ZNE: Catch Me If You Can - cahp-pge.com Advanced Homes Program ZNE: Catch Me If You Can Countdown to...

California Advanced Homes Program

ZNE: Catch Me If You CanCountdown to 2020

Ritesh NayyarTRC Energy Services

December 5, 2017

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Sponsored by PG&E

These programs are funded by California utility customers and administered by PG&E under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission.

“PG&E” refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation.

© 2017 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved.

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Program Overview

California Advanced Homes Program (CAHP)• Energy Efficiency & Market-transformation program: intended capture

above code savings and to assist builders in overcoming the hurdles of the energy codes and to advance high performance design.

• Single family new construction in PG&E, SoCalGas, and SDG&E territory• Facilitates energy efficient design and construction through incentives and

design assistance• Supports builders, energy consultants, and HERS raters to move beyond

the current energy code

Program is funded under the auspices of the CPUC• Incentive levels and program requirements may be revised during the

program cycle

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Program Requirements

Homes must meet the following requirements:• Permit to 2016 Title 24 standards• Receive PG&E service• Be new construction• Be single family, duplex, or townhome• Meet energy performance

requirements

Energy consultants must: • Hold either a 2013 or a 2016

residential Certified Energy Analysist (CEA) certificate

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Agenda• Context of Code Change

- History of code- California’s big bold ZNE goals- Issues and challenges

• ZNE- Definition - Goals- Lessons Learned

• TDV- Definition- Changes in TDV from last code cycle

• 2019 Energy Code- Building standards overview- Major Changes in 2019 code

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How it All Started

• Warren-Alquist Act 1975

– Established the California Energy Commission

• What was happening in 1975?

– Watergate (1974)

– 10% inflation

– OPEC – gas shortages

– 55 mpg imposed to save gas

– Global recession

– Vietnam war ended

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Rosenfeld Curve: Per Capita Electricity Consumption in California and the U.S.

Between 1975 and Today

Impact of building standards on home energy use

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Big Bold Energy Efficiency Strategies

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All new residential

construction in California

will be ZNE by 2020

All new residential

construction in California

will be ZNE by 2020

All new commercial

construction will be ZNE by 2030

All new commercial

construction will be ZNE by 2030

50% of existing commercial

buildings will be retrofit to ZNE

by 2030

50% of existing commercial

buildings will be retrofit to ZNE

by 2030

All new & major renovations of state buildings

shall be ZNE 2025; 50% at

2020

All new & major renovations of state buildings

shall be ZNE 2025; 50% at

2020

Legislative Change

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AB 802: Statewide building

energy use benchmarking & disclosure

AB 802: Statewide building

energy use benchmarking & disclosure

SB 350: By 2030… Renewable Portfolio

Standard (RPS) – 50% ;

50% Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing

Buildings

SB 350: By 2030… Renewable Portfolio

Standard (RPS) – 50% ;

50% Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing

Buildings

AB 32/SB 32 Global Warming

Solutions Act 80% below 1990

in 2050

AB 32/SB 32 Global Warming

Solutions Act 80% below 1990

in 2050

Prop. 39 – Clean Energy Funding; AB758, AB 793

Definition(s) of ZNE

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0 Net Site Energy

0Net Energy Emissions

0Net TDV Energy

0Net Energy

Costs

0Net Source

Energy

Produce as much energy as

the home uses on an

annual (net) basis

Does ZNE Makes Sense? Is it feasible?

• For decades, generating electricity at big power plants has been the most cost-effective way to provide power to buildings.– Problem is energy losses, Leaks, Emissions

– Solar PV has now become cost effective

• To get to ZNE, though, focusing on production of energy isn’t enough; you have to look at the consumption too. – While the fast track to ZNE might be to cover your roof with solar panels, this solution will only work in

certain situations.

– Drawback to the “just add more solar panels” approach is the ability of the grid to store energy. The electrical grid is primarily a delivery system.

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energy efficiency measures

energy efficiency measures

renewable energy

generation

renewable energy

generation

ZNEZNE

“Only” Renewables are NOT the Answer

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Winter Storm 1/10/17Lots of rain, wind, clouds


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Mostly cloudySpring – 3/19/17


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Winter Storm 1/10/17


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Spring – 3/19/2017

Duck Curve – Typical Spring Day

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Ideal Flat Load

The Duck’s neck- a sudden increase in required energy. Requires peaking plants, add brownout risk

Time Dependent Valuation (TDV)

• TDV is a meta Time of Use “rate” or “value curve” in the State of California for code compliance by the performance path

• The TDV values energy used differently based on the hour of the year to reflect the cost:

– To consumers

– To the utility system

– And to society

• TDV is a flexible tool with values that vary:

– By energy commodity (electricity vs. natural gas vs. propane)

– By location – reflecting differences in costs driven by climate conditions

– By type of construction – residential vs. nonresidential

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Time Dependent Valuation (TDV)

• TDV calculation inputs include:– Utility marginal cost of generation price forecasts (electricity and natural gas)

– Transmission and distribution costs

– Emissions and environmental costs

– Ancillary services and peak capacity costs

– Fixed annual utility costs (taxes, metering, billing, etc.)

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Sample TDV shape by component, Average day, levelized 30-year residential, CZ12

Changes in TDVs from Last Cycle

• The Generation capacity and T&D capacity have shifted to later in the evening.

– As a result, TDV peaks much later in the afternoon such that it is now coincident with evening cooling peak.

• TDV is lower during the middle of the day in 2019 compared with 2016.

– Therefore, the value of solar generation and export is lower in 2019 than under 2016 TDV.

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2016 vs 2019 TDV - Comparison

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2019 Code

What is coming?

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ZNE Goals (i.e. 2019 Standards Goals)

The 2019 Standards should be structured to send the right signal to the market to pave the way for achieving full ZNE in a later cycle of Standards by encouraging:

1.Envelope efficiency,

2.Appropriately sized PVs,

3.Grid harmonization strategies that maximize self-utilization of the PV output and limit exports to the grid

Further, the standards must be framed in a way to encourage competition, innovation, and flexibility to foster new solutions as the grid and technologies evolve.

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2019 Energy Code

Efficiency increases, cycle over cycle

Significant prescriptive changes proposed for 2019 Res standards:

• High Performance Walls (HPW)

• High Performance Attics (HPA)

• High Performance Windows (HPF)

• QII

New metric to evaluate code compliance rather than compliance percent.

• Target Energy Design Rating (EDR)

– Two target EDRs; one for efficiency only, and another after PV generation is applied

– Removal of the PV-offset option

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2005 2008 2013 2016 2019

~15% ~14% ~30% ~28% ~15%

High Performance Walls

Major changes in the 2019 code

Residential Prescriptive Standard- Assembly U factor

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U-Factor 0.043 R-21+R-7 = Effective R (23.3)



Common Wall Framing Options

U-FACTOR FRAMINGSTUD

SPACING

CAVITY

INSULATION

EXTERIOR

INSULATION

CAVITY INSULATION

TYPE

0.043 2x6 16” OC R-21 R-7 High density

fiberglass batt

0.043 2x4 16” OC R-13 R-12 Low density

fiberglass batt

0.043 2x6 24” OC R-19 R-8 Low density

fiberglass batt

0.050 2x4 16” OC R-15 R-8 (~2") High density batt

0.051 2x6 16” OC R-21 R-4 (~1")High density batt or

BIB

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Multiple combinations of similar materials will achieve these same U-factors.

U-factors of Wood Framed Walls (Table 4.3.1)

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Continuous Insulation Options

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Alternative Wall Assembly Options

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High Performance Attics• Removed above deck HPA option (2016 HPA Option A)

– Instead of having a prescriptive requirement, users will be directed to use the performance path for above deck insulation

• Option A – High Performance Attic • Option B – Conditioned attic

• U-FACTOR

• FRAMING

• 0.043

• 2x6

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Option A Option B

• Vented attic

• R19 (climate zones 4 & 8-16)

• R30 or R38 ceiling insulation

• Radiant barrier (only in climate

zones 2,3,5,6 &7)

• R6 or R8 duct insulation (climate

zone specific)

• Unvented attic

• R30 or R38 ceiling insulation

(climate zone specific)

• Radiant barrier

• Verified ducts in conditioned space

• R6 duct insulation

High Performance Windows

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Maximum U-

factor0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Max or Min

SHGC

0.35

Min

0.35

Min

0.35

Min

0.23

Max

0.35

Min

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.23

Max

0.35

Min

Climate Zone

Quality Insulation Installation (QII)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Quality

Insulation

Inspection

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Climate Zone

Domestic Hot Water System

Systems serving individual dwelling units can be one of the following –

1. A single gas or propane instantaneous water heater with an input of 200,000 Btu per hour or less and no storage tank, and that meets the requirements of Sections 110.1 and 110.3 shall be installed (this is the prescriptive system that is being used in the energy model).

OR

2. A single gas or propane storage type water heater with an input of 105,000 Btu per hour or less, rated volume of more than 55 gallons.

OR

3. A single electric water heater with rated volume of more than 55 gallons.

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A single gas or propane storage type water heater with an input of 105,000 Btu per hour or less, rated volume of more than 55 gallons, and in addition one of the following shall be installed:

a. A compact hot water distribution system that is field verified as specified in the Reference Appendix RA4.4.16; or

b. All domestic hot water piping shall be insulated and field verified as specified in the Reference Appendix RA4.4.1 and RA4.4.14.

c. A drain water heat recovery system that is field verified as specified in the Reference Appendix RA3.6.9, plus the following:

i. The drain water heat recovery system shall have a minimum CSA rated effectiveness of 42 percent; and.

ii. The drain water heat recovery system shall recover heat from at least the master bathroom shower and must at least transfer that heat either back to all the respective showers or the water heater.

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A single electric water heater with rated volume of more than 55 gallons and in addition one of the following:

a. For Climate Zones 2 through 15, a photovoltaic system capacity of 0.3 kW larger than the requirement specified in Section 150.1.

b. For Climate Zones 1 and 16, a photovoltaic system capacity of 1.1 kW larger than the requirement specified in Section 150.1.

– EXCEPTION 1: For Climate Zones 2 through 15, a single heat pump water heater that meets the requirements of NEEA Advanced Water Heater Specification Tier 3 or higher.

– EXCEPTION 2: For Climate Zones 1 and 16, a single heat pump water heater that meets the requirements of NEEA Advanced Water Heater Specification Tier 3 or higher, and a photovoltaic system capacity of 0.3 kW larger than the requirement specified in Section 150.1(c)4.

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PV Compliance Credit

Requirements• Performance approach

• Climate zones 1-5 or 8-16

• Minimum amount of PV

Compliance credit depends upon

• Climate zone

• Conditioned Floor Area

• As much credit as the HPW and HPA

– PV credit available even if project includes HPW and HPA

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Not applicable for 2019 Code

Prescriptive PV requirements – 2019 Code

All low-rise residential buildings shall have a PV system with annual electric output equal to the dwelling’s annual electric usage. The prescriptive PV size will be calculated as follows:

kWPV = (CFA x A) + B

Where

kWPV is the kW DC size of the PV system,

CFA is the conditioned floor area,

A is the area adjustment factor

B is the dwelling adjustment factor

Example: 2,700 sf home in Climate Zone 1

kWPV = (2,700 x 0.000793063) + 1.267153141

= 3.408423 kW

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Proposed Exceptions to On-Site PV

Some of the exceptions that are being considered but not limited to are as follows –

• EXCEPTION 1 : Address where existing barriers external to the dwelling exist, including but not limited to trees, hills, and adjacent structures.

• EXCEPTION 2 : Allow for a reduced PV size in climate zone 15 that can be accommodated by the solar access requirements of the solar ready zone.

• EXCEPTION 3 : Allow for a reduced PV size for single family homes with three stories.

• EXCEPTION 4 : Address dwelling unit plans that were approved by planning departments prior to January 1, 2020.

• EXCEPTION 5 : Allow for a reduced PV size if installed in conjunction with a battery storage system.

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Energy Design Rating (EDR)

• Energy Design Rating (EDR) is a home energy index that uses time dependent valuation (TDV) of energy including all end uses in a home to provide a whole-house efficiency metric. EDR score show how close a home is to the ZNE target.

• Reference home is a 2006 IECC compliant home, EDR=100

• EDR is calculated by the Title 24 software using TDV energy

• A score of zero means the house is a ZNE building

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2019 Code - Target Energy Design Rating (EDR)

Energy Design Rating (EDR) targets for each climate zone:

1.An EDR level for energy efficiency features based on 2019 prescriptive measures. This EDR target can only be met using energy efficiency measures

2.An EDR Contribution for a PV array sized to displace the annual site kWhs (no more PV tradeoff)

3.Subtract the PV EDR Contribution from the energy efficiency EDR to determine the final target EDR

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Target EDR Advantage - ExampleHere is an example of how CBECC-Res calculates the Target EDR for both EE and PV in CZ12 for the 2,700 sf:

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Target EDR’s Many Advantages

1. Establishes a performance benchmark

2. Industry appreciates options available

3. Sends the right signals about EE, PV sizing, demand response and flexibility

4. Allows builder to use more efficiency and less PV

5. Provides credit for demand response and flexibility, storage, EV integration, and grid harmonization strategies to achieve ZNE

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Thank you for joining us today

Ritesh Nayyar

TRC Energy Services

[email protected]

949-341-8205

Questions?

mailto:[email protected]

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