1
Country %
US
Brazil
Jordan
Morocco
Australia
China
Estonia
Israel
72
5,4
4,2
3,5
2,1
1,5
1,1
0,3Source: U.S. Department of Energy , (2005)
Estimated total world resources of oil shale are more than 400 billion tons
(Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
Oil Shale Resources
2
Domestic fuel, resources for about 100 years
Low heat value
High ash content
High CaO content in ash
Comparison of fuels (as received):
Coal Heavy Oil Oil Shale
Moisture,%
Ash, %
Sulfur, %
Heat value, MJ/kg
5-13
5-25
0,5 - 3
< 3
0,3
< 3
10 - 12
43 - 47
1,5 – 1,8
20 - 28 38 8 - 10
Oil Shale in Estonia - Characteristics
3
Oil Shale Miningin Estonia and in the World
Production of oil shale from several countries
5
IDA-VIRUMAA COUNTY MAP
Eesti Power Plant
Balti Power Plant
6
Oil Shale Mineable Seam
• The mineable oil shale seam is of Middle Ordovician age and consists of seven sub-seams (denominated A through F1) that are divided by limestone partings of various thicknesses.
• Within the active mining areas, the thickness of this oil shale seam, without partings, ranges between 1.7 m and 2.3 m
7
Estonian Long-Term Experience Utilising Oil Shale
Estonia has a long-term comprehensive experience on large scale oil shale utilisation:
electrical energy generation
middle pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 40-s
high pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 50-s
Balti Power Plant – initially 1624 MWe - comm-d 1959 – 1966
Eesti Power Plant – 1615 MWe - comm-d 1969 – 1973
circulated fluidised bed combustion
2 Blocks 215 MWe each - commissioned 2005
oil shale oil processing
Oil Shale Processing Plant utilising the
Galloter Process – 2 x 140 t/h Oil Shale - Commissioned 1980
8
Narva Power PlantsEesti Power Plant
1615 MWBalti Power Plant
765 MWOil Factory
Eesti PP74%
AS Narva Elektrijaamad part in Estonian electricity production in 2005
94%
Iru PP
Kohtla-Järve PP
Ahtme PP
Industry’s PP
Renewable
Balti PP
20%
Eesti PP
74%
Other6%
9
The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired
Power Plants
•01.01.2008.a. – SO2 bounding on existing boilers >65%,
– fly ash emissions < 200 mg/Nm3
•16.07.2009.a. – to reconstruct ash handling systems, and bring ash landfills in compliance with landfill directive
• 01.01.2012.a. – SO2 emissions total <25 000 ton/year
• 01.01.2016.a. – LCP directive requirements will apply to
all boilers
10
The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale
Fired Power Plants
CFB technology is the best for reducing SO2 emissions
Ca/S molar ratio in Estonian Oil Shale – ca 10
PC Boilers CFB Boilers SO2 bounded 80 % almost 100 %
SO2 emissions 2000 mg/Nm3 0 – 20 mg/Nm3 NOx emissions, mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3 90 – 170 mg/Nm3
Fly Ash Emissions < 200 mg/Nm3 < 30 mg/Nm3
11
FWE CFB-Combustion System for Oil Shale
Net Heat to Steam With oil shale 247 MWthWith shale oil 112,5 MWth
Main Steam 90 kg/s l 535’C l 12.7 MPaHot Reheat 77 kg/s l 535’C l 2.4 MPaSteam Drum 13.3 MPa
NET EFFICIENCY ~37%
12
Narva Power Plant Oil Plant Retorting Process
Top Related