Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Early Life • On January 5, 1928 Bhutto was born to a renowned Sindhi

family of landlords• He was the third child of Shahnawaz Bhutto and Khursheed

Begum• He completed his early education from Bombay’s Cathedral

High School • In 1947, he joined the University of Southern California to

study political science, later on he went to The University of Oxford and studied Law there

• After receiving the degree of LLB, he was called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn in the year 1953

• Married to Shireen Amir Begum in 1943, and Nusrat Asphani in 1951

• His first child Benazir Bhutto was born in 1953. After her, Murtaza Sanam and Shahzawaz Bhutto were born.

Political Career• In 1957, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the youngest member of

Pakistan’s delegation of the United Nations.• As his father was politically very active so he learned political

affairs from very early age• In 1958, he became Pakistan’s youngest cabinet minister as he

was assigned the minister of Water and Power• He was then given the ministry of Commerce, Communication

and industry• He was close and trustworthy to Ayub Khan• In 1963, Bhutto became the Foreign Minister• He was the one who initiated friendly relations with China

• He soon became popular due to his rising power and style of leading the Foreign Ministry

• After Tashkent Agreement , he left Ayub Khan and resigned in 1966

• Founded Pakistan People’s Party in 1967• Contested elections in 1970 and won majority in West

Pakistan• Took over from Yahya khan in 1971 , became first civilian Chief

Minister Law Administrator• But Bangladesh also disintegrated during his period

Facts about Bhutto

• He was Nationalist and Socialist and had Democratic point of view

• He was an aggressive leader• He became very popular in public• During his period Pakistan initiated friendly relations with

China, Germany , Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and other countries • He also initiated Geo-strategic and foreign policies towards

India

Bhutto’s Reforms

• Domestic reforms• Higher Education reforms• Foreign reforms• Land reforms• Economic reforms • Labor reforms

Nuclear Programs

• He had this idea first time in 1958 during his Political Science studies

• Initiated nuclear program in 1965• Appointed Dr. Abdus Salam in 1965• He said “Even we have to eat grass, we will make nuclear

bomb. We have no other choice.”• Bhutto wasn’t lucky enough to make his dream come true but

he showed the nation a path to follow• Pakistan became atomic power on May 28 1998.

Islamic summits

• During his period Pakistan became friends with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Palestine and other Arab countries

• Second Islamic summit in 1974 also during the period of his power

• He also made many Islamic reforms in the constitution of 1973

Constitution

• Bhutto made constitutional reforms after division of Pakistan into two

• Pakistan’s first constitution in 1973 was introduced under his government

• He made strong democratic setup

Arrest and Trial

• Bhutto was dismissed by General Zia Ul Haq in 1977• Arrested and trialed for the murder of the father of Ahmed

Raza Kasuri• Controversy about Zia and courts at that time• Mushtaq Hussain appointment as a judge and Bhutto

sentenced to death in 1979• Bhutto was hanged in central Jail of Rawalpindi on April 4,

1979

Bhutto’s relation with America

• India carried out nuclear test near Pakistan’s eastern border• Bhutto’s lobbying for sanctions on India• America showed cold attitude• Bhutto’s determination for making Pakistan an atomic power• Exchange of harsh words between Bhutto and American

Secretary of State

Relation with Soviet Union

• Bhutto intensified Pakistan’s foreign policy towards more onto Movement of Non-Aligned Countries

• Visited Soviet Union• Collaboration on Pakistan Steel Mill• Access to warm water ports for Soviet Union• He was a big support to Soviet Union

Bhutto’s death and its effects on Cold War

• Bhutto’s execution, a big change in global politics• Soviet Union’s future without Bhutto’s support• Turning point in Cold War• Disintegration of Soviet Union• Emergence of America as Super Power

Analysis

• Bhutto’s independent policy• Dream of sovereign Pakistan• America’s opposition• Determination of Nuclear Program• Friendly relations with China and Russia• America’s role in bringing Zia in power

Bhutto’s Words

• I did not kill that man. My God is aware of it. I am big enough to admit if I had done it, that admission would have been less of an ordeal and humiliation than this barbarous trial which no self –respecting man can endure. I am a Muslim. A Muslim’s fate is in the hand’s of God Almighty. I can face Him with a clear conscience and tell Him that I rebuilt His Islamic state form ashes to a respectable Nation. I am entirely at peace with my conscience in this black hole of Kot Lakhpat. I am not afraid of death. You have seen that fires I have passed through it

Last word

• Bhutto still remained as a controversial and discussed figure• Credit of giving Pakistan’s first constitution• Belonging to a feudal family, still bringing labor friendly

policies• Even his critics praise him• Awarded the title “Shaheed Quaid e Awaam”• Most influential politician in history

May his soul rest in peace(Ameen)