Zoltan MAGYARThermal comfort • EN ISO 7730 –parmeters especially for HVAC systems design • 3...
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Transcript of Zoltan MAGYARThermal comfort • EN ISO 7730 –parmeters especially for HVAC systems design • 3...
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Content
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Indoor environmental factors• Thermal comfort or indoor climate
– Temperature, humidity, air velocity
• Visual or lighting quality– View, illuminance, luminance ratios, reflection,…
• Indoor air quality– odours, indoor air pollution, fresh air supply,…
• Acoustical quality– Outside and indoor noise and vibrations
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Factors Influencing Thermal
Comfort
• Human
– Metabolic Rate
– Clothing Insulation
• Space
– Air Temperature (Dry-Bulb)
– Relative Humidity
– Air Velocity
– Radiation (Mean Radiant Temperature)
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
PMV
PP
D
PMV and PPD index
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Thermal comfort
M - Metabolic Rate (m2.K/W)
1Met = 58,15 W/m2
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Thermal comfort
I - Clothing Insulation (m2.K/W)
1 clo=0,155m2.K/W
clo <0,5
0,6-1,2
>3,5
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Environmental indices
• Operative Temperature
where top = operative temperature
ta = air temperature
tr = mean radiant temperature (MRT)
hc = convective heat transfer coefficient
hr = mean radiative heat transfer coefficient
rc
rrc
hh
thth a
opt
±1°C ±1,5°C ±2,5°C±2°C
±3°C
±4°C
±5°C
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 Clo
Act
ivit
é [M
et]
.
35
60
85
110
135
160
Act
ivit
é [W
/m²]
.10°C12°C
14°C16°C
20°C18°C
22°C
24°C
26°C
28°C
Operative temperature
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1010
CSKLEEEH reswd
Comfort (Fanger) equation
1111
CSKLEEEH reswd
Comfort (Fanger) equation
1DuF
MH
vgbDud ptFE 3,2592,141,0
5049,0
Du
DuswF
HFE
ere pME 44027,0
ltML 340014,0
Internal heat production:
Heat loss through the skin (vapour diffusion, sweating)
Heat loss of respiration:
1212
WI
ttFK
cl
clb
Du
18,0163,0
WttfFS ksclclDu
448 2732731094,3
lclcclDu ttfFC
CSKLEEEH reswd
Heat transfer from the skin to the other surface of the
clothed body
Heat loss by radiation and convection from outer surface ot
the clothed body
Comfort (Fanger) equation
1313
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
PMV
PP
D
PMV and PPD index
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Comfort (Fanger) equation
FTm
pmwm
pwmwm
mPMV
a3070014.0
5867000017.015.5842.0
99.6573300305.0
028.0036.0exp303.0
FRwmT
vTTh
TThfTTfF
cl
acl
aclmrtcl
028.09.308
06.12;38.2max
1096.3
4/1
448
151515
Factors Influencing Thermal
Comfort
• Human
– Metabolic Rate
– Clothing Insulation
• Space
– Air Temperature (Dry-Bulb)
– Relative Humidity
– Air Velocity
– Radiation (Mean Radiant Temperature)
IEQ – criteria for classification
• Standard EN 15251
Indoor environmental input parameters fordesign and assessment of energy performance of buildings – addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics.
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EN 15251 Comfort Categories
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Thermal comfort
• EN ISO 7730 – parmeters especially for
HVAC systems design
• 3 cathegories of thermal comfort
according to PPD and PMV
PMV - predicted mean vote, PPD - predicted percentage of dissatisfied
Category of indoor thermal environment
Thermal state of the body as a whole
PPD PMV
A 6% 0,2 < PMV < + 0,2
B 10% 0,5 < PMV < + 0,5
C 15% 0,7 < PMV < + 0,7
Categories of thermal environment (EN ISO 7730)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
PMV
PP
D
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Indoor resultant (operative) temperature
Type of building,Space
Clothing, winter (clo)
Activity(met)
Category of indoor environment
Operative temperature, winter (°C)
Office 1,0 1,2
A 21,0 - 23,0
B 20,0 - 24,0
C 19,0 - 25,0
Open space office 1,0 1,2
A 21,0 - 23,0
B 20,0 - 24,0
C 19,0 - 25,0
Cafe,restaurant
1,0 1,2
A 21,0 - 23,0
B 20,0 - 24,0
C 19,0 - 25,0
Shopping center 1,0 1,6
A 17,5 - 20,5
B 16,0 - 22,0
C 15,0 - 23,0
Housing 1,0 1,2
A 21,0 - 23,0
B 20,0 - 24,0
C 19,0 - 25,0
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Operative temperature, EN 15251 (40/2012 BM)
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Suggested relative humidity values
VERT. TEMP. GRADIENT
DRAUGHTRADIANT ASYMMETRY
FLOOR TEMPERATURE
Local discomforts
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Local thermal discomfort
Radiant asymmetry
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Cold surfaces
Warm surfaces
Glazing
Poorly insulated exterior wall
Ceiling and / or underfloor cooling
Glazing (sun)
Ceiling and / or underfloor heating
Radiant heat emitter
(lighting, heating, etc ...)
Local thermal discomfort
Radiant asymmetry
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Radiant asymmetry - effect
ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals
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Vertical temperature gradient
ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals27
Floor temperature
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[Source: Ching & Adams (2003) Guide technique et pratique de la construction, p. 358]
The speed of air flow should be 0,05-0.25 m / s, a higher speed may
cause drafts
The colder the air
temperature is the slower
air velocity should be
Local thermal discomfort
Air velocity
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14,337,005,03462,0
TuvvtDR l
![arXiv:2007.02014v1 [cs.HC] 4 Jul 2020In the realm of thermal comfort, for exam-ple, two dominant models are in use. The first is the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) that models comfort](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/602e4330b4c0e747d9567ea2/arxiv200702014v1-cshc-4-jul-2020-in-the-realm-of-thermal-comfort-for-exam-ple.jpg)
