Zhangbu Xu (BNL) Ming Shao (USTC) eSTAR Concept Kinematics and Acceptance eSTAR Detector Simulations...
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Zhangbu Xu (BNL)Ming Shao (USTC)
eSTAR Concept
Kinematics and Acceptance
eSTAR Detector Simulations
Why GTRD
GEM TRD detector R&D progress
Summary
GEM Based TRD R&D Progress
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Physics Deliverables (EIC whitepaper)
1. Proton Spin2. Motion of partons3. Imagining4. Dense Gluonic
QCD matter5. Quark
Hadronization
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RHIC: eight key unanswered questionsHot QCD Matter Partonic structure
6: Spin structure of the nucleon7: How to go beyond leading twist and collinear factorization?
8: What are the properties of cold nuclear matter?
1: Properties of the sQGP2: Mechanism of energy loss:
weak or strong coupling?3: Is there a critical point, and if so, where?4: Novel symmetry properties5: Exotic particles
STAR DECADAL PLAN
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Current STAR Experiment
MRPC ToF Barrel
BBC
PMD
FPD
FMS
EMC BarrelEMC End Cap
DAQ1000
FGT
COMPLETE
Ongoing
MTD
R&DHFT
TPC
FHC
HLT
pp2pp’ pp2pp’
trigger computing
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STAR Concept
Large Coverage
Low Material
Electron and hadron ID with gas detector and TOF, EMC
Extend this concept to hadron direction GEM tracker (VFGT) Forward Calorimetry
Extend this concept to electron direction Re-instrument inner TPC TRD+TOF Crystal Calorimeter (BSO)
Evolution, not a revolution!
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DIS – eSTAR Kinematics
Resolution!
Jets
PID
ugprade
x
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7STAR Upgrade --- Huan Huang
STAR forward instrumentation upgrade
• Forward instrumentation optimized for p+A and transverse spin physics
– Charged-particle tracking– e/h and γ/π0 discrimination– Baryon/meson separation
eSTAR specific upgrades: EToF: e, π , K identification,ETRD: electron ID and hadron trackingBSO: 5 GeV, 10 GeV electron beamsRe-instrument HFT
FHC (E864)
~ 6 GEM disksTracking: 2.5 < η <
4
RICH/Threshold Baryon/meson
separation?
nucleus electron>2016
W-Powder EMCal
FHC (E864)
Pb-Sc HCal
Forward Calorimeter System (FCS)
BSO
iTPC
ETTIE
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Proven STAR Capabilities
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Simulation Geometry
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A Pythia Simulation Event
Only TPC and ETTIE are
shown
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Occupancy and pile-up ii)
Beam species
Sqrt(s) Peak Luminosity (cm-2s-1)
Cross section (cm2)
Nch/d Track density (dNch/d MHz)
Hit density impact hit finding
Space charge impact tracking
e+p 5x250 1034 10-28 0.7 0.7
Au+Au 100x100 5x1027 7x10-24 161 6 Minor Corrected to good precision
p+p 100x100 5x1031 3x10-26 2 3 Minor Corrected to good precision
p+p 250x250 1.5x1032 4x10-26 3 18 Significant for inner
Corrected to acceptable
DIS: Q2~>1 GeV2
QED α=1/137 and low multiplicity an order of magnitude lower pile-up than RHIC
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eSTAR Acceptance
5x250 10x250
GEANT Simulation with eSTAR geometryInclusive Acceptance:Scattered Electron in x-Q2
TPC hits>15BSO and TRD Efficiency assumed 90%
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x-Q2 coverage (with x resolution <20%)
Energy resolution A Energy resolution A
ep 10+250ep 5+250
iTPC+TRD
pT=2GeV/cWithout iTPCwithout vertex
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First Stage eRHIC electron/hadron PID
Electron coverage: 1>eta>-2.5PID e/h: 1000
Low material: photon conversion
e
h
INT report (arXiv:1108.1713) Fig.7.18.
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TPC Inner Sector Upgrade Staggered readout
Only 13 maximum possible points Issues in Tracking: recognition and resolution
Only reads ~20% of possible gas path length Inner sectors essentially not used in dE/dx
Essentially limits TPC effective acceptance to |η|<1
Inner TPC Upgrade:1. MWPC (SDU/SINAP)
ATLAS sTGCChinese 973 project
2. Mechanics (LBL/BNL)Eric Anderson
3. Electronics (BNL/ALICE)4. Schedule (2017)
=±1 =±1.2 =±2
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TRD+TOF at Endcap (-2<<-1)
Inner tracking TPC (endcap region):
TRD + TOF/Absorber sandwich
• Within <70cm space inside endcap• TOF as start-time for BTOF and MTD
• TOF + dE/dx for electron ID• TOF for hadron PID
• Extend track pathlength with precise points
• High-precision dE/dx (Xe+CO2) TRDMing Shao (USTC)
TPC
IPInner
TrackingIron Endcap
TRD
TOF / Absorber
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GEM based TRD – R&D Advantage
Few ion feedback to drift volume
High rate Better position resolution Less space charge effect dE/dx Drift along magnetic field
ALICE TRD
Readout: MWPC -> GEM
Multiple time bin readout New type thick GEM
0.2mm
0.5mm
• Prototype TRD with miniDrift GEM (27 time bins)
• Cosmic ray test results• Plan test beam at FermiLab
with other EIC R&D projects in October (T1037)
• Setups at USTC and BNL
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Pathlength and dE/dx
Gas volume for tracking and dE/dx
dE/dx important for electron and hadron PIDTR is part of dE/dx in tracking
Page 3committee Report
TRD alone
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dE/dx is crucial in PID
Andronic et al. NIMA 2004
silicon followed by a straw tube/TR system?
To what extent is the TPC tracking sufficient for this as
part of an electron ID system?
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Students in the Lab
Shuai Yang Sabita Das
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WTRD and GTRD
Checking the data match of wire chamber and TGEMWire Chamber: STAR TPC readout (107ns per time bin)
GEM: STAR FGT/GMT APV readout (26.7ns per time bin)
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Sigma of residual (regular GEM: 200μm, Thick GEM(thin gap): 300μm)
(with thin gap) (with thin gap)
Cosmic Ray Tracking(online)
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GEM based TRD Cosmic Ray Test System
y
z
x
GEM0
GEM1(TGEM)
GEM2
Three GEMs are aligned (Δx=0; Δy=0)23
10.5cm
10.5cm
12.3cm
51.0cm
(0,0,0)
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Cosmic Ray Tracking(online)
TGEM(thick gap) TGEM(thick gap)
X-axis:strip
Y-axis:pad
TGEM’s HV = 3650V
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Gain uniformity and stabilityTest at Yale with Fe source
Results with cosmic ray
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HV Scan and Drift Velocity
Measurements comparisonsALICE Wire TRDResults from journal
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Tracklet Reconstruction
TGEM
Search one cluster for each time bin(the APV has 27 time bin; 26.7ns/tb)
Calculate the x(y) of cluster using Center of gravity method for each selected time bin
If the cluster number of one event >=3, fit these points to obtain the slope.
x(y)
v*time bin number
Slope obtained from TGEM
v is the TGEM drift velocity
Meetings discussing the methods
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Tracking Slope in x
tgem_slopex1: using the method 1 to obtainslope02_x = (x0 – x2) / (z0 – z2)
The thickness of ionization gap is ~ 1cm, so the resolution of slope
provided by TGEM is consistent with TGEM’s spatial resolution
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Tracking Slope in y
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USTC Test Stand
Copper shield
THGEM
Rail
HV, Shaper
X-ray source
Yi Zhou, Prof. Ming Shao, Cheng Li, Hongfang Chen
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THGEM foils IHEP
(8 tested)
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PlansRadiator from ALICE (GSI)Design new gas box (BNL/Yale)Test beam at FermiLab T1037: consortium EIC Tracking and PIDUSTC/IHEP: large foilNew APV readout: IU
The various groups should talk to each other even more.
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Summary Progress on TRD cosmic ray test results:
Gain uniformity Stability Tracklet with Drift volume for TRD Angular Resolution
eSTAR a possible option for first-stage EIC detector (Electron E<~10 GeV)
Need forward upgrades for eSTAR GEM based TRD a good option for endcap
to extend tracking and PID R&D projects and EIC simulation in progress
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Tracking with Kalman Filter ii) ~ -1.2
pT = 1GeV/c10 MC tracks
STAR Computing Group: in progress
TRD
TPC
Other upgrades possible improve the tracking resolution: • Inner TPC Upgrade
• Precision Tracker at |r|<50cm
4
720
'2
NLkres
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iTPC Benefit to electron ID
Improve dE/dx resolution and acceptance
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Improve electron PID with iTPC
Purity, Efficiency, acceptance
Bingchu Huang
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Last Committee report 1) Future presentations on this work would benefit from a written text
summarizing the results and referencing the prior reports and milestones. 2) The Committee heard a number of proposals for forward tracking and
PID, some using GEMs in a number of functions. It would be good to understand the extent to which these various efforts are in synergy, are mutually exclusive, utilize overlapping technology, or are in some sort of collaboration already.
3) To what extent is the TPC tracking sufficient for this as part of an electron ID system? Would additional tracking layers, as part of a larger GEM (or other) system, have some advantage? Is there room for such additional layers?
4) What is the optimization of TRD, including the number of measurements, efficiency vs rejection, and use of other tracking layers in the available space?
5) The ATLAS tracking uses silicon followed by a straw tube/TR system. Conceptually there is some relationship to the present proposal. Can you learn anything from the ATLAS experience to help you better understand the usefulness or design of the system proposed here?