Zhanyi Gao China National Center for Efficient Irrigation ...Zhanyi Gao PhD China National Center...
Transcript of Zhanyi Gao China National Center for Efficient Irrigation ...Zhanyi Gao PhD China National Center...
Zhanyi Gao PhD
China National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research (NCEI)
McGill Conference on Global Food Security
Oct 20, 2010
Food Security and Irrigation Development in China
Water and Land Resources Distribution in Space
South ChinaNorth China
Water Land
0
20
40
60
80
100%
80%
20%
38%
62%
85,400 reservoirs ,total storage capacity 634.5 billion m3
Total irrigated area 57.8 million ha with. 402 are large irrigation districts, each with irrigated area more than 20,000 ha
4.39 million pumping wells irrigate area 16.89 million ha
506,000 pumping stations
Summary of achievement (by the end of 2008)
Role of Irrigation in China
Yi el d( kg/ ha)
( 173%)
( 112%)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
Rai nf ed I r r i gat ed paddy I r r i gat ed Upl andcr ops
Challenge 1 Growing Population(million)
1272
1372
14591476
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
2000 2010 2020 2030
Grain Demand Increasing with Population Increasing
(million T)
504566
625664
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000 2010 2020 2030
Challenge 3 Water Competition and Scarcity(%)
68. 8
20. 710. 5
0102030405060708090
100
Agr i cul t ur e I ndust r y Domest i c
Draught Occur Frequency and Cereal Losses
05
1015202530354045
1950- 1990 1991- 2007
Dr aught F( %)Cer eal L( %)
Rehabilitation of irrigation schemes with the objectives of increasing irrigation efficiency and productivitySince 1998, rehabilitation and
modernization for large-scale irrigation schemes has been carried out with objective to upgrade 402 large irrigation schemes by 2020
Stipulating and modifying related Laws and Regulations
《Water Law》《Agriculture Law》《Agricultural Technology Extension Law》
• Main structures, main and branch canals are managed by irrigation district bureau
• Lateral and sub-lateral canals are managed by WUA• Irrigation management has been improved by
introducing WUA, provided water users with better service.
Irrigation district management system WUA Water users
Introducing Water Use Association(WUA) to manage irrigation water
+ +
Set up WUA
Strengthening the protection and proper utilization of groundwater
In China 29.2% of irrigated area depends on groundwater . About half population in rural areas depend on groundwater for drinking water supply.
IRRIG, PRECIP
ET
Soil Water Reservoir
Surface runoff
Percolation
Upward GW
movemen
Interflow
Active root zone
Capillary fluxes
Subsurface drainage
Return flows
(Q,L)
Return flows (Q,L)
Leaching Fraction
Capillary fringe
Manage the soil water reservoir
Improvement Water Management at Different Scales
Integrated Water Management
On Farm Irrigation Scheme Basin
South to North Water Transfer
海河Haihe river
淮河Huaihe river
黄河 Yellow river
长江Yangtze river
西线工程WL
中线工程ML 东
线工程EL
Food Security
Food Supply Food Demand
DomesticProduction
International Market Basic Demand Increased Demand
Manage Demand