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Chapter Nine:Latin American Music
Chapter Nine:Latin American Music
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Four Major Categories of Latin American Music
Four Major Categories of Latin American Music
Indigenous Music Iberian (Spanish/Portuguese) and mestizo
(mixed ancestry) Folk Music African influenced Music Urban Popular Music
Indigenous Music Iberian (Spanish/Portuguese) and mestizo
(mixed ancestry) Folk Music African influenced Music Urban Popular Music
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Indigenous PeoplesIndigenous Peoples
Mexico and Central America: Aztec, Maya, and Inca.
South America, over 100 languages and 2000 dialects.
Several conquests over the past 500 years, Spanish or Portuguese; genocide of much indigenous population, early 16th century
Mexico and Central America: Aztec, Maya, and Inca.
South America, over 100 languages and 2000 dialects.
Several conquests over the past 500 years, Spanish or Portuguese; genocide of much indigenous population, early 16th century
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InstrumentsInstruments Indigenous instruments
Flutes (kenas), ocarinas, conches, panpipes (zampoñas), and various percussion instruments (see the Sue Reichling presentation, class 36)
Non-indigenous (imported) instruments String instruments, related to violin, harp, and
guitar
Indigenous instruments Flutes (kenas), ocarinas, conches, panpipes
(zampoñas), and various percussion instruments (see the Sue Reichling presentation, class 36)
Non-indigenous (imported) instruments String instruments, related to violin, harp, and
guitar
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South AmericaAndes Mountain Region
South AmericaAndes Mountain Region
6Andes Village Musicians, featuring panpipes & drumsAndes Village Musicians, featuring panpipes & drums
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Panpipes with Kena, Ozark Empire Fair
Panpipes with Kena, Ozark Empire Fair
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Two Against ThreeTwo Against Three
Where have we seen this before? Sesquialtera (simultaneous division of the
measure by 3 and by 2) Hemiola (3 in the space of 2)
IV:7 “Pajarillo” European Renaissance music Brahms
Where have we seen this before? Sesquialtera (simultaneous division of the
measure by 3 and by 2) Hemiola (3 in the space of 2)
IV:7 “Pajarillo” European Renaissance music Brahms
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Nueva CanciónNueva Canción
Nueva Cancion originated in Chile as a modern and socially conscious musical style and message that draws attention to the struggles for dignity by everyday people.
“El Lazo” (IV:8) Pica Pica, by a composer from Springfield’s sister city in
Mexico, Tlaquepaque, is not so political in tone. Sesquialtera = simultaneous feeling of 6/8 and 3/4 meters
(two against three). “America” from West Side Story alternates 6/8 and 3/4
Nueva Cancion originated in Chile as a modern and socially conscious musical style and message that draws attention to the struggles for dignity by everyday people.
“El Lazo” (IV:8) Pica Pica, by a composer from Springfield’s sister city in
Mexico, Tlaquepaque, is not so political in tone. Sesquialtera = simultaneous feeling of 6/8 and 3/4 meters
(two against three). “America” from West Side Story alternates 6/8 and 3/4
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Pica, PicaPica, Pica Abran muy bien sus ojitos, Open your eyes very wide, Agradezco su atencion I am grateful for your attention Con el degido respeto With due respect Voy a entonar me cancion. I am going to sing my song.
Identedad de mi pueblo, Intentity of my people, Clutivo de mis ancestros, Cultivation of my ancestors, Yo les presento un amigo, I introduce you to a friend, Por favor tomen su asiento. Please take your seats.
Con el maiz y el frijol, With the corn and the bean, Plantas hermanas del sol, Sister plants of the sun, El chile es tan mexicano, The Chile is so Mexican, Como el mariachi y su son. Like the mariachi and its rhythm
Pica, Pica, Dale a tu vida sabor, Hot, Hot, give flavor to your life Pica, pica, Milagro de esta region; Hot, Hot, miracle of this region; Pica, pica, Travieso y vcilador, Hot, Hot, mischievous and playful, Pica, pica, Alburero y trovador. Magician and troubadour.
Abran muy bien sus ojitos, Open your eyes very wide, Agradezco su atencion I am grateful for your attention Con el degido respeto With due respect Voy a entonar me cancion. I am going to sing my song.
Identedad de mi pueblo, Intentity of my people, Clutivo de mis ancestros, Cultivation of my ancestors, Yo les presento un amigo, I introduce you to a friend, Por favor tomen su asiento. Please take your seats.
Con el maiz y el frijol, With the corn and the bean, Plantas hermanas del sol, Sister plants of the sun, El chile es tan mexicano, The Chile is so Mexican, Como el mariachi y su son. Like the mariachi and its rhythm
Pica, Pica, Dale a tu vida sabor, Hot, Hot, give flavor to your life Pica, pica, Milagro de esta region; Hot, Hot, miracle of this region; Pica, pica, Travieso y vcilador, Hot, Hot, mischievous and playful, Pica, pica, Alburero y trovador. Magician and troubadour.
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No tengan miedo senores, Have no fear people, Esto es cuestion de semblanza, This is a question of
similarities. Aqui la cosa es calmada, Here, things are calm, Pueden agarrar confianza. You can trust.
Hay ena gran variedad, There is a great variety, Hay diferentes sabores, There are different flavors De formas y de colores, Of shapes and colors Como podran apreciar. As you will be able to
appreciate.
Hay mulato y hay serrano, There are dark ones and others from the mountain.
Y entre otros el cascabel, And among other the bell, Y uno que se cree muy ancho, And one that thinks himself
very wide. A ver quien puede con el. Let’s see who can put up with him.
Chorus
No tengan miedo senores, Have no fear people, Esto es cuestion de semblanza, This is a question of
similarities. Aqui la cosa es calmada, Here, things are calm, Pueden agarrar confianza. You can trust.
Hay ena gran variedad, There is a great variety, Hay diferentes sabores, There are different flavors De formas y de colores, Of shapes and colors Como podran apreciar. As you will be able to
appreciate.
Hay mulato y hay serrano, There are dark ones and others from the mountain.
Y entre otros el cascabel, And among other the bell, Y uno que se cree muy ancho, And one that thinks himself
very wide. A ver quien puede con el. Let’s see who can put up with him.
Chorus
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El guero le dijo al gordo, The blond said to the fat one Por ahi viene el jalapeno There comes the jalaapeno. Anda buscando camorra, He’s looking for trouble, Junto con el cuaresmeno. Together with the one who is
the lesser.
El manzano es muy tranquilo, The banana is pretty calm. No seas guajillo le dicen, They say to him, “Don’t be a
hillbilly, Si ya te quieres ir, vete, If you want to go, leave, Porque ahi viene el molcajete. Because there comes the
troublemaker.”
"me agarran desprevenido,” “They catch me unprepared,” Grito el chipotle maldito Shouted the cursed chile
chipotle. Y el piquin que le responde, And the little hot chili
responded, "a mi me pelan fresquito” “They skin me raw.”
Chorus Translation by Steve Breedlove
El guero le dijo al gordo, The blond said to the fat one Por ahi viene el jalapeno There comes the jalaapeno. Anda buscando camorra, He’s looking for trouble, Junto con el cuaresmeno. Together with the one who is
the lesser.
El manzano es muy tranquilo, The banana is pretty calm. No seas guajillo le dicen, They say to him, “Don’t be a
hillbilly, Si ya te quieres ir, vete, If you want to go, leave, Porque ahi viene el molcajete. Because there comes the
troublemaker.”
"me agarran desprevenido,” “They catch me unprepared,” Grito el chipotle maldito Shouted the cursed chile
chipotle. Y el piquin que le responde, And the little hot chili
responded, "a mi me pelan fresquito” “They skin me raw.”
Chorus Translation by Steve Breedlove
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Bolivian K’antuBolivian K’antu “Kutirimunapaq” (CD IV:9)“Hocketing panpipes, with rhythmic melodies played in parallel fifths and octaves
and a strong, steady rhythm on a large drum.”
Instruments including multiple (over 20!) zampoña, wankara drum, and ch’inisku (triangle).
hocket = alternating notes of melody among several voices and/or instruments (as in the panpipes of this example).
Doubling of melodic line in parallel octaves and fifths. Formal structure of ABC, and repeated Continuous dancing along with the music
“Kutirimunapaq” (CD IV:9)“Hocketing panpipes, with rhythmic melodies played in parallel fifths and octaves
and a strong, steady rhythm on a large drum.”
Instruments including multiple (over 20!) zampoña, wankara drum, and ch’inisku (triangle).
hocket = alternating notes of melody among several voices and/or instruments (as in the panpipes of this example).
Doubling of melodic line in parallel octaves and fifths. Formal structure of ABC, and repeated Continuous dancing along with the music
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The Quichua of the Northern Andes of Ecuador
The Quichua of the Northern Andes of Ecuador
Comunas (small clusters of houses) on the slopes of Mt. Cotacachi
Language is Quichua
Comunas (small clusters of houses) on the slopes of Mt. Cotacachi
Language is Quichua
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TraditionsTraditions
Traditional agriculture and material culture Maize; Cabuya cactus provides fiber Homes are one room, covered patio, mud
walls, dirt floor Men wear white or blue shirts, white pants, dark
poncho, hats; women wear embroidered blouses, shawls, two skirts with two belts; dress not changed much since 16th century
Traditional agriculture and material culture Maize; Cabuya cactus provides fiber Homes are one room, covered patio, mud
walls, dirt floor Men wear white or blue shirts, white pants, dark
poncho, hats; women wear embroidered blouses, shawls, two skirts with two belts; dress not changed much since 16th century
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Strong sense of communityStrong sense of community
Common language, dress, material culture Same diet of beans and potatoes Weekly markets Periodic community work projects Fiestas Communication carried by foot; walking, or
purina, is vital to daily life
Common language, dress, material culture Same diet of beans and potatoes Weekly markets Periodic community work projects Fiestas Communication carried by foot; walking, or
purina, is vital to daily life
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SanjuánSanjuán
A type of song played at the festival of St. John the Baptist
A type of dance performed at that festival
Now a popular song form
A type of song played at the festival of St. John the Baptist
A type of dance performed at that festival
Now a popular song form
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HarpHarp
Without pedals (one scale) In the region for hundreds of years Initially brought from European missionaries Typically a male occupation
Cascarón (CD IV:10)
Without pedals (one scale) In the region for hundreds of years Initially brought from European missionaries Typically a male occupation
Cascarón (CD IV:10)
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Form of sanjuanesForm of sanjuanes Strophic Phrase length often lasts eight beats Short-long-short rhythmic motive Rhythm of first half often identical with
second half (isorhythm) Some sanjuanes are sung, while others
are instrumental Walking and wandering is an important
metaphor in text
Strophic Phrase length often lasts eight beats Short-long-short rhythmic motive Rhythm of first half often identical with
second half (isorhythm) Some sanjuanes are sung, while others
are instrumental Walking and wandering is an important
metaphor in text
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Two Classic SanjuánsTwo Classic Sanjuáns
Rosa Maria’s House A-Burning (CD IV:11)
Harp, Voice (and golpe)
Ilumán tiyu (CD IV:12) Violin, kenas, guitars, drum, and voice Classic sanjuán Highly popular song in the 1980s and 1990s Composer was saying “remember me”
Compare to “One Song, Glory” from Rent
Rosa Maria’s House A-Burning (CD IV:11)
Harp, Voice (and golpe)
Ilumán tiyu (CD IV:12) Violin, kenas, guitars, drum, and voice Classic sanjuán Highly popular song in the 1980s and 1990s Composer was saying “remember me”
Compare to “One Song, Glory” from Rent
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The Andean Ensemble PhenomenonThe Andean Ensemble Phenomenon Widespread phenomenon in the Andes and beyond Music making is an important means of socialization
among Quichua youths Featured regularly for tourists In the United States, many groups have become
popular and widely known
Peruvian wayno
Amor imposible (CD:12)
Performed by Chaskinakuy
Widespread phenomenon in the Andes and beyond Music making is an important means of socialization
among Quichua youths Featured regularly for tourists In the United States, many groups have become
popular and widely known
Peruvian wayno
Amor imposible (CD:12)
Performed by Chaskinakuy
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Additional Equadorian MusicAdditional Equadorian Music
Vacación (IV:14) A Child’s Wake
Toro Barroso (IV:16) Don César Muqinche
Vamos pa’ Manabi (IV:17) Bomba
Vacación (IV:14) A Child’s Wake
Toro Barroso (IV:16) Don César Muqinche
Vamos pa’ Manabi (IV:17) Bomba
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