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R OOF
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R OOFTYPE OF ROOF FRAMES & TRUSS
L Type Of Roof Frames
Gable Roof Mono Pitch Roof Shed Roof
Type Of Truss
Triple Howe Half Truss Mono Sloping Flat
Straight slope falling from ridge to eave, creating apeak or triangle on the side or front facade. Theinclination can't exceeding 30 degrees.
Single roof face falling away from themain building. The inclination can'texceeding 30 degrees.
A mono truss has only one slope as opposed two(half of a common truss).
A Sloping Flat Truss is used to create a vaulted ceiling.It may be top or bottom chord bearing. This truss hasparallel chords, both of which slope at the same angle,with a vertical post at each end..
A Howe Trusses are meant to span up to 36 feet and aDouble Howe is rated for as much as 60 feet. The longestHowe Truss design is the Triple Howe, and it is designedfor spans ranging from 54 feet to 80 feet in length.
A gabled roof with a single roof falling down fromthe main building same as mono- pitched roof.The inclination can't exceeding 10 degrees.
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R OOFMETAL ROOF DECKING & INSULATION
L Metal Roof Decking
Metal Deck
Aluminum Foil
Rock Wool
Chicken Wire Mesh
Steel Rafter
Aluminum Foil Rock Wool
If the deck spans are greater than 5', it's requiredto side-lap fastening at mid span or every 3" but iflesser than 5' is not required.
Chicken Wire Mesh H
ow Insulation Works
Reflecting sun and heat to protect dwelling from d amaging ray andweathering.
To support the roof system which good strength, Rigid , Durable,Light Weight, easy workability, and corrosion protection .
Installed to improve thermal and acoustic performance of roofs.
Use in roofs and wall applications for barnConversions and for the internal insulation.
Lay down on steel rafter to hold the rock wool withhigh tensile strength and corrosion resistance.
Insulated Uninsulated
Sisalation
Made by multi layer radiant barrier of lowemissivity and It will stop as much as97% of radiant heat transfer.
Aluminum FoilPE (Polyethylene)Kraft Paper Reinforcing Glass Fibre
Aluminum Foil
Made from stone wool which are fireresistance, excellent acoustics and thermalcontrol, durable in lifetime , sustainablematerials and reduce waste.
Shape of hexagonal wire netting isdurability, easy to use, corrosion &rust resistance and longer service life.
Sisalation sustains a constant and comfortabletemperature in a building by preventing heattransfer between indoor and outdoor climates.
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R OOFINSTALLATION PROCESS
L C Installation Process
Pitched RoofFlat Roof
2) The purlins are installed one by one
on the steel rafter which has a 5degree pitch.
4) The chicken wire mesh then placedon the metal decks for hold thealuminum foil.
6) Putting another layer of fiber glasswool on the aluminum foil for soundand heat insulation.
3) The metal decks are putting onto the
purlins and supported by the purlins.
5) The aluminum foil thenInstalled on the chicken wire mesh to reflectthe heat from the sunlight.
7) Than add another metal forleaving space for drainagebetween the decks and theedges.
2) Install the purlins above the above
chord to strength the truss system.
4) Than lay the rock wool above thechicken wire mesh for sound and heatinsulation.
.
6) Final put the metal decks above thealuminum foils with bolts.
1)Putting the steel trusses on the reinforced
concrete wall with bolts and steel brackets.
3) After that, put the chicken wire mesh abovethe purlins to hold the rock wool.
5) Insert another layer of aluminum foil to reflectthe heat.
1) Installing the steel rafter on thereinforced concrete wall.
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R OOFROOF TERMINOLOGY
Roof Terminology
Common Rafter
PipeVentilate pipe for exhaust the gases.
Hip Rafter An exterior angle formed by the junction of two slopes.
Jack Rafter
EavesThe lowest point of a roof where water drains into thegutter..
Valley Rafter Internal junction between two roof slopes.
RidgeIntersection at the top of two slopes in a pitched roof.
VergeThe edge of a roof. Fascia & Soffits
Fascia hangs down below the bottom line of roof tiles. Soffit is thehorizontal surface that fit the gap between the bottom of thefascia and the wall for ventilation.
GableThe part of a wall that encloses theend of a pitched roof.
Common Rafter
Jack Rafter
Valley Rafter
Ridge
Fascia
Gable
Soffits
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R OOFTRUSS TERMINOLOGY
Top ChordThe steel rafter which runs to thetop of the truss.
Collar TiesBind with the rafter together to resistuplift when strong winds .
Brandering
WebsIs a short aluminium which runsfrom the bottom chord to the topchord.
Bottom ChordThe large horizontal member ofsteel at the bottom of the truss.
OverhangThe top chord which extends fromthe wall.
ApexThe highest point of the truss.
PurlinsThe long horizontal steel lay above the top chord.
Nail Plate
Wall Plate
RC WallTo support the load ofroof structures .
SpliceNormal SpanThe length of the bottom beamthat spans the wall frames
Truss Terminology
Top Chord
Collar Ties
Posts
WebsBottom Chord
Apex
Purlins
PostsTo resist against lateralwind and seismicforces.
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R OOFJOINT
Driven misaligned, overdriven,and under driven which couldcontribute to leakage and poorengagement.
Screw
Power Tools
Hammer Drill Screw Gun Aka Nail Gun
Steel Brackets
Steel Rafter PurlinsJoint
Screw guns auto-feed screws from aclip.
Combination of hammer and drillingmodes.
To show the joint between steel brackets and screw to hold the aluminum channel andonto the masonry bricks.
Tappingrange up to10ga mean0.25cm foraluminumthickness.
A screwtappingthrough thealuminumchannel.
Properly driven Improperly drivenDriven straight,good penetrationand compressedfirmly against thesurface.
The fasteners penetrate the metal decks and thesteel rafter.
AluminumChannel
Aluminum HollowRectangular Bar
Aluminum HatChannel
How bolts work together with steelbrackets to joint the steel rafter andpurlins
Section view of steelbrackets and bolts.
Square steelbrackets.
L- Shaped of steelbrackets.
Showing the screw penetrate themasonry wall and steel rafter.
Aluminum CChannel
Aluminum ZChannel
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Internal SupportConnection
Apex Connection
L-Brackets
Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mm
Posts
R.C. Beams
Bottom Chord
Bottom ChordKing Posts
Top Chord
Apex PlateSelf-DrillingScrew
Section X - X
X
X
The connection between R.C. beams and bottomchordBolted together by L-brackets and bolts.
The bottom chord, posts and webs are bolttogether.
The apex plat e is apply between thetop chord and king posts. Thanbolted it with 6 screws.
Connection
End Connection Bottom Chord Connection
Bottom Chord
Brick W all
Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mm
Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mm
UpperBeam/BrickWall
Posts
L-Brackets
Top Chord
L-BracketsBrick Wall
Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mm
R.C. BeamsBottom Chord
Bottom Chord
R.C. Beams
Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mmPosts Posts
L-BracketsL-Brackets
The overhang of top chord and concretebrick are bolt together by L-brackets.
The top chord are bolt into the brick wall byL-brackets with 8 screws.
The bottom chord are bolt into the R.Cbeams by L-brackets with 8 screws.
The overhang of bottom chord lay down ongap of bricks than applied concrete to fill it.
R OOFCONNECTION
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Bottom Chord Bracing Post Bracing
Plan ViewFront View
Side ViewSide View
Section Y - Y
Section Z - Z
Y
Y
Z
Z
Bottom Chord
Bottom ChordBracing
Bottom Chord
Bottom ChordBracing
PostBracing
Collar TiePostBracing
Collar Tie
Vertical sway bracing must be requiredbetween the top and bottom chords of adjacenttrusses to provide resistance against lateralwind and seismic forces.
Bottom chord braces which bolted below thebottom chord to limiting any bending.
Bracing
Web BracingPurlin Bracing
Plan View Front View
Side View
Section W - W
W
W
Top Chord
PurlinBracing
PurlinBracingTop Chord
Top Chord
Collar Tie
Bottom Chord
Web BracingPosts
Purlin which bolted above the top chord to limitingany bending movement and the spans for each is700mm.
The web bracing sometimesrequired on roof truss arecalled continuous lateralbraces to keep the truss webfrom buckling and falling over
R OOFBRACING
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R OOFMECHANICAL SERVICES, CEILING &
WORKER
Electrical
Ventilation Pipe isan extension of thewaste that runs upthrough the roof tothe exterior forventing of exhaustgases and tomaintainatmosphericpressure in thewaste system.
Ceiling Workers
Upper R.C. B eam
PVC Casing
Aluminum Wire
L-Bracket
VentFlashing
RoofRafter
Wall
Water Tank
Ceiling
Suspensi onRod BracketSuspensionRodSuspensionClip
CeilingPanels Main Tee
Tile Hold-DownClip
SteelBeams
The worker use his right leg step onthe top chord with full force to squaddown to his work.
The worker use his left leg step on thepurlins with less force to assist hisstability but If full force will cause thepurlins bend down.
The ceiling panels were supported by thebottom chord and the concrete beams byhanging with suspension rod.
The electricalwires wereapplied intothe PVCcasing andtied withaluminum wirebetween thebottom chordor R.C. Beam
Mechanical ServicesVentilate pipe
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Flashing
-Flexible, weather resistant EPDMrubber or silicone-Aluminum base is flexible toconform to any panel profile-Grey EPDM is ozone andultraviolet resistance-Appropriate pipe size diameterlisted on flashing to assure properfit
Edge FlashingProperties-Can be stretches to any shape, seals & stays-Large square & round ducts & penetrations-Flash between dissimilar materials & roof profiles-Paintable after installation-Handles vibration & expansion
Applications.-metal roof and wall-concrete or masonry-sealing edges on all surfaces-Splicing, lapping, sealing to all surfaces-termination/joining ends of dekstrip
Before flashing on thecorner between metaldeck roof & R.C. wall
After flashing on thecorner between metaldeck roof & R.C. wall
2) Apply sealant to
the bottom of thebase to seal up
5) Installthefastenerson the top& bottomedge
6) Applyadditionalsealant onbothfastenededges
Installation Process
2) Applysplice tapeon thedekstrip
3) Thanputanotherdekstipover thetape
4) Thanapplyheat tosealedges
Installation Process
1) Cut into proper
pipe diameter to fitdown to the pipe
1) Applythesealantalong thecorner
3) Mold theflexible base tothe panelcontours
4) Faster with 13-30pieces of self drillingfastener around thebase
Material-EPDM rubber or silicone-Aluminum base
Fastener - 1/4 -1 x 1-1/8 stainless cap head- Corrosion resistant fasteners- Number of fasteners from 13-30
pieces.
Sealant Tube Apply on bottom base to assurea proper seal to beware fromwater getting in. Appliedadditional sealant can be appliedaround base after installation.
VentilatePipe
Ridge Flashing
ClosureSeal together with outsideand inside closure.
Typical Inside Closure Applied closure to prevent water getting in and sealbetween the ridge and metal deck .
Pipe Flashing
The steel covering over the ridge to createcover and seal between two slopes toagainst the rain and wind.
SiliconeUsing sealant tube to seal it.
ScrewPenetrate the bolt though ridgeand metal deck.
Typical Outside Closure
Ridge
Metal deck
Material-Grey TPE
R OOFFLASHING
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R OOFGUTTER SYSTEM
Gutter SystemGutter & Downspout
PVC DownspoutLeading the rainwaterdown from downspout todrainage.
Fascia A flat horizontal bandaround a roof'sperimeter.
Gutter Leading therain water frommetal decks toit.
R.C.Beam
PurlinsTo stable the truss and apply the metal decks on it.
Metal DecksTo protect the building from raining and wind.
SoffitMade by fiber cement boardwhich water, fire, termite, andweather resistant, aestheticallypleasing, and environmentallyfriendly. Than leaving a smallgap between the soffit and R.C.Beam.
Gutter 135 Internal Angle
Joint Connector
90 Internal Angle Stop Ends Fascia Bracket
The gutters are vinyl, galvanized steel, or aluminum. The function is to let rainwater leadingto the roof drains or gutters from the roof area.
EndJoiner
Corner
Gutter
Hanger
Drop Outlet
Elbow
Connector
Downspout
Downspout Clip
Gutter Scupper Internal Drain
Gutter mounted at low end of roofwhich better resistance on leakage.
Leakage common at scupper. Potential leakage area atdrain same like scupper
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