PHYS 3313 Lecture #1Wednesday January 21, 2009
Dr. Andrew Brandt1. Syllabus and Introduction2. HEP Infomercial3. Ch. 1
Please turn off your cell-phones, pagers and laptops in class
http://www-hep.uta.edu/~brandta/teaching/sp2009/teaching.html
Who am I?B.S. Physics and Economics College of William&Mary 1985PH.D. UCLA/CERN (UA8 Experiment-discovered hard diffraction) 1992
1992-1999 Post-doc and Wilson Fellow at Fermilab-Discovered hard color singlet exchange JGJ-1997 PECASE Award for contributions to diffraction-Proposed and built (with collaborators from Brazil) DØ Forward Proton Detector
-QCD and Run I Physics Convenor-Trigger Meister, QCDTrigger Board Rep., Designed Run II Trigger List
1999-2004 present UTA Assistant Prof 2004-present Assoc. Prof-OJI, MRI, ARP awards for DØ FPD-2005 started fast timing work (ARP, DOE ADR)-2008 sabbatical on ATLAS
Logistics• Physics 3313, Spring 2009, Room 105 SH129
MW 1:00-2:20• Instructor: Andrew Brandt 817 272-2706,
[email protected]• Office Hours: MW 2:30 – 3:30, Tues. 2:00-3:00,
by appointment (344 Physics CPB)• http://www-hep.uta.edu/~brandta/teaching/sp2009/teaching.html
• Textbook: “Concepts of Modern Physics” by Beiser (6th Ed.)
Grading1. Grades will be weighted as follows:
Homework+quizzes 25%2 Midterms (Mar 11, April 22) 50%Final (May 11, 11:00) 25%
2. Drop lowest 2 HW’s and 1 Quiz, final is comprehensive, NO Makeup tests, quizes, late HW
3. Physics Clinic SH 224 is useful free resource for problem sets, but get as far as you can on your own
Attendance and Class Style• Attendance:
– is STRONGLY encouraged, to aid your motivation I give pop quizzes
• Class style:– Lectures will be primarily on electronic media
(I hope)• The lecture notes will be posted AFTER each class
– Will be mixed with traditional methods (blackboard)
– Active participation through questions and discussion are STRONGLY encouraged
Modern Physics Course Material
Survey class:• Special Relativity• Wave-Particle Duality• Bohr Atom• Quantum Mechanics• Statistical Mechanics
Modern Physics deals with the fast and/or small wheredifferent rules apply from classical physicsModern Physics is not current physics!
High Energy Physics at UTA
UTA faculty Andrew Brandt, Kaushik De, Amir Farbin, Andrew White, Jae Yu along with
many post-docs, graduate and undergraduate students investigate the basic forces of nature through particle physics studies at the world’s
highest energy accelerators
In the background is a photo of a sub-detector of the 5000 ton DØ detector. This sub-detector was designed and built at UTA and is currently operating at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago.
Structure of Matter
cm
Matter
10-9m
Molecule
10-10m 10-14m
Atom Nucleus
Atomic Physics
NuclearPhysics
High energy means small distances
Nano-Science/Chemistry10-15m
u
<10-18m
QuarkBaryon
Electron
<10-19mprotons, neutrons,
mesons, etc.π,Ω,Λ...
top, bottom,charm, strange,
up, down
High Energy Physics
(Hadron)
(Lepton)
Periodic Table
All atoms are madeof protons, neutronsand electrons
Helium Neon
ud
u u
d d
Proton NeutronElectron
Gluons hold quarks togetherPhotons hold atoms together
What is High Energy Physics? Matter/Forces at the most fundamental level.
Great progress! The “STANDARD MODEL”
BUT… many mysteries
=> Why so many quarks/leptons??
=> Why four forces?? Unification?
=> Where does mass come from??
=> Are there higher symmetries??
⇒What is the “dark matter”??
⇒Will the LHC create a black hole
that destroys the Earth? NO! See: http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/en/LHC/Safety-en.html
Role of Particle Accelerators• Smash particles together• Act as microscopes and time machines
– The higher the energy, the smaller object to be seen
– Particles that only existed at a time just after the Big Bang can be made
• Two method of accelerator based experiments:– Collider Experiments: pp, pp, e+e-, ep– Fixed Target Experiments: Particles on a target– Type of accelerator depends on research goals
Fermilab Tevatron and CERN LHC• Currently Highest Energy
proton-anti-proton collider– Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p
13M Joules on 10-4m2)⇒Equivalent to the K.E. of a 20
ton truck at a speed 81 mi/hr
Chicago↓
Tevatron p
p CDF
DØ
Fermilab: http://www.fnal.gov/ ; DØ: http://www-d0.fnal.gov/ CERN: http://www.cern.ch/ ; ATLAS: http://atlas.web.cern.ch/
• Highest Energy proton-proton collider in fall 2008 – Ecm=14 TeV (=44x10-7J/p
1000M Joules on 10-4m2)⇒Equivalent to the K.E. of a 20
ton truck at a speed 711 mi/hr
1500 physicists130 institutions30 countries
5000 physicists250 institutions60 countries
Particle Identification
InteractionPoint
electronphoton
jet
muonneutrino -- or any non-interacting particle missing transverse momentum
Ä B
Scintillating FiberSilicon Tracking
Charged Particle TracksCalorimeter (dense)
EM hadronic
Energy
Wire Chambers
Magn
et
Muon Tracks
We know x,y starting momenta is zero, butalong the z axis it is not, so many of our measurements are in the xy plane, or transverse
DØ Detector
• Weighs 5000 tons• As tall as a 5 story building• Can inspect 3,000,000 collisions/second• Record 100 collisions/second• Records 10 Mega-bytes/second• Recording 0.5x1015 (500,000,000,000,000)
bytes per year (0.5 PetaBytes).
30’
50’
ATLAS Detector
• Weighs 10,000 tons• As tall as a 10 story building• Can inspect 1,000,000,000
collisions/second• Will record 200 collisions/second• Records 300 Mega-bytes/second• Will record 2.0x1015
(2,000,000,000,000,000) bytes each year (2 PetaByte).
The Standard Model
• Current list of elementary (i.e. indivisible) particles
• Antiparticles have opposite charge, same mass
The strong force is different from E+M and gravity!new property, color chargeconfinement - not usual 1/r2
Standard Model has been very successfulbut has too many parameters, does notexplain origin of mass. Continue to probeand attempt to extend model.
UTA and Particle Physics
Fermilab/Chicago
CERN/Geneva
ILC? U.S.?
Building Detectors at UTA
High Energy Physics Training + Jobs
EXPERIENCE:1) Problem solving 2) Data analysis3) Detector construction4) State-of-the-art high speed electronics 5) Computing (C++, Python, Linux, etc.)6) Presentation 7) Travel
JOBS:1) Post-docs/faculty positions2) High-tech industry3) Computer programming and development4) Financial
My Main Research Interests
• Physics with Forward Proton Detectors• Fast timing detectors• Triggering (selecting the events to write to
tape): at ATLAS 200/40,000,000 events/sec
DØ Forward Proton Detector (FPD)
• Quadrupole Spectrometers• surround the beam: up, down, in, out• use quadrupole magnets (focus beam)
- a series of momentum spectrometers that make use of accelerator magnets in conjunction with position detectors along the beam line
• Dipole Spectrometer• inside the beam ring in the horizontal plane
• use dipole magnet(bends beam)
• also shown here: separators (bring beams together for collisions)
A total of 9 spectrometers comprised of 18 Roman PotsData taking finished, analysis in progress (Mike Strang Ph.D.)
Detector ConstructionAt the University of Texas, Arlington (UTA), scintillating and optical fibers were spliced and inserted into the detector frames.
The cartridge bottom containing the detector is installed in the Roman pot and then the cartridge top with PMT’s is attached.
One of the DØ Forward Proton Detectors builtat UTA and installed in the Tevatron tunnel
Tevatron: World’s Highest Energy ColliderFermilab
DØ
High-tech fan
FP420: Particle physics R&D collaboration that proposes to use double proton tagging at 420m
as a means to discover new physics
FP420 Overview
NEW
ATLAS version: AFP Atlas Forward ProtonsSubmitted LOI, Under Review! Feb. 1 at CERN!
Central Exclusive Higgs Productionpp→ p H p : 3-10 fb
beam
p’
p’roman pots roman pots
dipole
dipole
22 )''( ppppM H −−+=
E.g. V. Khoze et alM. Boonekamp et al.B. Cox et al. V. Petrov et al…Levin et al…
∆M = O(1.0 - 2.0) GeV
Idea: Measure the Missing mass from the protons
Hgap gap
b
b -jet
-jet
ηp p
Arnab Pal
n=1 n>>1
Cerenkov Effect
Use this property of prompt radiation to develop a fasttiming counter
particle
Background Rejection
Ex, Two protons from one interaction and two b-jets from another
Fast Timing Detectors for ATLAS
WHO? UTA (Brandt), Alberta, Louvain, FNAL
WHY?
How? Use timing to measure vertex and compare to central tracking vertex
How Fast? 10 picoseconds (light travels 3mm in 10 psec!)
Pedro Duarte (M.S.)Shane Spivey (ex-GRA)Ian Howley (GRA)
proton
Fused Silica Bars• 9 cm bars• Some converted to mini-bars
60 psec
Spread in timing as f(λ)
since n(λ)
Simulation by Joaquin Noyola (UG)other studies by UGChance Harenza+Alek Malcolm
MCP-PMT Operation
FaceplatePhotocathode
Dual MCP
Anode
Gain ~ 106
Photoelectron ∆V ~ 200V
∆V ~ 200V
∆V ~ 2000V
photon
Test Beam• Fermilab Test beam T958 experiment to study fast
timing counters for FP420 (Brandt spokesman)
• Used prototype detector to test concept
• Test beam at Fermilab Sep. 2006, Mar.+Jul. 2007
• CERN October 2007, June 2008
Time resolution for the full detector system:1. Intrinsec detector time resolution2. Jitter in PMT's3. Electronics (AMP/CFD/TDC)4. Reference Time
Latest QUARTIC Prototype
Testing long bars 90 cm, more light than 15 mm mini-bars (due to losses in air light-guide) but more time dispersion due to n(λ)
FP420 Timing Setup
Data Acquisition• Lecroy 8620A
6 GHz 20 Gs• Lecroy 7300A
3 GHz 20/10 Gs• Remotely operated
from control room• Transfer data periodically
with external USB drive
Good Event
5 ns/major division
Online Screen Capture
one histo is 10 psper bin others are 20 ps
delta timebetweenchannels
Dt
QUARTIC Long Bar Resolution
56.6/1.4=40 ps/bar including CFD!
Laser Tests
laser diode lenses filter splitter
mirror PMT
Laser setup operational
Howley, Hall, Lim, McPhail
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