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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential
WCDMA RNP&RNO Conspectus
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 2
Main Topics WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 3
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning
WCDMA Nominal Planning
WCDMA Final Design
WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 4
RNP Definition : According to deployment and evolution requirements, as well as cost-effectiveness consideration, generate the amount of Network Elements (NE), NE configuration, and Transmission design between different NE.
Network Planning Scope :Core network : focus on CN element dimension and configuration.Radio network : focus on RAN element dimension and configurationTransmission network :
focus on link dimension and
configuration between network elements. RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
Definition & Scope
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WCDMA network planning solution
WCDMA Radio network planning (NodeB/RNC) WCDMA Transmission network planning (Iu/Iur/Iub) WCDMA Core network planning (CS/PS domain) WCDMA RNP tools development
U-NetU-NetHuawei
Network KPI
Pilot pollution
Soft-handover ratio and probability
Access probability of
different services
Best Server Distribution
CE dimension
Estimation result
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 6
Objectives of network planning
The RF Design of wireless system revolves four The RF Design of wireless system revolves four main principles. These principles are main principles. These principles are CoverageCoverage, , CapacityCapacity, , Quality and CostQuality and Cost. And further, adapt to . And further, adapt to the future network development and expansion.the future network development and expansion.
The RF Design of wireless system revolves four The RF Design of wireless system revolves four main principles. These principles are main principles. These principles are CoverageCoverage, , CapacityCapacity, , Quality and CostQuality and Cost. And further, adapt to . And further, adapt to the future network development and expansion.the future network development and expansion.
CoverageCoverage QualityQuality CostCostCapacityCapacity
Realization of excellent balance of all aspects via network planning
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Realize 1×1 frequency reuse
The capacity per WCDMA cell is “soft”
for it is related to environment and
neighbor cell interference.
Supports multiple services with
different speed rate and QoS, and each
service has different coverage range.
Adopts cellular network structure
and frequency planning to guarantee
intra/inter-frequency interference
Users supported can be calculated from carriers and timeslots if the interference meets the requirements.Provides voice service
Difference between WCDMA and GSM
GSM WCDMA
64K 12.2K144K384K
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WCDMA RNP procedure overview
Capacity
Quality Coverage
Interference
Final design
preparation
Dimensioning Nominal Planning
Site survey
Deployment
Detailed planning& pre-optimization
Preliminary design
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WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning
WCDMA Preliminary Design
WCDMA Cell Planning
CONTENTS
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Input & Output
Coverage related
Coverage area
Coverage
probability
Capacity related
Traffic model
Service model
User density
Quality related
QoS requirements
GoS requirements
Demodulation
threshold
System
dimensioning
Number of sites
System
configuration
Sector structure
Number of carriers
Cost on network
construction
Site cost
Equipment cost
Input Output
Coverage design
Capacity design
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Receiver Sensitivity PDCH_Max
Minimum Required Signal Strength EiRP PUE_Max
• Slow Fading Margin• Penetration Loss
TX RX
Duplexer
Antenna
UE
PL_DL
PL_UL
• Body Loss• Interference Margin • Fast Fading Margin• Margin for Background Noise
TX RX
Duplexer
Cable
Antenna
Node B
• Interference Margin• Fast Fading Margin• Margin for Background Noise
Soft Handover Area
• SHO Gain
WCDMA Link Budget
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 12
Network Dimension flow chart
覆盖目标地区信息DU ??km^2U ?? km^2SU ??km^2RA ??km^2HW ??km
Geographical information
DU km2
U km2
SU km2
RA km2
HW km2
预设小区负载
Adjust UL loading Downwards
根据上行负载计算得到特定环境下小
区覆盖范围
UL cell range with specific UL loading
Service-specific Information Service Type, Proportion Service DensityService Forecast
特定环境下小区上下行负载
DL Loading in specificcircumstances小区范围
Cell Range
Y (Capacity-limited)
适用传播模型COST231-HATA,.. .
Applicable Propagation ModelCOST231-HATA, ...
是否达到最大允许配If the upper limitof configuration
be reached
Large than 基站配置
Less than (Coverage-limited)
Shrink the Cell
Cell Loading vs. Maximum Allowable Value
N
Add the amount of configuration (sectorization, carriers,...)
Equal to
SiteConfiguration
Cell Range
Number of Site
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 13
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning
WCDMA Nominal Planning
WCDMA Final Design
CONTENTS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 14
Nominal PlanningNominal Planning Based on the result of network dimension, preliminary design pr
esent Information of theoretical sites including following : Site coordinates. Engineering parameters such as Antenna height, azimuths and tilts. Radio parameters such as scrambling code ,transmit power of differe
nt channels , etc.
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Preliminary design flow chart
Radio Network
Dimensioning
Di mensi oni ng Report
Contract
Initial sites choosing
System simulation
TargetSize
Phase No.
Available sites information
Site adjustment?
Y
N
Bidding Document
Sites importingPropagation
model
Nominal planning report(Including: search ring and
Theoretical site specification)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 16
About simulation Unlike GSM network, in CDMA coverage and capacity are too inter-related t
o be predicted accurately, so we introduced Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the performance of a radio network.
Ec 、 Ec/Io 、 pilot pollution distribution Soft (softer) handover area analysis UE transmit power Eb/No, access successful rate of each service ……
Monte Carlo is a static simulation
During Monte Carlo simulation, the performance of the network is analyzed over various instances in time (snapshot), where UEs are in statistically determined places with the given traffic model. The ability of each terminal to make its connection to the network is calculated through an iterative process.
WCDMA simulation
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Setup Setup networknetworkDesignDesign
Run PilotRun PilotField Field
StrengthStrengthPredictionPrediction
PilotPilotLevelLevelOK?OK?
TrafficTrafficForecastForecastAvail?Avail?
Run UMTSRun UMTSTrafficTraffic
simulationsimulation
Setup fixedSetup fixedLoad valuesLoad values
Make predictionsMake predictions(Services)(Services)
PerformancePerformanceRequirementsRequirements
Fulfilled?Fulfilled?
Neighbors planning&Neighbors planning&Scrambling code Scrambling code
allocationallocation
RNP Input & RNP Input & EquipmentEquipment
configurationconfiguration
Neighborhood Neighborhood planning criteriaplanning criteria
Scrambling code Scrambling code allocation criteriaallocation criteria
OutputOutputparametersparameters
YESYESNONO
YESYES
NONO
YESYES
NONO
Traffic modelTraffic modelSimulation flow-chart
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Simulation output Simulation output :
Pilot coverage (Ec, Ec/Io) in the target areas
Best server plot Coverage probability distribution of eac
h service Access failure distribution and statistic
of each service Continuous coverage areas of each serv
ice Cell load distribution of downlink and u
plink Pilot pollution distribution Soft handover areas statistic of each ser
vice
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Preliminary design output
Project background introduction
Target areas information such as population, district division etc.
Radio network solution: sites distribution plot, sites list etc.
Performance summary based on the simulation result.
Annex: simulation output
In preliminary design stage, we choose initial sites, do network performance
simulation, conduct adjustment according to the simulation result, until
finally we get all performance requirements fulfilled, then we can output the
<<XX project WCDMA Radio Network preliminary design Report>> with
following contents:
In preliminary design stage, we choose initial sites, do network performance
simulation, conduct adjustment according to the simulation result, until
finally we get all performance requirements fulfilled, then we can output the
<<XX project WCDMA Radio Network preliminary design Report>> with
following contents:
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 20
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning
WCDMA Nominal Planning
WCDMA Final Design
CONTENTS
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Final Design flow-chart
Site list
Radio network preliminary plan
report
New site or not
2G site or not
Output SearchRings
Identify theoretical site
Confirm site conditions
or not
Site survey report
Meet site requirements
or not
Yes
Site survey
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Noise test Noise test report
Based on the preliminary design report,
we conduct more detailed cell planning.
Based on the preliminary design report,
we conduct more detailed cell planning.
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For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in this phase
through following steps:
Define search areas
Site ranking
Identify candidate sites
Site acquisition
Site Survey
A suitable physical site Give adequate radio coverage. Have connectivity into the transmission network. Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community. Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.
A3rd
D1st
C2nd B - Unsuitable
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Site Survey report The surveyor will prepare a report listing the options,
and following items will included in the report:
Accurate grid reference.
Accurate height of structures or available antenna windows.
Photographs of the site.
360º panoramic photos from site or if obstructed from nearby
location/structure.
From site survey report, RNP engineers can derive appropriate site location, antenna type,
height, azimuth, down tilt, etc.
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Verification by system simulation
It is an iterative process to verify the final design until all the requirements are fulfilled
Coverage prediction
RNP Planningresults
Are Requirements Fulfilled?
Traffic distribution System simulation
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 25
WCDMA RNP output
LAC, RAC, SAC Plan
Neighbor relation plan (intra-frequency, inter-
frequency, and inter-system)
Frequency plan
Scrambling code plan
Power allocation for each channel
Handover parameters
Access control parameters
Other radio parameters
After performance verification by simulation, we produce <<XX project RN
P report>> with more detailed contents. In order to guide the project imple
mentation, the report should also include following items :
After performance verification by simulation, we produce <<XX project RN
P report>> with more detailed contents. In order to guide the project imple
mentation, the report should also include following items :
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 26
WCDMA RNP summary
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Main Topics WCDMA RNP Principles and
Procedures
WCDMA RNO Principles and
Procedures
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WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 29
To enhance network performance--- e.g. coverage/accessibility/mobility …
To resolve specific issues--- e.g. interference/coverage …
To improve subscribers’ QoE--- e.g. service quality/drop calls…
To enhance network stability--- e.g. traffic increase/upgrade…
Network Optimization TargetNetwork Optimization Target
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Construction phase
Troubleshooting
Booming phasePotential Seeking
Mature phaseBalancing
Time
Su
bs.
Nu
mb
er
RF plan review
Single site verification
Pre-launch optimization
KPI analysis
ComplaintsDT & CQT
Pro
ble
m
analy
sis
and
reso
luti
on
Customized and differentiated
services
Billing strategies
Drop call
Congestion
Poor quality
Access failure
……
•RF adjustment•Para. adjustment
•Maintenance and upgrade
•Network expansion
•…….
Investment Return
Commercial launch
Optimization throughout Life Cycle
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 31
Network Optimization Phases
RF optimization
Y
N
N
Y
Single site verification
80 % sites in the cluster ready?
Service test and parameter optimization
Routine drive test and stats. analysis
Acceptance criteria
satisfied?
New site integrated
Optimization preparation
Acceptance
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 32
Network Optimization PhasesNetwork Optimization Phases Single site verification
To verify the functionality of new sites
--- e.g. site installation, basic functions of
the cell RF optimization To control interference & pilot pollution To optimize coverage & 3G neighbor lists
Services test & para.
optimization To evaluate network performance To optimize network parameters
Regular route testing & stats.
analysis To monitor & evaluate network
performance To identify & solve new network issues
--- e.g. issues caused by traffic increase
Prepara
tion
Phase
1
Phase
2
Phase
3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 33
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 34
Site Verification Target To verify cell coverage
CPICH RSCP
To investigate interference NodeB RTWP & CPICH Ec/Io
To verify site installation e.g. PA/antenna/feeders issues
To check service function CS call & PS attach/detach
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 35
Site Verification Items Cell basic information confirm
Item: frequency, SC, LAC/RAC
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: basic parameters check
Cell coverage verification
Item: CPICH RSCP
Tool: engineering UE or scanner
Purpose: identify equipment issues
--- e.g. PA, antenna, feeder connection,
etc
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 36
Site Verification Items Cell interference investigation
Item: NodeB RTWP, CPICH Ec/Io
Tool: NodeB LMT, engineering UE or
scanner
Purpose: UL/DL interference investigation
Service function verification Item: voice (MO/MT), VP (MO/MT)
PS attach/detach, PDP activation
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: CS/PS service function check
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 37
An example Check list
Example: Site Verification Checklist
□ □
Single Site Verification Checklist
Site expanded from:Site migrated from RNC:
New site Expansion
Site Connected to RNC:
Idle mode
Note: If the item is OK, mark the "□" before it by "√" ; otherwise, mark the"□" by "√". If the item is not check, mark the "□" before it by "/".
HSDPA □10 Normal function to access HSDPA □ □
□□ □ □
□□ □ □ □
□
Migration Others
□
□ □
New Site:Site Expansion:
Reminder
Mapinfo Update □Data Base Update □
To:To RNC:
□ □ □
Site Name:
Remarks
□
□
CPICH_RSCP > –75 dBm near site
□
□ □□
Coverage DT 9 Check by DT whether the overall quality of service and coverage areas have reached the planned target□
Connected mode
□
□6
□
Mobile originated and terminated calls of VP service8 Connection of PS services
□ □
Mobile originated and terminated calls of voice services7
□CPICH_EcIo > –8 dB near site
□ □
□ □□ □ □
Site ID:
□No. Activity/Process
Site MigrationOthers
□ □
3 LAC/RAC data configuration
1
4
2 Scramble configurationFrequency configuration
5
Remarks (further explanation):
2-Name/Designation: Signature: Date:
Reviewed by:
1-Name/Designation: Signature: Date:
X
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 38
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 39
RF Optimization TargetRF Optimization Target
To optimize coverage
To minimize pilot pollution
To optimize cell dominance
To optimize neighbor cell list
To resolve RF-related drop
calls
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 40
RF Optimization Procedure Drive testDrive test
Identify RF issuesIdentify RF issues
Identify candidate cells for changes
Identify candidate cells for changes
Identify nature of required changes
Identify nature of required changes
Determine amount of changes
Determine amount of changes
Implement changesImplement changes
Repeat drive testRepeat drive test
FinishedFinished
NProblem resolved?Problem resolved?
Y
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 41
RF Parameters Optimization Engineering parameters
adjustment To adjust antenna down tilt
To adjust antenna azimuth
To adjust antenna location
To adjust antenna height
To replace antenna
To replace site
To add new cell
Radio part parameters
adjustment To optimize neighbor cell list
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 42
CPICH Coverage Optimization
Ways to optimize:(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or
tilt;(2)Increase ant. height;(3)Replace high-gain
antenna;(4)Add new cells;
Ways to optimize:(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or
tilt;(2)Decrease ant. height;(3)Adjust CPICH power
Ways to optimize:(1)UL or DL coverage
limited?(2)Optimize UL or DL
interference
Poor coverage cells
Over shooting cells
UL & DL coverage
imbalance
CPICH coverage analysis:
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Poor Coverage: Example
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 44
Cell Dominance Optimization
Cells with no dominance at all
To indicate the site not radiating
or to indicate antennas blocking
Cells with excessive or poor
dominance
Due to non-optimum antenna tilts
or due to a high site
Areas of non-dominance
Due to no a single clear dominant cell
Cell dominance analysis:
Site visit needed
(1) Frequent soft HO(2) Interference to
adjacent cells
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Poor Cell Dominance: Example
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 46
Pilot Pollution MinimizationPilot Pollution Minimization
-62 -64 -66 -68 -69
-81
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6
RSCP
(dBm
)
Active Set Pilot Pollution
Margin
NotPilot Pollution
Ways to optimize:
(1) Antenna adjustment
(e.g. azimuth or down tilt)
(2) Pilot power optimization
SHO candidates (A)
Active set size (B)
If A>B, pilot pollution exists
Pilot pollution definition: Pilot pollution will result in:
(1) low signal quality(2) decreased system
capacity(3) Call drops easier
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Pilot Pollution: ExamplePilot Pollution: Example
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 48
Neighbor Cell List OptimizationNeighbor Cell List Optimization
Data collection: drive test
Data comparison: scanner, UE
How to optimize?
How to optimize neighbor cell List?
(1)Compare coverage difference b/w Scanner and UE
(2) Add missing neighbor cells(3) Remove useless neighbor
cells
Neighbor list classification: Intra-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-RAT neighbor cell list
Neighbor cell list influences:
(1) Service Handover (drop call)
(2) Cell Reselection
Drive test (service test): Drop calls during moving
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 49
RF-related Drop CallsRF-related Drop Calls
Poor coverage
High interference
Poor UL coverage
Poor dominance
Pilot pollution
Missing neighbors
Problems
Fast change of RF conditions usually causes drop calls, e.g. turning a corner.
Poor RSCP & Ec/Io
Poor Ec/Io or RTWP
UE max Tx power
many SHO events
many cells present
Appearance
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Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 51
Para. Optimization TargetPara. Optimization Target
To reduce access failures
To reduce drop calls
To enhance service quality
Para. optimization is an important
step after RF
optimization
Service quality and network resources utilization
will be improved after para. optimization
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Parameters to be OptimizedParameters to be Optimized
CCCH power allocation para. RL maximum power para. Cell re-selection para. Intra-freq. handover para. Inter-RAT handover para. Power control para. Access power para. Other related para.
The influence caused by the cell parameters adjustment should be analyzed carefully.
Seldom adjusted
An effective way to reduce drop
calls
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 53
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 54
Regular Drive Testing Target To get benchmark of the
performance of the network and
users’ experience
To monitor the progress of on-going
optimisation activities
To validate new features of the RAN
To identify degradation in coverage
and/or increase in interference
call setup SR, call drop rate, PS
throughputs
As a result of increased traffic or changes in environment
Routine drive tests should be carried out (e.g. on monthly)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 55
Routine Stats. Analysis Target
To benchmark network performance To monitor traffic volumes & patterns To assess impact of parameter
changes
To identify poorly performing cells
To provide triggers for network
upgrade decisions
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 56
KPI Analysis: RRC Connection setup SR
Main reasons for failed RRC connection setups:
(1) poor coverage; (2) low FACH power
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 57
KPI Analysis: CS RAB setup SR
Possible reasons for RAB Setup failures: (1) poor coverage; (2) no enough
resource
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 58
KPI Analysis: CS Drop CallsTypical reasons for drop calls: (1) poor coverage (e.g. SRB/TRB
reset); (2) Strong UL/DL interference (3) Insufficient handover area
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KPI Analysis: Inter-RAT HO SR
Data discrepancies between 3G network and 2G network have direct impact on inter-RAT HO SR.
e.g. BSIC wrong configured
in 3G network
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 60
MSC/SSP/VLR
HLR/AC
GMSC/SSP
PSTNPLMNISDN
iManagerTM M2000
GENEX Nastar
GENEX Assistant
GENEX Probe
CN
Node B
Node B
Node B
RNC
RNC
Node B
Node B
Node BRNS
RNS
GENEX Probe
AGILENT
QUALCOMM
HUAWEI RNC
Professional Optimization Professional Optimization ToolsTools
Performance/alarms
/configurations/
engineering para.Capture test data
Ana
lysi
s R
esul
t sh
arin
g
RNC measurement report
RAN auto configuration console
Parameter optimization
file distribution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 61
Summary
UMTS Network Optimization
To provide a more competitive
network for Operator
To provide better quality of
experience for Subscribers
Trade-off between optimized coverage,
capacity, quality
Ongoing optimization across network life
cycle
Thank youwww.huawei.com
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