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ANALYSING TOBACCO CONTROL POLICY INITIATION THROUGH SURVEY ON PUBLIC OPINION:A CASE STUDY IN MALANG AND BATU CITIES
21st March 2015
Hevi Kurnia Hardini(Lecturer)University of Muhammadiyah, Malang
Background
Every policy has value conflicts. (Public and Economic Values)
Tobacco taxation in Batu City contributed to the Local Government for amount of 325.525.000 million Rupiah (APBD Batu 2013)
In Malang City, the Local Government earned an amount of 12.5 billion from tobacco taxation in the year 2014 (the Revised APBD Malang 2014)
Malang and Batu Cities do not prioritize tobacco control in the policies
The main argument is that the Governments have double standards in managing value conflict in regard to controlling cigarettes for health protection.
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Innovative Content
• Result of analysis regarding value conflict management based on market and public values
• Initiating Tobacco Control Policy since Malang and Batu Governments do not have these regulations yet
• This research will provide recommendation through public survey.
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Objectives
• To analyze how the Local Governments of Malang and Batu manage their value conflicts on initiating tobacco control policy (Thacher, D and Rein, M 2004)
• To provide recommendations on tobacco control policy to the Governments of Malang and Batu Cities.
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Methodology
• A quantitative descriptive research approach• Population: the entire community of Malang and Batu • Sample (men and women from the age of 18 years old)
Non-smokers, light-smokers, moderate-smokers, heavy-smokers
• Sample Size: • Slovin Formula 400 (Total Sample of Malang and Batu)• Malang: 280 people• Batu: 120 people
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Methodology (contd…)
• Sampling Techniques: stratified random sampling
• Variables: Public Value and Economic Values
• Data collection Techniques and Instruments: Questionnaire with the Guttman scale
• Data Analysis Techniques: Quantitative statistical descriptive method.
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Methodology (contd…)
• A qualitative-research approach
• Population: the local government of Malang and Batu
• Sample: the related government agencies
• Sampling technique: purposive sampling technique
• Variables: Public Value and Economic Values
• Data collection Techniques and Instruments
Observation, In-depth Interview, Study Literature
Qualitative descriptive method.
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1. Peoples’ knowledge 2. Peoples’ awareness 3. The need for rising cigarete
tax 4. The need for imposing
designited smoking area 5. The need for providing non
smoking area 6. The need for banning
smoking in the public facilities and encolsed areas
Result- Malang
Blue: Know/Need; Red: Not Know/ Do Not Need
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Result- Malang (contd…)
7. The need for banning smoking around the kids and expecting mothers
8. The need for running for cigarette control policy campaign
9. The need for banning smoking for children under 18 year old
10. The need for banning smoking trade for children under 18 year old & expecting mothers
11. The need rising excise tax for reducing the number of cigarette industries
Blue: Know/Need; Red: Not Know/ Do Not Need
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1. Peoples’ knowledge2. Peoples’ awareness3. The need for rising cigarete tax4. The need for imposing
designited smoking area5. The need for providing non
smoking area6. The need for banning smoking
in the public facilities and encolsed areas
Result- Batu
Blue: Know/Need; Red: Not Know/ Do Not Need
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7. The need for banning smoking around the kids and expecting mothers
8. The need for running for cigarette control policy campaign
9. The need for banning smoking for children under 18 year old
10. The need for banning smoking trade for children under 18 year old & expecting mothers
11. The need rising excise tax for reducing the number of cigarette industries
Blue: Know/Need; Red: Not Know/ Do Not Need
Result- Batu (contd…)
The Documentations from Malang City
Designated Smoking Area In Terminal
Non Smoking Sign in Health Office
City Park funded by the Cigarette Industry
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The Dynamics of Value Conflict Management Tobacco Control Policy in Malang
• The case of Malang Government, according Thacher, D and Rein, M 2004 this can be defined as implementing strategy of Firewalls
• The Government of Malang (executive) keeps managing both economic and health values at the same time through different departments. (Department of Health vs Department of Industry and Trade).
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The Dynamics of Value Conflict Management Tobacco Control Policy in Malang (contd… )
• At the stage of implementation, the Malang Government tends to act in the pro-economic value action than in the pro-health value action
• This is being reflected as the protection towards the cigarette industry, by postponing the imposition of local law regulation regarding tobacco control policies.
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The Documentations from Batu City
Cigarette in Paperwork Non Smoking Sign in Batu City Park
Designated Smoking Area in Batu Parliament Office
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• By applying Thacher, D and Rein, M, 2004, the Batu Government is categorized as implementing the second strategy of Casuistry
• This is reflected from the imposition of the Mayor Regulation/Perwali No. 17 Year 2011 regarding the prohibition of smoking at City Park/Alun Alun Batu.
The Dynamics of Value Conflict Management Tobacco Control Policy in Batu
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The Dynamics of Value Conflict Management Tobacco Control Policy In Batu (contd…)
• In this case the Batu Government attempts to get out from the pros and cons dichotomy, since the sector of tobacco industry is not considered as the dominant income sector
• The Batu Government focuses more on resolving value conflicts case by case
• This has been reflected from the Government's vision of the Shining Batu which puts priority on tourism.
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The Dynamics of Value Conflict Management Tobacco Control Policy In Batu (Contd...)
• The Mayor Regulation/Perwali No. 17 Year 2011 has been passed based on the convenience for tourists in the Batu city park/alun-alun
• The government merely sets the tobacco control regulation only for the tourists in the Batu city park square
• The government does not insist to propose the tobacco control policy bill to the Batu parliament.
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Conclusion
• The study found that the people prefered to public values as a choice to support tobacco control policies
• The public awareness has changed in line with people's understanding for the health free from cigarette smoke
• The management of the tobacco control in the schemes of Malang Government is categorized as the Firewalls strategy
• In the case of managing tobacco control policy in Batu Government is implementing strategy for managing value conflict as Casuistry.
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Recommendations
• Government of Malang and Batu together with the legislatures of both cities (parliaments) should immediately issue Local Regulation (Local Act/Perda) on tobacco control policy
• The funds that are generated from the Tobacco Industries (IHT) should be allocated to overcome the negative effects of smoking
• As a follow-up of this study, the next research should be on the feasibility study and the progress of proposing the drafted tobacco control policy Bills of Malang and Batu to the Local Parliaments in order to be listed at the Local Legislative Program (Prolegda).
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