SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD STUDY –CASE OF UiTM SHAH ALAM
Baki, A., Jaafar, J., Mohd Zaki, Z., Abu Bakar, A.A., Atan, I., Ashaari, Y., Abu Salim, N.H., Shamsuddin, R. and Idris, N.A.
ENVIRAB SERVICESFACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UiTM SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
25 APRIL 2013
Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre
Azinoor Azida Abu Bakar
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMCONTENTS
� Flow and Load for sewerage facilities
� Standards Flow and Load in Malaysia
� Flow and Load for academic institutions
� Methods
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
� Methods
� Results
� Concluding Remarks
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
1. FLOW AND LOAD FOR SEWERAGE FACILITIES
� Sewerage Facilities, including sewers, pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, are designed according to flowrates (hydraulic loads).
� Flowrates – calculated from Population Equivalent (PE) and per capita flow.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Equivalent (PE) and per capita flow.
� Sewage treatment plants process design are based on pollutant loads – from the concentration of the pollutants in the raw sewage.
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
2. STANDARDS FLOW AND LOADS
MS 1228 – 1991 and Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009
�Average Flow per capita = 225 litres / PE / day.
�Average Dry Weather Flow = Average Flow per capita x PE
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
capita x PE
�Peak flow factor is given as:
�4.7 x (PE/1000)-0.11
�Peak flow = Average Dry Weather Flow x Peak flow factor
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Population Equivalent (PE)Type of Premises/Establishments PE
Residential 5 per house
Commercial 3 per 100 m2 gross area
School-Day schools-Fully Residential-Partial Residential
0.2 per student1 per student
0.2 per non-residential student1 per residential student
Hospitals 4 per bed
Hotels with dining and laundry 4 per room
Factories, excluding process water 0.3 per staff
Market (wet) 3 per stall
Market (dry) 1 per stall
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Petrol kiosks/Service Station 15 per toilets
Bus terminal 4 per bus bay
Taxi Terminal 4 per taxi bay
Place of Worship 0.2 per person
Stadium 0.2 per person
Swimming pool/Sport Complex 0.5 per person
Public Toilet 15 per toilet
Airport 0.2 per passenger bay0.3 per employee
Laundry 10 per machine
Prison 1 per person
Golf 20 per hole
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Loads
Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009
Parameters Design Influent Value (mg/l)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
250
Suspended Solids (SS) 300
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Suspended Solids (SS) 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 50
Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 10
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
� The PE estimation used for academic institutions, including schools, colleges and universities:
�1 PE per residential students
�0.2 PE per non -residential students
3. FLOW AND LOADS FOR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
�0.2 PE per non -residential students
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
� The objectives of this study:
�Compare the Average Flow per capita to the standard of 225 litres/ PE/ day.
�Compare the actual concentration of pollutants to the standard concentrations.
Objectives
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
to the standard concentrations.
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
� Three sewage treatment plants selected for this study:
�Chancellery sewage treatment plant
�Mawar College sewage treatment plant
�ROTU sewage treatment plant
4. METHOD
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
�ROTU sewage treatment plant
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMChancellery STP
Chancellery’s Sewage
Treatment Plant.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Plant.
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMChancellery STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Mawar College STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMROTU STP
ROTU,UiTM STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMROTU STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
� Surveys to be conducted at college of residents connected to the STP to determine the residential PE.
� Surveys to be conducted at faculties connected to the STP to determine the non -residential PE.
PE
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
� Continuous flows at the inlet of the STP will be recorded using flowmeters.
� Dry and wet days will be identified using rainfall data.
Flows
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
� Grab samples to be taken only at the inlets to the STPs.
� Tests to be conducted according to Standard Method and HACH Method at the Environmental Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering UiTM Shah Alam.
Loads
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
UiTM Shah Alam.
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Loads
No. Parameter Part Standard Method/HACH Method
1. Solids Part 2000 – Physical and Aggregate Properties
Standard Method2540 D. Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103o-105oC
2. Total Phosphorus (TP)
Method 8048 HACH MethodPhos Ver 3 (Ascorbic Acid) Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/L)
3. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Part 5000 – Aggregate Organic Constituents
Standard Method5210 B. 5-Day BOD Test
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Demand (BOD) Constituents 5210 B. 5-Day BOD Test
4. Total Nitrogen (TN) Method 10071 HACH MethodPersulfate Digestion Method (0.5 to 25.0 mg/L)
5. Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN)
Method 8038 HACH MethodNessler Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/L)
6. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Part 5000: Aggregate Organic Constituents
Standard MethodPart 5220: Reactor Digestion Method
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Connected Properties Actual Population Equivalent, PE
Seroja 1 356
Seroja 2 524
�Chancellery STP
�Design PE = 2500
5. RESULTS
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Seroja 2 524
Seroja 3 338
Seroja Management 14
Chancellery Building 44.6
Total 1276.6
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMChancellery STP - flow
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Chancellery STP – loads
PARAMETERACTUALVALUES
(mg/l)
DESIGN VALUES
(mg/l)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 93.1 250
Suspended Solid (SS) 90 300
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 405 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 22.5 50
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ( AMN ) 20.97 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.86 10
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Chancellery STP
�Flow per Capita
� PE = 1276.6 (only 51% of capacity, design = 2500 PE )
� Average Flow = 205.5 m 3/day (from graph)
� Flow per capita = 0.161 m 3/PE/day (lower, compared to 0.225 in the standards)
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
�Loads
� All actual concentrations are lower than the standa rds.
� SS has highest deviation (only 30% of standards), followed by BOD (37%), TN (45%), TP (47%), AMN (70% ) and COD (81%).
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Mawar College
Location Actual Population Equivalent, (PE)
Kolej Mawar 3400.4
Kolej Melati 3328.6
�Design PE = 8000
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Kolej Melati 3328.6
Menara Sains & Teknologi 1808
Dataran Cendekia 3
Total actual population equivalent (PE) 8540
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMMawar STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Mawar STP – loads
Parameter Actual values (mg/L) Design values (mg/L) (SPAN, 2009)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
168 250
Suspended Solids (SS) 144 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand 243 500
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
243 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 30 50
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN)
22.05 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.86 10
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Mawar STP
�Flow per Capita
� PE = 8540 (slightly over 0.4%, design = 8500 PE)
� Average Flow = 1530.3 m 3/day (from graph)
� Flow per capita = 0.179 m 3/PE/day (lower, compared to 0.225 in the standards)
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
�Loads
� All actual concentrations are lower than the standa rds.
� SS has highest deviation (only 48% of standards), followed by TP (49%), COD (49%), TN (60%), BOD (67% ) and AMN (73%).
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
ROTU
Connected Properties Actual Population Equivalent, PE
Kenanga College 517.9
Perindu College 1304.2
�Design PE = 1500
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SUKSIS 5.1
Block Cempaka 444.3
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Tower 1080.9
Total 3352.4
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAMROTU STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
ROTU STP – loads
Parameter Actual Influent Values (mg/l)
Design Influent Values (mg/l)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
89.4 250
Suspended Solids (SS) 153 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
141.3 500
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen (TN) 30.3 50
Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN)
18.9 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.96 10
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
ROTU STP
�Flow per Capita
� PE = 3352.4 (223% loaded, design = 1500 PE)
� Average Flow = 2862.9 m 3/day (from graph)
� Flow per capita = 0.854 m 3/PE/day (higher, compared to 0.225 in the standards)
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
�Loads
� All actual concentrations are lower than the standa rds.
� COD has highest deviation (only 28% of standards), followed by BOD (36%), TP (50%), SS (51%), TN (61%) and AMN (63%).
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
�PE survey shows:
� Chancellery STP only 51% loaded – newest STP.
� Mawar STP has 100.4% loading.
� ROTU STP operating at 223% loading – oldest STP –
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
� ROTU STP operating at 223% loading – oldest STP –need to be upgraded.
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Flow per capita
�Flow per capita:
� Chancellery & Mawar lower than standards
Flow per capita (m3/PE/day)
0.6
0.8
1
Flo
w p
er c
apita
/P
E/d
ay)
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
standards
� ROTU higher than standards 0
0.2
0.4
Chancellery Mawar ROTU
STP
Flo
w p
er c
apita
(m
3 /PE
/day
)
MS 1228-1991
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Loads
All parameters for all STP lower than standards
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Load
(m
g/L
)
Chancellery Influent Values (mg/l)
Mawar Influent Values (mg/l)
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
0
50
100
150
200
BiochemicalOxygenDemand(BOD5)
SuspendedSolids (SS)
ChemicalOxygen
Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen(TN)
Ammoniacalnitrogen (AMN)
TotalPhosphorus
(TP)
Parameters
Load
(m
g/L
)
ROTU Influent Values (mg/l)
Design Influent Values (mg/l)
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,
2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013
Top Related