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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
By:Miduk Aritonang
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
2. CRISTAL STRUCTURE OF IRONS:
Face Centred Cubic (FCC)
- Stable structure above about 900oC
- Atom volume is about74 %
- Coordination num. is 12
- Known asAustenite
- Low Strength, Ductile, High
Toughness
- Non Magnetic
- Aluminium, Nickel, etc
Body Centred Cubic (BCC)- Stable structure below about 700oC
- Atom volume is about68 %
- Coordination num. is 8
- Known asFerrite
- High Strength, Brittle, Low Toughness
- Magnetic
- Iron, Chromium, Vanadium, Molybdenum,Tungsten, etc
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
3. TESTING OF MATERIAL
- Hardness Test Hardness measurement of material towarda deformation (plastic deformation or permanent
defomation)
Type of Hardness Test:- Scratch Hardness- Identation Hardness- Dynamic Hardness
Type of Identation Hardness Test:- Brinell Hardness by J.A. Brinell (1900), using steel ball.
- Vickers Hardness
using diamond pyramid- Rockwell Hardness using cone pyramid
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
- Tensile Test
F
F
"T b f SUCCESS b h b f VALUE"
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
- Impact Test
"T t t b f SUCCESS b t th t t b f VALUE"
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
- Non Destructive Test To detect a defect or crack/fracture at inside or surface
material without demage a material.
Visual Method Liquid Penetrant Method Magnetic Particle Method Ultrasonic Method Radiografy Method Eddy Current Method
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Visual Method Visual monitoring or using optic device (fiberscope, boroscope, etc)with min. of enlargement is 5x
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Liquid Penetrant Method Using Fluorescant Penetrant
Crack
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Ultrasonic Method Using Piezo Electric that can be convert the electric energy (current)to mechanical energy (wave) & the other hand, and called as Probe.
Function of Probe device are as Transmitter and also Receiver
Plate
crack
0 2 4 6 8 10
Initialpulse
Crackecho
Back surfaceecho
Oscilloscope or FlawDetector Screen
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Radiografy Method
Specimen
Defect
Film
Film (Top View)
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y , y
BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
NDT Inspection LevelASNT SNT TC Level I :
Techniciansqualified to perform only specific calibrations and tests under close supervision anddirection by higher level personnel
Can only report test results
Normally they work following specific work instructions for testing procedures and rejectioncriteria.
ASNT SNT TC Level I I:
Engineers or experienced technicianswho are able to set up and calibrate testing equipment,conduct the inspection according to codes and standards (instead of following work instructions)and compile work instructions for Level 1 technicians
Have authorize to report, interpret, evaluate and document testing results
Must be familiar with applicable codes and standards and have some knowledge of themanufacture and service of tested products
ASNT SNT TC Level I I I:
Specialized engineers or very experienced technicians. They can establish NDT techniques andprocedures and interpret codes and standards
Conducts directly NDT laboratories and have central role in personnel certification
Have wider knowledge covering materials, fabrication and product technology.
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
SEAMLESS WELDED
Longitudinal Welded Pipe
Spiral Welded Pipe
Seamless Pipe Manufacture
Welded
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED (ERW) PIPE
ERW Pipe FailureERW Pipe Manufacture
Lowest Cost
ERW type only that still be producted by domestic pipe manufacture ERW type mostly producted for small diameter pipe, up to 30 ERW type for small wall thickness & Seamless type for heavy wall thickness
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Reducer:
Concentric Reducer Eccentric Reducer
WeldoletNipoletThreadolet
Sockolet
Nipple:
Concentric Nipple Eccentric Nipple
Outlet Fitting (Olet):
Nipolet Weldolet
Threadolet Sockolet
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Cap:
Plug:
Union:
Nipple:
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
8. GASKET & RING MATERIAL
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11 SPECIAL ITEMS MATERIAL
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
11. SPECIAL ITEMS MATERIAL
Strainer :
Barred Tee :
Flame Arrestor :
Chemical Injection :
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12 WELDING
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
12. WELDING
Single sided
Double sided
Butt Weld: Fillet Weld:
Single sided
Double sided
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
- Structure Welding AWS
- Pressure Parts Welding ASME Section IX
- Pipeline Welding API 1104
International Standards for Welding:
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AWS Specification:
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
AWS Specification:
- Electrodes enumeration:
EABC D EE = electrode
ABC = tensile strength (psi)D = positionE = power supply
ex: E 07010E = arc welding electrode070 = 70,000 psi1 = all position welding0 = DC+
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14. STAINLESS STEEL FAMILY
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
14. STAINLESS STEEL FAMILY
Grade UNS No. Family
Cr Ni Mo N C (max) Other PRE No.Yield
StrengthTensileStrength
% % % % % % %MPa(min)b
MPa(min)b
420 S42000 Martensitic 13
0.15
(min) 13.00 1480 1720
430 S43000 Ferritic 17 0.12 17.00 205 450
304 S30400 Austenitic 18 8 - 9 0.04 - 0.1 18.00 205 515
304L S30403 Austenitic 18 8 - 9
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15 ALLOY 825 (INCOLOY 825)
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
15a. ALLOY 825 (INCOLOY 825)
Composition42% Ni, 21.5% Cr, 3% Mo, 2% Cu, Fe
Benefits
Lower cost Nickel alloy
Good H2S / CO2 resistance
Welding / fabrication
Limitations
Low yield strength
Low PREN (~28)
Not sea water resistant
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16 RAW MATERIAL COST GUIDE
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BASIC OF PIPING MATERIAL
Carbon Steel 1
Austenitic Stainless Steels (type 304/304L, 316/316 L) 6
Super Austenitic Stainless Steels 12-20
22%Cr - Duplex SS 6
25%Cr - Super Duplex SS 12
Alloy 825 (Incoloy) 18
Alloy 625 (Inconel) 35
16. RAW MATERIAL COST GUIDE
As a banchmark
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