General Powerful Public Speaker Had huge following among Romes
poor
Slide 4
60 BC- 1 st Triumvirate rule of three (Caesar, Pompey
[PAHM-pee], and Crassus)a political alliance 59 BCCaesar became
consul Knew that he could not win power without a loyal army Took a
special military command10 years Later, he brought Gaul (France)
under Roman rule
Slide 5
Meanwhile, Crassus died in battle in 53 BC. Pompey made sole
consul in 52 BC. Pompey jealous of Caesars rising fame, he ordered
Caesar home without his army. Instead, Caesar and HIS army march on
Rome.
Slide 6
49 BCCaesar declared war on the republic- Jan. 10 th Pompey and
his followers fled to Greece, where Caesar defeated him and then
marched into Egypt. He put Cleopatra (daughter of the ruling
family) on the throne as a Roman ally. 46 BCreturns to Rome
triumphantly
Slide 7
44 BC declared Dictator for Life Caesar increased the Senate to
900 members but reduced it power. Many senators, fearing Caesars
ambition and popularity, formed a conspiracy against him.
Slide 8
On March 15the Ides of March44 BC, the conspirators killed
Caesar in the Senate. Two were men that Caesar considered friends:
Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus.
Slide 9
Note: Caesar had chosen his grandnephew, Octavian, as his heir.
A struggle for power, however broke out after Caesars death.
Slide 10
19 years old when Julius Caesar was murdered Formed the 2 nd
Triumviraterule of three (Octavian, Antonyalong with Lepidus,
Caesars second-in-command)
Slide 11
Marc Antony led an army east, reconquering Syria and Asia Minor
from the armies of Brutus and Cassius. Then he joined his ally
Cleopatra in Egypt. Meanwhile, Octavian forced Lepidus to
retire.
Slide 12
Antony and Octavian divide the Roman world. Antony took the
east, and Octavian the west. In time, Octavian persuaded the Senate
to declare war on Antony and Cleopatra.
Slide 13
31 BCnaval battle at Actium, Greece, Octavian defeats their
fleet. .
Slide 14
30 BCOctavian captured Alexandria, Egypt. Antony and Cleopatra
committed suicide.
Slide 15
Senate declared Octavian consulto avoid Julius Caesars
fateOctavian did not present himself as king or emperor. Instead,
he called himself princeps, or first citizen. 27 BCthe Senate gave
Octavian the title, Augustus, or the revered one.
Slide 16
27 BCthe Senate gave Octavian the title, Augustus, or the
revered one.
Slide 17
Historians refer to him as the first Roman emperor Because the
Roman Republic became the Roman Empire under his reign.
Slide 18
Under his rule, the empire stretched from Spain in the west to
Syria to the east, and from Egypt and the Sahara in the south to
the Rhine and Danube in the north.
Slide 19
The reign of Augustus, known as Pax Romana or Roman Peacelasted
for 200+ years
Slide 20
The political system that Augustus createdreduced the powers of
the Senate, Assemblies, & Magistrates AD 14 Augustus died death
unspecified