Chapter 17 Section 3
Protestant Reformation
Indulgences Lutheran Theocracy Protestant
Peace of Augsburg Henry VIII Annul Anglican
Gained power and wealth
Influence, worldliness, and extravagance
Strayed from its spiritual roots
Protestant Reformation- a protest movement against the Catholic church
Financial corruption Abuse of power Immorality Church taxed
people for renaissance projects
1500’s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint Peter’s Basiclica
Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce a person’s time in purgatory
Thousand years people believed you worked off your sins in purgatoryIndulgences – one of the most criticized activities
Nationalism or devotion to a particular country was growing
People thought of themselves as citizens, separate from the church
John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up its worldly possessions
Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church
Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII
Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake
First influential theologians to openly criticize the church
Selling indulgences was sinful
Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of the church
Luther’s theses were for church leaders
Written in Latin and nailed to a church door
His actions began the Reformation(religious movement)
Not meant to be discussed at universities
Printing press helped them to spread throughout Europe
Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople
Made sense to many people and they wanted reform
Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs
God’s grace can not be won by good works
Also need faith Jesus was the head
of the Christian church not the pope
Christians should interpret the Bible
Christian practices should come from the bible
Translated the Bible into German
More people could read it without the aid of the clergy
1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him
1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy Roman Emperoro Charles IVo German Diet o City of Wormso Luther refused to
change his opinions
Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings
Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his ideas
1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of Christianity
1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans
Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio or protest
Term protestant came into being
Luther stood against the Catholic Church
Opened the door to other religions
Lutheranism arose in Germany
Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe
22 year old priest Established a church
in Switzerland based on theocracy
Theocracy-government in which church and state are joined
Martin Luther opposed this
Luther accused him of tampering with the word of God
Swiss Protestants could not win Luther’s support
Catholics and Swiss Protestants fought
Zwingli died in battle
Next most important Protestant reformer
1509 born in France Supported Luther’s
reforms Predestination-God
knows who will be saved even before they are born
God guides their lives
Nothing they can do good or bad to change that
Calvinism took root in Switzerland
Viewed people as sinful by nature
Strict laws put in place to regulate behavioro Geneva- church
attendance was mandatory
o Number and courses of meals
o Color of clothingo Feasting, dancing,
singing , wearing jewelry were forbidden
Strictness- heart of Calvinists appeal
Sense of mission and discipline
Making world fit for the elect
Elect were the chosen ones
John Knox-spokesman for reformation in Scotland
Replaced the Roman Catholic Church
Presbyterian denomination
Anabaptists- rebaptizing adults
Was a crime punishable by death at the time
Latter evolved into several religious factions(Amish, Mennonites)
King Henry VIII- 1509 became king at 17
Devout Catholic Wrote protests
against Luther’s ideas
1529 Henry’s wife had a girl, wanted a male heir
Thought girl would weaken England
Henry wanted the marriage annulled
Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid based on church laws
Pope offered several solutions did not grant annulment
Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree on it (Catherine’s cousin)
Henry fell in love with Bobelyn
Summoned by Henry Declaration that
England was no longer under authority of the pope
Changed rituals of the Church
Closed Catholic monasteries
Distributed much of the land to his nobles
Helped build more support for the split
1533 Henry and Bobelyn married
Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine annulled
Anne gave birth to a girl
Parliament passed the Act of Supremacyo Take oath to declare
Henry the “Supreme head of the Church of England”
Split with Rome complete
Henry VIII had six wiveso Edward VI the male
heiro King at 9o Died before 16o Sister becomes
queen Mary returned to
authority of the pope
Hundreds of people burned at the stake
Called Bloody Mary Little sorrow for
Mary’s death Elizabeth I was
protestant Draft Supremacy
Act of 1559
Split England from Rome
Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new queen
Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic
Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of England or the Anglican
Elizabeth brought religious peace
Protestant Priests could marry
1500’s began thinking of building an American Empire
Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen