ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2...

41
Growing Potted Chrysanthemums

Transcript of ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2...

Page 1: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Growing Potted Chrysanthemums

Page 2: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed

HS‐LS2‐5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. [Clarification Statement: Examples of models could include simulations and mathematical models.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the specific chemical steps of photosynthesis and respiration.]

HSSIC. A.1 Understand statistics as a process for making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population. (HS‐LS2‐6)

Page 3: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resource Standards

PS.03.03.01.a. Identify and categorize plant pests, diseases and disorders.

PS.03.01.03.b. Manage the plant environment to support asexual reproduction.

Page 4: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Bell Work

1. Discuss the history and importance of the chrysanthemum.

2. Explain the classifications of chrysanthemums.

3. Describe how chrysanthemums are propagated.

4. Identify major chrysanthemum pests and disorders, as well as controls.

Page 5: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Terms

Center bud removal

ChrysanthemumDisbuddingGrading cuttings

Hard pinchResponse groupRoll out pinchSoft pinch

Page 6: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Interest Approach

Look at the plants and/or pictures in front of you. What do these plants remind you of? Are these planted around your house or yard? Have you seen these in flower arrangements? Do these plants come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors? Think about your answers to these questions as you follow this lesson.

Page 7: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.
Page 8: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

What is the history and importance of the chrysanthemum?

Chrysanthemums, commonly referred to as mums, have their origin in China, Japan and Europe. Up until the 1940s, chrysanthemums

were grown in the United States primarily as garden plants. Since then, they have been grown widely as cut flowers and potted flowering plants.

Page 9: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Chrysanthemums are photoperiodic and thermoperiodic.

Chrysanthemums rank second to poinsettias in terms of the number of pots sold in the United States.

Page 10: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

A chrysanthemum in flower

Page 11: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

What are the classifications of chrysanthemums?

Chrysanthemums are classified based on their response group, plant height, and flower forms. Response group refers to the number

of weeks it takes for the chrysanthemum to flower from the time they begin receiving short day treatments.

Page 12: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Response groups range from 6 weeks to 15 weeks.

Most potted chrysanthemums fall into the 9-week or 10-week response groups.

Page 13: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Chrysanthemum varieties are classified as being short, medium or tall.Short varieties grow less than 15” in

height.Medium varieties grow around 15” in

height.Tall varieties grow more that 15” in

height.

Page 14: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Chrysanthemums are grouped in one of nine major flower forms including standard, spray, button, spoon, decorative, daisy, spider, pompon, and anemone.

Page 15: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

How are chrysanthemums propagated?

Chrysanthemums are propagated asexually by stem cuttings. A few major companies produce 95% of the

cuttings used in commercial production. Those companies provide rooted or non-rooted cuttings free of viral disease.

Page 16: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Steps to propagating chrysanthemums are as follows:Take cuttings 2 to 3 inches in length

with three leaves.Treat the cutting with a medium-

strength rooting hormone.

Page 17: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Unrooted cuttings covered with rooting hormone

Page 18: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

“Stick” the cuttings and place under an intermittent mist system.

Maintain bottom heat between 70 and 75º F.

Light the cuttings to maintain vegetative growth.

Fast rooting cuttings form roots in about 18 days.

Page 19: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

What is a growing schedule for a potted chrysanthemum crop?

In preparing a production schedule, first determine the sale date. Then count back the number of weeks the plant requires short day treatment and another 2 weeks for vegetative growth.

Page 20: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

The quality of the crop often hinges on the care taken at planting time.Grade cuttings or sort them

according to the number of roots, the diameter of the stem, and the length of the stem before potting. This ensures uniform growth in each pot.

Page 21: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Use a growing medium with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5.

Plant cuttings shallow and angle them outwards over the lip of the pot at about 45º angle.

Page 22: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

The most important stage of growth is the vegetative stage. Strong roots and reserves of sugars must be established.Fertilize at a rate of 250-350 parts per

million nitrogen at the first watering.Drop the rate to 200-300 parts per

million nitrogen and potassium with following waterings.

Page 23: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Provide 65 to 70º F night temperatures and 75 to 80º F day temperatures.

Maintain vegetative growth by interrupting the darkness by lighting between 10:00 p.m. and 2:00 a.m.

Page 24: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Grow the plants until the roots appear at the bottom of the pots, then pinch to produce a well-branched plant with many flowers.

• Use a roll out pinch or the removal of just the tip of the stem in winter.

Page 25: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Three Methods of Pinching

Roll-out Soft Hard

Page 26: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

• Use a soft pinch or the removal of ½ to ¾ inch of the stem and leaving five to six leaves.

• Use a hard pinch to remove all but three or four leaves in the summer.

• Flower bud initiation is accomplished by turning off the lights to provide a short day treatment.

Page 27: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Covering the crop with black cloth might be necessary to simulate short day conditions.

•Lower temperatures to 62 to 65º F at night.

•Reduce fertilizer rates to 200-250 parts per million nitrogen and potassium.

Page 28: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

The flower bud development stage focuses on forming the flower buds.Drop night temperatures to 60 to

62º F.Fertilize at a rate of 200 to 250 parts

per million nitrogen and potassium.

Page 29: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Perform disbudding or the removal of selected developing flower buds to improve overall quality.Disbudding of all the lateral buds

results in larger terminal flowers.Center bud removal involves

pinching off the terminal flower bud.

Page 30: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Finishing is the final stage and it involves preparing a plant for sale.Lower the greenhouse temperature

to 55-58º F at night to increase flower color intensity.

Stop fertilization and allow the media to dry slightly.

Page 31: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

What are major mum pests and diseases and their means of control?

Chrysanthemums have both pests and disorders that require attention. The major pests include aphids,

whiteflies, leaf miners, spider mites, cutworms and cabbage loopers. An IPM program should be followed to reduce pest problems.

Page 32: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Aphids

Page 33: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

White Flys

Page 34: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Leaf Miner

Page 35: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Spider Mite

Page 36: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Cut Worm

Page 37: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Cabbage Looper

Page 38: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

The major diseases include botrytis, mildews, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Phytophthora.

Proper watering and controlling humidity levels reduces disease problems.

Page 39: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Review/Summary

What is the history and importance of the chrysanthemum?

What are the classifications of chrysanthemums?

How are chrysanthemums propagated?

Page 40: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

Review/Summary Cont.

What is a growing schedule for a potted chrysanthemum crop?

What are major mum pests and diseases and their means of control?

Page 41: ZGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 5. Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis.

The End!