ZIHP-News9d9c7e94-dc99-461c-ab17... · Abundant expression of the interleukin (IL)23 subunit p19,...

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ZIHP-News 01-2009 z January 2009 ZIHP assistant professorships: springboards to success Prof. Carsten Wagner and Prof. Christoph Handschin, the two ZIHP assistant professors who started in 2006, got permanent faculty positions from February 2009. Congratulations! Prof. Wagner became Full Profes- sor for Physiology (Ordinarius) at the University of Zurich. Prof. Carsten Wagner is interested in the acid-base balance of the organism that is essential for the function of cells and organs. The maintenance and regulation of this balance results from complex interactions between different organs where the kidney plays a central role. Press release of the University of Zurich Prof. Handschin became Professor for Pharmacology (Extraordinarius) at the University of Basel. Prof. Christoph Handschin is interested in the adaptions of the skeletal muscle to various stimuli like exercise or inactivity, be it lifestyle- related inactivity or involuntary inactivity due to prolonged hospitalization. He investigates the signaling pathways and changes in gene expression upon skeletal muscle adaptions. Press release of the University of Basel The search for candidates to fill this position is currently in progress. Special efforts are put into the recruitment of outstanding young scientists with human-oriented research interests.Two symposia took place on November 17 and on December 23, 2008 to evaluate candidates. Upcoming events January 21, 2009: New date for the Career Possi- bilities event with Dr. Finola Kathleen Kirstein , No- vartis Pharma AG. January 29/30, 2009: USGEB 2009 - Membranes in Motion . Annual meeting of the Union of the Swiss Societies for Experimental Biology in Interlaken, Switzerland. January 30/31, 2009: Atmungsphysiologische Arbeitstagung in Zurich, organized by ZIHP member Prof. Urs Boutellier. Online registration is still possible. Second four-year period of the University Research Priority Program “Integrative Human Physiology” As of January 2009, the University Research Priority Program “Integrative Human Physiology” has entered its second four-year period. Thanks to this strategic funding instrument of the University of Zurich, the activities and program of the ZIHP are possible. Fortunately, the Executive Board of the University has already signalized that there will be a further prolongation for a third four-year funding period (until 2016), however, with reduced financial resources. Press review Medizin und Naturwissenschaften Hand in Hand . Interview with Prof. Borbély, one of the founding fathers of the ZIHP, on the integrative perspectives in medicine, the aims of the ZIHP and the link between basic and clinically oriented research. Publication of the Medical Faculty on occasion of the 175 th anni- versary of the University of Zurich (“Medizinische Forschung - Unsere Gesundheit heute und morgen”), December 2008. Citation of German-speaking veterinarians: 2002- 2005 . Prof. Max Gassmann, chairman of the Steering Committee of the ZIHP, ranks 6. Laborjournal, December 19, 2008. Multiple Sklerose: Bösartige Immunzellen und ihr Botenstoff unter falschem Verdacht . Media release of the University of Zurich on the research of ZIHP member Prof. Burkhard Becher. December 15, 2008 Gene doping in sport: fact or fiction? Swissinfo.ch, December 6, 2008 New open PhD position Vascular effects of HDL in patients with stable coronary disease or acute coronary syndrome as compared to healthy subjects . Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich/Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich More open positions Recent publications Akhmetshina A, Dees C, Pileckyte M, Maurer B, Axmann R, Jüngel A, Zwerina J, Gay S, Schett G, Distler O, Distler JH: Dual inhibition of c-abl and PDGF receptor signaling by dasatinib and nilotinib for the treatment of dermal fibrosis . FASEB J 22 (7): 2214- 22, 2008 Biber J, Hernando N, Forster I, Murer H: Regulation of phosphate transport in proximal tubules . Pflugers Arch [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Transcript of ZIHP-News9d9c7e94-dc99-461c-ab17... · Abundant expression of the interleukin (IL)23 subunit p19,...

Page 1: ZIHP-News9d9c7e94-dc99-461c-ab17... · Abundant expression of the interleukin (IL)23 subunit p19, but low ... Neff SB, Reyes L, Booy C, Steurer M, Spahn DR, Neff TA, Schmid ER, Beck-Schimmer

ZIHP-News 01-2009 January 2009

ZIHP assistant professorships: springboards to success

Prof. Carsten Wagner and Prof. Christoph Handschin, the two ZIHP assistant professors who started in 2006, got permanent faculty positions from February 2009. Congratulations!

Prof. Wagner became Full Profes-sor for Physiology (Ordinarius) at the University of Zurich. Prof. Carsten Wagner is interested in the acid-base balance of the organism that is essential for the function of cells and organs. The maintenance and regulation of this balance results from complex interactions between different organs where the kidney plays a central role.

Press release of the University of Zurich

Prof. Handschin became Professor for Pharmacology (Extraordinarius) at the University of Basel. Prof. Christoph Handschin is interested in the adaptions of the skeletal muscle to various stimuli like exercise or inactivity, be it lifestyle-related inactivity or involuntary inactivity due to prolonged hospitalization. He investigates the signaling pathways and changes in gene expression upon skeletal muscle adaptions.

Press release of the University of Basel

The search for candidates to fill this position is currently in progress. Special efforts are put into the recruitment of outstanding young scientists with human-oriented research interests.Two symposia took place on November 17 and on December 23, 2008 to evaluate candidates.

Upcoming events

January 21, 2009: New date for the Career Possi-bilities event with Dr. Finola Kathleen Kirstein, No-vartis Pharma AG.

January 29/30, 2009: USGEB 2009 - Membranes in Motion. Annual meeting of the Union of the Swiss Societies for Experimental Biology in Interlaken, Switzerland.

January 30/31, 2009: Atmungsphysiologische Arbeitstagung in Zurich, organized by ZIHP member Prof. Urs Boutellier. Online registration is still possible.

Second four-year period of the University Research Priority Program “Integrative Human Physiology”

As of January 2009, the University Research Priority Program “Integrative Human Physiology” has entered its second four-year period. Thanks to this strategic funding instrument of the University of Zurich, the activities and program of the ZIHP are possible. Fortunately, the Executive Board of the University has already signalized that there will be a further prolongation for a third four-year funding period (until 2016), however, with reduced financial resources.

Press review

Medizin und Naturwissenschaften Hand in Hand. Interview with Prof. Borbély, one of the founding fathers of the ZIHP, on the integrative perspectives in medicine, the aims of the ZIHP and the link between basic and clinically oriented research. Publication of the Medical Faculty on occasion of the 175th anni-versary of the University of Zurich (“Medizinische Forschung - Unsere Gesundheit heute und morgen”), December 2008.

Citation of German-speaking veterinarians: 2002-2005. Prof. Max Gassmann, chairman of the Steering Committee of the ZIHP, ranks 6. Laborjournal, December 19, 2008.

Multiple Sklerose: Bösartige Immunzellen und ihr Botenstoff unter falschem Verdacht. Media release of the University of Zurich on the research of ZIHP member Prof. Burkhard Becher. December 15, 2008

Gene doping in sport: fact or fiction? Swissinfo.ch, December 6, 2008

New open PhD position

Vascular effects of HDL in patients with stable coronary disease or acute coronary syndrome as compared to healthy subjects. Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich/Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich

More open positions …

Recent publications

Akhmetshina A, Dees C, Pileckyte M, Maurer B, Axmann R, Jüngel A, Zwerina J, Gay S, Schett G, Distler O, Distler JH: Dual inhibition of c-abl and PDGF receptor signaling by dasatinib and nilotinib for the treatment of dermal fibrosis. FASEB J 22 (7): 2214-22, 2008

Biber J, Hernando N, Forster I, Murer H: Regulation of phosphate transport in proximal tubules. Pflugers Arch [Epub ahead of print], 2008

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Brentano F, Ospelt C, Stanczyk J, Gay RE, Gay S, Kyburz D: Abundant expression of the interleukin (IL)23 subunit p19, but low levels of bioactive IL23 in the rheumatoid synovium: differential expression and Toll-like receptor-(TLR) dependent regulation of the IL23 subunits, p19 and p40, in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 68 (1): 143-50, 2008

Burkhardt T, Matter CM, Lohmann C, Cai H, Lüscher TF, Zisch AH, Beinder E: Decreased Umbilical Artery Compliance and IGF-I Plasma Levels in Infants with Intrauterine Growth Restriction - Implications for Fetal Programming of Hypertension. Placenta [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Distler JH, Schett G, Gay S, Distler O: The controversial role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in fibrotic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 58 (8): 2228-35, 2008

Flammer AJ, Sudano I, Hermann F, Gay S, Forster A, Neidhart M, Künzler P, Enseleit F, Périat D, Hermann M, Nussberger J, Luscher TF, Corti R, Noll G, Ruschitzka F: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 117 (17): 2262-9, 2008

Fox M, Schwizer W: Making sense of oesophageal contents. Gut 57 (4): 435 - 8, 2008

Gisler SM, Kittanakom S, Fuster D, Wong V, Bertic M, Radanovic T, Hall RA, Murer H, Biber J, Markovich D, Moe OW, Stagljar I: Monitoring protein-protein interactions between the mammalian integral membrane transporters and PDZ-interacting partners using a modified split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid system. Mol Cell Proteomics 7 (7): 1362-77, 2008

Hermann DM, Siccoli M, Brugger P, Wachter K, Mathis J, Achermann P, Bassetti CL: Evolution of neurological, neuropsycho-logical and sleep-wake disturbances after paramedian thalamic stroke. Stroke 39 (1): 62-8, 2008

Hersberger M, Müller M, Marti-Jaun J, Heid IM, Coassin S, Young TF, Waechter V, Hengstenberg C, Meisinger C, Peters A, König W, Holmer S, Schunkert H, Klopp N, Kronenberg F, Illig T: No association of two functional polymorphisms in human ALOX15 with myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Huber LC, Künzler P, Boyce SH, Michel BA, Gay RE, Ink BS, Gay S: Effects of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 67 (3): 389-94, 2008

Khatami R, Landolt HP, Achermann P, Adam M, Rétey JV, Werth E, Schmid D, Bassetti CL: Challenging sleep homeostasis in narcolepsy-cataplexy: implications for non-REM and REM sleep regulation. Sleep 31 (6) : 859-67, 2008

Kilic E, Kilic U, Bacigaluppi M, Guo Z, Abdallah NB, Wolfer DP, Reiter RJ, Hermann DM, Bassetti CL: Delayed melatonin administration promotes neuronal survival, neurogenesis and motor recovery, and attenuates hyperactivity and anxiety after mild focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Pineal Res 45 (2): 142-8, 2008

Landolt HP: Genotype-Dependent Differences in Sleep, Vigilance, and Response to stimulants. Curr Pharm Des 14: 3396-3407, 2008

Ospelt C, Brentano F, Rengel Y, Stanczyk J, Kolling C, Tak PP, Gay RE, Gay S, Kyburz D: Overexpression of toll-like receptors 3 and 4 in synovial tissue from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: toll-like receptor expression in early and longstanding arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 58 (12): 3684-92, 2008

Ospelt C, Gay S: The role of resident synovial cells in destructive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 22 (2): 239-52, 2008

Stanczyk J, Ospelt C, Gay S.: Is there a future for small molecule drugs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 20 (3): 257-62, 2008

Stanczyk J, Pedrioli DM, Brentano F, Sanchez-Pernaute O, Kolling C, Gay RE, Detmar M, Gay S, Kyburz D: Altered expression of MicroRNA in synovial fibroblasts and synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 58 (4): 1001-9, 2008

Steurer M, Schläpfer M, Steurer M, Z'graggen BR, Booy C, Reyes L, Spahn DR, Beck-Schimmer B: The volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in alveolar macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 155 (2): 224-30, 2009

Strietholt S, Maurer B, Peters MA, Pap T, Gay S: Epigenetic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 10 (5): 219, 2008

Thumfart J, Jung S, Amasheh S, Krämer S, Peters H, Sommer K, Biber J, Murer H, Meij I, Querfeld U, Wagner CA, Müller D: Magnesium stimulates renal phosphate reabsorption. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295 (4): 1126-33, 2008

Treier R, Steingoetter A, Goetze O, Fox M, Fried M, Schwizer W, Boesiger P: Fast and optimized T1 mapping technique for the noninvasive quantification of gastric secretion. J Magn Reson Imaging 28 (1): 96-102, 2008

Venalis P, Maurer B, Akhmetshina A, Busch N, Dees C, Stürzl M, Zwerina J, Jüngel A, Gay S, Schett G, Distler O, Distler JH: Lack of inhibititory effects of the anti-fibrotic drug imatinib on endothelial cell functions in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Villa-Bellosta R, Ravera S, Sorribas V, Stange G, Levi M, Murer H, Biber J, Forster IC: The Na+/Pi cotransporter PiT-2 (SLC20A2) is expressed in the apical membrane of rat renal proximal tubules and regulated by dietary Pi. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Wagner CA, Biber J, Murer H: Of men and mice: who is in control of renal phosphate reabsorption? J Am Soc Nephrol 19 (9): 1625-6, 2008

Warstat K, Pap T, Klein G, Gay S, Aicher WK: Co-activation of synovial fibroblasts by laminin-111 and transforming growth factor-beta induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 10 independently of nuclear factor-kappaB. Ann Rheum Dis 67 (4): 559-62, 2008

Wueest S, Rapold RA, Rytka JM, Schoenle EJ, Konrad D: Basal lipolysis, not the degree of insulin resistance, differentiates large from small isolated adipocytes in high-fat fed mice. Diabetologia [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Yue T, Roth Z'graggen B, Blumenthal S, Neff SB, Reyes L, Booy C, Steurer M, Spahn DR, Neff TA, Schmid ER, Beck-Schimmer B: Postconditioning with a volatile anaesthetic in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Eur Respir J 31 (1): 188-25, 2008

Zisch AH, Zimmermann R: Bioengineering of foetal membrane repair. Swiss Med Wkly 138(41-42): 596-601, 2008

Further recently published papers will be mentioned in the February edition for technical reasons.

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Heidi Preisig, Ursina Just, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 02-2009 February 2009

Keeping the balance

Have you ever asked yourself how your body man-ages to step over tree branches lying on the path on your Sunday stroll through the forest? Why do we – normally – not stumble over such obstacles? It is one of the numerous master pieces of our brain to inte-grate several inputs to accomplish this task. How this works is investigated in a cooperative project funded by the ZIHP.

The main signal for the stabilization of the body’s pos-ture comes from the eyes: The visual system provides information about the body’s position relative to the environment and in turn enables to keep our balance. This can be seen in patients with a partial or total loss of their sense of balance. They can stand normally without swaying in a lighted surrounding. However, in darkness or with their eyes closed they are unsteady. In other words: The eyes stabilize the body!

Subject stepping over irregularly appearing obstacles on a treadmill.

The cooperative project “Human gaze control during walking over obstacles” is built upon a model that was established in the 1950s: For control of postural bal-ance, the brain keeps a copy of all outgoing signals, as for example the commands to the eye muscles, and compares these signals to the incoming ones, as those from the visual sense. Any discrepancy is im-mediately corrected. Straumann and his colleagues investigate whether this paradigm is also valid during walking, and especially during stepping over obsta-cles. An unexpectedly appearing obstacle – like a tree branch lying on the path – requires a redirection of the eyes: The brain needs to know how and when either foot has to step over this obstacle. This redirection of the eyes interferes with the commands for keeping postural body balance. “We try to find out how the brain compensates for this destabilization of the pos-tural balance during obstacle walking”, says Straumann.

As a logic con-sequence, the locomotion re-search team of the Spinal Cord Injury Center at the Balgrist Uni-versity Hospital is an essential partner of the project consor-tium. In that lab a special treadmill with irregularly appearing obstacles has been developed. Since the sense of balance is located in the inner ear, experts from this area – the unpronounceable otorhi-nolaryngology department – were included. “Only by

combining the expertise and infrastructure of these labs, one can tackle such a challenging research question”, says Straumann.

What do we expect in the future? “We are convinced to find physiological laws that govern normal gaze control during walking over obstacles. Subsequently, we hope to recognize related pathomechanisms”, says Straumann. The conditions for this ambitious plan are optimal: All participating research groups are strongly involved in patient care, being it for example patients with balance disorders or paraplegic patients. Author: Magdalena Seebauer

More about the cooperative project …

Call for applications Cooperative project grants 2010 - 2011

The ZIHP supports cooperative projects involving se-veral research groups with a balanced representation of basic and clinical research groups. Projects should address questions of general biomedical interest in a time frame of several years. All ZIHP members are entitled to apply for cooperative project grants.

The ZIHP invites further research group leaders work-ing in integrative human physiology at the University of Zurich to apply for ZIHP membership. A prerequi-site is to have competitive third-party funding. For more details, read the statutes of the ZIHP or contact the Coordinating Office.

Upcoming events

Spring term 2009: Weekly seminar on Integrative Human Physiology. Jointly organized seminar series with the Institute of Physiology.

Feb 23, 2009: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of control of kidney epithelial cell proliferation. Dr. Ian Frew, Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zürich. Presenta-tion of a candidate for the position of an Assistant Pro-fessor at the ZIHP.

Feb 23, 2009: Protein kinase B (PKB/ Akt) alpha and beta both regulate peripheral insulin sensitivity but only PKB alpha is required in pancreatic islets. Dr. Markus Niessen, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, USZ.

March 2, 2009: Mucosal barrier and inflammation: role of innate immunity. Prof. Gerhard Rogler, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, USZ.

March 5-6, 2009: Molekulare Diagnostik 2009, Zürich

June 10/11, 2009: DNA Repair and Human Health. Symposium of the Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne. Registration deadline is May 05, 2009.

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Postgraduate course: register now

Mouse physiology and pathophysiology: Apr 2/3, 2009 Introduction to animal husbandry, rodent diets, pain management, telemetry and to disease models.

New members of the ZIHP

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Berger, Institute of Medical Ge-netics, UZH (expertise “ocular system” in topic D / central regulation and coordination).

Recent publications

Aicher W K, Pap T, Gay S : Laminin-modulierte Entzündungsreakti-onen in synovialen Fibroblasten von Rheumapatienten. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 67 (1): 59-61, 2008

Albrecht B, Brandeis D, Uebel H, Heinrich H, Mueller UC, Hassel-horn M, Steinhausen HC, Rothenberger A, Banaschewski T: Action monitoring in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, their nonaffected siblings, and normal control subjects: evidence for an endophenotype. Biol Psychiatry 64 (7): 615-25, 2008

Andrini O, Ghezzi C, Murer H, Forster IC: The leak mode of type II Na(+)-P(i) cotransporters. Channels 2 (5): [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Beck-Schimmer B, Breitenstein S, Urech S, De Conno E, Wittlinger M, Puhan M, Jochum W, Spahn DR, Graf R, Clavien PA: A ran-domized controlled trial on pharmacological preconditioning in liver surgery using a volatile anesthetic. Ann Surg 248 (6): 909-18, 2008

Berthier CC, Wahl PR, Le Hir M, Marti HP, Wagner U, Rehrauer H, Wüthrich RP, Serra AL: Sirolimus ameliorates the enhanced ex-pression of metalloproteinases in a rat model of autosomal domi-nant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23 (3): 880-9, 2008

Bertolini G, Bockisch CJ, Straumann D, Zee DS, Ramat S: Do hu-mans show velocity-storage in the vertical rVOR?. Prog Brain Res 171: 207-10, 2008

Besler C, Doerries C, Giannotti G, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U: Pharmacological approaches to improve endothelial repair mecha-nisms. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 6 (8): 1071-82, 2008

Biellmann F, Henion TR, Bürki K, Hennet T: Impaired sexual behav-ior in male mice deficient for the beta1-3 N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase-I gene. Mol Reprod Dev 75 (5): 699-706, 2008

Biellmann F, Hülsmeier AJ, Zhou D, Cinelli P, Hennet T: The Lc3-synthase gene B3gnt5 is essential to pre-implantation development of the murine embryo. BMC Dev Biol 12 (8): 109, 2008

Biver S, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Van Vooren P, Nowik M, Scohy S, Houillier P, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Marini AM: A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility. Nature 456 (7220): 339-43, 2008

Bockisch CJ, Hegemann S: Alexander's law and the oculomotor neural integrator: three-dimensional eye velocity in patients with an acute vestibular asymmetry. J Neurophysiol 100 (6): 3105-16, 2008

Bondeva T, Rüster C, Franke S, Hammerschmid E, Klagsbrun M, Cohen CD, Wolf G: Advanced glycation end-products suppress neuropilin-1 expression in podocytes. Kidney Int [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Böni-Schnetzler M, Ehses JA, Faulenbach M, Donath MY: Insulitis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 10 (4): 201-4, 2008

Borsig L: The role of platelet activation in tumor metastasis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 8 (8): 1247-55, 2008

Bosch MM, Barthelmes D, Merz TM, Bloch KE, Turk AJ, Hefti U, Sutter FK, Maggiorini M, Wirth MG, Schoch OD, Landau K: High incidence of optic disc swelling at very high altitudes. Arch Oph-thalmol 126 (5): 644 -50, 2008

Breitenstein A, Stämpfli SF, Camici GG, Akhmedov A, Ha HR, Fol-lath F, Bogdanova A, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC: Amiodarone inhibits arterial thrombus formation and tissue factor translation. Arterio-scler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 (12): 2231-8, 2008

Camici GG, Cosentino F, Tanner FC, Lüscher TF: The role of p66Shc deletion in age-associated arterial dysfunction and disease states. J Appl Physiol 105 (5): 1628-31, 2008

Centanin L, Dekanty A, Romero N, Irisarri M, Gorr TA, Wappner P: Cell autonomy of HIF effects in Drosophila: tracheal cells sense hypoxia and induce terminal branch sprouting. Dev Cell 14 (4): 547-58, 2008

Doehnert M, Brandeis D, Straub M, Steinhausen HC, Drechsler R: Slow cortical potential neurofeedback in attention deficit hyperactiv-ity disorder: is there neurophysiological evidence for specific ef-fects? J Neural Transm 115 (10): 1445-56, 2008

Ehses JA, Böni-Schnetzler M, Faulenbach M, Donath MY: Macro-phages, cytokines and beta-cell death in Type 2 diabetes. Biochem Soc Trans 36 (PT 3): 340-2, 2008

Eloranta JJ, Kullak-Ublick GA: The role of FXR in disorders of bile acid homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 23: 286-95, 2008

Feng J, Lucchinetti E, Fischer G, Zhu M, Zaugg K, Schaub MC, Zaugg M: Cardiac remodelling hinders activation of cyclooxy-genase-2, diminishing protection by delayed pharmacological pre-conditioning: role of HIF1 alpha and CREB. Cardiovasc Res 78 (1): 98-107, 2008

Feng J, Zhu M, Schaub MC, Gehrig P, Roschitzki B, Lucchinetti E, Zaugg M: Phosphoproteome analysis of isoflurane-protected heart mitochondria: phosphorylation of adenine nucleotide translocator-1 on Tyr194 regulates mitochondrial function. Cardiovasc Res 80 (1): 20-9, 2008

Föller M, Feil S, Ghoreschi K, Koka S, Gerling A, Thunemann M, Hofmann F, Schuler B, Vogel J, Pichler B, Kasinathan RS, Nicolay JP, Huber SM, Lang F, Feil R: Anemia and splenomegaly in cGKI-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 (18): 6771-6, 2008

Fox MR, Bredenoord AJ: Oesophageal high-resolution manometry: moving from research into clinical practice. Gut 57 (3): 405-23, 2008

Frühauf H, Fox M: Obstipation. Der Gastroenterologe [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Fulurija A, Lutz TA, Sladko K, Osto M, Wielinga PY, Bachmann MF, Saudan P: Vaccination against GIP for the treatment of obesity. PLoS ONE 3 (9): e3163, 2008

Götze O, Fox M: Dysphagie. Der Gastroenterologe [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Haeuptle MA, Pujol FM, Neupert C, Winchester B, Kastaniotis AJ, Aebi M, Hennet T: Human RFT1 deficiency leads to a disorder of N-linked glycosylation. Am J Hum Genet 82 (3): 600-6, 2008

Hafner P, Grimaldi R, Capuano P, Capasso G, Wagner CA: Pendrin in the mouse kidney is primarily regulated by Cl- excretion but also by systemic metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295 (6): C1658-67, 2008

Hafner S, Timmer A, Herfarth H, Rogler G, Schölmerich J, Schäffler A, Ehrenstein B, Jilg W, Ott C, Strauch UG, Obermeier F: The role of domestic hygiene in inflammatory bowel diseases: hepatitis A and worm infestations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 (6): 561-6, 2008

Holy EW, Akhmedov A, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC: Berberine, a natu-ral lipid-lowering drug, exerts prothrombotic effects on vascular cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 46 (2): 234-40, 2009

Joly S, Lange C, Thiersch M, Samardzija M, Grimm C: Leukemia inhibitory factor extends the lifespan of injured photoreceptors in vivo. J Neurosci 28 (51): 13765-74, 2008

Kilic U, Kilic E, Matter CM, Bassetti CL, Hermann DM: TLR-4 defi-ciency protects against focal cerebral ischemia and axotomy-

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induced neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 31 (1): 33-40, 2008

Kohler M, Clarenbach CF, Bahler C, Brack T, Russi EW, Bloch KE: Disability and Survival in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Epub ahead of print], 2008

Kucian K, von Aster M, Loenneker T, Dietrich T, Martin E: Development of neural networks for exact and approximate calcula-tion: a fMRI study. Dev Neuropsychol 33 (4): 447-73, 2008

Kugelmeier P, Nett PC, Züllig R, Lehmann R, Weber M, Moritz W: Expression and hypoxic regulation of the endothelin system in en-docrine cells of human and rat pancreatic islets. JOP 9 (2): 133-49, 2008

Laurens J, Hess BJ, Straumann D: Geometrical considerations on canal-otolith interactions during OVAR and Bayesian modelling. Prog Brain Res 171: 287-90, 2008

Lichtensteiger J, Loenneker T, Bucher K, Martin E, Klaver P: Role of dorsal and ventral stream development in biological motion per-ception. Neuroreport 19(18): 1763-7, 2008

Lifshitz L, Prutchi-Sagiv S, Avneon M, Gassmann M, Mittelman M, Neumann D: Non-erythroid activities of erythropoietin: Functional effects on murine dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 46 (4): 713-21, 2008

Lucchinetti E, Schaub MC, Zaugg M: Emulsified intravenous versus evaporated inhaled isoflurane for heart protection: old wine in a new bottle or true innovation? Anesth Analg 106 (5): 1346-9, 2008

Neusser MA, Lindenmeyer MT, Kretzler M, Cohen CD: Genomic analysis in nephrology-towards systems biology and systematic medicine? Nephrol Ther 4 (5): 306-11, 2008

Olasagasti I, Bockisch CJ, Zee DS, Straumann D: Cyclovergence evoked by up-down acceleration along longitudinal axis in humans. Prog Brain Res 171: 319-22, 2008

Osto E, Kouroedov A, Mocharla P, Akhmedov A, Besler C, Rohrer L, von Eckardstein A, Iliceto S, Volpe M, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F: Inhibition of protein kinase Cbeta prevents foam cell formation by reducing scavenger receptor A expression in human macrophages. Circulation 118 (21): 2174-82, 2008

Osto E, Matter CM, Kouroedov A, Malinski T, Bachschmid M, Camici GG, Kilic U, Stallmach T, Boren J, Iliceto S, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F: c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 deficiency protects against hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Circulation 118 (20): 2073-80, 2008

Payeli SK, Latini R, Gebhard C, Patrignani A, Wagner U, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC: Prothrombotic gene expression profile in vascular smooth muscle cells of human saphenous vein, but not internal mammary artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 (4): 705-10, 2008

Reisch N, Engler A, Aeschlimann A, Simmen BR, Michel BA, Gay RE, Gay S, Sprott H: DREAM is reduced in synovial fibroblasts of patients with chronic arthritic pain: is it a suitable target for periph-eral pain management? Arthritis Res Ther 10 (3): R60, 2008

Rotzer S, Kucian K, Martin E, von Aster M, Klaver P, Loenneker T: Optimized voxel-based morphometry in children with developmental dyscalculia. Neuroimage 39 (1): 417-22, 2008

Schegg B, Hülsmeier AJ, Rutschmann C, Maag C, Hennet T: Core glycosylation of collagen is initiated by two {beta}(1-O)galactosyl-transferases. Mol Cell Biol 29 (4): 943-52, 2008

Schulz E, Maurer U, van der Mark S, Bucher K, Brem S, Martin E, Brandeis D: Impaired semantic processing during sentence reading in children with dyslexia: combined fMRI and ERP evidence. Neuro-image 41 (1): 153-68, 2008

Seeger MA, Diederichs K, Eicher T, Brandstätter L, Schiefner A, Verrey F, Pos KM: The AcrB efflux pump: conformational cycling and peristalsis lead to multidrug resistance. Curr Drug Targets 9 (9): 729-49, 2008

Serra AL, Braun SC, Starke A, Savoca R, Hersberger M, Russ-mann S, Corti N, Wüthrich RP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacody-namics of cinacalcet in patients with hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 8 (4): 803-10, 2008

Serra AL, Wuhrmann C, Wüthrich RP: Phosphatemic effect of ci-nacalcet in kidney transplant recipients with persistent hyperpara-thyroidism. Am J Kidney Dis 52 (6): 1151-7, 2008

Siegrist PT, Husmann L, Knabenhans M, Gaemperli O, Valenta I, Hoefflinghaus T, Scheffel H, Stolzmann P, Alkadhi H, Kaufmann PA: (13)N-ammonia myocardial perfusion imaging with a PET/CT scanner: impact on clinical decision making and cost-effectiveness. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35(5): 889-95, 2008

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From the editor’s desk

Annemarie Brennwald is back from her maternity leave. A big thank you to Ursina Just who supported the ZIHP Coordinating Office during this time.

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Ursina Just, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 03-2009 März 2009 special

Editorial

Ist Krafttraining ein Jungbrunnen? Oder kann es auch schaden? Womit hat Mutter Natur den Kugel-stosser Werner Günthör beschenkt, dass er so ein Ausnahmeathlet werden konnte? Welches Schlüs-selerlebnis brachte den Bergsteiger und Höhen-mediziner Oswald Oelz dazu, den „Margherita-Cocktail“ gegen die Höhenkrankheit zu entwickeln? Wird im Sport bereits mit Gendoping experimentiert? Diesen Fragen – und vielen mehr – ist das ZIHP in seiner Veranstaltungsreihe „Mensch, Muskel und Motivation“ nachgegangen. Lesen Sie mehr darüber in dieser gedruckten Sonderausgabe der ZIHP-News.

Und was macht das ZIHP sonst noch? Es fördert Forschung. Forschung, die den Menschen als Gesamtorganismus betrachtet. Forschung, die die

Grundlagenwissenschaften mit den Bedürfnissen der Patient/innen verbindet. Forschung, bei der durch Zusammenarbeiten Neues ent-stehen kann.

Beispielsweise: Welche der vielen Inhaltsstoffe der Muttermilch sind es, die den Magen-Darm-Trakt des Säuglings vor Infektionen schützen? Wozu kann man Epo sonst noch brauchen, ausser um Radfahrer zu dopen? Wie ist das Immunsystem an der Entstehung von Typ-2-Diabetes beteiligt? Warum kommen Bergsteiger von Höhenexpeditionen abgemagert zurück? Wie kann man Athero-sklerose mit modernen bildgebenden Verfahren noch früher dia-gnostizieren? Die Antworten finden Sie – noch – nicht auf unserer Website. Unsere Forscher/innen sind noch dran. Und wir bleiben dran und informieren Sie gerne.

Ausserdem: Das ZIHP bildet junge Nachwuchsforschende aus. End-lich den Doktortitel in der Tasche, stellt sich die schwierige Frage: Was nun? Auch dabei helfen wir - mit einer Veranstaltungsserie über Karrieremöglichkeiten.

Und zuletzt: Das ZIHP wird von neun anerkannten in- und ausländi-schen Wissenschaftlern begleitet und beraten. Soeben wurde der wissenschaftliche Beirat neu konstituiert. Mehr darüber berichten wir in der nächsten Ausgabe, die Sie ab Mitte April auf unserer Website finden.

Wir wünschen Ihnen eine spannende und informative Lektüre.

Prof. Max Gassmann, Vorsitzender des Leitungsausschusses

dalena Seebauer, Geschäftsführerin Dr. Mag

Inhalt 2 Fitnesscenter ansta

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Krafttraining bei Rücken-erzen, oder ist dies nur

Verkaufstaktik von Fitness-

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7 pocket – and

8 Postgraduate courses

New members

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centers?

Jeder ein Champion? Was macht aus einem guten Sportler einen Superathleten

Lebensglück Die Gratwanderung zwischen Leben und Tod des Oswald

Gendoping zwund Fiktion Der Wissenschaftsthriller „Lauf

PhD in your what now?

Events

Open positions Press review

CongratRecent original publica

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Impressum: Zürcher Zentrum für Integrative Humanphysiologie (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Tel. +41 4Redaktion: Magdalena Seebauer, Max Gassmann; MitaDie ZIHP-N

4 635 50 88/47 rbeit: Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig

ews erscheinen monatlich und sind erhältlich auf www.zihp.uzh.ch oder über [email protected]. Bilder: zVg; Auflage: 1500 Exemplare.

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Fitnesscenter anstatt Schmerzpille? Hilft Krafttraining bei Rückenschmerzen, oder ist diese Lobpreisung nur Verkaufstaktik von Fitness-centers? Sandra Thoma von Kieser Training Schweiz und Walter Frey von «movemed» diskutierten unter der Moderation von Steffen Lukesch.

Von Sonja Käser

Krafttraining ist Körper-pflege – wie Zähneputzen: Dr. med. Sandra Thoma

Plädiert für eine ganz-heitliche Sichtweise: Dr. med. Walter O. Frey

Arthrose, Diskushernien, Rheuma. Die Liste der so genannten Volksleiden ist lang und das Interesse an effizienter Behandlung entsprechend gross. Das zeigte die grosse Besucherzahl am Vortrag zum Thema „Schmerzfrei dank Krafttraining“ im Careum. Auch viele ältere Zuhörer, einige von ihnen von chronischen Schmerzen geplagt, verfolgten die Vor-träge der beiden Experten und die anschliessende Diskussionsrunde mit Publikumsfragen aufmerksam.

Jungbrunnen Krafttraining

Dr. med. Sandra Thoma, CEO von Kieser Training Schweiz, sieht Krafttraining als Ausdruck von Lebens-qualität und Pflege. „Ihre Zähne putzen Sie ja auch, wieso also sollten Sie Ihre Muskeln nicht pflegen“, fragt sie. Wer Muskeln nicht benutzt, verliert diese. Um das zu merken, muss man kein Arzt sein. „Mit zu-nehmendem Alter baut der Körper immer mehr Muskel-masse ab und ersetzt diese durch Fettgewebe“, erklärt Thoma. Studien zeigten aber, dass niedriges Körpergewicht allein die Lebensqualität nicht erhöht. Hingegen spielt vor allem die Muskelkraft eine wichtige Rolle, will man schmerzfrei älter werden.

Dr. med. Walter O. Frey, CEO von «movemed» dem Kompetenz-Zentrum für Prävention, Rehabilitation und Training der Klinik Hirslanden in Zürich, sieht dies ähnlich. Er warnt jedoch vor Überbelastung: „Zuviel und einseitige Belastung verschleisst Gelenke. Aber richtig eingesetzt ist Krafttraining ein Jungbrunnen.“

Stabilisieren statt Mobilisieren

In seinem Vortrag erläutert Frey die Funktionen der verschiedenen Muskeln im Körper: „Ein Teil der Muskeln sind Mobilisatoren, welche Bewegung produzieren. Der andere Teil funktioniert als Stabilisatoren. Diese kontrollieren übergeordnet die Bewegungsabläufe und lokal die Position der Ge-lenke, also die Körperhaltung“. Fehlen diese kleineren Muskeln, können Fehlhaltungen und schliesslich Schmerzen entstehen. „Stabilisation ist hier wichtiger als aufgepumpte Muskeln“, so Frey. Genau dieser Leitgedanke wird bei der Therapie mit

„kinetic control“ und „muscle balance“ bei «movemed» umgesetzt. Als Beispiel aus der Praxis nennt Frey den Fall eines Eishockey-Spielers, der trotz viel Muskelmasse chronische Rückenschmer-zen hatte. Abklärungen zeigten, dass eine Fehl-haltung vorlag. In der Therapie trainierte der Patient gezielt die Stabilisatoren.

Normalerweise kann man die zu stärkenden Partien am eigenen Körper nicht selber ausfindig machen. Hierfür benötigt man Hilfe von Fachpersonal. Die gute Nachricht dazu kommt aus dem Publikum: Eine Physiotherapeutin bemerkt, dass immer mehr ihrer Kolleginnen und Kollegen Weiterbildungen im Be-reich „kinetic control“ machen. „Ich bin überzeugt davon, dass dieser Trend des Trainings sehr bald in der Breite Einzug halten wird“, sagt auch Frey. Der erwähnte Eishockeyspieler ist heute übrigens schmerzfrei.

Mukkibude versus Sport im Alltag

„Können Fitnesscenters nicht auch eine Gefahr sein, wenn einseitiges Training offenbar schaden kann“, fragt Moderator Steffen Lukesch, Redaktor der Tagesschau SF DRS. Thoma verneint. Wichtig sei eine gute Instruktion durch das Personal, was jedes seriöse Fitnesscenter bieten sollte. Der grosse Vorteil von Trainingsmaschinen im Vergleich zu Hanteln beispielsweise sei, dass die Bewegungen geführt sind und die Belastung der Gelenke minimal ist. Auch die medizinische Rehabilitation setze nach wie vor herkömm-liches Krafttraining in der Therapie ein. Dieses wirke ausserdem einem Teufels-kreis entgegen, der entstehen kann, wenn Patienten wegen Schmerz Bewegung ver-meiden. Auf diese Weise geht noch mehr Kraft verloren und Beschwerden aufgrund von Fehlhaltungen nehmen zu. Rechtzeitig eingesetzt wir-ken gezielte Übungen vor-beugend.

Und auch der Zeitfaktor spielt oft eine Rolle: „Krafttraining eignet sich für Leute, die effizient trainieren wollen und mit wenig Zeitaufwand zu einem Resultat kommen wollen“, sagt Thoma.

Fitness im Alltag wie Treppensteigen anstatt Lift-fahren ist wünschenswert, bringt aber keinen nennenswerten Trainingseffekt. „Denn hier ist nur der eigene Körper als Gewicht eingesetzt und die Hal-tung wird nicht korrigiert“, so Thoma. Und Frey ergänzt: „Es gibt fünf konditionelle Grundfaktoren wie Ausdauer, Schnelligkeit, Kraft, Beweglichkeit und Koordination. Keine Alltagsbewegung kann alle

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März 2009 ZIHP-News special Seite 3

Bereiche abdecken.“ Zusätzliches spezifisches Trai-ning ist hier also empfehlenswert.

Hilfe für Betroffene

Und wenn nun bereits Rückenschmerzen da sind, was dann? „Zuerst müssen eine saubere Diagnose gestellt und die Gründe für die Beschwerden eruiert werden“, sagt Frey. Denn Rückenschmerzen gehen kaum einmal auf nur eine Ursache zurück. Oft liegt kein struktureller Schaden im Wirbelbereich, sondern eine funktionelle Problematik vor. Dann erstellt der Therapeut oder die Therapeutin ein geeignetes Trainingsprogramm, welches auch Übungen im Fit-nesscenter beinhalten kann. Aber die Stabilisatoren müssen mittrainiert werden. „Man soll nie Muskeln isoliert behandeln, sondern den ganzen Bewegungs-apparat als Einheit betrachten“, sagt er.

Hauptsache Bewegung

Die Experten sind sich einig: Das Wichtigste ist, dass man überhaupt etwas tut, um seine Muskeln zu fordern. „Sie können auch Zementsäcke stemmen, wenn Sie wollen“, scherzt Frey, „Hauptsache, Sie können Ihren Migros-Sack auch im hohen Alter noch schmerzfrei nach Hause tragen.“

Eines ist jedoch klar: Verschleiss lässt sich nicht einfach wegtrainieren. Eine deutliche Besserung beispielsweise von Rückenschmerzen kann aber in den meisten Fällen erzielt werden. Auch hier gilt: Ohne Aufwand kein Ergebnis. Von Wunderheilung kann also nicht die Rede sein, wohl aber von Verbesserung der Lebensqualität.

Sonja Käser ist Biologin und Absolventin des Ausbildungsgangs „Wissenschaftsjournalismus“ am Medienausbildungszentrum (MAZ) Luzern.

Jeder ein Champion?Was macht aus einem guten Sportler einen Superathleten? Der mehrfache Kugelstoss-Welt-meister Werner Günthör und der Berner Muskel-forscher Hans Hoppeler erörterten diese Frage im Rahmen des Vortrags „Muskelkraft und Molekular-biologie“.

Von Sonja Käser

Hartes Training, Motivation - und die richtigen Gene führten ihn nach ganz oben: Werner Günthör

Werner Günthör weiss, dass hartes Training unum-gänglich ist, wenn man an die Spitze will. „Ich musste oft trainieren bis zum Erbrechen“, erzählte er den Zuhörern des Vortrags im Careum in Zürich. Für ihn hat sich die Plackerei gelohnt. Er ist der erfolg-reichste Schweizer Leichtathlet aller Zeiten. Jedoch

hat neben Fleiss und der richtigen Motivation auch Mutter Natur in Form der Gene zu seinem Erfolg beigetragen. Eine genetische Veranlagung kann das Zünglein an der Waage sein, wenn es darum geht, ein Quäntchen besser zu sein als die Konkurrenz. Dies fand der Muskelforscher Professor Hans Hoppeler von der Universität Bern heraus. Er hat Günthörs Muskelgewebe analysiert – und dabei eine grosse Überraschung erlebt.

Ausdauernd oder explosiv

Marathon oder Kugelstossen? Für welche Sportart ein Mensch besser geeignet ist, bestimmen die Gene. Denn die menschliche Skelettmuskulatur setzt sich aus langsamen und schnellen Fasern zu-sammen. Die langsamen werden für lang an-dauernde Bewegungen benötigt, die schnellen für die kurzen, explosiven. Wieviel von den beiden Faser-typen jeder Mensch besitzt, ist genetisch festgelegt und kann durch Training kaum verändert werden. Überwiegen bei einem Individuum die schnellen Fasern deutlich, eignet es sich eher als Gewicht-heber denn als Ausdauersportler.

Hingegen ist der Durchmesser der schnellen Fasern variabel. Werden diese durch Krafttraining stimuliert, nehmen sie an Grösse zu. Dies ist schon von aussen deutlich sichtbar, kann aber auch in einer Probe aus dem Muskelgewebe unter dem Mikroskop erkannt werden: der Querschnitt der schnellen Fasern ist vergrössert.

„Jeder Mensch kann mit Krafttraining den Muskel-querschnitt der schnellen Fasern innert sechs Wochen um 16 Prozent vergrössern“, sagt Hoppeler, der auch Mitglied des wissenschaftlichen Beirats des ZIHP ist. Er hat dies mit Studenten getestet. Wenn die Muskeln allerdings nicht regelmässig durch Training stimuliert werden, verlieren sie die ge-wonnene Grösse rasch wieder.

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Motivation und Strategie

Das harte Training, das Günthör absolviert hat, hätte ihn aber niemals an die Spitze gebracht, hätte er nicht auch über eine gewaltige Motivation verfügt. Schon als Kind wollte er Kieselsteine weiter werfen können als seine Brüder. Um sein Ziel buchstäblich vor Augen zu behalten, machte er es sichtbar: „Ich habe mir die Distanz des Weltrekords im Kugel-stossen vor dem Schlafzimmerfenster abgesteckt und es mir jeden Abend angeschaut. Dabei habe ich mir gesagt: Das kannst du auch.“ So hat er sich motiviert, auch zum hunderttausendsten Mal im Training scheinbar sinnlos seine Gewichte zu stemmen. „Irgendwie muss man schon ein bisschen verrückt sein“, witzelt der Athlet, „wenn man das freiwillig macht“. „Ausserdem“, so Günthör, „ist das Führen eines Trainingstagebuchs unerlässlich. Protokollieren und Auswerten sind die Grundlagen für die Planung eines effizienten Trainings.“

Günthörs beständiger Wunsch, das Maximum aus sich herauszuholen und besser zu sein als andere, hat ihn stets weiter getrieben. Was treibt er heute an Sport? „Eishockey, zum Hobby“, sagt er. „Aber ich will auch hier immer noch besser werden.“

Wissenschaftliche Sensation

Nach seinem sportlichen Rücktritt 1993 hat Werner Günthör die Ausbildung zum Sportlehrer an der eid-genössischen Sportschule in Magglingen absolviert. Dabei ist er auch mit Hans Hoppeler in Kontakt ge-treten. Für seine Diplomarbeit wollte er seine Muskel-zusammensetzung am Ende seiner Karriere und drei Jahre später vergleichen.

Die Wissenschaftler untersuchten und verglichen Muskelgewebe von Günthör, dessen Bruder und Günthörs Trainingskollegen Klaus Bodenmüller. Das Ergebnis der Studie hat alle erstaunt: Günthörs Muskeln haben nämlich mit 60 Prozent mehr lang-same Fasern als schnelle. „Das würde ihn eigentlich eher zum Ausdauersportler prädestinieren und nicht zum Kraftathleten“, erklärt Hoppeler. Tatsächlich hatte der Trainingskollege Bodenmüller mit 70 Prozent schnellen Fasern eigentlich die besseren Voraussetzungen für das Kugelstossen gehabt. Bei Günthör waren jedoch die schnellen Fasern dreimal

dicker als die langsamen. Und das hatte Muskel-forscher Hoppeler zuvor noch nie gesehen. Selbst bei besttrainierten Athleten erreicht dieses Verhältnis maximal einen Wert von 1,4. Daraus schliesst Hoppeler, dass „Kugel-Werni“ gezielt nur seine schnellen Fasern trainieren kann. Und das ist eine angeborene Fähigkeit. Denn selbst bei Günthörs untrainiertem Bruder waren die schnellen Kraft-Fasern doppelt so gross wie die langsamen Aus-dauer-Fasern. Hoppeler schloss daraus, dass hier eine spezielle genetische Veranlagung vorliegt.

Zudem hat der Wissenschaftler mit molekularbio-logischen Methoden in Günthörs langsamen Fasern ein Muskelprotein gefunden, das eigentlich in die schnellen Fasern gehört. Es scheint fast so, als hätte der Athlet seine langsamen Fasern auch als schnelle einsetzen können. Damit verfügt Günthör also gleich über zwei genetisch bedingte Faktoren, die ihn zu einem einzigartigen Athleten machen.

Natur oder Tortur

Aus Werner Günthör wäre trotz hohem Anteil an Ausdauer-Fasern nie ein Marathonläufer geworden. „Ich habe Ausdauertraining gehasst“, gibt er ohne Umschweife zu. Um heute beim Hockeyspiel durch-zuhalten braucht er auch die Motivation, einem Puck oder dem Gegner hinterher zu rennen.

„Könnte man“, so fragte Moderator Beat Glogger am ZIHP-Anlass, “künftig jeden motivierten Sportler zum Champion machen, wenn man ihn vor der Aufnahme eines gezielten Trainings auf seine „Erfolgsgene“ testet?“ Hoppeler winkt ab. Er halte nicht viel von Labordiagnosen, wenn es darum geht, nach potentiellen Weltmeistern zu suchen. „Erfolg ist multifaktoriell“, schloss er. Es brauche sowohl die von der Natur gegebenen, richtigen Muskelfasern als auch viel Bewegungstalent, um diese Fasern zu einem Bewegungsablauf zu koordinieren. Ausserdem müssen Wille und Motivation stimmen. Denn wenn der Geist nicht mitmacht, ist der Körper nicht willens die Tortur von stundenlangem Training auf sich zu nehmen.

Offenbar hatte Günthör von allem die richtige Mi-schung, die letztlich den Champion aus ihm machte.

Durch die Todeszone zum Lebensglück Keiner kann besser über die Gratwanderung zwischen Leben und Tod berichten als Oswald Oelz, ehemaliger Chefarzt und passionierter Bergsteiger. In seinem Vortrag „Mit Eispickel und Stethoskop“ erzählt er von seinen Erfahrungen in gefährlichen Höhen und was er daraus gelernt hat.

Von Steffi Lehmann

Auf einem Fussballplatz im österreichischen Feld-kirch, im Sportunterricht. Wir schreiben das Jahr 1950. Die Captains der beiden Mannschaften stehen

in der Mitte des Feldes und wählen ihre Spieler. Ein Schüler nach dem anderen wird aufgerufen. Nur einer bleibt übrig. Oswald Oelz.

Damals als Junge, so berichtet Oelz, hätte er be-griffen, dass er sein Glück in einer anderen Sportart suchen musste. Und er beschloss, Bergsteiger zu werden. Fasziniert verfolgte er die Erstbesteigung des Mount Everest. Später zog es ihn selbst immer wieder in die so genannte Todeszone, in die Höhe von über 7000 Metern über Meer, wo niemand länger

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März 2009 ZIHP-News special Seite 5

als ein paar Stunden überlebt, da der Sauerstoff-partialdruck in der Luft zu gering ist. Oelz schaffte es schliesslich als einer der ersten, die „Seven Summits“, die sieben höchsten Gipfel aller Kontinente, zu besteigen.

Bestieg als einer der ersten die „Seven Summits“: Oswald Oelz

„Wir müssen unsere eigenen Fähigkeiten erkennen und diese dafür nutzen, unsere Visionen umzu-setzen. Nur dann sind wir erfolgreich“, sagt Oswald Oelz heute. Er erzählt diese Geschichte nicht zum ersten Mal. Denn der ehemalige Chefarzt des Triemlispitals in Zürich, Höhenmediziner und passionierte Bergsteiger wird immer wieder zu Vor-trägen eingeladen. Diesmal im Rahmen einer Veran-staltungsreihe des Zürcher Zentrums für Integrative Humanphysiologie (ZIHP). Vor den übervollen Rängen des Careums berichtet Oelz über seine Erfahrungen in der Todeszone und wie er für sein ganzes Leben davon profitieren konnte.

Den Kopf lüften, um weiter zu kommen

Nach seinem Medizinstudium in Innsbruck kam Oelz als Assistenzarzt ans UniversitätsSpital Zürich. Dort war er am Anfang vor allem in der Forschung tätig. Wenn ein Experiment monatelang nicht klappte, bat er seinen Chef um einen längeren Urlaub. “Sich den Kopf zu lüften und auf andere Gedanken zu kommen, bringt manchmal eine ganz neue Sichtweise auf ein Problem“, so Oelz. Dabei spiele es keine Rolle, ob dies beim Bratschespiel, bei der Gartenarbeit oder beim Trekken geschehe. Er selbst fuhr in die Berge.

Durchhaltewillen und eine Portion Glück

Zum Beispiel nach Afrika, um mit seinem Freund, Gert Judmaier, den Mount Kenya zu besteigen. „Auf dieser Tour habe ich erkannt, dass man mit einem grossen Durchhaltewillen und der nötigen Portion Glück, selbst die allerschwierigsten Situationen meistern kann“, erzählt Oelz. Dabei hatte alles gut begonnen. Ohne Probleme hatten die beiden Berg-steiger den Gipfel erreicht, wo sie sich eine Pause gönnten. Dann, auf dem Abstieg, passierte es: ein Felsbrocken löste sich aus der Wand. Judmaier, der daran gesichert war, wurde mehrere hundert Meter in die Tiefe gerissen. Oelz hatte ihn am Seil, konnte ihn aber nicht mehr halten. Viel zu schnell glitt ihm das Seil durch die Hände und riss ihm die Haut von den

Fingern. Als Oelz seinen Freund später auf der Auf-prallstelle fand, stand es nicht gut um diesen. Zwar lebte er noch, aber sein Unterschenkelknochen ragte spitz aus der Kletterhose heraus. Es blieb Oelz nichts anderes übrig, als den Verletzten an der Absturz-stelle auf 5200 Metern zurück zu lassen und alleine abzusteigen, um Hilfe zu holen. „Wie ein Irrer rannte ich los“, erinnert er sich. „Ich fühlte weder Angst noch Schmerz.“ In solchen Momenten zehre man plötzlich von ungeahnten Kräften. Und man lebe so intensiv wie sonst nie.

Es vergingen ganze sechs Tage, bis Oelz seinen Freund mit Hilfe von Tiroler Bergsteigern lebend bergen konnte. „Dieser Erfolg gab mir Zuversicht“, so Oelz. Sowohl für das Bergsteigen, als auch für seine Tätigkeit als Arzt.

Ein Ringen um Leben und Tod

Oelz weiss, was es heisst, zu leiden. Als Arzt für innere Medizin begegnete er den Schicksalen von schwerkranken Patienten. Und als Bergsteiger kämpfte er gegen Erschöpfung, Höhenkrankheit, Kälte und Schmerzen. Im Annapurna-Gebirge in Nepal musste er wegen Höhenkrankheit und Erschöpfung auf über 7000 Metern über Meer biwakieren. Bei minus 35 Grad, ohne jegliche Ausrüstung. Durch die Höhenkrankheit verursachte Halluzinationen hatten ihn auf eine falsche Abstiegs-route gebracht. Es begann ein Ringen um Leben und Tod. Retter in der Not war schlussendlich eine Lawine: sie erfasste Oelz und trug ihn mehrere hundert Meter weit nach unten, aus der Todeszone hinaus, ohne ihn dabei zu verschütten. Und rettete ihm auf diese Weise das Leben. „Ich ärgerte mich natürlich über meinen eigenen Übermut. Ich hätte schon beim Aufstieg, als ich erste Zeichen der Höhenkrankheit erkannte, umkehren müssen. Gleichzeitig freute ich mich jedoch über meinen Sieg.“ Oelz war dankbar, dass er überlebt hatte. So nahm er den Verlust von vier Zehen, die ihm auf dieser Tour abgefroren waren, gelassen. „Klettern kann ich auch ohne sie noch. Wenn auch weniger gut“, meint Oelz.

Die Konfrontation mit der Höhenkrankheit motivierte ihn schliesslich, eine Therapie zu entwickeln, welche die damit verbundenen Symptome lindert. Zu diesem Zweck richtete er zusammen mit anderen Höhen-medizinern in der Margherita-Hütte, im Kanton Wallis auf 4554 Metern über Meer, eine Forschungsstation ein. Dort entdeckte das Team die Wirksamkeit des so genannten „Margherita-Cocktails“, einer Mischung aus verschiedenen Medikamenten gegen Höhen-krankheit. Betroffene Bergsteiger können damit kurzfristig ihre Symptome bekämpfen und in tiefere Lagen absteigen, um sich aus der Gefahrenzone zu bringen.

Immer wieder hat Oelz die Erfahrung gemacht, dass durch Anstrengung und harte Arbeit neue Erkennt-nisse gewonnen und persönliche Erfolge erzielt werden können. „Es lohnt sich, auf einem Aufstieg

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Blut und Wasser zu schwitzen. Denn umso grösser sind dann die Freude und die Befriedigung auf dem Gipfel. Daraus schöpft man neue Lebensenergie!“

Inzwischen ist Oelz pensioniert. Was aber noch lange nicht heisst, dass er in den Ruhestand getreten ist. Zum Beispiel züchtet er heute Schafe. Und verbringt

nach wie vor viel Zeit in den Bergen. Immer öfter auch in den Alpen, sagt er, die er durch seine vielen Auslandsexpeditionen fast ein bisschen vernach-lässigt habe.

Steffi Lehmann ist Doktorandin am Institut für Biomedizinische Technik (Universität Zürich und ETH Zürich) und Absolventin des Ausbildungsgangs „Wissenschaftsjournalismus“ am MAZ Luzern.

Gendoping zwischen Fakten und Fiktion Glogger fragte die Anwesenden, wer an einen sauberen Spitzensport glaube. Praktisch niemand meldete sich. Trotzdem waren wohl einige Zu-hörerinnen und Zuhörer darüber erstaunt, dass von den 100-Meter-Olympiasieger der letzten 20 Jahre bloss deren zwei (noch) nicht des Dopings überführt sind. Ob aber an den olympischen Spielen von Peking erstmals aktiv in die Gene der Sportler eingegriffen wurde, wusste Glogger nicht – und auch kein Dopingexperte. „Wenn nicht jetzt schon, dann sicher in naher Zukunft“, weissagte der Autor.

Seite 6 ZIHP-News special März 2009

Vermischt geschickt reale Fakten mit einer spannenden Fiktion: Buchauthor Beat Glogger

Der Wissenschaftsjournalist und Buchautor Beat Glogger stellte seinen neuen Thriller vor, der sich dem Thema Gendoping widmet. Erschreckende Erkenntnis nach der Lesung: die Fiktion dürfte bald schon Realität sein. Wenn sie es nicht heute schon ist.

Von Simon Zeller

„Der Schuss zerriss die Stille.“ Weniger als 10 Sekunden später hat Jesse, der neue Superstar der Sportwelt, einen weiteren 100 Meter Lauf gewonnen. Mit diesem explosiven Start begann die Lesung von Beat Gloggers neuem Thriller „Lauf um mein Leben“. Das Ziel dieser öffentlichen Veranstaltung des ZIHP war, Wissenschaft und Kultur einander näher zu bringen. Der Wissenschaftsjournalist und Buchautor Glogger verwob seine Ausführungen zum Thema Gendoping mit Ausschnitten aus seinem Buch, die von Schauspieler René Bill gelesen wurden. Schnell wurde klar, dass Gendoping nicht mehr nur Science Fiction ist. Gloggers Ziel ist, wie er erklärte, reale Fakten mit einer spannenden Fiktion zu mischen, um so gleichermassen unterhaltende und lehrreiche Literatur zu schaffen.

Weiter ging die rasante Geschichte: Der Chef des Schweizer Doping-Analyse-Labors findet eine weisse Maus in seinem Briefkasten. Das Tier ist extrem gross und muskulös – und bei der Laboranalyse stellt sich heraus, dass es genetisch manipuliert worden ist. Das Myostatin-Gen ist ausgeschaltet worden. Myostatin ist ein Hormon, welches das Muskel-wachstum reguliert. Wird es ausgeschaltet, wachsen die Muskelzellen ungehemmt weiter.

Analog zu dieser Episode im Thriller wurde in der Realität einem Dopingfahnder eine gebrauchte Spritze mit einer verbotenen Substanz vor das Hotel-zimmer gelegt. Dadurch kam der bisher grösste Dopingskandal der Tour de France ans Licht. Ob tatsächlich bereits mit Myostatin-Blockern das Muskelwachstum von Sportlern angekurbelt wird, ist nicht bekannt. Möglich wäre es.

Unmittelbar nach dem Rennen verletzt sich der Protagonist Jesse am Bein. Eine Adduktorenzerrung droht seine guten Chancen für die bevorstehenden olympischen Spiele zunichte zu machen. Doch sein Trainer hat ein Wundermittel parat. Mit einem geheimnisvollen Gerät injiziert er dem Sprinter eine Substanz direkt in den Muskel. Wenige Tage später kann Jesse wieder mit dem Training beginnen. War es Gendoping?

Glogger erklärte, dass Gendoping nichts anderes als missbräuchlich angewandte Gentherapie sei. Dass dies mit Nebenwirkungen und Risiken – bis hin zum Tod – verbunden ist, scheint klar. Diese mögen, wie der Autor erklärte, für schwer kranke Patienten vertretbar sein. Warum aber sind gesunde Spitzen-sportler bereit, mit Gendoping ihr Leben aufs Spiel zu setzen? Eine amerikanische Umfrage hat gezeigt, dass 80 Prozent der befragten Spitzensportler eine enorme Reduktion der Lebenserwartung auf nur 35 Jahre in Kauf nehmen würden, wenn sie dafür Olympiasieger würden.

Im Thriller versuchen die Dopingfahnder, das Rätsel der Muskelmaus zu lösen. Sie reisen dafür um die halbe Welt, landen schliesslich in Costa Rica. Dort werden sie bereits erwartet – die Doping-Mafia versucht, sie aus dem Weg zu schaffen.

Heute ist Doping höchste medizinische Kunst, durch-geführt in mafiaähnlichen Netzwerken. Gelingt diesen Kreisen nun Gendoping einzuführen, stehen die

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März 2009 ZIHP-News special Seite 7

Fahnder vor einem fast unlösbarem Problem. Denn wird ein Körper genetisch gedopt, produziert er sein eigenes Doping. Nachzuweisen wäre nichts. Heute jedenfalls noch nicht. Deshalb setzten die Anti-Doping-Behörden vor allen auf Prävention. Grosse Informationskampagnen wurden gestartet, bevor Gendoping zu einer realen Option wurde. Die Dopingbekämpfer hoffen, dass dadurch den Sportlern bewusst wird, dass sie bei dieser nicht für sie entwickelten Technik ihr Leben riskieren.

In der Diskussion fragte ein Zuschauer provokativ, warum man Gendoping nicht einfach frei gebe, und die Athleten in unterschiedlichen Kategorien antreten lasse. Schliesslich seien für Frauen und Männer – ein rein genetischer Unterschied – auch verschiedene Kategorien geschaffen worden. Der auf den ersten Blick überzeugende Gedanke zeigte bald seine Schwäche. Müsste man dann nicht für jede genetische Variabilität unter den Menschen eigene

Kategorien schaffen? Das wäre absurd. Um wirklich fair zu sein, dürften dann nur noch eineiige Zwillinge gegeneinander antreten.

Beruhigend ist, dass gute Sport-gene alleine noch keinen guten Sportler ergeben. Noch immer ist hartes Training – physisch wie psychisch – entscheidend.

Simon Zeller ist Doktorand der Umweltwissenschaften an der Universität Zürich und Absolvent des Ausbildungsgangs „Wissen-schaftsjournalismus“ am MAZ Luzern.

Nächste Veranstaltung dieser Serie

Dank Pillen noch lange jung?

mit Prof. Roland Jakob und Prof. Felix Gutzwiller Montag, 27. April 2009, 18:00-19:30 Careum Zürich

PhD in your pocket – und what now? "Don't really know" or "I’m not really sure" is often heard from PhD students when asked what they would like to do after their graduate studies. To make informed choices about possible careers a series of events with speakers from diverse professional fields was launched.

By Dustin Singer and Thomas Eicher

The time during a PhD is not only spent trying to solve mysteries about one’s research project, but also the mystery that comes once the PhD title is successfully obtained. Many troubling questions arise. Should I stay in research? And if so, what are the differences between an academic and an industry setting? What are consulting and management? What other opportunities do I have?

To support the PhD students in their future decisions, a series of Career Possibilities Seminars was organised by PhD students with the support of the ZIHP Coordinating Office in autumn 2008. Students could obtain a wider view of the opportunities a life science PhD might have after graduation by learning about others’ current careers and the choices that brought them to their position. And indeed a great demand was satisfied: 40 to 80 people attended the presentations and involved the speakers in stimulating discussions.

From ethics and biological security

Dr. Andrea Arz de Falco, Head of Department at the Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG) gave an insight into the interplay between ethics and new tech-nologies, like for example stem cells research. Biological risks for the population were a further topic: How are the risks of an influenza pandemic controled or those emerging from gene technology?

Management consulting

Dr. Marco Ziegler, Dr. Valentina Sartori and Dr. Panco Georgiev offered an instructive view of the work of the management consulting firm McKinsey & Company. The support of organizations in improving their performance is their main task. For possible co-workers an interest not only in science but also in finance is essential. Business plans, close contact with the client and an expertise in technology are necessary for this job.

Testing new medical therapies

Dr. Sigrid Aigners’ role as a Senior Medical Advisor is to be responsible for a given medicine throughout the phases of the clinical trials. She works for Bristol-Myers Squibb AG, the 9th biggest biopharmaceutical company in Switzerland with global locations. She assures the relationship between the company and the patients or physicians during the testing phase of a new therapy.

Communicating science to the public

Dr. Rosmarie Waldner, a freelance Science Journalist explained the functioning in the immediacy of the mass media. She highlighted the importance of communicating science to the general public. PhDs with an interest in media communication could profit from an advanced eduation in journalism for scien-tists, for example at the well-reputed Medienaus-bildungszentrum in Luzern.

Management in a global pharmaceutical company

Dr. Finola Kathleen Kirstein talked about her function as Global Development Operations Manager at Novartis Pharma AG. In short: she travels a lot. She manages all clinical trials in the various Novartis locations. Thus she could comprehensibly illustrate

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how this gigantic company is organised and where a freshly graduated PhD student could start his or her career at Novartis Pharma AG.

And what will the future bring for you? The clear

essence of all good advice was: Follow your true interests, take your chances and believe in yourself !

Dustin Singer and Thomas Eicher are – together with Carole Bürgi Taboada and Sandra Brunner - members of the organizing committee.

Events

March 24, 2009: Importance of the Notch pathway in cardiac homeostasis. Prof. Dr. Thierry Pedrazzini, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne

March 30, 2009: Growth hormone: from clinics to molecular - and cell biology. Prof. Dr. Primus-E. Mullis, Paediatric Endocrinology / Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Bern

April 6, 2009: Tissue-protective functions of erythropoietin. Prof. Dr. Max Gassmann, Institute of Veterinary Physiology and ZIHP, University of Zurich

Postgraduate courses

April 28/30: Current Issues in Integrative Physiology

June 18/19: Introductory Course: Respiration and blood

June 23/24: Introductory Course: Membrane transport, signal transduction

Starting September 2009: Master of Science in Genetics of Human Diseases at the University College London

New open positions

Human genetics of omega-3 fatty acid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich

Investigation and evaluation of lower urinary tract afferent and cortical brain activity in healthy subjects and subjects with over active bladder. Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital

Press review

Schweiz bei Wiedereingliederung von Querschnittgelähmten führend. Zum Rücktritt von Prof. Volker Dietz. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 3. März 2009

Pillen für ein besseres Gehirn. Der Hirnforscher Prof. Lutz Jäncke im Interview. Sanitas Kundenmagazin, März 2009

"Diabetes zu heilen ist keine Illusion mehr". Prof. Marc Donath im Interview. Unimagazin 1/2009, 16. Februar 2009

Nur mit Köpfchen können wir bestehen. Kommentar von Prof. Thomas Lüscher. NZZ am Sonntag, 15. Februar 2009

New members of the ZIHP

Prof. Adriano Fontana, Clinic of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich (expertise “Immune system” in topic C / „Milieu intérieur” / Homeostasis).

Prof. Michael Hottiger, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (expertise “Inflammation” in topic C / „Milieu intérieur” / Homeostasis).

Congratulations

Prof. Philipp A. Kaufmann, ZIHP member in topic A “Cardiovascular” was appointed extraordinary professor ad personam for Cardiac Imaging at the University of Zurich.

Prof. Michael Zaugg has accepted a professorship to the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. He left the University of Zurich, and thus also the ZIHP as of the end of 2008.

Recent original publications

… will be mentioned in the next issue.

For more details visit our website www.zihp.uzh.ch

Seite 8 ZIHP-News special März 2009

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ZIHP-News 04-2009 April 2009

Reconstitution of the Scientific Advisory Board of the ZIHP

With the milestone of entering the 2nd four-year pe-riod, the ZIHP has reconstituted its Scientific Advi-sory Board. This board of experts from Switzerland and abroad accompanies the ZIHP in its strategic orientation. They ensure the independence of the awarding of funding resources to cooperative pro-jects. The members of the Scientific Advisory Board visit Zurich annually on the occasion of the sympo-sium. The new members of the board will give key-note lectures at the next symposium on August 28, 2009.

New members of the board

Prof. François Mach is Head of the Cardiology De-partment of the University Hospital Geneva, Switzer-land. Beside his clinical commitment as cardiologist, his research investigates inflammatory cells and their mediators in the overlapping fields of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis and obe-sity.

Prof. Joachim Fandrey is Head of the Institute of Physiology of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. His research focuses on the molecular sensing of reduced oxygen content. The relevance of these mechanisms is wide-ranging: from the forma-tion of Epo and red blood cells to inflammation and tumor proliferation.

Prof. Olivier Devuyst is Professor of Nephrology at the UCL Medical School Brussels in Belgium. His re-search concentrates on the origin of inherited dis-eases of the kidney, the role of transport mechanisms for ions for the functioning of the kidney and their de-velopment from the embryo to the adult individual. Beside this, he is strongly involved in patient care.

Prof. Mehdi Tafti is Associate Professor at the Cen-ter for Integrative Genomics of the University of Lau-sanne, Switzerland. He uses genetic approaches to gain insight into the function of sleep. The aim is to better understand the development of sleep disorders like narcolepsy or sleepwalking, to assess the risk for diseases and to find new approaches for treatment and prevention.

Prof. Alan N. Schechter is Head of the Molecular Medicine Branch of the National Institutes of Diabe-tes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Bethesda, USA (NIH, NIDDK). The focus of his research is on genetic blood diseases and on a variety of ischemic diseases where the blood flow is regulated via nitric oxide. He is a dedicated advocat of a research ap-

proach “from bench to bedside" – meaning the link-age between laboratory research and clinical proto-cols.

Re-elected members

Prof. Ulrich Pohl holds the Chair of Cardiovascular Physiology at the University of Munich, Germany. He is also Head of the Walter Brendel Center of Experi-mental Medicine, a platform for translational re-search, mainly in the field of inflammation and car-diovascular diseases. His main expertise is the func-tion of the cell layers covering the blood vessels.

Prof. Hans Hoppeler is Head of Functional Anatomy at the University of Bern, Switzerland. He is inter-ested in the molecular pathways of structural and functional adaptations of the skeletal muscle to train-ing, especially at high altitude. As a member of the Swiss Olympic Association he is dedicated to the fight against doping.

Prof. Bernard Thorens is Professor at the Center for Integrative Genomics of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. He investigates the mechanisms by which the organism detects the variations in internal energy stores to preserve a fine-tuned balance be-tween nutrient intake and energy expenditure. These insights will contribute to a better understanding of diabetes and obesity.

Prof. Laurence R. Young is Apollo Program Profes-sor of Astronautics and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, USA. His research interests are aerospace medicine, long duration space flights and artificial gravity. In 1993 Prof. Young served as alternate astronaut during one of the Spacelab missions.

We cordially thank the former members of the Sci-entific Advisory Board for their valuable contributions and their engagement in all matters concerning the ZIHP during the last four years.

Prof. Paul M. Vanhoutte, Department of Pharma-cology, University of Hong Kong

Prof. Peter Bärtsch, Internal Medicine / Sports Medi-cine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany

Prof. Florian Lang, Institute of Physiology, Univer-sity of Tübingen, Germany

Prof. Thomas Brandt, Neurological Hospital, Lud-wig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany

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Menschen, Tiere, Lebensalter - continuation of public ZIHP events

April 27, 2009 Pillen gegen das Altern - Lifestyle oder medizinisch sinnvoll? Prof. Roland Jakob, emeritus Orthopaedic Surgeon of the Hospital Freiburg and Prof. Felix Gutzwiller, Head of the Institute of Social and Preventive Medi-cine of the University of Zurich and Member of the Council of States will talk about drugs against aging.

May 25, 2009 Vom Dinosaurier zum Elefanten: Wie Giganten funktionieren With Dr. Marcus Clauss, Veterinary Hospital Zurich, and Dr. Alex Rübel, Director of the Zoo Zurich. The discussion will be hosted by Prof. Jean-Michel Hatt, Veterinarian at the Zoo Zurich.

Upcoming events

April 28, 2009 Hypothalamic fatty acid synthesis and energy balance. Prof. Dr. Timothy H. Moran, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

May 4, 2009 Liver regeneration and small for size liver sur-gery. Prof. Dr. Pierre-Alain Clavien, Department of Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Zurich

May 7, 2009 ZIHP Special Seminar - Phospholemman: cardiac Na regulation in health and disease. Prof. Michael J. Shattock, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London

June 10/11, 2009 DNA Repair and Human Health Symposium of the Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne. Registration deadline is May 5, 2009.

June 12/13, 2009 International Conference on Research Funding. Where to get funds / grants for research? This Euro-pean event aims at demonstrating funding sources ranging from academia to enterprises. Workshops on how to write successful grants, project management, intellectual property rights, etc. Technopark, Zurich

September 2-5, 2009 10th International Congress of the European So-ciety of Magnetic Resonance in Neuropediatrics (ESMRN) in Zurich. Deadline for submission of abstracts is May 6, 2009.

Reminder: Application deadline for cooperative project grants – May 3, 2009

The ZIHP supports cooperative projects involving se-veral research groups with a balanced representation of basic and clinical research. The deadline for submission of project outlines for new cooperative projects for 2010-2011 is Sunday, May 3, 2009.

Open position: Professorship in Physiology at the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich

The Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zurich invites applications for a Professorship in Physio-logy at the Institute of Physiology. The candidate should be interested in interdisciplinarity and in a close interaction with the ZIHP. Deadline for applica-tions is May 31, 2009.

New members of the ZIHP

Prof. Klaus Oberauer, Institute of Psychology, UZH (expertise “Neuropsychology and Cognitive Psycho-logy” in topic D / Central Regulation and Coordina-tion).

Prof. Edouard Battegay, Department of Internal Medicine, USZ (expertise “Pathophysiology of Hy-poxia / Ischaemia” in topic B / Oxygen and Move-ment).

Prof. David P. Wolfer, Institute of Anatomy, UZH (expertise “Cognitive Neuroimaging and Cognitive Function” in topic D / Central Regulation and Coordi-nation).

Prof. Stephan Neuhauss, Institute of Zoology, UZH (expertise “Ocular System” in topic D / Central Regu-lation and Coordination).

Dr. Rok Humar, Department of Internal Medicine, USZ as junior member (expertise “Pathophysiology of Hypoxia / Ischaemia” in topic B / Oxygen and Move-ment).

Alumni of the PhD Program

Would you like to get in contact with graduates from the PhD Program in Integrative Molecuar Medicine (imMed)? Visit the list of alumni on the ZIHP web-site to inform you about the professional where-abouts and current e-mail addresses.

New PhD students

Since the last recruitment round 7 new PhD students were accepted to our PhD program in Integrative Mo-lecular Medicine (imMed). Welcome!

Sascha Egger, Institute of Physiology, UZH Katharina Leucht, Clinic for Gastroenterology & Hepatology, USZ Sandra Keller Chandra, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist Univer-sity Hospital Ekaterina Kurakevich, Institute of Physiology, UZH Ivana Pavik, Institute of Physiology, UZH Shoib Siddiqui, Institute of Physiology, UZH Marta Torrente, Institute of Physiology, UZH

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New open PhD position

The effects of dietary intervention on gastrointes-tinal motility, hormonal feedback, visceral sensa-tion and satiety in patients with anorexia nervosa and obesity. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepa-tology, University Hospital Zurich

More open PhD positions …

Press review

Intelligenz ist keine Kunst. NZZ am Sonntag, April 12, 2009

Übergänge - vom Kleinkind zum Schulkind. UZH - News, March 26, 2009

Recent publications

Avneon M, Lifshitz L, Katz O, Prutchi-Sagiv S, Gassmann M, Mit-telmann M, Neumann D: Non-Erythroid Effects of Erythropoietin: Are Neutrophils a Target? Leuk Res, in press, 2009

Camargo SM, Singer D, Makrides V, Huggel K, Pos KM, Wagner CA, Kuba K, Danilczyk U, Skovby F, Kleta R, Penninger JM, Ver-rey F: Tissue-specific amino acid transporter partners ACE2 and collectrin differentially interact with hartnup mutations. Gastroen-terology 136: 872-82, 2009

Goetze O, Treier R, Fox M, Steingoetter A, Fried M, Boesiger P, Schwizer W: The effect of gastric secretion on gastric physiology and emptying in the fasted and fed state assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Heinicke I, Boehler A, Rechsteiner T, Bogdanova A, Jelkmann W, Hofer M, Rawlings P, Araneda O F, Behn C, Gassmann M, Heinicke K: Moderate altitude but not additional endurance training increases markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath conden-sate. Eur J Appl Physiol, in press, 2009

Husmann L, Gaemperli O, Valenta I, Schepis T, Scheffel H, Stolzmann P, Leschka S, Desbiolles L, Marincek B, Alkadhi H, Kaufmann PA: Impact of vessel attenuation on quantitative coro-

nary angiography with 64-slice computed tomography. Br J Radiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Husmann L, Herzog BA, Burkhard N, Tatsugami F, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Wyss CA, Landmesser U, Kaufmann PA: Body phy-sique and heart rate variability determine the occurrence of stair-step artefacts in 64-slice CT coronary angiography with prospec-tive ECG-triggering. Eur Radiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Kaufmann PA, Gaemperli O: Combining CT and nuclear: a winning hybrid team. J Nucl Cardiol 16 (2): 170-2, 2009

Soliz J, Thomsen J J, Soulage C, Lundby C, Gassmann M: Sex-dependent regulation of hypoxic ventilation in mouse and man is mediated by erythropoietin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Tatsugami F, Husmann L, Herzog BA, Burkhard N, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA: Evaluation of a body mass index-adapted protocol for low-dose 64-MDCT coronary angiography with prospective ECG triggering. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192 (3): 635-8, 2009

Trollman R, Gassmann M: The role of hypoxia-inducible transcrip-tion factors in the hypoxic neonatal brain. Brain Dev, in press, 2009

van Werkhoven JM, Schuijf JD, Gaemperli O, Jukema JW, Boersma E, Wijns W, Stolzmann P, Alkadhi H, Valenta I, Stokkel MP, Kroft LJ, de Roos A, Pundziute G, Scholte A, van der Wall EE, Kaufmann PA, Bax JJ: Prognostic value of multislice computed tomography and gated single-photon emission computed tomo-graphy in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 53 (7): 623-32, 2009

Verrey F, Singer D, Ramadan T, Vuille-Dit-Bille RN, Mariotta L, Camargo SM: Kidney amino acid transport. Pflug Arch Eur J Phy 458 (1): 53-60, 2009

Wacker J, Lucchinetti E, Jamnicki M, Aguirre J, Härter L, Keel M, Zaugg M: Delayed inhibition of agonist-induced granulocyte-platelet aggregation after low-dose sevoflurane inhalation in hu-mans. Anesth Analg 106 (6): 1749-58, 2008

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 05-2009 May 2009

Pillen gegen das Altern?

Die Pharmaindustrie bringt immer mehr sogenannte Lifestyle-Pillen auf den Markt. Was ist davon medi-zinisch sinnvoll? Was ist nur ein Marketing-Gag? Darüber diskutierten Prof. Felix Gutzwiller und Prof. Roland Jakob im Rahmen der Veranstaltungsreihe „Menschen, Tiere, Lebensalter“.

Von Magdalena Seebauer

Den ewigen Jungbrunnen, so wie ihn Lucas Cranach der Ältere vor 500 Jahren verlockend darstellte, hätte wohl niemand erwartet: Die Alten und Kranken tauchen in diesen Brunnen ein und steigen frisch und vital wieder heraus. Dennoch unternimmt die Phar-maindustrie grosse Anstrengungen, eine immer brei-ter werdende Produktpalette von Nahrungser-gänzungsmitteln auf den Markt zu bringen. Wenn das Altern und die damit verbundenen Wehwehchen schon nicht zu verhindern sind, so könnte man sie vielleicht wenigstens hinauszögern?

Interessiert sich für die 100-Jährigen: Prof. Felix Gutzwiller

Der „Cocktail der Natur“

Prof. Felix Gutzwiller vom Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin der Universität Zürich hält nicht viel von den angepriesenen Präparaten, die von Vitami-nen über ungesättigte Fettsäuren bis zu Antioxidan-tien und vielem mehr reichen. „Wer sich vielseitig mit dem Cocktail der Natur ernährt, braucht das nicht.“ Eine einzige Ausnahme sieht er dennoch: „Wer nicht zu rauchen aufhören möchte, der sollte zusätzlich Vi-tamin C zu sich nehmen.“ Was aber nicht heissen solle, dass man nicht besser mit dem Rauchen auf-hören solle, beeilte sich der Präventivmediziner klar-zustellen.

Forschung an 100-Jährigen

Gutzwiller sucht vielmehr Einblicke in den Prozess des Alterns in Untersuchungen, die an 100-Jährigen

durchgeführt wurden: Warum sind diese Personen so alt geworden? Bis zum Alter von 70 oder 80 Jahren sind die körperlichen Aspekte entscheidend: ausrei-chende Bewegung, gesunde Ernährung, ange-messenes Körpergewicht, kein Nikotin. In noch höherem Alter kämen – neben genetischen Gege-benheiten – vor allem die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale zum Zug: Wer 100 Jahre alt wird, zeichnet sich be-sonders durch eine positive Lebenseinstellung, ein gutes Beziehungsnetz, das auch schwere Verluste wie den des Lebenspartners oder der Lebenspartne-rin auffangen hilft, grosse Offenheit gegenüber Ver-änderungen und ein hohes Mass an Initiative aus.

Zweifelsfrei gibt es die Fälle, bei denen Medikamente beispielsweise zur Senkung der Blutfette oder des Blutdrucks notwendig sein können. Doch wo liegt die Grenze? Werden die Grenzwerte so angesetzt, dass fast jeder behandlungsbedürftig ist – nach dem Motto „an ill for every pill“? Die Pharmaindustrie hätte gutes Interesse daran. Aus dem Publikum kam die Anmer-kung, dass diese Grenzwerte oftmals nur an jungen, gesunden Personen festgelegt würden und nicht un-bedingt auf ältere Personen übertragbar wären. Dazu nahm Prof. Klaus Grätz, Dekan der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich Stellung: Derzeit sei man dran, eine Professur für Altersmedizin zu schaf-fen, die sich mit genau diesen Fragen beschäftigen wird. Daneben hat die Universität Zürich zusammen mit dem Stadtspital Waid ein Zentrum für Alter und Mobilität gegründet, das angewandte klinische For-schung betreibt.

Der «Jungbrunnen» von Lucas Cranach d.Ä. (1472-1553)

Von steifen Gelenken und lahmenden Pferden

Anders stellt sich die Lage in einem klar umgrenzten Gebiet wie der Arthrose des Knies und des Hüftge-lenks dar. Gelenksbeschwerden betreffen fast zwei

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Jahrelange Erfahrung bei Gelenks-beschwerden: Prof. Roland Jakob

Drittel der über 60-Jährigen. Prof. Roland Jakob hat als emeritierter orthopädischer Chirurg am Kan-tonsspital Frei-burg jahrelang Erfahrungen in diesem Gebiet gesammelt: „Meist ist ein Ver-schleiss des Knorpels daran schuld. Dieser hat leider von Natur aus ein schlech-tes Regenera-tionspotential. Er

wird nicht durchblutet, sondern nur über die Gelenks-flüssigkeit ernährt.“

Für Beschwerden dieser Art verordnet Prof. Jakob Glucosamin und Chondroitinsulfat: „Historisch hat man die schon bei lahmenden Pferden eingesetzt.“ Diese Substanzen sind Knorpelbausteine und fördern somit die Regeneration des Knorpels. Für die Pa-tientin oder den Patienten bedeutet dies reduzierte Schmerzen und eine Verbesserung der Beweglich-keit des Gelenks. Oftmals lässt sich eine Operation hinauszögern oder gar verhindern. Ihr einziger Nachteil: Man muss dafür selbst in die Tasche greifen. Was jedoch laut Prof. Jakob auch ein Vorteil sein kann: „Oft wirken selbst bezahlte Medikamente besser als die von der Krankenkasse bezahlten!“

Positive Nebenwirkungen für den Patienten, einnah-meträchtiges Gebiet für die Pharmaindustrie – so scheinen beide Seiten zufrieden zu sein.

Menschen, Tiere, Lebensalter - Continuation of public ZIHP events

May 25, 2009 Vom Dinosaurier zum Elefanten: Wie Giganten funktionieren With Dr. Alex Rübel, Director of the Zoo Zurich and Dr. Marcus Clauss, Vetsuisse Faculty of the Universi-ty of Zurich. Host: Prof. Jean-Michel Hatt, Veterinar-ian at the Zoo Zurich.

June 15, 2009 Medizinische Check-ups - sinnvolle Vorsorge oder kostspielige Strategie? mit Prof. Thomas F. Lüscher, Klinikdirektor Kardiolo-gie, USZ und Initiant von Double Check und Dr. Jürg Kuoni, Healthcheck

Upcoming events

May 25, 2009 Hyperthyroidism: diagnostic and therapy. Prof. Dr. Christoph A. Meier, Department of Internal Medi-cine, Triemli Hospital

May 26, 2009 Prolyl 4-hydroxylation – beyond collagens and hypoxia-inducible factor? Prof. Dr. Johanna Mylly-harju, Biocenter Oulu and Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Finland

June 02, 2009 FP7-Tagung - Research in Action. Forschungs-politik & Trends in Europa. Organized by Euresearch Zurich at the Aula of the ETH Zurich

June 10-11, 2009 4th Retreat of the PhD Program in Integrative Mo-lecular Medicine. Seminarhotel Alvier, Oberschan, Switzerland.

Keynote lectures at the ZIHP Symposium 2009

The 5th Symposium of the ZIHP on Friday, August 28, 2009 is approaching. Keynote lectures will cover topics like inflammation and atherosclerosis, hypoxia-inflammation crossing, transport mechanisms accross biological membranes and the role of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the nitric oxide/nitrite cycle.

Keynote speakers: Prof. François Mach, Cardiology Department of the University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland Prof. Joachim Fandrey, Institute of Physiology of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Prof. Olivier Devuyst, Clinic for Nephrology at the UCL Medical School Brussels in Belgium Prof. Alan N. Schechter, Molecular Medicine Branch of the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH, NIDDK), Bethesda, USA

More details (including registration) will be available within the next weeks.

New members of the ZIHP

Dr. Malcolm Kohler, Clinic for Pneumology, USZ (expertise “Respiration, circulation and musculature – adaptation to exercise” in topic B / Oxygen and Move-ment).

Dr. Alfredo Franco-Obregón, Institute for Biomedi-cal Engineering, UZH/ETHZ (expertise “Muscle biol-ogy” in topic B / Oxygen and Movement).

Prof. Anita Rauch, Institute of Medical Genetics, UZH.

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Press review

"Autoritär zu erziehen ist falsch" Kinder entwickeln sich am besten, wenn ihre Anlagen im Einklang mit der Umwelt sind, sagt Kinderarzt Os-kar Jenni im Interview. Unimagazin 2/2009, Mai 2009

Sandmännchen des Immunsystems Weshalb chronisch Kranke müde sind. Über die For-schung von Prof. Adriano Fontana. Unimagazin 2/2009, Mai 2009

Prof. Lutz Jäncke im Gespräch mit Roger Schawinski Der Hirnforscher weiss, wie man sein Hirn auch mit zunehmendem Alter noch in Topform hält. „Doppelpunkt“, Radio 1, 17. Mai 2009

Recent publications

Becskei C, Lutz TA, Riediger TA: Diet-derived nutrients mediate the inhibition of hypothalamic NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus of mice during refeeding. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Bloch KE, Turk AJ, Maggiorini M, Hess T, Merz T, Bosch MM, Barthelmes D, Hefti U, Pichler J, Senn O, Schoch OD: Effect of ascent protocol on acute mountain sickness and success at Muz-tagh Ata, 7546 m. High Alt Med Biol 10 (1): 25-32, 2009

Ebbesen P, Pettersen EO, Gorr TA, Jobst G, Williams K, Kieninger J, Wenger RH, Pastorekova S, Dubois L, Lambin P, Wouters BG, Van den Beucken T, Beucken D, Supuran CT, Poellinger L, Ratcliffe P, Kanopka A, Görlach A, Gassmann M, Harris AL, Max-well P, Scozzafava A: Taking advantage of tumor cell adaptations to hypoxia for developing new tumor markers and treatment strategies. J Enzym Inhib Med Ch 24 (S1): 1-39, 2009

Fruehauf H, Steingoetter A, Fox MR, Kwiatek MA, Boesiger P, Schwizer W, Fried M, Thumshirn M, Goetze O: Characterization of gastric volume responses and liquid emptying in functional dys-pepsia and health by MRI or barostat and simultaneous (13)C-acetate breath test. Neurogastroenterol Motil [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Furrer D, Kaufmann K, Tschuor F, Reusch CE, Lutz TA: The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor NVP-DPP728 reduces plasma glucagon concentration in cats. Vet J [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Herzog BA, Husmann L, Jenni R, Kaufmann PA: Diverticulum of the posterior left atrial wall. Echocardiography 26 (4): 471-2, 2009

Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, Tay FM, Burkhard N, Gaemperli O, Wyss CA, Landmesser U, Kaufmann PA: Determinants of ves-sel contrast in BMI-adapted low dose CT coronary angiography with prospective ECG-triggering. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Kaufmann PA: Cardiac hybrid imaging: state-of-the-art. Ann Nucl Med [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Landolt HP, Wehrle R: Antagonism of serotonergic 5-HT2A⁄2C re-ceptors: mutual improvement of sleep, cognition and mood? Eur J Neurosci 29: 1795-1809, 2009

Leuthold S, Hagenbuch B, Mohebbi N, Wagner CA, Meier PJ, Stieger B: Mechanisms of pH-gradient driven transport mediated by organic anion polypeptide transporters. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296 (3): C570-82, 2009

Lutz TA: Control of food intake and energy expenditure by amylin-therapeutic implications. Int J Obes 33 Suppl 1: 24-7, 2009

Maciejewska Rodrigues H, Jüngel A, Gay RE, Gay S: Innate im-munity, epigenetics and autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Immunol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Matter CM, Stein MA: A dual role of CD4+ T cells in adipose tis-sue? Circ Res 104 (8): 928-30, 2009

Maurer B, Walder M, Gay RE, Gay S, Distler O: Systemic sclerosis: Objectives for the treatment. Z Rheumatol 68 (1): 37-43, 2009

Nucifora G, Schuijf JD, Tops LF, van Werkhoven JM, Kajander S, Jukema JW, Schreur JHM, Heijenbrok MW, Trines SA, Gaemperli O, Turta O, Kaufmann PA, Knuuti J, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ: Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Multislice Computed To-mography Coronary Angiography in Patients With Paroxysmal or Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2: 100-6, 2009

Ospelt C, Brentano F, Jüngel A, Rengel Y, Kolling C, Michel BA, Gay RE, Gay S: Expression, regulation, and signaling of the pat-tern-recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 60 (2): 355-63, 2009

Rohrer L, Ohnsorg PM, Lehner M, Landolt F, Rinninger F, von Eckardstein A: High-Density Lipoprotein Transport Through Aortic Endothelial Cells Involves Scavenger Receptor BI and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G1. Circ Res [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Stähli BE, Camici GG, Tanner FC: Drug-eluting stent thrombosis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 3 (1): 45-52, 2009

von Eckardstein A, Rohrer L: Transendothelial lipoprotein transport and regulation of endothelial permeability and integrity by lipopro-teins. Curr Opin Lipidol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 06-2009 June 2009

«Gesundheit ist ein Lebensgefühl»

Vorbeugen ist besser als Heilen, sagte vor 150 Jah-ren Elizabeth Blackwell, eine Pionierin der Präventiv-medizin. Ob dies auch heute richtig ist, diskutierten Thomas Lüscher, Kardiologe am Universitätsspital Zürich und Initiant der Firma Double Check sowie Jürg Kuoni, Gründer der Healthcheck GmbH an einer Veranstaltung des ZIHP.

► Lesen Sie den ganzen Artikel auf UZH News …

5th ZIHP Symposium - August 28, 2009 Detailed program and registration

The detailed program of the ► 5th ZIHP Symposium on August 28, 2009 is available now. Keynote lec-tures will cover topics including inflammation, hy-poxia, membrane transport and nitric oxide-hemoglo-bin interaction. Presentations and posters will give junior researchers the opportunity to present and dis-cuss their current work.

► Online registration and submission of posters

Deadline for submission of posters: July 9, 2009 Deadline for registration: August 14, 2009

Academic report 2008 of the ZIHP

The academic report 2008 of the ZIHP has been ac-cepted by the Executive Board of the University of Zurich and can be downloaded ► here.

Logo for the PhD Program imMed

The PhD Program in Integrative Molecular Medicine (imMed) has now its own logo, a modification of the ZIHP logo. The students of the PhD program are re-quested to put it on their presentations and posters.

New open PhD position

► Bile acid and HDL metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich

New members of the ZIHP

► Dr. Mathias Heikenwälder, Institute of Neuropa-thology, USZ (expertise “Immune system and in-flammation” in topic C / Milieu intérieur/Homeostasis).

► PD Dr. Ramin Khatami, Department of Neurology, USZ and Klinik Barmelweid/Aargau (expertise “Sleep physiology” in topic D / Central Regulation and Coor-dination).

► Dr. Antonella Palla, Department of Neurology, USZ (expertise “Vestibulo-oculomotoric and spatial perception” in topic D / Central Regulation and Coor-dination).

► Dr. Jeroen Goede, Clinic of Hematology, USZ as junior member (expertise “Physiological response to hypoxia” in topic B / Oxygen and Movement).

► Dr. Oliver Speer, Division of Hematology, Univer-sity Children's Hospital Zurich as junior member (ex-pertise “Hematology” in topic B / Oxygen and Move-ment).

► Dr. Marcel Egli, Space Biology Group, ETHZ as associated member (expertise “Muscle biology” in topic B / Oxygen and Movement).

Press review

► Grenzen für die Grössten Marcus Clauss von der Universität Zürich und Zoodi-rektor Alex Rübel diskutierten über die besonderen Probleme grosser Tiere – vom Saurier bis hin zum Elefanten. UZH News, 28. Mai 2009

► Immunabwehr ohne Lymphknoten? Professor Burkhard Becher und sein Team konnten nun nachweisen, dass Immunität auch in der Leber entstehen kann. UZH News, 26. Mai 2009

Recent publications

Brock M, Trenkmann M, Gay RE, Michel BA, Gay S, Fischler M, Ulrich S, Speich R, Huber LC: Interleukin-6 modulates the expres-sion of the bone morphogenic protein receptor type II through a novel STAT3-microRNA cluster 17/92 pathway. Circ Res 104 (10): 1184-91, 2009

► download

Beyer C, Schett G, Gay S, Distler O, Distler JH: Hypoxia. Hypoxia in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 11 (2): 220, 2009

De Conno E, Steurer MP, Wittlinger M, Zalunardo MP, Weder W, Schneiter D, Schimmer RC, Klaghofer R, Neff TA, Schmid ER, Spahn DR, Z'graggen BR, Urner M, Beck-Schimmer B: Anesthetic-induced improvement of the inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation. Anesthesiology 110 (6): 1316-26, 2009

Franken P, Kopp C, Landolt HP, Lüthi A: The functions of sleep. Eur J Neurosci 29 (9): 1739-40, 2009

Guiducci S, Distler JH, Milia AF, Miniati I, Rogai V, Manetti M, Fal-cini F, Ibba-Manneschi L, Gay S, Distler O, Matucci-Cerinic M: Stiff skin syndrome: evidence for an inflammation-independent fibrosis? Rheumatology (Oxford) [Epub ahead of print], 2009

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Hemmatazad H, Rodrigues HM, Maurer B, Brentano F, Pileckyte M, Distler JH, Gay RE, Michel BA, Gay S, Huber LC, Distler O, Jüngel A: Histone deacetylase 7, a potential target for the antifi-brotic treatment of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 60 (5): 1519-29, 2009

Huber L C, Jüngel A, Gay S: Targeting the Epigenetic Modifica-tions of Synovial Cells. In: New Therapeutic Targets in Rheuma-toid Arthritis. Edited by Tak PP. Birkhäuser, 193-206, 2009

Karouzakis E, Gay RE, Gay S, Neidhart M: Epigenetic control in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Nat Rev Rheumatol 5 (5): 266-72, 2009

Schartl, M, Gessler M, von Eckardstein A (2009): Lehrbuch „Bio-chemie und Molekularbiologie des Menschen“ Elsevier Verlag, München (ISBN: 978-3-437-43690-1)

Villa-Bellosta R, Ravera S, Sorribas V, Stange G, Levi M, Murer H, Biber J, Forster IC.: The Na+-Pi cotransporter PiT-2 (SLC20A2) is expressed in the apical membrane of rat renal proximal tubules and regulated by dietary Pi. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296 (4): F691-9, 2009

von Eckardstein A, Rohrer L: Transendothelial lipoprotein transport and regulation of endothelial permeability and integrity by lipopro-teins. Curr Opin Lipidol 20 (3): 197-205, 2009

Wojtal KA, Eloranta JJ, Hruz P, Gutmann H, Drewe J, Beglinger C, Fried M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Vavricka SR: Changes in mRNA ex-pression levels of solute carrier transporters in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Drug Metab Dispos [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 07/08-2009 July/August 2009

Go east – science and networking in the Sarganserland

By Lorenz Brandstätter, PhD student

The fourth annual retreat of the ► PhD Program in Integrative Molecular Medicine (imMed) took place in the mountain setting of eastern Switzerland, the Sarganserland. During our stay we were accommo-dated at the Seminarhotel Alvier above Oberschan on 1000 m altitude where we were blessed with a breathtaking view over part of the Rheintal and the surrounding mountains.

Traditionally the first part of the retreat was dedicated to science. A welcome coffee with Gipfeli prepared our brains for the excellent project presentations. Discussions were lively and comprehensive, espe-cially because of the large variety of sub-disciplines of Physiology represented by the students. The re-laxed and constructive working atmosphere contin-ued during the poster session at lunchtime. However, the social part of the retreat was also very attractive. Well-muscled scientists rapidly transformed the con-ference room into an entertainment location with a bowling alley.

Are you aware of the parallels between Aare and Amazonas? Home country presentations of our col-leagues from Brazil, Mexico, Russia and Switzerland left some of us dreaming about our next holidays, in particular as we could also enjoy the typical bever-

ages of those regions. As one of the rare occasions to meet the other students of the imMed program we spent an enjoyable evening chatting, having fun and competing against each other in international teams in Swiss style bowling (Kegeln) and at the soccer ta-ble (Töggeli-Kasten).

In the morning, quite early for some of the party peo-ple, we were hiking down to Trübbach. At the Hagerbach Test Gallery, a site for underground con-struction, fire tests, material tests and explosion ex-periments, we were equipped with miners’ helmets for a guided tour. Walking through the spooky dark galleries, we learned about the huge construction machinery needed to tunnel through a mountain and got an impressive (and loud) demonstration of gun firing training. The fire testing sites, where fire and rescue missions in tunnels can be simulated in an au-thentic setting, were highly interesting. The excursion ended with a racy ride on the gallery railway.

Finally, in the name of all the participating students, I thank Seraina Decasper and Daniel Meier who found these locations and Heidi Preisig for the organisation and her unfailing efforts for our well-being.

► Visit the photo album of the retreat

Events

August 28, 2009 ► 5th ZIHP Symposium Grosser Hörsaal OST, UniversitätsSpital Zürich. Please register by Friday, August 14, 2009. It is free of charge, but important for organizing the catering!

► Program and registration

July 16, 2009 ► Perlecan domain V improves stroke outcome. Prof. Gregory J. Bix, Texas A&M, College of Medi-cine, College Station, Texas, USA

August 07, 2009 ► Ligand-targeted molecules for imaging and therapy of cancer and inflammatory diseases Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

The well-helmeted imMed crew in the Hagerbach Test Gallery.

View of the Rheintal and the surrounding mountains.

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Open PhD positions

► Cellular remodelling of the kidney. Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Proton-activated receptors: local pH-sensing in metabolism, inflammation, and pain. Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Sirtuins in atherogenesis – novel anti-inflammatory effects. Clinic for Cardiology, USZ and Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Quantitative assessment of the morphology and the function of the kidney with 4D MRI. MR Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich

► SIRT2 and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent gene expression – role in atherogenesis. Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, UZH

► Human sleep pharmacogenetics. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UZH

► Inflammation in acute myocardial infarction. Clinic for Cardiology, USZ and Institute of Physiology

► Hypoxia modulation of the neuronal cytoskele-ton and neurodegeneration. Institute for Veterinary Physiology, UZH

► The role of atypical sphingolipids in health and disease. Divison of Clinical Chemistry, USZ

► Hypoxia and the blood-brain barrier. Institute for Veterinary Physiology, UZH

► Molecular analysis of pancreatic regeneration. Division of Surgical Research, USZ

► Neuroendocrine control of eating. Physiology and Behaviour Group, ETH Zurich

► Vascular effects of HDL in patients with stable coronary disease or acute coronary syndrome as compared to healthy subjects. Clinic for Cardio-logy, USZ and Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Bile acid and HDL metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Pharmacology & Toxicol., USZ

Press review

► Blutdoping – Pechstein musste gesperrt wer-den Max Gassmann war im Verfahren gegen die deut-sche Eisschnellläuferin Claudia Pechstein als neutra-ler Gutachter beteiligt. WELT ONLINE, 6. Juli 2009

► Operieren ohne Skalpell Daniel Jeanmonod und Ernst Martin führen Gehirn-operationen mit Ultraschall durch. NZZ am Sonntag, 21.Juni 2009

Recent publications

Balamurugan K, Luu VD, Kaufmann MR, Hofmann VS, Boysen G, Barth S, Bordoli MR, Stiehl DP, Moch H, Schraml P, Wenger RH, Camenisch G.: Onconeuronal cerebellar degeneration-related anti-gen, Cdr2, is strongly expressed in papillary renal cell carcinoma and leads to attenuated hypoxic response. Oncogene [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Barth S, Edlich F, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Gneuss S, Jahreis G, Hasgall PA, Fandrey J, Wenger RH, Camenisch G: HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD2 protein abundance depends on integral mem-brane-anchoring of FKBP38. J Biol Chem [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Fontana P, Boutellier U, Knöpfli-Lenzin C: Time to exhaustion at maximal lactate steady state is similar for cycling and running in moderately trained subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Ehses JA, Lacraz G, Giroix MH, Schmidlin F, Coulaud J, Kassis N, Irminger JC, Kergoat M, Portha B, Homo-Delarche F, and Donath MY: IL-1 antagonism reduces hyperglycemia and tissue inflamma-tion in the type 2 diabetic GK rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA in press, 2009

Gassmann M, Grenacher B, Rohde B, Vogel J: Quantifying West-ern blots: pitfalls of densitometry. Electrophoresis 30 (11): 1845-55, 2009

Jüngel A, Ospelt C, Lesch M, Thiel M, Sunyer T, Schorr O, Michel BA, Gay RE, Kolling C, Flory C, Gay S, Neidhart M: Effect of the oral application of a highly selective MMP-13 inhibitor in three dif-ferent animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, Ehses JA, Donath MY, Man-drup-Poulsen T: Sustained Effects of Interleukin-1-Receptor An-tagonist Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Palla A, Schmid-Priscoveanu A, Studer A, Hess K, Straumann D: Deficient high-acceleration vestibular function in patients with poly-neuropathy. Neurology 72 (23): 2009-13, 2009

Rütti S, Ehses JA, Sibler RA, Prazak R, Rohrer L, Georgopoulos S, Meier DT, Niclaus N, Berney T, Donat MY, von Eckardstein A: Low and high-density lipoproteins modulate function, apoptosis and pro-liferation of primary human and murine pancreatic beta cells. En-docrinology in press, 2009

Schläfli P, Borter E, Spielmann P, Wenger RH: The PAS-domain kinase PASKIN: a new sensor in energy homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 66 (5): 876-83, 2009

Seeger MA, von Ballmoos C, Verrey F, Pos KM: Crucial role of Asp408 in the proton translocation pathway of multidrug transporter AcrB: evidence from site-directed mutagenesis and carbodiimide labeling. Biochemistry 48 (25): 5801-12, 2009

Tarnutzer AA, Bockisch CJ, Straumann D: Head roll dependent variability of subjective visual vertical and ocular counterroll. Exp Brain Res 195 (4): 621-6, 2009

Farewell of ZIHP members

PD Dr. Jürg Schwitter, Dr. Thomas Loenneker and Dr. Alexey Kuroedov left the ZIHP.

From the editor’s desk

The ZIHP-News take a summer break. The next edi-tion will appear in September 2009.

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 09-2009 September 2009

«Think integrative, think ZIHP!»

The ► 5th ZIHP symposium on August 28, 2009 was – as in the previous years – a well-frequented opportunity for a get-together of basic researchers and clinicians whom the central location at the Uni-versity Hospital Zurich facilitated an escape from their tight schedules.

The ZIHP was proud to have all new members of the Scientific Advisory Board there, four of them gave the keynote lectures. Prof. François Mach, a cardiologist from the Geneva University Hospital, started with a comprehensive overview on the key role of inflamma-tion in atherosclerosis and the possibilities of modern imaging techniques to detect its development already in the precursor stages. Inflammation was also a ma-jor topic in the talk of Prof. Joachim Fandrey from the University of Duisburg-Essen on the linkage of oxy-gen sensing and oxygen homeostasis with the im-mune processes during inflammation. In the after-noon, Prof. Alan N. Schechter from the Molecular Medicine Branch of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, USA, talked about the free radical NO, its physiological functions and therapeutic implica-tions for vascular diseases. Finally, Prof. Olivier De-vuyst from the UCL Medical School in Brussels intro-duced his research topic with a historical reference to Zurich: The landmark concept on the composition of biomembranes was developed and published by Charles Overton in Zurich more than 100 years ago.

Between the keynote lectures, short presentations were given by junior researchers of the ZIHP. Fortu-nately, in more than half of them results from one of the current 16 ZIHP-funded cooperative projects were presented. The scientific and didactic standard of the presentations was high, the decision whom to award the prize for the best presentation was not easy: Congratulations to Stephan Wüest from the Di-vision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the University Children’s Hospital Zurich!

In the Dick & Davy foyer more than 100 posters pro-voked intensive and „hot“ discussions, due to the very warm weather and an insufficient ventilation of the foyer – we apologize for the latter. A dedicated jury of junior researchers elected the best four post-ers. Congratulations to the awardees Davide Ger-mano, Pavani Mocharla, Jan A. Ehses and Sarah P. Loughran!

A big thank you to all participants for their active con-tributions and intensive discussions. Or as the ZIHP chairman Max Gassmann said in his address of wel-come: Think integrative, think ZIHP!

► See some photos of the symposium.

Date of next year’s symposium: August 27, 2010

N e w – ZIHP Lunch Seminar at the University Hospital Zurich

This semester the ► ZIHP Seminar is scheduled as a lunch seminar at the University Hospital Zurich, on Tuesdays as before. 12:00 - 12:30 h Snack, 12:30 - 13:30 h Talk

September 22, 2009 ► Hypoxia signaling in cardiac growth and meta-bolism Dr. Jaya Krishnan, Institute of Cell Biology and Cen-ter of Competence for Systems Physiology and Me-tabolic Diseases, ETHZ

October 06, 2009 ► The intestinal innate immune system: TOLLerate or NOD? Prof. Gerhard Rogler, Clinic for Gastroenterology & Hepatology, USZ

October 20, 2009 Erythropoietin down-regulates threat processing in biomarker models of antidepressant drug action in healthy and depressed individuals. Dr. Kamilla Miskowiak, Department of Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Co-penhagen

► More ZIHP Lunch Seminars …

Inaugural lectures of ZIHP members

September 19, 2009 ► Neue Therapieoptionen bei Zystennieren PD Dr. Andreas Serra, Clinic for Nephrology, USZ and Institute of Physiology, UZH

September 26, 2009 ► The origins of gut feelings PD Dr. Mark Fox, Clinic for Gastroenterology & He-patology, USZ

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October 5, 2009 ►

October 3, 2009 ► Das kann einem an die Nieren gehen - Mecha-nismen erworbener Nephropathien PD Dr. Clemens D. Cohen, Clinic for Nephrology, USZ and Institute of Physiology, UZH

Grenzen kognitiver Kapazität - warum sind wir nicht klüger, als wir sind? Prof. Dr. Klaus Oberauer, Institute of Psychology, UZH

Further events

September 21, 2009 ► Biology of Prion Diseases Prof. Adriano Aguzzi, Institute of Neuropathology USZ

September 30, 2009 ► Publication Ethics Talk and panel discussion. Organized by the Ethics Committee UZH, in collaboration with Life Science Zurich and the Department for Research and Aca-demic Career Development UZH

October 5, 2009 ► Translational Multiple Sclerosis Research Dr. Jan Lünemann, Institute of Experimental Immu-nology, USZ

October 12, 2009 ► Targeted Tumor Therapies - Recent Pro-gresses, Future Hopes Dr. Michele Bernasconi, Experimental Infectious Dis-eases and Cancer Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich

October 21, 2009 ► Höhenbergsteigen – wann sind Medikamente angesagt? Prof. Marco Maggiorini, Department of Internal Medi-cine, USZ. Interdisziplinäre Ringvorlesung "Berge"

Press review

► Warum wir Affenhirne brauchen Umstrittene Experimente: Der Standpunkt des Zür-cher Wissenschaftlers und ZIHP-Mitglieds Kevan Martin. Tagesanzeiger, 17. September 2009

New member of the ZIHP

► Dr. Jyrki Eloranta, Division of Clinical Pharma-cology and Toxicology, USZ as junior member (ex-pertise “Nutrition: digestion, absorption and regula-tion” in topic C / Milieu intérieur/Homeostasis).

Recent publications

Achermann P: EEG Analysis Applied to Sleep. Epileptologie 26: 28-33, 2009

Biaggi P, Matthews F, Braun J, Rousson V, Kaufmann PA, Jenni R: Gender, age, and body surface area are the major determinants of ascending aorta dimensions in subjects with apparently normal echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 22 (6): 720-5, 2009

Bodenmann S, Rusterholz T, Dürr R, Stoll C, Bachmann V, Geissler E, Jaggi-Schwarz K, Landolt HP: The functional

Val158Met polymorphism of COMT predicts interindividual differ-ences in brain alpha oscillations in young men. J Neurosci 29 (35): 10855-62, 2009

Böni-Schnetzler M, Boller S, Debray S, Bouzakri K, Meier D, Prazak R, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Ehses JA, Schuit FC, Donath MY: Free Fatty Acids Induce a Pro-inflammatory Response in Is-lets via the 1 abundantly expressed Interleukin-1 Receptor I. En-docrinology, 2009

Busque SM, Wagner CA: Potassium restriction, high protein in-take, and metabolic acidosis increase expression of the glutamine transporter SNAT3 (Slc38a3) in mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297 (2): F440-50, 2009

Cohen CD, Kretzler M: Genexpressionsanalysen an Nierenbiop-sien/Gene expression analyses of kidney biopsies. Pathologe 30 (2): 101-4, 2009

Cohen CD: Will non-coding RNAs help to decipher renal allograft failure? Nephrol Dial Transplant 24 (8): 2325-7, 2009

Devuyst O, Lemaire M, Mohebbi N, Wagner C.: Autoantibodies against intercalated cells in Sjögren's syndrome. Kidney Int 76 (2): 229, 2009

Eloranta JJ, Hiller C, Hausler S, Stieger B, Kullak-Ublick GA: Vitamin D3 and its Nuclear Receptor Increase the Expression and Activity of the Human Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter. Mol Pharmacol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Gaemperli O, Husmann L, Schepis T, Koepfli P, Valenta I, Jenni W, Alkadhi H, Luscher TF, Kaufmann PA: Coronary CT angiogra-phy and myocardial perfusion imaging to detect flow-limiting stenoses: a potential gatekeeper for coronary revascularization? Eur Heart J [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Gebhard C, Stämpfli SF, Gebhard CE, Akhmedov A, Breitenstein A, Camici GG, Holy EW, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC: Guggulsterone, an anti-inflammatory phytosterol, inhibits tissue factor and arterial thrombosis. Basic Res Cardiol 104 (3): 285-94, 2009

Germano D, Blyszczuk P, Valaperti A, Kania G, Dirnhofer S, Landmesser U, Lüscher TF, Hunziker L, Zulewski H, Eriksson U: Prominin-1/CD133+ lung epithelial progenitors protect from bleo-mycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179 (10): 939-49, 2009

Ghezzi C, Murer H, Forster IC: Substrate Interactions of the Elec-troneutral Na+-Coupled Inorganic Phosphate Cotransporter (NaPi-IIc). J Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Handschin C: The biology of PGC-1alpha and its therapeutic po-tential. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30 (6): 322-9, 2009

Hersberger M, Müller M, Marti-Jaun J, Heid IM, Coassin S, Young TF, Waechter V, Hengstenberg C, Meisinger C, Peters A, König W, Holmer S, Schunkert H, Klopp N, Kronenberg F, Illig T: No as-sociation of two functional polymorphisms in human ALOX15 with myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 205 (1): 192-6, 2009

Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Siegrist PT, Tay FM, Burkhard N, Wyss CA, Kaufmann PA: Long-term prognostic value of 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Car-diol 54(2): 150-6, 2009

Herzog BA, Wyss CA, Husmann L, Gaemperli O, Valenta I, Treyer V, Landmesser U, Kaufmann PA: First Head-to-Head Comparison of Effective Radiation Dose from Low-Dose CT with Prospective ECG-Triggering versus Invasive Coronary Angiography. Heart [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Husmann L, Tatsugami F, Aepli U, Herzog BA, Valenta I, Veit-Haibach P, Buechel RR, Pazhenkottil AP, Gaemperli O, Burkhard N, Wyss CA, Kaufmann PA: Prevalence of noncardiac findings on low dose 64-slice computed tomography used for attenuation cor-rection in myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT. Int J Cardio-vasc Imaging [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Kania G, Blyszczuk P, Stein S, Valaperti A, Germano D, Dirnhofer S, Hunziker L, Matter CM, Eriksson U: Heart-Infiltrating Prominin-

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1+/CD133+ Progenitor Cells Represent the Cellular Source of Transforming Growth Factor {beta}-Mediated Cardiac Fibrosis in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circ Res [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Kaufmann PA, Di Carli MF: Hybrid SPECT/CT and PET/CT imag-ing: the next step in noninvasive cardiac imaging. Semin Nucl Med 39(5): 341-7, 2009

Koepfli P, Wyss CA, Gaemperli O, Siegrist PT, Klainguti M, Schepis T, Namdar M, Bechir M, Hoefflinghaus T, Duru F, Kauf-mann PA.: Left bundle branch block causes relative but not abso-lute septal underperfusion during exercise. Eur Heart J [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Lee J, Tattoli I, Wojtal KA, Vavricka SR, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE: pH-dependent Internalization of Muramyl Peptides from Early En-dosomes Enables Nod1 and Nod2 Signaling. J Biol Chem 284 (35): 23818-29, 2009

Lohmann C, Schäfer N, von Lukowicz T, Sokrates Stein MA, Borén J, Rütti S, Wahli W, Donath MY, Lüscher TF, Matter CM: Atherosclerotic mice exhibit systemic inflammation in periadventi-tial and visceral adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic islets. Athero-sclerosis [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Mihov D, Vogel J, Gassmann M, Bogdanova A: Erythropoietin ac-tivates nitric oxide synthase in murine erythrocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297 (2): C378-88, 2009

Mohebbi N, Mihailova M, Wagner CA: The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 (tacrolimus) is associated with transient metabolic acidosis and altered expression of renal acid-base transport proteins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297 (2): F499-509, 2009

Mohebbi N, Wagner CA: The "antibodyome": or, how to find anti-bodies? J Nephrol 22 (4): 439-41, 2009

Pedretti M, Rancic Z, Soltermann A, Herzog BA, Schliemann C, Lachat M, Neri D, Kaufmann PA: Comparative immunohistochemi-cal staining of atherosclerotic plaques using F16, F8 and L19: Three clinical-grade fully human antibodies. Atherosclerosis [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Renkema KY, Velic A, Dijkman HB, Verkaart S, van der Kemp AW, Nowik M, Timmermans K, Doucet A, Wagner CA, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG: The calcium-sensing receptor promotes urinary

acidification to prevent nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (8): 1705-13, 2009

Schuler B, Rettich A, Vogel J, Gassmann M, Arras M: Optimized surgical techniques and postoperative care improve survival rates and permit accurate telemetric recording in exercising mice. BMC Vet Res 5 (1): 28, 2009

Singer D, Camargo SM, Huggel K, Romeo E, Danilczyk U, Kuba K, Chesnov S, Caron MG, Penninger JM, Verrey F: Orphan trans-porter SLC6A18 is renal neutral amino acid transporter B0AT3. J Biol Chem 284 (30): 19953-60, 2009

Tarnutzer AA, Bockisch CJ, Straumann D, Olasagasti I: Gravity-dependence of subjective visual vertical variability. J Neurophysiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Van Werkhoven J, Gaemperli O, Schuijf JD, Jukema JW, Kroft LJ, Leschka S, Alkadhi H, Valenta I, Pundziute G, De Roos A, Van der Wall EE, Kaufmann PA, Bax JJ: Multi-slice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography for Risk Stratification in Patients with an Intermediate Pre-test Likelihood. Heart [Epub ahead of print], 2009

van Werkhoven JM, Schuijf JD, Gaemperli O, Jukema JW, Kroft LJ, Boersma E, Pazhenkottil A, Valenta I, Pundziute G, de Roos A, van der Wall EE, Kaufmann PA, Bax JJ: Incremental prognostic value of multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography over coronary artery calcium scoring in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Vielhauer V, Allam R, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Draganovici D, Mandelbaum J, Eltrich N, Nelson PJ, Anders HJ, Pruenster M, Rot A, Schlöndorff D, Segerer S: Efficient renal recruitment of macro-phages and T cells in mice lacking the duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. Am J Pathol 175 (1): 119-31, 2009

von Toerne C, Schmidt C, Adams J, Kiss E, Bedke J, Porubsky S, Gretz N, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Gröne HJ, Nelson PJ: Wnt Pathway Regulation in Chronic Renal Allograft Damage. Am J Transplant [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Bourgeois S, Mohebbi N: Regulated acid-base transport in the collecting duct. Pflugers Arch 458 (1): 137-56, 2009

Wagner CA: Hydrogen sulfide: a new gaseous signal molecule and blood pressure regulator. J Nephrol 22 (2): 173-76, 2009

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 10-2009 October 2009

Seven new cooperative projects awarded for the period 2010-2011: From auto-immune diseases to zebrafish mutants

The idea of the ZIHP cooperative projects is to bring basic and clinically-oriented researchers together whose combined expertise represents an "added value". The projects address questions of general biomedical interest and have a strong focus on the education of young researchers.

► Sleep, breathing and psychomotor perfor-mance at altitude

The cooperative project investigates the effects of al-titude on sleep, breathing, psychomotor performance and on the cardiovascular system in healthy subjects and patients with sleep apnea. The results will help to better understand mechanisms of sleep disturbances and psychomotor impairment induced by hypoxia and to prevent adverse effects of altitude exposure.

► Sirtuins in the immune system: From physio-logy to auto-inflammatory and auto-immune diseases

Sirtuins are enzymes that are implicated in metabo-lism and ageing. The cooperative project tests how sirtuins integrate the physiological response of the immune system to adapt to changes in glucose me-tabolism, circadian timing, joints, intestines, and ves-sels. Failure of these adaptive mechanisms promotes auto-immune or auto-inflammatory deregulations as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclero-sis.

► Enhanced cognitive functioning and memory by hypoxia and erythropoietin?

Apart from enhancing red blood cell synthesis, erythropoietin (Epo) is expressed in the brain when tissue oxygenation drops, a physiological event upon exposure to high altitude or pathologically upon ischemic injuries such as stroke. The cooperative project investigates whether cerebral Epo enhances learning and cognitive performance in mice and men.

► Paraoxonase-1: A detoxifying enzyme linking pathophysiological mechanisms from heart to retina

Paraoxonase-1 is an antioxidative enzyme with high relevance for the induction and progression of blin-ding diseases of the retina and of cardiovascular di-sease like atherosclerosis. The cooperative project investigates the genetic regulation of expression and

function of human and mouse Paraoxonase-1 and the link between cardiovascular and retinal disease.

► Synaptic homeostasis in normal and mentally retarded children and adolescents: from genes to behavior

The interplay between daytime brain activity and sleep is vital for the proper functioning of the brain and is likely influenced by genetic aberrations. In this cooperative project healthy children and children with mild mental retardation will be assessed before and after intensive cognitive training in a multimodal inte-grative way on genetic, anatomical, blood circulatory, electrical and functional levels.

► Using zebrafish mutant belladonna and hy-popigmented mice as disease models to study congenital nystagmus in human patients

Congenital nystagmus is a condition characterized by involuntary horizontal oscillations of both eyes and is often associated with visual pathway disorders. The cooperative project studies congenital nystagmus using zebrafish belladonna mutant, a highly accessi-ble and simple animal model that displays ocular mo-tor instabilities closely resembling those of humans.

► The mechanism and control of amino acid ab-sorption

Gastrointestinal function is regulated by feeding and nutrient absorption controlled by complex feedback mechanisms. Macronutrients such as proteins induce the release of gastrointestinal peptides that modulate visceral functions. The cooperative project studies the mechanism and control of amino acid absorption in a rat model and in humans.

Four projects existing since 2008 have been fully or partially prolonged for a third year.

► Erythropoietin: protecting the heart from cold global ischemia-reperfusion injury

► Thalamocortical interaction in brain state regu-lation during normal development and in epilepsy

► Regulation and functional characterization of transporters for drugs and endogenous sub-stances in the human intestine

► Cytoskeleton-mediated hypoxic signalling: Rho GTPases and degenerative disease

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Obituary

With deep regret and sadness the ZIHP has to inform that our member PD Dr. Andreas Zisch died on October 2, 2009 at the age of 48 after almost one year of fighting against his gastric cancer. He leaves a wife and two children. His enthusiasm, his humor and his drive will be dearly missed by his research group and his colleagues. Andreas Zisch was also substitutional member of the ZIHP Steering Committee.

Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin: heute und vor 60 Jahren

Von Christian Bauer, emeritierter Professor für Physiologie der Universität Zürich

Soeben wurden wieder die Nobelpreise vergeben. Jener für Physiologie oder Medizin ging an drei For-scher/innen aus den USA für die Aufschlüsselung, wie Chromosomen von Telomeren und dem Enzym Telomerase beschützt werden. Vor genau 60 Jahren ging er an die integrative Physiologie an der Univer-sität Zürich: 1949 erhielt der Zürcher Physiologe ► Professor Walter Rudolf Hess den Nobelpreis “für die Entdeckung der funktionalen Organisation des Zwischenhirns für die Tätigkeit von inneren Or-ganen”.

Was ist das, die „Tätigkeit von inneren Organen“? Zunächst denken wir an Magen, Pankreas und Spei-cheldrüsen, die für die Nahrungsaufnahme und Nah-rungsverarbeitung geordnet funktionieren müssen. Die hervorragende Leistung von Professor Hess und seinen Mitarbeitenden bestand darin, eine Schalt-stelle im Zentralnervensystem zu lokalisieren, die diese verschiedenen Funktionen steuert: das Zwischenhirn. Doch wie fanden sie das heraus? Sie führten Reizexperimente an Katzen durch und er-gänzten diese durch histologische Untersuchungen. Neben seiner Funktion als vegetatives Integrations-zentrum hat das Zwischenhirn auch ausgedehnte Verbindungen mit dem extrapyramidalen motorischen System. Jenes sorgt zusammen mit den Basalkernen für die Harmonie der Bewegungen und die Korrektur der Körperhaltung. Beispielsweise in einer An-griffssituation ist es unabdingbar, dass die Körpermo-torik mit den inneren Funktionen (Erhöhung des Blut-drucks, des Glukosespiegels und anderes mehr) koordiniert wird.

Wer noch mehr wissen will, dem sei Professor Hess’ ► Nobelpreisrede ans Herz gelegt. Oder ein persön-liches Kennenlernen: Sein Kopf glänzt als Bronze-skulptur direkt neben der Tür zur ZIHP-Geschäfts-stelle.

Events

October 21, 2009 ► Höhenbergsteigen – wann sind Medikamente angesagt? Prof. Marco Maggiorini, Department of Internal Medi-cine, USZ. Interdisziplinäre Ringvorlesung "Berge"

November 2, 2009 ► Transcriptional Control of Adipogenesis Prof. Dr. Christian Wolfrum, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETHZ

November 3, 2009: ZIHP Lunch Seminar ► From risk factors to endothelial dysfunction: Putative intracellular signaling PD Dr. Francesco Cosentino, Clinic for Cardiology, USZ

November 9, 2009 ► Gene Therapy for Human Genetic Diseases - Can In Utero Application Overcome some of its Present Hurdles? Prof. Dr. Charles Coutelle, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK

November 17, 2009: ZIHP Lunch Seminar ► Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment in functional neurosurgery Prof. Dr. Daniel Jeanmonod, University Children’s Hospital Zurich

New web pages of the PhD Program in Integrative Molecular Medicine (imMed)

New in Zurich and still without accomodation? Nearly lost in the administrative procedures? In need for money for your thesis project? Visit our new ► good to know page that provides information on the regis-tration procedure at the Faculty of Science UZH, transferable skills courses at UZH and ETHZ, funding possibilities and living in Zurich. More about scientific resources here in Zurich can be found on the ► list of expertise page. Already thinking about your future after your PhD? Inform yourself about the profes-sional whereabouts of the imMed alumni on our ► alumni page that we have expanded with links to the published PhD theses of the alumni. Neverthe-less, you can furthermore rely on our well-established pages with information about the ► application pro-cedure, the ► guidelines of the program, our ► graduate courses and the ► current PhD stu-dents of the program.

New graduate courses of the imMed Program

In autumn/winter 2009/2010 advanced education is offered with the following courses. Don’t miss the deadlines for registration!

► Introduction to descriptive & analytic statistics November 10/17/24, December 1, 2009

► Project management for research January 7 and 28, 2010

► Flow Cytometry January 11/12, 2010

► Electrophysiology February 16/17, 2010

► Mouse physiology and pathophysiology March 11/12, 2010

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Career Possibilities Series – autumn/winter 2010

The PhD students of the imMed Program and the In-stitute of Physiology proudly present the third edition of the ► Career Possibilities Series for autumn/ winter 2009/2010 where executives with a Life Sci-ence background talk about their current job and their own career.

Next talk: October 21, 2009 ► Dr. Willy Kinzy, Recruitment Research Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel

New PhD students of the imMed Program

Since the last recruitment round 12 PhD students have been accepted to the imMed Program. Wel-come!

Christian Caprara, Department of Ophthalmology, USZ Muriel Kaufmann, Institute of Physiology, UZH Asya Makhro, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, UZH Fredrick Owala, Institute of Physiology, UZH Damir Perisa, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, USZ Sabina Reggi, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, USZ Nikunj Shah, Institute of Physiology, UZH Rahel Sibler, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, USZ Katja Trompf, Institute of Anatomy, UZH Gisela Adrienne Weiss, Institute of Physiology, UZH Michael Welti, Institute of Physiology, UZH Jeannine Winkler, Division of Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich

New open PhD positions

► Synaptische Homöostase bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Vom Gen zum Verhalten Zentrum für Schlafmedizin, Universitäts-Kinder-kliniken Zürich

► Entwicklung von Nahinfrarot-Spektrometrie-geräten (NIRS) zur Untersuchung des Gehirns bei Kindern und Jugendlichen Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Clinic of Neonatology, USZ

► More open positions …

Press review

Wie Menschen Emotionen erinnern Dominique de Quervain und seine Kollegen fanden in einem vom ZIHP geförderten ► kooperativen Pro-jekt einen Erklärungsansatz für individuelle Unter-schiede. De Quervain arbeitete bis September 2009 an der Universität Zürich. ► Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 13. Oktober 2009 ► Pressemitteilung der Universität Basel

Congratulations

► Imane Azzouzi, PhD student of the imMed Pro-gram working in the Division of Hematology at the University Children’s Hospital Zurich, was awarded 101‘000 CHF by the ► Forschungskredit of the UZH.

The ► cover page of the October 2009 issue of Endocrinology depicts a figure from a joint publica-tion of the groups of Marc Donath and Arnold von Eckardstein resulting from a ZIHP funded ► cooperative project.

Recent publications

Bürgi S, Samardzija M, Grimm C: Endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor protects photoreceptor cells against light-induced degenera-tion. Mol Vis 15: 1631-7, 2009

Burkhard N, Herzog BA, Husmann L, Pazhenkottil AP, Burger IA, Buechel RR, Valenta I, Wyss CA, Kaufmann PA: Coronary calcium score scans for attenuation correction of quantitative PET/CT (13)N-ammonia myocardial perfusion imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Fontana P, Boutellier U, Toigo M: Reliability of measurements with Innocor during exercise. Int J Sports Med 30 (10): 747-53, 2009

Joly S, Samardzija M, Wenzel A, Thiersch M, Grimm C: Nonessential role of beta3 and beta5 integrin subunits for efficient clearance of cellular debris after light-induced photoreceptor de-generation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50 (3): 1423-32, 2009

Ogunshola OO, Antoniou X: Contribution of hypoxia to Alzheimer's disease: is HIF-1alpha a mediator of neurodegeneration? Cell Mol Life Sci [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Rasch B, Spalek K, Buholzer S, Luechinger R, Boesiger P, Papas-sotiropoulos A, de Quervain D. A genetic variation of the nor-adrenergic system is related to differential amygdala activation during encoding of emotional memories. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, Trummler M, Vavricka SR, Bruegger LE, Seibold F: Fecal Calprotectin Correlates More Closely With the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) than CRP, Blood Leukocytes, and the CDAI. Am J Gas-troenterol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Stucki M, Suormala T, Fowler B, Valle D, Baumgartner MR: Cryptic Exon Activation by Disruption of Exon Splice Enhancer: Novel mechanism causing 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. J Biol Chem 284 (42): 28953-7, 2009

Thiersch M, Lange C, Joly S, Heynen S, Le YZ, Samardzija M, Grimm C: Retinal neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression in pho-toreceptors. Eur J Neurosci 29 (12): 2291-302, 2009

Zeitzer JM, Buckmaster CL, Landolt HP, Lyons DM, Mignot E: Modafinil and gamma-hydroxybutyrate have sleep state-specific pharmacological actions on hypocretin-1 physiology in a primate model of human sleep. Behav Pharmacol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel. +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 11-2009 November 2009

Preventing the eruption of a volcano

A patient comes into the emergency room with in-tense chest pain. The diagnosis is: pending myocar-dial infarction. Immediately, physicians initiate drug therapy and try to reopen the occluded coronary ar-tery, hoping to save the patient’s life. Can we prevent such life-threatening events? This is one of the great challenges in cardiovascular research, as myocardial infarction and stroke are the leading causes of mor-tality in western countries.

What causes such events? Driven by risk factors such as high cholesterol, smoking and diabetes, atherosclerotic plaques may grow silently over de-cades. Inflammation plays a key role in this process, and may be particularly important when the plaque becomes unstable. Suddenly, the plaque may rupture – erupting like a volcano and leading to occlusion of a vital artery: Such an event may induce myocardial infarction in the heart, or stroke in the brain.

To detect early signs of this silent, smoldering unsta-ble plaque, 10 ZIHP members joined forces in 2007 to set up the cooperative project ► Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques: early detection, func-tional imaging, targeted treatment that will be fi-nished by the end of 2009. A major goal of the project was the search for specific biological markers of un-stable plaques, focusing on substances related to in-flammation. For improved insight into the anatomic localization of such vulnerable plaques, high-resolution imaging techniques were applied. MRI, PET and optical imaging techniques enabled visuali-zation of plaque composition that was correlated with macro- and microscopical analyses of arteries in pa-tients and mouse models.

For this integrative approach research groups with complementary expertise were brought together: The project provided a common platform for imaging spe-cialists with clinical or technical background, for ex-perts in microtissues and repair, and researchers with a background in atherogenesis, neurovascular inter-action, and gene expression. “This was challenging, fruitful, and fun”, says Christian Matter, the coordina-tor of the project. The same applied to the supervi-sion of the five PhD students who were “shared” be-tween labs. The intensive networking was an effort that yielded a good return: All of these PhD students are about to finish their theses within the next months. Numerous publications have added valuable puzzle pieces to the current knowledge in this field.

Fortunately, this ZIHP cooperative project has opened the doors to an even larger project. Within the ► Special Program University Medicine (SPUM) – funded by the Swiss National Foundation – more than 20 experts from the Universities of Zurich, Bern, Geneva and Lausanne will focus on the clinical aspects of acute coronary syndromes. Further knowl-edge on the prognostic impact of known and novel biomarkers is necessary to tailor interventions. These could be lifestyle changes or systemic drug therapy – with the ultimate goal to take care of our patient with unstable plaque before he enters the emergency room.

Author: Magdalena Seebauer

ZIHP cooperative projects in the research data-base of the University of Zurich

All current and future cooperative projects of the ZIHP are now listed in the ► research database of the UZH. H

PD Dr. Christian Matter, the coordinator of the ZIHP- funded cooperative project.

Genes

TissueCells

OrganGenes

TissueCells

Organ

Novel markers of unstable atherosclerotic plaques were investigated at different levels.

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Events

November 13, 2009 ► Physiological monitoring in sepsis and other shock states Alex Dyson, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Col-lege London, UK

November 16, 2009 ► Sehen und Nicht-Sehen Mit Christina Fasser, Geschäftsleiterin von Retina Suisse und Prof. Christian Grimm von der Augen-klinik des USZ. Moderation: Beat Glogger, Wissenschaftsjournalist Veranstaltungsreihe Menschen, Erkennen, Evolution

November 17, 2009: ZIHP Lunch Seminar ► Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment in functional neurosurgery Prof. Daniel Jeanmonod, Faculty of Medicine, UZH and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine

November 18, 2009 ► Career Possibilities Series Dr. Petra Jantzer, Partner, Dr. Panco Georgiev, Sen-ior Associate, Marina Mueller, Recruiting Coordinator, McKinsey & Company Zurich

November 24, 2009 ► Role of PHD2 in tumor formation Mattia Bordoli, Institute of Physiology, UZH

November 26, 2009: ZIHP Special Seminar ► Epo and performance and how to detect its misuse Prof. Giuseppe Banfi, IRCCS Galeazi and School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Prof. Paul Robach, Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme (ENSA), Medical Department, Chamonix, France

November 30, 2009 ► New developments in the genetics of Rett syn-drome like disorders Prof. Anita Rauch, Institute of Medical Genetics, UZH

December 1, 2009: ZIHP Lunch Seminar ► The neurogenic vascular niche of the carotid body and its activation by hypoxia Prof. José López-Barneo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Uni-versidad de Sevilla, Spain

Dezember 2, 2009 ► Career Possibilities Series Dr. Thomas Wirz, Rechtsanwalt, Maier & Hagger Rechtsanwälte, Zurich

December 7, 2009 ► The mouse in biomedical research - a technical and medical challenge PD Dr. Margarete Arras, Division of Surgical Re-search, USZ

December 8, 2009 ► Regularory networks in remodelling the proxi-mal tubule during acidosis Dr. Marta Nowik, Institute of Physiology, UZH

Press review

► 60 Sekunden für das Wesentliche Zwei Studierende des imMed-Programms stellten beim Kurs Wissenschaftskommunikation ihre Fähig-keiten unter Beweis: Adrienne Weiss vom Physiolo-gischen Institut der UZH und Damir Perisa vom Insti-tut für Klinische Chemie des USZ. UZH News, 11. November 2009

► International Laboratory Spotlight: Human Sleep Psychopharmacology Laboratory (Landolt Group) Sleep Research Society Bulletin, Sept. 22, 2009

► Nickerchen über den Wolken Der «Solar Impulse»-Pilot Piccard wird jeweils nur kurz schlafen können. Wie er Müdigkeitssymptome medikamentös bekämpfen kann, erklärt Hanspeter Landolt von der UZH. SonntagsZeitung, 28. Juni 2009

Congratulations

► PD Dr. Clemens Cohen, ZIHP member from the Clinic for Nephrology, USZ and Institute of Physiol-ogy, UZH was awarded the ► Carl-Ludwig-Nach-wuchspreis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nephrologie.

► Prof. Daniel Brandeis, ZIHP member from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZH has accepted a call as professor for Developmental Clinical Neurophysiology at the ► Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University Heidelberg (continuing part time in Zurich).

► PD Dr. Malcolm Kohler, ZIHP member from the Clinic for Pneumology, USZ has received the Spon-sors Award 2009 of the ► Swiss Society of Sleep Research, Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology.

Farewell of ZIHP members

Prof. Hansjörg Scherberger has left the ZIHP and moved to the ► German Primate Center in Göttin-gen.

New open PhD positions

► Effect of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity on the lipid composition in blood samples and tissues of mice and humans Institute for Clinical Chemistry/Clinic for Cardiology, USZ

► The mechanism and control of amino acid ab-sorption Institute of Physiology, UZH

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► The function of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) within the mouse and human eye and its association with loss of vision Institute of Medical Genetics, UZH / Department of Ophthalmology, USZ

► Ventilator-related tissue damage in infants Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich

► Analysis of involuntary eye movements in ani-mal models and humans Institute of Zoology, UZH

► Molecular analysis of pancreatic regeneration Division of Surgical Research, Department of Sur-gery, USZ

► Quantitative assessment of the morphology and the function of the kidney with 4D MRI MR Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich

► SIRT2 and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent gene expression – role in atherogenesis Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UZH

► Neuroendocrine control of eating Physiology and Behaviour Group, ETH Zurich

► Hypoxia and the blood-brain barrier Institute of Veterinary Physiology, UZH

► More open positions …

Recent publications

Becskei C, Lutz TA, Riediger T: Blunted Fasting-Induced Hypotha-lamic Activation and Refeeding Hyperphagia in Late-Onset Obe-sity. Neuroendocrinology [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Bogdanova A, Berenbrink M, Nikinmaa M: Oxygen-dependent ion transport in erythrocytes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 195 (3): 305-19, 2009

Centanin L, Gorr TA, Wappner P: Tracheal remodelling in re-sponse to hypoxia. J Insect Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Doehnert M, Brandeis D, Imhof K, Drechsler R, Steinhausen HC: Mapping Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder from Childhood to Adolescence-No Neurophysiologic Evidence for a Developmental Lag of Attention but Some for Inhibition. Biol Psychiatry [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Dubois L, Magagnin MG, Cleven AH, Weppler SA, Grenacher B, Landuyt W, Lieuwes N, Lambin P, Gorr TA, Koritzinsky M, Wout-ers BG: Inhibition of 4E-BP1 sensitizes U87 glioblastoma xenograft tumors to irradiation by decreasing hypoxia tolerance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73 (4) : 1219-27, 2009

Fontana P, Boutellier U, Toigo M: Non-invasive haemodynamic assessments using Innocor during standard graded exercise tests. Eur J Appl Physiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Mandelkow H, Brandeis D, Boesiger P: Good practices in EEG-MRI: The utility of retrospective synchronization and PCA for the removal of MRI gradient artefacts. Neuroimage [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Matter CM, Stuber M, Nahrendorf M: Imaging of the unstable plaque: how far have we got? Eur Heart J 30 (21): 2566-74, 2009

Meinecke I, Pap G, Mendoza H, Drange S, Ender S, Strietholt S, Gay RE, Seyfert C, Ink B, Gay S, Pap T, Peters MA.: Small ubiq-uitin-like modifier 1 [corrected] mediates the resistance of prosthe-sis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes against Fas-induced apoptosis. Arthritis Rheum 60 (7): 2065-70, 2009

Mihov D, Bogdanov N, Grenacher B, Gassmann M, Zünd G, Bog-danova A, Tavakoli R: Erythropoietin protects from reperfusion-induced myocardial injury by enhancing coronary endothelial nitric oxide production. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 35 (5): 839-46, 2009

Ospelt C, Gay S: TLRs and chronic inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Potes CS, Riediger T, Lutz T A: Noradrenergic neurons of the area postrema mediate amylin's anorectic action. Appetite 52 (3): 853, 2009

Sarnthein J, Andersson M, Zimmermann MB, Zumsteg D: High test-retest reliability of checkerboard reversal visual evoked poten-tials (VEP) over 8 months. Clin Neurophysiol 120 (10): 1835-40, 2009

Schuler B, Arras M, Keller S, Rettich A, Lundby C, Vogel J, Gass-mann M: Optimal hematocrit for maximal exercise performance in acute and chronic erythropoietin-treated mice. PNAS in press, 2009

Van der Mark S, Bucher K, Maurer U, Schulz E, Brem S, Buck-elmüller J, Kronbichler M, Loenneker T, Klaver P, Martin E, Brandeis D: Children with dyslexia lack multiple specializations along the visual word-form (VWF) system. Neuroimage 47 (4): 1940-9, 2009

Verges S, Renggli AS, Notter DA, Spengler CM: Effects of different respiratory muscle training regimes on fatigue-related variables during volitional hyperpnoea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol [Epub ahead of print], 2009

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Second edition. Edited by A. John Camm, Thomas F. Lüscher, Patrick W. Serruys.

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14

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ZIHP-News 12-2009 December 2009

Tempted by Epo

The timing could not have been better: One day after the German ice speed skater Claudia Pechstein was found guilty to have manipulated her blood, the ZIHP Special Seminar on Epo, its effects on performance and its detection took place.

The five-time olympic gold medal winner and best ever German winter athlete Pechstein was convicted by the CAS, the highest international sports tribunal by indirect evidence, namely by her abnormal values of reticulocytes. These are the circulating precursors of the mature red blood cells. The tribunal located in Lausanne found that the best possible explanation for her elevated percentage of reticulocytes was that she had misused Epo.

In the ZIHP Special Seminar, two experts explained the underlying physiological principles of Epo doping and the associated challenges for reliable detection: Prof. Paul Robach from the Ecole Nationale de Ski et d’Alpinisme in Chamonix, France and Prof. Giuseppe Banfi from the School of Medicine of the University of Milan in Italy.

Epo dramatically enhances performance

Prof. Robach illustrated the enormous attraction of Epo doping by its dramatic physiological effect: “En-durance performance can be increased by more than 50%!” This means that exercise at a high, but still submaximal working intensity can be sustained one and a half times longer.

Where does this effect come from? Epo – or erythro-poietin as its full name reads – stimulates the forma-tion of red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsi-ble for the transport of oxygen from the lung to the

exercising muscle – or to any other place in the body. Several groups have investigated whether Epo aug-ments performance also by other mechanisms than increasing the blood’s oxygen transport capacity. Up to now, there was only one oberservation: Epo was found to lead to preferential blood flow redistribution towards the exercising muscle. No Epo-related changes could be found in muscle fibers or in muscle metabolism. Thus, red blood cells – and the associ-ated parameters like total hemoglobin or hematocrit – are the major players in the game.

Interestingly, performance enhancement by Epo works well from sea level up to an altitude of about 3500 m. At higher altitudes the effect vanishes. The underlying reason is still hypothetical: Possibly the advantageous blood flow redistribution to the exercis-ing musculature does not occur at high altitude. Per-haps the body protects some vital organs from dele-terious oxygen deficit. The implications for this finding are high. “Many athletic competitions take place at these altitudes. For example bicycle races over mountain pass roads or touring ski competitions”, ex-plains Robach.

The problem of how to identify cheating athletes

Detection of Epo is difficult, not only because it is also produced naturally in the body. The urinary de-tection test used by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) can discriminate between exogenous and endogenous Epo. Nevertheless, doping hunters have to face several problems: The time window for detec-tion is short (12 – 18 hours), there can be false posi-tive results due to strenuous exercise, and testing is very expensive. Therefore, the search for alternative strategies is essential. Cut-off values of hemoglobin concentration or of the percentage of reticulocytes are currently used. The latter led to the conviction of Claudia Pechstein. The court of arbitration stated that “the percentage of reticulocyte values shown by the athlete constituted abnormal values in comparison with both the general population in Europe and other elite speed skaters, as well as in comparison with their own usual values.”

The Pechstein verdict points out the problem: mea-surements can only be compared with other individu-als – who might be less trained or even sedentary, who might perform other sports disciplines, who might be under medical treatment, who might live at a different altitude. Or to the probands’ own values at another time. This was also one of Prof. Banfis main

Cycling is the sport most associated with Epo doping - at least in the public opinion. (Picture: pixelio.de/ P. Kirchhoff)

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points: “The seasonal variations are massive. They have to be considered.” The assessment of Pech-stein’s blood values profoundly referred to Prof. Ban-fis expertise concerning reticulocytes. His studies showed that the percentage of reticulocytes substan-tially underlies the competitive season. This was also true for other blood parameters: blood hemoglobin concentration dramatically decreases in cyclists dur-ing hard competitions to nearly anemic values. Peri-odic sampling of the athletes is indispensable to de-tect a delinquent. This approach is now being imple-mented with the newly launched “blood passport”. In this passport, the reference values of the athlete are recorded over the course of the time.

Quality control is essential

Prof. Banfi severely criticized the quality of the ana-lyzing laboratories: “Results highly depend on the

machines used, its calibration and the experimental protocol. Hospital laboratories would be closed for such an output, in sports medicine this seems to be normal.” He calls for an exact quality control scheme for the same specimen instead of a second opinion from a different laboratory, the so-called “B sample”.

Until then, much work remains to be done, be it in the procedures of blood analytics or in the evaluation of the available data. The latter did ZIHP chairman Max Gassmann: In several night shifts he delved into hundreds of pages of the Pechstein dossier to assist the court as one of the decisive experts.

Author: Magdalena Seebauer

The ZIHP Special Seminar on November 26, 2009:

► Epo and performance and how to detect its misuse

Unveiling the influence of gravity on life

An interdisciplinary research team including the ZIHP members Marcel Egli, Alfredo Franco-Obregón and Ian Forster investigates the molecular mechanisms of microgravity-induced muscle atrophy.

Mechanical stimuli modulate the growth and deve-lopment of the body’s tissues. Skeletal muscle com-prises more than half of all mechano-sensitive tissue mass. Consequently, the impact of mechanical un-loading on muscle – as it occurs during space flights – is enormous: It leads to a loss of muscular mass and muscular force. Combating the enduring force of gravity on Earth to maintain normal posture is one of our largest daily energy expenditures. It is also an important stimulus for the build-up and the preserva-tion of the musculature. The consequence of a so-called microgravity environment is muscle atrophy – one of the most detrimental of all the known conse-quences of manned space flight.

Changes in muscular calcium influx suggested

Muscle development depends on calcium influx. This influx activates further intracellular signals, leading to muscle differentiation. A research team comprising several partners from the Space Biology Group, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, and from the Insti-tute of Physiology, University of Zurich, has gener-ated preliminary data strongly suggesting that micro-gravity reduces calcium entry across the muscle membrane. Although the precise calcium entry path-way remains to be elucidated, calcium channels that open in response to mechanical stimuli are prime candidates. Experiments are conducted using eggs (oocytes) from the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. These eggs express endogenous mechano-sensitive channels. A further advantage of Xenopus eggs is that non-native calcium channels

can also be studied by injecting into them the corre-sponding genetic materials.

The impact of understanding the underlying molecu-lar mechanisms is high, not only for space biologists, but also for the population living on Earth: It may offer

The experimental equipment for the oocyte experiments and the members of the research team: Marcel Egli (Space Biology, ETH), Ian Forster (Physiology, UZH), Alfredo Franco-Obregón (Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH), Daniele Henggeler (Space Biology, ETH), Simon Pertschy (NTB, Buchs), Stéphane Richard (Space Biology, ETH), Daniel Schaffhauser (Organic Chemistry, ETH). (Picture: D. Henggeler, provided)

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insight into the causes of muscle wasting that affects immobilized patients and the elderly.

22 seconds of zero gravity during parabolic flights

A specially modified Airbus A300 is used for para-bolic flights to create microgravity. The aircraft is based in Bordeaux, France and administered under the auspices of the European Space Agency (ESA). Each flight campaign comprises three flight days dur-ing which two sequences of 15 consecutive parabo-las are flown. At the upper phase of the flight maneu-ver, approximately 22 seconds of zero gravity are maintained – long enough to perform useful experi-ments.

In a collaborative effort between engineers, biomedi-cal researchers and technicians a modular, compact, and portable electrophysiology rig was designed and realized. The complete system includes a recording chamber, data acquisition hardware and control elec-tronics for maintaining the oocyte in a pressure and temperature stable environment. The state-of-the art electronic hardware and software were developed by engineers at the Interstate University of Applied Sci-ences of Technology Buchs, Switzerland.

The analysis of the data gathered during last year’s parabolic flight campaign demonstrated the “proof of principle”: Electrophysiological recordings from an oocyte could be made during the rather special physically demanding conditions during the parabolic flight. The data indicated that the transmembrane current of native Xenopus oocytes is reduced by 10 – 15% under microgravity only. For further experiments the oocyte chamber was redesigned based on a sys-tem originally developed at the EPFL by a team di-rected by Prof. Martin Gijs of the Microengineering Group. This system incorporates an integrated fluid control system to exchange the solution surrounding the oocyte. It was tested for the first time this No-vember. Oocytes were freshly prepared by Eva Hän-senberger and Chiara Ghezzi at the Institute of Physiology in Zurich before being transported to Bor-deaux. This prototype will pave the way for a multi-channel system to allow recording from a number of cells simultaneously.

Authors: Marcel Egli and Ian Forster

Events

January 11, 2010 ► Weltraummedizin: Was macht die Schwerkraft mit unserem Körper? Mit Prof. Hanns-Christian Gunga vom Zentrum für Weltraummedizin in Berlin. Moderation: Prof. Oliver Ullrich, Anatomisches Institut der Universität Zürich Veranstaltungsreihe Menschen, Erkennen, Evolution

January 13, 2009 ► Career Possibilities Series Dr. Simone Camargo & PD Dr. Lubor Borsig, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich

January - February 2010 ► Advanced training in Neurology

New ZIHP members

► Dr. Peter Klaver, MR-Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, as junior member (expertise “Neuro-physiology of development” in topic D / Central Regu-lation and Coordination).

► Dr. Louise Østergaard, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, as junior member

(expertise “Physiological response to hypoxia” in topic B / Oxygen and Movement).

View inside the Airbus A300 showing various experimental rigs. (Picture: I. Forster)

► Dr. Vincenzo Cannizzaro, Intensive Care Medi-cine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, as junior member (expertise “Pathophysiology of hypoxia / ischaemia” in topic B / Oxygen and Movement).

ZIHP members in the public press

► «Wir werden immer intelligenter» Unimagazin 4/2009, 7. Dezember 2009

► Der Traum vom leichten Leben Unimagazin 4/2009, 7. Dezember 2009

► Wenn der menschliche Motor versagt Unimagazin 4/2009, 7. Dezember 2009

► Chronische Entzündung und Leberkrebs Unimagazin 4/2009, 7. Dezember 2009

► Millionäre sollen Spitäler füllen Tages-Anzeiger, 5. Dezember 2009

► Im Zweifelsfall gedopt 20 Minuten, 3. Dezember 2009

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► Warum träge wird, wer häufig isst Tages-Anzeiger, 3. Dezember 2009

► "Tierversuchskommission agierte willkürlich" Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 1. Dezember 2009

Congratulations

► Reto Rapold, PhD student of the imMed working at the University Children's Hospital Zurich was awarded the prize for the best poster of a student at the Annual Meeting of the Swiss Society for Endocri-nology and Diabetology.

New open PhD positions

► Amino acid transport through the blood-brain barrier Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Inflammation in acute myocardial infarction Cardiovascular Research, USZ

► The mechanism and control of amino acid ab-sorption Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Waveform characteristics and disease model-ing of congenital nystagmus in humans Neurology Department, USZ

► Hypoxia and the blood-brain barrier Institute of Veterinary Physiology, UZH

► Renal and intestinal epithelial transport of inor-ganic phosphate in body control of phosphate Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Investigation of the role of the Wnt-beta-catenin signalling pathway in clear cell renal cell carci-noma Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Investigation of the role of cell cycle signalling networks in clear cell renal cell carcinoma Institute of Physiology, UZH

► Atypical sphingolipids - Implications in health and disease Institute for Clinical Chemistry, USZ

► MD Thesis: Sleep, breathing and psychomotor performance at altitude Clinic for Pneumology, USZ

► More open positions …

Recent publications

Bueter M, Löwenstein C, Olbers T, Wang M, Cluny NL, Bloom SR, Sharkey KA, Lutz TA, le Roux CW: Gastric bypass increases en-ergy expenditure in rats. Gastroenterology [Epub ahead of print], 2009

Hülsmeier AJ, Deplazes P, Naem S, Nonaka N, Hennet T, Köhler P: An Echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen is a surface glyco-protein with unique O-gycosylation. Glycobiology 20 (1): 127-35, 2009

Läubli H, Spanaus KS, Borsig L: Selectin-mediated activation of endothelial cells induces expression of CCL5 and promotes metas-tasis through recruitment of monocytes. Blood 114 (20): 4583-91, 2009

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From the editor’s desk

Merry Christmas and all the best for the new year!

Imprint Editorial staff: Magdalena Seebauer, Annemarie Brennwald, Heidi Preisig, and Max Gassmann Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, URL: http://www.zihp.uzh.ch, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel +41 44 635 50 88/47, Fax +41 44 635 68 14