Zero Tillage - CCS HAU, Hisar

R. K. Malik, R. K. Gupta, Ashok Yadav, P. K. Sardana

and C. M. Singh

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ZERO TILLAGE–THE VOICE OF FARMERS

Directorate of Extension EducationCCS Haryana Agricultural University

Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India

R. K. Malik, R. K. Gupta, Ashok Yadav,P. K. Sardana and C. M. Singh

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Project Scientists express their gratitude to the Director General, Indian Council of AgriculturalResearch and Secretary, DARE, for valuable assistance in the form of NATP project, Rice-Wheat-Consortium for helping the Principal Investigator in initiating and formulating the project, and Headsof the participatory institutions for providing necessary facilities. We would also like to thank theco-operation extended by Director, Irrigated Agro-ecosystem for implementing the project.

We are also thankful to each and every scientist and Krishi Vigyan Kendras staff at each centre fortheir sincere efforts to work at farmers’ field, machine manufacturers for supplying adequate numberof machines as per demand, service providers for completing field operations based on customhire services, and finance managers at all institutes to help finalizing the statement of expenditurereports.

We are grateful to thousands of farmers in Indo-gangetic Plains (IGP) who worked with scientistsfor making the project a successful venture, the members of SAP in NATP unit for inspiring us topublish the project outputs and finish the project in time.

Finally the support extended by the Vice-Chancellor, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar isgratefully acknowledged.

(R. K. Malik)Principal lnvestigator

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FOREWORD

Accelerated growth of food output is necessary to bring reduction in poverty as it happened in Indiasince the beginning of Green Revolution in late 1960s. While the growth in yield of rice-wheatcropping system has slowed down since late 1980s, only few projects have focused attention onnatural resource conservation and cost reduction to improve the total factor productivity of rice-wheat cropping system.

The implementation of project “Accelerating the Adoption of Resource Conservation Technologiesfor Farm Level Impact on Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” hasrealized benefits in three key areas including operation efficiency through farmers participatoryapproach, increased profitability to farmers and large participation of scientists from IARS, NARSand extension agencies from both public and private sector. In this project, research and extensionwere simultaneously conceptualized and organized around farmers. Eleven centres including CCSHaryana Agricultural University, Hisar (lead centre); Rice-Wheat Consortium for Indo-GangeticPlains, CIMMYT, India; Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana; G. B. Pant University of Agriculture& Technology, Pantnagar; Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad; ProjectDirectorate for Cropping System Research (ICAR), Modipuram; ICAR Research Complex for EasternRegion, Patna; Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR), Karnal; Directorate of Maize Research,ICAR, New Delhi; Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuramand Rajendra Agricultural University, Patna participated. The project has realized benefits in fourkey areas i.e. less cost of production, less drudgery, more productive and profitable. Long-termsites created in Haryana have also shown that this technology is sustainable in the long run. Thearea expansion to over 1.0 million ha shows that the technology has responded to rice-wheat ecology,farmers’ needs and huge opportunities for resource conservation. The Voice of Farmers representedin this bulletin shows that we should use zero tillage technology to yield the kind of improvementneeded for sustaining the productivity of rice-wheat cropping system and environmental protection.

My heartiest congratulations to all partners in the project.

(MANGALA RAI)Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research & Education

andDirector General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-110 001, India.

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CONTENTS

The Socio-economic Impact of Zero-tillage in Rice-wheat Cropping System 5of Indo-Gangetic Plains

— R. K. Malik, R. K. Gupta, Ashok Yadav, P. K. Sardana, S. S. Punia,R. S. Malik, Samar Singh and Sher Singh

Socio-economic Impact of Zero Till Technology in Indo-Gangetic Plains of 29Eastern Uttar Pradesh

— C. M. Singh and R. V. Pandey

Impact Assessment and Farmers' Views Based on Survey 38— A. K. Singh

Studies on Role and Accessibility of Different Agencies in Disseminating Zero-till 41Technology for Rice-wheat Cropping System

— A. K. Singh, Surendar Kumar and S. K. Sharma

Studies on Role of Knowledge and Attitude for the Transfer of Zero Tillage 44Technology under the Punjab Conditions

— Avtar Singh, Harpreet Kaur Virk and S. S. Brar

Studies on Source of Information and Constraints for the Adoption of Zero Tillage 49Technology among the Adopters and Non-adopters under the Punjab Conditions

— Avtar Singh, Harpreet Kaur Virk and S. S. Brar

Multidimensional Impact Assessment of Zero Tillage Technology 53— Randhir Singh and Sunil Kumar

Socio-economic Audit of ZT Wheat in Bihar— Ujjwal Kumar, U. S. Gautam, S. S. Singh and Kartikey Singh 62

Impact Assessment of Zero Tillage in Wheat 66— R. K. Sinha and A. K. Singh

Farmer's opinion about zero-tillage in Haryana 73

Farmer's opinion about zero-tillage in Eastern Uttar Pradesh 113

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The Socio-economic Impact of Zero-tillage in Rice-wheat Cropping System of Indo-Gangetic Plains

R. K. Malik, R. K. Gupta1 , Ashok Yadav2 , P. K. Sardana3 , S. S. Punia2 , R. S. Malik2 , SamarSingh1 and Sher Singh2

Directorate of Extension EducationCCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004

ABSTRACT

Zero tillage research which was at the dead end in 1996 was taken up using farmer’s participatoryapproach. Farmers have had historical sensitivities from their perception that frequent tillage ismust for high yields. The consensus on zero tillage was always harder than usual to reach. Thefarmer ’s participatory approach adopted under NATP proved to be an accurate guide to itssubsequent adoption by farmers within different districts not only in Haryana but also in other stateslike Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Bihar. The technology has now evolved into somethingwith far broader appeal including cost, convenience, profitability and security. First phase of reformsin Haryana was possible through participation of Rice-Wheat Consortium, New Delhi; CIMMYT,Mexico; ACIAR, Australia and Indian Council of Agricultural Research, the surge in this innovationwill require even stronger participation of International Agricultural Research System (IARS),International groups on conservation agriculture, donors and groups within National AgriculturalResearch System (NARS). The analysis based on three years’ farmers’ survey indicates thatconventional tillage has no rational economic and social advantage. A profit-driven advantage ofzero tillage technology has allowed small and medium farmers to gain confidence in this technology.The teaming up with all kinds of stakeholders offered much better prospects for acceleration of thistechnology in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Therefore, in addition to accelerated adoption of zero tillage,other reform championed by this project has been an effort to successfully experiment farmer’sparticipatory process. With the acceleration still taking place through NARS and IARS efforts, it willnot be surprising to hear that it is a second green revolution after the green revolution of 1966.

INTRODUCTION

Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is the most important cropping system supporting more than600 million people of the region. Under this system, farmers grow rice in the monsoon summerfollowed by wheat in the dry winter season. Farmers use this system on approximately 12 million hain South Asia and 10 million ha in China. The NARS and IARS have been pursuing aggressivestrategy to maintain the momentum of yield growth in this cropping system. Accelerated growth offood output is necessary to reduction in mass poverty as happened in the developed countriesbefore 1900 and in the developing countries since 1950. As part of green revolution, the evolutionof varieties of wheat and rice, which were more responsive to external inputs like fertilizer andirrigation, led to this accelerated growth in food output. The most ultimate impressive gain waswitnessed in terms of decline in food prices thus benefiting the poorest of the poor. In the absenceof such development, we would have needed two times more additional land to produce samequantity of wheat (Paroda, 2004). Despite continuing scientific advances, the yield growth in cerealshas fallen since 1980s. Similarly, the investment in agriculture for scientific development has tumbled(Lipton, 2004). If green revolution was a turning point for progress of Indian agriculture, sustainingit would need radical reforms in management of natural resources and the way we conduct researchand extension.

1Rice-Wheat Consortium, CIMMYT India, New Delhi.2Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU, Hisar.3Department of Agricultural Economics, CCSHAU, Hisar.

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The management practices employed in one crop will have bearing on the performance of othercrop in rotation. RWCS has distinct identity and the respective successes of rice and wheat aredeeply interdependent. Both crops are so interdependent that commodity approach for research inthese crops is meaningless. Since each crop exercises its influence on other crop, we need to takeinto account the management options available for both rice and wheat. In the initial phases, whenthe performance of wheat was out of step due to herbicide resistance, evolution of zero tillage andthen its subsequent acceleration through NATP has led the technology everywhere at project sitesin firmly expansionary mode.

Sustainability issues in RWCS have been much on the mind of World Bank team during farmersfield visit organized by Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC) in June 2000. Interaction with farmers duringthis visit proved to be useful guide to formulate a special project entitled “Accelerating the Adoptionof Resource Conservation Technologies for Farm Level Impact on Sustainability of Rice-WheatSystems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains”. Implementation of the project at each site went smoothlyenough and therefore farmers in Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Bihar tossedaway the past practice of frequent tillage and adopted the new concept in the form of zero tillage.

Area Expansion

The project scientists in their meeting at N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad in2001 developed a strategy, which was focused on two things : deciding where we wanted to go inaccelerating the resource conservation technologies and how to do it. The strategy also meantdeciding how much area can be brought under which technology. The project, therefore, had threecomponents : farmers to help set strategy by inviting suggestions based on large scale fielddemonstrations of most viable technologies, gaining new perspective through organizing travelseminars at different sites and horizontal networking by bringing together project scientists, farmers,machine manufacturers, extension agencies representing each level of support and then focusingon problems. The project implementation was, therefore, based on the fact that we offered the mostsimple and profitable technologies which had no if or buts. As project scientists hoped, zero tillagetechnology accelerated through farmer’s opinion which they kept passing on to their fellow farmers.The steep upward curve of area under zero tillage is almost exactly matched by cost effectivenessand high profitability of this technology.

The area under zero tillage is expected to grow rapidly and this technology is set to become bigthing after green revolution varieties. Without doubt, much of increase in the area under zero tillageacross the breadth of country does reflect an underlying rise in demand for the technology throughoutthe rice-wheat belt of India (Fig. 1). The area expansion is based on number of zero-tillage drills

Fig. 1. Growth of area under zero-tillage wheat in India.

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operating in IGP. Approximately 25,000 drills are available. Study conducted at Faizabad has shownthat each drill covers 53 ha area. The area covered through other organizations including NGO’shas not been included in the area expansion. This area expansion does not include surface seedingwhich has significant area coverage in Bihar (Singh et al., 2005e).

Productivity

The green revolution has slowed sharply, as has yield growth, since 1980s (Lipton, 1999; IFAD,2001). Farmers use labour, capital and land. To calculate real earnings, wages for labour, intereston capital and rent of land are included. Direct increase in the cost of natural resources throughincreased taxes may improve their efficient use but for small farmers it will be more rational toevolve technologies that need less of such resources. The technology, which can help poor farm-ers, must raise both output per labour-hour and output per hectare (Lipton, 2004). Any technologythat does not help to raise output does nothing to make it attractive for farmers. The survey showsthat this technology can help small farmers to turn their small resources into more output (Fig. 2).Data from three years’ survey (Fig. 2) and eight years long-term sites (Fig. 3) reveal that grain yieldof wheat under zero-tillage stayed more than the conventional tillage. The grain yield during allyears under report remained almost similar or more both under favourable years (1999-2000 and2000-01) and also under unfavourable years (2001-02 to 2004-05). The average yield under zero-tillage was 200 kg ha-1 more than conventional tillage in Uttaranchal and Bihar (Thakur, 2005; Singhet al., 2005e) and in eastern Uttar Pradesh, the gains in wheat yield ranged from 279-297 kg ha-1

(Singh et al., 2005c).

Fig. 2. Comparative grain yield in Zero tillage and conven-tional tillage over time. The data are based onsurvey of 398 farmers spread over three years. Thedifference in yield between 0-till and conventionaltillage was found to be statistically significant in theyears 2000-01 (tcal=6.08), 2001-02 (tcal=6.79), 2002-03 (tcal=4.53) and overall (tcal=10.15).

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Zero-tillage Conventional tillageSustainability

Expanding the area is one thing but to sustain itis quite another. In addition, farmers and topofficials may frequently ask questions as to howlong the zero-tillage should continue. Fears andvarious causes of concern have not evaporated.To understand the strategy, it is important toknow how physical and chemical properties ofsoil are changing (Kumar, 2004), how the soilmicro-flora is responding (Singh, 2003) and whatwill happen to the pests (Jaipal, 2005; Singh etal., 2005d). These studies have shown that zero-tillage improves soil health and there is no causeof concern even if farmers keep practising zero-tillage for long time. The uncertainty of long-termeffects is unlikely to vanish until its long-termvirtues are demonstrated on large size plots atfarmer ’s f ields. Scient ists at CCS HaryanaAgr icu l tu ra l Un ivers i ty, H isar have beenadvancing this rationale by maintaining long-term sites under ACIAR project and now under

NATP project of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). As it has happened in othercountries, circumstances seem likely to prove favourable. Studies conducted so far have shownthat after eight years, the grain yield of wheat at permanent sites has been more than the conventionaltillage. In fact, there could be fewer better illustrations of sustainability than this (Fig. 3). Dataindicate that the average yield of wheat with its peak in 1999-2000 (most favourable weather)depended more on weather conditions that prevailed during eight years. These data suggest thatsubstantial further increase in the yield is possible by planting the crop as early as possible. The

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average yield declined after 2000 is not because of fertilizer or irrigation but because of length oftime the crop could grow and reproduce. The maintenance of relatively higher yield under zero-tillage in the favourable (1999-2000 and 2000-01) and abberent weather (2001-04), is quite enoughfor us to anticipate that this technology has all virtues of sustainability. These long-term sites mustbe maintained even in future because critics of zero-tillage will continue finding faults without evenvisiting such sites. Another proof of sustainability of this technology has also been illustrated incontrasting situation where one unreplicated long term trial was established at experimental farmsof Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar under pearlmillet-wheat situation (Table 1). The effect ofweather is not reflected in the experiment conducted at research farm. This is because the time ofsowing was not same during the course of eight years. Consistently higher yield obtained incontrasting situations like this does indicate that there exists a promise of future opportunity ofzero-tillage in cropping systems other than rice-wheat. Certainly, we cannot pretend that zero-tillagewill have no adverse effect on soil health or pest spectrum. These speculations need to be put intoperspective by monitoring such changes by maintaining such sites for even much longer periods.

Table 1. Grain yield of wheat under permament ZT trials (8th year) at Research Farm of CCS HaryanaAgricultural University, Hisar (Yadav et al., 2005b)

Tillage treatment Grain yield of wheat (kg ha-1)

Pearlmillet Wheat 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2K 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Mean

ZT ZT 4980 5272 5420 5550 5280 5480 4070 4940 5124

MB* ZT – 5076 5350 5430 5330 5420 3780 4802 5027

CT CT** – 5140 5290 5480 4940 5396 4020 4851 5017

ZT–Zero-tillage, MB–Mould Board plough, CT–Conventional tillage.*Mould board plough was replaced by CT in pearlmillet in kharif 2003 onward.**The field was under CT and ZT in 1997-98 for growing pearlmillet and wheat, respectively.

This technology seems to solve old problems without posing any new problem. The switch to zero-tillage is a logical long-term step to sustain productivity of RWCS. It is better to evolve varieties

Fig. 3. Sustainability of zero-tillage based on average of six sites at farmers' fields wherefarmers had been practising zero-tillage continuously for eight years in Haryana.Sites were in village Pirthla (Fatehabad), Teek (Kaithal), Ferozpur (Kaithal) andUchana.(Karnal).

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which can emerge and grow at slightly higher temperature so that sowings can be done in thesecond half of October in north-west and in November in the east. Grain yield is function of time(Malik et al., 2002; Singh et al., 2005c) for which the crop remains in the field. Longer the time cropremains in the field for its growth and development, the higher the grain yield. The profit that zerotillage can extract from advanced sowing is a non-cash input. It serves as an effective signal for anew avenue for research investment in management of rice fallows in places like Bihar and EasternUttar Pradesh. This type of measure for early sowing (a non-cash input) through the use of zero-tillage technology will invariably serve the public good and will benefit all farmers. Developmentprocess had some independent trials in places like DWR and at Pantnagar. The conclusion from allsuch trials was ambivalent to the extent that the technology was thought not to work (DWR, 1995,1996). Now the question regarding zero-tillage is not why it is successful in larger part of IGP, buthow it stays successful for long.

Profitability

Every private enterprise including a farmer maximizes the difference between total revenues andtotal costs, that is, its profits. Rational action, however, occurs within particular institutional context(Subroto, 1984). When a person changes his long held beliefs, there must be some evidence tochange that perception. The experience of farmers recorded during last three years shows thatzero-tillage promotes not only better yields (Fig. 2) but also better profitability (Fig. 4) compared toconventional tillage. Pick up in the profitability of the cropping system will be responsible for largechunk of increased demand for this technology by all categories of farmers. A significant increasein the profitability (Fig. 4) from zero-tillage (Rs. 2636 ha-1 more than conventional tillage) has beenresponsible for large scale adoption of this technology (Fig. 1). Center of International Economics,Australia carried an impact assessment report on success story of zero-tillage in 2002. This reportcalculated a gain to the Indian economy of around 1800 million AU$ in the net present value termsover the next 30 years from 2001 (Vincent and Quirke, 2002). Gill and Ahmed (2004) calculatedgains from no-tillage technology to the extent of US$ 23.98 million from 0.189 m ha. This gain tothe Indian economy is based on estimated area of 0.92 million ha from 2006 to 2030. The areaunder zero-tillage has already crossed one million ha and will have significant increase in the comingyears. Therefore, the gains to the Indian economy will be much larger than what has been estimatedin this report. This breakthrough is considered to be scale neutral and will lead to a much greaterbenefit to small farmers with scarce resources at the time of sowing.

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Fig. 4. Comparative net profit in zero-tillage vis-a-visconventional tillage over time. The difference innet profit between 0-till and conventional tillagewas found to be statistically significant in the years2000-01 (tcal=14.42), 2001-02 (tcal=11.57), 2002-03 (tcal=8.87) and overall (tcal=19.66).

For Indian farmers where land holding perperson is less than 0.14 ha, profitability of atechnology is a guide to the value it has createdfor the society. The profitability for farmers is anindicator of value creation by a technology. It isalso a signal that may help poor farmers to investin useful purposes like education of children.Unlike business houses, here the profit goes toindividual farmers. The value that farmers haveattached to the adoption of this technology isshown by their willingness to buy new zero-tilldril ls (approx. 25,000 upto 2004-05). It alsoshows other farmers’ willingness to adopt thistechnology on custom hire basis. If that outputexceeds the cost (Fig. 5), society has gained andan individual farmer has earned profit. The perhectare profitability in places like eastern Uttar

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Pradesh has been found to range from Rs. 3800 in the Vindhyachal zone to Rs. 5200 in east plainzone (Singh et al., 2005c). This kind of profit seeking in the self interest of an individual farmer isalso rational in the sense that it advances the cause of public good like saving in water, improvingsoil health and reducing the possibility of herbicide resistance due to reduction in the population ofPhalaris minor; a dreaded weed of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system. Rice-wheat cropping systemconsumes much more natural resources than other cropping systems. Impending shortage of naturalresources is not good for sustainable development. That means yield growth in these crops couldbe halted at some point of time in future (Hobbs and Gupta, 2004). Pattern of consumption of suchnatural resources can be sustained because zero tillage will lead to less use of water (Fig. 6) andimproved productivity (Fig. 2) and biology of soil (Singh, 2003). That means the existing supply ofnatural resources will be used more efficiently and economically. Moreover, the impending large-scale adoption of this technology warrants huge volume and large scale saving of resources; whichis a social good.

Zero-tillage provides higher profitability to the farmers mainly due to saving in cost of tillageoperations. The saving in cost of tillage operations was observed mainly in cost of ploughing andplanking and diesel. It was further observed that the difference in profitability between ZT and CTwas statistically significant at 5% level of probability (Fig. 7). Overall increase in net profitabilitywas observed to be Rs. 2636/ha in ZT compared to CT. It was Rs. 2717, 2691 and 2715 on small,medium and large farms, respectively. ZT gave 1.53, 1.45, 1.67 and 1.53 q/ha higher yield on small,medium, large and overall farms, respectively. However, an impact of increased yield in ZT wasalso observed in the study area.

Cultivation TimeThe impact of zero-tillage was also seen in saving cultivation time and number of days needed forsowing wheat crop after rice harvesting. Gill and Ahmed (2004) while working in Pakistan haveshown that conventional tillage needs 15 h more than zero-tillage. Zero-tillage would mean lesstime pressure on farmer during the rice harvesting season. This will help farmers to be able to plantthe crop at optimum time. The reduction in tractor passes also reduces wear and tear on equipment.The technology itself helps in optimising the use of tractors.

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Fig. 5. Comparative cost of cultivation in Zero-tillage and conventionaltillage over time. The difference in cost of cultivation between0-ti l l and conventional t i l lage was found to be statisticallysignificant in the years 2000-01 (tcal=15.21), 2001-02 (tcal=17.33),2002-03 (tcal=17.19) and overall (tcal=26.72).

Fig. 6. Comparative time taken in firstpost-sowing irrigation in zero andconventional tillage.

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Environmental Protection

The technology also has the promise to give something back to the society in the form ofenvironmental protection due to a significant reduction in the fuel consumption (Singh et al., 2005a).Since the concept of sustainability of RWCS requires proper care of natural resources, the successof zero-tillage can effectively advance the cause of proper environmental action. Acceleratedadoption of zero-tillage technology by the farmers of Indo-Gangetic plains has successfully weighedthe trade-off between individual profits, social benefits and environmental protection. In conventionaltillage, frequent passes of tractor across vast land area burn diesel and pollute the environment.Within agriculture this is major source of environmental degradation. The amount of diesel used inthe intensively cultivated rice-wheat cropping system especially in the lead areas is more and henceit generates excessive more pollution. It can be significantly reduced with the adoption of zero-tillage. Data in Fig. 4 show that conventional tillage generates a waste of capital, labour and theenvironment because there is no evidence that frequent tillage adds to profits and productivity.Vincent and Quirke (2002) have concluded in their report that in addition to the yield dividend likelyfrom a reversal of the slow degradation of soils under conventional, zero-tillage is also likely todeliver several other environmental benefits. The reduction in diesel consumption of 60 to 80 l ha-

1 represents a reduction of 0.25 t of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. There may alsobe gains through less carbon oxidation during cultivation and perhaps some carbon sequestrationthrough retention of residue into the soil, though these gains have not yet been quantified. A reductionin atmosphere carbon dioxide emissions may have long-term environmental benefits. It may alsobe commercially valuable in the event that a carbon tax or emissions trading system is implementedon a global scale. But at this stage of global greenhouse gas policy development, it has zerocommercial value. Another potential environmental and commercial benefit comes from the savingin water use under zero-tillage at the first irrigation; this saving could be as high as 5% per year.

The existing practices like straw burning (Table 2) lead to pollution, which is spread, from smoke ofburnt straw. Farmers do not bear the cost of such pollution, which is publicly unacceptable. Zerotillage can effectively serve as an opportunity to evolve residue management technologies becausemanagement of surface residue is easier than incorporation. RWC has already started developingsecond generation machinery for residue management.

Fig. 7. Profitability of zero vis-à-vis conventional tillage on different farm sizes. The difference in net profit between0-till and conventional tillage was found to be statistically significant on small (tcal=4.32), medium (tcal=12.38),large (tcal=15.31) and overall (tcal=19.66) farms. The similar trend was observed in case of cost of cultivationof wheat on these farms.

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Table 2. Different practices adopted by the farmers for straw management under differentcategories of land holding (% farmers)

Parameters Small Medium Large Total

Burning in the field 28.57 87.93 95.92 78.13(10) (51) (64) (125)

Feeding to cattle 68.57 6.90 - 17.50(24) (04) (28)

Selling - 1.72 - 0.63(01) (01)

Composting/manuring - 1.72 2.99 1.88(01) (02) (03)

Cooking 2.98 1.72 1.49 1.88(01) (01) (01) (03)

Total 100.00 100.00 100 100.00(35) (58) (67) (160)

Figures in parentheses indicate the number of farmers.Source : Sheoran (2003).

Out of 334 farmers who adopted zero-tillage, 143 farmers did not burn their residue. The responseof 40% farmers who are not burning the straw gives a strong message of its own importancebecause before the adoption of zero-tillage, the burning straw was very common. The data given inTable 2 indicate that 78% farmers used to burn their straw (Sheoran, 2003). Zero-tillage, therefore,can help facilitating residue retention as better option compared to residue burning. Therefore, itwill permit management of soil without much loss in the organic matter as there will be acceleratedoxidation due to frequent tillage operations. This process will also lead to improved soil quality andoverall resource enhancement.

Zero Tillage – An Efficient Incentive

More profits will bring about demand for better living and means to bring about such changes. Thepolicy makers have embarked on initiatives like introduction of alternate cropping systems toconserve natural resources. Efforts to diversify the cropping system in favour of crops other thanrice and wheat seem not to have worked. When the outcome of diversification programme for Punjabwas reviewed, the answer was virtually nothing (Rangi, 2004). Farmers are unlikely to meet thediversification targets of reducing rice or wheat area in favour of alternate crops (Singh and Sidhu,2004). This is because after adoption of RWCS in states like Haryana, living standards and thequality of life of farmers have risen at a pace, and to a level, that it has not been possible in othercropping systems. Stability and consistency in income in this cropping system has been the drivingforce behind this economic and social progress. Therefore, anticipating less profits and more riskfarmers have not accepted this alternative. Pingali (2004) also concluded that risk aversion is asignificant impediment to what would seem to be a rational diversification on the basis of averageprofitability of alternative crops. Behaviour in the face of risk aversion is affected by attitude offarmers and the nature of technology. Correcting this may still take some time. In the meantime, onaccount of more profits and social benefits, accelerated adoption of zero-tillage best fits the thesisof resource conservation for sustainability of RWCS. Zero-tillage, therefore, is the rational riskavoiding strategy with tremendous potential to conserve natural resources. The survey referred inthis paper shows that zero-tillage qualifies the requirement of positive attitude of the farmers.

Technologies such as zero tillage may turn the lessons learnt from diversification programme to itsadvantage. The trouble shooting for natural resource management through diversification cannot

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be more positive than zero tillage because it has the potential for huge area coverage and, therefore,better volume of natural resource conservation.

Other Social Benefits

Although farmers are the ultimate stakeholders for whatever we do in our research, ignoring thelegitimate interest of others (consumers) is not correct. The cost cutting through zero tillage will beshared equitably because that may ultimately lead to price reduction and a benefit to the consumersand the society.

In India, 60% of the workforce was engaged in agriculture in 2000 as against 74% in 1970.Households whose main income source was agriculture were 33% of this workforce. Most farmlabour gets significant income from their own farming. The agricultural production, therefore, remainsfamily managed. There may be more farmers than farm labours. This type of family farm managementcontinues with less labour-time and more capital per hectare. Moreover, farmers with more secondaryand tertiary education will tend to rise. With increasing importance of education especially withchildren, any technology that requires less labour-time is a public good. Poverty reduction almostalways starts with large increases in profitably produced farm output (Lipton, 2004). The concernthat the poor farmers would be unable to afford the purchase of zero-tillage drill does not hold goodin the case of such technologies. The best way of ensuring the availability of drills is the customhire service. This will then raise their income. The technology will increase efficiency because ofreduction in the cost of producing a given level of yield.

Today we frequently see bankers chasing farmers to lend them money to buy goods like a tractor.Small farmers in such cases may stuck with huge losses. The social cost of such activity can bereduced once the small farmers understand the virtues of such technologies and using themechanism of custom hire services to plant their crops directly in the soil without any frequent useof tractor. The resources used for the purchase of items like tractor can be utilized elsewhere. Inretrospect, zero tillage can generate social benefits through rationalizing farm operation that needless investment.

The analysis based on three years’ farmers’ survey indicates that conventional tillage has no rationaleconomic and social advantage. A profit-driven advantage of zero tillage technology has allowedsmall and medium farmers to gain confidence in this technology. The teaming up with all kinds ofstakeholders offered much better prospects for acceleration of this technology in the IGP. Therefore,in addition to accelerated adoption of zero-tillage, other reform championed by this project hasbeen an effort to successfully experiment farmer’s participatory process.

The green revolution was aimed at higher food availability but for new science to help poor farmersand poor food consumers, it must cut food prices and must raise total factor productivity of smallfarms a lot faster (Lipton, 2004). The study conducted by Vincent and Quirke (2002) has stated thatabout 36% of Indian population lives below the official poverty line. The production response to thereduction in unit cost and the yield increases will result in more wheat produced and higher profitsfor farmers adopting zero-tillage. Some of the benefits could be expected to flow through Indianwheat consumers as lower prices for wheat. This study further states that the average per capitaincome of approximately US$ 550 for Haryana compared to the all India average of US$ 400 canbe balanced by additional family income through technologies like zero-tillage.

Some areas in Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh have much lower productivity of RWCS. Theseareas are called agriculturally backward because they were neglected by applied science (Fan etal., 2000a, b). Such backward areas now offer more growth and poverty reduction incentives throughzero-tillage.

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Level of Spread at Individual Farm Level

A survey was conducted on 398 randomly selected farmers of Haryana, where zero-tillage technologyhas been spread. This report highlights the socio-economic and resource profile of respondents,their sources of information about zero-tillage and key determinants of adoption of zero-tillage.Respondents were classified according to their extent of adoption of zero-tillage. The extent ofadoption of zero-tillage was determined using the following formula :

Extent of adoption (%)=(Area under wheat cultivated using zero tillage/total area under wheat) x 100

The percentage of respondents in each category according to their extent of adoption of zero-tillage is given in Fig. 8. The data were collected on a pre-designed interview schedule. The resultsof the survey are discussed next.

Contextual Matrix of Respondents

The present section describes socio-economic profile of the respondents (Table 3). It is evidentfrom the data that among different socio-economic factors, number of adults and children in family,caste, education, major occupation and type of family of respondents has significant impact on thelevel of adoption of zero-tillage technology in the study area. The average number of adults in non-adopters families was significantly less than that in the families having upto 50% of area underwheat cultivated using zero tillage. Though same was observed to be true in case of farmers havingmore than 50% of area under wheat cultivated with same technology but no significant difference inage was observed among adopters of the technology. Almost similar trend was observed in case ofnumber of children in adopter and non-adopter families. Earner to dependents ratio, however, didnot exhibit any significant difference among adopters and non-adopters of zero-tillage. It is furtherclear from Table 3 that among different caste groups, agricultural caste and dominant caste in thestudy area exhibited the highest level of adoption of zero technology in the study area. Similarly therespondents having education upto high school level were observed to be keen adopters of thetechnology. Even those farmers who could read and write only, were observed to be keen adoptersof the technology. The respondents having more than highschool education, however, did not exhibitany distinct variation in adoption of zero-tillage technology. This may be due to the fact that theirproportion in the overall sample was less as compared to the others. It implies that for using zerotechnology, one does not require a high level of education but the level of education required forhaving awareness about new farming techniques is sufficient enough for adoption of this technology.

Socio-economic Profile of Respondents

The occupation of most of the respondents was observed to be agriculture. While among thosehaving major occupation as agriculture, 84% were the adopters, 82.6% of those having occupation

Fig. 8. Number of respondents according to extent of adoption of zero tillage.

Upto 50%,

100, 25%51-75%,

66, 17%

Above 75%,

168, 42%

Non adopter,

64, 16%

Non adopter Upto 50% 51-75% Above 75%

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other than agriculture, were adopters. Furthermore, statistically significant value of chi-square (11.98)indicated a strong association between occupation of respondents and their level of adoption ofzero tillage technology. It is further clear from Table 3 that while almost equal proportion of non-adopters belonged to nuclear and joint families each, a higher proportion of adopters belonged tonuclear families. It implies that the farmers coming from the nuclear families are more keen adoptersof zero tillage as compared to those belonging to joint families. A significant value of chi-square(9.20) further substantiates this finding. It can be concluded from the above results that while ageand earner to dependents ratio in a farmers’ family do not affect his level of adoption of zero-tillage,caste, education, major occupation and type of family have a statistically significant bearing on it.

Table 3. Socio-economic profile of respondents

Non- Adopter Total Significanceadopter Upto 50% 50-75% Above 75%

N 64 100 66 168 398Age 44.10 41.87 41.61 40.80 41.72 NSAdults 4.36b 5.09ab 4.28a 3.68a 4.25 0.01Children 2.78a 3.42b 2.83a 2.73a 2.93 0.05Earner to dependent 1.90 1.87 1.92 1.74 1.83 NSratioCaste Chi-square=25.58 0.01Scheduled caste 3 (100.0) 3 (100.0)Artisan 8 (66.7) 1 (8.3) 3 (25.0) 12 (100.0Agricultural 47 (26.3) 45 (25.1) 22 (12.3) 65 (36.3) 179 (100.0)Dominant 15 (15.3) 22 (22.4) 14 (14.3) 47 (48.0) 98 (100.0)Prestigious 2 (33.3) 1 (16.7) 2 (33.3) 1 (16.7) 6 (100.0)Education Chi-square=50.52 0.01Illiterate 5 (20.8) 10 (41.7) 3 (12.5) 6 (25.0) 24 (100.0)Can read only 24 (49.0) 10 (20.4) 15 (30.6) 49 (100.0)Can read and write 16 (15.7) 21 (20.6) 14 (13.7) 51 (50.0) 102 (100.0)Primary 1 (7.7) 5 (38.5) 1 (7.7) 6 (46.2) 13 (100.0)Middle 10 (22.2) 13 (28.9) 6 (13.3) 16 (35.6) 45 (100.0)High School 6 (11.3) 13 (24.5) 11 (20.8) 23 (43.4) 53 (100.0)Graduate 1 (11.1) 4 (44.4) 3 (33.3) 1 (11.1) 9 (100.0)Post-graduate 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 3 (100.0)Major occupation Chi-square=11.98 0.01Non-agriculture 4 (17.4) 12 (52.2) 7 (30.4) 23 (100.0)Agriculture 60 (16.0) 88 (23.5) 66 (17.6) 161 (42.9) 375 (100.0)Type of family Chi-square=9.20 0.03Nuclear 34 (14.5) 49 (20.9) 40 (17.0) 112 (47.7) 235 (100.0)Joint 30 (18.4) 51 (31.3) 26 (16.0) 56 (34.4) 163 (100.0)

*Data given in parentheses are in per cent.NS–Not significant.

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Farmers who were educated upto middle or high school level, most of them belonging to agriculturalcaste, are more inclined to adopt this technology. Similarly, farmers belonging to nuclear family arebetter adopters than farmers belonging to joint family. The adoption of zero-tillage will further helpsuch farmers because :(i) Children are more likely to go to school and stay there for better livelihood in the future.(ii) Farmers in the nuclear families have more chance of sending their children for education and

keeping the women farmer away from field operation for concentrating their activities likeanimal rearing etc. Women in the family are busy in various household activities. They havemore chance of improving family income from time saved and extra income generated throughtechnologies such as zero-tillage.

(iii) The decision of nuclear families to adopt zero-tillage is based on the level of satisfaction(profits) and other factors mentioned in equation of discriminant analysis.

Resource Profile of the Respondents

The owning of tractor, trolley, thrasher, zero-tillage drill, seed drill, land owned, given/taken oncontract basis and total operational holding of a farmer has statistically significant bearing onadoption of zero-tillage technology (Table 4). The average land holding size owned by samplerespondents was observed to be 12.7 acres. It is further clear from Table 4 that the proportion offarmers having tractor, trolley, thrasher, seed drill and zero-tillage drill was higher among adoptersof zero-tillage as compared to non-adopters. These farmers on an average hold about one each oftractor, trolley, thrasher, seed drill and zero-tillage drill. The average land holding owned by a farmerin the study area was observed to be 12.66 acres and that taken and given on contract basis wereobserved to be 3.50 and 0.29 acres, respectively. The total operational holding in the study areawas observed to be 15.37 acres. The operational land holding was observed to be significantlyhigher as compared to that of non-adopters.

Table 4. Resource profile of respondents

Non- Adopter Total Significanceadopter Upto 50% 50-75% Above 75%

N 64 100 66 168 398Tractor with 35 HP 20.3 20.0 19.7 7.7 14.8 0.01Tractor with >35 HP 9.4 30.0 30.3 22.0 23.4 0.01Trolley (s) 23.4 48.0 45.5 29.2 35.7 0.01Thrasher 20.3 20.0 25.8 15.5 19.1 NSSeed drill 12.5 18.0 13.6 6.0 11.3 0.02Zero-tillage drill 1.6 13.0 30.3 25.6 19.3 0.01Combine 0 1.0 0 2.4 1.3 NSOwn land holding (acres) 7.48a 14.26b 15.91b 12.40b 12.66 0.01Land taken on contract basis (acres) 4.25ab 5.21a 2.83ab 2.47a 3.50 0.01Land given on contract basis (acres) 1.04b 0.39ab 0.19a 0.11a 0.29 0.05Total operational land holding 9.60a 18.28b 18.24b 13.97b 15.37 0.01

Sources of Information Profile of Respondents

Three types of sources of information exist for farmer respondents. These are mass media (Table5), Institutional (Table 6) and Non-institutional (Table 7). It is evident from Table 5 that amongdifferent mass media as source of information, none exhibited a significant bearing on adoption ofzero-tillage by the farmers. It is further clear from this table that all the mass media sources viz.,

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Radio, TV, Educational film shows, Farm Publications, Pamphlets, Exhibitions, News Papers, KisanMela/Farm Darshan and Field Days served as occasional sources of information for both adoptersand non-adopters of zero-tillage.

Table 5. Source of information (Mass media) profile of respondents

Source of Non- Adopter Totalinformation adopter Upto 50% 50-75% Above 75%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Radio Never 26 (40.6) 43 (43.0) 29 (43.9) 78 (46.4) 176 (44.2)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 25 (39.1) 32 (32.0) 25 (37.9) 64 (38.1) 146 (36.7)

Often 11 (17.2) 17 (17.0) 8 (12.1) 19 (11.3) 55 (13.8)Most Often 2(3.1) 8 (8.0) 4 (6.1) 7 (4.2) 21 (5.3)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

T. V. Never 30 (46.9) 31 (31.0) 25 (37.9) 56 (33.3) 142 (35.7)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 20 (31.3) 44 (44.0) 28 (42.4) 84 (50.0) 176 (44.2)

Often 9 (14.1) 17 (17.0) 6 (9.1) 18 (10.7) 50 (12.6)Most Often 5 (7.8) 8 (8.0) 7 (10.6) 10 (6.0) 30 (7.5)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Educational film show Never 61 (95.3) 92 (92.0) 63 (95.5) 159 (94.6) 375 (94.2)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 3 (4.7) 5 (5.0) 3 (4.5) 5 (3.0) 16 (4.0)

OftenMost Often 3 (3.0) 4 (2.4) 7 (1.8)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Farm publications Never 57 (89.1) 86 (86.0) 58 (87.9) 150 (89.3) 351(88.2)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 5 (7.8) 8 (8.0) 7 (10.6) 11 (6.5) 31 (7.8)

Often 1 (1.6) 4 (4.0) 3 (1.8) 8 (2.0)Most Often 1 (1.6) 2 (2.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (2.4) 8 (2.0)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Pamphlets Never 58 (90.6) 85 (85.0) 56 (84.8) 144 (85.7) 343 (86.2)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 5 (7.8) 10 (10.0) 9 (13.6) 18 (10.7) 42 (10.6)

Often 1 (1.6) 3 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (2.4) 9 (2.3)Most Often 2 (2.0) 2 (1.2) 4 (1.0)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Exhibition Never 61 (95.3) 89 (89.0) 58 (87.9) 154 (91.7) 362 (91.0)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 2 (3.1) 9 (9.0) 7 (10.6) 10 (6.0) 28 (7.0)

Often 1 (1.6) 2 (1.2) 3 (0.8)Most Often 2 (2.0) 1 (1.5) 2 (1.2) 5 (1.3)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

News paper Never 38 (59.4) 61 (61.0) 39 (59.1) 111 (66.1) 249 (62.6)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 22 (34.4) 22 (22.0) 21 (31.8) 32 (19.0) 97 (24.4)


Kisan Mela/ Never 30 (46.99) 49 (49.0) 30 (45.5) 68 (40.5) 177(44.5)Farm Darshan Sometimes 27 (42.2) 37 (37.0) 24 (36.4) 78 (46.5) 166 (41.7)Chi-square=NS Often 5 (7.8) 5 (5.0) 10 (15.2) 12 (7.1) 32 (8.0)

Most Often 2 (3.1) 9 (9.0) 2 (3.0) 10 (6.0) 23 (5.8)Total

Field days Never 45 (70.3) 65 (65.0) 39 (59.1) 93 (55.4) 242 (60.8)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 16 (25.0) 19 (19.0) 16 (24.2) 35 (20.8) 86 (21.6)

Often 1 (1.6) 10 (10.0) 10 (15.2) 34 (20.2) 55 (13.8)Most Often 2 (3.1) 6(6.0) 1 (1.5) 6 (3.6) 15 (3.8)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

*Data given in parenthses are in per cent.

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Among institutional sources of information, however, Agriculture Development Officers and UniversityScientists exhibited statistically significant association with level of adoption of zero-til lagetechnology by the farmers in the study area (Table 6). Among the above two also, the universityscientists who served as major source of information of zero-tillage technology for the farmers. It isfurther clear from Table 6 that other institutional sources of information, viz. Extension Workers,Panchayat Personnels, NGOs and Private Organizations, however, did not have any significantimpact on adoption of zero-tillage among farmers. The visits of University Scientists ranged frommost often to sometimes in the study area. Almost similar trend was observed in case of AgricultureDevelopment Officers also.

Table 6. Source of information (institutionals) of respondents


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ADO Never 54 (84.4) 65 (65.0) 44 (66.7) 131 (78.0) 294 (73.9)Chi-square=23.05* Sometimes 7 (10.9) 16 (16.0) 18 (27.3) 23 (13.7) 64 (16.1)


University Scientists Never 23 (35.9) 30 (30.0) 10 (15.2) 38 (22.6) 101 (25.4)Chi-square =35.12* Sometimes 12 (18.8) 15 (15.0) 12 (18.2) 19 (11.3) 58 (14.6)


Extension workers Never 54 (84.4) 90 (90.0) 61 (92.4) 157 (93.5) 362 (91.0)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 6 (9.4) 6 (6.0) 3 (3.4) 3 (1.8) 18 (4.5)

Often 2 (3.1) 1 (1.0) 2 (3.0) 5 (3.0) 10 (2.5)Most Often 2 (3.1) 3 (3.0) 3 (1.8) 8 (2.0)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Panchyat personnels Never 59 (92.2) 87 (87.0) 60 (90.9) 155 (92.3) 361 (90.7)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 4 (6.3) 9 (9.0) 4 (6.1) 8 (4.8) 25 (6.3)

Often 2 (2.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (2.4) 7 (1.8)Most Often 1 (1.6) 2 (2.0) 1 (1.5) 1 (0.6) 5 (1.3)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

NGOs Never 59 (92.2) 87 (87.0) 57 (86.4) 157 (93.5) 360 (90.5)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 4 (6.3) 8 (8.0) 8 (12.1) 7 (4.2) 27 (6.8)

Often 21 (1.0) 1 (0.6) 2 (0.5)Most Often 1 (1.6) 4 (4.0) 1 (1.5) 3 (1.8) 9 (2.3)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Private organizations Never 35 (54.7) 73 (73.0) 42 (63.6) 130 (77.4) 280 (70.4)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 22 (34.4) 14 (14.0) 20 (30.3) 26 (15.5) 82 (20.6)

Often 4 (6.3) 9 (9.0) 3 (4.5) 5 (3.0) 21 (5.3)Most Often 3 (4.7) 4 (4.0) 1 (.5) 7 (4.2) 15 (3.8)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

*Significant at 1% level of probability. Data given in parenthses are in per cent.

The non-institutional sources of information, viz. family members, relatives, friends and neighboursand village/opinion leaders were observed to have a significant impact on level of adoption of zerotillage by the farmers in the study area (Table 7, significant chi-square values). It is further clearfrom the table that these sources of information mostly served as an occasional source of informationto the adopters in the study area.

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Table 7. Source of information (Non-Institutional) profile of respondents


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family member Never 23 (35.9) 21 (21.0) 10 (15.2) 49 (29.2) 103 (25.9)Chi-square=24.32* Sometimes 22 (34.4) 39 (39.0) 39 (59.1) 65 (38.7) 165 (41.5)


Relatives Never 19 (29.7) 8 (8.0) 2 (3.0) 10 (6.0) 39 (9.8)Chi-square=48.53* Sometimes 22 (34.4) 49 (49.0) 45 (68.2) 95 (56.5) 211 (53.0)


Friends & neighbours Never 13 (20.3) 4 (4.0) 9 (5.4) 26 (6.5)Chi-square=38.75* Sometimes 25 (39.1) 46 (46.0) 41 (62.1) 85 (50.6) 197 (49.5)

Often 9 (14.1) 30 (30.0) 9 (13.6) 27 (16.1) 75 (18.8)Most Often 17 (26.6) 20 (20.) 16 (24.2) 47 (28.0) 100 (25.1)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Village/opinion leadersNever 47 (73.4) 78 (78.0) 52 (78.8) 138 (82.1) 315 (79.1)Chi-square=31.74* Sometimes 15 (23.4) 17 (17.0) 11 (16.7) 21 (12.5) 64 (16.1)

Often 2 (3.1) 2 (2.0) 2 (3.0) 5 (3.0) 11 (2.8)Most Often 3 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (2.4) 8 (2.0)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Chopal meetings Never 50 (78.1) 81 (81.0) 55 (83.3) 150 (89.3) 336 (84.4)Chi-square=NS Sometimes 12 (18.8) 15 (15.0) 9 (13.6) 11 (6.5) 47 (11.8)

Often 2 (3.1) 3 (3.0) 2 (3.0) 5 (3.0) 12 (3.0)Most Often 1 (1.0) 2 (1.2) 3 (0.8)Total 64 (100.0) 100 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 168 (100.0) 398 (100.0)

Data given in parenthses are in per cent.

Knowledge of ZT Technology

Placement of phosphorus at right depth was perceived as big advantage by the farmers in the studyarea (Fig. 9). This can, at least in theory, lead to much better nutrient use efficient as evident fromthe response of farmers regarding health of crop after first post-sowing irrigation. Most of the farmersagreed that under ZT the crop does not turn yellow after first irrigation (Fig. 10) and population ofPhalaris minor is less in ZT as compared to CT (Fig. 11). When compared with CT, some 280farmers out of 398 strongly agreed that under zero tillage the wheat crop does not turn yellow afterpost-sowing irrigation. The lodging of crop nearing maturity has been a serious problem. Most farmers(93.7%) have reported that the lodging (Fig. 12) is significantly reduced due to zero-tillage. Suchfactors together with other factors explained in this paragraph have made farmers readier to acceptthe concept of zero-tillage than they were in the past. Traditionally followed conventional tillageoften leads to heavy population of Phalaris minor as was evident from the history of the evolution ofzero-tillage in Haryana (Malik et al., 2002, 2005). Zero-tillage first intended to solve part of herbicideresistance problem has now been authenticated by Yadav and Malik (2005) where authors haveexplained how a farmer has escaped the use of herbicide in one out of two or three years. Thereduction in population of Phalaris minor due to zero-tillage has also been reported from Punjab(Singh et al., 2005b), western Uttar Pradesh (Singh et al., 2005a), Bihar (Singh et al., 2005e),Uttaranchal (Thakur et al., 2005) and eastern Uttar Pradesh (Singh et al., 2005c). The four year

20

plan of NATP project on acceleration of RCTs has established the improved efficiency of externalinputs due to improved productivity of wheat crop. The knowledge of farmers presented here showsthat ambivalence towards zero-tillage has been clarified as the farmers now understand such factorswhich helped them to adopt zero-tillage. The survey indicates that mindset of farmers of IGP is nowchanging in favour of zero-tillage.

Other Important Factors Where Farmers Need to Enrich Their Knowledge Include :Early SowingsZero-tillage technology has provided a chance to plant wheat at least 7-10 days early. This allowsmore time for crop maturity and thus a yield premium of 1-2% per day depending on the region.Farmers are not only spending less on tillage but they are planting their crop much early. In theevent of drought like situations where spending on rice cultivation has increased, farmers have thebest option to save money in wheat sowing and take the advantage of early sowings.

Fig. 9. Do fa rmers agree tha t zero t i l l age a l lowsplacement of phosphorus at right depth?

Fig. 10. Do farmers agree that in zero tillage crop doesnot turn yellow after first irrigation?

Fig. 11. Do farmers agree that the population of Phalarisminor i s less in zero t i l l age compared toconventional tillage?

Fig. 12 Do farmers agree that lodging is not a problemin Zero-tillage?

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Fuel Savings

Zero-tillage technology has the benefit of 22-31 per cent less energy use. Survey of farmers byCCSHAU and Pantnagar has shown that this technology can save at least 60-70 litre dieselha-1. The less use of diesel will have combined effect by making both farmers and environmentbetter off. The technology will therefore, provide a clearly discernible return with favourable impacton environment.

Causes of Concern

Nematodes

The perception and reality about long-term consequences have narrowed down because so farthere has been no cause of concern as far as pest spectrum is concerned. The zero-tillage technologyis likely to prove long lasting. However, to ensure that zero-tillage technology serves long-terminterest of farmers and environment, it is important to establish long-term studies by maintainingpermanent sites at farmer’s field. Some of the studies from permanent sites at farmer ’s field inHaryana have shown that no definite trend in nematode population has emerged after five years ofadoption of zero-tillage (Singh et al., 2005d).

Insect Spectrum

The effects of modified tillage practices of wheat sowing on composition of insects in Haryanastate, north-west India, were studied by Jaipal et al. (2002) for three years. The 24 on-farm sitessampled every two weeks during the regular growing season of rice recorded 61 species of insectsand spiders. The number was considerably less in wheat crop. The spectrum of insect faunaparticularly in or around the no-till wheat field at all the sites appeared substantially rich in beneficialfauna, the rice stubble providing cover to a variety of the spiders, ants, earwigs, lady beetles andbugs. These beneficial fauna were also noticed to take refuge in grasses and other weeds growingon the bunds of wheat fields or nearby wastelands. Albeit their number generally declined underlow temperature, it increased gradually over the seasons. The no-till sites with rice stubble shavedoff or burnt in situ harboured lower number of natural enemies than those with stubble intact. Thisfauna in wheat fields sown with conventional or raised-bed methods was, however, almost absent.The yellow stem borer of rice (Scirpophaga incertulas) and pink borer (Sesamia inferens) were themain hibernating pests in soil stubble. In situations of in situ burning or decaying gradually thepopulation of yellow and pink stem borer reduced to negligible in the months of Jan. and Feb.

Pathogens

Work done in Haryana by Singh et al. (2002) indicated that the population of soil fungi was more inconventional than zero-till fields at CRI and dough stage of wheat, while no uniform trend wasobserved in paddy. Fusarium species, D. rostrata and Penicillium species were predominant fungiin rhizosphere of wheat and rice. The population of F. moniliforme was more in conventionallysown wheat fields than zero, while it was more or less same in paddy. F. moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum,D. oryzae and D. rostrata were found pathogenic on paddy and A. triticina and B. sorokiniana onwheat. There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of major diseases of rice-wheat sequence in the state.

Attitude Towards ZT Technology

The mean attitude scores of adopters and non-adopters of different categories of farmers are givenin Fig.13. It is evident from Fig. 13 that the attitude of adopters was higher than that of non-adopterson all the farm size categories. However, the difference in attitude scores of adopters and non-adopters was observed to be statistically non-significant. It may be due to the reason that the attitude

22

level of both adopters and non-adopters is quite high and the non-adopters are also on the verge ofadoption of this technology.

Determinants of Adoption of ZT Technology

Step-wise discriminant analysis was undertaken to examine the characters of farmers which havesignificant bearing on adoption of ZT. The equation is given below :

ZT (adoption) = 0.685 WPstrength + 0.426 CP – 0.603 TOATS + 0.686 TOKNS - 0.862 TOSATS +0.311 TOCONS

Where,

WPstrength=Strength of working population in a family; CP = Change Proneness of farmer;

TOATS=Total score on attitude towards zero-tillage;

TOKNS=Total score on knowledge regarding zero-tillage;

TOSATS=Total score on level of satisfaction of farmer on adoption of zero-tillage; and

TOCONS=Total score on constraints in adoption of zero-tillage.

These determinants have been discussed below in order of their ranking.

1. Total Satisfaction Level

The level of satisfaction due to zero-tillage was ascertained among adopters and non-adopters onthe basis of a set of 19 questions asked from both of these groups. The maximum attainable scoreon level of satisfaction was 95 and the average score of adopters (81.95) was significantly higherthan that of non-adopters (65.20). The standard deviations were 4.84 and 12.60 for these respectivegroups. It is clear from the discriminant equation presented above that since the coefficient of totalsatisfaction level was the highest (0.862), the level of satisfaction had the highest impact on adoptionof zero-tillage by the farmers in the study area. The data do reflect the value that farmers are firmtowards satisfaction they derive from a technology. The satisfaction level generally reflects the factthat farmers will accept the technology if the economic costs are always positive. Saving in tillage

Fig. 13. Mean attitude score of respondents towards zero tillage (Maximum attainable score = 95).

0

20

40

60

80

100


Farm category

Score

att

ain

ed

Adopters Non-adopters

23

operations will be one thing and satisfaction from improved productivity will be another thing. It istherefore important to keep demonstrating the technology on-farm, so that farmers can relate toand adapt technology in a practical manner (Cummins, 2002).

2. Total Knowledge Regarding Zero-tillage

The knowledge level of adopters and non-adopters regarding zero tillage was ascertained basedon a set of 23 questions asked from both of these groups. The adopters scored 101.91 on anaverage, while non-adopters scored 95.2 out of maximum attainable score of 115. The standarddeviations were 6.23 and 8.14 for these respective groups and the difference between the twogroups was observed to be statistically significant at 5% level of probability. It is clear from thediscriminant equation presented above that since the coefficient of total knowledge score (0.686)regarding zero tillage was lower than the coefficient of total satisfaction score, the knowledge levelexhibited next best impact on level of adoption. In addition to factors mentioned above, riskmanagement will remain a key element influencing the acceleration of this technology. Surely, theimpact of withdrawl of technical support in terms of new projects would be vast if farmers are notprovided with relevant answers of questions related with soil health and the causes of concernsregarding the insect, pest, disease and weed spectrum. Long-term studies that have been establishedin Haryana have shown that so far zero tillage technology has maintained a positive balance and isnot likely to pose any problem in the long-run (Kumar, 2004; Jaipal et al., 2005; Singh et. al.,2005d; Yadav et al., 2005a; Kumar et al., 2005). The long-term data from these studies affirmed thevalue of long-term trials for a risk management study for long-term success of this technology. Itimplies that the answers of skeptics of this technology need to be given through long-term studiesand constant knowledge enhancement of farmers is a must. Yield benefits and improved profitabilitywere easier to identify but long-term consequences that have been established positively in Haryanamust be continued in Haryana and elsewhere. The overall improvement in the knowledge of farmerswill help reaping the enormous economic and environmental benefits in the long-run.

3. Working Population in Household

The strength of adult males and females (total working population) in a household was observed tobe next important factor of adoption of zero tillage in the study area. Average working population inan adopter family was observed to be 2.7, while that of a non-adopter was slightly lower (2.3). Thestrength of working population in adopter and non-adopter families also differed significantly. Theproportion of working members in the nuclear family is more as compared to that in joint family.Well motivated family workers per hectare whose main source is ‘self-employment in agriculture’seem to influence the adoption process of new technology. In addition to more capital gain, lesslabour time per hectare may be an important criterion for larger agreement on adoption of zero-tillage.

4. Attitude Towards Zero-tillage

The attitude of respondents was ascertained based upon their response towards a set of 19questions. Here also the response was taken on a 5-point scale ranging from ‘strongly agree’ to‘strongly disagree’. The maximum attainable score was 95. Adopters obtained a higher score (91.07)than the non-adopters (78.60) and these differed significantly at 5% level of probability. Thecoefficient of attitude (0.603) was observed to be next in ranking to number of males in the familythus indicating its importance in level of adoption of zero-tillage. The positive attitude has beenfound to be a driving force of change from conventional tillage to zero-tillage. Much of this success

24

has been associated with high rates of return from the technology that was demonstrated at farmers’field. These data indicate a greater return on the investment made in the project over the last fouryears. Investment in agricultural research and exyenstion has been documented as beneficial tofarmers and consumers. Much of this success has been associates with plant breeding (Maredia etal., 2000; Brennan et al., 2003) but not around natural resource management because attributablesuccess in this area is more difficult to demonstrate (Krall, 2003). This has happened withdiversification programme which has remained under pressure to deliver impacts. However, the0zero-tillage technology has clearly shown that the positive attitude was a significant indicator ofvirtues of this technology. The strategic plan elaborated by CSIRO has stated that it is not enoughjust to have great idea; we must have impact, solve problems and make a difference (CSIRO, 2003,quoted by Carberry, 2004). This study clearly demonstrates successful implementation of theparticipatory action for acceleration of resource conservation technologies.

5. Change Proneness

Change proneness refers to an individual’s ability to adapt to the new technology. This wasascertained based on the response of adopters and non-adopters towards a set of nine questionsreceived on a two-point scale of yes/no. The average change proneness of adopters was observedto be significantly high as compared to that of non-adopters with regard to only one aspect. Thosewho usually want to see the results of their neighbours before adopting a new practice were observedto be key player in adoption of this particular technology. Its coefficient next in ranking to coefficientof attitude towards zero-tillage as evident in the discriminant equation, further supports the abovefindings. Characteristics associated with the technology (simple vs complex), the personal andsituational factors associated with target groups (within village or cluster of villages) and actualenvironment (physical, economic and social) in which the demonstrations have been laid out arekey challenges faced by any organization involved in the development and promotion of anytechnology. That is why the farmers participatory process was an important paradigm shift foracceleration of this technology not only in Haryana but also in other states. That is also the reasonwhy scientists failed to evolve zero-tillage when most work was at research farm but not at farmers’field (DWR, 1995, 96). We must, therefore, consider that farmers have genuine reasons for adoptionor non-adoption of a technology. Farmers’ inability to accept new technologies sometime is theresult of technologies whose development takes place outside of local farm situation. The relativeconfidence of the individual farmer to adopt new technology will influence the adoption rate.Therefore, when farmers actively experience the true development of the technology, the learningprocess is faster and adoption is faster. Conclusively, the farmers participatory approach thatincorporated an open participatory process to technology development provided the greatest potentialto accelerate the adoption of this technology throughout the IGP.

6. Constraints in Zero-tillage

Constraints in adoption of zero-tillage were observed to be least important factor in adoption ofzero-tillage. The coefficient of constraints in adoption was observed to be the lowest (0.311) andtherefore, for adopters this was found to play a significant role. Although the provision of subsidyhas played an important role in the spread of new zero-tillage machines in whole of IGP but this isnot an overriding factor for adoption. As part of long-term exit policy, the subsidy may not be asimportant as the level of satisfaction that farmers drive from this technology. For stimulating furtherexpansion in the area, the custom hire services may be encouraged and subsidy may be associatedwith the possible environmental gains that technology may deliver in the long-run.

25

The impact assessment studies made on zero-tillage have incorporated a strong monitoring andevaluation mechanism which has been difficult to quantify. Earlier, most efforts were directed towardsimpacts of breeding. However, the accelerated adoption that has been seen for zero-tillage willenhance the attraction for the process of farmers’ participatory approach that was followed in thisproject. The impact presented in this study calls for continued investment in this type of strategicresearch and development. The adoption of no-till by South Asian farmers can be considered asrevolution because it is a part of significant paradigm shift in the way wheat production is managedin RWCS (Malik et al., 2004). Carberry (2004) stated that we must demonstrate successfulimplementation of participatory action research, its impacts and contribution to innovative science.During the process of implementation of the project on Acceleration of Resource ConservationTechnologies, the project scientists were given a mandate to develop a questionnaire and reportthe impacts. A study of economic benefits of zero-tillage was first published by the Center ofInternational Economics in Australia (Vincent and Quirke, 2002). This study apparently underlinesthe case for further acceleration of zero-tillage in at least 50% of area under rice-wheat croppingsystem of IGP. Before the implementation of project, just getting the policy makers around the tablewas hard enough. The study finds that balance of economic and environmental benefits will keepreassuring policy makers to continuously support the process of acceleration of this technology.Around IGP, an advance sowing by 10-20 days as reported from different centres will have muchlarger impact on improving the wheat productivity. It is worth noting that these estimates on rates ofreturns presented in this paper are based on a scenario where the advantages of advanced sowingsare less than eastern Uttar Pradesh (Singh et al., 2005c) and Bihar (Singh et al., 2005e). In thesestates, the technology is likely to further improve the estimates of net profit.

Where we stand?

Any technology which needs less investment through savings in cost of cultivation and improvesyield due to advanced sowing or better efficiency of external inputs, clearly the two together, will bemore profitable. Changing to a zero-tillage system on one hectare of land would lead to a gain ofRs. 2600 per ha and a saving of 50 litres/ha of diesel. During last four years, the zero-tillagetechnology has provided a cumulative wealth of Rs. 6088 million with contributions of Rs. 260, 572,1954 and 3302 millions from individual years of 2001-02 to 2004-05. The cumulative saving indiesel was to the tune of 117 million litres (Table 8). These benefits will increase dramatically if theaccelerated adoption is further extended across 50% area of RWCS of 12 m ha.

Table 8. Area covered, saving in fuel and total net saving due to zero-tillage wheat duringNATP project

Year Area (ha) Net gain (Million Rs.) Fuel saving (Million litres)@ Rs. 2600 ha-1 @ 50 l ha-1

2001-02 100000 260 5.0

2002-03 220000 572 11.0

2003-04 750000 1954 37.5

2004-05 1270000 3302 63.5

Total 2340000 6088 117.0

26

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Malik, R. K., A. Yadav, S. Singh, P. K. Sardana, Peter R. Hobbs and Raj Gupta, 2004. No-tillage Farming in theRice-wheat Cropping Systems in India. In : Sustainable Agriculture and the International Rice-wheat System.Lal, Rattan, Hobbs, Peter, R., Uphoff, Norman and Hansen, David, O. (eds.). pp. 133-146.

Malik, R. K., Ashok Yadav, R. K. Gupta, Samar Singh, P. R. Hobbs and R. Bellinder, 2005. Introduction and successof zero-tillage in wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in Haryana, India – related stories. ProjectWorkshop Proc. on “Accelerating the Adoption of Resource Conservation Technologies in Rice-wheatSystems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” held on June 1-2, 2005 at Hisar (Haryana), India. pp. 1-17.

Malik, R. K., Ashok Yadav, Samar Singh, R. S. Malik, R. S., R. S. Balyan, Saroj Jaipal, Peter R. Hobbs, Girjeet Gill,Samunder Singh, R. K. Gupta and R. Bellinder, 2002. Herbicide Resistance Management and Evolution ofZero-Tillage–A Success Story. Research Bulletin-2002, CCSHAU, Hisar. pp. 1-43.

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Sheoran, Parvender, 2003. Nitrogen management and its impact assessment at farmers’ field in rice in rice-wheatcropping system. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU, Hisar.

Singh, A. K., G. C. Sharma and Saurabh Sharma, 2005a. Productivity and economics of wheat cultivation as affectedby tillage systems. Project Workshop Proc. on “Accelerating the Adoption of Resource ConservationTechnologies in Rice-Wheat Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” held on June 1-2, 2005 at Hisar (Haryana),India. pp. 202-207.

Singh, Avtar, A. S. Virk, G. K. Virk and H. K. Virk, 2005b. Effect of zero-tillage and conventional tillage on the yieldpotential of wheat. Project Workshop Proc. on “Accelerating the Adoption of Resource ConservationTechnologies in Rice-wheat Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” held on June 1-2, 2005 at Hisar (Haryana),India. pp. 216-218.

Singh, C. M., R. V. Pandey and Janmejai Singh, 2005c. Accelerating of zero-tillage technology in Indo-Gangeticplains of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Project Workshop Proc. on “Accelerating the Adoption of ResourceConservation Technologies in Rice-wheat Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” held on June 1-2, 2005 atHisar (Haryana), India. pp. 148-153.

Singh, Joginder and R. S. Sindhu, 2004. Trends and possibilities of crop diversification in high potential rice-wheatbelt of Punjab, Dilawari, V. K., Brar, L. S. and Jalota, S. K. (eds). Proc. Workshop on Sustainable AgricultureProblems & Prospects, November 9-11, organized by Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana incollaboration with Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council and Department of Scienceand Technology, New Delhi. pp. 132-142.

Singh, Ram, R. K. Malik, S. Singh and Ashok Yadav, 2005d. Effect of tillage practices on diseases of rice-wheat system.Project Workshop Proc. on “Accelerating the Adoption of Resource Conservation Technologies in Rice-wheatSystems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” held on June 1-2, 2005 at Hisar (Haryana), India. pp. 69-73.

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Singh, Ram, R. K. Malik, Samar Singh, Ashok Yadav and E. Duveiller, 2002. Influence of Zero-Tillage in Wheat onPopulation Dynamics of Soil Fungi and Diseases of Rice-Wheat System. International Workshop Proc. on"Herbicide Resistance Management and Zero-Tillage in Rice-wheat Cropping System, March 4-6 at CCSHAU,Hisar". pp. 177-181.

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Socio-economic Impact of Zero Till Technology in Indo-Gangetic Plains of EasternUttar Pradesh

C. M. Singh1 and R. V. Pandey2

N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad - 224 229

ABSTRACT

The zero till technology in seeding of wheat has significant impact in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh wheresowing of wheat invariably delayed by 15 to 30 days resulting in reduction of yield @ one per cent per day. In thepast three years, the success of technology indicates geometric progression in area expansion from 550 ha (2001-02) to 9510 ha (2003-04) due to implementation of National Agricultural Technology Project of ICAR on accelerationof Resource Conservation Technologies (RCTs) by the scientists in farmers’ participatory mode. The survey of 100randomly selected zero tillage adopters and non-adopters has clearly established socio-cultural, psychologicaland economic gains by reflecting 10 per cent improvement in wheat productivity and crucial incentive for resourcepoor farmers. Further, the scanning of socio-economic data indicated that ZT technology had sense of achievement,merit for promotion, technical feasibility, stress reduction and opportunity for custom hiring services.

INTRODUCTION

The zero till technology in wheat after harvesting of rice was introduced first time during rabi 2001-02 by NDUAT, Kumarganj, Faizabad on massive scale in Eastern Uttar Pradesh by covering 550 haarea of 290 farmers belonging to 17 districts. After getting encouraging results, the area furtherexpanded by 1430 ha (2002-03) and 9510 ha (2003-04) due to adoption of technology by 835 and3822 farmers, respectively.

It is obvious that rice-what is the most important cropping system of the region by occupying 2.7 mha area under the rotation. Enhancement in cost of cultivation has been considered as majorconstraint. Besides, stagnation in yield over last one and half decades despite of favourable monsoonand increasing irrigation potential has also struck the minds of managers and planners.

After introduction of zero till technology on farmers’ fields, several if and but questions frequentlywere raised by the non-adopters and even by field functionaries about the success and merit oftechnology. Accordingly, socio-economic impact of ZT technology among adopters and non-adopterswas studied in those clusters where farmers had adopted this innovative technology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The zero till technology in wheat after harvesting of rice is being demonstrated by the Directorate ofExtension, NDUAT, Kumarganj, Faizabad in 23 districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh since rabi 2001-02. For the purpose drills were arranged by DASP through CIMMYT and CIAE, Bhopal undercollaborative approach of NDUAT. During the year 2003-04, an area of 9510 ha was sown in differentagro-ecosystems. As per mandate, it was decided to conduct survey on socio-economic impact ofzero tillage in various districts of eastern part of state. For this purpose, a schedule was developedand data were collected from 50 sample farmers who have actually adopted this technology. Similarly,50 other neighbouring farmers were also surveyed who have seen the impact of zero till technologybut not adopted yet due to non-availability of machine and some other reasons. Thus, survey wasdone in 16 villages of 10 districts. The details are given in Table 1.

1Director Extension, 2Addl. Director Extension.

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Table 1. Number of respondents under various districts/villages for socio-economic impactstudy

S. District Villages Respondents

No. Adopters Non-adopters

1. Bahraich Fatna Fakarpur 43 342. Basti Vishnupurva Paddiya 334 333

Kinauna Kurthia3. Siddharthnagar Sikta Bhanwapur 44 444. Mahrajganj Varwa Dwarika 3 45. Gorakhpur Malur Khadraich 21 216. Mau Gulauri 4 37. Ballia Sohaon Narahi 22 328. Varanasi Matuka 3 39. Mirzapur Hauna Kaithi 4 3

10. Faizabad Madhupur 4 5Total 16 50 50

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Socio-economic Profile

The data recorded in Table 2 indicate that out of 100 per cent farmers, the highest number of 30farmers (60%) belonged to large size of holding followed by 32 and 8% farmers belonged to mediumand small categories, respectively, who adopted the technology. Marginal farmers whose holdingswere less than one hectare did not adopt the technology during last three years due to lack ofmachine, small size of holding and less risk bearing capacity.

Table 2. Operational size of holdings

Category & size of holdings Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)

Marginal (< 1 ha) – –Small (1-2 ha) 8 20Medium (2-5 ha) 32 40Large (> 5 ha) 60 40Total 100 100

The age-wise distribution of sample farmers showed that maximum adopters were in age group of40-50 years in all three categories i.e. large, medium and small followed by 30-40 years of agegroup (Table 3). Above 60 years of age, no farmers adopted ZT technology, which reflects thatmature and younger farmers of the society are fast adopter and better decision makers in favour ofinnovative technology. Most of them belong to nuclear families (70%) (Table 4) and have educationlevel of high school or intermediate (Table 5). The higher percentage is of nuclear families in respectto zero tillage adoption because of few persons intervention in taking quick decision in comparisonto a large number of persons in a joint family system. Higher score on institutional membership likebank and cooperative revealed that zero tillage technology had been adopted by farmers respectiveto their status in the society (Table 6).

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Table 3. Age of respondents

Age groups Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)(year) Small Medium Large Small Medium Large

20-30 2 4 4 4 2 430-40 2 8 16 4 12 840-50 4 16 36 8 12 2050-60 - 4 4 4 14 4> 60 - - - - - 4Total 8 32 60 20 40 40

Table 4. Type of family

Type Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)Small Medium Large Small Medium Large

Joint 2 8 20 8 14 12Nuclear 6 24 40 12 26 28Total 8 32 60 20 40 40

Table 5. Education

Education Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)

1. Illiterate 4 162. Can read & write 12 143. Primary 8 64. Middle 10 105. High school 30 286. Intermediate 20 107. Graduate 10 88. Post-graduate 6 8

Total 100 100

Table 6. Affiliation to social organizations

Membership Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)Small Medium Large Small Medium Large

Panchayat 2 – 4 – 2 –Cooperative – 8 * 16 ** 2 10 + 14++

Bank – 8 * 40 ** 2 12 + 22++

None 6 16 – 16 16 4Total 8 32 60 20 40 40

*6% adopters are members of cooperative society & bank both.**12% adopters are members of cooperative society & bank both.+8% adopters are members of cooperative society & bank both.++10% adopters are members of cooperative society & bank both.

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Table 7. Farm implements

Implements Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)

Small Medium Large Small Medium Large

1. Tractor – 8 38 – 10 18

2. Trolley – 8 38 – 8 18

3. Thresher 2 14 48 – 18 28

4. Seed drill – 4 6 – 8 10

5. ZT drill – 6 14 – – –

6. Bed planter – – 2 – – –

7. Reaper – 2 – – – –

8. Combine – – – – – –

9. Electric tube-well/pump 4 30 60 4 28 40

Table 8. Materials possession

Implements Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)

Small Medium Large Small Medium Large

1. Transistor 6 10 4 10 16 10

2. Tape recorder 4 4 8 12 12 10

3. T.V./VCD – 2 14 2 8 12

4. Refrigerator – – 2 – – 2

5. Telephone/Mobile – – 4 – – 2

6. Cycle 8 32 40 16 18 22

7. MC/Scooter – 6 10 – 4 18

8. Car/Jeep – – 2 – – 2

Economic Characteristics

The adopters are not economically so rich as their farm implements possession score is below 50per cent. Of course large farmers who are economically somewhat sound they adopted technologyfast and in higher percentage when compared to medium assets owner. In case of small category,adopters are almost negligible.

It is evident from Table 7 that 46% farmers were having their own tractors and 54% farmers usedtractor power on hire-purchase basis among the adopters of ZT technology. It may further be pointedout that only 20% farmers were ZT drill owners and rest arranged their sowing either on custom hirebasis or used the machine provided by university for demonstration purpose. Among adopters,60% large farmers had own irrigation facilities like electric tube-well and pump set. Materialpossession by different category farmers has been given in Table 8.

32

Psychological Parameters

It is evident from the data recorded in Table 9 about change in proneness that adopters in higherpercentage are keen to keep themselves updated with innovative technology like zero tillage, theirknowledge and attitude towards zero tillage in quite high despite of poor information flow oftechnology. The university scientists are the major source through whom farmers could get skill-oriented information either through training or demonstrations. Family member intervention andchaupal meetings were major vehicles in observing the information (Table 10).

Farmers were seen highly satisfied (Table 11) with zero tillage technology as it has sense ofachievement, merit for promotion, technical feasibility, stress reduction, opportunity for custom hiringservices, saving in cost of cultivation, time and energy alongwith improvement in yield (Tables 12and 13).

A perusal of data pertaining to constraints (Table 14) revealed that most of the farmers did not feelany technical conditions in adoption of ZT technology. However, 90% farmers faced most seriousproblem about non-availability of drills due to lack of local manufacture. Besides, extensionconstraints like lack of adequate man power from state extension agencies, poor attention of massmedia and financial constraints, viz. lack of money to buy new machine are the major bottlenecks.

Table 9. Change proneness (%)

S. Statements Adopters Non-adoptersNo. (%) (%)

Yes No Yes No

1. (a) I try to keep myself updated with information on new farming practices, 76 24 60 40but that does not mean that I try out all the new methods.

(b) I feel restless till I try out a new farming practice I have heard about. 80 20 50 50

(c) They talk of many new practices these days but who knows 40 60 64 36if they are better than old ones.

2. (a) I am cautious about trying a new farming practice. 70 30 40 60

(b) After all, our forefathers were right in their practices and 10 90 80 20I do not see any reason for changing these old methods.

(c) Often new practices are not successful, however, if they 90 10 40 60are promising, I would surely adopt them.

3. (a) From time to time I have heard about several new farming technologies/ 60 40 52 48practices and I have tried most of them in the last few years.

(b) I usually want see the results of my neighbours obtained 64 36 60 40before I try out new practices.

(c) Sometimes, I believe that traditional ways of doing agriculture are the best. 62 38 70 30

4. (a) Have you applied for loan from any Bank of Govt. organization? 50 50 60 40

(b) If yes, did you get loan? 50 50 70 30

33

Table 11. Level of satisfaction by adoption of zero tillage technology

S. Statements Per cent of parametersNo. HS S D

1. Achievement 90 10 –2. Merit for promotion 92 8 –3. Technical feasibility 60 40 –4. Stress reduction 70 30 –5. Custom hiring 60 40 –6. Neighbour appreciation 78 22 –7. Time saving 96 4 –8. Energy saving 100 – –9. Opportunities other than R–W 14 26 60

10. Cost saving 100 – –11. Yield improvement 70 24 612. Advancement scope 87 14 –13. Timely sowing 92 8 –

HS–Highly satisfied, S–Satisfied, D–Dissatisfied.

Table 10. Source of information on zero tillage technology (%)

Particulars Adopters Non-adoptersSmall Medium Large Small Medium Large

A. Mass mediaRadio – 10 – – 4 96TV – 10 90 – 10 90Film shows – – 100 – – 100Farm publications – 40 60 – – 100Pamphlets – 40 60 – – 100Exhibition – 80 20 – 40 60News paper – 50 50 – 30 70Kisan Mela – 60 40 30 30 40Field days – 60 40 30 30 40

B. InstitutionalADO – – – – – –University 90 10 – 10 40 50Scientists – – – – – –Extension workers – – 100 – – 100Panchayat – – – – – –Personnel – – – – – –NGOs – – – – – –Private organization – – – – – –

C. Non-institutionalFamily members 90 10 – – 10 90Relatives – 40 60 – – 100Friends & Neighbours – 40 60 – 10 90Village/Opinion leaders – 50 50 – 50 80Chaupal meetings 80 20 – – 90 50

34

Tabl

e 12

.A

ttit

ude

tow

ards

ZT

tech

nolo

gy (

%)

Sta

tem

ents

Ado

pter

sN

on-a

dopt

ers

SA

AU

DD

SD

SA

AU

DD

SD

1.ZT

is h

ighl

y pr

ofita

ble

tech

nolo

gy.

690

––

––

6032

44

2.I w

ould

not

adv

ise

anyo

ne to

ado

pt Z

T.–

––

496

––

86

863.

ZT d

oes

not i

ncre

ase

the

whe

at y

ield

at a

ll.–

––

694

–4

126

784.

I sav

ed g

ood

amou

nt o

f mon

ey d

ue to

ado

ptio

n of

ZT.

9010

––

––

––

––

5.G

ovt.

is s

impl

y w

astin

g m

oney

on

popu

lariz

ing

ZT.

––

––

100

––

100

––

6.ZT

tech

nolo

gy is

a ri

sky

prop

ositi

on.

––

–40

60–

––

3268

7.ZT

will

nev

er b

e su

cces

sful

in o

ur a

rea.

––

––

100

––

1616

688.

I fee

l all

the

farm

ers

shou

ld a

dopt

ZT

tech

.84

610

––

–12

1870

–9.

ZT d

oes

not s

ave

dies

el it

is ju

st m

yth.

––

––

100

––

–90

1010

.ZT

doe

s no

t sav

e m

oney

it is

just

myt

h.–

––

–10

0–

––

–10

011

.ZT

sav

es w

ater

from

firs

t to

subs

eque

nt ir

rigat

ion.

100

––

––

964

––

–12

.Th

e cr

op d

oes

not t

urn

yello

w a

fter f

irst i

rrig

atio

n in

ZT.

9010

––

–92

8–

––

13.

ZT te

chno

logy

is v

ery

sim

ple

and

does

not

requ

ire a

ny s

peci

al s

kill.

9010

––

––

100

––

–

SA

–Stro

ngly

agr

eed,

A–A

gree

d, U

D–U

ndec

ided

, D–D

isag

reed

, S

D–S

trong

ly d

isag

reed

.

35

Tabl

e 13

.K

now

ledg

e of

ZT

tech

nolo

gy (

%)

Sta

tem

ents

Ado

pter

sN

on-a

dopt

ers

SA

AU

DD

SD

SA

AU

DD

SD

1.ZT

tech

nolo

gy m

eans

a n

ew m

achi

ne th

at w

ill in

crea

se th

e yi

eld.

–80

20–

––

6040

––

2.S

oil m

oist

ure

cond

ition

for s

owin

g w

ith Z

T a

day

befo

re fi

eld

9010

––

––

–10

0–

–

norm

ally

com

es u

nder

wor

king

con

ditio

n.

3.S

tand

ing

(anc

hore

d) s

tubb

les

of ri

ce u

pto

15"

is n

ot a

pro

blem

.–

–10

2080

––

1525

60

4.E

mer

genc

e of

whe

at u

nder

ZT

is 1

or 2

day

s ea

rlier

than

CT.

90

10–

––

–70

30–

–

5.P

hosp

horu

s is

pla

ced

at ri

ght d

epth

in th

e so

il w

ith Z

T dr

ill.

100

––

––

9010

––

–

6.Th

e se

ed is

pla

ced

in th

e m

ost f

ertil

e zo

ne o

f the

soi

l.20

80–

––

1575

10–

–

7.Th

e cr

op v

igou

r is

bette

r tha

n C

T.80

1010

––

6020

20–

–

8.P

hala

ris p

opul

atio

n is

less

in Z

T th

an in

CT.

2070

10–

–40

3030

––

9.U

se o

f pos

t-em

erge

nce

herb

icid

es is

nec

essa

ry in

ZT.

1035

1010

3530

3040

––

10.

The

savi

ng o

f at l

east

Rs.

100

0 pe

r acr

e is

pos

sibl

e by

usi

ng Z

T.90

10–

––

–80

20–

–

11.

The

crop

doe

s no

t rem

ain

yello

w a

fter f

irst i

rrig

atio

n.10

8010

––

2070

10–

–

12.

The

wat

er d

oes

not r

emai

n st

agna

nt in

ZT

afte

r firs

t irr

igat

ion.

––

1072

18–

6030

10–

13.

The

dies

el s

avin

g is

in th

e ra

nge

of 1

5-20

litre

s/ac

re.

9010

––

–70

30–

––

14.

Zero

-tilla

ge is

suc

cess

ful o

nly

in h

eavy

soi

ls.

––

1014

76–

–20

2060

15.

Zero

-tilla

ge is

als

o su

cces

sful

in re

lativ

e lig

ht s

oil.

614

80–

–10

1278

––

16.

The

lodg

ing

is n

ot a

pro

blem

in Z

T.40

2040

––

3030

40–

–

17.

Inse

ct p

opul

atio

n sp

ecia

lly y

ello

w s

tem

bor

er d

oes

not i

ncre

ase

––

100

––

––

928

–in

rice

afte

r whe

at u

sing

ZT.

18.

The

popu

latio

n of

rats

doe

s no

t inc

reas

e if

we

use

ZT.

––

2476

––

100

––

–

19.

The

popu

latio

n of

term

ite d

oes

not i

ncre

ase

in Z

T.–

–20

2060

–15

1570

–

20.

The

yiel

d in

ZT

field

is m

ore

than

in C

T.4

––

–72

820

––

96

21.

The

yiel

d in

ZT

field

is th

e sa

me

as in

CT.

––

–76

14–

––

5050

22.

The

yiel

d in

ZT

is le

ss th

an in

CT.

––

–26

74–

––

3070

23.

Ther

e is

def

inite

ly s

avin

g in

labo

ur if

one

use

s ZT

.10

0–

––

–90

46

––

SA

–Stro

ngly

agr

eed,

A–A

gree

d, U

D–U

ndec

ided

, D–D

isag

reed

, S

D–S

trong

ly d

isag

reed

.

36

Table 14. Constraints in adoption of ZT technology

S. Particulars Per cent of constraints

No. MS VS S NSS NS

A. Technical constraints1. Non-availability of quality drill 90 6 4 – –

2. Lack of appropriate loose straw management – – 90 10 –

3. High cost of drill – – 90 10 –

4. Lack of local manufacturer 100 – – – –

5. Standing (anchord) stubble – – – – 100

6. Appropriate moisture at the time of sowing 1- 90 – – –

7. More weeds problem at the time of drilling 80 20 – – –

8. Hardening of upper layer of soil 30 7 – – –

9. Late harvesting of rice – – – 20 100

10. Too early harvesting of rice – – – – 80

11. Straw burning 60 30 10 – –

B. Extension constraints1. Lack of adequate man power from state extension agencies 80 20 – – –

2. Lack of extension literature 20 70 10 – –

3. Lack of attention of mass media 70 20 10 – –

4. Lack of fellow farmers 20 10 70 – –

5. Lack of fellow farmers – 70 20 10 –

C. Financial constraints1. No subsidy on machine – – 100 – –

2. Lack of credit facilities – – 10 60 30

3. Lack of money to buy new machine 60 26 14 – –

MS–Most serious, VS–Very serious, S–Serious, NSS–Not so serious, NS–Not serious.

37

Impact Assessment and Farmers' Views Based on Survey

A. K. SinghProject Directorate for Cropping Systems Research, Modipuram, Meerut-250 110

INTRODUCTION

The study was conducted in randomly selected villages of Meerut, Baghpat and Saharanpur districtsof Western Uttar Pradesh during 2002 (at the initial stage of on-farm demonstration of zero tillagetechnique) and two years later in 2004. Personal interview technique on the basis of the set ofquestionnaires was used for the collection of data. Besides such phased data, questioning ondifferent components of wheat cultivation, socio-economic, cultural and technological backgroundof the respondents was also taken into account.

The response of farmers (respondents) with respect to attitude, knowledge and constraints(technological, extension and financial) obtained on a five-point attributes, viz. ‘Strongly agree’,‘agree’ ‘undecided’, ‘disagree’, and ‘strongly disagree’ with the weightage of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1,respectively for concerned statement. The total attitude and knowledge score for each respondentwas calculated and categor ized in three categor ies, viz . less knowledgeable (33-55%),knowledgeable (56-77%) and most knowledgeable (>77%) for knowledge level and less favourable(33-55%), favourable (56-77%) and most favourable (>77%) in case of attitude level.

With the help of farmers, researchers, extension agencies and other allied agencies all possibleconstraints in adoption were listed. These constraints were classified into three categories, viz.technical, extension and financial. Response related to the constraints was obtained on a five pointscontinuum, viz. “Most serious”, “Very serious”, “Serious”, “Not so serious” and “Not serious” withcorresponding weightage of 5, 4,3, 2 and 1, respectively. Based on the responses of farmers, totalscore of each constraint was calculated and each constraint, in turn, was ranked on the total scoredrange.

Attitude of the Farmers

Attitude of the farmers towards zero tillage technique was favourable at the beginning also as 92per cent of the farmers have shown positive attitude. Farmers were in agreement that adoption ofthis technology could reduce the cost of cultivation considerably, which in turn may help in gettinghigher monetary return. Few farmers have shown less favourable attitude as they were of the opinionthat wheat cannot be grown without tillage (land preparation). They were also of the view that zerotillage-sown wheat has poor germination. Now after two years, cent per cent of the respondentfarmers have positive attitude and also very much convinced that poor germination was not becauseof the zero tillage technology but due to insufficient moisture at the time of sowing and improperplacement of seeds due to improper adjustment of machine. Favourable attitude of higher proportionof farmers was mainly due to lesser operational cost (35.4%), use of lower seed rate (6.8%), lessweed infestation (20.2%), early sowing (9.6%) and seed emergence (about 3 days). Farmers didnot believe the reason as explained above earlier. It indicated a sea change in the mind-set offarmers. Data presented in Table 1 also indicate that none of the farmers has negative attitudeabout this technology.

38

Table 1. Farmer’s attitude and knowledge towards zero tillage in western Uttar Pradesh

Farmers (%)2002 2004

AttitudeMost favourable 75.0 51.85Favourable 16.7 48.15Less favourable 8.3 0.0KnowledgeHigh knowledge 29.2 77.8Medium knowledge 41.6 21.0Less knowledge 29.2 1.2

Knowledge of the Farmers

With respect to level of knowledge about ZTT amongst the farmers, about 77.8 per cent of thefarmers possessed very good knowledge on different aspects, viz. machine operation, maintenance,residue management, weed control, sowing time and field condition as against 29.2 per cent whensurveyed earlier during 2002. Very few farmers (1.2) have less knowledge about ZTT as on today incomparison to 29.2 per cent in 2002.

Generally, marginal and small farmers were found to have less knowledge about the zero tillagetechnology as they got the information about zero tillage by fellow farmers only and they did notexperience this technology at their own.

Study on the acceptability of zero tillage technology in western Uttar Pradesh during the last threeyears indicated that the area under zero tillage had been rapidly increasing. In Sharanpur andYamuna Khadar area of Baghpat districts (which are the traditional area of rice-wheat system) it isvery successful resource (labour, energy, fuel, water, seed, soil texture and structure) conservationtechnology for sustained productivity of wheat crop under rice-wheat system. A gradual increase inarea under zero tillage since 2001-02 has been noticed. Not only large and medium farmers butalso small and marginal farmers are now realizing the benefits of this technology and adopting it.Rate of adoption is comparatively higher in resource rich than that in resource poor farmers. Studyalso indicated that zero tillage technology is among very few technologies, which is acceptable toboth resource rich and poor farmers. So, it can be termed as a resource neutral technology. It wasalso observed that the comparatively young (30-45 years) farmers performed the role of innovatorand early adopter. The rate of adoption and extent of using this technology was correlated withlevel of education and it was found that educated farmers adopted technology fastly and eagerly.The farmers of sugarcane-wheat system have also shown their interest to know the possibilities ofintroducing zero tillage in wheat after sugarcane. It may be taken as next step, that how to use zerotillage in wheat following sugarcane as the western U.P is dominated by sugarcane cultivation.

Constraints in Adoption of Zero-tillage

At the start of the field demonstration on zero tillage technology in wheat during 2002, paucity oflocal manufacturer was the number one technical constraint followed by non-availability of qualitydrill. However, after successful demonstrations of the zero tillage technology, local manufacturersslipped down to constraint number three, indicating that local manufacturers have shown their interest

39

and started providing machines at locally. But high cost and quality seed drill are now the constraintnumber one and two (Table 2), respectively.

With regard to extension constraints, lack of extension literature and inadequate trained manpowerfrom state extension agencies and poor knowledge to extension agencies were the three top mostconstraints in descending order. But now lack of extension literature has come down to constraintnumber three indicating that sufficient literatures on zero tillage technology are available amongthe farming community. On the other hand, inadequate trained manpower from extension agenciesand their knowledge about zero tillage technology are the number one and two extension constraints.

Table 2. Technical, extension and financial constraints in adoption of zero tillage techniquein wheat

% Rank

2002 2004 2002 2004

Technical constraintsNon-availability of quality drill 83.64 79.75 II ILack of appropriate management for loose straw 43.64 56.54 X IVHigh cost of drill 70.91 72.10 III IILack of local manufactures 85.45 71.11 I IIIStanding (anchored) stubbles 62.73 46.91 V VIInappropriate moisture at sowing 63.64 52.84 IV VMore population of weeds at the time of drilling 47.27 45.43 VIII VIIIncreased problem of yellow stem borers 42.73 36.30 XI XIHardening of upper soil 54.55 39.26 VII IXLate harvesting 60.91 39.01 VI XToo early harvesting of rice 45.45 41.73 IX VIIIStraw burning 41.82 34.32 XII XIIExtension constraintsLack of adequate trained manpower from state 67.27 69.88 II Iextension agenciesLack of extension literature 68.18 65.68 I IIILack of attention of mass media 64.55 63.70 IV IVLack of knowledge of extension agencies 66.36 66.67 III IIInadequate extension facility at the disposal 60.00 61.23 VI Vof input agenciesLack of fellow farmers' co-operation 62.73 46.17 V VIFinancial constraintsNo subsidy on machine 78.02 78.02 I ILack of credit facilities 71.60 71.60 II IILack of money to buy new machine 70.62 70.62 III IIILack of money to buy other allied inputs 67.41 67.41 IV IV

No significant change in the constraints related to finance has been noticed. Lack of subsidy onfarm machineries was the number one financial constraint and still it occupies the same place.

40

Studies on Role and Accessibility of Different Agencies in Disseminating Zero-tillTechnology for Rice-wheat Cropping System

A. K. Singh, Surendar Kumar and S. K. SharmaProject Directorate for Cropping Systems Research, Modipuram, Meerut-250 110

ABSTRACTA study was undertaken to find out the role of different agencies in dissemination of zero tillage in wheat after rice.A sample of 100 farmers, 50 each of programme and non-programme farmers were selected randomly as respondentsin Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur and Baghpat districts of western U. P. On-farm trials were found to be themost appropriate way for disseminating the zero tillage in wheat amongst the programme farmers. However, inputagencies were more effective in case of non-programme farmers. Reciprocal colleagues were identified as the nextmost important source of technology dissemination.

INTRODUCTION

Rice-wheat is the major cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains. These two component cropsare grown in rotation in about 10 million hectares of land. Though the productivity of rice and wheatare increasing but pressure on resources specially land and water is also increasing day by day.There is great concern about reduction in soil fertility, declining water table, increasing salinity andpollution due to use of harmful chemicals. In order to mitigate these problems, it is essential toadopt technically feasible and economically viable and ecologically permissible technology, whichameliorates late planting, reduces weed problem and improves fertilizer and water use efficiency.Resource conservation technologies particularly zero tillage technology (ZT) in rice-wheat systemis an emerging technique to this endeavour. Many government and non-government agencies areengaged in popularizing the zero-till technology through different extension methods like massmedia, training, on-farm trials, etc. In India, despite the fact that a broad network of governmentand non-government organizations and agencies are entrusted with transfer of technologyprogramme, there exists a significant adoption gap at field level, which results in notable yield gapat the farm level. As far as the role of different agencies involved in technology dissemination isconcerned, their credibility, acceptability and accessibility influence extent of adoption. Presentinvestigation has been taken up in order to study the role and acceptability of various sourcesinvolved in technologies dissemination.


This study was conducted in Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Baghpat and Saharanpur districts of WesternU. P. comprising two categories of farmers who follow the rice-wheat system. A sample of 100farmers practising rice-wheat system (50 from each category i.e. Programme and Non-Programme)were selected at random, as respondents for the study. The respondents were asked to indicate thesources (different agencies) involved in technology dissemination they preferred and / or availableto them for getting technical information and advice about improved practices including zero tillagein wheat under rice-wheat cropping system. Five technological components related to zero tillagetechnique, namely, MO–Machine operation, TS–Time of sowing, CWC–Chemical weed control, RM–Residue management and AM–Availability of machine were taken. The information sources weredivided into six groups such as : (1) Government agencies (different government extensionpersonnel), (2) input dealers, (3) reciprocal colleagues (neighbours, friends, relatives and otherfellow farmers), (4) on-farm trial, (5) training and (6) mass media (radio and television).

41


Experimental results presented in Tables 1 and 2 indicate that on-farm trials played an importantrole in disseminating the zero tillage technology amongst the programme farmers, while on-farmtrials failed to show such impact among non-programme farmers. These findings are in closeconformity with findings of Wasnik et al. (2003). Input dealers played much more significant role indisseminating the zero tillage technology amongst the non-programme farmers in comparison topragramme farmers.

Table 1. Role of information source in dissemination of ZT technology in wheat (programmefarmers)

S. Agencies/technological MO TS CWC RM AM Average RanksNo. components (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

1. Government agencies 10 6 12 - 12 8 IV

2. Input dealers/agencies 32 5 36 9 18 20 II

3. Reciprocal colleagues 14 17 4 7 8 10 III

4. On-farm trial 3 68 42 72 62 55.2 I

5. Training 7 4 6 5 - 4.4 V

6. Mass media 5 - - 7 - 2.4 VI

Table 2. Role of information sources in dissemination of zero tillage technology (non-programme farmers)

S. Agencies/technological MO TS CWC RM AM Average RanksNo. components (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

1. Government agencies 10 6 12 - 12 8 IV

1. Government agencies 13 11 7 6 8 9 IV

2. Agriculture Input dealers/agencies 51 14 43 6 42 31.2 I

3. Reciprocal colleagues 9 8 6 11 41 15 III

4. On-farm trial 6 42 29 24 9 22 II

5. Training 5 7 - 9 - 4.2 V

6. Mass media 4 - 3 4 - 2.1 VI

MO–Machine operation, TS–Time of sowing, CWC–Chemical weed control, RM–Residue management, AM–Availability of machine.

The results also revealed that the reciprocal colleagues and relatives also played some definiterole in technology dissemination. Other sources, viz. mass media, training, etc. also had same roleto play in dissemination of zero tillage. Kamalakannan (2003) reported that mass media was moreeffective for dissemination of technology. The findings of the study are quite interesting andmeaningful in relation to dissemination of technology at farmer’s level. The results further revealedthat the on-farm trials/demonstrations were very effective in technology dissemination when there

42

was a government-supported scheme backed by financial help, input supply and technologicalassistance. Besides, when the government agencies are specific and target-oriented as in case ofthe programme farmers, their communication ability proves to be more effective. Whereas the privateand non-government agencies like the input dealers are more accessible and acceptable to thefarmers belonging to non-programme category. Input dealers are more interactive and friendly withthe farmers. Naturally their advices are greatly accepted by the farmers. Their credibility andacceptability are remarkable because of their non-formal, non-bureaucratic attitude towards thefarmers.

For speedy and all round development of agricultural sector, an appropriate, effective and efficientsystem is urgently required to disseminate various improved technologies in shortest possible time.Keeping the importance of speedy technology dissemination the planners, extensionists shouldconsider the farmers’ preferences as well as their perception about credibility of different sourcesof technology dissemination. To achieve this the government agencies need to plan, conduct on-farm trails on problem specific technologies in farmer’s field with farmer’s participation. They mayact in term of a more friendly with the largest group as the input agencies do. This will improve theiracceptability, credibility and accessibility as well as the rate of technology adoption among thefarmers.

REFERENCES

Kamalakannan, T., H. Phillip, R. Netaji Seetharaman, 2003. Content analysis of selected mass media in disseminationof farm technology. National Seminar of Responding to Changes and Challenges – New Roles of AgricultureExtension, Feb. 7-9 : 113, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, Maharashtra. pp. 1-14.

Wasnik, S.M., H. L. Gajhiye, C. D. Mayee and R. T. Koatole, 2003. Analysis of influence of cotton front linedemonstration in dissemination of cotton production technology. National Seminar of Responding to Changesand Challenges – New Roles of Agriculture Extension, Feb. 7-9 : 113, College of Agriculture, Nagpur,Maharashtra.

43

Studies on Role of Knowledge and Attitude for the Transfer of Zero TillageTechnology under the Punjab Conditions

Avtar Singh, Harpreet Kaur Virk and S. S. BrarDepartment of Agronomy and AgrometeorologyPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004

ABSTRACT

Studies were conducted to find out the role of knowledge and attitude for the dissemination of zero tillage technologyunder the Punjab conditions. Results revealed that response of adopters and non-adopters was different towardsmany questions, but about the advantages of zero tillage such as high profitability, money, water and fuel savingand crop does not turn yellow after first irrigation in zero tillage were recognized by the adopters, whereas the non-adopters only recognized the advantages in money and fuel saving. The majority of the respondents among theadopters were agreed that the yield in zero tillage field was higher than in conventional tillage. Most of the adopterswere agreed that the zero till drill increased the yield. Under zero tillage wheat was sown one day before theconventional tillage. Standing stubbles of 1.5' are not a problem, earlier germination (1 or 2 days) under zerotillage, phosphorus application at right depth with zero till drill, placement of seed in most fertile zone with zero tilldrill, better vigour under zero tillage, reduced Phalaris minor population under zero tillage and about the otherbenefits of the zero tillage, there was general consensus. This study proved that it was the only technology, whichwas acceptable to all categories of the farmers i.e. small, medium and large farmers.

INTRODUCTION

Rice-wheat is one of the pre-dominant and economical cropping systems of northern India as wellas South Asia. In this system, wheat is planted with traditional method by giving 4-6 tillage operationsfor the preparation of fine seed-bed. The tillage operations are only raising the cost of productionbut they have no benefits for increasing the grain yield of wheat. From the last four years, thefarmers are adopting the zero tillage for planting wheat being a technology for reducing the cost ofproduction (Dhaliwal, 2003), tillage operations, saving fuel (Yaduraju and Mishra, 2002), water,energy, time reduce the weed population i.e. Phalaris minor, timely planting of crop (Sen et al.,2002) and reduces the wear and tear of tractor (Yadav et al., 2002). However, knowledge andattitude play significant role for the rapid transfer of any technology after its introduction Keepingin view the importance of the above factors, the present investigation was undertaken to see theknowledge and attitude of the adopters and non-adopters towards zero tillage technology under thePunjab conditions.


The study was conducted in randomly selected villages of all the districts of Punjab during 2003.The data were collected from the 54 adopters and 17 non-adopters of zero tillage on the basis ofthe set of questionnaires through the Personal Interview Technique. The questionnaire comprisedthe questions related to wheat cultivation, socio-economic, cultural and technological backgroundof the respondents for this study. The response of respondents in relation to knowledge and attitudewas observed on a five points scale, viz. strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and stronglydisagree with the concerned statements. The attitude and knowledge of the adopters and non-adopters of zero tillage were calculated in percentage of respondents with respect to each statementon the basis of strongly agree and agree points.

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Attitude

The responses of adopters and non-adopters on the questions related to attitude are summarizedin Table 1. It is evident from the table that the response of adopters and non-adopters was differenttowards many questions, but about the advantages of zero tillage such as high profitability, money,water and fuel saving and crop do not turn yellow after first irrigation in zero tillage were recognizedby the adopters, whereas the non-adopters only recognized the advantages in money and fuelsaving. The adopters about 96% were agreed to higher profitability in zero tillage. However, non-

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Table 1. Attitude of adopters and non-adopters regarding zero tillage


(SA+A) (SA+A)

1. Zero tillage is a highly profitable technology. 96.3 47.02. I would not advise anyone to adopt zero tillage. – –3. Zero tillage increases yield from wheat . 64.8 23.54. Zero tillage does not increase yield from wheat at all. 18.5 5.95. I earned a lot of money for myself and my family due to 83.5 5.9

adoption of zero tillage.6. Govt. is simply wasting money on popularizing zero technology. – –7. Zero tillage technology is a risky proposition. 1.9 –8. I would suggest that Govt. should strongly promote zero tillage. 94.4 47.09. Zero tillage will never be successful in our state. 1.9 –

10. I feel all the farmers should adopt zero tillage technology. 85.1 29.411. Zero tillage saves diesel. 100.0 64.712. Zero tillage does not save diesel–it is just a myth. 57.4 64.713. Zero tillage saves money. 100.0 64.714. Zero tillage does not saves money–it is just a myth. 57.4 64.715. Zero tillage saves water in first irrigation. 94.4 41.216. Zero tillage saves water in the subsequent irrigation. 44.5 5.917. The crop turns yellow after first irrigation in conventional tillage. 100.0 64.718. The crop does not turn yellow after irrigation in zero tillage. 96.3 31.319. Zero tillage technology is very simple and does not require 94.5 29.4

any special skill.

SA–Strongly agree; A–Agree.

Table 1a. Attitude of adopters and non-adopters towards zero tillage


Adopters 63.7 67.4 66.9 66.3

Non-adopters 60.1 62.1 65.0 61.6

t-value 1.99 2.27 0.45 3.22

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adopters about 47% were agreed to this advantage of the zero tillage technology. All the adopterswere agreed for saving of money and diesel due to zero tillage. However, non-adopters 64.7% wereagreed for these important merits of this technology. The adopters and non-adopters were agreedwith the increase in yield, earned money for himself and family, govt. should promote the zerotillage, farmers should adopt zero tillage, saving water in first irrigation, yellowing after first irrigationand technology is very simple and easy to handle which were agreed 64.8, 83.5, 94.4, 85.1, 94.4,96.3 & 94.5 and 23.5, 5.9, 47.0, 29.4, 41.2, 31.3 and 29.4 per cent, respectively. Majority of therespondents agreed that all the farmers should adopt this technology and government should investmore in popularizing zero tillage. The similar results were reported by Singh et al. (2002).

The mean attitude scores of adopters and non-adopters presented in Table 1a revealed that attitudeof respondents in the study area was also the same of the adopters and non-adopters. It was 61.6and 66.3 in case of non-adopters and adopters, respectively. Among different farm size categories,it ranged from 60.1 to 65.0 among non-adopters and 63.7 to 66.9 among adopters. This studyindicated that attitude of the small farmers towards zero tillage was similar as medium and largefarmers. It is further evident from the Table 1a that adopters had significantly higher attitude towardszero tillage as compared to non-adopters.

Knowledge

It is evident from Table 2 that the adopters have more knowledge of beneficial effects of zero tillage.The respondents 66.7% among the adopters were agreed that the yield in zero tillage field washigher than in conventional tillage. However, the non-adopters only 5.9% were agreed with thebeneficial attribute of zero tillage. Most of the adopters were agreed that the zero till drill increasedthe yield, under zero tillage wheat was sown one day before the conventional tillage. Standingstubbles of 1.5' are not a problem, earlier germination (1 or 2 days) under zero tillage, phosphorusapplication at right depth with zero till drill, placement of seed in most fertile zone with zero till drill,better vigour under zero tillage, reduced Phalaris minor population under zero tillage and about theother benefits of the zero tillage are mentioned in Table 2.

The data in Table 2a reveal the average knowledge of sources on the different farm sizes of adoptersand non-adopters. Results revealed that adopters of zero tillage attained the higher score ofknowledge (88.6) than the non-adopters of zero tillage (75.2). The differences in the attainablescore of the adopters and no-adopters were observed significant at 0.05% level of probability. Thedifferent categories of farm size, small, medium and large farmers almost have the same level ofknowledge among the adopters and non-adopters of zero tillage technology. It is evident that all thecategories of farm size, small, medium and large farmers are equally realizing the benefits andadopting it as same as medium and large farmers. This indicated that an area (5 lakhs acre) underthis technology during 2003-04, has been increased five times more than the area of 2002-03 (1lakhs acre) probably due to the adoption of the technology by all types of farmers in Punjab. Thisstudy also proved that it was the only technology, which was acceptable to all categories of thefarmers i.e. small, medium and large farmers.

Table 2. Knowledge of adopters and non-adopters regarding zero tillage


(SA+A) (SA+A)

1. Zero tillage technology means a new machine that will 81.5 17.6increase the yield.

2. Ideal moisture condition for sowing with zero tillage is a day 96.3 47.1before field normally comes under working condition.

3. Standing (anchored ) stubbles of rice upto 1.5’ is not a problem. 79.7 23.54. Emergence of wheat under zero tillage is 1 or 2 days earlier 72.3 17.6

than conventional tillage.5. The phosphorus is placed at right depth in the soil with 72.2 29.4

zero tillage drill.6. The seed is placed in the most fertile zone of the soil. 79.6 29.47. The crop vigour is better than conventional tillage. 92.6 41.28. Phalaris population is less in zero tillage than in CT. 87.0 41.29. Use of post-emergence herbicides is necessary in ZT. 100.0 47.1

10. The saving of at least Rs. 1000 is possible by using ZT. 98.1 52.911. The crop does not remain yellow after first irrigation. 98.2 41.212. The water does not remain stagnant in zero tillage after 100.0 29.4

first irrigation.13. The diesel saving is in the range of 20-25 l/acre. 100.0 64.714. Zero tillage is successful only in heavy soils. 37.0 5.915. Zero tillage is also successful in relative light soils. 53.7 11.816. The lodging is not a problem in zero tillage. 75.9 47.117. Insect population specially yellow stem borer does not 61.1 23.5

increase in rice after wheat using zero tillage technology.18. The population of rats does not increase if we use zero tillage. 64.8 23.519. The population of termite does not increase if we use zero tillage. 70.4 23.520. The yield in zero tillage field is more than in conventional tillage. 66.7 5.921. The yield in zero tillage field is the same as in CT. 25.9 11.822. The yield in zero tillage field is less than that in CT. 1.9 -23. There is definitely saving in labour if one uses zero tillage technology. 98.2 47.1

SA–Strongly agree; A–Agree.

Table 2a. Knowledge of adopters and non-adopters regarding zero tillage


Adopters 86.6 89.4 89.4 88.6

Non-adopters 73.0 76.3 79.0 75.2

t-value 1.75 3.94 1.44 5.75

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REFERENCES

Dhaliwal, H. S., 2003. Research report on socio-economic impact of zero tillage in Punjab state. Department ofEconomics and Sociology, PAU, Ludhaina.

Sen Avijit, S. N. Sharma, R. K. Singh and M. D. Pandey, 2002. Effect of different tillage systems on the performanceof wheat. Proceedings of International Workshop on Herbicides Resistance Management and Zero Tillagein Rice-Wheat Cropping System held on 4-6 March, 2002 at CCSHAU, Hisar, pp. 115-116.

Singh, A. K., S. K. Sharma, S. P. S. Yadav and Saurab Sharma, 2002. Zero tillage technology for wheat cultivation.Extension Bulletin 1, PDCSR, Modipuram 1-8.

Yadav, D. S., Achal Ram Sushant and Birendra Kumar, 2002. Performance of wheat under zero tillage in rice-wheatcropping system under Eastern U. P. conditions. Proceedings of International Workshop on HerbicideResistance Management and Zero-Tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System held on 4-6 March at CCSHAU,Hisar. pp. 23-26.

Yaduraju, N. T. and J. S. Mishra, 2002. Zero tillage in rice-wheat cropping system on vertisols in Madhya Pradesh– Prospects and problems. Proceedings of International Workshop on Herbicide Resistance Managementand Zero-Tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System held on 4-6 March at CCSHAU, Hisar. pp. 117-119.

Studies on Source of Information and Constraints for the Adoption of Zero TillageTechnology among the Adopters and Non-adopters under the Punjab Conditions

Avtar Singh, Harpreet Kaur Virk and S. S. BrarDepartment of Agronomy and AgrometeorologyPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004

ABSTRACT

The studies were conducted on source of information and constraints for the adoption of zero tillage technology.Results revealed that under the mass media, the television, newspaper, kisan melas and field days while amongthe non-institutional sources such as family members, relatives, friends and neighbours are the most preferredsources of information to the adopters and non-adopters. However, among the institutional sources, the maximuminformation regarding the zero tillage to the adopters provided by the University scientists followed by extensionworkers, whereas the non-adopters are getting the maximum information from the ADO(s) followed by the Universityscientists. However, the adopters faced the few technical constraints such as lack of appropriate loose strawmanagement, inappropriate moisture at sowing, straw burning and non-availability of quality drill. Financial constraintas no subsidy on machine was considered more by the adopters than the non-adopters. The extension constraintssuch as lack of adequate manpower from extension agencies and inadequate extension facility at the disposal ofinput agencies were felt more by the adopters as compared to non-adopters.

INTRODUCTION

Rice-wheat cropping system becomes less profitable probably due to the increase in cost ofproduction, by decreasing soil fertility, depletion of underground water and high input prices. Theresearch and on-farm trials conducted on zero tillage technology were found successful for plantingof wheat to reduce the cost of production, saving of fuel (Yaduraju and Mishra, 2003), water, energy,time, facilitating the timely planting to obtain the higher yield or sustain the yield (Brar et al., 2002;Sen et al., 2002). The adoption of any technology, source of information, economic condition offarmers, availability of infrastructure are the important factors. Therefore, keeping in view thesignificance of aforesaid factors, the present investigation was undertaken to assess the role ofmass media, institution and non-institution for the adoption of zero tillage technology for the plantingof wheat under the Punjab conditions.


The study was conducted in randomly selected villages of all the districts of Punjab during 2003.The data were collected from the 54 adopters and 17 non-adopters of zero tillage on the basis ofthe set of questionnaires through the Personal Interview Technique. The questionnaire consistedof the questions regarding mass media, institutions and non-institutions to provide the informationto the respondents. The response of respondents in relation to mass media, institutions and non-institutions was recorded on a four points scale, viz. most often, often, sometimes and never withthe concerned statements. The response with respect to constraints of the adopters and non-adopterswas observed on five points scale, viz. Most serious, very serious, serious, not so serious and notserious. The response of the farmers to source of information and constraints was calculated inpercentage of respondents with respect to each statement on the basis of most often, often andmost serious, very serious and serious, respectively.

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Source of Information

Studied the role of source of information like mass media, institutions and non-institutions andfound that these sources played significant role in the adoption of zero tillage technology in Punjab.Table 1 envisages the sources of information and their usage by adopters and non-adopters. It isevident from the table that mass media, institutions and non-institutions play an important role inadoption of zero tillage technology under the Punjab conditions. Under the mass media, thetelevision, newspaper, kisan melas and field days while among the non-institutional sources suchas family members, relatives, friends and neighbours are the most preferred sources of informationto the adopters and non-adopters. However, among the institutional sources, the maximuminformation regarding the zero tillage to the adopters provided by the University scientists followedby extension workers, whereas the non-adopters are getting the maximum information from theADO(s) followed by the University scientists.

NGOs and private organizations among the institutional sources were provided the least informationto the adopters about the zero tillage but these sources did not provide any information to the

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Table 1. Sources of information and their usage by adopters and non-adopters of zero tillage

Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)(MO+O) (MO+O)

A. Mass mediaRadio 18.5 41.1Television 62.9 88.2Educational film show 3.8 5.9Farm publications 31.5 5.9Pamphlets 16.7 5.9Exhibition 20.4 17.7News papers 56.4 70.6Kisan mela/Farm darshan 55.6 35.3Field days 44.5 29.4B. InstitutionsADO 40.8 58.9University scientists 79.6 47.1Extension workers 51.9 35.3Panchayat personnel 24.1 5.9NGOs 5.6 0.0Private organizations 20.4 0.0C. Non-institutionsFamily members 51.9 82.4Relatives 42.6 82.4Friends and neighbours 48.1 82.4Village/Opinion leader 29.6 76.5Chaupal meetings 26.0 76.5

MO–Most often, O–Often.

Table 2. Constraint analysis of zero tillage

Technical constraints Adopters (%) Non-adopters (%)(MS+VS+S) (MS+VS+S)

Technical constraints1. Non availability of quality drill 66.7 88.22. Lack of appropriate loose straw management 92.6 100.03. High cost of drill 27.8 64.84. Lack of local manufacturer facility 31.6 70.65. Standing (anchored) stubbles 24.1 58.96. Appropriate moisture at sowing 92.6 88.27. More population of weeds at the time of drilling 11.1 –8. Increased problem of yellow stem borers 9.3 –9. Hardening of upper soil 7.4 –

10. Late harvesting of rice – –11. Too early harvesting of rice 1.9 17.612. Straw burning 88.9 94.1Extension constraints1. Lack of adequate manpower from state extension agencies 42.6 29.42. Lack of extension literature 31.5 29.43. Lack of attention of mass media 18.5 29.44. Lack of knowledge of extension agencies 24.1 29.45. Inadequate extension facility at the disposal of input agencies 38.9 29.46. Lack of fellow farmers co-operation 26.0 23.5

Financial constraints1. No subsidy on machine 61.2 76.42. Lack of credit facilities 22.2 29.43. Lack of money to buy new machines 16.7 17.64. Lack of money to buy other inputs 14.4 5.9

MS–Most serious, VS–Very serious, S–Serious.

Table 2a. Constraint analysis of zero tillage


Technical constraintsAdopters 27.4 23.3 23.9 24.6Non-adopters 25.6 28.0 22.0 26.3t-value 0.72 0.31 0.52 0.97Extension constraintsAdopters 12.0 8.9 10.1 10.2Non-adopters 9.1 9.1 6.0 9.4t-value 0.38 0.08 1.2 0.57Financial constraintsAdopters 9.9 7.6 6.2 7.6Non-adopters 9.0 6.8 4.0 7.4t-value 0.18 0.48 1.00 0.23

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adopters. It is observed that non-adopters are more dependent upon non-institutional sources toget the information especially from family members, relatives and friends and neighbours.

Constraint Analysis

The data presented in Table 2 reveal about the technical, extension and financial constraintsobserved by both adopters and non-adopters during the study area. It is clear from the table thatthe technical constraints in adoption of zero tillage were observed more important by the non-adopters. However, the adopters faced the few technical constraints such as lack of appropriateloose straw management (92.6), appropriate moisture at sowing (92.6), straw burning (88.9) andnon-availability of quality drill (66.7).

Financial constraint as no subsidy on machine was considered more by the adopters (76.4) thanthe non-adopters (61.2).

The extension constraints such as lack of adequate manpower from extension agencies andinadequate extension facility at the disposal of input agencies were felt more by the adopters ascompared to non-adopters. Non-adopters considered the technical constraints more important likelack of appropriate loose straw management (100), straw burning (94.1), non-availability of qualitydrill (88.2), appropriate moisture at sowing (88.2), high cost of drill (64.8) and standing (anchored)stubbles (58.9), etc. Both the categories felt the constraints about the absence of subsidy on zerotill drill but the farmers always want subsidy as an incentive for the adoption of zero tillage technology.

The data constraint analysis of zero tillage have been presented in Table 2a. The results revealedthat adopters and non-adopters differed statistically in respect to technical constraints. All thecategories of farm size had significant differences for technical, extension and financial constraints.However, the medium category of farmers among the adopters faced significantly less constrainedby the technical and extension factors than the non-adopters. Whereas small and large size farmersamong the adopters considered significantly higher constrained by the technical, extension factorsbut all the categories of farm size among the adopters observed significantly more constrained withfinancial factor as compared to non-adopters.

REFERENCESBrar, S. S., Sanjeev Kumar, D. S. Kler and Rajinder Pal, 2002. No tillage research and its adoption in Punjab.

Extended Summaries Vol. 2. 2nd International Agronomy Congress, Nov. 26-30, New Delhi, India.

Sen, Avijit, S. N. Sharma, R. K. Singh and M. D. Pandey, 2002. Effect of different tillage systems on the performanceof wheat. Proceedings of International Workshop on Herbicides Resistance Management and Zero Tillagein Rice-Wheat Cropping System held on 4-6 March, 2002 at CCSHAU, Hisar. pp. 115-116.

Yaduraju, N. T. and J. S. Mishra, 2002. Zero tillage in rice-wheat cropping system on vertisols in Madhya Pradesh–Prospects and Problems. Proceedings of International Workshop on Herbicide Resistance Managementand Zero-tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System held on 4-6 March at CCSHAU, Hisar. pp. 117-119.

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Multidimensional Impact Assessment of Zero Tillage Technology

Randhir Singh and Sunil KumarDirectorate of Wheat Research, Karnal

INTRODUCTION

Wheat is the dominant grain of world commerce. It is a dietary mainstay of millions of people. Theglobal significance of wheat could simply be realized in the way that more foods are made withwheat than any other cereal. Wheat contributes between 10-20 per cent of the daily calorie intakein people over 60 countries (Gautam 2003).

Presently, India is the second largest wheat producing country in the world after China contributing12 per cent of the total global wheat. One of the most productive agricultural regions of the world isthe IGP of the sub-continent. This is the home of the rice-wheat systems that occupies 24 millionha of cultivated land in the Asian sub-tropics. In South Asia, these systems occupy 13.5 million ha(10 million ha in India, 2.2 million ha in Pakistan, 0.8 million ha in Bangladesh and 0.5 ha in Nepal)(Ladha et al., 2000).

The country is producing more than seven million tonnes of wheat in about 27 million ha area withproductivity of about 2.7 tonnes per ha. By the year 2020 AD population of India will be around 1.3billion. Assuming a 20% more per capita availability of food grain than that of today, due to betterstandard of living and increased demand by processing industries, wheat production has to bearound 109 million tonnes by 2020 (Vision 2020 DWR). Therefore, current production needs to beincreased to about 3.5 million tonnes by the year 2020 through increased productivity becausethere is little possibility of further increase in the area under wheat production.

Though there is sufficient wheat in the reserve, there is need to reduce the cost of wheat production.In this changing scenario, the agricultural scientists have developed new resource conservationtechnologies for wheat production. Awareness about these technologies has been continuouslyincreasing. By adopting these technologies, the cost of production can be reduced leading toincreased income of the farmers and make Indian wheat more competitive in the global market. Toincrease wheat production, integration of improved wheat varieties and resource conservationtechnologies, particularly zero tillage is a must. One of the transformations that is taking place inthe cultivation of wheat in rice wheat cropping system is the evolution of zero tillage technology andthere is a paradigm shift from conventional to zero tillage (Malik et al., 2000). The adoption of zerotillage has spread from 120 ha (1997) to 1200 ha (1998) to 12,000 ha (1999) (Hobbs et al., 2000) toone million ha in 2004.

Traditionally, just 10 years ago, the tillage practice for wheat showed that there were over six plowingswith the country plow behind the bullock and over 12 laddering (plankings to level the soil) (Saunders,1990; Meisner, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2001). By definition, zero tillage seeding is a one pass operationwhich places seed and fertilizer into an undisturbed seed-bed, packs the furrow and retains adequatesurface residues to prevent soil erosion.

In Latin America, the Development Cooperation has achieved impressive results as a methodcombating soil degradation introducing zero tillage management, especially direct planting. Thepotential benefit of zero tillage is in terms of gains in yield, fuel saving and labour saving has alsobeen reported by Mehla et al. (2000). The additional benefits from adopting ZT are earlier planting,

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greater efficiency and less maintenance costs of machinery, more time for management decisionsand technical upgrading, less dusty and muddy work environment, more time for family, less stressand greater satisfaction derived from caring for the environment. Gentil (1995) reported reductionsin diesel fuel of 50 to 70% or more and proportional reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Zerotil lage per se has a major impact in reducing carbon dioxide emissions when compared toconventional tillage, by immobilizing carbon in incremental soil organic matter and surface residues(Derpsch, 1998). Zero tillage seeding offers the benefits of surface residues and reduces soil waterlosses, improves soil condition over time, availability of organic nitrogen is higher in long term zerotillage seeded fields, protects young seedlings from heat and wind stress during early growth stages.Standing stubble residues wind speed at ground level and reflect rather than absorb heat (Thomaset al., 1996).The potential benefits of this technology may be attractive, but unless the farmers canobtain a suitable priced drill, the benefits will remain hypothetical (Aslam et al., 1993).

The intensity of Phalaris minor was less by 30-40% in zero tillage as compared to conventionaltillage, whereas the intensity of broad leaf weeds increased due to zero tillage practice. The cropyield was 4.9% higher in zero tillage compared to conventional sowing (Singh et al., 2002). Nodefinite trend of broad leaf weeds, Malwa parviflora and Rumex retroflex were found to increase inthe rice-wheat system in general and particularly under ZT at one location (Yadav et al., 2002).

Experiments conducted at research farms at Punjab and Haryana failed to show any advantage ofzero tillage (Sur and Parihar, 1989; Gajri et al., 1992; Faroda, 1992). During the first two years(1996 and 1997) almost everyone was scary of zero tillage, however, the further refinement inmachinery led to better results and the collective efforts made by the State Department of Agriculture,SAUs and ICAR institutes made it a success story in all parts of the country.

METHODOLOGY

The field survey was conducted to evaluate the impact of zero tillage technology on yield and otherparameters. The survey was undertaken only on zero tillage as other technologies either in wheator paddy are yet to be adopted by the farmers as revealed in the preliminary survey. 100 farmersfrom Gonder, Bhaini Khurd, Kacchwa, Pundrak, Jundla, Sultanpur, Gorgarh, Bastali, Brass, Dabri,Pakhana, Shonkra, Manjura, Janeshro, Hathlana, Northa, Jalmana villages of Karnal district wereselected for the purpose. The responses were recorded in a pre-designed interview schedule. Theimpact was also assessed in the adopted sites in all the four villages, namely, Darar, Kurali, Newaland Barota in Karnal district.


Most of the farmers were middle aged (60%) with almost an equal percentage in the young andmiddle age in the adopter category. Whereas in non-adopter category, half of the farmers weremiddle aged followed by old (28%) and young (12%). The findings have shown that literacy levelamong both the categories of the farmers was high, however, in-depth analysis of the adoptercategory has indicated that most of them were educated upto high school; there were 18 per centwho had education upto graduation level or above. In the non-adopter category, the level of educationwas low compared to the adopter category as 90% of them had their education upto matric orprimary. From an extensionist’s point of view, the level of literacy was satisfactory and the farmerscould follow the semi-technical language, therefore, the print material can be used to make thefarmers aware of latest technologies. About 90 per cent of the farmers in both the categoriesbelonged to general caste category followed by backward caste. There was only one scheduled

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caste farmer in the adopter category. All the farmers had agriculture as their main occupation inboth the categories. There were a few who had labour (11%), service (7%) and business (2%) astheir secondary occupation in the adopter category, whereas in the non-adopter category, therewere 13 per cent labourers. A trend was observed that those who had comparatively small holdingswere having other subsidiary occupations to support their family. Majority of the farmers werehaving more than 10 years experience in agriculture and it was the main occupation of both thecategories. The average experience in agriculture was more than 22 years in both the categories.In the adopter category, a little more than half (54%) of the farmers had joint families, while the restwere living in nuclear family; however, the non-adopters were equally distributed in the nuclear andjoint families. The nuclear family trend prevalent in urban areas is picking up in the rural areas toobecause the young generation is more inclined towards independent living.

Interaction with Fellow Farmers, Scientists, Agriculture Officials, Input Agencies and NGOs

The interaction level was measured at six point continuum, assigned scores of 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1,respectively. Interaction of farmers with farmers of their own village, agricultural scientists andinput agencies/private organizations/NGOs has indicated low level of interaction and desired morein both the categories. There was comparatively good interaction with functionaries of the stateDepartment of Agriculture in the adopter category. Perhaps it was the main reason for zero tillagebeing adopted in almost all parts of Haryana. The interaction on non-adopters was low. They attendeda few trainings, field days, farmers’ days, demonstrations and occasionally made office calls toinput agencies/private organizations or NGOs.

Attitude towards ZT Technology

The adopters had favourable attitude towards zero tillage technology (Table 1) as compared totheir non-adopter counterparts. Even the non-adopters are convinced that the ZT technology is

Table 1. Attitude towards ZT technology

Statements MeanAdopters Non-Adopters

ZT is a highly profitable technology. 4.26 2.52I would not advise anyone to adopt ZT. 3.97 1.45ZT does not increase yield from wheat at all. 3.97 2.40I earned a lot of money for myself and my family due to adoption of ZT. 4.36 0.00Govt. is simply wasting money on popularizing ZT. 3.98 1.20ZT technology is a risky proposition. 4.03 1.25I would suggest that Govt. should strongly promote ZT. 4.27 1.35ZT will never be successful in our state. 3.96 2.01I feel all the farmers should adopt ZT technology. 4.37 1.36ZT does not save diesel – it is just myth. 4.02 2.12ZT saves money. 4.56 2.32ZT saves water in first irrigation. 4.26 1.54ZT saves water in the subsequent irrigations. 4.02 2.15The crop does not turn yellow after first irrigation in ZT. 4.22 3.30ZT technology is very simple and does not require any special skill. 4.36 3.25

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profitable, no special skill required to adopt and the crop doesn’t turn yellow after the first irrigation.The adopters feel like playing an advisor’s role as a disseminator of the technology.

The adopters feel that the government should promote Zero Tillage Technology (ZTT) as it savesdiesel, money and water not only in first irrigation but subsequent irrigations also. However, studieshave shown that there is less saving of water.

Knowledge about Zero Tillage Technology

The farmers had fairly good knowledge about zero tillage technology in the adopter category butpoor in the non-adopter category (Table 2). The adopters were aware of ideal moisture conditionrequired for zero tillage sowing, height of stubbles, utility in different kinds of soils, emergence ofwheat, seed placement, crop vigour, weed infestation, input saving, etc. Even the non- adoptersalso knew that the crop vigour was better, less Phalaris minor and labour and fuel saving in zerotillage compared to conventional. Still more efforts are needed to correct their misconceptions andthe development officials can play an important role in it.

Table 2. Knowledge about ZT technology

Statements Mean

Adopters Non-Adopters

Ideal moisture condition for sowing with ZT is a day before field normally comes 0.84 0.65under working condition.Standing (Anchored) stubbles of rice upto 1.5 inches is not a problem. 0.89 0.34Emergence of wheat under ZT is 1 to 2 days earlier than CT. 0.87 0.35The seed is placed in the most fertile zone of the soil. 0.89 0.25The crop vigour is better than CT. 0.88 0.80Phalaris minor population less in ZT than in CT. 0.83 0.65Use of post-emergence herbicides is necessary in ZT. 0.42 0.46The saving of at least Rs. 1000 is possible by using ZT. 0.85 0.21The crop does not remain yellow after first irrigation. 0.83 0.75The diesel saving is the range of 20-25 litres/acre. 0.84 0.62Zero-tillage is successful only in heavy soils. 0.80 0.12Zero-tillage is also successful in relative light soil. 0.85 0.23The lodging is not a problem in ZT. 0.60 0.45Insect population specially yellow stem borer does not increase in rice after 0.59 0.51wheat using ZT.The population of rats does not increase if we use ZT. 0.60 0.39The yield in ZT field is more than in CT. 0.66 0.34There is definitely saving in labour if one uses ZT. 0.83 0.69

Constraints in Adoption of Zero Tillage Technology

The constraints (Table 3) were measured on a five point continuum, viz. most serious, very serious,serious, not so serious and not serious having 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 scores, respectively. No technicalconstraints were viewed seriously by the farmers in the adopter category, however, there were fewextension constraints like lack of adequate manpower with the state Department of Agriculture and

56

input agencies. The farmers also mentioned lack of money to purchase new machines and inputs.Lack of appropriate loose straw management, high cost of drill, lack of money to buy machines andinputs, inadequate extension facilities were the serious constraints perceived by the non-adopters.

Table 3. Constraints in adoption of ZT technology

MeanAdopters Non-Adopters

Technical constraintsIdeal moisture condition for sowing with ZT is a day before 0.84 0.65

Non availability of quality drill 2.03 2.35

Lack of appropriate loose straw management 1.80 2.45

High cost of drill 2.32 2.59

Lack of local manufacturer facility 1.89 1.58

Standing (anchored) stubbles 1.54 2.31

Appropriate moisture at sowing 1.52 1.24

More population of weeds at the time of drilling 1.52 1.54

Increased problem of yellow stem borers 1.66 1.65

Hardening of upper soil 1.46 1.65

Late harvesting of rice 1.32 1.42

Too early harvesting of rice 1.48 1.45

Straw burning 1.34 1.56

Extension constraintsLack of adequate manpower from state extension agencies 2.93 2.51

Lack of extension literature 2.50 2.35

Lack of attention of mass media 2.16 2.10

Lack of knowledge of extension agencies 2.04 2.20

Inadequate extension facility at the disposal of input agencies 2.96 2.65

Lack of fellow farmers co-operation 2.10 1.95

Financial constraintsLack of credit facilities 2.09 2.29

Lack of money to buy new machine 3.21 3.85

Lack of money to buy other inputs 3.21 3.01

Satisfaction with Zero Tillage Technology

The level of satisfaction (Table 4) was measured on a five point continuum, viz. highly satisfied,satisfied, not satisfied, dissatisfied and highly dissatisfied and assigned scores of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1,respectively, for positive and reverse for negative statements.

57

Table 4. Level of satisfaction after adoption of ZT technology

Statements Mean

Achievement attained through zero-tillage 3.71Scope to prove merit for promotion of technology 4.26Technical feasibility of technology 4.38Ability to reduce stress of hard labour 4.48Appreciation by neighbour 4.21Saving in time 4.64Saving in energy 4.66Advantage of technology to women 3.49Status and prestige you enjoy from adoption of this technology 3.54Role of Institute/SAU in introduction of Zero-Tillage 2.87Role of State Department in transfer of zero-tillage technology 3.45Role of NGOs in transfer of zero-tillage technology 2.25Opportunities of using zero-tillage in wheat in the areas other than rice-wheat technology 3.86Cost saving you get 4.26Improvement in yield 3.84Interest of family women in adoption of zero-tillage 3.42Scope of advancement technology in the whole village 4.14Timeliness of sowing through zero-tillage 4.30Guidance from other villagers 4.00

The farmers exhibited satisfaction due to adoption of zero tillage technology. They were satisfiedwith saving in time, money, advantage of technology to women, status enjoyed, timeliness of sowingand yield, about role of institutes and SAUs in transferring of technology. They had little satisfactionabout role of NGOs in technology transfer.

Change Proneness

The adopters were more prone to change compared to the non-adopters (Table 5). Both thecategories, however, wanted to see the results of their neighbour before trying out a new practice.The non-adopters had faith in the traditional ways of doing agriculture but it can be altered throughpersuasive and educational means.

Decision Making on Farm Operations

In most of the farm operations like land preparation, seed sowing, fertilizer, irrigation, hoeing,weeding, plant protection, harvesting and threshing, marketing, purchase, borrowing, livestockpurchase and care, it was the husband who enjoyed decision making power, however, there wassome joint decision making of the couple in hoeing, harvesting, threshing, livestock care andpurchase in both the categories.

Involvement of School Children in Farm Operations

Seldom the children help their parents in land preparation, sowing, ridging, fertilizer application,irrigation, hoeing/weeding, plant protection, harvesting, threshing and marketing in both the adoptercategories.

58

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Area

(acre

)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-040

20

40

60

80

100

120

Area

(acr

e)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Area

(acr

e)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

0

10

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

Area

(acre)

2 0 0 0 - 0 1 2 0 0 1- 0 2 2 0 0 2 - 0 3 2 0 0 3 - 0 4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Area

(acre)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

0

500

1000

1500

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Fig. 1. Zero-tillage area in Karnal. Fig. 2. Zero-tillage area in Darar.

Fig. 3. Zero-tillage area in Kurali. Fig. 4. Zero-tillage area in Barota.

Fig. 5. Zero-tillage area in Newal. Fig. 6. Farmers covered to popularize technology.

Area (Figs. 1 to 5) and farmers covered (Fig. 6) under zero-tillage wheat increased significantlyfrom 2000-01 to 2003-04 at various sites in district Karnal (Haryana).

Impact in the Adopted Villages

The findings have shown that area under the zero tillage technology has increased in all the adoptedvillages. Increasing trend in area was also noticed in Karnal district indicating that the farmershave liking for the technology.

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Table 5. Change proneness

Change proneness Yes FrequencyAdopters Non-Adopters

I try to keep myself updated with information on new farming practices, 94 98but that does not mean that I try out all the new methods.

I feel restless till I try out a new farming practice I have heard about. 20 1

They talk of many new practices these days but who knows if 80 99they are better than old ones.

I am cautious about trying a new farming practice. 70 90

After all, our forefathers were right in their practices and I do not see any 25 98reason for changing these old methods.

Often new practices are not successful, however, if they are promising, 90 65I would surely adopt them.

From time to time I have heard about several new farming technologies/ 28 12practices and I have tried most of them in the last few years.

I usually want to see the results my neighbours obtained before 91 98I try out new practice.

Sometimes I believe that traditional ways of doing agriculture are the best. 10 70

CONCLUSION

The farmers have favourable attitude towards zero tillage technology, even the non-adopters areconvinced about the advantages. They have fairly good knowledge about zero tillage and are satisfiedwith its performance. They had low level of interaction with other agencies which need to be increasedparticularly the input agencies. The farmers are ready for a change but needs persuasive strategy.

REFERENCES

Aslam, M., A. Majid, N. I. Hashmi and P. R. Hobbs, 1993. Improving wheat yield in the rice wheat cropping systemof the Punjab through zero tillage. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 14 : 8-11.

Derpsch, R., 1998. Historical Review of No Tillage Cultivation of Crops. JIRCAS Working Report No. 13. pp.1-18.

Faroda, A. S., 1992. A decade of agronomic research in rce wheat ropping system in Haryana. Proc. Workshop onRice Wheat Cropping System,15-16 Oct, 1992, Modipuram. pp. 233-238.

Gentil, L. V., 1995. Aspectos Economicos do Plantio Directo. In : I Seminario Internacional do Sistema PlantioDirecto. Resumos. EMBRAPA-CNPT, Ponta Grossa, RS. Agosto. pp. 9-12.

Gajri, P. R., V. K. Arora and S. S. Prihar, 1992. Tillage management for efficient water and nitrogen managementin wheat following rice. Soil Tillage Res. 24 : 167-182.

Gautam, P. L., 2003. Wheat historical perspective. Souvenir 42nd All India Wheat and Barley Workers’ Meet, G. B.Pant Univ. of Agri. & Technology.

Hobbs, P. R., R. K. Gupta, J. K. Ladha and V. Balasubramanian, 2000. Crop establishment and management : newopportunities for enhancing rice-wheat systems productivity. Rice Wheat Consortium Paper Series 14 :112-125.

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Ladha, J. K., K. S. Fischer, M. Hossain, P. R. Hobbs and B. Hardy, 2000. Progress towards improving the productivityand sustainability of rice wheat systems : a contribution by the consortium members. IRRI DiscussionPaper No. 40.

Malik, R. K., R. S. Mehla and B. K. Singh, 2000. Conservation tillage technologies and farmers participatory research,extension approaches in Haryana – A case study. Rice Wheat Consortium Paper Series 14 : 112-125.

Mehla, R. S., J. K. Verma, R. K. Gupta and P. R. Hobbs, 2000. Stagnation in the productivity of wheat in the IndoGangetic plains : zero till seed-cum-fertilizer drill as an integrated solution. Rice Wheat Consortium PaperSeries 8.

Meisner, C. A., 1992. Report of on-farm survey of the Mymensingh region and Tangail : Wheat growers’ practices,perceptions and their implications. Monograph No. 9, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. WheatResearch Centre, Nashipur Dinajpur, September 1992.

Meisner, C. A., 1996. Report of on-farm survey of the Greater Comilla Region : Wheat growers’ practices, perceptionsand their implications. Monograph No. 13, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Wheat ResearchCentre, Nashipur Dinajpur, June 1996.

Meisner, C. A., 1999. Report of on-farm survey of the Greater Faridpur Region : Wheat growers’ practices, perceptionsand their implications. Monograph No. 14, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Wheat ResearchCentre, Nashipur Dinajpur, June 1999.

Meisner, C. A., 2001. Report of on-farm survey of the Greater Sylhet Region : Wheat growers’ practices, perceptionsand their implications. Monograph No. 16, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Wheat ResearchCentre, Nashipur Dinajpur, July 2001.

Saunders, D. A., 1990. Crop management reseach summary of results. Wheat Research Center Monograph 5,Nashirpur, Bangladesh, WRC.

Singh, Samar, A. Yadav, R. K. Malik and H. Singh, 2002. Long term effect of zero tillage sowing technique on weedflora and productivity of wheat in rice-wheat cropping zones of Indo Gangetic plains. In : Proceedings ofInternational Workshop “Herbicide Resistance Management and Zero Tillage in Rice-Wheat CroppingSystem” held at CCSHAU, Hisar.

Sur, H. S. and S. S. Prihar, 1989. Soil management in rice based cropping system in Punjab. In : AgrophysicsMonograph 1 : 37-44.

Thomas, G. A., G. B. Wildermuth, J. P. Thompson, J. Standley and F. P. C. Blamey, 1996. Factors limiting wheatyields under zero tillage in southern Queensland. In : Proceedings of 8th Australian Agronomy Conference,Toowoomba.

Yadav, A., R. K. Malik, R. S. Banga, Samar Singh, B. S. Chauhan, D. B. Yadav, Ram Murti and R. S. Malik, 2002.Long term effects of zero tillage on wheat in rice-wheat cropping system. In : Proceedings of InternationalWorkshop “Herbicide Resistance Management and Zero Tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System” held atCCSHAU, Hisar.

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Socio-economic Audit of ZT Wheat in Bihar

Ujjwal Kumar, U. S. Gautam, S. S. Singh and Kartikey SinghICAR Research Complex for ER, Patna

Rice-wheat is the main cropping system of Bihar. Out of total cropped area of Bihar (80.26 lakh ha),area under rice and wheat in Bihar is 5.07 and 2.13 m ha, respectively. The average yield of rice inBihar is 14.27 q/ha. Similarly, the yield of wheat is 21.68 q/ha. Late transplanting of rice and latesowing of wheat result in poor yield of both the crops. Most of the times farmers have to wait toplough the land after rice harvest when soil moisture becomes ideal. Sometime low soil moisturedoes not allow tilling of the hard lands. In both the situations wheat sowing is delayed. Zero tillageis a very good option under such condition.

Study was conducted in villages of Patna district during 2004-05. Responses were obtained from71 farmers who have been doing ZT wheat for more than two seasons.

Table 1 depicts about sources of information of farmer. Responses were collected on the frequencyof use of media in four categories (often, frequently, sometime and never) weightage of 3, 2, 1 and0 were given for often, frequently, sometime and never, respectively. Among mass media, newspaperranked first followed by Radio and TV. Among institutional sources, scientists are the major sourceof information for the farmers. Friends and neighbours are the major sources of information amongindividual institutional sources.

Table 1. Sources of information of the farmers

Media Score & rank Media Score & rank

Mass mediaRadio 93 II TV 86 IIIFilm 41 Magazine 65Pamphlet 35 Newspaper 97 IExhibition 25 Kisan mela 42Kisan diwas 27

InstitutionalAgri. Officer 46 II Scientist 88 IExt. personnel 45 III Panchayat staff 04NGOs 11

Others/individualsFamily 55 II Relative 51 IIIFriend & Neighbour 58 I Local leader 05Gosthi 27

Constraints in Adopting ZT

With the help of farmers, scientists, extension agencies and other agencies all possible constraintswere listed and these constraints were classified into three categories, viz. Technical, Extension

62

and Financial. Response related to the constraints was obtained on a five points continuum, viz.“Most serious”, “Very serious”, “Serious”, “Not so serious” and “Not serious” with correspondingweightage of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. Based on the responses of 39 farmers, total score of each constraintwas calculated. Based on the total score, rank was given for each constraint.

Perusal of the data pertaining to each constraint presented in Table 2 reveals that lack of extensionliterature was top most constraint. Similarly, lack of adequate extension staff, inadequate extensionfacilities at the disposal of input agencies and non-availability of good quality machine and lack ofadequate extension staff ranked 2nd, 3rd, 3rd and 4th top most constraints, respectively.

Satisfaction Level of Farmers after Adoption of ZT Wheat in Patna District of Bihar

After adoption of ZT, to know the satisfaction level of thefarmer, responses were obtained in five categories, viz.h ighly sat isfy ing, sat isfy ing, nei ther sat isfy ing nordissatisfying, dissatisfying and highly dissatisfying, withweightage of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1, respect ive ly. Tota lsatisfaction score for each respondent was calculated andbased on the score obtained the respondents werecategorized into three categories, highly sat isf ied,satisfied and less satisfied taking mean and half standarddeviation. Total 90% farmers were satisfied with the ZTand only 10% were less satisfied (Table 3 and Fig. 1).

Attitude

A summated rating scale was used and scale was tested for the reliability and validity. Standardisedscale consisting of 19 items (7 negative and 12 positive) was administered to know the attitude offarmers. The responses were obtained on a five point continuum, viz. “Strongly agree”, “Agree”,“Undecided”, “Disagree” and “Strongly disagree” with the weightage of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 for positivestatement, and reverse scoring for negative statement. The total attitude score for each respondentwas calculated. The possible total score of the scale ranged from 19 to 95. Based on the scoreobtained, the respondents were categorized into three categories (Most favourable, favourable andleast favourable) taking mean and standard deviation as a measurement of check.

Total 87 per cent farmers were found with positive attitude including most favourable (17) tofavourable (70) towards ZT in wheat. Only 13% farmers had least favourable attitude (Table 4).Favourable attitude of higher proportion of farmers was mainly due to early sowing, lesser operationalcost, less weed incidence, and higher yield of wheat. Less favourable attitude was due to poorgermination owing to less moisture or improper seed placement. In eastern U. P. farmers werefound initially reluctant but after observing the performance most were favourable towards ZT inwheat. Growers response in relation to increase in the grain yield of wheat under ZT has beensummarised in Fig. 2 and Table 5. Analysation of attitude of farmers, extension personnel andscientists towards privatization of agricultural extension service reported various values of attitudesfrom respondents.

Fig. 1. Satisfaction level of farmers who opted ZT.

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Table 2. Distribution of constraints

S.No. Constraints Total score Rank

Extension constraints1. Lack of adequate extension staff 280 II2. Lack of extension literature 285 I3. Ignorance by mass media 254 VI4. Lack of knowledge of extension agencies 217 XIII5. Inadequate extension facilities at the disposal 273 III

of input agencies6. Lack of fellow farmers co-operation 230 XII

Technical constraints7. Non-availability of good quality machine 271 IV8. Loose straw management 212 XIV9. High machine cost 239 IX

10. Lack of local manufacturing facility 269 V11. Standing stable 175 XIX12. Appropriate moisture level at sowing 208 XVI13. Weed population at the time of sowing 233 X14. Increased problem of yellow stem borers 209 XV15. Hardening of upper soil 200 XVII16. Late harvesting of rice 199 XVIII17. Early harvesting of rice 130 XXI18. Straw burning 133 XX

Financial constraints19. No subsidy on machines 232 XI20. Lack of credit facility 254 VI21. Lack of money to buy new machines 246 VII22. Lack of money to buy other inputs 244 VIII

Table 3. Satisfaction level of farmers after adoption of ZT technology in wheat in Patna, Bihar(2004)

Satisfaction level Score %age of farmers Standard deviation

Highly satisfied >91.50 10 10.02

Satisfied 71.24 to 91.79 80

Less satisfied <71.75 10

Overall mean 81.77 100

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Av. increase in yield under ZT sown wheat (q/ha)

Fig. 2. Increase in grain yield under ZT over CT – Response of farmers

Table 4. Attitude towards ZT technology of wheat in Patna, Bihar (2004)

Attitude Attitude score %age of farmers Standard deviation

Most favourable >89.21 17 7.28Favourable 74.65 to 89.21 70Less favourable <74.65 13Overall mean 81.93 100

Table 5. Average increase in yield under ZT sown wheat in comparison to conventionalsown in Patna District

S.No. Average increase in ZT wheat yield (q/ha) % of farmers

1. No increase 19

2. < 1 9

3. 1-2 12

4. 2-4 22

5. 4-6 15

6. 6-8 17

7. >8 6

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Impact Assessment of Zero Tillage in Wheat

R. K. Sinha and A. K. SinghAgricultural Research Institute, Lohianagar, Patna-800 020

ABSTRACTTimely sowing is a key component in wheat production technology. Sowing time of wheat crop plays vital role incrop production. In order to harvest a good yield it is recommended that wheat crop must be sown upto the end ofNovember. The zero tillage technology which facilitates wheat sowing at least 10-15 days earlier than theconventional tillage and is also economical, saving of sowing time, fuel, irrigation water, labour, easy to operateand acceptable to farmers of both green revolution and complex, diverse and riskprone categories. The resultshave also shown that the average yield advantage with zero-till sown wheat were 2.88 to 3.48 q/ha. In addition tothat there was a considerable saving in irrigation cost and 43.6 l/ha of diesel. Thus, the overall net profitabilitygains of worth Rs. 4236.00 per hectare appear positive change in attitude of farmers to adopt the technology onlarger scale.

INTRODUCTION

The rice-wheat is the predominant cropping system in Indo-Gangetic plains of India and occupiesabout 10.5 million hectares of land. It is the first cropping system in 120 districts of the country andis prominent cropping system in Northern alluvial region spread over Punjab, Haryana, U. P. andBihar. Nearly 25% of the total rice area of the country is grown in rotation involving wheat, whereasabout 40% of wheat is grown in rotation involving rice. Much of the increase in wheat area occurredthrough expansion of the rice-wheat sequence. Thus, the last three decades witnessed overwhelmingincrease in area and productivity of rice and wheat in the country.

Need of Zero-tillage in Bihar

The area under cultivation which is about 80 per cent rice-wheat area is under low lying situationwhere accumulated rain water persists upto second fortnight of November. There is no alternative,but to cultivate only late duration rice-varieties which mature by the end of November or earlyDecember. Again after harvesting, the field is wet and takes another 10-15 days for any culturaloperation for sowing of succeeding crop.

In Bihar, hardly 20 per cent area of wheat is sown timely. Thus, major area is sown in the month ofDecember and even in the first week of January, which results in considerable yield reduction, themargin of profit is greatly reduced.

The adoption of zero-tillage technology proved to be a very simple technology and most farmerswho adopted the technology were satisfied and felt that the technology saved sowing time, savingin field preparation, fuel, irrigation water and labour.

The zero tillage technology that performs the opening of furrow, placement of fertilizer and seedsowing in one go, offers such an opportunity. The timeliness of farm operations plays vital role incrop production. In order to harvest a good yield, it is recommended that wheat crop must be sownupto the end of November. It is scientifically proved that delay in wheat sowing after 30th November,drastically reduces the yield to the tune of 50-55 kg ha-1 per week.

The zero tillage device and its adoption may prove a boon for such areas and facilitates wheatsowing can be advanced about 10-15 days earlier over conventional method fetching net savingworth Rs. 4236.00 per hectare and yield advantages in the range of 2.88 to 3.48 q/ha and alsosaving of 43 litre diesel per hectare.

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The success of zero tillage of wheat greatly improves the cropping intensity of Bihar. The farmersof Bihar are really enthusiatic about zero-tillage of wheat sowing. The technology adoption by farmersis very encouraging and the performance of this technology became household name amongst thefarmers of this state.


To promote wheat cultivation with an emphasis for making its production more profitable in newmillenium through expansion of zero-tillage based wheat cultivation, a challenging project on“Accelerating the Adoption of Resource Conservation Technology (RCTs) for Farm Level Impact onSustainability of Rice-Wheat System of the Indo-Gangetic Plains” under NATP was launched since2001. This project was designed to accelerate the adoption of RCTs through the process of farmer’sparticipatory research.

Intensive trials on experiment, station and on farmer’s fields have brought out some of the advantagesthis technology offers. Considering the important factors like soil type and irrigation sources, thisprogramme was initially started with four districts of Bihar. In rabi 2002-03, three more districts wereincluded which increased the adoption of zero-tillage technology in larger areas and the number ofvillages covered and farmers involved were also increased many fold.

In rabi 2003-04, the zero-tillage technology was accelerated in all 300 villages falling in 14 districtsof Bihar involving 1502 farmers covering the total area of 3007 acres (Table 1).

Table 1. Area covered and farmers involved in practising Zero-tillage sowing of wheat during2001-02 to 2003-04

S. Districts 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

No. No. of No. of Area No. of No. of Area No. of No. of Areavillages farmers (acres) villages farmers (acres) villages farmers (acres)

involved involved involved

1. Patna 13 40 58.28 29 201 514.25 53 332 5872. Vaishali 1 7 5.45 10 27 72.0 16 103 1493. Nalanda 3 9 13.88 10 35 98.0 26 108 2444. Rohtas 16 38 52.50 24 59 114.3 41 117 2235. Kaimur 4 21 134.8 28 206 4066. Aurangabad 1 25 60.1 17 53 1277. Bhojpur 1 1 10.1 19 103 2868. W. Champaran 13 68 1559. Gaya 16 107 173

10. Jehanabad 11 47 10211. Buxar 21 78 18912. Nawada 11 48 10313. Siwan 7 29 7814. Chapra 21 103 185

Total 33 94 130.1 79 369 1003.5 300 1502 3007

Socio-economical Impact Assessment

To get the feedback from adopters of zero tillage technology a survey covering 60 respondents wasconducted during the years 2003 and 2004. Socio-economic profile of these farmers as well astheir farming practices and reaction to zero tillage technology was recorded.

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Socio-personal Status of Respondents

The socio-personal information of the respondents shows that 37% of the ZT practising farmersbelong to forward caste followed by dominant caste (32%) and agricultural caste (25%). Theeducational level of most of the respondents were high school (35%) followed by graduation (20%),primary (15%) and middle (10%). This indicates that early adopters were educated farmers havingmatriculation and above qualification. Only 3% of the adopters were matriculate and abovequalification. It is also evident that about 73% of the respondents have the major occupation ofagriculture and 62% of the respondents belong to joint families.

Resource Base of Respondents

The resource base of respondents says that above 61% of ZT practising farmers have their ownthresher and 28% have 35 HP tractor and trolley. There is no seed-cum-fertilizer drill machines toany of the respondents. However, 10% farmers have traditional seed drill machines. On the basisof size of holding 51 and 38% of the respondents belonged to medium (5-12.5 acres) and large(>12.5 acres) category, whereas small and marginal farmers were 8 and 3%, respectively. Thisshows zero-tillage technology is popular between medium and large farmers as they have largestplot sizes and they are capable of taking risk in the early phase of this technology.

Sources of Information

Among the mass media, daily newspaper is often source of information (67%), whereas sometimesradio and television play an important role for the information about ZT technology. Among theinstitutional sources, university scientists were often (80%) the source of information. Among non-institutional sources, only freinds and relatives played some role as a source of information for therespondents.

Change Proneness

Change proneness is the indicator of the adoption of new technology by the respondents. Perusalof the data collected in respect of change proneness indicated that respondents had moderatelevel of change proneness. About 82% farmers agreed with the statement that they try to keepthemselves with information on new technology, but that does not mean that they try out all the newmethods. It also indicates that 87% of the respondents are very cautious about trying new practices.Majority of the respondents (78%) has doubt about the success of new practices but at the sametime they feel that if the technologies are promising they would surely adopt them.

Attitude Towards Zero Tillage Technology

The respondents had a positive attitude towards zero tillage technology. Nearly 78% respondent’sstrongly agreed that zero tillage yields from wheat, it saves diesel (97%) and saves money (90%).About 93% of the respondents were also strongly agreed with the statement that government shouldpromote zero tillage technology. 61% of the farmers were agreed that this is a profitable technology,it saves water in the first irrigation (80%). 83% of the respondents were agreed with the fact thatzero tillage technology is a very simple and it does not require any specific skill. Savings in ZTwheat (Tables 2 and 3) clearly go in favour of this technology.

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Table 2. Average saving (Rs./ha) with ZT of wheat over CT at farmers field

S. No. Resource Saving over CT (Rs./ha) Zero tillage

1. Field preparation & seeding 8852. Seeds 2753. Irrigations 960

Table 3. Averages cost reduction and net profit with ZT over CT at farmer’s field

Crop establishment Av. cost of Av. cost Av. increase Av. net profitmethod cultivation reduction over in yields over over CT

(Rs./ha) CT (Rs,/ha) CT (kg/ha) (Rs./ha)

Zero tillage 12805 2120 +288 4236Conventional 14925Market rate of wheat grain=Rs. 650/q and Bhusa=Rs. 75/q.

Knowledge about Zero Tillage

Respondents have fair knowledge about zero tillage. The respondents are strongly agreed with thefact that phosphorus is placed at right depth with zero till drill (78%), there is a definitely saving inlabour (92%). About 68% of the respondents are agreed with the fact that zero tillage is a newtechnology which will increase yield. The emergence of wheat under zero tillage is 1 or 2 daysearlier than conventional tillage. Nearly 70% farmers feel that seeds are placed in the most fertilezone of the soil. Farmers also feel that the crop vigour is better in ZT than CT. About 73% ofrespondents agreed that zero tillage technology increases the yield and it is better than CT. Theimportance of post-emergence herbicides is necessary in ZT was felt by 70% of the respondents.The practising farmers also realized that use of zero till drill saved money of at least of Rs. 1000.The statement “Diesel saving in the range of 20-25 litres/acre is also agreed by 63% of therespondents.


The respondents were satisfied with the achievement attained through zero-tillage, scope to provemerit for promotion of zero tillage, technical feasibility of ZT and ability of reduced stress of hardlabour. It is also due to saving in energy, saving in time, cost saving and timeliness of sowing whichproved to be higly satisfying to the respondents. The respondents were also satisfied with theimprovement in yield.

Economical Gains with Zero Tillage over Conventional Tillage

1. Tractor use : Economic survey of zero till practising farmers revealed that average tractorhours per hectare required upto sowing was 2.3 h in case of ZT as compared to 11.5 h in CT. Thus,about 9.0 h tractor time was saved by adoption of zero tillage technology (Fig. 1).

2. Tota l t ractor charges paid or fuel used : On an average about 11 .0l/ha diesel was required for sowing of wheat in zero tillage and about 54.6 l/ha diesel was requiredfor sowing under CT system including field preparation and sowing. Thus, 43.6 l/ha diesel can besaved by adoption of ZT technology (Fig. 2).

69

70

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rh

ou

rsu

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ZT (2.3) CT (11.5)

Tillage system

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Die

se

lco

nsu

me

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litre

/ha

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Tillage system

Fig. 2. Fuel consumption under ZT and CT.

Fig. 1. Time saving with tractor.

Sowing of wheat upto hired tractor required the average charges of about Rs. 725/ha in ZT andRs. 1550/ha in CT. Thus, saving of Rs. 825 per hectare was realized by the farmers who adoptedzero-tillage technology as compared to conventional tillage.

3. Time taken in first irrigation (h/ha) : Average time taken in first irrigation was recorded tobe 14.2 h per hectare in ZT as compared to 19.4 h per hectare in CT. Thus, around 5.2 h perhectare was saved in first irrigation by the adoption of zero tillage as compared to conventionaltillage (Fig. 3).

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(hour/

ha)

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Tillage system

Fig. 3. Time taken in first rrigation.

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a)

ZT

Fieldpreparation&seeding

Seeds

Irrigation

Fig. 4. Average saving with ZT.

71

4. Seeds : Zero tillage practising farmers generally used a seed rate ranging from125 to 150kg/ha. However, in the conventional method a high seed rate ranging from 150 to 175 kg/ha wasused. Thus, there was an average saving of 25 kg/ha seed in ZT as compared to CT.

Saving in Field Preparation, Seeds and Irrigation Water

The average saving of Rs. 2120/ha was recorded with ZT over CT in field preparation (includingseeding), seed and irrigation water. Here an average saving of one labour was realized in fieldpreparation and three labours in three irrigations with ZT over CT (Table 3 and Fig. 4).

Cost Reduction and Net Profit

The average cost reduction with ZT over CT was recorded Rs. 2120. The average net profit with ZTwas Rs. 4236/ha as compared to CT at farmers' field (Table 3 and Fig. 5).

72

Project Impact

The project has made significant impact on farmers of Bihar. The farmers are positive in their attitudeabout the zero tillage technology. The conservation of fuel during land preparation, saving in seedsand its seeding, irrigation water, labour and the overall profitability gains of Rs. 4236 per hectarehave shown positive change in attitude of farmers towards this technology. The yield advantage inzero-tillage over conventional tillage system has created interest among the farmers to adopt thenew tillage technologies.

Considering the above advantages, farmers have started adopting this technologies and adoptionhas been widespread in the state of Bihar. The feedback from farmers clearly indicates that theyare going to adopt at large scale.

0

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Establishment method

Cost reduction and net profitwith ZT over CT

Avg. cost reduction

Net profit

Fig. 5. Cost reduction and net profit with ZT over CT.

izFke o"kZ esa eSaus N% ,dM+ xsgw¡ thjks fVyst fof/k lscks;kA vc eSa lkjs [ksr dh ¼28 ,dM+½ lh fof/k ls cqokbZdjrk gw¡A esjs ikl viuh e'khu gSA blls esjh1000&1100 #0 izfr ,dM+ cpr gksrh gS] le; ij fctkbZgks tkrh gS] VªSDVj de VwVrk gS] Qly fxjrh ugha gSAeaMwlh dk izdksi Hkh de gS] iSnkokj cjkcj gSA eSa blrduhd ls dkQh [kq'k gw¡ A

bZ

Gurnam Singh S/o Sh. Ajmer SinghVill. Mansur, Distt. Yamunanagar

In first year I adopted Zero tillage techniqueonly on six acres but now whole farm is sown withzero tillage. It saves Rs. 1000-1100/acre. Saving intime, machinery & implements and diesel. Lodgingis less, weed infestation also less and yield is equalto conventional sowing. I am satisfied with thistechnology. I purchased my own machine.

le; dh cpr gksrh gS A [kpZ Hkh 800&900 #0 izfr,dM+ de vkrk gS A cht dh cpr gksrh gS ijUrq esjhiSnkokj de gS] Qly dh teokj o QqVko de gksrk gSAfglkc cjkcj cSBrk gS A

Kiranpal S/o Sh. Gyan ChandVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

Saving in time, diesel, seed and money. Itsaves Rs. 900/acre. Yield is somewhat less but thistechnique is profitable. Anyhow it is a goodtechnology because expenditure is less.

igyh ckj 4 ,dM+ fctkbZ dhA ,slk yx jgk Fkk fdteokj ugha gksxh ij cgqr vPNh Qly gqbZA cht rksFkksM+k T;knk Mkyrk gw¡] cgqr vPNh teokj gksrh gSAQly ihyh ugha gksrh vkSj fxjrh Hkh ugha gSA ikyd dhf'kdk;r gSA ,d ,dM+ dh fctkbZ ij 600&700 #0 cprgksrh gSA le; ij fctkbZ gks tkrh gS] dksbZ fljnnhZ ughaAvPNh iSnkokj gksrh gSA eSa fdlku Hkkb;ksa ls vihy d:axkdh ,d ckj t:j cqokbZ djds ns[ksaA

Mahipal S/o Sh. Siptar SinghVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

Germination is very good, crop under zerotillage does not show yellowish colour after 1stirrigation. Lodging problem is also less. At the timeof sowing saving of Rs. 600-700/acre is there.Sowing of wheat is on time, therefore, no tension.Yield is also higher than conventional tillage. I amhappy with this technique and suggests otherfarmers to adopt it.

eSa lu~ 2002 ls thjks fMªy ls fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡]cht de yxrk gS] le; dh cpr] 900&1000 #0 izfr,dM+ dh cpr gks tkrh gSA u Qly fxjrh gS uihykiu vkrk gSA de [kjirokj mxrs gSaA iSnkokj cjkcjgksrh gSA dkQh lUrq"V gw¡A

Shyam Lal S/o Sh. Narain DassVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

I have been using zero tillage tech since 2002.There is saving in time as well as seed. Zero tillsowing saves about Rs.900-1000/acre. In thistechnique weed germination is less and croplodging is also less. I am satisfied with thistechnique.

2001 esa ds-oh-ds-] ;equkuxj ls irk pyk A igys 2,dM+ esa fctkbZ djkbZ rks xkao okyksa us dgk fd bl ckjvkids [ksr esa dqN iSnk ugha gksxk A ckn esa vPNh teokjgqbZ A vc eSa lkjs xsgw¡ thjks ls chtrk gw¡] 1000&1200 izfr,dM+ fctkbZ ds le; cp tkrs gSaA fctkbZ 7&8 fnuigys gks tkrh gS A èkku ds Qkus xyus ds ckn [kkn dkdke djrs gSa vkSj izfr ,dM+ 2 fDoaVy rd dh iSnkokjvf/kd gksrh gS A eSa oSKkfudksa dk 'kqfØ;k vnk djrk gw¡ Aeq>s rks bl rduhd ls cgqr Qk;nk gks jgk gS A

Hans Raj S/o Sh. VasudevVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

I got the information about this technique fromYamunanagar KVK in 2001. Germination is verygood. Sowing of crop is done 7-8 days earlier thanconventional sowing. It saves Rs.1000-1200/acreat the time of sowing. The rice crop residue left infield increases soil fertility, gives yield 2 q/acremore than conventional tillage. I am satisfied withzero-tillage technology and thankful to thescientists for giving a very profitable and less timeconsuming technology.

FARMER’S OPINION ABOUT ZERO TILLAGEIN HARYANA

bl fof/k ls iSnkokj vPNh gS] [kpkZ de gksrk gS vkSjVkbe dh cpr gksrh gSA VSªDVj dh f?klkbZ de gksrh gS]700&800 #Ik;s izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gS] cht Hkh deyxrk gSA xsgw¡ dh teokj Hkh Hkjiwj gSA Qly ckfj'k o rstgok ls fxjrh ugha gSA iSnkokj ijEijkxr fof/k ds cjkcj vkrhgSA eSa bl rduhd ls dkQh lUrq"V gw¡A

Charanjeet Singh S/o Sh. Pradhan Singh

Village Sakraon, Ambala

So many benefits : more yield, saving in time,

reduced repair cost of tractor, saving of Rs. 700-

8000/acre. Germination of wheat is good and no

lodging in strong winds. Better yield. I am satisfied

with this technology.

bl fof/k ls vPNh teokj o vPNh iSnkokj dslkFk&lkFk VªSDVj dh Hkh de f?klkbZ gksrh gSA Mhty Hkhde yxrk gS o ftjks fVyst ls chth gqbZ xsgw¡ ij ckfj'kdk uqdlku ugha gksrkA [kkn de Mkyrk gw¡ vkSj rhljslky ,d ckj tqrkbZ djds fctkbZ djrs gSaA blls pkSM+hiRrh okys [kjirokj ugha vkrsA bl fof/k ls izfr ,dM+1000&1100 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA

Arjun Singh S/o Sh. Kartar SinghVillage Thol, Kurukshetra

In zero tillage, germination is good and yield is

higher than conventional sowing. It saves time and

diesel cost. No harmful effect of rain on crop is

there and fertilizers requirement is also less. By

adopting this technology we save Rs. 1000-

1100/acre.

bl fof/k ds rks Qk;ns gh Qk;ns gSaA Qly defxjrh gS rFkk [kpkZ Hkh de yxrk gS] 15&20 gtkj #i;sdh cpr Hkh gks tkrh gSA teokj Hkh vPNh gksrh gSA xsgw¡dh fctkbZ ,d lIrkg igys gks tkrh gSA nwljs fdlkubl rduhd dks t:j viuk,aA

Hazara Singh S/o Sh. Chajju SinghVillage Thol, Kurukshetra

There are benefits and benefits in zero tillage

sowing. Yield increases, no lodging problem and

less expenditure. Better germination. Sowing is

completed one week before.

le; dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk #i;ksa dh cpr gksrh gSA;g fof/k iwjh rjg ls dke;kc gqbZA ge lksp jgs Fks fd ;gdSlh gksxhA bl fof/k okys xsgw¡ esa QqVko de gksrk gSA blfy,iSnkokj ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys de gS ij fctkbZ ds le;900&1000 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gks tkrh gS vkSj esgur HkhdkQh de gksrh gSA blfy, ckr cjkcj iM+rh gSA

Raj Kumar S/o Sh. Sajjan SinghVillage Thol, Kurukshetra

Saving of time as well as money. This

technology fully successful. Saving of Rs. 900-

1000/ acre and labour requirement is also less.

thjks fVy ls le; rFkk [kpsZ dh cpr gksus ds lkFk&lkFkQly dh iSnkokj Hkh vPNh gksrh gSA Qly de fxjrh gS rFkkeaMwlh 20 izfr'kr rd ?kV tkrh gSA xk¡o esa e'khu dh vf/kdekax ijUrq de miyC/krk ds dkj.k dbZ fdlku thjks fMªy lsxsgw¡ dh fctkbZ ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA vr% d`f"k foHkkx dks bldhmiyC/krk lLrs nkeksa ij lqfuf'pr djuh pkfg, rkfd vf/kdls vf/kd fdlku bl rduhd dk ykHk mBk ldsaA

Darshan Singh S/o Sh. Sarupa SinghVillage Samain, Fatehabad

Zero tillage leads to a considerable saving in timeand money on one land and leads to a good crop standontheotherduetolesslodgingofthecropandreductionin the population of (upto 20%).However, due to high demand & comparatively lesseravailability of zero-till drill in the village, many farmersremain deprived of wheat sowing by this technique.Hence, the Agriculture Department should ensure itsavailability on affordable prices so that more number offarmers be benefited from the technique.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVyst xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dh ,d mRre rduhd gSAle; dh cpr gksrh gS rFkk [kpkZ 600 #Ik;s izfr ,dM+ de gkstkrk gSA xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gS rFkk eaMwlh dh deAtM+ksa dh etcwr idM+ ds dkj.k flapkbZ ds ckn gok pyus ijQly de fxjrh gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dks Hkh ;g rduhdhviukus dh lykg nw¡xkA

Naseeb Singh S/o Sh. Jodha RamjiVillage Samain, Fatehabad

Zero tillage is the best technique for the sowing ofwheat as it results in saving of time and also cost isreduced to the tune of Rs. 600 per acre. It results ingood crop stand and reduction in the Phalarispopulation. There is also less lodging of the crop afterirrigation as the roots hold the soil firmly after usingzero tillage. I will recommend this technique to otherfarmers also.

igys lky ,d ,dM+ esa fctkbZ djk jgk Fkk vPNkjgkA viuh e'khu [kjhn yh vius cht ysrk gw¡] 150&160,dM+ esa chtrk gw¡A vius [ksr esa Mhty dh cpr gksrh gS]50&60 gtkj xkao esa fctkbZ ls cpk ysrk gw¡] de chtMkyrk gw¡] 7&8 fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA fctkbZ dsrqjUr ckn LVkEi dk Lizs djrk gw¡A [kjirokj dk iw.kZfu;U=.k gksrk gS mlds ckn dksbZ Lizs ughaA fctkbZ dsrqjUr ckn ckfj'k ls teokj ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk]Qly fxjrh ughaA iSnkokj 1&2 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSAcgqr etk vk x;kA

Bhagwan Dass S/o Sh. Shankar DassVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

I have purchased my own drill. I sowed 150-160acre with zero tillage drill and for that I earn Rs. 50-60 thousand. It is a very good source of income. Ialso sown my own field with this drill. Sowing iscompleted 7-8 days earlier. Saving of diesel andseed. We spray stomp before sowing by whichseeds are completely under control and no sprayafter that. No effect of rain if received just aftersowing on crop, no lodging. Yield is increased by 1-2 q/acre as compared to conventional sowing.

le; dh cpr] cht dh cpr] 1100&1200 #0 dhizfr ,dM+ cpr] vPNk teokj gksrk gS] ihykiu ughavkrk] Qly de fxjrh gS] QqVko de gksrk gS A esjhiSnkokj 1&2 eu izfr ,dM+ de gqbZ A tehu de gSblfy, bl lky ugha dh A cjkcj jgrk gS A

Rameshwar Dass S/o Sh. Bihari DassVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

Zero tillage technology saves time, cropneither becomes yellow nor lodges. It savesploughing cost worth Rs. 1100-1200/acre. Yield islittle bit but less lint. This is a good technology.

o"kZ 2001 esa iM+kSlh dh e'khu ns[kh Fkh vc viuslkjs xsgw¡ thjks fVyst ls fdjk, ij fctkbZ djkrk gw¡] 10fdyks cht de Mkyrk gw¡] 600&700 #0 izfr ,dM+ de[kpZ] vPNh teokj iSnkokj 2&2-5 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dks bl rduhd dks t:j viukus dhlykg nsrk gw¡ A

Rampal S/o Sh. Kehar SinghVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

I saw zero tillage machine in 2001 for the firsttime in the field of my neighbouring farmer. Afterthat I also adopted this technique on my wholefarm. In this technique 10 kg/acre less seed isused. Rs. 600-700/acre less expenditure. Goodgermination and other benefits. Yield is also 2-2.5q/acre higher than conventional sowing. I suggestother farmers for adopting this technology.

thjks fVyst ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ ds cgqr Qk;ns gSa Ade cht] de le;] 700&800 izfr ,dM+ de [kpZ vPNhteokj] Qly fxjrh ugha vkSj iSnkokj 6&7 eu izfr,dM+ T;knk A

Yashpal S/o Sh. Jeevan DassVill. Antawa, Yamunanagar

Zero tillage sowing of wheat has lot ofadvantages. Saves time, saving of Rs. 700-800/acre, less expenditure, good germination andcrop yield, etc. Lodging problem is very less. Aboveall it increases yield to the extent of 6-7 mann peracre.

viuh e'khu gS A Mhty dh cgqr cpr gksrh gS AfctkbZ Hkh FkksM+s le; esa gks tkrh gS A [kkn 50 fdyksxzkede Mkyrk gw¡ A FkksM+h ikyd T;knk vkrh gSA teokjvPNh gksrh gS A iSnkokj 1&1-5 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gS A

Sureshpal S/o Sh. Mehar SinghVill. Bhagu Majra, Yamunanagar

I have my own zero-drill. It saves time, dieseland 50 kg urea/acre, full germination and yield is 1-1.5 q/acre higher than conventional tillage.Problem of is very less but brood leafweeds are a little bit more.

Phalaris

eSaus loZizFke gfj;k.kk d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;] fglkj dsoSKkfudksa ls thjks fVy e'khu ds ckjs esa 2002 esa lqukA esjs iklviuh thjks fVyst e'khu gS] mlls 8 ,dM+ viuh chtrk gw¡vkSj 30&40 ,dM+ xkao dh fctkbZ djrk gw¡A blls esjk 40&45yhVj Mhty izfr ,dM+ cprk gSA cf<;k teokj gksrk gS] vka/kh¼rst gok½ ,oa cjlkr ls Qly fxjrh ugha gSA [kjirokj Hkhde mxrh gSA iSnkokj 1&1-5 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSA

Harbans Singh S/o Sh. Hardyal SinghVill. Bhagu Majra, Yamunanagar

HAU scientists told me about zero tillage in2002. I purchased zero tillage machine then andnow sow my own as well as 30-40 acres of otherfarmers by zero tillage machine. It saves 40-45l/acre diesel and helps in early sowing of crop.Germination is very good. Crop does not lodgeeven in strong winds and rains during growingseason. Weed infestation is also reduced and yieldis 1-1.5 q/acre more in this technique.

thjks fVyst ls fdlku dks lcls cM+k Qk;nk Mhtydh cpr] le; dh cpr] VSªDVj dh f?klkbZ dh cpr]igyh flapkbZ ij Qly ihyh ugha iM+rh vkSj de fxjrhgSA ;g dYyj dh tehu esa T;knk Qk;nsean gSA thjksfVyst ls esjh iSnkokj 2&3 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+ c<+ xbZ gSA

Guljar Singh S/o Sh Randhir SinghVillage Bhagu Majra, Yamunanagar

Biggest advantage of zero tillage lies in savingof diesel, time and maintenance of tractor andmachinery. After first irrigation no yellowing of cropis there and crop remains green throughoutseason. This technique is very much beneficial inproblematic soils. After adopting zero tillage, wheatcrop yield has increased by 2-3 q/ acre.

thjks fVyst fof/k ls [ksr rS;kj djus esa le; ughayxrk] [kpZ de gksrk gSA thjks fVy dh Qly dh tM+ksa dhidM+ etcwr gksrh gS rFkk flapkbZ ds ckn gok pyus ijQly ugha fxjrh] 500&600 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh cpr]iSnkokj ijEijkxr fof/k ds cjkcj gksrh gSA pkSM+h iÙkh okyh[kjirokj T;knk gksrh gSaA eSa bl rduhd ls lUrq"V gw¡A

Hoshiar Singh S/o Sh. Jai SinghVillage Bhagu Majra,Yamunanagar

Zero tillage saves lot of time at the time ofsowing. Early sowing of crop with less expenditure.In zero tillage, root growth is better deep, so cropdoes not lodge to wind/rains. It saves Rs. 500-600/acre. I am fully satisfied.

bl rduhd dss ckjs esa eq>s xsgw¡ vuqla/kku dsUnz] djukyds oSKkfudksa ls irk pyk A eSa lu~ 1998 ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ blfof/k ls djrk vk jgk gw¡A izfr ,dM+ 1000 #0 dh cpr gksrhgS] 5&7 fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gS A teokj o QqVko cgqrvPNk gksrk gS A Qly de fxjrh gS] iSnkokj cjkcj vkrh gS AQk;nk gh Qk;nk gS uqdlku rks gS ugha blfy, eSa nwljsfdlkuksa ls dgw¡xk fd bl rduhd dks t:j viuk,aA

Suresh Khurana S/o Sh. Jagdish ChanderVillage Kheri Lakkha Singh, Yamunanagar

I adopted zero tillage technology in 1998. Afteradoption of this technique, sowing is completed 5-7 days early than conventional tillage. It savesRs.1000/acre. Germination & tillering is good and itreduces lodging. There are many benefits in zerotillage technique. So, I advise farmers to adopt thistechnology.

igyh ckj lu~ 2002 esa fj'rsnkj ds ;gk¡ ns[kh] eq>s cgqrvPNh yxhA vxys lky eSausa viuh e'khu [kjhn yhA thjksrduhd ds cgqr Qk;ns gSaA izfr ,dM+ 20&25 yhVj rsy cprkgSA eSa 65 ,dM+ xsgw¡ thjks fVyst ls chtrk gw¡A igys ,d eghus lsT;knk le; yxrk FkkA fnu jkr VSªDVj pykuk iM+rk FkkA vclkjh fctkbZ 10 fnu esa gks tkrh gS] VSªDVj dk batu ugha [kjkcgksrkA cht de yxrk gS] teokj vf/kd gksrk gSA Qly fxjrhugha] iSnkokj ijEijkxr fof/k ds cjkcj gS] Qk;ns gh Qk;ns gSa] eSabl rduhdls lUrq"V gw¡A

Jarnail Singh S/o Sh. Shish SinghVillage Satgoli, Yamunanagar

I saw zero till sown wheat for the first time in my

relative's field. It looked good to me and next year I

bought my own machine. I sowed 65 acre wheat by

zero tillage. Zero tillage has many advantages.

Saving of 20-25 l/acre diesel. Before adoption of this

technology, we ploughed the field day and night

continuously but now we work only in day and sowing

is completed 10 days earlier. Maintenance of tractor

& implements is less. The technique saves time and

seed and germination is good. Lodging problem is

also less. I am fully satisfied and very happy.

thjks fVyst ds }kjk xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ ds cgqr Qk;ns gSa Aigyh lcls cM+h ckr ;g gS fd bl fof/k ls le; dh cgqr cprgksrh gS A eSa 75 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ thjks fVystls djrk gw¡A esjk,d ekg dk le; cprk gS A e'khujh de f?klrh gS A Mhtydk[kpZ Hkh ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys cgqr de gSaA dudh dhteokj dks de djrh gSA Qlydk jax xgjk gjk jgrk gS A tM+cgqr xgjh tkrh gSa A rst gok ls Qly fxjrh ugha gS AijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys bl fof/k ls 800&900 #0 izfr ,dM+cpr gksrh gS vkSj iSnkokj Hkh mlds eqdkcys vf/kd gksrh gS Athjks fVyst fdlkuksa ds fy, cgqr Qk;ns okyh rduhd gS A

Sukhvinder Singh S/o Sh. Shisha SinghVillage Satgoli, Yamunanagar

Zero tillage has proved very beneficial. The

most important thing is that lot of time is saved. I use

this technique in 75 acres of land and there is a

saving of complete one month by adoption of zero

tillage technology. Repair & maintenance of

machinery is reduced. Saving of diesel is also an

advantageous part of this technology.

germination less. Crop roots go deeper due to which

crop does not lodge. Crop remains dark green

throughout season and yield also higher than

conventional tillage. This technique has proved

beneficial for us.

Phalaris minor

bl e'khu ds ckjs esa geus lcls igys lu~ 1998 esav[kckj esa Ik<+k Fkk og dfVax ysdj geus ,l-Mh-vks- lksuhirls irk fd;k vkSj lu~ 1999 esa geus ljdkjh e'khu ls 2 ,dM+dh fctkbZ djokbZA nwj&nwj ls pydj vkneh gekjs xsgw¡ ns[kusvkrs FksA rc ls yxkrkj bl fof/k ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djrs vkjgs gSa vc gekjs ikl viuh e'khu gS ftlls 30 ,dM+ viuhfctkbZ djrs gSa vkSj 70&80 ,dM+ xkao dh fctkbZ djrs gSaAblls Hkh dbZ gtkj dh vkenuh gksrh gSA bl fof/k ls izfr,dM+ 800&900 #0 dk rsy cp tkrk gSA le; Hkh de yxrkgS bl e'khu ls 18&20 fnu igys gekjh fctkbZ gks tkrh gSAesgur Hkh ugha djuh iM+rhA blls fctkbZ esa cyqjh Hkh devkrh gS vkSj Qly fxjrh Hkh ugha gSA geus viuh e'khu dsgyksa ds 9 bap dV djok j[kk gS blls Hkh iSnkokj c<+h gSA buQk;nksa dks ns[kdj xkao ds nwljs fdlkuksa us Hkh viuh e'khu[kjhn yh ;k fdjk;s ij fctkbZ djokrs gSaA

Jagdish S/o Sh. Chander BhanVillage Moi, Sonepat

We read about this machine for the first time in1998 in news paper. Taking that cutting, weenquired from S. D. O., Sonepat and in 1999 wesowed two acres with this machine. People fromfar away places come to seed our wheat crop.Then onwards we are sowing wheat by thismethod. Now, we have our own machine by whichwe sow 30 acres own and 70-80 acres in thevillage. This also gives income of thousands. Thismethod saves diesel of Rs. 800-900 per acre.There is also time saving and sowing is done 18-20days earlier by this. There is less labourrequirement. There is less occurrence of manand no crop lodging. We have adjusted the typesat 9 inch. This also has increased yield. By seeingthese benefits, other farmers of the village havealso purchased the machine or they sow by customhiring.

eSa vius 21 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ blh fof/k ls djrk gw¡(cgqr Qk;nsean gSa blesa u rks ikuh #drk gS rFkk u gh Qlyihyh iM+rh gSA Qly fxjrh Hkh ugha gSA QqVko cgqr vPNkgksrk gSA NhaVs dh ctk, bl fof/k esa yxHkx 2 fDoaVy izfr,dM+ iSnkokj T;knk gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls [kq'k gw¡A ;grduhd fdlkuksa ds fy, csgn fdQk;rh gSA

Ishwar Singh S/o Sh. Bhulan SinghVillage Moi, Sonepat

I sow my 21 acres by this method only. This isvery beneficial. There is neither waterlodging northe crop shows yellowing. There is no crop lodgingand also good tillering. Compared to broadcasting,this method gives 2 q per acre higher yield. I amhappy with this technique. This technique is verybeneficial to the farmers.

thjks ls iSnkokj 4 fDoaVy vf/kd gksrh gSA tM+ksa dhidM+ T;knk gksus ds dkj.k Qly fxjrh ugha gSA igyhflapkbZ ds ckn ihyh Hkh ugha iM+rhA lcls T;knk ykHk rksMhty 20&25 yhVj de yxrk gS vkSj fctkbZ Hkh le; ij gkstkrh gSA [kjirokj Hkh de mxrh gSA ikuh dh cpr gksrh gSAbl fof/k ds }kjk fctkbZ dh gqbZ xsgw¡ esa ikuh tYnh yx tkrkgSA eSa gj fdlku dks ;gh lykg nsuk pkgw¡xk fd ;g rjhdkBhd gS vkSj Qk;nsean gSA

Kapil S/o Sh. Ved PalVillage Moi, Sonepat

There is 4 q higher yield with zero. This is nocrop lodging due to better anchowing of roots.Also, there is no yellowing after first irrigation. Thebest benefit is 20-25 litre diesel saving and sowingis also done in time. Weeds are also lesser andthere is water saving. Field sown with this methodis quickly irrigated after harvesting. I would suggestevery farmer that this is a good and beneficialmethod.

thjks fVyst ls le; dh dkQh cpr gksrh gS D;ksafdthjh dkVrs gh lh/kh fctkbZ dj nsrs gsaA blls fctkbZ 10&15fnu igys gks tkrh gSA Qly 'kq: ls gh xgjs gjs jax dh jgrhgSA igyh flapkbZ ds ckn Hkh Qly ihyh ugha iM+rhA bllsMhty dh cpr Hkh dkQh gksrh gSA izfr ,dM+ 25 yhVj rsyde yxrk gSA Qly fxjrh Hkh ugha vkSj eaMwlh Hkh de terhgSA iSnkokj bl fof/k ls 2&2-5 fDoaVy c<+h gSA eSa rks fdlkuksadks lykg nsrk gw¡ fd viuh e'khu dks 9 bap ij lSV djk,blls cky yEch vkSj eksVh vkrh gS rFkk iSnkokj Hkh c<+rh gSA

Anil Kumar S/o Sh. Suraj BhanVillage Rai, Sonepat

Zero tillage saves enough time since sowing isdone directly after harvesting. Sowing is advancedby 10-15 days with this method. The crop remainsdark greenish from starting onwards and the cropdoes not turn yellow after first irrigation. Thismethod saves about 25 litre diesel per acre. Thereis no crop lodging and less occurrence of Phalaris(Mandusi). The yield increases by 2-2.5 q with thismethod. I suggest the farmers to set their machineon 9 inches which produces long earhead andgives higher yield.

le; dh cpr gksrh gS esgur de djuh iM+rh gSA bllsizfr ,dM+ 600&700 #0 fctkbZ ds fy, de nsus iM+rs gSaAeaMwlh de gksrh gS vkSj Qly fxjrh Hkh ugha gSA ikuh dkstYnh ih ysrh gSA iSnkokj Hkh 2 fDoaVy rd c<+ xbZ gSA eSa blrduhd ls csgn [kq'k gw¡A

Anil S/o Sh. Ram MeharVillage Moi, Sonepat

This technique saves time and labour. Cost of

savings is reduced by Rs. 600-700 per acre. Less

occurrence of Phalaris and no crop lodging. This

absorbs the water quickly and yield increases by 2

q. I am very happy with this technique.

eSa fiNys 5 o"kksZa ls thjks fVyst fof/k ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djjgk gw¡A bldh tkudkjh eq>s mpkuh] ds-oh-dsls feyhA bllsigys ijEijkxr fof/k ls fctkbZ djus ds fy, 7 ckj tqrkbZdjrk FkkA ftlls vf/kd le; yxrk Fkk o [kpZ vf/kd vkrkFkkA ysfdu thjks fVy fof/k ls Qly fxjrh ugha gSA iSnkokjHkh vPNh gSA eSa bl fof/k ls larq"V gw¡A

Dharam Pal S/o Sh. Gaje SinghVillage Uchana, Karnal

I have been sowing wheat by this method for

the last five years. I got information about this from

KVK, Uchani. Before that I used to plough the field

seven times by conventional method of sowing

which took more time and required more cost.

There is no crop lodging in this method and it gives

good yield. I am satisfied with this method.

eSa thjks fVy ls fctkbZ lu~ 2000 ls dj jgk gw¡A blfof/k ls le; dh cpr gksrh gSA Qly ¼xsgw¡½ vPNh terh gSrFkk Qly ihyh Hkh ugha iM+rh gS o fxjrh Hkh de gSA e'khuifV;kyk ls ysdj vk;k FkkA cgqr cf<+;k rduhd gSA eSa blfof/k ls larq"V gw¡A

Sardar Jagir Singh S/o Sh. Labh SinghVillage Kachhwa, Karnal

I have been sowing wheat by zero tillage

method since 2000. This method saves time, gives

good germination and there is no yellowing of crop

and less lodging. I brought this machine from

Patiala. This is very good technique and I am

satisfied with this method.

Lku~ 1999 esa thjks fVyst cqokbZ dh tkudkjh feyhA blfof/k esa cht de yxrk gSA le; dh cpr Hkh gksrh gSA xsgw¡ dhteokj Bhd gS rFkk rst gokvksa ls Qly fxjrh Hkh ughaAeaMwlh Hkh de gksrh gSA iSnkokj cjkcj gksrh gSA ;g rduhdcgqr mi;ksxh gSA blls de [kpZ o de esgur esa mruhiSnkokj yh tk ldrh gSA

Sultan Singh S/o Sh. Harphool SinghVillage Bhaini Khurd, Karnal

I got information about zero tillage sowing in1999.There is less requirement of seed in thismethod. It saves time.There is good germination ofwheat, no lodging of crop due to strong wind, lessoccurrence of mandusi and almost equal yield.Thistechnique is very useful.This method gives asmuch yield as conventional method with less costand labour.

iM+kslh xkao ds fdlku us eq>s bl fof/k ls cqokbZ djus dhlykg nhA bl fof/k ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ le; ij dh tk ldrhgSA xsgw¡ dk teokj Bhd gksrk gSA ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcysQly de fxjrh gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA iSnkokjcjkcj gksrh gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dks de [kpZ rFkk vPNh iSnkokjds ckjs esa t:j crkrk gw¡A

Jarnail Singh S/o Sh. Avtar SinghVillage Rambha, Karnal

A farmer from neighbouring village suggestedme to sow the crop with this method.There is timelysowing of wheat.This method gives goodgermination and less lodging as compared toconventional method. There is less infestation ofmandusi and equal crop yield is obtained. I alwaystell other farmers about less cost and good yieldobtained by this method.

esjs fj'rsnkjksa us bl fof/k ds ckjs esa crk;k rks eSaus 2001 esanks ,dM+ esa xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ bl fof/k ls dhA blls 9&10 fnuigys gh fctkbZ laHko gks ldhA bl fof/k esa xsgw¡ Bhd terkgSA Qly ihyh ugha gksrhA eaMwlh de mxrh gS rFkk iSnkokj 5fDoaVy izfr gSDVs;j vf/kd gksrh gSA bl rduhd dks viukusls 900&1000 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA ;g xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dsfy, ;g cgqr vPNh rduhd gSA

Khuswant Singh S/o Sh. Jogender SinghVillage Rambha, Karnal

My relatives told me about this method and Isowed two acres of wheat in 2001. Sowing waspossible earlier by 9-10 days and there was goodgermination by this method. There is no yellowing,less occurrence of Phalaris and yield increased by5 q/ha. By adopting this technique Rs.900-1000can be saved. This is good technique of sowing ofwheat.

riM+ ds dud dh cqokbZ djus dh tkudkjh 1997 esafeyh FkhA blds fy, ds-oh-ds- mpkuh ls e'khu ysdj vkrk gw¡Ablls cqokbZ djus ls cht rFkk le; dh cpr gksrh gSA blfof/k ls Qly vPNh terh gSA ets dh ckr rks ;g fd Qlyigyh flapkbZ ds ckn ihyh ugha iM+rh vkSj rst gok ls Qlyfxjrh Hkh ugha gSA blls dudh Hkh de gksrh gS rFkk thjh dsQkus xy dj [kkn dk dke djrs gSa ftlls iSnkokj ijEijkxrfof/k ds eqdkcys c<+h gSA

Vinod Kumar S/o Sh. HaridasVillage Sultanpur, Karnal

I got information about zero tillage of wheat in

1997. I brought machine from KVK, Uchani for

this. This method saves time and seed, there is

good germination also. Interesting thing is that

there is no yellowing after first irrigation and no

lodging by heavy winds. There is less occurrence

of Phalaris and the rice residues add nutrients after

decomposition which increases yield as compared

to conventional method of sowing.

eSaus 1997 esa nks ,dM+ esa thjks fVyst dud dh cqokbZ dhFkhA mldk nwljh dud ls rdjhcu >kM+ cjkcj gh jgkA eSabl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡A bldh e'khu d`f"k foHkkx gfj;k.kk]djuky ls yk;k FkkA bl e'khu ls xkao esa Hkh fctkbZ djrk gw¡ftlls vPNh vkenuh gks tkrh gSA

Raghbir Singh S/o Sh. Sadhu RamVillage Sultanpur, Karnal

I got information about zero tillage of wheat in

1997. I sowed wheat in two acres in 1997 with the

help of zero tillage. The yield was same as that of

the other fields have with conventional method. I

am satisfied with this technique. I bought this

machine from Agril. Deptt., Karnal. I use to sow

wheat on custom hiring in my village which give me

good returns.

rkiM+ dh tkudkjh MkW0 lej flag ,p-,-;w- mpkuh us1997 esa nh Fkh ml lky eSaus 17 ,dM+ esa bls cqokbZ dh FkhAblls le; dh cpr gksrh gSA [kpkZ Hkh de vkrk gSA >kM3&4 fDoaVy vf/kd gksrh gSA bl lky esa 80 ,dM+ esa rkiM+ lscqokbZ dh gSA blds fy, eSaus viuh e'khu [kjhn yh gSA bldudh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA MkWDVj lkgc us gekjs fy,cgqr Qk;ns dh rduhd crk nhA

Narender Kumar S/o Sh. Ran SinghVillage Sultanpur, Karnal

Information about the technique was given by

Dr. Samar Singh of HAU in 1997. I carried out

sowing in 17 acres .It saves time as well as money.

Yield is 2-3 quintals per acre more. There is less

infestation of This time I have

carried out sowing in 80 acres. For this I have

purchased my own drill machine.

Phalaris minor.

thjks fVyst vkt ds le; lcls mRre o lLrk lk/kugSA eSa lu~ 2001 ls bl fof/k ls cqokbZ dj jgk gw¡A bl e'khu ls[kjirokj de mxrk gSA le; dh cpr gksrh gSA Qlyfxjrh ugha gSA 500 ls 1000 #0 rd dh cpr gksrh gSA eSa ble'khu ls larq"V gw¡A

Rajbir Singh S/o Sh. Nathu RamVillage Sultanpur, Karnal

Zero tillage is the cheapest and best

technique of present day. I have been using this

technique since 2001. There is less weed

infestation, saving of time. No lodging, saving of

Rs.500-1000. I am satisfied with this technology.

vf/kd iSnkokj] le; dh cpr] rsy dh cpr gksrh gSQly vPNh terh gSaA vkSj ihyh Hkh ugha iM+rh rFkk eaMwlh Hkhde mxrh gSA bl e'khu ds cqokbZ djus ls dud gok lsfxjrh ugha gSaA dudh Hkh de mxrh gSA [kkn Hkh de yxrhgSA eSa bl fof/k ls cgqr larq"V gw¡ vkSj nwljs fdlku Hkkb;ksa dksHkh bl fof/k dks viukus dh lykg nwaxkA

Ishwar Singh S/o Sh. Nathu RamVillage Sultanpur, Karnal

Good production, saving time and diesel,

good germination. No yellowing of crop and lower

infestation are the benefits of this

technique. There is no lodging of wheat due to

wind. Less fertilizer is needed. I am satisfied with

this technique and would recommend it to other

farmers also.

Phalaris minor

iM+kslh fdlku /keZohj us 2000 esa xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ

thjks fVyst ls djus dh lykg nhA eSaus vkB ,dM+ dh cqokbZ

dh] blls le; dh cpr gksrh gSA xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh

gSA igyh flapkbZ ds ckn ihykiu ugha gksrkA ijEijkxr fof/k

ds eqdkcys Qly fxjrh ughaA eaMwlh dk izdksi Hkh de gksrk

gSA bl fof/k ls 2 fDoaVy izfr gSDVs;j iSnkokj vf/kd gksrh gSA

eSa bl fof/k ls larq"V gw¡A

Sultan Singh S/o Sh. Ishwar SinghVillage Bhaini Khurd, Karnal

My neighbouring farmer Dharamvir suggested

me in 2000 to sow wheat by zero tillage. I sowed

eight acres and it also saves time. Germination of

wheat is good. The crop does not turn yellow after

first irrigation. The lodging of crop is less as

compared to conventional technique. Also there is

less occurrence of . The yield is

increased by about 2 q/ha using this technique. I

am satisfied with this technique.

Phalaris minor

ijEijkxr fof/k ls tqrkbZ djus ds fy, pkj ckj tqrkbZdjuh iM+rh gSA ysfdu vc dsoy fctkbZ djuh iM+h gSA thjksfVyst ls cqokbZ djus ls cht de yxrk gSA le; dh cprgksrh gS rFkk xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gSA igyh flapkbZ dsckn Qly ihyh ugha iM+rhA eaMwlh de mxrh gSA

Malkhan Singh S/o Sh. Amar Singh

Village Bhaini Khurd, Karnal

Four ploughings are required for sowing with

conventional method but sowing is done in only

one operation. Quantity of seed is required in zero

tillage method. It saves time and there is good

germination of wheat. No yellowing of wheat crop

after first irrigation and less germination of

Phalaris has been observed.

bl fof/k ls cqokbZ djus ls 9&10 fnu igys xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ

laHko gksrh gSA xsgw¡ dh teokj vPNh gksrh gSA fxjrh ugha gSA

eaMwlh Hkh de gksrh gSA iSnkokj ,d fDoaVy izfr gSDVs;j

vf/kd gksrh gSA eSa bl fof/k ls larq"V gw¡ vkSj bl fof/k ds ykHk

nwljs fdlkuksa dks crkrk gw¡A

Kuldeep Singh S/o Sh. Jaswant Singh

Village Rambha, Karnal

Early sowing by 9-10 days is possible by this

method. Good germination. No lodging. Less

occurrence of Phalaris. The yield increases by one

quintal per hectare. I am satisfied with this method

and the benefits of this method are told to other

farmers.

tc iatkc ds fdlku us eq>s thjks fVyst ds ckjs esacrk;k rks eq>s ml ij fo'okl ugha gqvk ysfdu tc 2000 esaeSaus bl fof/k ls dud dh cqokbZ dhA blesa cht Hkh de yxrkgS vkSj xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ esa nsjh ugha gqbZA xsgw¡ vPNk terk gSAQly igyh flapkbZ ds ckn ihyh ugha iM+rhA tc Qly cM+hgksus ds ckn rst gok ls fxjrh ugha gSA iSnkokj rks ijEijkxrfof/k ds cjkcj gksrh gS ijUrq [kpkZ de gksrk gS blesa izfr,dM+ 800&1000 #0 dh cpr gSA

Rajbir S/o Sh. Jiley SinghVillage Diwana, Panipat

I did not believe when a Punjabi farmer told

me about zero tillage but when I carried out sowing

of wheat in 2000. It used less seed rate and saved

time. Good grain. No yellowing of the crop after 1st

irrigation. No lodging of standing crop by winds.

Yield is same as that carried out by conventional

means but saving is upto Rs.800-1000

Lu~ 1999 esa esjs iM+kslh fdlku us eq>s bl fof/k ds ckjs esa

le>k;k rks eq>s ml ij fo'okl ugha gqvkA ysfdu fQj Hkh eSa

bl fof/k ls cqokbZ dj nhA Qly Bhd gh te xbZA tc igyk

ikuh fn;k rks Qly ihyh ugha iM+h vkSj rst gok ls Qly

fxjh Hkh ugha blls 700 #0 dh cpr gksrh gS vkSj iSnkokj Hkh

cjkcj gksrh gSA eSa bl fof/k ls cgqr larq"V gw¡A

Lolu Ram S/o Sh. Phoola RamVillage Sultanpur, Karnal

In 1999, my neighbouring farmer told me

about this technique but I could hardly believe him.

I did sowing and there were satisfactory returns.

After 1st irrigation, there was no yellowing and

lodging was also less. It saves upto Rs.700 and

gives good production. I am satisfied with this

technique.

;G ,d cgqr gh Qk;ns okyh rduhd gSA eSa vius lkjsxsgw¡ blh rduhd ls chtrk gw¡A bl fof/k ls cht dh cpr] rsydh cpr vkSj fctkbZ djhc ,d lIrkg igys gks tkrh gSA tehucgqr tYnh ikuh ih tkrh gSA blls xsgw¡ ihys ugha gksrs vkSjfxjrs Hkh ughaA dudh dk teokj fNM+ds okyh ds eqdkcys degksrk gSA iSnkokj cjkcj vkrh gSA ijUrq de [kpZ o de dke dsdkj.k ;g cgqr Qk;ns dk dke gSA

Darshan Singh S/o Sh. Lal SinghVillage Humaunpur, Ambala

It saves diesel and time. Sowing is completedalmost one week early. Infiltration rate is higherthan conventional tillage. It saves crop fromharmfull effects of stagnant water. Because of thiscrop does not turn yellow and does not lodge.Germination of is less as comparedto broadcasting. Less expenditure and less labourare the other advantages of this technology.

Phalaris minor

Thjks fVy e'khu dkQh mi;ksxh ,oa lLrh fof/k gSA[kpZ 600&700 #0 izfr ,dM+ de] lkFk esa le; dhcpr] Qly dh idM+ etcwr gksrh gS] fxjrh ugha tcfdtqrkbZ okyh xsgw¡ flapkbZ ds ckn gok pyus ls fxj tkrhgS vkSj iSnkokj de vkrh gSA dudh de vkrh gS iSnkokjtqrkbZ okyh ds cjkcj gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls dkQhlUrq"V gw¡ vkSj esjs ikl viuh e'khu gSA

Sher Singh S/o Sh. Munshi SinghVillage Humaunpur, Ambala

Zero tillage is more useful and cheaptechnology. Expenditure Rs. 600-700/acre less,saving of time, better root growth, no lodging, less

infastation. We are highly satisfiedwith this system and purchased own zero tillagemachine.

Phalaris minor

lu~ 2001 esa eSaus bl rduhd dks FkksM+s ,fj;k esa ij[k djns[kkA blds ckn e'khu yhA eSa bl rduhd ls gj lky 85,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djrk gw¡A igys 10&12 tqrkbZ djuhiM+rh Fkh rsy Hkh cgqr yxrk Fkk] le; Hkh cgqr yxrk Fkk vkSjfctkbZ nsj ls gksrh FkhA VSªDVj fnu&jkr pyrk FkkA nks lkyesa batu ca/kokuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj fQj Hkh fNaVs fof/k ls fctkbZgksrh Fkh ij tc ls thjks fVyst e'khu vkbZ] Qk;nk gh Qk;nkgSA blesa 10 fdyks cht izfr ,dM+ de yxrk gSA rsy Hkh ,dpkSFkkbZ yxrk gSA VªSDVj dbZ lky pyrk gS vkSj ,d vkneh10&15 fnu esa lkjk [ksr cht nsrk gSA Qly u ihyh iM+rh gSu fxjus dh ijs'kkuh] u dudh dh ijs'kkuh vkSj iSnkokjcjkcjA igyk ikuh FkksM+k tYnh nsuk iM+rk gSA ;g rduhdfdlku ds fy, ojnku lkfcr gqbZ gSA

Harbans Singh S/o Sh. Surjeet SinghVillage Matehri Shekhan, Ambala

In first year I adopted zero tillage on smallscale. Now we use this technique on larger scale.Before adoption of this technology, 10-12ploughings were required to prepare the field.Diesel consumption was very high and sowing wasalways delayed. Repair cost of tractor was alsovery high, but after adoption of zero tillage wholefield is sown only in 10-15 days. Saving of 10kg/acre seed and diesel consumption reduces upto one third. Crop neither lodges nor turn yellow.

problem is also solved. It hasproved a blessing for the farmers.Phalaris minor

thjks fVyst rduhd ds ckjs esa ds-oh-dsls irk pyk vkSjns[kkA blds ckn e'khu ekax dj xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djrk gw¡AMhty de yxrk gS] thjks fVy e'khu ls fctkbZ djus ij 15fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA cht de yxrk gSA Mkdjtehu esa ;g rduhd cgqr dke;kc gSA ijEijkxr fof/k dseqdkcys tehu ikuh tYnh ih tkrh gSA Qly fxjrh Hkh ughaAMkdj tehu ds fy, cgqr gh mi;ksxh gS] iSnkokj vf/kd] [kpZdeA nwljs fdlkuksa dks lykg nsuk pkgw¡xk fd Mkdj tehuij thjks fVy dk iz;ksx gh djsaA

Gurmej Singh S/o Sh. Gurdev SinghVillage Naddyali, Ambala

Saving of diesel cost, 15 days early sowing. Inheavy soil, this technology is very much effective.Water absorption in soil is more as compared toconventional tillage. Higher yield, less expenditureand no lodging are main advantages. I advisefarmers that they must use zero tillage in heavysoils.

igyh ckj iM+kslh xkao esa thjks fVy dh fctkbZ ns[khAQqVko cgqr vPNk Fkk] iSnkokj Hkh vPNh gqbZA bl fof/k ls20&25 yhVj Mhty de yxrk gSA bl rduhd ls le; dhcpr rks gksrh gh gS] lkFk gh iSnkokj Hkh c<+rh gSA [kjirokjdk izdksi Hkh de gksrk gSA bl rduhd ls [kpkZ Hkh de gksrkgS] blfy, fdlku Hkkb;ksa dks bls viukuk pkfg,A

Kulwant Singh S/o Sh. Ram ChanderVill. Matehri Shekhan, Ambala

First time. Higher yield, more tillering and lessweed infastation. Saves 20-25 l/acre diesel andsaving of time and money. I suggest other farmersto adopt zero tillage technology.

thjks fVy ls xsg¡w cqokbZ dh rduhd dkQh Qk;nseUn gSAizfro"kZ vius 40 ,dM+ cksus ds vykok nwljs fdlkuksa ds djhc200 ,dM+ esa bl e'khu ls fctkbZ dk dk;Z fd;kA fctkbZ dk;Zgsrq 250 #0 izfr ,dM+ fdjk;k izkIr fd;kA bl rduhd ls5&7 fnu igys xsg¡w dh fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA xsg¡w dh Hkjiwjteokj] eaMwlh dh deh gksrh gSA iSnkokj esa c<+ksÙkjh gksrh gSA

Om Parkash S/o Sh. Kashi RamVillage Pirthala, Fatehabad

Zero tillage technique for wheat sowing is

quite useful. Every year apart from sowing of my

40 acres of land I also sow about 200 acres of

other farmers’ fields with my machine. I charge Rs.

250 per acre for sowing with the help of this

technique. Wheat can be sown 5-7 days earlier. It

leads to better emergence of wheat crop, less

incidence of and increase in yield of the

crop.

Phalaris

fdlku esys esa iznf'kZr thjks fVy rduhd ls izHkkforgksdj lu~ 2000 esa ;g e'khu [kjhn yh rFkk rc ls vc rdvius djhc 28 ,dM+ esa bldk yxkrkj iz;ksx dj jgs gSaAD;ksafd bl rduhd }kjk tqrkbZ] Mhty] le; o etnwjh dhcpr gksus ds lkFk&lkFk [kjirokj dh leL;k Hkh de gkstkrh gSA ;gh ugha] xsgw¡ dh iSnkokj esa Hkh 4 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+dh o`f) gqbZ gSA bl rduhd ls iwjh rjg larq"V gw¡A

Shivraj S/o Sh. AmarchandVillage Pirthala, Fatehabad

Inspired by the exhibition of zero tillage

technique in the Kisan Mela, I bought the machine

in the year 2000 and since then I have been

continuously using it in my 28 acres of land, as it

results in saving of diesel, time and labour and also

reduces the weed incidence. It has also resulted in

increased yields to the tune of about 4 quintals per

acre. I am fully satisfied with the technique.

xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ 7&10 fnu igys gks tkrh gSA ijEijkxrfof/k dh vis{kk thjks fVy rduhd ls cqokbZ djus ij 70izfr'kr rd Mhty dh cpr gksrh gSA flapkbZ ds le; esa cprgksrh gS rFkk flapkbZ ds ckn gok pyus ij Qly de fxjrhgSA eaMwlh [kjirokj dh leL;k de gksrh gSA

Darshan Singh S/o Sh. Jagmail SinghVillage Pirthala, Fatehabad

Sowing of wheat is possible 7-10 days prior

and upto 70% diesel is saved when sowing is done

with zero tillage technique as compared to the

conventional method. Irrigation takes less time and

less lodging is there due to wind after irrigation.

The incidence of Phalaris weed is also reduced.

thjks fVyst rduhdh xsgw¡&/kku Qly pØ ds fy, ,dojnku fl) gqbZ gSA d`f"k oSKkfudksa }kjk fn;s x;s izksRlkgu dsdkj.k eSa fiNys lkr o"kksZa ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ thjks fVy lsdjrk vk jgk gw¡A ;gh ugha] fiNys nks o"kksZa ls eSa /kku dh Qlydks fcuk dnnw fd, lQyrkiwoZd ys jgk gw¡A bl fof/k ls xsgw¡dh tqrkbZ esa izfr ,dM+ 550 #Ik;s rFkk 2 ?kaVs dh le; dhcpr gksrh gSA eaMwlh dk teko 20 izfr'kr de gksrk gSAQly fxjrh ugha gS rFkk iSnkokj 2 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+ vf/kdizkIr gksrh gSA

Radhey Shyam Bangar S/o Sh. BhagirathVillage Pirthala, Fatehabad

Zero tillage technique has proved to be a boon for

the rice-wheat rotation. I have been sowing wheat with

this technique for the past seven years after being

encouraged by the Agriculture Scientists. Not only

this, for the last two years I have been taking the rice

crop under condition. Zero tillage technique leads to a

saving of Rs. 550 per acre and 2 hours of time for the

sowing of wheat. 20% reduction in the emergence of

Phalaris is there. The crop does not lodge and yield is

increased to about 2 quintals per acre.

thjks fVyst rduhd ds ckjs esa loZizFke gfj;k.kk d`f"kfo'ofo|ky; oSKkfudksa ls tkudkjh feyhA igys lky esa eSausdsoy 2 ,dM+ xsgw¡ bl rduhd ls cks;k rFkk bl rduhd dhlQyrk ds ckjs esa vk'oLr gksus ds ckn yxkrkj 30 ,dM+ esathjks fVy xsgw¡ cks jgk gw¡A xsgw¡ dh teokj cf<+;k gksrh gSAQly de fxjrh gS rFkk [kjirokj Hkh de mxrh gSA

Uday Singh S/o Sh. Amrit LalVillage Ferozpur, Kaithal

I got information on zero tillage for the first time

from the scientists of HAU. In the first year I did sowing

in two acres by this technique and when I got sure

about its success every year I use to sow wheat on 30

acres with this technique. The crop emergence is

good, it lodges less and the incidence of weeds is also

less.

thjks fVyst rduhd }kjk [ksr dh rS;kjh esa yxHkx 600#Ik;s izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gqbZA igys [ksr esa 6 ckj VªSDVjpyrk FkkA vc ,d ckj esa lkjk dke gksus dh otg ls le;dh dkQh cpr gqbZ gSA ijEijkxr fof/k ds iz;ksx ds nkSjku/kku ds Qkus e'khu ds vkxs vM+rs FksA vc thjks fVy ls fctkbZQkuksa ds chp esa gks tkrh gS rFkk ;s Qkus xyus ij [kkn dkdke Hkh djrs gSaA xsgw¡ dk Hkjiwj teokj gksus ds dkj.k iSnkokjHkh vPNh gksrh gSA ykxr ?kVus dh otg ls ;g rduhdfdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lq/kkjus esa ykHknk;d lkfcr gqbZgSA

Balwinder Singh S/o Sh. Mukhtyar SinghVillage Malikpur, Kaithal

About Rs. 600 per acre are saved by usingzero tillage for field preparation. Earlier the tractorwas used about six times in a field, whereas now itis used only once and hence saving a considerableamount of time. With conventional method thestubbles of rice cause problems in the operation ofmachinery but with zero till drill sowing is done inbetween the rows and these stubbles serve as agood mulch after decomposition. Wheat yield isalso very good due to better crop emergence. Asthis technique has reduced the production cost soit has proved to be very useful in raising theeconomic standard of the farmers.

d`f"k oSKkfudksa dh lykg ij lu~ 1997&98 esa blrduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k rFkk bl o"kZ yxHkx 50 ,dM+ blhe'khu }kjk cks j[ks gSaA blls Qly de fxjrh gS rFkk ihysiudh leL;k Hkh de vkrh gSA xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ 7&10 fnu tYnhgks tkrh gSA

Vakeel Singh S/o Sh. HarkeshVillage Malikpur, Kaithal

I used this technique in 1997-98 afterrecommended by the Agriculture Scientists and atpresent I have sown 50 acres by this technique. Itresults in less lodging of the crop and the problemof yellowing of crop is also reduced. Also sowing ofwheat is done 7-10 days earlier.

thjks fVyst rduhd xsgw¡&/kku Qly pØ okys fdlkuksads cgqr gh mi;ksxh gSA N% ,dM+ tehu esa bl rduhd dkiz;ksx djus ds ckn vkt bldk ç;ksx 40 ,dM+ rd c<+kfy;k gSA fdlku Hkkb;ksa dks vkfFkZd ykHk nsus ds lkFk&lkFk;g rduhd mudk le; Hkh cpkrh gSA ijEijkxr fof/k dseqdkcys xsgw¡ dk teko Hkjiwj gksrk gS rFkk gok pyus ij Qlyfxjrh Hkh ugha gSA fdlku Hkkb;ksa dks lykg nsuk pkgw¡xk fd osvPNh xq.koRrk dh e'khu gh [kjhnsaA

Hukam SinghVillage Malikpur, Kaithal

Zero-tillage technology is very useful for thefarmers of rice-wheat cropping system. After using insix acres, now i have expended the area upto 40acres. This technology is not only economical butalso saves time of farmer. When compared toconventional method, wheat germination os verygood and there is no lodging of crop due to winds. Iwill like to advise the farmers to buy quality machineonly.

thjks fVyst rduhd ls dkQh izHkkfor gqvkA nks o"kZ iwoZviuh e'khu [kjhn yhA Lo;a dh 10 ,dM+ tehu ds vfrfjDrxkao ds vU; fdlkuksa ds tehu ij Hkh bldk mi;ksx fd;kAblds }kjk tgk¡ ,d vksj le; o Mhty dh cpr gksrh gS oghaetnwjh o e'khujh dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA Qly dh Hkjiwjteokj gksus ds lkFk&lkFk fxjus dh leL;k Hkh dkQh gn rdde gks tkrh gSA thjks fVy [ksrksa esa eaMwlh dk izdksi dkQhde gks tkrk gS ijUrq pwgksa dh leL;k vkrh gSA

Mam Chand S/o Sh. Randhir SinghVillage Barot, Kaithal

I was very much influenced by the zero tillagetechnique. I bought my machine two years ago. Iused it on other farmers' fields also, apart from my 10acres of land. It saves time and diesel on one handwhile machinery & labour on the other. Cropemergence is better and lodging is reduced to amuch extent. It also reduces the Phalaris problem butproblem of rats does come.

eSaus 2 lky igys Vh-oh- ij thjks fVyst ls fctkbZ ds ckjsesa lquk Fkk vkSj rc ls eSa bldh fctkbZ 200 #0 izfr ,dM+fdjk, ij djok jgk gw¡ tcfd igys esjk cqokbZ ij 800 #0izfr ,dM+ dk [kpkZ vkrk FkkA bldh fctkbZ ls eq>s vusdQk;ns gq, tSls fd cht dh cpr] le; dh cpr] de [kkndk iz;ksx] de flapkbZ vkSj vf/kd iSnkokj vU; cqokbZ dseqdkcys gqbZ gSA ijUrq bldh fctkbZ ls Qly fxjus ij izHkkoHkh ugha iM+rk gS vkSj igyh flapkbZ ij Qly ihyh gks tkrhgSA eSa vc bl fctkbZ ls jkth gw¡A

Gurvinder Singh S/o Sh. Saya RamVillage Khanpur, Ambala

Two years ago I came to know about zerotillage from television and since then I have beenusing it. Sowing with zero till drill with Rs. 200 peracre as compared to sowing by conventionalmethod which used to cost Rs. 800 per acre. Ihave been benefited manifolds by the techniquelike saving of seed, saving of time, use of lesserfertilizers, loss of irrigation and increased yields ascompared to other methods of saving. I amsatisfied with the technique.

thjks fVyst fof/k dh tkudkjh loZizFke gfj;k.kkd`f"k fo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfud MkW0 vkj- ds- efyd usnhA fiNys 3 o"kksZa esa 20 ,dM+ esa thjks fVyst xsgw¡ ysus ijik;k fd bl rduhd ls eaMwlh dk izdksi 35 izfr'kr degks tkrk gS rFkk flapkbZ ds ikuh esa Hkh 30 izfr'kr cprgksrh gSA xsgw¡ dh Qly de fxjrh gS rFkk djhc 800#Ik;s izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gSA

Harpal Singh S/o Sh. Foza SinghVillage Laloda, Fatehabad

Dr. R. K. Malik, Scientist, CCSHAU, Hisar was

the first person who told us about the zero tillage.

While sowing wheat in 20 acres with the help of

zero tillage for the last three years I found that it

resulted in nearly 35% reduction in the Phalaris

population and nearly 30% reduction in the amount

of irrigation water being applied. Lodging of the

wheat crop is also reduced. Zero tillage technique

leads to a saving of about Rs. 800 per acre.

thjks fVyst fMªy ls le; ,oa /ku dh cpr gksrhgSA flapkbZ djrs le; ikuh de le; esa yx tkrk gSftlls ikuh dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA tehu dh feV~Vh uiyVus ds dkj.k eaMwlh dh teokj dkQh de gks tkrhgSA Qly dk teokj vPNk gksrk gS rFkk ;g dqjaM Hkhugha gksrhA fxjus dh Hkh dksbZ leL;k ugha gSA blrduhd ls dkQh larq"V gw¡A

Ganesh Dass Batra S/o Sh. Bhim SenVillage Laloda, Fatehabad

Zero tillage drill saves both time and money.

Irrigation takes less time which results in saving of

water. The emergence of Phalaris is reduced to a

great extent as the soil is not disturbed much. The

crop emergence is very good and soil crusting is

also reduced in this technique. It also eliminates

the problem of lodging. I am quite satisfied with the

technique.

ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkyrs izfr ,dM+ 500 #Ik;s dhcpr gksus ds lkFk&lkFk 3 ?kaVs le; dh Hkh cpr gksrhgSA xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gS rFkk mit Hkh 4 fd-@,dM+ vf/kd gksrh gSA tehu dh lrg esa de cht cSadgksus ds dkj.k eaMwlh dk izdksi dkQh de gksrk gSA

Darshan Singh S/o Sh. Desa SinghVillage Laloda, Fatehabad

Zero tillage technique not only results in saving

of Rs. 500 per acre but also 3 hours time as

compated to sowing by conventional method. The

crop emergence is very good and yield is increased

to 4 quintals per acre. The nuisance of Phalaris is

also reduced considerably due to the reduction in the

seed bank of the weed in the soil profile.

eSa lu~ 1999 ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ thjks fMªy ls djrkvk jgk gw¡A le; o flapkbZ dh cpr] vf/kd iSnkokj] de[kjirokj] fctkbZ ds [kpsZ esa cpr thjks fVyst rduhdus /kku& xsgw¡a Qly pØ esa ,d ubZ Økafr yk nh gSA

Mukhtyar Singh S/o Sh. Desa SinghVillage Laloda, Fatehabad

I have been sowing wheat with the help of zero

till drill since 1999. It leads to saving of time and

irrigation water, increased yields, less weed

population and reduction in the cost of cultivation.

Zero tillage technique has brought a new revolution

in the rice-wheat rotation.

eSa fiNys 6 o"kksZa ls thjks fVy dk iz;ksx dj jgk gw¡rFkk bl o"kZ djhc 35 ,dM+ esa thjks fVy xsgw¡ ys jgk gw¡Abl rduhdh tqrkbZ ds nkSjku 15 yhVj izfr ,dM+ Mhtydh cpr gksrh gS rFkk le; Hkh ,d frgkbZ yxrk gSA Qlyde fxjrh gS rFkk eaMwlh de iSnk gksrh gSA xsg¡w dsvfrfjDr vU; Qlyksa tSls Tokj] eDdh] tkS] tbZ rFkkljlksa esa Hkh lQykiwoZd iz;ksx dh gSA bl rduhd ls iwjhrjg larq"V gw¡ rFkk vU; fdlkuksa dks lykg nwaxk fd xsgw¡ dsvykok vU; Qlyksa esa bldk iz;ksx djsaA

Seva Singh S/o Sh. Jasbir SinghVillage Nangla, Fatehabad

I have been using zero tillage technique for the

last six years. This year I have sown wheat in 35

acres by zero tillage. This technique saves 15 litres

diesel per acre during field preparation and time

requirement is also reduced to nearly one third as

compared to conventional method. Less lodging of

the crop and reduction in the emergence of Phalaris

are other benefits of the technique. Apart from wheat

this technique has also been tested successfully in

other crops like sorghum, maize, barley, oats and

mustard. I am fully satisfied with the technique and

suggest other farmers to use this technique in crops

other than wheat also.

thjks fVy cqokbZ dh vPNh rduhd gS ftlls xsgw¡ dhvPNh iSnkokj gks ldrh gSA thjks rduhd ls cksbZ xsg¡w dqjaMugha gksrh rFkk fxjrh Hkh de gSA flapkbZ esa de le; yxusds lkFk&lkFk izfr ,dM+ djhc 700 #i;s dh cpr gksrh gSAcqokbZ ds le; cht iryh njkj esa fxjrk gS rFkk bl dkj.kIk{kh bls pqx ugha ldrsA

Harpreet Singh S/o Sh. Amreek SinghVillage Nangla, Fatehabad

Zero tillage is a good sowing technique whichleads to better yield of the wheat crop. Sowing withzero tillage reduces the soil crust formation andlodging is also less. It leads to a saving of aboutRs.700 per acre and helps in application of irrigationwater in less time. The seed falls deeper into anarrow furrow at the time of sowing and that is why itis also not picked up by the birds.

d`f"k foHkkx }kjk tkudkjh ysus ds ckn eSa fiNys 7 o"kksZals thjks fVy xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djrk vk jgk gw¡A bl rduhd lscht dh 25 izfr'kr rFkk 25 yhVj izfr ,dM+ Mhty dh cprgksrh gSA ,d frgkbZ le; cprk gS rFkk Qly dk fxjuk 90izfr'kr rd de gks tkrk gSA flapkbZ dks de le; yxrk gSrFkk eaMwlh dk izdksi 25 izfr'kr rd de gks tkrk gSAijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys vPNh teokj o ikS/kksa dh vf/kdla[;k gksus ds dkj.k mit c<+ tkrh gSA vPNs teko ds fy,cqokbZ ds le; [ksr esa Ik;kZIr ueh gksuh pkfg,A

Kulwant Singh S/o Sh. Ishwar SinghVillage Nangla, Fatehabad

I have been sowing wheat with zero tillagetechnique for the past seven years after getting theinformation from the Agriculture Deptt. It results inreduction in seed rate upto 25% and nearly 25 litresdiesel per acre. About one third time is saved andlodging is reduced upto 90%. Irrigation also takesless time and the nuisance of Phalaris is reduced toabout 25%. Yield is increased considerably ascompared to conventional method due to better cropemergence and good crop stand. The field shouldhave enough moisture at the time of sowing forproper germination of the seeds.

iM+kslh xkao esa thjks fMªy rduhd }kjk cksbZ xbZ xsg¡w dkvoyksdu djus ds ckn lu~ 2000 esa d`f"k foHkkx ds lg;ksx lsthjks fVy e'khu [kjhn yhA viuh 8 ,dM+ Hkwfe ds vykok xkao esavU; fdlkuksa ds ;gka Hkh xsg¡w dh cqokbZ dhA bl rduhd ls tgka15 yhVj izfr ,dM+ Mhty dh cpr gksrh gS ogha ,d frgkbZle; Hkh cprk gSA de [kjirokj rFkk de fxjus ds dkj.kiSnkokj vPNh gksrh gSA ;gh ugha nwljh Qlyksa tSls eDdk oTokj esa Hkh bldk lQyrkiwoZd iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Parmod Kumar S/o Sh. Krishan RathiVillage Tharwa, Fatehabad

I bought zero till drill in 2000 with the help of

Agriculture Deptt. after examining the technique in

the nearby village.Apart from my eight acres of land I

also did sowing in other farmers’ fields. This

technique helps save 15 litres diesel per acre and

one third of time. The yield is also increased due to

less lodging and reduction in weed population. It can

also be successfully tested in other crops like maize

and sorghum.

'kq#vkr esa 2001&2002 esa dsoy 2 ,dM+ esa bl rduhddk bLrseky fd;k FkkA blds urhtksa ls izHkkfor gksdj vkxkeho"kksZa esa 25 ,dM+ Hkwfe esa bldk iz;ksx fd;kA le; o flapkbZ esacpr gksus ds lkFk 450 #i;s izfr ,dM+ dh cpr Hkh gksrh gSA dqyfeykdj thjks fVyst rduhd }kjk de ykxr esa vPNh iSnkokjyh tk ldrh gSA

Surja Ram S/o Sh. SheokaranVillage Tharwa, Fatehabad

Initially in 2001-02 I adopted this technique on

two acres only. After seeing its good results I used

this technique on 25 acres in the next years. Apart

from sowing in irrigation water and time it results in a

saving of Rs. 450 per acre. One can take good yields

at low cost with the help of zero tillage.

/kku&xsgw¡ Qly pØ ds fy, ;g rduhd cgqrmi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ gSA fiNys 5 o"kksZa ds vuqHko ds vuqlkjbl rduhd ls u dsoy tqrkbZ ds le; esa cpr gksrh gScfYd 15 yhVj izfr ,dM+ Mhty Hkh cprk gSA flapkbZ dsnkSjku de le; yxrk gS ,oa Qly de fxjrh gSA ihysiudh leL;k ugha vkrhA eaMwlh dh teokj de gksrh gS rFkkiSnkokj esa djhc 4 fDao0 izfr ,dM+ dh c<+r gksrh gSA eSa blrduhd ls iwjh rjg larq"V gw¡A

Aasa Ram S/o Sh. Ramkaran Lohamrod

Village Pirthala, Fatehabad

For rice-wheat rotation this technique has

proved to be very useful. This technique not only

saves time during field preparation but also saves

diesel upto15 litres per acre. Less time is required for

irrigation and less lodging of the crop is there. The

problem of yellowing of crop is also reduced and the

emergence of Phalaris is also less. It also leads to an

increase. I am fully satisfied with the technique.

eSa fiNys nks o"kksZaa ls thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZdj jgk gw¡A [ksr dh rS;kjh esa yxHkx izfr ,dM+ 700 #0 dhcpr gqbZA xsgw¡ esa ihysiu o fxjus dh leL;k dkQh de gqbZgSA fdlkuksa dks vPNh xq.koRrk dh e'khu iz;ksx djuh pkfg,A

Ranbir Singh S/o Sh. Prem SinghVillage Ferozpur, Kaithal

I have been sowing wheat by zero till drill forthe last two years. It leads to a saving of aboutRs. 700 per acre in field preparation. Theyellowness and lodging problems of the crop arealso reduced. Farmers should use zero till drill ofgood quality.

fo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfudksa ls feyh tkudkjh ds ckn ghlu~ 2002 ls thjks fVyst e'khu dk iz;ksx dj jgk gw¡A blrduhd ls tgk¡ ,d vksj tqrkbZ ds le;] Mhty ,oa chtek=k dh cpr gksrh gS] ogha nwljh vksj de teokj] ihysiu ;kQly fxjus vkfn dh leL;k;sa cgqr de gks tkrh gSaA[kjirokj esa Hkh deh vkrh gSA

Jasbir Singh S/o Sh. Jai SinghVillage Ferozpur, Kaithal

I have been using zero tillage drill since 2002after being informed by the scientists of theuniversity. On one hand it reduces the time of fieldpreparation, amount of seed and quantity of dieseland on the other it reduces the problems ofyellowing and lodging of crops to a great extent. Italso reduces the weed problem particularly ofPhalaris.

'kq:vkr esa bl rduhd dh lQyrk ds ckjs esa dqN 'kadkFkh tks bls iz;ksx djus ds ckn lekIr gks xbZA le; dh cprgksus ds lkFk izfr ,dM+ 700 #i;s Hkh cprs gSaA izfr ,dM+ 5fdyksxzke cht de yxrk gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA

Balbir Singh S/o Sh. Risal SinghVillage Ferozpur, Kaithal

In the beginning there were some hesitationsabout success of this technology which weregradually dominated with its use. Apart from savingin time Rs. 700 per acre are also saved. About 5 kgless seed is needed per acre and the nuisance ofPhalaris is also reduced.

eSa foxr 7&8 o"kksZa ls gfj;k.kk d`f"k fo'ofo|ky; dsoSKkfudksa ds lEidZ esa gw¡A mUgha ls feyh tkudkjh ,oaizksRlkgu ds dkj.k eSaus loZizFke xkao esa thjks fVyst rduhdls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djkbZA blls tqrkbZ esa djhc 700 #0 izfr,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gSA eaMwlh de iSnk gksrh gSA xsgw¡ dhteokj cf<+;k gksrh gSA

Ram Kumar S/o Sh. Hari SinghVillage Ferozpur, Kaithal

I have been in touch with the universityscientists for the past 7-8 years. Because of theinformation and application which I got from them Iwas the first person in my village to use the zerotillage technique for wheat sowing. It saves aboutRs. 700 per acre. Phalaris infestation is reducedand the emergence of wheat crop is better than ascompared to conventional method.

iM+kslh fdlku ls feyh tkudkjh ds Ik'pkr~ fiNys o"kZeSaus 4 ,dM+ esa thjks fVyst fMªy ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dh Fkhftlesa eq>s 600 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh nj ls tqrkbZ esa cpr gqbZrFkk le; cpkA fNM+dko fof/k ds eqdkcys 2 fdyksxzke izfr,dM+ iSnkokj dh c<+ksrjh gqbZA eSa bl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡rFkk vU; fdlkuksa dks Hkh bls viukus dh lykg nw¡xkA

Rajbir Singh S/o Sh. Jeeta RamVillage Ferozpur, Kaithal

Last year after being informed by myneighbour I did sowing of wheat by zero till drill inmy four acres of land thereby saving Rs. 600 peracre and a considerable time. Yield increased tothe tune of 2 quintals per acre as compared tobroadcasting method of sowing. I am satisfied withtechnique and recommend this technique to otherfarmers also.

vklikl ds fdlkuksa ds ;gk¡ bl rduhd dh lQyrkns[kdj bl o"kZ eSuas Hkh bls viuk;kA bl rduhd ds dbZykHk gSa tSls fd le; dh cpr] Mhty dh cpr] VªSDVj oe'khu dh de f?klkbZ] cht dh cpr ] eaMwlh dk de tekorFkk xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokjA dqy feykdj ;g rduhd de[kpsZ ij vPNk mRiknu ysus dk dkjxj ek/;e gSA

Ajmer Singh S/o Riablu RamVillage Rasoolpur (Mandi) Kaithal

I also adopted zero tillage technique thisyear after watching its success with theneighbouring farmers.This technique has manyadvantages e. g. saving of time, diesel, seed, lesswear and tear of tractors and other machinery, lessemergence of Phalaris and good emergence ofwheat crop. In short, this technique is an effectivemeans to get good yields on low cost.

;g fof/k viukus ls cht dh cpr gksrh gSA ikuh dh[kir Hkh de gksrh gSA thjks fVyst dh fof/k ls le; dh cprgksrh gSA fctkbZ 5&7 fnu igys gks tkrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls[kq'k gw¡A

Ved Parkash S/o Sh. Ishwar SinghVillege Matehari Shekhan, Ambala

Zero tillage saves irrigation water, diesel and

sowing 5-7 days earlier. I am satisfied with this

technology.

eSa lu~ 2000 ls 40 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ viuh thjks fVye'khu ls dj jgk gw¡A bl rduhd ls cgqr Qk;nk gqvk rsy Hkhcgqr de yxrk gSA Qly ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys defxjrh gSA thjks fVyst dh fof/k ls [kjirokj de gksrh gSAle; dh cpr gksrh gSA xsgw¡ dh teokj Hkh Hkjiwj gS] ftllsiSnkokj esa o`f) gksrh gSA

Arjun Singh S/o Sh. Sadhu SinghVillage Sakraon, Ambala

I have been using zero tillage technique since

2000 in 40 acres of land. This technology proves

very beneficial, saving of time and diesel cost.

Better germination and less weed infastation. More

yield than conventional sowing.

igys eq>s fctkbZ djus esa dbZ fnu yxrs FksA thjksfVyst ls eSa fctkbZ esa 5&7 fnu cpk ysrk gw¡] rFkk 1000 #i;sizfr ,dM+ [kpkZ de gksrk gSA cht esa Hkh 5 fdyksxzke dh cprgksrh gSA Qly Hkh de fxjrh gSA [kjirokj dk izdksi degksrk gS] ijUrq pkSM+h iRrh okyh T;knk gksrh gSA ikuh dh ekjde gksrh gSA esjs xk¡o esa bl rduhd ls dkQh fctkbZ gksrh gSA

Sarwan Singh S/o Sh. Jaimal SinghVillage Sakraon, Ambala

In zero tillage, 5-7 days earlier sowing, less

expenditure and saving of Rs. 1000/acre are major

benefits. No lodging and less weed infastation is

also there. It saves crop from harmful effects of

stagnant water. In my village, this technology

covers large area.

bl rduhd ds ckjs esa ds-oh-ds- vEckyk ls irk pykA eSalu~ 2001 ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ thjks ls djrk gw¡A bl rduhddks viukus ls 1000 #i;s izfr ,dM+ [kpZ de gksrk gSA bllsle; dh cpr gksrh gSA cht dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA Mkdjtehu esa cgqr dke;kc gS vkSj cgqr iSnkokj nsrk gSA Mkdjtehu esa iSnkokj nksxquh gks xbZ] 7&8 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+iSnkokj c<+ xbZA deky dh rduhd gS Qk;nk gh Qk;nkAMkdj tehu okys fdlkuksa dks bls t:j viukuk pkfg,A

Jaipal Singh S/o Sh. Sarwan SinghVillage Sakraon, Ambala

I knew about this technology from KVK,

Ambala. It saves time and diesel, less expenditure

upto Rs. 1000/acre. In heavy soils, this technology

is very beneficial. Yield becomes double in heavy

soils. Yield increase upto 7-8 q/acre. A very good

technology it is and farmers with fields having

heavy soil must adopt this.

thjks fVyst dh rduhd ls le; dh cpr gksrh gSA[kjirokj esa deh gksrh gS] ij pkSM+h iÙkh okys T;knk gksrs gSaAQly Hkh de fxjrh gSA bl rduhd ls ikuh dh Hkh cprgksrh gSA ikuh de yxrk gS lcls T;knk ykHk rks rsy dh cprls gksrk gSA bl rduhd ds viukus ls 20&25 yhVj rsy deyxrk gS ftlls 700&800 #0 izfr ,dM+ equkQk gksrk gSAiSnkokj cjkcj vkrh gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dks lykg nsuk pkgrkgw¡ fd bl rduhd dks t:j viuk,aA igys FkksM+s {ks= esa djdsns[ksaA

Gurpal Singh S/o Sh. Mahendra SinghVillage Naggal, Ambala

Zero tillage technique saves time, diesel and

reduces germination of weeds. Diesel consumption

is 20-25 l/acre less and in this technique less

irrigation water is used. It saves Rs. 700-800/acre.

I suggest the farmers to adopt this technology.

bl rduhd ls le; dh cpr gksrh gS] 1000&1200 #0izfr ,dM+ [kpZ de vkrk gS A [kjirokj de mxrk gS] chtiwjk terk gS] iSnkokj vPNh gS A

Shobhraj S/o Sh.Tek ChandVillage Kheri Lakkha Singh, Yamunanagar

In this technology, time as well as Rs. 1000-

1200/acre are saved. Less expenditure as

compared to conventional tillage, less weed

infastation and higher yield are other advantages.

bl rduhd dh tksr esa 800&900 #0 izfr ,dM+

cpr gSA le; dh cpr] tM+ vPNh gksrh gSA blls

Qly fxjrh ugha] u gh ihyh iM+rh gSA blls iSnkokj Hkh

c<+rh gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dks dgrk gw¡ fd bl rduhd dks

viukus esa dksbZ 'kadk u djsa] dksbZ uqdlku ugha gSA

Vikram Singh S/o Sh. Sardool SinghVillage Satgoli, Yamunanagar

It saves ploughing cost worth Rs. 800-900 per

acre and time. Root development and crop neither

lodge nor turn yellow. Yield is better due to which

neither lodge nor turn yellow. Yield is also

increased. I am fully satisfied and suggests other

farmers to adopt it. This technology has no

disadvantage/limitation.

thjks fVy e'khu xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ ds fy, cgqr vPNhrduhd gSA blls cqokbZ 10&15 fnu igys gks tkrh gSAigys fNVs ls fctkbZ djrs FksA bl rduhd ls le; dhcpr ds lkFk&lkFk 900&1000 #0 izfr ,dM+ [kpZ degksrk gSA teokj cgqr vPNk gksrk gSA bl rduhd ls nkusxgjs iM+rs gSaA blfy, Qly fxjrh ugha gSA dudh dhteokj fNVs ds eqdkcys cgqr de gksrh gSA bl rduhd lsde ykxr esa vf/kd iSnkokj yh tk ldrh gSA

Bhupendra Singh S/o Sh. Labh Singh

Village Bulana, Ambala

For wheat sowing zero tillage technology is the

best. By this technology 10-15 days early sowing.

Expenditure upto Rs. 900-1000/acre is reduced.

Roots are deep and germination is very good.

population is also very less and no

lodging of crop occurs. By adopting this technology

we incur less expenditure and get more yield.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVyst cgqr Qk;ns okyh rduhd gSA eSus Lo;athjks fVy e'khu [kjhnk gSA eSa lu~ 2001 ls bl rduhd ds}kjk 23 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djrk gw¡A blesa 1017 chtde yxrk gSA eaMwlh de mxrh gSA bl rduhd ls 500#0 izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gS vkSj iSnkokj cjkcj gksrh gSA

Indraj S/o Sh. PaburamVillage Humaunpur, Ambala

Zero tillage is a very profitable technology. I

purchased my own zero tillage drill. It saves

Rs. 500/acre. Germination of is

less. I am satisfied with this technique.

Phalaris minor

eSa foxr 5&6 o"kksZa ls thjks fVyst rduhd ls 50,dM+ xsgw¡ dhs fctkbZ djrk gw¡A bl rduhd ls eq>s 10izfr'kr cht o 75 izfr'kr rsy dh cpr gksrh gSA Hkjiwjteokj gksrk gS] tM+sa xgjh tkrh gSa rFkk bl fof/k ls cqokbZdjus ij gok rFkk o"kkZ ds dkj.k ikS/ks fxjrs ugha gSaA eaMwlhdk cht uhps j[kus ds dkj.k eaMwlh dk teokj cgqr degksrk gSA flapkbZ esa le; Hkh de yxrk gS vkSj ikuh dh Hkhcpr gksrh gS] iSnkokj iqjkuh fof/k ds cjkcj gksrh gS] blfof/k ls gesa izfr ,dM+ 1000&1200 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSAbl o"kZ gekjs bykds esa fcuk tqrkbZ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ cgqrvf/kd gSA

Jagtar Singh S/o Sh. RamkishanVillage Humaunpur, Ambala

I have been practising zero tillage technique in

50 acres for last 5-6 years. It saves 10 per cent

seed and 75 per cent diesel. Crop stand is good

and roots are deep in this technique. In strong

winds and heavy rains crop does not lodge.

infestation is also less. Sowing in

time of irrigation and quantity of water. Overall from

this technique we save Rs. 1000-1200/acre. In my

areas almost whole wheat sowing is done by zero

tillage.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVyst e'khu ds ckjs esa g0 d`0 fo0] fglkj dsoSKkfudksa }kjk feyh tkudkjh ,oa izksRlkgu ds dkj.k lu~2000&01 esa bl rduhd dks viuk;kA izFke o"kZ esa dsoy ,d,dM+ esa bl rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k rFkk blds vk'p;Ztudifj.kkeksa ds Ik'pkr~ vkxkeh o"kksZa esa djhc 30 ,dM+ esa bldkbLrseky fd;kA ;gh ugha xkao ds vU; fdlkuksa ds ;gka Hkh izfro"kZ 25&30 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dhA /ku] le;] flapkbZ dsikuh ,oa e'khujh dh cpr gksrh gSA [kjirokj dh leL;k?kVrh gS rFkk mRiknu izfr ,dM+ 2 fDoa0 rd c<+ tkrk gSA

Darshan Singh S/o Sh. Chattar SinghVillage Dhons, Kaithal

Zero tillage technique was adopted by me in2000-01 due to the knowledge and encouragementprovided by scientists of H.A.U., Hisar. During the1st year, this technique was used in only one acre.After its excellent results, 30 acres land wasbrought under this technique during subsequentyears. Not only this, the other farmers of myvillage also sow 25-30 acres of wheat by thistechnique every year with my machine. Money,time, irrigation, water and machinery are saved.Problem of weeds reduces and the productionincreases upto 2 q/acre.

eq>s bl rduhd dh tkudkjh g0 d`0 fo0] fglkj dsoSKkfudksa ls feyhA bl rduhd }kjk fdlku de ykxr esavf/kd iSnkokj ys ldrk gSA igys ijEijkxr fof/k ds nkSjkude ls de 6 ckj [ksr dh xgkbZ djuh iM+rh Fkh ftlls le;,oa Mhty dh vf/kd [kir gksrh FkhA thjks fVy ls tgka bulalk/kuksa dh cpr gksrh gS] ogha iSnkokj Hkh izfr ,dM+ 2 fDoa0rd c<+ tkrh gSA Qly dk Hkjiwj teko gksus ds lkFk&lkFkvU; leL;k;sa tSls fd ihykiu] Qly fxjuk rFkk [kjirokjvkfn esa dkQh de gks tkrh gSA ysfdu dqN le; ls tM+ksa esadhM+s dh leL;k lkeus vk jgh gSA

Chhitru Ram S/o Sh. Soran SinghVillage Dhons, Kaithal

Zero tillage technique was adopted by me in200I when I came to know about this techniquefrom scientists of HAU, Hisar. By this technique,farmers can take more yield with lower cost.Before this, the field was needed to be ploughed atleast six times due to which there was moreexpenditure of diesel and time. By zero tillage,where there is a saving of resources, there is aincrease in yield up to 2 q/acre. Alongwith goodgermination of the crop, other problems likeyellowing of crop, crop lodging and weed problemsare also reduced. But the problem of insects inroots is coming for the last few years.

ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys 600 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh nj lsde [kpkZ yxrk gSA le; dh cpr gksrh gSA eaMwlh dk izdkside gksrk gSA iSnkokj esa Hkh izfr ,dM+ 1&2 fDoa0 dh o`f) gksrhgSA bu lHkh Qk;nksa ds dkj.k ;g rduhd fdlkuksa ds fy,cgqr mi;ksxh gSA

Vakeel Singh S/o Sh. Nath RamVillage Dhons, Kaithal

In comparison to conventional tillage,

Rs. 600/acre less expenditure is there in zero

tillage, time is saved. Less infestation of

is there. Yield increases upto 1-2 q/acre. Due

to all these benefits, this technique is very

beneficial to the farmers.

Phalaris

minor

eSa o"kZ 2000&01 ls bl rduhd dk iz;ksx dj jgk gw¡Apwafd eSa thjks fVy fdjk;s ij ysdj xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djokrk gw¡]blfy, izfr ,dM+ djhc 1000 #Ik;s cpk ysrk gw¡A ijEijkxrfof/k ds eqdkcys xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ le; ij gks tkrh gSA QqVkovPNk gksrk gS rFkk iSnkokj 2 fDoa0 izfr ,dM+ c<+ tkrh gSAQly u rks flapkbZ ds ckn ihyh iM+rh gS] u gh gok pyus ijfxjrh gSA eaMwlh ds teko esa Hkh dkQh deh vkbZ gSA eSa blrduhd ls iwjh rjg larq"V gw¡A

Choor Singh S/o Sh. Hukam ChandVillage Dhons, Kaithal

I have been using this technique since 2000-

01. As I get my sowing done through zero tillage by

hiring the machine, so I save Rs. 1000/acre. Wheat

is sown in time as compared to conventional

tillage. Germination is very good and yield

increases 2 q/acre. The crop neither turns yellow

after 1st irrigation nor lodges due to winds.

Germination of get lower. I am fully

satisfied with this technique.

Phalaris minor

iM+kslh fdlkuksa ls tkudkjh ,oa lykg feyus ij o"kZ2002 esa bl rduhd dk iz;ksx 'kq: fd;kA thjks fVy lscqokbZ djus ij izfr ,dM+ djhc 400 #Ik;s dh cpr gksrh gSAxsgw¡ dh fctkbZ mi;qZDr le; ij gksus ds dkj.k ikS/kksa dk Hkjiwjteokj gksrk gS rFkk Qly gjh&Hkjh ,oa LoLFk jgrh gSAigyh flapkbZ ds ckn ihysiu dh dksbZ leL;k ugha gSA gok ocjlkr ds nkSjku ikS/ks de fxjrs gSaA bl rduhd ds iz;ksx lstgk¡ eaMwlh de gks xbZ gS] ogha taxyh ikyd dh leL;k mHkjjgh gSA

Ram Singh S/o Sh. Madu RamVillage Bharoth, Kaithal

After getting the knowledge and suggestionfrom the neighbour farmers, I started using thistechnique in the year 2002. About Rs .400/acre aresaved when sown by zero tillage. Seedgermination is very good due to timely sowing ofwheat and the crop remains healthy and green.There is no yellowing after 1st irrigation. Croplodging due to wind and rain is also less. Wherethere is less infestation of , there isan increased problem of Jungli Palak.

Phalaris minor

eSa fiNys nks o"kksZa ls yxkrkj thjks fVy fof/k ls xsgw¡ cksjgk gw¡A ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk bl rduhd ds bLrseky lsizfr ,dM+ dqy 600 #0 dk 'kq) ykHk gqvkA bl vkfFkZd ykHkds lkFk&lkFk le;] esgur ,oa e'khujh dk Hkh cpko gqvkAxsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj rFkk eaMwlh dh de teokj gksrh gSA ikS/kk'kq:vkr ls gh gjk&Hkjk jgrk gS] igyh flapkbZ ds ckn dksbZihykiu ugha vkrkA tM+sa xgjh gksus ij etcwr idM+ cuk,j[krh gSa] rFkk Qly fxjus dh laHkkouk dkQh de gks tkrhgSA eSa bl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡A

Bhim Singh S/o Sh. Bahadur SinghVillage , KaithalBharoth

I have been sowing wheat continuously for thelast two years by using zero tillage technique. Incomparison to conventional tillage, this techniquegave Rs. 600/acre pure profit. Apart from thiseconomic benefit, time, labour and machinery weresaved. There is more germination of wheat andless germination of . The plantremains green from the starting and there is noyellowing after 1st irrigation. After going deep, theroots maintain strong grip and it lowers down thepossibility of crop lodging. I am satisfied with thistechnique.

Phalaris minor

yxkrkj pkj o"kksZa ls thjks fVyst rduhd ds iz;ksx dklq[kn vuqHko jgk gSA [ksr dh rS;kjh esa izfr ,dM+ yxHkx 500#i;ksa dh cpr gksrh gSA eaMwlh uked [kjirokj ds deteko gksus ds dkj.k Qly dk teko cgqr vPNk gksrk gS rFkkmRiknu esa Hkh dksbZ deh ugha gksrhA

Mahender Singh S/o Sh. Baju RamVillage , KaithalBharoth

The use of zero tillage technique for the lastfour years remained to be a very happyexperience. About Rs. 500/acre are saved duringfield preparation. The crop germination is goodand due to less germination of andthere is no reduction in yield.

Phalaris minor

xsgw¡&/kku Qly pØ dks thjks fVy }kjk xsgw¡ dh fctkbZle; ij dh tk ldrh gSA fdlkuksa ds dherh le; rFkkmRiknu ykxr dks de djus esa ;g rduhd dkjxj lkfcrgqbZ gSA [ksr dh rS;kjh esa izfr ,dM+ 600 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSAxsgw¡ dk teko ykbuksa esa Hkjiwj gksrk gSA thjks fVy ls xsgw¡ dhfctkbZ djus ij [kjirokj eq[;r% eaMwlh dh la[;k dkQhde gks xbZ gSA vPNh iSnkokj ds fy, Hkwfe esa mi;qDr uehgksuh pkfg,A

Kuldeep Singh S/o Sh. Kartar SinghVillage Teak, Kaithal

By using zero tillage technique, sowing ofwheat can be done in time in rice-wheat croppingsystem. This technique has proved to be verysuccessful in saving the valuable time of farmersand in lowering the production cost. Rs. 600/acreare saved in field preparation. Germination ofwheat in lines is very good. The weed population,particularly , has reducedsignificantly after sowing of wheat with zero tillage.However, for getting good yield, there should beoptimum soil moisture in the field.

Phalaris minor

eSa thjks fVy fof/k }kjk fctkbZ ds ckjs esa pkj lky lstkurk gw¡ vkSj eSa bldh fctkbZ 4 ,dM+ ij 200 #0 izfr ,dM+ds fglkc ls djok jgk gw¡A igys fctkbZ ls iwoZ eq>s 6 ckjtqrkbZ djokuh iM+rh FkhA thjks fVyst fctkbZ ls eq>s cht dhcpr yxHkx 10 fdyks cht izfr ,dM+] le; dh cpr vf/kdiSnkokj vkSj Qly fxjrh ugha gS vkSj [kjirokj dh ek=k Hkhde gksrh gS vkSj ijEijkxr cqokbZ ds eqdkcys [kkn dk iz;ksxHkh de gksrk gSA blfy, blls eq>s 200 #0 izfr ,dM+ dhcpr gqbZ vkSj esa bl fctkbZ fof/k ls larq"V gw¡A

Krishan Singh S/o Sh. Joginder SinghVillage Kadasan, Ambala

I have been knowing and using zero tillage forthe last four years on my four acres of land at arate of Rs. 200 per acre. Earlier I have to do sixploughings before the sowing. Sowing by zerotillage has resulted in saving of about 10 kg seedper acre. Saving of time, greater yields and lesslodging have been possible. It also reduces theweed incidence and fertilizer requirement ascompared to conventional sowing. This techniquehas resulted in a saving of Rs. 200 per acre to meand I am satisfied with it.

eSa thjks fVyst ls fctkbZ ds ckjs esa fiNys 3 lky lstkurk gw¡A eq>s bldh tkudkjh Vh-oh- ls feyh Fkh vkSj rHkhls eSaus lkspk Fkk fd eSa blh e'khu ls fctkbZ d:¡xk vkSj eSaus 2lky ls bldh fctkbZ 200 #0 izfr ,dM+ fdjk, ij djokuh'kq# dj nh Fkh vkSj esjs vc fctkbZ ls yxHkx 500 vkSj 550#0 cp tkrs gSaA blds eq>s vusd Qk;ns gq, tSls fd le; dhcpr] vf/kd iSnkokj] Qly dk de fxjuk] igyh flapkbZ ijQly ihykiu Hkh ugha fn[krk ijUrq Qly esa [kjirokjvf/kd gksrs gSaA bl rjg eq>s izfr ,dM+ 400&500 #0 dhcpr gksrh gS blfy, eSa bl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡A

Ram Singh S/o Sh. Nanak ChandVillage Kadasan, Ambala

I know about zero tillage since last three

years. I got information on it from the television and

then I gave it a serious thought. I began sowing by

this technique since last two years at a rate of

Rs. 200 per acre and now I am saving about

Rs. 500-550 per acre. It has resulted in many

advantages like saving of time, greater yield and

less lodging of crop. The crop does not appear

yellow on first irrigation but more weed leaf weeds

emerge out to a slight extent.

eSa thjks fVyst dh fctkbZ ds ckjs esa fiNys 3 lky lstkurk gw¡A eSaus blds ckjs esa Vh-oh- ij lquk Fkk vkSj vc eSafiNys 2 lky ls bldh fctkbZ 3 ,dM+ Hkwfe ij dj jgk gw¡Aeq>s fdjk, ij fctkbZ djokds Hkh 550 #0 dh cpr gks tkrhgSA blls eq>s cht dh cpr] le; dh cpr] vf/kd iSnkokjvkSj Qly de fxjus ls vf/kdrj vkSj bu lc cpr lsyxHkx 1500 #0 izfr ,dM+ dk Qk;nk gqvk vkSj eSa blfctkbZ ls larq"V gw¡A

Pankaj Kumar S/o Sh. Jeet RamVillage Kadasan, Ambala

I know about zero tillage since last three

years. I heard about it in the television and now I

have been sowing by this technique on my three

acres of land for the last two years. I managed to

save Rs. 550 per acre even after sowing on hire

basis. It leads to saving of time, seed, increased

yields and less lodging of the crop and it amounts

to saving of about Rs. 1500 per acre. I am satisfied

with this sowing technique.

thjks fVyst cqokbZ djus ls ,d lkFk dbZ Qk;ns gksrs gSa]1- igyh Qly dVus ds rqjUr ckn fctkbZ dj ldrs gSaftlds dkj.k Qly lgh le; ij id dj rS;kj gks tkrh gSvkSj Hkjiwj iSnkokj feyrh gS] 2- ikuh dh cpr gksrh gS vkSjiSlksa dh cpr Hkh gksrh gS] 3- fctkbZ ls igys gksus okyh tqrkbZij yxus okys [kpsZ ls Hkh cpk tk ldrk gSA eaMwlh de terhgS] 4- ijEijkxr [ksrh dh vis{kk cht de yxrk gS ftllsfctkbZ ij gksus okys [kpZ dks de djus esa enn feyrh gSA esjkyksxksa ls ;g dguk gS fd vki lHkh thjks fVyst ls [ksrh djsaA

Surjit Singh S/o Sh.Sunder SinghVillage Khanpur, Ambala

Zero tillage sowing leads to many advantages.

Sowing can be done immediately after the harvest

of previous crop so that crop motives at

appropriate time and gives good yield. Saving of

irrigation water and money. Cost of land

preparation is reduced and less weed infestation. It

needs less seed as compared to conventional

method which results in less expenditure on seed.

10 fdyks cht ds lkFk&lkFk Mhty rFkk le; dh Hkhcpr gksrh gSA vf/kd iSnkokj] de [kpZ] Mksfy;ka u gksus dsdkj.k] dVkbZ esa vklkuh bl VSDuksyksth dh fo'ks"krk,a gSaA

Dalbir Singh S/o Sh. Bachchan SinghVillage Mandheri, Kurukshetra

Alongwith 10 kg of seed, zero tillage techniquesaves diesel and time. More yield, less cost, easyharvesting due to non-ridges in the field are someimportant advantages of this technique.

iSnkokj vPNh] VkbZe o Mhty dh cpr gksrh gSA Mkdjtehu esa T;knk dke;kc rFkk ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys700&800 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA bl rduhd dks viukus esadksbZ gtZ ugha gSA Qly fxjrh ugha gSA

Jagpal Singh S/o Sh. Mastan SinghVillage Nalvi, Kurukshetra

Beaten crop yields are obtained. There issaving of time and diesel. The technique is moresuccessful in heavy soil. A saving of Rs. 700-800/acre as compared to conventional technologyis obtained. The crop does not lodge. There is noharm in adopting this technique.

ikuh yxkus esa vklkuh gksrh gS rFkk cjlkr ds ikuh lsuqdlku de gksrk gSA iPphl fdyks ;wfj;k T;knk yxrh gSAlkjh [kkn Qly ds }kjk ys yh tkrh gSA Qly xgjs gjs jaxdh jgh gSA nl fdyks izfr ,dM+ cht de Mkyrk gw¡A ,d,dM+ esa 900&1000 #0 de [kpZ gksrk gS vkSj iSnkokj cjkcjjghA

Gurbaz Singh S/o Sh. Pyara SinghVillage Rai Majra, Kurukshetra

Application of irrigation is easy and there isless loss due to heavy rains. 25 kg more urea isrequired. While fertilizer is absorbed by the crop.The crop remained dark green. I use 10 kg lessseed per acre. There is Rs. 900-1000/acre lessexpenditure and the yield remains at par withconventional sown wheat.

v[kckj ls Ik<+us ds ckn viuk;kA [kpkZ de vk;kA ;fneSa cqokbZ djds cksrk rks 1200 #0 fdjk;k nsuk iM+rk ysfduvc 300 #0 gh yxrs gSaA ftlls 900 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh cprgqbZA vPNh teokj gqbZA Qly fxjh Hkh ughaA eaMwlh Hkh deyxrh gSA

Tarsem Singh S/o Sh. Kashmiri SinghVillage Rai Majra, Kurukshetra

I adopted this technique after reading about itin newspaper. Expenditure was less. If I wouldhave sown after conventional tillage operatus, thenRs. 1200 had to be given as hiring, but now onlyRs. 300 are required due to which Rs. 900/acre aresaved. Germination is good. Crop does not lodge.

remains less.Phalaris minor

thjks fVyst rduhdh ij eq>s iwjk fo'okl gS D;ksafdblls eq>s cgqr ykHk gqvk gSA eq>s 2002 ls iM+kslh fdlkuksa lsbl rduhd ds ckjs esa irk pykA eSa fdjk, dh e'khu lsfctkbZ djkrk gw¡ vkSj izfr ,dM+ 600 #0 cpkrk gw¡A ,dlIrkg igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA xsgw¡ dk iwjk teokj] Qlydk ihyk u iM+uk] ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys Qly dk defxjuk] blds vU; Qk;ns gSaA eSa bl rduhd ls cgqr [kq'k gw¡A

Iqbal Singh S/o Sh. Mehma SinghVillage Nagla Jattan, Ambala

I have full faith in zero tillage because I wasbenefited a lot by this. In 2002, I came to knowabout this technique through my neighbouringfarmers. I get my sowing done by hiring themachine and saves Rs. 600/acre. Sowing isadvanced by about one week. Full wheatgermination, no yellowing of crop, less lodging ofcrop as compared to conventional tillage are itsextra benefits. I am very happy with this technique.

iM+kslh fdlkuksa ls lu~ 2002 esa thjks fVy fMªy ds ckjs esairk pykA 'kq: esa xsgw¡ dh teokj dks ysdj dkQh 'kadk FkhAvc le; vkSj iSls dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk vPNh iSnkokj gksusds dkj.k eSa cgqr [kq'k gw¡A Qly esa u rks ihysiu dh f'kdk;rgksrh gS vkSj u gh og fxjrh gSA nwljs fdlku Hkh bl rduhddks t:j viuk,aA

Rupender Singh S/o Sh. Gurdev SinghVillage Nagla Jattan, Ambala

I came to know about zero tillage drill fromneighbouring farmers in the year 2002. Initiallysuspicion about germination of wheat was there.Now alongwith saving of time and money, I amgetting good yield. The crop neither lodges nor itbecomes yellow. I am very happy. Other farmersmust adopt this technique.

eSa fiNys 3 lky ls thjks fVyst fof/k ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZdj jgk gw¡A bl rduhd ds ckjs esa eq>s d`f"k fdlku dsUnz]rsiyk ls irk pykA ;g rduhd cgqr mi;ksxh gSA le; ijfctkbZ] xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj] eaMwlh dh leL;k esa deh vkSjvPNh iSnkokj blds Qk;ns gSaS cjlkr vkSj rst gok ds dkj.kQly ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys de fxjrh gSA eSa blrduhd ls cgqr [kq'k gw¡A

Shyam Lal S/o Sh. Sumer SinghVillage Haldri, Ambala

I have been sowing wheat with zero tillage forthe last three years. I got information about thistechnique from Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tepla. Thistechnique is very beneficial. Timely sowing, goodgermination of wheat, less problem of

and good yield are its benefits. The croplodging due to wind and rain is less as compared toconventional tillage. I am very much happy withthis technique.

Phalaris

minor

riM+ fctkbZ ds ckjs esa eq>s gfj;k.kk d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;fglkj ds oSKkfudksa ls lu~ 1999 esa irk pykA igys lkyljdkjh e'khu ls fctkbZ djokbZA xkao okys gesa ikxy dg jgsFks ij tc xsgw¡ dk teokj ns[kk vkSj iSnkokj ns[kh rks lc gSjkujg x,A blls tqrkbZ dk [kpZ de gksrk gSA yxHkx 700 #0Ablls iSnkokj c<+rh gSA bl fof/k ls [kjirokj Hkh de gksrhgSA ge bl fof/k ls iwjh rjg larq"V gSaA

Krishan Singh S/o Sh. Ranjeet SinghVillage Landa, Ambala

I got the knowledge about zero tillage in theyear 1999 from the scientists of HAU, Hisar. During1st year sowing was done by the machine. Thevillagers were calling us fool, but when wheatgermination and yield were seen, all weresurprised. It lowers down the expenditure ofploughing by nearly Rs. 700/acre. It increases yieldand lowers down the weeds. We are fully satisfiedwith this technique.

fctkbZ ds le; 15 fnu dh cpr gksrh gSA eaMwlh dkizdksi Hkh de gksrk gSA le; dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk Mhtydh cpr Hkh gksrh gS rFkk iSnkokj ijEijkxr ls Hkh T;knk gksrhgSA eSa blds fy, gfj;k.kk d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;] fglkj ds fy,vkHkkjh gw¡ tgk¡ ls eq>s blds ckjs esa lwpuk feyhA

Satvinder Singh S/o Sh. Surjeet Singh

Village Landa, Ambala

Fifteen days are saved at the time of sowing.

Less infestation of is there. Alongwith

time, diesel is also saved and yield is also more than

conventional tillage. I am thankful to HAU, Hisar from

where I came to know about this technique.

Phalaris minor

blls le; dh cpr gksrh gS] Mhty dh cpr gksrh gS][kjirokj de mxrk gSA Mh-,-ih- iwjk dke djrk gSA 1500#0 izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gSA cht iwjk mxrk gS] iSnkokjc<+rh gSA

Navneet Singh S/o Sh. Prem Singh

Village Landa, Ambala

It saves time and diesel and infestation of weeds

is low. Due to placement of DAP below seed plough

get full nutrition saved. Rs. 1500/acre are saved.

Almost whole of the seeds germinate and yield

increases.

eq>s thjks fVyst ds ckjs esa lu~ 2003 esa tkudkjh gqbZmlds ckn ls eSa yxkrkj bl fof/k ls [ksrh djrk vk jgk gw¡Athjks fVyst ls cqokbZ djus ij 300 #0 izfr ,dM+ [kpkZ vkrkgS tcfd ijEijkxr [kpZ ls cqokbZ djus ij ;g [kpkZ 1100#Ik;s ls T;knk vkrk gS D;ksafd 700 #0 rks cqokbZ ls igys gksusokyh tqrkbZ ij [kpZ gks tkrs gSaA thjks fVyst ls [kkn cht dsikl iM+rh gSA Qly de fxjrh gSA [kjirokj Hkh de gksrhgSA eSa bl fof/k ls larq"V gw¡A

Bir Singh S/o Sh. Niranjan Singh

Village Dubli, Ambala

I came to know about zero tillage in 2003 andsince then I have been using it. Sowing with zerotillage costs about Rs. 300 per acre while byconventional method it amounts to more thanRs.1100 per acre.

eq>s iM+kslh fdlku ls lu~ 1997 esa thjks fVyst lsfctkbZ djus dh fof/k dk irk pyk rc ls yxkrkj eSa bl fof/kls 8 ,dM+ esa iM+kslh dh e'khu ekax dj fctkbZ djrk gw¡AfctkbZ ls igys gksus okyh tqrkbZ ij 600 #0 izfr ,dM+ tks[kpkZ gksrk gS mldh cpr gks tkrh gSA thjks fVyst ls chtdh cpr] le; dh cpr gksrh gSA igyh flapkbZ ij ihykiuugha gksrk rFkk xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gSA [kjirokj esa 50izfr'kr dh deh vkrh gS D;ksafd tehu iwjh rjg [kqyrh ughagSA ikuh dh cpr rFkk [kkn dh cpr gksrh gSA bl rduhd lseSa larq"V gw¡A eSa dylh] 'kkgckn dh fMªy e'khu iz;ksx djrkgw¡A vxj bldk Qkyk etcwr gks rks ;g ,d cf<+;k e'khu gSA

Prem Singh S/o Sh. Gurdyal SinghVillage Landa Khas, Ambala

I came to know about zero tillage technique

from my neighbouring farmer in 1997 and since

then I have been sowing eight acres of my land

using this technique. Expenditure of Rs. 600/acre

on pre-sowing tillage is saved. Zero tillage saves

seeds and time also. Germination of wheat is good

and no yellowing of crop after first irrigation has

been observed.50% reduction in weed is there

because soil does not open completely. The

technique helps save water and fertilizers also. I

am satisfied with this technique .Use drill machine

of Kalsi, Sahabad. It is a good machine if its blade

is strong.

thjks fVyst e'khu ls fctkbZ ds ckjs esa tkudkjh bQdksfdlku dsUnz 'kkgckn] dq#{ks= ls 1996 esa feyhA izFke o"kZ esaeSus 5 ,dM+ esa bl fof/k ls fctkbZ dh vkSj mlds ckn bldsQk;ns ns[krs gq, vxys o"kksZa esa T;knk ,dM+ esa fctkbZ dhAle; dh cpr] xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj ds lkFk&lkFk fctkbZds [kpZ esa deh bldh fo'ks"krk gSA tehu esa ikuh [kM+k ughagksrk bldh fo'ks"krk gSA tehu esa ikuh [kM+k ugha gksrk ftllsQly ihyh ugha iM+rhA eaMwlh dh leL;k Hkh de gqbZ gSftldk dkj.k mlds chtksa dk tehu esa gh ncs jguk gSA esjhviuh e'khu gS vkSj viuh tehu ds lkFk&lkFk fdjk, ij Hkhizfr o"kZ yxHkx 200&250 ,dM+ fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A esajs xkao esa90 izfr'kr xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ bl e'khu ls djrs gSaA

Gurnam Singh S/o Sh.Jagir SinghVillage Landa, Ambala

I got information about sowing through zero

tillage machine from IFFCO Kisan Kendra,-

Sahabad, Kurukshetra in 1996. During 1st year I

sowed five acres of land with this technique and

after finding it very beneficial I adopted it on more

area. Saving of time, good germination of wheat

alongwith decrease in sowing expenditure are its

advantages. The water does not stand in the field

due to which crop does not become yellow. The

problem of is also reduced due to

continuous suppression of weed seeds in the soil. I

have my own machine and alonwith my own land, I

sow 200-250 acres of others on hiring basis. In my

village 90% wheat is sown through this machine.

Phalaris minor

eSa fiNys 3 o"kksZa ls thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ

dj jgk gw¡A eq>s nwjn'kZu ds dk;ZØe ls bl fof/k dh tkudkjh

feyhA 'kq# esa yxk fd teko vPNk ugha gksxk vkSj c<+okj Hkh

irk ugha dSlh gksxhA ysfdu teko vPNk gqvk vkSj Qly

ihyh Hkh ugha iM+hA izfr ,dM+ 1500 #0 [kpZ de gksus ds

lkFk&lkFk 2&3 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+ iSnkokj Hkh c<+hA eaMwlh ds

izdksi esa deh gqbZ gSA flapkbZ ds ikuh vkSj [kkn dh cpr gSA

bl rduhd ls fdlkuksa dks dkQh Qk;nk gqvk gSA

Shiyoram S/o Sh. Ram SinghVillage Kadasan, Ambala

I have been sowing wheat through zero

tillage machine for the last three years. I got

information about this technique from programme

on T. V. Initially it seemed that germination and

growth will not be good. But germination was good

and there was no yellowing of the crop. Apart from

this about Rs. 1500/acre reduction in expenditure,

2-3 quintals/acre higher yield is obtained.

infestation is reduced and there is a saving

of irrigation water and fertilizer. Farmers are

benefited a lot from this technique.

Phalaris

minor

ikap lky igys eSaus viuh xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ thjks fVystfof/k ls 'kq: dh Fkh vkSj vHkh eSaus 6 ,dM+ esa fctkbZ dh gSAthjks fVyst ,d Qk;nseUn rduhd gS ftlls ijEijkxrfof/k ds eqdkcys [kpkZ vk/kk iM+rk gSA lkFk gh cht o le;dh cpr gksrh gS vkSj xsgw¡ dh iSnkokj esa Hkh c<+ksÙkjh gksrh gSAblds iz;ksx ls [kjirokj esa deh vkbZ o flapkbZ ds ikuh dhHkh cpr gqbZA dqy feykdj eSa bl rduhd ls lUrq"V gw¡A

Nayab Singh S/o Sh. Prabhu RamVillage Haldari, Ambala

Five years ago, I started sowing wheat withzero tillage and this year I have sown six acres(with zero tillage). Zero tillage is a beneficialtechnique due to which the expenditure is reducedto half as compared to conventional tillage.Alongwith saving in seed and time yield is alsoincreased. Weeds were less and irrigation waterwas saved when zero tillage was used. I am fullysatisfied with this technique.

bl rduhd ds ckjs ess 1996 esa irk pyk rc ls fctkbZthjks fVy ls djrk vk jgk gw¡A iSnkokj c<+ jgh gS] ?kVh ughagSA bl fof/k ls cht de yxrk gS vkSj le; dh cpr gksrhgSA [kpkZ de vkrk gSA esjk lkjk xkao bl e'khu ls fctkbZdjrk gSA

Joginder Singh S/o Sh. Kartar SinghVillage Landa, Ambala

I came to know about this technique in 1996and since then I am sowing wheat with zero tillage.Yield is increasing, it did not reduce. By thistechnique seed and time are saved and cost ofcultivation is reduced. My whole village goes forsowing with this machine.

eSa 6 o"kZ igys rd ijEijkxr fof/k ls fctkbZ djrk Fkk]rks T;knk cpr ugha gksrh FkhA ijUrq o"kZ 1997 esa eq>s thjksfVyst dh tkudkjh gqbZ rks 'kq#vkr esa 5 ,dM+ o 27 ,dM+ esathjks fVyst djrk gw¡ ftlls yxHkx 1000 #0 dh lh/kh cprrks 'kq# esa nh gSA thjks fVyst ls le; dh cpr gksrh gS oiSnkokj Hkh T;knk gSA blls e'khujh dk [kpZ Hkh de gqvk gSAMkdj tehu gksus dh otg ls [ksrh dh rS;kjh esa dksbZ dfBukbZugha gksrhA le; o e'khujh dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk xsgw¡ dsmRiknu esa dksbZ deh ugha vkrhA

Jaimal Singh S/o Sh. Karan SinghVillage Khudda Kalan, Ambala

I used to do sowing through conventional

method six years ago, then profit was not much.

But in 1997 I came to know about zero tillage and

in the beginning took five acres and now 27 acres

of land is under zero tillage from which a direct

saving of Rs. 1000/acre is achieved. Initially zero

tillage saves time and gives more yield. Alongwith

saving of time and machinery, substantially good

wheat seed is obtained.

vkt ls pkj o"kZ iwoZ esjs iM+kslh fdlku us eq>s thjksfVyst ls fctkbZ djds ns[kus dh lykg nhA vkt eSa 15 ,dM+esa bl fof/k ls Qly cks jgk gw¡A bl fof/k ls ijEijkxr fctkbZfof/k ds eqdkcys tgk¡ /ku o le; dh cpr gksrh gSA ogha xsgw¡dh Hkjiwj iSnkokj o Qly fxjus dh leL;k ls futkr feyrhgSA eSa vU; fdlku Hkkb;ksa dks lykg nwaxk fd os ,d ckj pkgsikap ,dM+ esa gh thjks fVyst ls fctkbZ djds ns[ksa o viuh /kuo le; dh cpr dk Qk;nk lkeus gksrs ns[ksaA

Nayab Singh S/o Sh. Preetam SinghVillage Bulana, Ambala.

Four years ago, my neighbouring farmersuggested me to go for wheat sowing with zero tilldrill. Now I am sowing 15 acres of crops with thistechnique. In comparison to conventional tillage,with this technique there is a saving of money andtime. Also there is an increase in yield of wheat andno problem of crop lodging. I suggest other farmersthat they should start zero tillage in some area andsee the saving of money and time through theirown eyes.

thjks fVyst rduhd fdlkuksa ds fy, cgqr ykHknk;dfl) gqbZ gSA ijEijkxr fNM+dko fof/k ds eqdkcys 10 fdyksizfr ,dM+ cht dh cpr gksrh gSA le; dh yxHkx 50izfr'kr rd cpr gksrh gSA tM+asa etcwr gksus ds dkj.k Qlyde fxjrh gSa rFkk flapkbZ ds ikuh ,oa le; esa cpr gksrh gSAthjks fVyst fMªy o ubZ [kjirokj nokvksa ds laxe ls[kjirokj [kkldj eaMwlh dh leL;k cgqr de gks xbZ gSAMhty ,oa e'khujh dk cpko gksrk gSA izfr ,dM+ 500 #0 dkvkfFkZd ykHk gksrk gSA thjks fVy ls fctkbZ djrs le; [ksrlery gksuk pkfg, o ueh mi;qDr ek=k esa gksuh pkfg,A

Sube Singh S/o Sh. Baru RamVillage Bharot, Kaithal

Zero tillage technique has proved to be a verybeneficial to the farmers. As compared toconventional tillage, about 10 kg seed per acre issaved. Time is saved up to 50%. Crop lodging isless due to strong roots. There is a saving inirrigation water and time. The combination of zerotillage drill and herbicides has lowered down theproblem of weeds particularly . Aneconomic benefit of Rs .500/acre is there. At thetime of sowing with zero tillage, the field should belevelled and there should be proper moisture in thefield.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVy rduhd NksVs fdlkuksa ds fy, ojnku fl)gqbZ gSA eSa fiNys 6 o"kksZa ls 4 ,dM+ Hkwfe ij yxkrkj bldkmi;ksx dj jgk gw¡A xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dk [kpkZ djhc 1000 #0izfr ,dM+ rd ?kV x;k gSA iSnokj Hkh izfr ,dM+ 5&6 euT;knk fudyrh gSA le; dh dkQh cpr gksrh gS ftls fdlkuvU; mi;ksxh dk;ksZa esa bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA

Ram Kumar S/o Sh. Gadeen SinghVillage Dhons , Kaithal

Zero tillage technique has proved a blessing

for small farmers. I have been using this technique

in four acres of land for the last six years.

Expenditure of wheat sowing has been lowered

down by about Rs. 1000/acre, yield increases to 2-

2.25 q/acre. A lot of time is saved which can be

used for other works.

thjks fVy e'khu ds ckjs esa iM+kslh xkao ls irk yxk rFkkloZizFke lu~ 1000&01 esa bldk iz;ksx fd;kA ijEijkxrfof/k ds eqdkcys izfr ,dM+ djhc 1200 #0 dk ykHk gksrk gSA;gh ugha] bl rduhd ls le;] esgur ,oa VSªDVj e'khu vkfndh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA Mhty dh de [kir gksrh gSA blls xsgw¡dh teokj cgqr cf<+;k gksrh gS] rFkk fxjuh dh leL;k de gkstkrh gSA

Kanwarpal S/o Sh. Ram SaroopVillage Faral, Kaithal

Got the knowledge about zero tillage machine

from neighbouring village and used it first time in

2001-01. About Rs. 1200/acre are saved as

compared to conventional tillage. Not only this, this

technique also saves time, labour, tractor and

machinery. Less diesel is required. Wheat

germination is good and crop lodging is less in this

technique.

xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gSA [kjirokj de gksrk gSAcqokbZ ykbZuksa esa gksrh gS ftlls izfr ,dM+ 5 fdyks cht dhcpr gksrh gSA xgkbZ ds le; rFkk flapkbZ ds ikuh dh cprgksrh gSA xsgw¡ esa ihysiu vFkok fxjus dh dksbZ f'kdk;r ugha gSAijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys 1&2 fDoa0 izfr ,dM+ vf/kdiSnkokj gksrh gSA dqy feykdj fdlku dks izfr ,dM+ ls1000&1200 #0 dk vkfFkZd ykHk gksrk gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dksHkh bl rduhd dks vtekus rFkk viukus dh lykg nwaxkA

Dharampal S/o Sh. Ram SaroopVillage Faral, Kaithal

Wheat germination is good, weed infestation is

low, seed is sown in lines which saves 5 kg seed

per acre. Irrigation water is saved and time for

ploughing is saved. There is no complaint of crop

yellowing and crop lodging. Yield is1-2 q/acre more

as compared to conventional tillage. In total the

farmer get Rs. 1000-1200/acre of economic

benefit. I suggest the other farmers to try and adopt

this technique.

igys lky 2002 esa thjks fVy e'khu ls Mjrs&Mjrs ,d

,dM+ esa xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djkbZA igys ,d eghus rd yxrk Fkk

fd dqN ugha gksxkA ,d eghus ckn cgqr vPNs xsgw¡ gks x;sA

lcls cM+k ykHk ;g fd 10 fnu igys fctkbZ iw.kZ gks xbZ] rsy

Hkh dkQh de yxk] cht dh cpr] ihysiu dh f'kdk;r ughaA

>kM+ ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys T;knk fudykA

Narender Singh S/o Sh. Sukhdev SinghVillage Mandheri, Kurukshetra

In the first year 2002, I sowed the wheat in one

acre by zero tillage machine and I was afraid at

that time. Upto one month it seemed that nothing

will be harvested but after one month the wheat

crop looked good. The greatest benefit was that

the sowing was 10 days earlier, requirement of oil

was also low, seed was saved and no yellowing

was there. The yield was more as compared to

conventional tillage.

bl rduhd ds ckjs esa igyh ckj fj'rsnkj ds ;gka

ns[kkA vxys lky 4 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ mudh e'khu ekax

dj dhA vc 10 ,dM+ dh fctkbZ gj lky e'khu ekax dj

djrk gw¡A izfr ,dM+ 700&800 #0 dh cpr gks tkrh gS] rsy

de yxrk gSA ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys iSnkokj 2 fDoaVy

rd T;knk gks tkrh gSA

Baljeet Singh S/o Sh. Bachchan SinghVillage Mandheri, Kurukshetra

I saw this technique for the first time in my

relative's field.The next year I sowed four acres of

land by this technique by borrowing their machine.

Now I sow 10 acres of land. In this technique

Rs. 700-800/acre are saved. Diesel is saved. Yield

is upto 2 q/ha more as compared to conventional

tillage.

eSa 1997 ls thjks fVy e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dj jgkgw¡A esjh viuh thjks fVy e'khu gSA eSa viuh fctkbZ dsvfrfjDr fdjk;s ij Hkh fctkbZ djrk gw¡ o 300 #0 izfr ,dM+fdjk;k ysrk gw¡A ikap fdyksxzke cht de yxrk gS vkSj le;dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA Hkjiwj teko ds lkFk&lkFk Qly ihyhHkh ugha iM+rhA eaMwlh ysV mxrh gS rc rd xsgw¡ cM+h gks tkrhgSA izfr ,dM+ 550 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA 'kq: esa 'kadk Fkh fdirk ugha xsgw¡ mxsxh ;k ugha fdUrq ckn esa ns[kk rks izfr ,dM+ 2fDoaVy T;knk iSnkokj feyhA

Surender Singh S/o Sh. Singh RamVillage Teak, Kaithal

I have been using zero tillage technique since1997. I am using my own machine for my fieldsand on hire for other farmers. Per acre 5 kg lessseed is required. Time saving is also there. Goodgermination and non-yellowness are observed.Infestation of is less. Per acre Rs.550 saving is there and 2 q more yield is obtained.

Phalaris minor

g0 d`0 fo0] fglkj ls lu~ 1996 esa eq>s bl thjks fVyrduhd dk irk pykA xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gS vkSjle; dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA igyh flapkbZ ij ihykiu ughavkrkA cht xgjk fxjrk gSA vr% Qly ds fxjus dh lEHkkoukde gksrh gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA izfr ,dM+ 900#0dh cpr gksrh gS vkSj 2 fDoaVy vf/kd iSnkokj gksrh gSA eSa blrduhd ls iw.kZr;k larq"V gw¡ vkSj vU; fdlkuksa dks Hkh blsviukus dh lykg nsrk gw¡A

Sibba Ram S/o Sh. Malkhan SinghVillage Teak, Kaithal

In 1996 I was told about this technique byscientists of HAU. Germination of wheat is good.Time is also saved. On first irrigation, noyellowness is observed. As seed is placed deep sono fear of lodging. Infestation of isless. Per acre Rs. 900 are saved and 2 q moreyield is obtained. I suggest other farmers to adoptthis technique as it is very beneficial.

Phalaris minor

eq>s lu~ 2001 esa bl rduhd dk irk pyk vkSj rHkh lseSa bl thjks fVy e'khu ls fctkbZ djrk vk jgk gw¡A esjh viuhe'khu gSA Qly esa ihykiu ugha vkrk rFkk teko Hkh vPNkgksrk gSA Qly ds fxjus dh lEHkkouk de gksrh gSA jsbZ okys[ksrksa esa vf/kd teko o iSnkokj gksrh gSA lkekU; voLFkk esa HkhiSnkokj T;knk gksrh gSA jsbZ okys [ksrksa esa iSnkokj cgqr c<+ xbZgSA fctkbZ ds le; Hkh rsy o etnwjh de yxrh gS ftls 1000#0 izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gks tkrh gSA

Gurdeep Singh S/o Sh. Pritam SinghVillage Bainsi, Rohtak

Since 2001, I have been using this technique.Yellowness in crop does not occur and germinationis very fine. Lodging is not observed. Yield is alsogood in saline soil as well as normal fertile soil.There is saving of diesel and labour. So, per acreRs. 1000 saving is there.

gfj;k.kk d`f"k fo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfud MkW0 lej flagus lu~ 1999 esa eq>s bl rduhd ds ckjs esa crk;kA blrduhd ls eaMwlh ij fu;U=.k gksrk gSA teko Hkh vPNk gksrkgS rFkk cht dh cpr gksrh gSA Mhty dk [kpZ Hkh de gks tkrkgSA bruh lHkh cprksa ds ckotwn izfr ,dM+ yxHkx 2 fDoaVyvf/kd iSnkokj gksrh gSA eSa nwljs fdlkuksa dks Hkh ;g rduhdviukus dh lykg nsrk gw¡A

Ram Kishan S/o Sh. Nanu RamVillage Bhaini Kalan, Karnal

I was told about this technique by Dr. SamarSingh of HAU. This technique controls

. Germination is good. Saving of seed anddiesel is there. Two q per acre more yield isobtained. I advise other farmers to adopt thistechnique of zero tillage.

Phalaris

minor

eq>s bl rduhd dh tkudkjh 1996 esa gfj;k.kk d`f"kfo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfud MkW0 v'kksd ;kno ls feyhA esjhviuh thjks fVy e'khu gSA bl rduhd ls cht vkSj le; dhcpr ds lkFk&lkFk xsgw¡ dh Hkjiwj teokj gksrh gS rFkk Qlyesa ihykiu Hkh ugha vkrk D;ksafd thjks fVy tehu tYnh ikuhih ysrh gSA cht Åij u vkus ds dkj.k eaMwlh dk izdksi degksrk gSA ,d ikuh T;knk yxrk gS fdUrq izfr flapkbZ ikuhyxkus esa de le; yxrk gSA izfr ,dM+ 2 fDoaVy iSnkokjvf/kd gksrh gS rFkk 500 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh cpr Hkh gksrh gSA eSabl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡A

Ramphal S/o Sh. Kali RamVillage Teak, Kaithal

Dr. Ashok Yadav from Haryana AgriculturalUniversity, Hisar told me about this technique. Thistechnique saves seed and time. Germination isvery good. No yellowness occurs.infestation is less. Per acre 2 q more yield isobtained. Saving of Rs. 500 is there. I am satisfiedwith this technique.

Phalaris minor

lu~ 1995 esa g0 d`0 fo0 ds oSKkfud MkW0 /keZohj ;knols gesa bl rduhd dk irk pykA lu~ 1997 esa 12 ,dM+ ijthjks fVy ls fctkbZ dh Fkh ysfdu fiNys nks lky ls 40 ,dM+ij bl fof/k ls fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A nl fdyksxzke izfr ,dM+cht dh cpr gqbZ vkSj 25 izfr'kr le; dh Hkh cpr gqbZA xsgw¡wdk Hkjiwj teko gksrk gSA eaMwlh de mxrh gS] 550 #0 izfr,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gS rFkk iSnkokj 1&2 fDoaVy T;knk ghgksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡ rFkk nwljksa dks Hkh viukusdh lykg nsrk gw¡ ysfdu thjks fVy rduhd ls igys eSa dVjiz;ksx djrk FkkA

Ramesh Chand S/o Sh. Ronak RamVillage Teak, Kaithal

I started using this technique in 1997. Per acre10 kg seed is saved. Time saving is also there.Germination is good. Germination ofis less. Rs. 550 per acre are saved. Yield is 1-2 qmore. I am satisfied with this technique and adviseother farmers to adopt it.

Phalaris minor

MkW0 /keZohj ;kno ds-oh-ds- dSFky ls 1997 esa eq>s blrduhd dk irk pyk FkkA eSa viuh e'khu ls 100 ,dM+ esa blrduhd ls fctkbZ djrk gw¡A bl rduhd ls le; vkSj chtdh cpr rks gksrh gS fdUrq teokj dqN de gksrk gSA Qly esauk rks ihykiu vkrk gS vkSj uk gh fxjus dk Mj gksrk gSAeaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA teokj de gksus ds dkj.kiSnkokj dqN de gqbZA ysfdu eSa bl rduhd ls lUrq"V gw¡ vkSjnwljs fdlkuksa dks lykg nsrk gw¡ fd bl rduhd dks t:jviuk,aA

Rakam Singh S/o Sh. Baru RamVillage Teak, Kaithal

I use this technique in 100 acre with mymachine. It saves time and seed. There is neitheryellowness nor lodging in crop. Infestation of

is less. This is a very goodtechnique and other farmers must adopt it.Phalaris minor

eq>s bl rduhd dh tkudkjh 1996 esa gfj;k.kk d`f"kfo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfud MkW0 v'kksd o MkW0 vkj- ds- efydls feyhA ikap fdyksxzke izfr ,dM+ cht dh cpr gksrh gSAbl rduhd ls le; cprk gS Hkjiwj teokj gksrk gSA chtxgjk fxjrk gS vkSj tehu l[r jgrh gS blfy, Qly dsfxjus dh lEHkkouk de jgrh gSA l[r tehu eaMwlh ds chtdks mxus ugha nsrhA ikuh dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk 550 #0 izfr,dM+ dh cpr gksrh gh gSA iSnkokj Hkh 2 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+T;knk gksrh gSA cklerh /kku ;k dEckbZu ls dVkbZ okyhtehu esa] /kku dh ijkyh e'khu esa Qalus ls fiNys ifg, tkegks tkrs gSa rFkk cht ugha fxjrkA bl leL;k dk lek/kkufd;k tkuk pkfg,A

Nakli Ram S/o Sh. Singh RamVillage Teak, Kaithal

I was told about this technique in 1996 by HAUscientists. 5 kg seed per acre is saved. It savestime. Germination is quite good. No lodging isobserved. Hard soil does not allowto germinate. Alongwith saving of water, Rs. 550are also saved per acre. 2 q more yield is obtained.

Phalaris minor

eSa lu~ 2000 ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ bl rduhd ls djrk vkjgk gw¡A ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys 1300 #0 izfr ,dM+ dhcpr ds lkFk&lkFk igyk ikuh de yxrk gSA fctkbZ vxsrho VkbZe ij gks tkrh gSA blls iSnkokj cgqr c<+h gS] [kpkZ degksrk gSA bl fctkbZ ls dqjaM ugha gksrhA teokj vPNhgksrh gSA bl {ks= ds fy, ;g cgqr vPNh rduhd gSA

xsgw¡

Singhram S/o Sh. Chajju RamVillage Bharpur, Ambala

I have been sowing wheat by this techniquesince 2000. Alongwith a saving of Rs.1300/acre incomparison to conventional tillage, waterrequirement first irrigation is also less. Sowing isearly and at the same time this techniqueincreases yields and reduce cost of production. Bythis sowing, there is no crust formation. Seedgermination is good. This is a good technique forthis area.

iSnkokj dk T;knk gksuk] xsgw¡ dk u fxjuk] fctkbZ dsle; [kpZ de vkuk] fctkbZ djrs le; VkbZe dh cpr][kjirokj dk de gksukA ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys 1500#0 izfr ,dM+ dk Qk;nk gksrk gSA tehu ikuh tTc dedjrh gS blfy, ihykiu ugha vkrkA e'khujh dh de f?klkbZgksrh gSA

Jagmal Singh S/o Sh. Kidu RamVillage Sherpur, Ambala

Higher crop yield, no crop lodging, less cost atthe time of sowing, saving of time at the time ofsowing, less weed infestation. There is a benefit ofRs. 1500/acre as compared to conventionaltechnique. Infiltration is more due to which damagefrom heavy rain is less.

riM+ esa gok de feyrh gSA blfy, xqYyh M.Mk deterk gSA le; dh cpr] Mhty dh cpr] iSnkokj T;knkgksrh gSA ;g NksVs&cM+s nksuksa fdlkuksa ds fy, ykHkdkjh gSAMkdj tehu esa bl rjg dh fctkbZ vo'; djsaA

Naib Singh S/o Sh. Jeet SinghVillage Sherpur, Ambala

is less less because of less soilaeration in zero-tillage. There is saving of time,diesal and yield is more. This is useful for bothsmall and large farmers. In hard soils zero-tillagesowing should be done.

Phalaris minor

rkiM+ fctkbZ gekjs xkao esa 'kq: ls gks jgh gSA eSaus 2002 esaiM+kslh ds ;gka ns[kdj igyh ckj dhA teokj cgqr vPNkgksrk gS] le; ij fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA fctkbZ dk [kpZ devkrk gSA xsgw¡ ihys ugha iM+rs vkSj Qly fxjrh ughaA rkiM+ esatehu dks gok de feyrh gS blfy, [kjirokj dk izdksi degksrk gSA ,d ikuh de yxrk gSA

Krishan Dev S/o Sh. Jai RamVillage Landa, Ambala

Zero-tillage sowing is being practised in ourvillage since begining. I started in 2002 after seeingat neighbour’s field. Germination is very good andsowing is done on time. Cost of sowing is less.There is no yellowing and lodging of crop. Sincesoil aeration is less in zero-tillage, weed infestationis reduced. One irrigation is saved.

nwljs fdlku ds [ksr esa bl fof/k ls cf<+;k dud dhQly gksrk ns[kdj bl fof/k dks viuk;kA thjks fVyst esaikuh de yxrk gS vkSj fctyh dk [kpkZ de vkrk gSA dudihyh ugha iM+rh] Qly de fxjrh gSA tehu ds u mFkyus lseaMwlh de mxrh gSA ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys iSnkokj 4&5fDoa0 vf/kd gksrh gSA

Garnail Singh S/o Sh. Sadhu RamVillage Landa, Ambala

I adopted this technique after seeing goodcrop at field of other farmers sown with thistechnique. Less water is required in zero-tillageand electricity charges are reduced. There is noyellowing and lodging of wheat crop. Since soil isnot disturbed in zero-tillage. Phaalaris minorgermination is reduced. Yield is 4-5 q/ha more ascompared to conventional tillage.

thjks fVyst rduhd ds ckjs esa loZizFke gfj;k.kk d`f"kfo'ofo|ky; ds MkW0 v'kksd ;kno ls 1999 esa irk pykftUgksaus ml lky 3 ,dM+ esa fctkbZ djokbZA bl fof/k lscqokbZ djus ij 17&18 yhVj izfr ,dM+ ds fglkc ls Mhtydh cpr gksrh gS] Qly dk teokj Hkh vPNk gksrk gSA iSnkokjesa Hkh 1&2 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+ o`f) gksrh gSA blds vfrfjDr[ksr esa cjlkr dk ikuh [kM+k ugha gksrk] ftlls cjlkr dsdkj.k Qly esa ihykiu ugha gksrkA eaMwlh dh leL;k Hkh degqbZ gS ijUrq taxyh ikyd dk izdksi c<+ x;k gSA tgka rdflapkbZ dh ckr gS ikuh T;knk nsuk iM+rk gS ysfdu igys ikuhnsus esa lkekU; ls vk/kk le; yxrk gSA bl rduhd dhlQyrk dks ns[kdj vc eSa viuh lkjh tehu yxHkx 40,dM+ esa blh fof/k ls fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A blds lkFk&lkFk20&25 ,dM+ dh fctkbZ fdjk, ij djds vfrfjDr vkenuhHkh djrk gw¡A izns'k ds fdlkuksa dks ;gh lykg nwaxk fd xsgw¡ dhfctkbZ blh fof/k ls djsaA

Ram Singh S/o Sh. Chaul SinghVillage Teekl, Kaithal

I got information about zero tillage technologyfor the first time from Dr. Ashok Yadav of CCSHAU,Hisar in 1998. He helped in sowing of 3 acres.Sowing with this technique saves diesel 17-18l/acre and germination of crop is also very good.Yield also increased by 1-2 q/acre. Besides this,there is no water logging due to rainfall and thusthere is no yellowing of crop. Problem of isreduced but infestation has increased. Asfar as irrigation is concerned, more water is to beapplied but time required for first post-sowingirrigation is reduced to half. After seeing thesuccess of this technique, I am sowing whole of myfield (40 acres) with this technique. I also getadditional income by sowing 20-25 acres oncustom hure basis. I will suggest the farmers ofstate to sow wheat crop with this technique.

Phalaris

Rumex

eq>s thjks fVyst ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ,p-,-;w- dsoSKkfudksa ls 1997 esa feyhA bl fof/k ls Qly fxjrh Hkh ughagSA flapkbZ ds ikuh dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk 1000 #0 dh cprgksrh gS rFkk 1&2 fDoaVy iSnkokj vf/kd gksrh gSA vPNhDokfyVh dh e'khu ugha feyrh gSA iatkc ls ykbZ xbZ e'khuvPNh gSA

Raj Kumar S/o Sh. SompalVillage Faral, Kaithal

I got information about zero tillage technologyfrom HAU scientists in 1997. It saves both irrigationwater, as well as Rs. 1000/acre on cost of sowing.Yield increases upto 1-2 q per acre as compared toconventional tillage. Apart from this lodgingproblem in wheat is reduced considerably.

eq>s bl rduhd ds ckjs es tkudkjh iM+kslh ls 1999 esafeyh FkhA blls le; dh cpr gksrh gS rFkk xsgw¡ Hkjiwj terkgS rFkk igyh flapkbZ ds ckn Qly ihyh ugha iM+rh gS] u ghfxjrh gSA [kjirokj dk izdksi Hkh de gksrk gSA xsgw¡ dh cqokbZds fy, ;g rduhd cgqr Qk;ns okyh gSA esgur Hkh cgqrcprh gSA [kpZ de] iSnkokj 2&3 fDoaVy T;knk] vkSj D;kpkfg, \

Pradeep S/o Sh. Preetam SinghVillage Faral, Kaithal

I heard about this technology from myneighbour in 1999. It saves time and expenditure.Crop does not turn yellow after first irrigation andthere is no lodging problem. Weed infestation isalso very less. This technology is very useful forsowing of wheat. Less labour, less expenditure,yield 2-3 q/acre higher, what more is needed?

1998 esa ,p-,-;w- ds oSKkfudksa us thjks fVyst ds ckjs esatkudkjh nh FkhA bl fof/k ls le; dh cpr gksrh gSA xsgw¡ dhteokj vPNh gS rFkk xsgw¡ igyh flapkbZ ds ckn ihyk ugha gksrkgSA dud ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys fxjrh ugha gSA eaMwlhdk izdksi de gksrk gSA bl fof/k ls 800 #0 de [kpZ gksrk gSAeSa nwljs fdlkuksa dks bl fof/k dks viukus dh lykg t:jnwaxkA

Satish Kumar S/o Sh. Raj KumarVillage Faral, Kaithal

Haryana Agricultural University scientists toldme about this technology. It saves time andRs. 800/acre on diesel cost. Germination is verygood. Crop neither lodges nor turns yellow.

infestation is less. I am satisfiedwith this technique and suggest other farmers toadopt it.

Phalaris minor

eSa foxr lu~ 2000 ls thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡ dhfctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ le; ij gks tkrh gSA chtdh ek=k fNM+dk fof/k ds eqdkcys 10 fdyksxzke de iM+rh gSAflapkbZ ds ikuh dh cpr Hkh gksrh gSA cjlkr dk ikuh Hkhtehu tYnh ih tkrh gS ftlds dkj.k ikS/kk ihyk ugha iM+rkAcjlkr ds ckn rst gok ls Hkh Qly ds fxjus dh laHkkouk degksrh gSA izfr ,dM+ 15&16 yhVj Mhty dh cpr gksrh gS vkSjiSnkokj Hkh 2&3 fDoaVy vf/kd gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd lscgqr larq"V gw¡A

Sukhvinder Singh S/o Sh. Takht SinghVillage Durana, Jind

I have been using this technique since 2000.In this technique 10 kg/acre less seed is used ascompared to broadcasting. Saving of irrigationwater and 15-16 litre/acre diesel. Infiltration rate ishigher than conventional tillage so crop is notharmed by water stagnation. There is no lodgingand 2-3 q/acre higher yield is obtained. I am fullysatisfied with this technology.

d`f"k foKku dsUnz] jksgrd ds oSKkfudksa ls tkudkjhfeyh fd ,d ,slh e'khu vkbZ gS ftlls fcuk tqrkbZ fd;s xsgw¡dh cqokbZ dh tk ldrh gSA xsgw¡ ds ikS/kksa dk QqVko rks FkksM+kde gksrk gS blfy, 10 fdyksxzke T;knk cht Mkyrk gw¡Ateokj cgqr vPNk gksrk gSA Qly ds ihyk iM+us o fxjus dhleL;k de ns[kus esa vkbZ gSA ;wfj;k 25 fdyksxzke izfr ,dM+T;knk Mkyuh iM+rh gSA iSnkokj 2&3 fDoaVy vf/kd feyrhgSA eSa bl rduhd ls larq"V gw¡A

Shakti Singh S/o Sh. Rishal SinghVillage Kharak, Rohtak

Scientists from KVK, Rohtak told us aboutzero tillage machine. We use 10 kg/acre moreseed and 25 kg/acre more fertilizer. Germination isbetter. No lodging and yellowing of crop is thereand yield increases upto 3 q/acre. I am wellsatisfied with this technology.

eSa lu~ 1999 ls thjks fVyst fof/k ds }kjk xsgw¡ dh fctkbZdj jgk gw¡A igys rks fo'okl ugha gqvk ysfdu fj'rsnkjfdlku dh bl fof/k ls cksbZ gqbZ Qly ns[kh vkSj 1999 ls60&70 ,dM+ tehu ij bl rduhd dks bLrseky dj jgk gw¡Aesjh viuh e'khu gS ftlls viuh tehu esa fctkbZ dsvfrfjDr izfr o"kZ fdjk, ij Hkh 30&40 ,dM+ dh fctkbZdjrk gw¡A bl fof/k ls fctkbZ djus ij xsgw¡ dh teokj Hkjiwjgksrh gSA blds vfrfjDr Qly ds fxjus vkSj ihyk iM+us tSlhleL;k Hkh de gksrh gSA eSa [kkn dqN T;knk Mkyrk gw¡ ijiSnkokj Hkh 2&3 fDoaVy izfr ,dM+ vf/kd izkIr djrk gw¡A esjsfy, lcls cM+h ckr 60&70 ,dM+ tehu esa xsgw¡ dh fctkbZle; ij dj ysuk gSA

Hawa Singh S/o Sh. Abhay RamVillage Dhadrath, Jind

I am oractising zero-tillage wheat sowing since1999. First of all I did not believe but when I sawthe crop sown with this technique at the field of arelative, I started sowing of 60-70 acres in 1999with this technique. I have my own machine forsowing my fields. I also sow 30-40 acres oncustom hire basis every year. Wheat germination isvery good in this technique. There is no problem ofyellowing and lodging in crop. I also apply morefertilizers but yield is also more by 2-3 q/acre. Mainadvantage to me is to complete sowing of 60-70acres at time.

esjh mez 35 o"kZ gSA eSa fiNys 5 o"kksZa ls thjks fVyst e'khu}kjk xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ 10&15 ,dM+ esa dj jgk gw¡A iqjkuh fof/kdh vis{kk cksvkbZ 8&10 fnu igys gks tkrh gSA eaMwlh cgqrde mxrh gS D;ksafd tgk¡ xsgw¡ dk cht iM+rk gS ogha feV~Vhfgyrh gS ckdh txg ughaA blds vykok tehu ikuh tYnhlks[k ysrh gS ftlls cjlkr dk ikuh [kM+k ugha gksrk tSlkijEijkxr fof/k esa ns[kk x;k gS ] blls Qly dks uqdlku degksrk gSA thjks fVyst viukus ls izfr ,dM+ yxHkx 2 fDoaVyiSnkokj vf/kd gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls dkQh larq"V gw¡A

Lakhpat Ram S/o Sh. Dharey RamVillage Dhadrath, Jind

I am 35 years old. I have been sowing wheatin 10-15 acre land with zero tillage machine for lastfive years. Sowing is 8-10 days earlier thanconventional tillage. Germination ofis less due to less exposer of seed to light.Moreover, soil absorbs water quickly and rain waterdoes not stagnate. Crop is not harmed by heavyrains. The yield can be increased by 2 q/acre afteradopting this technology. I am fully satisfied withthis technology.

Phalaris minor

riM+ esa fctkbZ ds Qk;ns gh Qk;ns gSaA esjk lkjk xkaoriM+ esa fctkbZ djrk gSA ge 1999 ls riM+ esa fctkbZ djrs gSaAle; dh cpr] Mhty dh cprA dudh tgk¡ e'khu pyrh gSogha mxrh gSA nkus xgjs iM+us ds dkj.k rst gok esa Hkh dudugha fxjrh vkSj iSnkokj c<+rh gSA ge bl rduhd ls larq"VgSaA

Balkar Singh S/o Sh. Kasail SinghVillage Landa, Ambala

My whole village is using this zero tillagetechnique. It has so many benefits. We have beenusing this technique since 1999. Time and dieselsaving is there. is controlled. Nolodging is there and more yields are obtained. Weare satisfied with this technique.

Phalaris minor

vPNh rduhd gS le; dh cpr] Mhty dh cpr] nkus[kwM+ksa esa iM+us ds dkj.k Qly fxjrh ughaA tehu u [kqyus dsdkj.k dudh de terh gSA iSnkokj cjkcj vkrh gSA vxj[ksr lkQ gks o ueh gks rks xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ thjks e'khu ls djsaA

Raghuvir Singh S/o Sh. Inder SinghVillage Danaura, Ambala

Zero tillage technique is quite good. Time issaved, diesel is saved. Lodging does not occur assowing is done deep in lines. Germination of

is less. Yields are equal ascompared to conventional tillage. If field is cleanand moisture is there, then sowing should be donewith zero tillage.

Phalaris minor

igyh ckj bl e'khu dks iM+kslh fdlku ds [ksr esa ns[kkAiSnkokj Hkh vPNh gqbZ vkSj [kpZ Hkh deA ;g rks cgqr gh cf<+;krduhd gSA blls izfr ,dM+ 30 yhVj Mhty dh cpr gksrhgSA Qly fxjrh ugha gS iSnkokj Hkh vPNh gSA nwljs fdlku Hkhbl rduhd dks viuk;saA eSa vU; Qlyksa puk] ljlksa dhfctkbZ Hkh thjks fMªy e'khu ls gh djrk gw¡ vkSj iSnkokj Hkhvf/kd gksrh gSA

Gurlal Singh S/o Sh. Rajender SinghVillage Andhgarh, Karnal

I saw this machine first time in neighbour'sfield. Yields are quite good and expenditure is alsoless. Per acre 30 litre diesel is saved. No lodgingis there. Other farmers should adopt this technique.I also use zero till machine for sowing gram andmustard and more yield is obtained.

riM+ dh fctkbZ eSaus Nij xkao esa igyh ckj ns[khA mldsckn vxys lky eSaus Hkh riM+ esa fctkbZ dhA riM+ esa 5 fdykscht de Mkyrk gw¡] 4&5 fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSAMhty Hkh cprk gSA dud de fxjrh gSA riM+ esa iSnkokj Hkh2&3 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSA ,d ,dM+ esa fctkbZ ds le;900&1000 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA

Raghuvir Singh S/o Sh. Bachan SinghVillage Andhgarh, Karnal

I adopted this zero tillage technique afterobserving it in Chapper village. Five kg less seed isrequired. Sowing is done in time. Diesel is saved.Lodging is less. 2-3 q more yield is obtained.There is saving of Rs. 900-1000 per acre.

bl rduhd ls dud dh fctkbZ 5&7 fnu igys gkstkrh gSA cht dh cpr] Mhty dh cpr] 1500&1700 #0izfr ,dM+ cp tkrs gSaA [kkn cht ds ikl fxjus ds dkj.k iwjhrjg Qly dks feyrh gSA tM+ xgjh terh gS vkSj feV~Vhl[r gksus ds dkj.k Qly fxjrh ugha vkSj iSnkokj igys dscjkcj gksrh gSA tYnh fctkbZ vkSj de [kpZ ds lkFk&lkFkcjkcj iSnkokj gksrh gS blfy, fdlkuksa dks bls viukus esadksbZ ijs'kkuh ugha gksuh pkfg,A

Raj Kumar S/o Sh. Tel RamVillage Chamrodi, Yamunanagar

Sowing is completed in time by this zero tillagetechnique. Saving of seed and diesel is there. So,per acre Rs. 1500-1700 are saved. As fertilizer isplaced near seed so it is more available to plants.Deep roots are there, so lodging does not occur.Yields are equal alongwith early sowing and lessexpenditure. So, farmers must adopt thistechnique.

eq>s lu~ 2002 esa nwljs fdlkuksa ls bl rduhd ds ckjs esairk pykA xsgw¡ dk teko yxHkx 20 izfr'kr de gksrk gSAigyh flapkbZ ij Qly esa ihykiu ugha vkrkA ikuh ds [kkjkgksus ds dkj.k Qly ds fxjus dh laHkkouk T;knk gksrh gSAeaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA pkSM+h iÙkh okys [kjirokjT;knk vkrs gSaA teokj de gksus ds dkj.k 'kq: esa Qly ns[kusesa vPNh ugha yxrhA dqy feykdj cgqr vPNh rduhd gSA

Satbir Singh S/o Sh. Chandi RamVillage Diwal, Kaithal

I came to know about this technique in 2002from other farmer. Yellowness does not occur onfirst irrigation. infestation is less butbroad leaf weeds were noticeable. Crop does notpresent good look in the beginning. Overall it is avery good technique.

Phalaris minor

eq>s 1998 esa iM+kslh fdlku ls thjks fVy ls fctkbZ dsckjs esa irk pyk FkkA rHkh ls eSa 3 ,dM+ ij gj o"kZ blrduhd ls fctkbZ djrk gw¡A fctkbZ fdjk, dh e'khu lsdjokrk gw¡A le; dh cpr gksrh gSA Qly esa ihykiu ughavkrkA fxjus dh lEHkkouk de gksrh gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi degksrk gSA flapkbZ ds ikuh dh cpr gksrh gSA izfr ,dM+ 1000#0 dh cpr gksrh gSA nwljs fdlkuksa dks Hkh bls viukukpkfg,A cklerh /kku esa Qkuksa dh fnDdr vkrh gSA vxj mUgsadkVus dh e'khu lkFk esa tksM+ nsa rks vPNk gksxkA

Rajender Singh S/o Sh. Soran Singh

Village Teak, Kaithal

I have been using this technique since 1997.

This technique saves seed and time. Yellowness

does not occur. Germination of is

less. Irrigation water is saved but we use equal

amount of fertilizers. Per acre saving of Rs. 1000 is

there. This is a very good technique.

Phalaris minor

Raghuvir Singh S/o Sh. HarikeshVillage Teak, Kaithal

I have been using this technique since1998.Time is saved. Yellowness does not occur.Lodging is also less. infestation isless. Saving of irrigation water is there. Per acreRs. 1000 are saved. Other farmers should also usethis technique.

Phalaris minor

eq>s lu~ 1997 esa bl thjks fVy rduhd dk irk pykFkkA eSa fdjk;s dh e'khu ls fctkbZ djrk gw¡A thjks fVy e'khuls izfr ,dM+ 300 #0 fdjk;k nsuk iM+rk gSA bl rduhd lsle; dh cpr gksrh gSA teokj Hkh Hkjiwj gksrh gS vkSj Qlyesa ihykiu Hkh ugha gksrkA ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys Qlyds fxjus dh lEHkkouk de jgrh gSA ns[kus esa vk;k gS fdeaMwlh dk izdksi rks de gksrk gS ij taxyh ikyd T;knk gksrhgSA izfr ,dM+ yxHkx 1000 dh cpr gksrh gS rFkk iSnkokjizk;% 2 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls iw.kZr% [kq'kgw¡A

Rajpal S/o Sh. Krishan

Village Teak, Kaithal

I came to know about this technique in 1997. It

saves time. Germination is quite good. Yellowness

in crop is not noticed. Chances of lodging are less

as compared to conventional tillage. Infestation of

is less but jangli palak is more. Per

acre saving of Rs. 1000 is there. Yield is 2 q more.

I am quite satisfied with this technique.

Phalaris minor

bl thjks fVy rduhd ds ckjs esa 1996 ls tkurk gw¡A1997 esa eSaus ,d ,dM+ dh fctkbZ thjks fVy ls dh FkhA fQj1998 esa 2 ,dM+ vkSj mlds ckn ls vc rd 10 ,dM+ ij blfof/k ls fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A izfr ,dM+ 300 #0 fdjk;k nsdjfctkbZ djokrk gw¡A cht vkSj le; dh cpr gksrh gSA Qlyihyh ugha iM+rhA eaMwlh de mxrh gSA flapkbZ ds ikuh dhcpr rks gksrh gS ysfdu [kkn dh ek=k ijEijkxr fof/k dscjkcj j[krs gSaA izfr ,dM+ 1000 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA eSa blrduhd ls larq"V gw¡A

iM+kslh fdlku ls eq>s bl rduhd dh tkudkjh feyhAeSa fdjk;s dh e'khu ls fctkbZ djrk gw¡A bldks viukus lsdkQh le; cp tkrk gSA [kpZ Hkh de gksrk gSA izfr ,dM+800&900 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA Hkjiwj teko ds lkFk&lkFkQly esa ihykiu Hkh ugha vkrkA Qly fxjus dh lEHkkoukde gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA bl rduhd lsijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys vf/kd iSnkokj gksrh gSA vr%fdlku thjks fVy rduhd dks t:j viuk,aA

Harnek Singh S/o Sh. Jernail SinghVillage Bhaini Kalan, Karnal

My neighbour told me about this technique.Lot of time is saved by using this technique.Expenditure is also less. There is saving of Rs.800-900 per acre. Germination is good. Noyellowness is observed. No lodging is there.Infestation of is less. As comparedto conventional tillage, this technique gives moreyields. So, other farmers must adopt it.

Phalaris minor

iM+ksl ds xk¡o ds fdlkuksa us 1998 esa eq>s bl rduhd dsckjs esa crk;kA lcls cM+k Qk;nk rks blesa rsy [kir cgqr degS ftlls izfr ,dM+ 800&1000 #0 cp tkrs gSaA igyh flapkbZij ihykiu ugha vkrkA tehu l[r jgus ds dkj.k Qly defxjrh gSA Lizs u djus ij Hkh eaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSAflapkbZ ds ikuh dh cpr gksrh gSA cklerh /kku o nks /kku dhQly ysus ds ckn ;g rduhd mi;qDr gSA blesa T;knk uehdh t:jr iM+rh gSA

Karam Jeet Singh S/o Sh. Rishpal SinghVillage Kachwa, Karnal

In 1998, I started this technique. Diesel savingis there. Rs. 800-1000 are saved per acre. Noyellowness. No lodging. Infestation of

is less even without herbicide spray.Irrigation water is saved. This technique is quitesuitable after Basmati rice with good soil moisture.So, other farmers must adopt it.

Phalaris

minor

eSa lu~ 2000 ls bl fof/k }kjk fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A ikapfdyksxzke izfr ,dM+ cht de yxrk gSA teko vPNk jgrkgSA eaMwlh ds izdksi esa dkQh deh vkbZ gSA izfr ,dM+ 1000 #0dh cpr gksrh gS vkSj iSnkokj Hkh 1&2 fDoaVy rd vf/kd gksrhgSA /kku ds ckn rsy fctkbZ ls cpus ds fy, ;g vPNhrduhd gSA ikuh dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd lslarq"V gw¡ vkSj vU; fdlkuksa dks Hkh bls viukus dh lykg nsrkgw¡A

Sunil S/o Sh. Sahab SinghVillage Fatehpur, Sonepat

I have been using this technique since 2000.Five kg seed is saved per acre. Germination isgood. Infestation of is less. There issaving of Rs. 1000/acre and 2 q more yield isobtained. This is a very good technique to avoidlate sowing after rice. Water is also saved and Iadvise others to adopt it.

Phalaris minor

eSa 1996 ls yxkrkj thjks fVyst e'khu ls xgw¡ dh fctkbZdj jgk gw¡A lcls igys 1996 esa gfj;k.kk d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ds MkW0 vkj-ds-efyd us gekjs [ksr esa bl rduhd ls fctkbZdjus dk izLrko j[kkA rc Qly ds teokj vkSj iSnkokj dksysdj dkQh 'kadk eu esa FkhA ijUrq muds izksRlkgu vkSj ennds pyrs eSaus bl rduhd dks viuk;kA fctkbZ le; ls gkstkrh gSA teokj Hkh vPNk gksrk gSA eaMwlh ,d ckj esa tetkrh gS vkSj fQj Lizs ls ej tkrh gSA blls bl [kjirokj dkizdksi de gqvk gSA

Bhim Singh S/o Sh. Malkhan SinghVillage Teak, Kaithal

By adopting this technique 17-18 litre per acrediesel is saved. Germination is very good. Yield is1-2 q per acre more. No yellowness as waterstagnation does not occur. Less infestation of

but more of Jangli Palak. I advise allother farmers to adopt this technique.Phalaris minor

eSa fiNys pkj lky ls thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡ dhfctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A esjs ikl viuh e'khu gS ftlls eSa fdjk,ij Hkh yxHkx 100 ,dM+ dh fctkbZ dj pqdk gw¡A fctkbZ ds[kpZ esa izfr ,dM+ 400&500 #0 dh deh] le; dh cpr] xsgw¡dh Hkjiwj teokj ds lkFk&lkFk vPNh iSnkokj ds dkj.k eSacgqr larq"V gw¡A bl rduhd ls cks;h xbZ Qly gok pyus ijde fxjrh gSA igyh flapkbZ ij ihyh Hkh ugha iM+rh rFkk blesaeaMwlh dk izdksi Hkh de gksrk gSA izns'k ds nwljs fdlku HkkbZHkh bl rduhd ls ykHk mBk,aA

Gulzar Singh S/o Sh. Avtar SinghVillage Durana, Jind

I have been using zero tillage technique ofsowing for the last four years. I have my ownmachine with which I have sown about 100 acresof land on hire basis. Due to the benefits like costsaving of Rs. 400-500/acre, time saving, goodgermination, alongwith better yields, I am fullysatisfied with this technique. The zero till sownwheat has no lodging problem, no yellowing at firstirrigation and less infestation of .Other farmers of the state should also adopt thistechnique.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVy e'khu ,d cgqr mi;ksxh e'khu gSA bl e'khuls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dj de ykxr esa vPNh iSnkokj yh tkldrh gSA fNM+dk fof/k ds eqdkcys izfr ,dM+ 5 fdyks chtde Mkyuk iM+rk gS vkSj fctkbZ yxHkx 5&7 fnu igys gksrhgSA dEckbZu ls /kku dh dVkbZ okys [ksrksa esa ,d gYdh tqrkbZds ckn bl e'khu ls fctkbZ vklku gks tkrh gSA

Narender Singh S/o Sh. Amrik SinghVillage Durana, Jind

Zero till drill is a very useful machine. By usingthis technique, higher yields of wheat can beobtained at less cost, as compared to conventionalbroadcasting method. This technique saves 4-5 kgseed per acre and sowing can be done 5-7 daysearlier. In combine harvested rice fields, shallowcultivation will facilitate the sowing of wheat withzero till drill.

fiNys o"kZ thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ 1-5,dM+ esa dhA blls xsgw¡ cksus ls ijEijkxr fof/k dh rqyuk esagesa dbZ Qk;ns utj vk, vkSj bl lky eSaus 8 ,dM+ esa ble'khu ls fctkbZ dh gSA izfr ,dM+ 5 fdyks cht vkSj 25 fdyks;wfj;k T;knk Mkyrk gw¡ D;ksafd QqVko FkksM+k de fn[kkbZ fn;kFkk ijUrq le; ij fctkbZ] Mhty dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFkvPNh iSnkokj ds dkj.k eSa larq"V gw¡A bl o"kZ 80&90 ,dM+ xsgw¡dh fctkbZ fdjk, ij djds vfrfjDr vkenuh Hkh dh gSA

Rakesh Kumar S/o Sh. Chander SinghVillage Kharak, Rohtak

Last year I tried this machine for sowing 1.5acre of land. By observing the benefits of zerotillage as compared to conventional sowing. Iadopted this technique in eight acres during thisyear. Though more seed (5 kg/acre) and urea (20kg/acre) are applied. However, due to timelysaving, diesel saving and higher yields, I amsatisfied with this technique. I earned about Rs.30,000 by sowing of 80-90 acres of other farmers.

eSaus lu~ 2000 esa thjks fVyst e'khu ls 2 ,dM+ Hkwfe ijxsgw¡ dh fctkbZ dh vkSj vc viuh 10 ,dM+ tehu dsvfrfjDr 100 ,dM+ ds djhc tehu fdjk, ij ysdj ble'khu ls fctkbZ dj jgk gw¡A eq>s vius fj'rsnkj ls blrduhd ds ckjs esa irk pyk FkkA fctkbZ le; ls gks tkrh gSvkSj fctkbZ ij yxHkx 700&800 #0 izfr ,dM+ [kpZ Hkh devkrk gSA eSa izfr ,dM+ 2&3 fDoaVy vfrfjDr mit izkIr djjgk gw¡A ysfdu 50 fdyksxzke ;wfj;k vf/kd Mkyuh iM+rh gSAvktdy cktkj esa vusd dEifu;ksa dh e'khusa vk xbZ gSaftudh xq.koRrk izekf.kr ugha gS ] bl fo"k; esa /;ku fn;ktkuk pkfg,A

Rajesh S/o Sh. Mouji RamVillage Lakhan Majra, Rohtak

I used zero tillage first time in 2000 in twoacres. Now I have sown 10 acres of wheat with thismachine and about 100 acres of other farmers. Icame to know about this technique from myrelatives. Sowing is completed in time and savingof Rs. 700-800/acre. I apply 50 kg more urea thanconventional tillage. My production level increasedupto 2-3 q/acre after adoption of this technology.These days in market, there are too manymachines of different companies whose quality isnot certified, so to take care of quality.

bl fof/k ls Qly dh cqokbZ vxsrh o de [kpZ esa gkstkrh gSA cht Hkh de yxrk gS le; Hkh cprk gSA rsy Hkh deyxrk gSA iSnkokj fNM+ds okyh xsgw¡ ds eqdkcys 1&2 fDoaVyT;knk vkrh gSA eSa thjks fVyst dh fctkbZ ls csgn [kq'k gw¡A

Satpal S/o Sh. Om ParkashVillage Mandi, Panipat

By this technique sowing of crop can be doneearly with less cost, seed requirement is less andyield is 1-2 q higher as compared to broadcastingmethod. I am very happy to use this technology.

bl e'khu ds ckjs esa lu~ 2001 esa dq#{ks= esa ,d fj'rsnkjds [ksr ij ns[kkA vPNh rduhd gS blesa ge 10 fdyksxzkede cht Mkyrs gSa vkSj [kkn Hkh de Mkyrs gSaA [kkn tM+ksa esaiM+us ds dkj.k teokj o QqVko Hkh vPNk gksrk gSA Qlyfxjrh Hkh ugha gSA dudh Hkh de vkrh gSA iSnkokj Hkh 1&2fDoaVy c<+h gSA eSa bl Ik)fr ls [kq'k gw¡A

Rajender Singh S/o Sh. Bhim SinghVillage Balana, Panipat

I saw this machine in 2001 in Kurukshetra atrelative's farm. This is a good technique. We use10 kg less seed and apply less fertilizers. Due toplacement of fertilizer in cost zone, there is goodtillering and there is no lodging. The population ofPhalaris is also lower and 1-2 q increase in yield isthere. I am happy with this technology.

thjks fVyst esa fdlku dks lcls cM+k Qk;nk Mhty dhcpr] le; dh cpr] VªSDVj dh f?klkbZ de gksrh gSA blesa700&800 #0 izfr ,dM+ fctkbZ ds le; cp tkrs gSaA Qlyfxjrh Hkh ugha gSA bldh fctkbZ ueh esa djuh pkfg,A Mkdjtehu ds fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gSA

Narender Singh S/o Sh. Om SinghVillage Chamrada, Panipat

Benefits of zero tillage to the farmer are dieseland time saving. Less wear and tear of tractor. Itsaves Rs. 700-800 per acre at the time of sowing.There is no lodging of crop also. Sowing should bedone in moist soil. This is very useful techniquefor heavy soil.

thjks fVyst ds cgqr Qk;ns gSaA Mkdj tehu esa rks cgqrgh Qk;nk gSA le; dh cpr gksrh gSA [kpZ Hkh de gksrk gSAfdjk;k 1000 #0 de nsus iM+rs gSaA Qly fxjrh Hkh ugha gSAuje tehu ds de Qk;ns gSaA

Bijender S/o Sh. VedpalVillage Chamrada, Panipat

There are many benefits of zero tillage. This isparticularly very beneficial in heavy soil. There istime saving and cost is also low. Rs. 1000 less areto be paid as hiring charges. There is no lodging ofcrop. There are less benefits in light soils.

blls gesa le; dh cpr gksrh gS] 20&22 yhVj izfr,dM+ Mhty dh cpr gksrh gSA cht iwjk mxrk gSA iSnkokj Hkhvf/kd gSA blesa ge ,d dV~Vk ;wfj;k T;knk Mkyrs gSaA izfr,dM+ 700&800 #0 dh cpr gksrh gSA Qly fxjrh Hkh ughagSA vPNh rduhd gSA

Surender Singh S/o Sh. SurajmalVillage Bajana Khurd, Sonepat

With this technique we can save time and 20-22 litre per acre diesel. There is completegermination of seed and higher yields are obtained.We apply one bag of extra urea in this. There is asaving of Rs. 700-800 per acre. There is no lodgingproblem. Overall, this is a good technique.

fcuk tqrkbZ xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ igyh ckj fj'rsnkj ds ;gk¡xksgkuk esa ns[kh FkhA vxys lky mudh e'khu ls gesa Hkh 2,dM+ dh cqokbZ djds ns[khA gekjs dqN [ksr ugj ds uhps gSaAigys muesa iSnkokj cgqr de gksrh Fkh ij vc thjks ls ml[ksr esa 60 eu rd xsgw¡ gksrs gSaA gekjs fy, rks ;g e'khu cgqrQk;nsean lkfcr gqbZA ges rks etk vk x;kA igys ,d eghukyxrk Fkk [ksr rS;kj djus esa vc 10 fnu esa lkjs dke gks tkrsgSaA igys 6&7 Mªke rsy ds yxrs FksA vc ,d Mªke esa dke pytkrk gSA VªSDVj Hkh ugha VwVrk FkksM+k cht T;knk Mkyrs gSaA vcviuh e'khu [kjhn yh gSA 100 ,dM+ xk¡o esa cks, mlls Hkh30&40 gtkj #Ik;s dek fy;sA iSnkokj cjkcj vkrh gSA

Jagbir Singh S/o Sh. Mahender SinghVillage Jharoth, Sonepat

First time I saw zero tillage sown wheat inGohana on my relative field. Firstly I experimentedby sowing only two acres with zero till drill. Few ofour fields are near the canal .Earlier there was veryless production in them but now the same fieldsproduce 20-22 q/ha of wheat. This machine provedreally very beneficial for us. Earlier it use to takeone month in preparing the farm but now all work isdone within 10 days. Earlier it consumed 6-7 drumsof oil, but now only one drum. Now I havepurchased my own machine. I have earned Rs. 30-40 thousands by sowing100 acres in my village.The production is almost the same in both zero andconventional sowing.

thjks fVyst e'khu ls fctkbZ ds cgqr Qk;ns gSa S igys10&12 ckj [ksr tksruk iM+rk Fkk ftlesa cgqr rsy yxrk Fkkij vc ,d ckj gh VªSDVj pykuk iM+rk gSA rsy dh cgqr cprgksrh gSA esgur Hkh cgqr de gksrh gSA igys [ksr rS;kj djus esacgqr le; yxrk Fkk ij vc le; cgqr de yxrk gSA Qlyfxjrh Hkh ugha gS] iSnkokj vPNh vkrh gSA yEch ckyh] nkukeksVk o pedhyk gksrk gSA blesa izfr ,dM+ 1000 #0 dk [kpkZde vkrk gSA ;g ,d Qk;ns okyh rduhd gSA

Dalip Singh S/o Sh. Pirthi SinghVillage Anandpur, Sonepat

Zero tillage machine is very beneficial. Earlierit needed to fill the field for 10 or 12 times whichused to consume a lot of oil. But now use thetractor only for once. It saves a lot of oil as well ashardwork. Earlier it took a lot of time to prepare afield but now it takes very little time. The crop alsodoes not lodge. The production is also very good.The earheads are much lower and the grains arebolder and shining. It saves Rs. 1000/acre. It isreally a beneficial technology.

bl rduhd ds ckjs esa gesa ,-Mh-vks- jksgV us crk;kA 'kq#okys lky eSaus 2 ,dM+ esa fctkbZ djokbZ vc lkjs xsgw¡ thjkse'khu ls chtrk gw¡A blesa cht vkSj [kkn FkksM+k T;knk MkyrsgSaA rsy dh cpr o le; de yxrk gSA fctkbZ 5&6 fnuigys gks tkrh gSA xsgw¡ de fxjrh gSA iSnkokj fNVs ds eqdkcys1&2 fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSA

Jagpal Singh S/o Sh.KartarSinghVillage Jharoth, Sonepat

We were told about this technique first by

A.D.O., Rohat.In first year I sowed only two acres

but now I sow all wheat by zero till machine. It

needs less seed and fertilizer. It saves oil as well

as time. There is less lodging of crop. The

production also increases by about 1-2 q per acre.

igys lky ,d ,dM+ esa fctkbZ djokbZ vPNh iSnkokjgqbZA vPNh e'khu gSA ;g fctkbZ xjdh] Mkdj o jsgh dhtehu esa cgqr dke;kc gSA xjdh okyh tehu esa esjh iSnkokjbl e'khu ls fctkbZ djus ij nksxquh gks xbZ gSA ijEijkxrfof/k ds eqdkcys bl rduhd ls fctkbZ ds le; 1500&1700#0 izfr ,dM+ dk Qk;nk gksrk gSA fctkbZ Hkh 5&7 fnu igysgks tkrh gSA iSnkokj cjkcj gksrh gS ij [kpkZ de yxrk gSAfdlkuksa dks xjdh o jsgh okyh tehu esa rks t:j fcuk ckgsbl e'khu ls fctkbZ djuh pkfg,A xjdh okyh tehu ds fy,;g ,d ojnku gSA

Aatma Ram S.o Sh. Hukam SinghVillage Jharoth, Sonepat

Firstly I adopt this technique in one acre.The

production was really good. This technology is very

successful in heavy soils, sodic soils and the fields

have water stagnation problem. This technology

doubles the production in the field near the canal

areas. In comparison to traditional methods this

technique will provide with the benefit of Rs.1500-

1700 acre. The sowing takes 5-7 days less time.

The production is same but the investment is less.

It is really a boon for Garki and rehi fields.

eq>s rhu lky igys lu~ 2002 esa thjks fVy fMªy ds ckjsesa xzke lsod ls irk pykA eSaus nwljs fdlkuksa dh bl fof/k lscksbZ gqbZ Qly ns[kh vkSj vxys lky 20 ,dM+ esa bl rduhddks viuk;kA esjh viuh fMªy gS ftlls eSa viuh tehu dslkFk&lkFk izfr o"kZ yxHkx 100 ,dM+ tehu dh fdjk, ijfctkbZ djrk gw¡A bl rduhd ls fctkbZ djus ij izfr ,dM+800 #0 [kpZ de vkrk gSA xsgw¡ dh teokj vPNh gksrh gS]tehu ikuh tYnh ih tkrh gS ftlls cjlkr ds dkj.kuqdlku de gksrk gSA Qly fxjrh Hkh de gSA eaMwlh dsizdksi esa cgqr deh vkbZ gS vkSj iSnkokj Hkh 2 fDoaVy izfr,dM+ T;knk gksrh gSA thjks fVy e'khu vk/kqfud d`f"k ;qx esacgqr mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ gSA

Harphool Singh S/o Sh. Chandan SinghVillage Dhadrath, Jind

I came to know about this technology inthe year 2002 from Gram Sewak. I also sowed fieldof different farmers by this technique. In next year Iadopted this technology in 20 acres of land. I havemy own drill and sowed wheat in about 20 acres inmy own field and about 100 acres of other farmers.It saved Rs. 800/acre. Germination also good. Soilsoaks rain water quickly so that crop is notdamaged by rain water stagnation. Crop neitherlodges nor turns yellow. infestationalso less. Yield increases upto 2 q/acre afteradoption of this technology. Zero tillage is bestresource conservation technique of present time.

Phalaris minor

ijEijkxr fof/k ls fctkbZ dh vis{kk thjks fVy ls xsgw¡dh fctkbZ djus ij N% ls lkr fnu tYnh [ksr dh fctkbZ gkstkrh gSA blds vykok fctkbZ djus esa Hkh vklkuh gksrh gSAflapkbZ esa yxHkx 30 izfr'kr de ikuh nsuk iM+rk gSA cjlkrds ckn rst gok pyus ij Qly de fxjrh gS vkSj tqrkbZ ds[kpZ esa Hkh izfr ,dM+ yxHkx 600 #0 deh vkrh gSA

Paramjeet Singh S/o Sh. Kuldeep Singh

Village Nidana, Rohtak

In zero tillage sowing of wheat is 6-7 days

earlier than conventional tillage. Also this is a easy

method of sowing. In zero tillage sown crop 30%

less water is used for irrigation, lodging is less by

fast winds. Ploughing expenditure is also reduced

about Rs. 600/acre in zero tillage.

thjks fVy fMªy ls xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ djus ds dbZ ykHk gSaA

fctkbZ le; ls gks tkrh gS vkSj [kpZ Hkh yxHkx 600 #0 de

gksrk gSA [kjirokj] [kkldj eaMwlh yxHkx 70 izfr'kr de

mxrh gSA Qly esa ihysiu vkSj fxjus dh leL;k rks fcYdqy

ugha gksrhA eSaus rks izfr ,dM+ 2&3 fDoaVy vf/kd iSnkokj ikbZ

gS vkSj bl rduhd ls eSa cgqr larq"V gw¡A

Mahender Singh S/o Sh. Gyane Ram

Village Dhadrath, Jind

Zero tillage has many advantages. Timely

sowing. Saving of Rs. 600/acre. Weed infestation

specially germination reduced upto

70% in zero tillage. No yellowing after first irrigation

and lodging problem is completely solved. I have

got an increased production by 2-3 q/acre. I am

fully satisfied with this technology.

Phalaris minor

Lu~ 2002 esa dud dh thjks fVyst ls fctkbZ ds ckjs esa

esjs iM+kslh 'kfDr flag us eq>s crk;kA blls 1000 #0 dh cpr

gksrh gSA cht Hkh de yxrk gSA ikuh Hkh cprk gSA xsgw¡ terk

Hkh vPNk gS vkSj igyh flapkbZ ds ckn ihyh ugha iM+rh gSA rst

gok o rwQku ls Qly ugha fxjrh gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi de

gksrk gSA iSnkokj vPNh gksrh gSA

Ramesh S/o Sh. Dhara Singh

Village Khark, Rohtak

I got information about sowing of wheat with

zero-tillage in 2002 from my neighbour Shakti

Singh. It save Rs. 1000. Less seed is required and

water is also saved. Wheat germination is also

good and crop does not become yellow after first

irrigation. There is no crop lodging due to strong

winds and storms. infestation is reduced

and yield is good.

Phalaris

thjks fVyst ls dud dh fctkbZ ds ckjs esa 2001 esa,p-,-;w- ds fdlku esys esa irk pyk blls eSa cgqr izHkkforgqvkA eSaus 2002 esa 15 ,dM+ xsgw¡ cks;k Fkk rks iSnkokj vPNhgqbZ rFkk cht o le; dh cpr gSaA xsgw¡ dh teokj vPNh gksrhgSA ets dh ckr rks ;g fd igyh flapkbZ ds ckn Qly ihyhugha gksrh gSA eaMwlh dk izdksi de gksrk gSA vc rks eSa 70,dM+ dh cqokbZ dj jgk gw¡ vkSj vc djuky ls e'khu [kjhnyh gSA eSa rks bl fof/k ls cgqr [kq'k gw¡A

lu~

lu~

Mahenderpal Singh S/o Sh. Gurbakhs SinghVillage Bashi, Rohtak

For the first time I got the information aboutzero tillage wheat sowing in 2001 at HAU KisanMela and I am very impressed by this technology. Isowed 15 acres in 2002 and got good yield. Itsaves time and money. Germination is good. Goodthing is that there is no yellowing after firstirrigation. infestation is less. Atpresent I am carrying out sowing in 70 acres. Ihave purchased machine from Karnal and I amvery happy with this technique.

Phalaris minor

lu~ 1999 esa esjs iM+kslh us eq>s bl rduhdh ds ckjs esacrk;kA bl fof/k ls cht dh cpr gksrh gSA xsgw¡ terk HkhBhd gSA igyh flapkbZ ds ckn Qly ihyh ugha gksrhA Qlyfxjrh Hkh ughaA eaMwlh de gksrhA bl fof/k ls lUrq"V gw¡A

Moti Ram S/o Sh. Azad SinghVillage Lakhan Majra, Rohtak

In year 1999, my neighbour told me about thistechnique. Less seed is required, good germinationof crop. No yellowing and lodging of crop. Phalarisgermination also less. I am satisfied with thistechnique.

iM+kslh xk¡o y.Mk ds esjs nksLr us eq>s bl fof/k ds ckjs esacrk;k fd fcuk tqrkbZ ds xsgw¡ Dh iSnkokj vPNh gksrh gSAblfy, eSaus 2001 esa 36 ,dM+ dh cqokbZ dhA blls le; dhcpr gksrh gSA xsgw¡ teokj Hkh vPNk gSA Qly fxjrh ugha rFkk500 #0 dh cpr gksrh gS rFkk iSnkokj 2 fDoaVy T;knk gksrhgSA eSa bl fof/k ls cgqr larq"V gw¡A eq>s rks fo'okl ugha gksrkfd fcuk tqrkbZ ds bruh vPNh Qly dSls gksxh \

Tirathdas S/o Sh. AsyrjlalVillage Chudiavas, Ambala

A friend of mine in the neighbouring village ofLanda told me that we can take good crop of wheatwithout ploughing. In year 2001, I did sowing in 36acres. It saves time and expenditure upto Rs.500/acre, good germination and lesser lodging ofcrop, yield increased upto 2 q/acre. I am fullysatisfied with this technique. I can't believe thatwithout ploughing how it can give good yield.

Fcuk xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ ds ckjs esa ds-oh-ds-txnh'kiqj] lksuhir ds MkWDVjksa ls irk pykA igys 12&15tqrkbZ djrs Fks vc fcuk tqrkbZ ds xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djrs gSaAigys rks lc dg jgs Fks lwjr ikxy gS ge Hkh lksp jgs Fks fdvc dh ckj uqdlku gksxk ij igys ikuh ckn ns[kk rks xsgw¡U;kjs gh Fks cgqr cf<+;k tke jgs FksA QqVko Hkh cgqr vPNk FkkArsy Hkh de yxkA xsgw¡ ihys ughs iM+sA vc xk¡o esa vkSj fdlkuksads Hkh chtrs gSa mlls Hkh Qk;nk gks tkrk gSA ge rks dgrs gSacgqr vPNh e'khu ls /kku ds ckn Mkdj esa rks xsgw¡ t:jh fcuktqrkbZ chtus pkfg,aA

tqrkbZ

Surat Singh S/o Sh. Dhani RamVillage Rohat, Sonepat

I came to know about zero tillage from KVK,Jagdishpur, Sonepat. Before adoption of zerotillage we carried out 12-15 ploughings but nowcarry out sowing without tillage. Earlier villagerscommented that Surat has become mad. I wasalso thinking that I will be in loss but after firstirrigation we saw that wheat is different fromconventional tillage. Germination is good andtillage is also very good and colour of crop isgreen, no yellowing. We also save diesel cost. Nowother farmers should also adopt zero tillage andgot benefitted by this technology. We suggestfarmers that in heavy soils for sowing of wheatafter rice necessarily adopt zero tillage.

lu~ 2002 esa thjks fMªy ls fctkbZ djrk vk jgk gw¡Ablds cgqr ykHk gSaA eSa cht o [kkn FkksM+k T;knk Mkyrk gw¡Aesjh fctkbZ 10 fnu igys gks tkrh gSA esgur Hkh de djuhiM+rh gSA igys 12&15 tqrkbZ djrk Fkk fnu jkr VªSDVj pyrkFkk ij vc fnu&fnu esa fctkbZ djrs gSa vkSj tYnh Hkh gks tkrhgSA rsy Hkh 75 izfr'kr de yxrk gSA bls 900&1000 #0 izfr,dM+ cp tkrs gSaA iSnkokj 5&7 eu T;knk gksrh gSA

Sunder Singh S/o Sh. Bakhtawar SinghVillage Jharoth, Sonepat

I have been sowing my field by zero drill since2000. It has a lot of advantages. I use relativelylesser seed and fertilizers. Sowing process takes10days less. It needs less of hard work. Earlier we did10-15 tillage operations. I had to carry on with thetractor by day and night. But now I can do thewhole only before sunset. 75% of the diesel canalso be saved. On an average, it savesRs. 1000/acre. The yield also increases by about2-3 q per acre.

fcuk tqrkbZ fctkbZ ds Qk;ns gh Qk;ns gSaA le; dhcgqr cpr gksrh gSA Mhty Hkh de yxrk gSA blls 700&800#0 izfr ,dM+ cp tkrs gSaA igys ikuh ds ckn xsgw¡ ihyh ughaiM+rh vkSj ikuh nsus ds ckn fxjrh Hkh ugha gSA iSnkokj 1&2fDoaVy T;knk gksrh gSA eSa bl rduhd ls lUrq"V gw¡A

Jasbir S/o Sh. Kitab Singh

Village Jharoth, Sonepat

Zero tillage technique is very beneficial. It

saves time and diesel as well. It saves Rs. 700-

800/acre. No yellowing of crop after first irrigation.

No lodging. The production level increases about

1-2 q/acre. I am satisfied with this technique.

thjks fVyst vkt ds VkbZe esa xsgw¡ dh fctkbZ ds fy,lcls mÙke o lLrk lkèku gSA VkbZe dh cpr gksrh gS o [kpkZHkh 700&800 #0 de gksrk gSA Qly dh teokj Hkh vPNhgksrh gSA blesa tM+sa xgjh tkrh gSaA blls Qly rst gok esade fxjrh gSA ikuh dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA igyk ikuh FkksM+k nsjls yxkrs gSa vkSj ikuh de le; esa yx tkrk gSA iSnkokj de[kpZ esa mlds cjkcj vkrh gSA blls gesa Qk;nk gksrk gSA

Bhim Singh S/o Sh. HarnarainVillage Jatheri, Sonepat

Zero tillage is today the best and cheapesttechnology for wheat sowing. It saves time andcost of sowing is also reducing to Rs. 700-800/acre. The production is also good. The rootsgo deeper in zero till sown wheat that is why lesslodging problem is there, we can delay firstirrigation and it takes less time in applying firstirrigation thus there is considerable saving ofirrigation water. Broadly speaking almost similaryield to conventional sowing is obtained under zerotillage conditions, however, with lesser cost ofcultivation. This technology is very remunerative tous.

thjks fVy e'khu lu~ 2001 esa ukaxy ds fdlku ds [ksrij ns[kh FkhA vPNh yxh] o iSnkokj Hkh vPNh vkbZ rks viuhe'khu ys yhA blesa 7&8 fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA ,d,dM+ esa 20&25 yhVj Mhty Hkh de yxrk gSA cyqVh demxrh gSA ge FkksM+k cht T;knk Mkyrs gSaA ikuh yxus esa Hkhle; de ls de 2 ?kaVs tYnh yxrk gSA iSnkokj vPNh vkrhgSA ge bl rduhd ls larq"V gSaA

Vedpal S/o Sh. Maha SinghVillage Pritampura, Sonepat

I saw zero till drill in a farmer's field in village

Nangal in 2001.The crop looked good to me and

yield was also satisfactory. So, I bought my own

drill. Sowing is advanced by 7-8 days by this

technique and about 20-25 litre diesel per acre is

also saved. I use less seed than earlier and have

observed that almost ½ hour time is saved in

applying first irrigation. Crop yield is satisfactory

and I am very much satisfied by this technique.

bl rduhd ds ckjs esa ,p-,-;w- ds oSKkfudksa ls irkpykA lu~ 1999 esa igys mudh e'khu ls fctkbZ djokbZAigys rks ugha yx jgh Fkh fd Qly vPNh gksxh ij ckn esavPNk QqVko gqvk vkSj iSnkokj Hkh 2&3 fDoaVy T;knk vkbZAvc eSa viuh 40 ,dM+ xsgw¡ blh e'khu ls chtrk gw¡A [kkn chtds uhps iM+us ls vPNh c<+okj gksrh gSA QqVko Hkh vPNk gksrkgSA fctkbZ djus esa dkQh le; cprk gSA e'khujh Hkh ughaVwVrhA chtkbZ 20&25 fnu igys gks tkrh gSA rsy dk [kpZ Hkhcgqr de gksrk gSA blls izfr ,dM+ 800&900 #0 de ykxrvkrh gSA T;knk cjlkr ls uqdlku Hkh ugha gksrkA Qlyfxjrh ughaA gesa bl fof/k ls cgqr Qk;nk yxkA vc lkjk xkaoblh ls fctkbZ djrk gSA

Balbir Singh S/o Sh. Fateh SinghVillage Nangal Kalan, Sonepat

I got information about zero tillage technologyfrom scientists of HAU, Hisar. In 1999 theyprovided me with the drill for sowing wheat crop. Inthe beginning the crop did not look good, however,later in season the crop growth was very good andthe crop yielded 2-3 q more per acre as comparedto conventional sowing. Now I use to sow 40 acrewheat crop by this technique. Fertilizer is placedbefore the seed, so crop growth is very good. Thetechnology saves time as crop is sown 20-25 daysearlier. About Rs. 800-900 are saved per acre. Thedamage due to heavy rains also less in zero tillsown crop. Lodging problem is also less. We arereally benefitted by this technique. Most of myvillage farmers use this technique for wheatsowing.

ikap fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA fdjk;k Hkh deyxrk gSA igys 2000 #0 fdjk;k nsuk iM+rk FkkA vc 400 #0esa dke py tkrk gSA Qly de fxjrh gSA ikuh tYnh ihtkrh gSA blls Qly ihyh Hkh ugha iM+rhA bl fctkbZ ls7&8 eu xsgw¡ vf/kd gksrh gSA

Rajak Ram S/o Sh. Ram SwaroopVillage Nangal Kalan, Sonepat

Sowing of wheat crop is advanced by atleast 5days. Cost of sowing is also reduced. Earlier I usedto pay Rs. 2000 but now it costs only Rs. 400 forsowing one acre wheat crop. Lodging of crop isalso not there at first irrigation. Wheat yield is alsoincreased by about 3 q/acre.

ikap fnu igys fctkbZ gks tkrh gSA fdjk;k Hkh deyxrk gSA thjks fVyst esa [kpZ de vkrk gSA Qly dh fctkbZ10&14 fnu igys gks tkrh gSA 25&26 yhVj Mhty deyxrk gSA ikuh dh [kir Hkh de gSA [ksr Hkjus esa de le;yxrk gS vkSj ikuh Hkh tYnh lks[k ysrh gSA xsgw¡ ihyh ughaiM+rhA Qly fxjrh Hkh de gSA cyqjh de vkrh gSA de [kpZdjus ij Hkh vPNh iSnkokj gksrh gSA Mkdj tehu ds fy, rks;g VSDuksyksth cgqr dke;kc gSA

Ranbir Singh S/o Sh. Om ParkashVillage Gawalra, Panipat

Cost of cultivation is significantly reduced inzero tillage technique and sowing is advanced by10-15 days, 25-26 litre diesel is saved. It takes lesstime to irrigate the fields so there is saving ofirrigation water. Soil absorbs water easily so thereis less damage due to heavy rains and lodging isalso reduced. Infestation of is alsoless. Overall there is higher production with lesscost. The technology is particularly beneficial inheavy soils.

Phalaris minor

bl rduhd ds ckjs esa eq>s lu~ 1999 esa ds-oh-ds m>k lstkudkjh feyhA igyh ckj ds-oh-ds- okyksa us gh viuh e'khuls fctkbZ djokbZA fcuk tqrkbZ ls xsgw¡ chtuk ,d vk'p;Zokyh ckr Fkh lkjk xkao bls ns[kus vk jgk Fkk lc dj jgs Fksfd xsgw¡ ugha gksxh igys ,slk gh yx jgk Fkk ij tc teokjgqvk vkSj Qly c<+h rks lc ns[krs jg x;sA bl fof/k ds dbZQk;ns gSaA fdjk;k de nsuk iM+rk gSA blls 1000 #0 dh cprgksrh gSA le; ij fctkbZ gks tkrh gS vkSj Qly fxjrh Hkhugha gSA bldh iSnkokj 2&3 fDoaVy T;knk vkrh gSA ge blrduhd ls iwjh rjg ls lUrq"V gSaA

Chand S/o Sh. Swaroop SinghVillage Mandi, Panipat

I came to know about zero tillage technologyin 1999 from KVK, Ujha, Panipat. They providedme the machine at that time. Really it was amazingto sow wheat by this method, whole of the villagewas at my field. Initially everybody was in suspicionabout germination, but the crop turned out to be agood one. There are many advantages of thistechnique. Saving of Rs. 1000 per acre is there,sowing is done timely, lodging problem is less, etc.Yield of crop is also higher by about 2-3 q per acre.I am very much satisfied with this technology.

loZizFke eq>s thjks fVy e'khu ds ckjs esa 1997 esa

eksulsaVks dEiuh }kjk yxk, x, fdlku esys esa irk yxkA ml

lky eSaus ,d ,dM+ esa bls iz;ksx ds rkSj ij viuk;kA bl

fof/k ls fctkbZ djus ij 17&18 yhVj Mhty cprk gS] lkFk

gh xsgw¡ dk teokj Hkh iwjk gksrk gSA igyh flapkbZ ij ihysiu

vkSj Qly ds fxjus tSlh leL;k Hkh cgqr de gksrh gSA eaMwlh

ds ncs gq, chtksa ds Åij u vkus ds dkj.k eaMwlh de mxrh gS

vkSj bldh leL;k yxHkx [kRe gks xbZ gSA

Motam Singh S/o Sh. Avtar SinghVillage Durana, Jind

Firstly I came to know about zero tillage in1997 from Kisan Mela organized by MonsantoCompany. That year I adopted this technique forassessment of benefits in one acre of land. Thereis saving of 17-18 l/acre diesel. Germination alsogood. Yellowing after first irrigation and lodgingproblem are very less. The seeds ofburied in soil and in zero tillage soil only disturbedin row zone only so that seeds do not come on thesurface and less germination. Thus,population can be controlled to a considerableextent.

Phalaris minor

Phalaris minor

d`f"k foKku dsUnz] thUn ds oSKkfudksa ls lu~ 2000 esa

thjks fVyst rduhd ds ckjs esa irk pykA ml lky mudh

e'khu ls fctkbZ dh vkSj vxys lky fdjk, dh e'khu ls

10&12 yhVj Mhty dh cpr gksrh gS ] teokj vPNh gksrh gS

vkSj ijEijkxr fof/k ds eqdkcys Qly fxjrh HAh de gS ijUrq

gekjs [ksrksa esa pksvk Å¡pk ¼4 QqV½ gksus ds dkj.k tehu ikuh

ugha ihrh vkSj iSnkokj dqN de gksrh gSA

Ram Chander S/o Sh. Fateh SinghVillage Pouli, Jind

I came to know about zero tillage technique byscientists of KVK, Jind in 2000. That year, Iadopted zero till technique by using KVK machineand thereafter by hired machine. It saves 10-12l/acre of diesel and time. Germination is good andlodging of crop also less. Our soils have lesserinfiltration due to shallow water table. This resultedinto bit less production.

iM+kslh fdlku ls 2002 esa bl rduhd ds ckjs esa irk

pyk vkSj vxys lky 2 ,dM+ esa eSaus Hkh bl fof/k ls xsgw¡

fctkbZ dhA ijUrq fdjk, ij fctkbZ djus okys lgh fctkbZ

ugha djrs] tYnckth djrs gSa ftlls teokj lgh ugha gksrk

vkSj QqVko Hkh de gksrk gSA esjh tehu esa izfr ,dM+ 2&3

fDoaVy iSnkokj dh deh vkbZA tgk¡ teokj lgh gksrk gS( ogka

iSnkokj vPNh gksrh gSA blds vykok igyh flapkbZ ij

ihykiu ugha gksrk vkSj gok pyus ij Qly fxjrh Hkh de gSA

eaMwlh Hkh cgqr de terh gSA ;fn bl e'khu dk mi;ksx ns[k

dj fd;k tk;s rks ;g cgqr cf<+;k lk/ku gSA

Chain Singh S/o Sh. JagdishVillage Kharak, Rohtak

After getting information from neighbouringfarmer in 2002, I adopted this technique next yearfor sowing two acre of wheat. Uniform germinationleads to higher yield. Besides, the problem likeyellowing at first irrigation and lodging due to windhave been reduced. germination isalso reduced. Use of this machine with due careyields better results.

Phalaris minor

/kku dkVus ds mijkUr i;kZIr ueh yxHkx 20 izfr'kr ls 22izfr'kr dh n'kk esa thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh x;hAthjks fVyst e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ij 15&20 fnu ds le; dh cprgqbZA thjks fVyst e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ij 100 fdxzk cht izfrgSDVs;j yxkA bl izdkj 25&30 fd-xzk- cht dh izfr gSDVs;j cprgqbZA cht dk teko ykbu esa leku :i ls gqvkA

flapkbZ esa 25&30 izfr'kr dh cpr gqbZA 125 fd-xzk- Mh-,-ih-dkiz;ksx csly Mªsflax ds :i esa fd;k gSA mit fNVdoka fof/k dhvis{kk 4&5 fDoaVy izfr gSDVs;j vf/kd izkIr gqbZA

Vishwa Nath Yadav S/o Shri Ram Ashare YadavVillage : Gauria Ka Purva, Block : TrivediganjDistrict : Barabanki (U. P.)

The wheat crop was sown by zero till machineafter harvesting of rice crop, at 20 to 22% moisture.Time saving of 15 to 20 days was observed. Theseed rate was also reduced and only 100 kg seedwas needed per ha. Thus, there was saving of 25-30kg seed/ha. Regular germination in line wasobserved.

During irrigation a saving of 25 to 30% ofirrigation water was also observed. Thus, 4 to 5 q/haadditional yield was obtained as compared to local(broadcast) practice.

/kku dh dVkbZ ds 3&4 fnu ckn xsgWwa dh cqokbZ thjks fVyst e'khuls dhA feV~Vh dh fiUMh cu tkus ls ueh dh fLFkfr esa ¼20&24 izfr'krueh½ vadqj.k ykbu esa vPNk gqvkA [ksr dh rS;kjh esa yxHkx 1800 #0izfr gsDVs;j dh cpr gqbZA vius VªSDVj ls [ksr dh tqrkbZ esa yxHkx 25ls 35 yhVj izfr gSDVs;j Mhty dh cpr gqbZA [kjirokj fo'ks"k :i lsxsgw¡ dk ekek 30&40 izfr'kr de mxkA thjks fVy e'khu ls esjs {ks= esaxsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dk {ks=Qy 10&15 xquk c<+k gSA

Parshu Ram Yadav S/o Shri Mahadeo YadavVillage : Ladai Ka Purva, Block : TrivediganjDistrict : Barabanki (U. P.)

Wheat was sown by zero till machine afterharvesting of rice crop. The germination of seed wasgood at about 20-24% of moisture. A saving ofRs.1800.00/ha was observed in field preparationwith 25 to 30 litres of diesel. Weeds especially

was reduced upto 30-40%. Underzero till in our vicinity, an increase in area was 10 to15 times.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVyst e'khu ds lEcU/k esa ujsUnz nso d`f"k ,oa izkS|ksfxdfo'ofo|ky;] dqekjxat] QStkckn ds d`f"k oSKkfudksa }kjk xsgw¡ cksus dsfy, foLr`r tkudkjh xzke&ujkSyh] gSnjx<+] ckjkcadh dh xks"Bh esaizkIr fd;kA izFke o"kZ esa eSaus vk/kk gSDVs;j xsgw¡ cks;kA vc e'khu }kjkizfr o"kZ 1 gSDVs;j xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ 10&15 uoEcj rd dj nsrs gSaA chtdk ykbu esa iM+uk rFkk 7 ls 10 fnu teko ijEijkxr fof/k dhrqyuk esa igys gqvkA bl izdkj iqjkuh fof/k dh vis{kk 10&20 fnudh cqokbZ esa le; dh cpr gksrh gSA thjks fVyst fof/k ls xsgw¡ dhcqokbZ djus ij 30&40 izfr'kr xsgw¡lk [kjirokj de mxk D;ksafdxsgwWlk ds cht chp esa iM+s Fks bl izdkj thjks fVy e'khu }kjk cqokbZdj 4-50 fDoaVy izfr gSDVs;j vf/kd mit izkIr dhA eSa bl rduhdls dkQh larq"V gw¡A

Chote Lal Yadav S/o Shri Mahabal YadavVillage : Ramnagar, Block : HaidergarhDistrict : Barabanki (U. P.)

The detailed information regarding sowing ofwheat crop by zero till machine was receivedthrough the scientists of N. D. University ofAgriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad inthe Kisan Gosthi held at village-Narauli inHaiderganj Block of Barabanki. I had sown an areaof 0.5 ha in 1st year but now an area of one ha issown by zero till machine latest by 10-15November. By this machine, the seed is sown in lineand germination is also advanced by 10 days ascompared to traditional sowing. Thus, the timesaving of 10-20 days was observed by this methodand weed population of was alsoreduced by 30-40%. Ultimately an additional yield ofwheat by 4.5 q/ha was obtained, I am fully satisfiedwith this technology.

th

Phalaris minor

FARMER'S OPINION ABOUT ZERO TILLAGE INEASTERN UTTAR PRADESH

eSaus Ålj [ksr esa thjks fVy e'khu }kjk xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djk;hFkh ftlds QyLo:i 41 izfr'kr flapkbZ ty dh cpr feyhA blfof/k }kjk ,d Qk;nk eq>s ns[kus esa feyk fd Hkwfe lrg ijijEijkxr dh rqyuk esa de yo.k vk jgs gSaA thjks fVy xsgw¡ dhmit ij ijEijkxr dh rqyuk esa 2-4 dqUry izfr gSDVs;j vf/kdizkIr gqvkA

Prem Nath Singh S/o Sh. Chandra Dev SinghVillage : Haldharpur, Block : Ratanpura

District : Mau (U. P.)

I used zero till for wheat sowing in usar field

and got 41% saving in irrigation water and saw less

salt deposition on surface in comparison to

traditional system. Zero till wheat yield was 2.4 q/ha

more as compared to traditional system.

esjh vk;q 51 o"kZ gSA foxr 3 o"kks± ¼2001½ ls thjks fVyst e'khu}kjk xsgwW¡ dh 4 gSDVs;j cqokbZ djrs gSaA esjs ;gk¡ dh Hkwfe efV;kj gSA/kku dh dVkbZ djus ds ckn i;kZIr ueh gksus ds dkj.k 25 ls 30uoEcj rd xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djrk gw¡ tcfd iwoZ esa ;g cqokbZ 15 ls 20fnlEcj rd djrs FksA 100 fdxzk cht izfr gSDVs;j cqokbZ gsrq iz;ksxfd;kA cht dk teko ykbu esa ,oa leku :i ls gqvkA bl izdkj 30ls 40 fdxzk cht izfr gSDVs;j dh cpr gqbZA d`f"k Kku dsUnz dsfo'ks"kKksa dh lykg ij 125 fdxzk Mh0,0ih0 dk iz;ksx vxys ckDl esaMkyk 'ks"k 70 fdxzk ;wfj;k ,oa 65 fdxzk E;wjsV vkQ iksVk'k igyhflapkbZ ds 4 ls 5 fnu ckn VkWiMªsflax ds :i esa fd;kA ckn esa 70fdxzk ;wfj;k dYys ds le; rFkk 70 fdxzk ;wfj;k ckyh fudyus dsiwoZ [kM+h Qly esa Mkyk FkkA esjs }kjk ih0ch0MCY;w 343 cht cks;kFkkA bl izdkj izfr gSDVs;j 5-50 dq0 vf/kd mit iqjkuh fof/k dhvis{kk izkIr fd;k FkkA

Brijesh Kumar Singh S/o Shri Gulab SinghVillage : Ramnagar Pokhara, Block : HaidergarhDistrict : Barabanki (U. P.)

I am 51 years old and sowing wheat crop (for thelast 3 years) by zero till machine since 2001 in a areaof 4 ha. The soil is clay in nature and sufficientmoisture remains after harvest of rice crop. Thesowing by ZT was done between 25th to 30thNovember, while in conventional method sowing wasdone between 15th to 20th December, prior to use ofzero till machine. The seed rate of 100 kg/ha wasused. Thus, a saving of 30 to 40 kg/ha seeds wasobserved. A dose of 125 kg DAP/ha was applied onthe advice of scientists of Krishi Gyan Kendra throughthe front box (fertilizer chamber) of zero till machine.Remaining 70 kg urea and 65 kg MOP were applied astop dressing after 4 to 5 days of irrigation at tilleringstage. Later on 70 kg urea was topdressed at earinitiation stage in standing crop. I have sown wheatvariety PBW 343. Thus, an additional yield of 5.5 q/hawas harvested as compared to conventional practice.

thjks fVyst e'khu ds ckjs esa xks Bh ,oa fdlku esyk esa lqukFkkA o kZ 2002 esa igyh ckj ,d gSDVs;j xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ tksf[ke dhfLFkfr esa dhA /kku ds [ksrksa esa 4 ls 8 bUp Bw¡B Fks ftlesa xsgw¡ cks;kx;k vkSj ckn esa lM+ dj [kkn dk dke fd;kA cht dh cpr 20 ls30 fdxzk izfr gSDVs;j gqbZA [ksr dh rS;kjh esa yxHkx #0 2000-00 dhcpr izkIr gqbZA lcls cM+h ckr cksus ds ckn [ksr esa ikVk ughayxk;kA igys iwjs xsgWw dh Qly ds fy, 5 ls 6 flapkbZ djus esa tksO;; gqvk og bl rduhd ls 4 flapkbZ ds cjkcj O;; vk; tksyxHkx 600-00 #0 ls 800-00 #0 dh cpr gqbZA iNqok gok dk izHkkoueh ds dkj.k de iM+rk gS ftlls lQsn ckyh gksus ls Qly cpx;hA bl rduhd ls cqokbZ djus ij eq>s yxHkx #0 5000-00ijEijkxr fof/k dh rqyuk esa vfrfjDr ykHk feykA

Ganga Prasad Verma S/o Shri BhonduVillage : Tahwapur, Block : TrivediganjDistrict : Barabanki (U. P.)

Through Kisan Mela and Gosthi, I came to knowabout zero till machine. Accordingly in 2002 one hawheat was sown in such field where rice stubbles were4 to 8 inches height. The stubbles rotten during wheatstanding crop season and utilized as manure. Savingin seed @ 20 to 30 kg/ha was observed. Similarly,saving of Rs. 2000.00 per ha was observed in fieldpreparation. No planking was needed after sowing. Asaving of Rs. 600.00 to 800.00/ha was recorded inirrigation. Western winds could not adversely affectthe yields. This method has provided a gain ofRs. 5000.00/ha as compared to traditional system.

eSa foxr 2002 ls thjks fVyst e'khu ls xsgw¡@/kku dh cqokbZ djrkvk jgk gw¡A xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ le; ij gks tkrh gSA cht o [kkn dh ek=k35 izfr'kr de nsuh iM+rh gSA nkuk eksVk gksus ls 5 ls 8 fDoaVy mitc<+ tkrh gSA rhu ckj tqrkbZ ,oa 4 ckj ikVk yxkus ls 1500 dh cprgksrh gSA lh/kh cqokbZ ls fuf'pr xgjkbZ esa cht fxjrk gSA ikS/kk gjk Hkjk'kq: ls jgrk gSA ikS/kk dHkh ihyk ugha jgrk gSA ikuh dh flapkbZ esa 12?kUVs izfr gS0 dh cpr gksrh gSA gok] cjlkr esa Qly ds fxjus dhlEHkkouk ugha gSA tM+ fuf'pr xgjkbZ esa jgrh gSA

Aditya Tiwari S/o Shri Shiv Sewak TiwariVillage : Bhairav Pandit, Block : SohawalDistrict : Faizabad (U. P.)

I have adopted zero tillage technique in wheat,rice crop since 2002. Zero tillage technique isbeneficial in respect to timely, saving 35% seed andfertilizer saving. Due to bold grain yield increase uptothe 5-8 /ha. ZT technology in rice and wheat is moreeconomic through saving expenditure in ploughingand planking about Rs.1500. Through direct sowingseed and area sown at depth and indirect contact offertilizer meanwhile receive saving by more than 12h/ha observed irrigations. As the roots penetrated ofdefinite depth which restrict lodging.

eSaus bl rduhd dks ujsUnz nso d`f k fo'ofo|ky; }kjk tkukA ,dckj geus ,d ,dM+ [ksr esa thjks fVy e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ o kZ2001&02 esa 'kq: dh rks 'kq: essa yxk fd teko vPNk ugha gksxk ysfduQly ihyh ugha iM+h] nkus eksVs gq;s vkSj izfr gS0 yxHkx 50 yhVj Mhtydh cpr gqbZA gok] cjlkr esa Qly ds fxjus dh lEHkkouk ugha jgrh gSAcht vkSj [kkn dh ek=k 35 izfr'kr de nsuh iM+rh gSA nkuk eksVk gksus ls 5ls 8 fDoaVy mit c<+ tkrh gSA cqokbZ djrs le; 110 fdxzk xsgw¡ dk cht,oa 130 fdxzk Mh0,0ih0 izfr gSDVs;j Mkyk rks teko ,d lIrkg esas cgqrgh vPNk gqvk vkSj ckn dh voLFkk esa 100 fdxzk ;wfj;k Mkyk vkSj xsgw¡ dhrhu ckj flapkbZ dhA 55 ls 60 yhVj Mhty dh cpr fNVdoka dh vis{kkvf/kd gksrh gSA flapkbZ esa ikuh dh 16 ?k.Vs cpr gksrh gSA

Roop Narain Pandey S/o Sh. Ved Prakash PandeyVillage : Janaura, Block : MasodhaDistrict : Faizabad (U. P.)

I knew about zero technique from NDUAT,Kumarganj, Faizabad but did not belive first. Once, Isowed one acre area through zero till machine during2001-02 then thought germination will not be affected.Crop does not show yellowing. Grains were healthyand saved 50 litres diesel. There was 35% seed andfertilizer saving. Due to bold grain, yield increased upto the 5-8 q/ha sowing. I have applied wheat seed @110 kg/ha and DAP 130 kg/ha obtained urea goodgermination during latest stage applied 100 kgurea/ha. ZT time and irrigated three times which saved55-60 litres diesel in comparison to conventionalmethod. One saved irrigation water by 16 h.

1- le; dh cprA 2- cht] [kkn] ikuh o Mhty dh cprvFkkZr~ ykxr esa 1800 ls 2000 #0 izfr ,dM+ dh cprA 3- jst csMij djus ls iSnkokj lqjf{kr o vf/kdA 4- i;kZoj.k lqjf{kr j[kus esa;ksxnkuA 5- lHkh nkus lqMkSy] pedhys o ,d cjkcjA

Vishnu Pratap Singh S/o Sh. Vindhyachal SinghVillage : Malaur, Block : PaliDistrict : Gorakhpur (U. P.)

1. Time saving. 2. Saving of seed, fertilizer, water& diesel i.e. Rs. 1800 to 2000 per acre saving ofmoney. 3. Production of crops secured by taking onraised beds. 4. Environmental security. 5. All grainsbold, shining and uniform.

1- xksj[kiqj dss vf/kdka'k {ks=ksa esa ty Hkjko gksus ds dkj.k xsgw¡dh cqokbZ esa foyEc gksus yxrh gSA ,sls {ks=ksa ds fy, ;g e'khufdlkuksa ds fy, ojnku gSA 2- bl e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ls cht][kkn] ikuh] Mhty dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk [kjirokjksa dh la[;k degks tkrh gSA 3- bl e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ls ikS/ks izkjEHk ls gh gjs Hkjsfn[kk;h nsrs gSa rFkk nkus lqMkSy ,oa pedhys gksrs gaSA

Sri Bhagawan Das S/o Sh. Babboo NandanVillage : Itahiya, Block : CharganwanDistrict : Gorakhpur (U. P.)

1. Most of the area in Gorakhpur is waterloggedthat is why wheat sowing is delayed. The machine isboon for such areas. 2. Seed, fertilizer, water, dieselare saved up to greater extent and side by side weedsare also managed. 3. By sowing with this machineplants are always green & healthy from very beginingand grains are bold and shining.

1- thjks fVyst dh cqokbZ ls [kkn] cht vkSj ikuh de yxrkgSA 2- thjks fVyst dh cqokbZ ls vf/kd iSnkokj Hkh gksrh gSA3- [kjirokj dk fu;a=.k Hkh gks tkrk gSA 4- thjks fVyst ls fcuktqrkbZ ds gh cks;k tkrk gSA [ksr esa ueh gksuh pkfg,A

Shiv Charan Prasad S/o Shri Hira PrasadVillage : Khajurahi (Jogiya), Block : PaliDistrict : Gorakhpur (U. P.)

1. Seeds, fertilizer and water comparatively usedlesser with zero till. 2. Production is also on higher sideas well as the grains are bold enough. 3. The weedsare also managed. 4. This machine does sowingwithout ploughing the field but moisture must be infield.

1- thjks fVy dh cqokbZ ls [kkn] cht vkSj ikuh dh de ykxresa fdlku dks vf/kd iSnkokj gksrh gSA nkuk esa dkQh otu Hkh gSA2- thjks fVyst dh cqokbZ ls vf/kd iSnkokj o de tqrkbZ ,oa de[kpZ esa vf/kd iSnkokj izkIr gksrh gSA 3- thjks fVy e'khu dh cqokbZ lsgsxouh ugha djuh iM+rh vkSj vf/kd teko gksrk gSA 4- ;g thjksfVy ge fdlkuksa dks vf/kd ykHk iznku djus okyh e'khu gSA

Keshwa Das S/o Shri Vichar DasVillage : Balua Baba, Block : PaliDistrict : Gorakhpur (U. P.)

1. Less seeds, fertilizer and water needed.2.Less expenses but h igher product ion.3. Germination of seeds was found good without usingplanking. 4. Zero till machine is very useful for farmers.

d`f k foKku dsUnz] lksguk }kjk vk;ksftr xks Bh ls eq>stkudkjh feyh fd ds0oh0ds0 ij ,d ,slh e'khu vk;h gS ftllsfcuk dksbZ tqrkbZ fd;s vf/kd ueh esa Hkh cqokbZ dh tk ldrh gSA essjsikl yxHkx 3-5 gS0 Hkwfe ,slh gS ftlesa vf/kd ueh gksus ds dkj.kvkt rd xsgw¡ ugha cks ik;k FkkA bl e'khu ls eSaus mDr Hkwfe esa xsgw¡dh cqokbZ 13 ls 15 fnlEcj] 2003 dks dh vkSj ik;k fd bl e'khu lscqokbZ djus ij tqrkbZ esa #0 2000 izfr gSDVs;j dh cpr] cht esa 20fdyksxzke izfr gSDVs;j dh cpr gSA cjlkr gksus ds dkj.k eq>s flapkbZugha djuh iM+hA bl rduhd ls eq>s dqy #0 3000@&izfr gSDVs;jdh cpr gqbZA bl e'khu dh cqokbZ ls vkl ikl ds cgqr ls fdlkuizHkkfor gaS vkSj eSa vxys o kZ bl e'khu ls cqokbZ dk {ks=Qyc<+kÅaxkA

Bal Vinod Bhai S/o Sh. Dada Bhai TripathiVillage : Pedari, Block : Itva

District : Sidharth Nagar (U. P.)

I came to know through a gosthi organized by

KVK that there is a machine available at KVK which

can sow wheat without plough. The field under

heavy moisture condition out of my total arable land

3.5 ha land on which I had never sown wheat due to

high moisture conditions. I sowed wheat with zero

tillage machine from 13 to 15 December, 2003 on

this land. I found saving of Rs. 2000 per ha in

ploughing as well as 20 kg seed per ha. I did not

irrigate the crop due to rain. I saved Rs. 3000 ha

with the use of this technology. Farmers of

neighbouring villages are very much impressed with

this technology and I would like to sow wheat in

large area with zero tillage machine next year.

1- thjks fVy dh cqokbZ ls [kkn] cht vkSj ikuh de yxrk gSA2- thjks fVyst dh cqokbZ ls vf/kd iSnkokj rFkk de tqrkbZ ,oa [kpZde gksrk gSA 3- thjks fVyst ls cqokbZ esa ckn esa gsxokuh ugha djuhiM+rh vkSj ,d pkl esa dk;Z gks tkrk gSA 4- bl thjks fVyst ls gefdlkuksa dks vf/kd ykkHk gSA de [kpsZ esa vf/kd dke rFkk vf/kdiSnkokj gksrh gSA

Balwant Singh S/o Shri Awdhesh SinghVillage : Dewapar Dugdugiya, Block : Pali

District : Gorakhpur (U. P.)

1. Less seeds, fertilizer and water required.

2. More production with less expenses. 3. Planking

not required. 4. This machine is a boon for the

farmers.

1- thjks fVy dh cqokbZ ls [kkn] cht vkSj ikuh de yxrk gSA2- thjks fVyst dh cqokbZ ls vf/kd iSnkokj rFkk de tqrkbZ ,oa [kpZde gksrk gSA 3- thjks fVyst ls cqokbZ esa ckn esa gsxokuh ugha djuhiM+rh vkSj ,d pkl esa dk;Z gks tkrk gSA 4- bl thjks fVyst ls gefdlkuksa dks vf/kd ykkHk gSA de [kpsZ esa vf/kd dke rFkk vf/kdiSnkokj gksrh gSA

Lalman Maurya S/o Late Muneshwar MauryaVillage : Mustafabad, Block : Pali


We are in profit by using this machine. Water,

seeds and fertilizer are saved. The grains were bold

and of same size. The sowing becomes timely.

thjks fVy cqokbZ dh vPNh rduhd gS ftlesa tqrkbZ esa deykxr] [kkn esa de ykxr] cht eas de ykxr yxrk gS ftlls gesavPNh iSnkokj feyrh gSA

Satya Prakash Singh S/o Shri Surjan SinghVillage : Baundra, Block : Pali


Zero till is good technique for sowing, in which

seeds, fertilizers and diesel are comparatively less

required than normal. Production is also good.

o kZ 2002&03 esa d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh ds oSKkfudksa }kjkthjks fVy e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh tkudkjh izkIr gqbZA cqokbZ lsigys :/kkSyh {ks= esa cks;s x;s xsgw¡ ds [ksrksa dks tkdj ns[kk rFkk mldsfo k; esa lEcfU/kr fdlkuksa ls ckr dhA thjks fVy rduhd ls cks;sgq, [ksr esa xsgw¡ dk teko dkQh vPNk ns[kus dks feyk ftlls izHkkforgksdj eSaus Hkh d`f k oSKkfudksa dh mifLFkfr esa vius 3 ,dM+ {ks=Qyesaa thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ dk;Z djk;k tcfd esjs [ksr esa /kku dhdVkbZ dEckbu e'khu }kjk djkbZ x;h Fkh ftlesa 8&10 bUp Å¡ps/kku ds Bw¡B [kM+s FksA xsgw¡ dk teko ,oa Qly dh iSnkokj fiNyso kksZa dh rqyuk esa izfr ,dM+ 2-0 fDoaVy vf/kd feykA o kZ2003&04 esa Hkh eSaus 3-0 ,dM+ esa thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ djk;hAbl fof/k esa izfr ,dM+ 20 fdxzk cht dh cpr] #i;k 700 tqrkbZcpr] iysok ,oa flapkbZ esa #i;k 500 dh cpr ds lkFk&lkFk 16 fnuigys gh xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ thjks fVy e'khu ls gks tkrh gSA essjs [ksr dksns[kdj cxy ds xk¡oksa esa Hkh fdlkuksa us thjks fVy e'khu ls oSKkfudksadh ns[kjs[k esa xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djk;hA

Samujh Narain Singh S/o Sh. Raj Bahadur SinghVillage : Belahara, Block : Basti Sadar

District : Basti (U. P.)

I got information about zero till machine through

the scientists of KVK, Basti. I went Rudhauli to see

the wheat crop sown with ZT machine and

discussed the befefits. The tillering of wheat was

very good so that I decided to sow 3 acres wheat

with this technology in late harvested paddy field

under supervision of KVK, Basti scientists. Paddy

was harvested with combine machine and stubble

was 20-25 cm high, despite of this germination of

wheat was very good and obtained 2.0 q per acre

more yield. In the year 2003-04 again I sowed 3

acre wheat with ZT machine 16 days earlier and

saved 20 kg seed, Rs. 700 in ploughing and

Rs. 500 in irrigation per acre. Many other farmers of

adjoining villages are convinced to see my field and

agree to sow the wheat with ZT machine.

d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh ds ek/;e ls o kZ 2001&02 esa eSusvius ml {ks= esa thjks fVy e'khu ls 6 ,dM+ {ks=Qy esa xsg¡w dhcqokbZ dk dk;Z djk;k] ftu [ksrksa dh cqokbZ fnlEcj ds vUr esa gksikrh Fkh ijUrq bl e'khu ds ek/;e ls 18&20 fnu iwoZ esjs xsgww¡ dhcqokbZ gks x;hA pw¡fd ;g fof/k ,dne ubZ Fkh blfy;s nwj&nwj lsvkneh pydj esjh Qly dks ns[kus ds fy;s vkrs FksA essjs IykV dscxy esa ,d fdlku esyk Hkh d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh }kjk yxk;kx;k] ftlds ek/;e ls bl fof/k dk izpkj&izlkj fd;k x;kA rc lseSa yxkrkj bl fof/k ls vius xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dk dk;Z djrk gw¡ D;ksafdbl fof/k }kjk cht] tqrkbZ] flapkbZ] Mhty] etnwj dh yxHkx #i;k1350@&izfr ,dM+ cpr feyrh gSA blds vfrfjDr bl fof/k lscqokbZ djus ij xsgw¡ dk ekek dk teko Hkh yxHkx vk/kk de gksrk gSAbl Qk;ns dks ns[kdj esjs cxy ds xk¡o ds fdlkuksa us Hkh cqokbZ 'kq:dj nh gSA

UmeshChandraS/oSh. OmPrakashUpadhyayVillage : Paria, Block : Saunghat


During the year 2001-02 I did wheat sowing

with zero till machine in six acre area. Before this

machine sowing could not be possible till the end of

December but by ZT machine my sowing could be

possible 18-20 days earlier which was a great

benefit for me. The technology was new so many

farmers from surrounding villages came to see the

wheat crop. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Basti also

organized a farmers' fair to popularize this

technology. It is possible to save production cost

Rs. 1350 per acre by this technology. Germination of

also reduces upto 50 per cent. After

seeing my crop many farmers of nearby villages

have started sowing of wheat with zero till machine.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVy e'khu ls xsg¡w cqokbZ fdlkuksa ds fy;s ojnku gSA blfof/k ls o kZ 2002&03 eSaus vius 20 ,dM+ dh cqokbZ d`f k foKkudsUnz] cLrh ds oSKkfudksa dh ns[k&js[k ,oa mudh e'khu ds }kjk dhftldk eq>s rRdky #0 20]000@& dk mRiknu ykxr cp x;k vkSjxsgw¡ dh cqokbZ Hkh pkj fnu esa iw.kZ dj yhA o kZ 2003&04 esa Hkh 24,dM+ {ks=Qy dh cqokbZ d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh ls thjks fVy e'khuizkIr dj uoEcj esa cqokbZ dhA bl fof/k esa izfr ,dM+ 20 fdxzk cht]4 tqrkbZ] [kpZ iysok ,oa vU; flapkbZ ds le; esa cpr rFkk cht ,oa[kkn dk fuf'pr xgjkbZ esa iz;ksx gksrk gS rFkk xsgw¡lk dk teko 40izfr'kr de gksrk gSA esjh Qly dks d`f k fo'ofo|ky; ds ek/;els fofHkUu tuinksa ds 50 fdlkuksa us vkdj ns[kk ftlls eaSus fopkjksadk vknku&iznku Hkh fd;kA esjh Qly ls izHkkfor gksdj {ks= dsnfl;ksa fdlkuksa us bl fof/k dks viuk;kA bl o kZ eSa Lo;a ,d thjksfVy e'khu dz; djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgk gw¡A

Ashok Kumar Pandey S/o Dr. Kamlesh PandeyVillage : Kurha Patti Prithi, Block : BahadurpurDistrict : Basti (U. P.)

Sowing of wheat with zero till machine is boonfor farmers. During the year 2002-03, I sowed 20acres wheat with zero till machine under supervisionof Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Basti scientists and savedRs. 20000 and completed sowing only in four days.In the year 2003-04, I obtained the machine fromKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Basti and sowed 24 acrewheat in time. In this method I saved 20 kg seed peracre, cost of four ploughing time in other irrigationbesides fertilizer and seed were placed in properdepth. Germination of also reducedupto 40 per cent. My farm was visited by 50 farmersof other district during exposure visit of farmersorganized by N. D. University of Agriculture andTechnology, Kumarganj, Faizabad. I also exchangedmy views with other farmers. Many farmers ofnearby villages have done sowing of wheat with ZTmachine after seeing my crops. Now I am planningto purchase my own ZT machine.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVy ls xsgw¡ cqokbZ fof/k dkQh ykHkizn gS nwljs fdlkuksa dsbl fof/k ls cks;s gq;s [ksr dks ns[kus ,oa mlds ykHk dks tkuus dsckn eSaus Hkh o kZ 2003&04 jch esa 2-0 ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ d`f kfoKku dsUnz] cLrh ds oSKkfudksa ds lg;ksx ,oa mudh thjks fVye'khu ls dhA thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ij foYkEc ls dkVs x;s/kku ds [ksr esa 15 fnu igys cqokbZ gks tkrh gSA pkj tqrkbZ dk [kpZ#0 700-00 izfr ,dM+ ] 20 fdxzk cht dh cpr izfr ,dM+ dslkFk&lkFk 16 yhVj Mhty dh cpr izfr ,dM+ flapkbZ djus ijgksrh gS rFkk [kkn ,oa cht dh cqokbZ mfpr xgjkbZ ij gksus ls QlyLoLFk ,oa gjh Hkjh jgrh gSA ,d ckr vkSj ns[kus dks feyh fd blfof/k ls cqokbZ djus ij ,d frgkbZ xsgw¡ ds ekek dk teko de gksrkgSA bl fof/k esa #0 1400@& izfr ,dM+ mRiknu ykxr esa cprgksrkh gSA cqokbZ djus ij xsgw¡ dk ekek dk teko Hkh yxHkx vk/kkde gksrk gSA bl Qk;ns dks ns[kdj esjs cxy ds xk¡o ds fdlkuksa usHkh cqokbZ 'kq: dj nh gSA

Ram Naresh S/o Sh. Jagdev ChaudharyVillage : Tangpara, Block : Basti Sadar


Sowing of wheat with ZT machine is very

profitable. After seeing the fields sown by ZT

machine and discussion about its benefits I sowed 2

acre wheat during 2003-04 in the guidance of Krishi

Vigyan Kendra, Basti scientists. By this method

sowing of wheat is possible 15 days earlier in late

harvested rice field. By this machine I saved Rs. 700

in ploughing, 20 kg seed and 16 litre diesel per acre.

The seed and fertilizer were placed at proper depth,

resulted in green and healthy crop and germination

of was also reduced. By this method

saved Rs. 1400 cost of cultivation per acre.

Phalaris minor

igys lky 2002&03 esa thjks fVy e'khu ls Mjrs&Mjrs 4 ,dM+esa xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh ds oSKkfudksa ds le>kusij mUgha dh e'khu ls djk;hA cqokbZ ds le; [ksr ij ipklksa yksxbdB~Bk gks x;s vkSj rjg&rjg ds O;aX; cksyrs jgs fd ;s lfB;k x;sgSaA ;fn xjhc gksrs rks [kkus dks jksVh ugha feyrh] ftl ij eq>s yksxksadks QVdkj yxkuh iM+hA thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ djus dk lclscM+k ykHk nks lIrkg igys xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dk gks tkuk gS rFkk cqokbZ dsle; gh #0 1400@& dk izfr ,dM+ cqokbZ [kpZ esa cpr gksuk gS] tkstqrkbZ] cht] flapkbZ] Mhty] etnwj vkfn ls gksrk gSA mRiknu Hkh 1-5fDoa- izfr ,dM+ vf/kd izkIr gqvkA bl fof/k dh lQyrk dks ns[kdjo kZ 2003&04 esa esjs xk¡o ds xsgw¡ dk 70 izfr'kr thjks fVy e'khu lscks;k x;k vkSj eSaus Lo;a d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh ds ek/;e ls 30izfr'kr NwV ij d`f k foHkkx ls ,d e 'khu [kjhnhA

Shivparsan S/o Sh. Udit Narain ChaudharyVillage : Vishunpurva, Block : SaltauaDistrict : Basti (U. P.)

During the year 2002-03, I got informationabout ZT machine. KVK, Basti scientists convincedme for sowing wheat in late harvesting paddy fieldswithout ploughing by zero till machine for the firsttime. I sowed only 4 acre field as I was not verymuch sure about its benefit. When I started sowingby ZT machine many villagers gathered and startedcondemning this method but I was reluctant andcompleted sowing. When germination started,reflected a healthy crop and tillering was also verygood ultimately yield also increased 1.5 q per acre.The sowing of wheat became possible 15 daysearlier and saved Rs. 1400 cost of cultivation peracre. The success of sowing with ZT machine wassuch impressive that during the year 2003-04 about70% of wheat sowing in my village was done withthis machine. I also purchased a zero till machinewith the help of KVK, Basti scientists at 30% subsidyfrom U. P. Agro. Deptt. of Agriculture, Basti.

o kZ 2002&03 eas thjks fVy e'khu }kjk xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djk;hftlesa gesa vPNk mRiknu feykA o kZ 2003&04 esa geus vius xsgw¡dh cqokbZ iqu% 5 ,dM+ thjks fVy rduhd ls djk;h ftlesa izfr,dM+ 1500 #0 dh ykxr cpr izkIr gqbZ ftlesa [ksr dh tqrkbZ ls#0 700@&] flapkbZ ls #0 225@& o cht ls #0 500@& rFkketnwjh ls #0 75@& dh cpr gqbZ tks lcls cM+k Qk;nk gSA blfof/k ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ 15 fnu igys gks tkrh gS rFkk [ksr esa xsgw¡ dkekek dk teko Hkh yxHkx vk/kk gksrk gS rFkk de le; esa cqokbZdjds ge vius le; dh cpr Hkh dj ysrs gSaA gekjs xk¡o esa blfof/k ls cks;s x;s [ksrksa dks 10 tuin ds fdlkuksa dks ujsUnz nso d`f kfo'ofo|ky;] QStkckn }kjk 30 fdlkuksa dks ykdj fn[kk;k x;k rFkkeSaus Hkh fo'ofo|ky; ds ek/;e ls ,Dlikstj foftV esa tkdjQStkckn] vktex<+ rFkk okjk.klh e.My ds tuin esa thjks fVy dsxsgw¡ ds [ksrksa dks ns[kk rFkk fdlkuksa ls fopkjksa dk vknku&iznkufd;kA esjs xk¡o ds izn'kZu dks ns[kus ds fy, funs'kd izlkj rFkkfons'kksa ds oSKkfud Hkh vk;s rFkk blds izpkj gsrq d`f k foKku dsUnz]cLrh }kjk fdlku esyk Hkh yxk;k x;kA ftlesa ftykf/kdkjh] cLrhHkh i/kkjs FksA ftUgksaus Lo;a funs'kd izlkj ds lkFk lSadM+ksa fdlkuksa dhekStwnxh eas thjks fVy e'khu }kjk cks;s x;s xsgw¡ ds [ksrksa dk voyksdufd;k rFkk bl dk;Z dh ljkguk djrs gq, d` kdksa dks bl fof/k }kjkxsgw¡ cksus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k ftlds QyLo:i xk¡oksa es fdlkuksaus Lo;a izsfjr gksdj d`f k foHkkx] cLrh }kjk 25 izfr'kr NwV ij nkse'khuksa dks Ø; fd;kA

Dinesh S/o Sh. Ram Milan ChaudharyVillage : Vishunpurva, Block : Saltaua


I used zero till machine for sowing of wheat

during the year 2002-03 and got good production.

Again in 2003-04 I did sowing of wheat with ZT

method in 5 acre also saved Rs. 700 in ploughings,

Rs. 225 from seed, Rs. 500 from irrigation and Rs.

75 from labour which is one of the important

benefits. By this method sowing is possible 15 days

earlier and germination of may

reduce upto 50% N. D. University of Agriculture and

Technology, Faizabad organised a tour of 30

farmers who visited our ZT sown wheat field and

appreciated this method. In the same way I also

participated in visit organized by Directorate of

Extension, NDUAT, Faizabad and exchanged our

views and experiences with farmers. A farmer fair

was also organised in our village where district

magistrate, Basti alongwith Director Extension,

NDUAT, Kumarganj, Faizabad visited ZT sown

wheat fields. They appreciated this method and

encouraged other farmers to adopt this method. Two

farmers of this village also purchased ZT machine

and using on custom hiring.

Phalaris minor

thjks fVy e'khu ls Qlyksa dh cqokbZ djus ij le; dh cpr]de ykxr ,oa Mhty dh cpr dk gksuk fdlkuksa ds fy, ojnku gSA,d gS0 [ksr esa #0 3000@&ls L0 4000@& dh ykxr de yxukvkSj mit 15 ls 20 izfr'kr vf/kd gksuk bl e'khu ls cqokbZ djus lsgh lEHko gSA tks fdlkuksa ds fy, mRlkg o)Zd ,oa cM+k gh mi;ksxhgSA bl e'khu dh miyC/krk e¡gxh gS ftls lLrh djkus dhvko';drk gSA ftlls lHkh VSªªDVj /kkjd bls vklkuh ls [kjhnus esal{ke gks ldsaA

Surya Narain Pathak S/o Shri Gulraj PathakVillage : Manihariya, Block : Khalilabad

District : Sant Kabir Nagar (U. P.)

Sowing of crops with the help of zero till

machine saved the time, water and diesel. It is gift

for farmers. The saving of Rs. 3000 to 4000 and 15

to 20% more yield have been possible, which is

encourageous and beneficial for the farmers. The

price of this machine is high and it is necessary to

decrease the price so that tractor owner could

purchase it easily.

1- ijEijkxr [ksrh dh vis{kk thjks fVyst ls [ksrh dh rS;kjh esaiwjh&iwjh cpr gksrh gSA ¼35 yhVj Mhty izfr gSDVs;j½ 2- ijEijkxrdh vis{kk 10&15 fnu igys cqokbZA 3- ijEijxr [ksrh esa 160 fdxzkcht yxrk gS rFkk thjks fVyst esa 100 fdxzk cht izfr gSDVs;jyxrk gSA 4- nkseV cyqbZ feV~Vh esa izFke flapkbZ esa vk/ks [kpZ esacpr& 32 yhVj Mhty dh txg 18 yhVj MhtyA 5- xsgwWlk30&35 izfr'kr teko de gksrk gSA 6- ijEijkxr [ksrh ls 30&35fDoa0@gS0 rFkk thjks fVyst ls 45 fDoa0@gS0 iSnkokjA 100 fdxzk Mh-,-ih- izfr gSDVs;j iz;ksx fd;kA 7- ijEijkxr dh vis{kk yxHkx #04000@&dk ykHk izfr gSDVs;j gqvkA bl izdkj vukt okyh Qly dsfy, tsM-Vh- fdlkuksa ds fy, ojnku fl) gqbZ gSA

Chandra Bhal S/o Sh. Triyugi Nath PandeyVillage : Saruli Chaharum, Block : Khalilabad


1. There is full saving in land preparation in ZT

than CT. Nearly 35 litres/ha saving of diesel. 2. 15 to

20 days advance sowing than CT. 3. Seed

requirement is only 100 kg per hectare in ZT while in

CT 160 kg per hectare. 4. In sandy loam soil saving

of water is nearly half. That is only 18 litres diesel

per ha at the place of 32 litres required. 5. 30 to 35

per cent less germination of 6. In ZT

the yield of wheat was 45 q per hectare while in CT

it was only 35 to 40 q/ha. 100 kg DAP/ha used by

me. 7. The overall profit was nearly Rs. 4000 per

hectare under ZT.

Phalaris minor.

thjks fVy e'khu vk/kqfud d`f k ;qx esa cgqr gh mi;ksxh fl)lkfcr gqbZ gS tSls de cht] de ikuh] de ykxr esa vPNh iSnkokjyh tk ldrh gSA eSaus foxr o kZ thjks fVy e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZdh Fkh] xk¡o ds yksx etkd mM+k jgs FksA gekjs iwoZt dgk djrs Fksfd xsgw¡ cksus ds fy, ,slk [ksr rS;kj fd;k tk; ftlesa dPpk ?kM+kikuh Hkj dj fxjk;k tk; vkSj ?kM+k u QwVs rc xsgw¡ cksus yk;d [ksrgksrk gSA ysfdu bl ;qx esa thjks fVy e'khu fdlku ds fy, ,dojnku lkfcr gqbZ gSA

Hari Ram Rai S/o Shri Indra Lal Rai

Village : Belhar Khurd, Block : Belhar Kala


Zero till technology proved very useful in

modern agriculture. In less seed, less water and

less cost can be taken good production. I have sown

wheat by this machine during last year. It is boon for

farmers.

thjks fVy e'khu ls xsg¡w dh cqokbZ jch 2002&03 esa ek= vk/kk,dM+ {ks= esa dh Fkh ;g fof/k eq>s bruh ilUn vk;h fd bllsizHkkfor gksdj jch 2003&04 esa d`f k foKku dsUnz] cLrh ds lg;ksxls ;w0ih0 ,xzks cLrh ls 25 izfr'kr NwV ij ,d thjks fVy e'khu[kjhn yh ftlls eSaus vius leLr vkB ,dM+ xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ blhe'khu ls dhA lkFk gh vius xk¡o ds vU; fdlkuksa us xsgw¡ dh cqokbZftldk {ks=Qy 70 ,dM+ gS] dh Hkh cqokbZ blh e'khu ls dhA bldsvfrfjDr {ks= ds 20 xk¡oksa ds fdlkuksa ds ;gk¡ yxHkx 85 ,dM+ esasthjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ dk dk;Z fd;kA cqokbZ dk;Z gsrq #0350@& izfr ,dM+ dh nj ls fdjk;k ftlesa yxHkx #0 36000@&dh vk; izkIr gqbZA

Ram Sidhar Chaudhary S/o Sh. Ram UgrahVillage : Pokharbhitava, Block : Saltaua


To test the zero till machine during the year

2002-03, I did 0.5 acre wheat sowing by this

method. After seeing the crop condition and net

profit, I became very much impresed and sowed 8

acres wheat by this machine in the year 2003-04. I

also purchased a zero till machine on 25% subsidy

from U. P. Agro., Basti with assistance of Krishi

Vigyan Kendra, Basti scientists. I did wheat sowing

in about 70 acre in my own village and 85 acre in

other 20 villages in sorrounding area. I rented the

machine for sowing at Rs. 350 per acre and fetched

Rs. 36,000 as additional income.

thjks fVyst rduhd ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djus ij izfr gS0 yxHkx

#0 3000@& dh cpr gksrh gSA /kku dh dVkbZ ds rqjUr ckn xsgw¡ dh

cqokbZ gks tkrh gS ftlls le; ls cqokbZ gksus ds dkj.k iSnkokj Hkh

vPNh izkIr gksrh gS rFkk ikS/ks fxjrs Hkh ugha gSaA

HariNarainSinghS/oSh.LateJagannathSinghVillage : Bargo, Block : Khalilabad


Through zero tillage technology saving is nearly

Rs. 3,000 per hectare. The sowing of wheat can be

done just after the harvesting of paddy. Thus, the

production increases due to timely sowing. The

length of ear is more and no lodging occurred.

thjks fVyst ls cqokbZ dh iz.kkyh ,d vk/kqfud o mRre fdLedh iz.kkyh gS tks fdlku Hkkb;ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA blls T;knkiSnkokj ds lkFk&lkFk [ksrh esa ykxr Hkh de yxrh gS tks fdlkuksadh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks Hkh etcwr cukrh gSA ;g mUur fdLe dh [ksrhmUur Hkkjr ds fy, lcls vf/kd mi;ksxh gSA

Parsidha Pal S/o Sh. Ram Keshri PalVillage : Panchawa, Block : SemriyanwaDistrict : Sant Kabir Nagar (U. P.)

The system of sowing through zero tillage is alatest and good type system which is useful tofarmers. Besides, more production the cost ofcultivation is also less which makes strongeconomic condition of the farmers. This improvedtype of farming is most useful for progressive andshining India.

thjks fVyst ,d vR;Ur lQy rduhd gS] eSaus Lo;a thjks fVyLkhM de QVhZ fMªy [kjhnk gS vkSj foxr nks o kks± ls jch esa xsgw¡]puk dh cqokbZ dj jgk gww¡A eSaus yxHkx 10 gS0 {ks=Qy esa xsgw¡ dkcht mRiknu bl i)fr ls djds viuh vk; esa 15 ls 20 izfr'kr dhc<+ksRrjh dh gSA bl rduhd ls cht rFkk flapkbZ esa 20 ls 25izfr'kr mRiknu esa o`f) gqbZ gSA fodkl [k.M esa vU; izxfr'khyd` kdksa us Hkh bl ;a= ls cqokbZ djds ykHk mBk;k gSA

Narendra Bahadur S/o Sh. Ramashray SinghVillage : Velbanwan, Block : MendduwalDistrict : Sant Kabir Nagar (U. P.)

Zero tillage is a very successful technology. Ihave purchased myself the zero till seed-cum-fertidrill and using in season for the sowing ofwheat and gram. I have increased my income 15 to20% to produce wheat seed in 10 hectare. The costof production decreased 20 to 25 per cent in seed,irrigation and production increased 12 to 15 per centtoo. Other progressive farmers of the block alsobenefited from sowing by this machine.

Rabi

thjks fVy e'khu vkt ds ;qx esa cgqr gh mi;ksxh e'khu gSAthjks fVy e'khu ls de ykxr esa vPNh iSnkokj yh tk ldrh gSAoSls ;g e'khu T;knk ykHkizn blfy, gS tks fdlku uhps okys [ksr esaxsgw¡ dh cqokbZ fnlEcj esa djrk gks mlds fy, bl e'khu ls fNVdokafof/k ls 16 fnu igys ml [ksr dh cqokbZ dh tk ldrh gSA blfy,bl e'khu ls fNVdoka fof/k ls de cht] de ikuh esa vPNh mityh tk ldrh gSA

Vaijnath Rai S/o Shri Shiv Murti RaiVillage : Belhar Khurd, Block : Belhar KalaDistrict : Sant Kabir Nagar (U. P.)

Zero Till Machine is a very useful machine inmodern age. Good production can be taken in lesscost by zero till machine. This machine is moreuseful for that farmers who sow the wheat in lowlandin month of December. In this condition the sowingcan be done 15 days advance than broadcastingmethod by this machine. So, good production canbe taken by this machine in less seed and lesswater.

thjks fVy ds lEcU/k esa eSa crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd bl e'khu lscqokbZ djds eSaus izfr gSDVS;j 1600 ls 1700 #0 dh cpr dh gS tcfd 'kq:&'kq: esa yksx ;g dgrs Fks fd bl rjg ls cqokbZ djus lsD;k iSnkokj gksxh ckn esa ogh yksx vkdj e'khu ds fy, le;fu/kkZfjr djrs Fks fd gekjk [ksr dc cks;k tk;sxkA eSaus viuh laLFkkdh e'khu }kjk 45 ,dM+ [ksr dh cqokbZ vius VSªDVj ls djk;h vkSjlHkh fdlku cgqr izlUUk gq,A

Dharmendra Nath S/o Shri Ganga Prasad RaiVillage : Belhar Khurd, Block : Belhar KalaDistrict : Sant Kabir Nagar (U. P.)

I want to tell about Zero Till machine that I havesaved Rs. 1600 to 1700 through sowing by thismachine. While in starting people said that whatproduction will be by this later same people came totake time for the machine that when will be sown ourfield. I have sown 45 acres area with my tractor bymachine of our institute. All farmers were muchhappy.

thjks fVy ls [ksr dh cqokbZ ls ykHk gh ykHk gS A cqokbZ le;ls gks x;h ftlls ijEijkxr fof/k }kjk cksus vkSj thjks fVy }kjk xsgw¡cksus esa tks ykHk gqvk og ;g fd & 1- le; dk ykHk lkr fnu gqvkA2- [kjirokj 40 izfr'kr de mxsA 3- flapkbZ esa 30 izfr'kr de ikuhnsuk iM+kA 4- tqrkbZ dk [kpZ cp x;k tks #0 600@& izfr ,dM+FkkA 5- iSnkokj esa 1-5 fDoa0 izfr ,dM+ ds fglkc ls o`f) gqbZA

Suresh Singh S/o Late Matadin SinghVillage : Garwar, Block : GarwarDistrict : Ballia (U. P.)

There are several benefits of wheat sowingthrough ZT method over conventional tillage.1. Wheat was sown through ZT method before 7days as compared to conventional tillage. 2. Therewas about 40% reduction in weed over CT. 3. 30%less water was used in irrigation. 4. Rs. 600 weresaved per acre over CT method. 5. 1.5 q per acreyield was increased over CT method.

ge ijEijkxr fof/k ls tks cqokbZ djrs Fks mldh vis{kk thjksfVy ls cqokbZ djus ij ik¡p fnu iwoZ gekjs [ksr dh cqokbZ gks xbZAthjks fVy ls cqokbZ djus ds ckn flapkbZ djus ij ,d ,dM+ esaifEiaxlsV ls flapkbZ djus ij 3 ?kUVk le; de yxkA ijEijkxrfof/k ls flapkbZ ,d ,dM+ djus ij 10 ?kUVk yxrk Fkk thjks fVy}kjk cqokbZ djus ds mijkUr flapkbZ djus ij 7 ?kUVk ,d ,dM+ dhflapkbZ esa yxkA xsgw¡ dk ekek rFkk tbZ ds mxus esa 40 izfr'kr dhdeh vk;hA xsgw¡ esa dsoy fujkbZ dh tkrh gS geus o kZ 2003&04 esa,d ,dM+ {ks=Qy esa thjsk fVy ls cqokbZ dh Fkh] feV~Vh nkseV gSA

Babban Singh S/o Late Gauri Shankar SinghVillage : Garwar, Block : GarwarDistrict : Ballia (U. P.)

While sown the wheat seed 5 days time wassaved as compared to traditional method. Aftersowing of wheat by ZT machine irrigation time wassaved by 3 hours (means 7 hours) while in oldsystem of sowing it was 10 hours. In this way 7hours time was taken in 1 acre land of irrigation.There was 40% reduction in whileadopting ZT machine. One acre land was sown bywheat in the year 2003-04.

Phalaris minor

1- ijEijkxr fof/k ls cksus ij 70 izfr'kr vadqj.k gksrk gStcfd bl fof/k ls 80&85 izfr'kr vadqj.k gqvkA 2- ikS/kksa ds ykbu esagksus ls fujkbZ djrs le; cgqr lqfo/kk gqbZA 3- [ksr esa mxus okys[kjirokj xsgw¡lk esa 50 izfr'kr dh deh gqbZA 4- [ksr dh flapkbZ dsfy;s ukyh es<+ cukus esa tks etnwjh yxrh Fkh 3 etnwjksa dh etnwjh#0 180@& dh cpr gqbZA 5- #0 1700@& izfr gS0 ds fglkc lsijEikjkxr fof/k dh vis{kk bl fof/k ls [kpZ dh cpr gqbZA

Kailash Singh S/o Shri Jang Bahadur SinghVillage : Garwar, Block : GarwarDistrict : Ballia (U. P.)

1. With regards to conventional method ofwheat sowing generally 70% germination took placewhile in ZT 85% germination was recorded. 2. Withrespect to line sowing easy in weeding wasobserved. 3. About Rs. 180 per ha were saved inlabour cost. 4. About Rs. 1700 were saved withregard to cost of cultivation/ha compared toconventional method.

eSaus ,d ,dM+ thjks fVy ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh FkhA gekjh ykxriwoZ dh fof/k dh vis{kk djhc #0 2000@& izfr gS0 de vkbZA igysge ftl rjg cqokbZ djrs Fks bl o kZ 2003&04 esa ,d ,dM+ thjksfVy ls cqokbZ djus ij gekjh cqokbZ 6 fnu igys gks xbZA p¡wfd thjksfVy ls ,slh O;oLFkk gS fd [kkn] cht ,d gh txg fxjrs gSa blfy,geus ;g fof/k viuk dj ns[kk fd [kkn vkSj cht ,d txg fxjsftlls ikS/kksa }kjk [kkn dk iwjk mi;ksx gqvkA pw¡fd thjks fVy lscqokbZ djus ij iafDr ls iafDr rFkk ikS/k ls ikS/k dh nwjh [ksr esa mfprjgh] blfy, [ksr cf<+;k fn[k jgk Fkk rFkk mRiknu Hkh 5 fDoa0 izfrgS0 vf/kd vk;kA

Ram Bachan Singh S/o Sri Deo Nandan SinghVillage : Garwar, Block : GarwarDistrict : Ballia (U. P.)

I had sown one acre wheat with zero tilltechnology and saved Rs. 2000/ha as compared totraditional method. Six days time advance sowing ofwheat under ZT was done. Since this is scientificsystem in ZT machine to keep the seed and fertilizerto right place so that plants may use fertilizer fully.Since line to line and plant to plant distance waskept at right place, so this crop looked veryvigorous. In this system 5 q/ha yield was increased.

1- xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ thjks fVy e'khu ls ijEijkxr fof/k ls 5 fnu

iwoZ gks xbZA 2- iafDr ls iafDr dh nwjh 18 lseh gksrh gSA 3- ijEijkxr

fof/k ls 40 fdxzk cht izfr ,dM+ yxrk Fkk fdUrq thjks fVy e'khu

ls 35 fdxzk cht izfr ,dM+ yxrk gS] tks [kkn nh mldk Hkjiwj

mi;ksx gks x;k D;ksafd [kkn] cht ,d gh LFkku ij fxj x;kA 4-

ijEijkxr fof/k ls 1-5 fDoa0 izfr ,dM+ mit esa o`f) thjks fVy

e'khu ls gks xbZA 5- tqrkbZ ij #0 650@&izfr ,dM+ dh cpr gqbZA

Sri Ram Singh S/o Late Sh. Brahm Deo SinghVillage : Maniyar, Block : Garwar

District : Ballia (U. P.)

1. Sowing of wheat was 5 days earlier as

compared to conventional method. 2. Line to line

sowing was 18 cm apart. 3. With regards to old

method of sowing 40 kg of wheat seed was sown

per acre, but by adopting this ZT method only 35 kg

seed was used. 4. Since fertilizer and seed were

dropped at right place, therefore, fertilizer utilized

efficiently. 5. About 1.5 q/ha yield of wheat

increased while sown with ZT machine as compared

to traditional method. 6. About Rs. 650.00 per acre

were saved on field preparation.

/kku dkVus ds ckn thjks fVy e'khu ls elwj dh cqokbZ ,d,dM+ dh xbZ ftlls ijEijkxr fof/k dh rqyuk esa 4&5 fnu igyscqokbZ lEiUUk gks xbZA thjks fVy }kjk ,d ,dM+ elwj dh cqokbZ dhxbZ ftlls cqokbZ [kpZ ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk 650@& izfr ,dM+ds fglkc ls de vk;kA thjks fVy }kjk cqokbZ djus ds ckn ik;kx;k dh vadqj.k ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk 10 izfr'kr T;knk gqvkAthjks fVy }kjk ,d ,dM+ elwj dh cqokbZ djus ij ijEijkxr fof/kdh vis{kk 1-5 fDoa0 mRiknu T;knk gqvkA

Deep Narain Singh S/o Shri Ram Adhar SinghVillage : Garwar, Block : GarwarDistrict : Ballia (U. P.)

After harvesting of paddy, lentil was sown

directly through ZT machine. Therefore, five days

earlier sowing was done as compared to

conventional method. Rs. 650 per acre were saved

as compared to traditional method. 10% germination

was recorded more while sown with ZT machine

consequently gave 1.5 q/acre more yield.

eSaus thjks fVy ls ,d ,dM+ elwj dh [ksrh gkjosLVj ls /kkudkVus ds ckn dhA bl rjg ls igys dh fof/k ls [ksrh djus dhvis{kk 5 fnu igys gh gks xbZA thjks fVy ls ,d ,dM+ elwj dhcqokbZ djus ij ns[kk fd elwj dh ,d ,dM+ dh cqokbZ esa ykxr djhc#0 1700 izfr gSDVs;j iwoZ fof/k dh vis{kk de vkbZA thjks fVy lselwj dh cqokbZ ,d ,dM+ djus ij ik;k x;k fd thjks fVy ls cqokbZdjus ij mRiknu djhc 3 fDoaVy izfr gSDVs;j dh nj ls igys fof/kls vf/kd feykA

Gorakh Nath Singh S/o Late Sh. Sukh Deo SinghVillage : Garwar, Block : Garwar

District : Ballia (U. P.)

After harvesting of paddy through harvester, I

sowed one acre land of lentil through zero till

machine. In this way five days earlier sowing was

done as compared to traditional method. About

Rs.1700 per ha were saved by using ZT machine.

Similarly, 3 q/ha yield was increased as compared to

the traditional method.

gesa o kZ 2002 esa ujsUnz nso d`f k fo'ofo|ky; }kjk lapkfyrd`f k Kku dsUnz] vEcsMdj uxj ds }kjk fcuk tqrkbZ xsgw¡ dh cqokbZds ckjs esa tkudkjh gqbZA lcls igys geus thjks fVyst e'khu }kjkxsgw¡ dh cqokbZ vius [ksr esa djk;h rks xk¡o okyksa us dgk fd bl ckjvkids [ksr esa xsgw¡ ugha iSnk gksxkA cqokbZ djkrs le; 100 fdxzk xsgw¡dk ih0ch0MCyw0 334 cht ,oa 130 fdxzk Mh0,0ih0 izfr gSDVs;jMkyk rks teko ,d lIrkg esa cgqr gh vPNk gqvk vkSj ckn dhvoLFkk eas nks ckj 100 fdxzk ;wfj;k Mkyk vkSj xsgw¡ dh rhu flapkbZ dhftlls izfr oxZehVj 473 ikS/kksa esa ckfy;k¡ vk;ha vkSj mit 70dqUry@gSDVs;j feykA rc ls eSa yxkrkj bl rduhd ls gh cqokbZdjrk gw¡ vkSj djhc nks ?kUVs esa ,d gSDVs;j dh cqokbZ gks tkrh gSftlls 55&60 yhVj Mhty dh cpr fNVdoka fof/k dh vis{kk gksrhgS vkSj flapkbZ ds ikuh dh 16 ?kaVs dh cpr gksrh gSA dqy feykdjizfr gSDVs;j #0 3600@&izfr gSDVs;j cpr gksrh gSA

Hari Shankar Verma S/o Sh. Ram Achal VermaVillage : Payagpur, Block :Akabarpur

District : Ambedkar Nagar (U. P.)

I have known about this technique (sowing of

wheat without ploughing) in the year 2002 from

KGK, Ambedkar Nagar of NDUAT, Kumarganj,

Faizabad. First of all I sowed wheat through zero till

machine at my field. The villagers said that you will

not be able to produce yield of wheat at your field. At

the time of sowing, I used wheat PBW 343 @ 100

kg/ha and DAP 130 kg/ha and observed very good

germination. During later stage applied 100 kg

Urea/ha (2 times) and irrigated three times.

Recorded 473 plants/m and yield 70 q/ha. I am

sowing wheat through this technique continuously.

One ha area is sown in 2 h which saves 55-60 litres

diesel in comparison to conventional method. On

irrigation there is saving of 16 h. Thus, total saving is

Rs. 3600 per hectare.

2

eSaus v[kckj ds ek/;e ls thjks fVyst rduhd ds ckjs esatkudkjh izkIr dhA rRi'pkr eSaus d`f k foKku dsUnz] lksguk]fl)kFkZuxj ij lEidZ fd;k ogk¡ ij bZ0 v'kksd dqekj ik.Ms; dhns[kjs[k esa [kjSyk QkeZ ij cqokbZ py jgh FkhA mlls izHkkfor gksdjeSaus vius ;gk¡ thjks fVyst e'khu ls yxHkx 15 gS0 [ksr esa xsgw¡ dhcqokbZ dhA ijEijkxr cqokbZ dh rqyuk esa Mhty esa 32 yhVj izfrgSDVs;j dh cpr] cht esa 40 fdxzk izfr gSDVs;j dh cpr] flapkbZ esaHkh yxHkx 5 ?kUVk izfr gSDVs;j dh cpr ik;hA bruh cpr dsckotwn iSnkokj Hkh 2 dqUry izfr gSDVs;j vf/kd izkIr dhA

Arvind Kumar S/o Sh. Bansh Gopal PandeyVillage : Tarhar, Block : Bhanwapur

District : Siddharthnagar (U. P.)

I got information about the zero tillage

technology through newspaper. After that I visited

Kharila farm of KVK where wheat sowing was going

on under the supervision of Er. A. K. Pandey. I got

impressed with performacne of zero tillage machine.

I sowed wheat in 15 ha area with ZT machine. I

saved diesel in sowing, seed and diesel in irrigation

32 l, 40 kg and 8 l, respectively in one ha area in

comparison to conventional method of wheat

cultivation. I also got two quintals extra yield .

eSa foxr 5&6 o kksZa ls d`f k foKku dsUnz] fl)kFkZuxj dslEidZ esa g¡wW vkSj lCth dh [ksrh O;kid iSekus ij ogk¡ ds oSKkfudksadh ns[kjs[k esa djrk gw¡A ogha ds oSKkfudksa dh izsj.kk ls eSaus thjksfVyst rduhd ls dqN [ksr esa xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djk;hA bl rduhd lseq>s cht esa yxHkx 30 izfr'kr dh cpr rFkk Mhty esa 25 izfr'krdh cpr rFkk flapkbZ ds le; esa 50 izfr'kr dh cpr ijEijkxrcqokbZ dh rqyuk esa gqbZA iSnkokj Hkh ijEijkxr cqokbZ dh rqyuk esa dqNvf/kd FkkA xsgw¡ dk ekek Hkh thjks fVyst ls cks;s [ksr esa ijEijkxrcqokbZ dh vis{kk 40 izfr'kr de tek FkkA

Satya Prakash S/o Sh. Parmatma Prasad MishraVillage : Malhwar, Block : Bhawnapur

District : Siddharthnagar (U. P.)

I am in contact with KVK, Siddharthnagar since

last 5-6 years and doing vegetable cultivation on

large scale in the guidance of KVK scientists. With

the inspiration of KVK scientists I sowed wheat on

same field of the farm with zero tillage machine. I

saved seed, diesel and irrigation time 30%, 25%

and 50%, respectively as compared to conventional

method of wheat sowing. I also got same extra yield

from the plots sown with the zero tillage machine in

comparison to conventional method. The

germination of was found 40% less in

zero tillage sown plot.

Phalaris minor

d`f k Kku dsUnz] tkSuiqj ds lg;ksx ls fcuk tqrkbZ ds thjksfVyst e'khu ls cqokbZ djk;h ftlls gedks 4&5 tqrkbZ dk MhtyyxHkx 20&25 yhVj izfr ,dM+ cpr ds lkFk izfr ,dM+ 32 fdxzkcht yxk ftlls gekjk 8 fdyks cht Hkh cpkA flapkbZ djus ij ,d,dM+ esa 1-5 ls 2-0 ?kaVk ikuh dh cpr rFkk xsgw¡ dk ekek cgqr demxkA fNVdokW fof/k ls blds dYys T;knk LOkLFk mxsA eM+kbZ ds ckn,d ,dM+ eas gekjh mit 18 dqUry IkzkIr gqbZ tcfd fNVdokW fof/kls mrus [kkn vkSj cht ds lkFk mit ek= 16-5 dqUry gqbZA blizdkj fNVdokW fof/k esa ,d ,dM+ esa yxHkx 800 ls 1000 T;knk [kpZdjus ds ckotwn mit de feyhA xk¡o okys 'kq: esa grksRlkfgr djrsFksA vc ns[kdj vk'p;Z pfdr gaSA

Uma Nath Yadav S/o Shri Ram Kishor YadavVillage : Salkhapur, Block : Sirkoni

District : Jaunpur (U. P.)

I have done the sowing of wheat without tillage

with zero tillage machine and saved 20-25 l diesel

for 4-5 ploughings/acre, 8 kg seed/acre and 1.5-2

h/acre irrigation charge alongwith minimum

emergence of weed. Tillering of the

crop was good and healthy against broadcast

method. After threshing we got 18 q/acre yield

against conventional method yield was only 16.5

q/acre with same inputs. In conventional method we

spent about Rs. 800 to 1000/acre more expenditure

and raised less yield against zero tillage. Initially the

villagers were criticizing me.

Phalaris minor

fcuk tqrkbZ xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh tkudkjh d`f k Kku dsUnz]

dl;k] dq'khuxj %u0ns0d`f k ,oa izkS0fo0fo0] QStkckn% }kjk

vk;ksftr fnukad 26-11-2000 ls 28-11-2000 d` kd rduhdh izf'k{k.k

dk;Zdze tks fd dsUnz] eq[;ky; ij vk;ksftr Fkk fo k; jch Qlyksa

esa viuk;h tkus okyh vkbZ-ih-,e- rduhdh ds rgr Jh eukst dqekj]

fo0o0fo0 %ikni j{kk% ds O;k[;ku ls IkzkIr gqbZA blds igys bl

rjhds ls xsgw¡ dgha ugha ns[kh] bl fof/k ls izksRlkfgr gksdj d`f k

Kku dsUnz dh u;h e'khu tks dh d`f k Kku dsUnz xksj[kiqj ij j[kh

Fkh ogka ls ykdj 'kq:vkr esa 3 ,dM+ {ks=Qy eas xsgw¡ dh iztkfr

ekyoh; 234 dh cqokbZ dhA bl fof/k dks viukus ls eq>s [ksr dh

rS;kjh esa #0 1200@& dh cpr gqbZ rFkk flapkbZ ij #0 550@&cpr

gqbZ rFkk mit esa 9960 #0 dk ykHk izkIr vkj-lhVh- ;kstuk ds rgr

bl tuin ls esjk p;u fd;k rFkk ogk¡ ds d` kdksa dks viuk vuqHko

Vajid Ali Siddqi S/o Mohd. Nasarullah SiddqiVillage : Arjun Dumari, Block : HataDistrict : Kushinagar (U. P.)

rabi

For the first time I got the technical know-how ofzero till machine by delivering lecture by thescientists of the KGK, Kushinagar during the sessionof TOT organized by the centre at centreheadquarter on 26.11.02 to 28.11.02 under the topicof IPM in crop. I have never seen the areasown by this method nor I have heard alsoregarding the technique. In the beginning I sowed3.0 acres of land of wheat variety Malviya 234 fullyconvinced and impressed by the above technique. Igot net profit of Rs. 9960 in selling of yield includingRs. 1200 and 550 in preparation of land andirrigation, respectively per acre. I was also selectedby the centre scientists under RCT scheme andwatched this technique in other districts and sharedour experience vice-versa returning from RCT visit Isowed about 10 acre area under wheat crop andthe other farmers of my village also sowed the areaby this technique following me also.

eSa foxr rhu o kks± ls thjsk fVyst dk;ZØe ls tqMk+ gw¡ vkSjyxkrj xsgw¡ dh ,oa /kku dh cqokbZ bl e'khu ls djrk vk jgk gw¡Athjks fVyst rduhd ls uoEcj ds eghus esa /kku dh Qly dVus ijrqjUr 100 fdxzk cht ,oa 128 fdxzk MkbZ veksfu;e QkLQsV dh izfrgSDVs;j t:jr iM+rh gSA ,d gsDVs;j dh cqokbZ nks ?kUVs esa gks tkrhgSA rst gok ,oa cjlkr ls Qly fxjrh ugha gSA Qly 8&10 fnutYnh id tkrh gSA Qly dh ckyh yEch] nkus eksVs gksrs gSa] iSnkokj3&5 dqUry izfr gSDVs;j vf/kd gksrh gSA cqokbZ dh xgjkbZ 2&3 lSaehj[kus ls teko vPNk gksrk gSA

Bhim Bahadur S/o Sh. Jang Bahadur SinghVillage : Khemapur, Block : Katehari

District :Ambedkar Nagar (U. P.)

Since last three years, I have been attached

with zero till programme and doing sowing of wheat

and rice through zero till machine. For sowing of

wheat, in November after harvesting of rice, 100 kg

seed and 128 kg DAP per ha are required. One

hectare area is sown within two hours. No lodging of

crop. Crop matured 8-10 days earlier. This

technique increased yield by 3-5 q/ha and produced

healthy grain and long ear. Depth of sowing 2-3 cm

responded very good germination.

thjks fVy e'khu }kjk eSaus 4 gSDVs;j ekyoh; 234 xsgw¡ dhcqokbZ 25 uoEcj] 2003 dks dh ftlesa eq>s 2600 #i;s izfr gSDVs;jdh nj ls tqrkbZ esa cpr ,oa cht esa 42 izfr'kr dh cpr gqbZA ble'khu ls cqokbZ djus ls mit esa 2-5 dqUry@gSDVs;j o`f) feyhA blfof/k esa izpfyr fof/k ls cks;s x;s mDr iztkfr ls teko 3 fnu iwoZgks x;kA Qly dh flapkbZ esa 50 izfr'kr ikuh dh cpr ,oa O;kar12&15 rd feykA Qly gjh&Hkjh ,oa LoLFk FkhA bl e'khu lsQsyfjl ekbuj 60 izfr'kr fu;af=r gks x;kA

Mahendra Kumar S/o Sh. Chhedi LalVillage : Rema, Block : Niyamtabad

District : Chandauli (U. P.)

With the help of zero till machine I sowed 4

hectare Malviya 234 wheat on 25th Novemer, 2003

in which I saved Rs. 2600/ha in ploughing and 24%

in seeds. The yield increased 2.5 q/ha. Seeds

germinated three days earlier under zero till,

compared to traditional method. 50% of water was

saved in the irrigation. Numbers of tillers were

observed to be 12-15. Crop was found to be in good

and healthy condition. The population of

was reduced by 60% by using ZT machine.

Phalaris

minor

thjks fVyst e'khu }kjk eSaus 7 gS0 ih-ch-MCY;w- 343 iztkfr 15

uoEcj] 2003 dks cks;k Fkk ftlesa eq>s #0 2500@& izfr gSDVs;j dh

nj ls tqrkbZ esa cpr ,oa cht esa 45 izfr'kr dh cpr gqbZA Qly

gjh Hkjh Fkh ,oa O;kar 20&25 dh la[;k esa gqbZA Qly dh flapkbZ esa

55 izfr'kr ikuh dh cpr gqbZ ,oa bl fof/k ls cqokbZ djus ij 3-5

dqUry izfr gSDVs;j dh vf/kd mit gqbZA [kjirokj 70 izfr'kr de

mxs ,oa nok [kpZ esa 50 izfr'kr dh deh vk;hA

Shyam Narain Singh S/o Sh. Dashrath SinghVillage : Mankapara, Block : ShahabganjDistrict : Chandauli (U. P.)

With the help of ZT machine, I sowed 7 haPBW 343 variety of wheat on 15th November, 2003in which I have saved Rs. 2500 per hectare inploughing and 45% in seeds. The crop was found tobe in good & healthy condition and number of tillerswere observed to be 20-25. About 55% water wassaved in the irrigation of crop and yield increased by3.5 q/ha in this method. The population of weedswas reduced by 70% and expenditure on pesticideswas reduced to 50 per cent.

thjks fVyst e'khu }kjk eSaus 5 gSDVs;j ekyoh; 234 xsgw¡ dhcqokbZ 18 uoEcj] 2003 dks dh Fkh] ftlesa eq>s #0 3000@& izfrgSDVs;j dh nj ls tqrkbZ esa cpr ,oa cht esa 40 izfr'kr dh cprgqbZA cht dk teko vius vU; [ksr eas izpfyr fof/k ls cks;s x;smDr iztkfr ls 3 fnu iwoZ gh gks x;kA Qly dh flapkbZ eas 60izfr'kr ikuh dh cpr gqbZA izfr ikS/kk esa fVyfjax 15 ls 18 rdfeykA Qly LoLFk FkhA thjks fVy e'khu esa mDr xsgw¡ dh cqokbZdjus ls mit esa 3 dqUry izfr gSDVs;j dh o`f) gqbZA

Kapil Deo Singh S/o Sh. Sukhai SinghVillage : Saidupur, Block : Shahabganj


With the help of ZT machine I sowed 5 ha

Malviya 234 wheat on 18th November, 2003 in

which I saved Rs. 3000 per hectare in ploughing and

40% in seed. Seeds germinated three days before

by sowing with the help of ZT machine as compared

to traditional method. 60% of water was saved in the

irrigation of crop. Number of tillers was observed to

be 15-18 per hill. The crop was found to be in good

and healthy condition. The yield increased by 3 q/ha

on sowing of the same variety of seeds with the help

of said machine.

thjks fVy e'khu ls eSaus 3 gSDVs;j ekyoh; 234 xsgw¡ dh cqokbZdh ftlds }kjk #0 2500 izfr gSDVs;j tqrkbZ esa cpr gqbZA cht esacpr 40 izfr'kr gqbZA Qly dh flapkbZ esa 60 izfr'kr Mhty dhcpr gqbZ ,oa 60 izfr'kr ikuh dh cpr gqbZA thjks fVy e'khu lsmDr xsgw¡ dh tks iztkfr cks;h Fkh ml cht dk teko vius vke fof/kdh vis{kk 3 fnu iwoZ gh gks x;k FkkA izfr ikS/ks esa O;kar 14&17 rdgqvkA Qly LoLFk jghA thjks fVy e'khu ls xsgw¡ cqokbZ djus ls eq>s2-5 dq0@gSDVs;j mit esa o`f) gqbZA thjks fVy e'khu ls eSaus ftlxsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh Fkh mlesa xsgw¡ ds ekek dk izHkko 50 izfr'kr dejgkA mDr xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ eSaus thjks fVy e'khu ls 25 uoEcj] 2003dks dh FkhA

Ram Sudhar Singh S/o Sh. Shiv Das SinghVillage : Bhodhanpur, Block : Shahabganj


With the help of ZT machine I sowed 3 ha

Malviya 234 wheat in which I saved Rs. 2500 per ha

in ploughing. I saved 40% in seeds. I saved 60% in

diesel and 60% of water in the irrigation of the crop.

Seeds germinated three days before by sowing with

the help of ZT machine of the same variety of wheat

compared to the traditional method. Number of tillers

was observed to be 15-17 her hill. The crop was

found to be in good and healthy conditon. The yield

increased by 2.5 q/ha, on sowing the seeds with the

help of said machine. The was

reduced by 50%. Sowing was done on 25th

November, 2003.

Phalaris minor

eSaus thjks fVy e'khu ls pkj gSDVs;j xsgw¡ ekyoh; 234 dhcqokbZ 30 uoEcj] 2003 dks dh Fkh] ftlds }kjk eq>s #0 2200@&izfr gSDVs;j dh tqrkbZ esa cpr gqbZA xsgw¡ ds cht dk teko izpfyrfof/k dh vis{kk 3 fnu igys gqvk] thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ijgesa cht esa 40 izfr'kr dh cpr gqbZA izfr ikS/kk esa fVyfjax 12 ls 15rd gqvk ,oa Qly gjh Hkjh LoLFk jghA flapkbZ esa 50 izfr'kr dhcpr gqbZA thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ls gekjs [ksr esa foxro kksaZ dh vis{kk xsgw¡ ds ekek dk teko 60 izfr'kr de jgkA thjksfVy e'khu ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ djus ij gesa 3 dqUry izfr gSDVs;jmit vf/kd izkIr gqbZA

Guptnath Maurya S/o Late Sh. G. R. MauryaVillage : Rema, Block : NiyamtabadDistrict : Chandauli (U. P.)

With the help of ZT machine I sowed 4 haMalviya 234 wheat on 30th November, 2003 inwhich I saved Rs. 2200 per ha in ploughing. Seedsgerminated three days before by sowing with thehelp of ZT machine compared to the traditionalmethod. I saved 40% in seeds. The number of tillerswas observed to be 12-15 and crop was found to bein good & healthy condition. 50% of water wassaved in irrigation of crop. The germination of

was reduced by 60% by using thismachine. The yield increased by 3 q/ha on sowingthe seeds with the help of said machine.

Phalaris minor

eSaus thjks fVy e'khu us'kuy ,xzks fMtkbu vkSj ,-,l-,l-

QkmUMªh fMtkbu nksuksa ls xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh vkSj gesa flapkbZ esa 45

izfr'kr cpr feyh] xsgw¡ dk cht de yxk] nkus cM+s rFkk pednkj Fks

vkSj ikS/ks etcwr Fks] fxjs ugha rFkk Qly ,d leku:i ls idh]

iSnkokj Hkh ,d ,dM+ esa nks dqUry vf/kd feyhA jsTM csM ls Hkh /kku

dh cqokbZ dh xbZ FkhA /kku dh thjks fVy ls lh/kh cqokbZ esa ?kkl de

teh] iwts vPNs gq;s] iSnkokj vPNh gqbZ iUr 12 /kku cks;k x;k Fkk

bl ckj iwjh xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ thjks fVy e'khu ls dh tk;sxhA

Birjoo Prasad S/o Sh. Dwarika PrasadVillage : Rakhauna, Block :Araji Lines

District : Varanasi (U. P.)

I have used National Agro and ASS foundry

designed zero till machine for wheat sowing and got

45% sowing in irrigation. I found that wheat seed

consumption was less, grains were bold as well as

shining. Enough strong the plants and no lodging

was observed. Uniform crop maturity and two

quintals more yield per acre were found under ZT.

Paddy crop was also sown by raised bed planter.

Direct seeding of paddy by zero till machine resulted

in less emergence of weed, hills were vigour and

yield was appreciable. Pant-12 variety was used in

ZT sowing. This time I plan to use zero till machine

for wheat sowing in all of my plots.

Je] le; vkSj /ku rhuksa dh cpr thjks fVyst esa gSA

Amitabh Singh S/o Late Sh. M. P. Singh

Village : Bhikharipur, Raja Talab,

Block :Araji Lines

District : Varanasi (U. P.)

Labour, time and money all three are saved in

zero tillage technology.

1- thjks fVy xsgw¡ dh mit ijEijkxr dh rqyuk esa 2-6dq0@gS0 vf/kd feyhA 2- thjks fVy ds iz;ksx ls Mhty dh 36yhVj@gS0 dh cpr gqbZA 3- blesa cht de yxrk gS rFkk 38fdxzk@gS0 cht dh cpr gqbZA 4- jsTM csM /kku dh mit ijEijkxrdh raqyuk esa 10 dq0@gS0 vf/kd feyhA

Arun Kumar Singh S/o Sh. Bansh Gopal SinghVillage : Gulauri, Block : RatanpuraDistrict : Mau (U. P.)

1. Zero till wheat yield was 2.6 q/ha higher incomparison to traditional. 2. By use of zero tillmachine 36 l/ha saving in diesel was found. 3. Byuse of zero till machine seed saving was found 38kg/ha. 4. I got raised bed paddy yield 10 q/haheigher in comparison to traditional method.

1- thjks fVy e'khu }kjk cks;s x;s xsgw¡ dh mit ijEijkxr dh

rqyuk esa 2-8 dq0@gS0 vf/kd feyhA 2- thjks fVy dh xsgw¡ Qly dh

tM+ksa dh idM+ etcwr Fkh rFkk flapkbZ ds ckn gok pyus ij Qly

ugha fxjhA

Harendra Singh S/o Shri Ram Surat SinghVillage : Haldharpur, Block : RatanpuraDistrict : Mau (U. P.)

1. Zero till machine sown wheat yield was found

2-8 q/ha higher as compared to traditional method

(broadcasting system). 2. The zero till wheat roots

were firmly supported by soil and crop did not lodge

after irrigation inspite of high wind velocity.

1- thjks fVy e'khu dkQh mi;ksxh ,oa lLrh fof/k gSA

;w0ih0,xzks }kjk ek= #0 13]500 esa feyrh gSA 2- bl fof/k esa flapkbZ

gsrq 38 izfr'kr ikuh de yxrk gSA 3- cht dk teko cjkcj rFkk

tYnh gksrk gSA

Sunil Kumar Singh S/o Sh. Mahendra SinghVillage : Haldharpur, Block : RatanpurDistrict : Mau (U. P.)

1. Zero till machine is more cheap and easy

system. It is available in Rs. 13,500 only in U. P.

Agro. 2. By this method 38% lesser irrigation water

needed in comparison to traditional system. 3. Seed

germination in zero till method is uniform and fast.

e'khu xhys [ksr esa Hkh vPNk dke djrh gSA xsgw¡ dk teko Hkh

tYnh gksrk gSA

Rakesh Singh S/o Sh. Mahendra SinghVillage : Haldharpur, Block : RatanpurDistrict : Mau (U. P.)

Zero till machine was found suitable for high

moisture content field also and germination of wheat

was early.

1- bl fof/k esa [ksr dh rS;kjh ugha djuh gksrh gSA tcfd

ijEijkxr fof/k esa 1800 #0@gS0 O;; gksrk gSA 2- ;g e'khu

dEckbu ls dVs [ksr esa Hkh dkjxj gqbZA 3- xsgWw¡ dk ekek dk esjs [ksr

esa ijEijkxr dh rqyuk esa 36 izfr'kr de teko gqvkA

Kanhaia Yadav S/o Shri Sukhi Raj YadavVillage : Haldharpur, Block : RatanpurDistrict Mau (U. P.)

1. There is no need of field preparation in this

method whenever we spend Rs. 1800 in field

preparation. 2. Zero till machine is suitable for

combine harvested field also. 3. Population of

was found 36% lesser in comparison

to traditional.

Phalaris minor

1- Tkhjks fVy e'khu }kjk cht de yxrk gSA 35 fdxzk@gS0 dhnj ls cht cpr gqbZ FkhA 2- csly moZjd dk Hkjiwj iz;ksx Qly}kjk gksrk gSA 3- Qly dh idM+ etcwr gksrh gS] fxjrh ugha tcfdfNVdoka fof/k esa flapkbZ ds ckn gok pyus ij Qly fxjus dhf'kdk;r jgrh gSA

Prem Shankar Singh S/o Sh. Deo Bhushan SinghVillage : Haldharpur, Block : RatanpuraDistrict : Mau (U. P.)

1. Less seed (Wheat) is required by zero till

machine. 2. Maximum application of basal fertilizer

by crop itself. 3. Zero till crop does not fall due to

strong (firm) catch.

d`f k Kku dsUnz] tkSuiqj ds izHkkjh vf/kdkjh ds funsZ'ku ,oalg;ksx ls bl o kZ jch esa geus 2 ,dM+ ij xsgw¡ fd cqokbZ fcuktqrkbZ ds thjks fVy e'khu ls djds 16 dqUry izfr ,dM+ mit izkIrdhA 'kq: esa cqokbZ ds le; tks Hkh ns[kk og esjk etkd mM+k jgk Fkkfd fcuk tksrs D;k gksxk\ ijUrq Qly izkIr dk teko] dYys LokLF;dks ns[kdj dbZ fdlku HkkbZ m/kj ls xqtjrs Fks rks og bl ijtkudkjh ysus ds fy, {k.k Hkj [ksr ij vo'; #d tkrs FksA eSausvius 'ks k [ksr eas ijEijkxr rjhds ls Hkh xsgw¡ dh Qly mxk;hAijUrq blesa iSnkokj 12&14 dq0izfr ,dM+ izkIr gqbZ rFkk nkus LoLFk,oa lqMkSy gq,A eSa pkgw¡xk fd vU; d` kd Hkh mUur'khy ;a= dkiz;ksx dj tqrkbZ vkfn [ksr dh rS;kjh] Mhty dk [kpZ cpkus] decht] de ikuh ds lkFk moZjd dk lgh mi;ksx ,oa xsgw¡ dk ekek[kjirokj dh deh ls YkkHk izkIr dj ldrs gSaA

Shailendra Pratap S/o Sh. Sant Kumar SinghVillage : Barouna, Block : SikarasaDistrict : Jaunpur (U. P.)

I have produced 16 q/acre yield of wheat sownby zero tillage machine in two acre of land in thisyear under supervision of OIC and scientists of KGKJaunpur. Initially the people were fearing aboutsowing without tillage and taunting me. But afterseeing the germination, good tillering, growth &health of plants the passerby farmers wereinterested to know about zero tillage demonstrationperformance. I have also sown rest of field byconventional method with same practices produceonly 12-14 q/acre with weak grains as compared tohealthy and bold grains. I will appeal to otherfarmers to adopt these techniques which savediesel, seed, irrigation water alongwith properplacement of fertilizer with minimum emergence of

weed.Phalaris minor

d`f k Kku dsUnz] tkSuiqj ds lg;ksx ls igys eSaus /kku dhcqokbZ dh ftlesa [kjirokj dh leL;k T;knk jgus ds ckotwn ykxrde gksus dh otg ls 'kq) ykHk vPNk feykA iqu% jch esa fcuk tqrkbZds xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh ftlesa lh/ks rkSj ls 20-25 yhVj izfr ,dM+Mhty dh cpr] 10&12 fnu [ksr dh rS;kjh esa cpr rFkk 4&5 ?k.Vsizfr gS0 ikuh dh cpr ds lkFk fNVdoka fof/k ls vPNk mRiknu izkIrgqvkA 'kq: esa xk¡o okys etkd mM+krs dgrs Fks fd T;knk tehu gSblesa dqN Eksa ugha gksxk rks Hkh budk py tk;sxk ijUrq igyh flapkbZds ckn xsgw¡ esa vk;s dYys xsgw¡ dk jax o c<+okj ns[kdj etkd mM+kukcUn dj fn;kA bl izdkj bl e'khu ls cqokbZ djkus ij de [kpZ easge fdlkuksa ds fy, vPNk mRiknu izkIr djus dk cf<+;k ;a= gSA

Ram Bali Singh S/o Sh. Raj Narain SinghVillage :Amahit, Block : Kerakat


kharif

I have sown paddy with zero tillage technology

in 2003-04 with the help of KGK, Jaunpur.

The produce was better with some weed problem at

minimum cost of cultivation. Similarly, I had sown

wheat crop without tillage and saved 10-12 days

duration, 20-25 l diesel/acre and 4-5 h/ha. irrigation

water and produced better yield against

conventional method. Initially villagers were taunting

me but after 1st irrigation due to good tillering,

colour of leaf and growth of plant they stopped

taunting. Thus, machine showing yield better with

low cost of cultivation.

d`f k Kku dsUnz] tkSuiqj }kjk thjks fVyst e'khu dk 'kqHkkjEHk

gh gekjs ;gk¡ ls gqvkA fNVdoka ls vc ugha djrk D;ksafd de ykxr

esa mlls T;knk mit blls izkIr djrk gw¡A igys lky tc eSaus

yxk;k rks eq>s yksx ikxy dgrs Fks ijUrq tc Qly esa dYyksa dk

fodkl] Qly c<+okj vkSj ckyh dh yEckbZ o nkus dh eksVkbZ ns[kh

rks ikxy dguk Hkwy x;sA oSKkfudksa us esM+ cukdj vjgj dh cqokbZ

Hkh blh e'khu ls djk;h ftlesa esM+ ds lkFk&lkFk [kkn o cht dh

cqokbZ Hkh gqbZA gekjs ;gk¡ dh lkjh feV~Vh esa txg&txg ikuh yx

tkus ls ikS/ks xy tkrs Fks vkSj iwjs lky og [ksr [kkyh jgrk Fkk bl

dkj.k ls rhu pkj dqUry izfr ,dM+ gh mit gks ikrh Fkh ysfdu bl

o kZ ,d [ksr esa lkr dqUry izfr ,dM+] nwljs [ksr esa N% dqUry izfr

,dM+ mit izkIr gqbZA bl izdkj ykHk nqxquk gqvk ftlls ge dkQh

ykHkkfUor gSaA e'khuk NksVk gS ftlls gekjk gkbMªªksfyd [kjkc gks x;k

bls NksVs VªSDVj ds fy, gYdk cuk;sa] gekjk Lojkt VªSDVj gSA

Ram Singh S/o Shri Raja Ram SinghVillage : Dhaurail, Block : Shahaganj (Sodhi)


kharif

kharif

First time zero tillage was instructed on my field

by KVK, Jaunpur. Now I do not sow by conventional

method because of getting high yield with minimum

cost by zero tillage. At the time of starting people

said me a derailed person but after seeing the tillers,

crop growth, ear length, boldness of seed and yield

they forget. In 2003-04, I have also sown the

pigeonpea on raised bed by zero till raised bed

planter by which seed and fertilizer planted and bed

preparation made at same time with the help of

scientists. In conventional method the pigeonpea

crop in heavy soil in our area is damaged by

waterlogging and we got only 3-4 q yield/acre. But

with the help of this machine we got 7 q/acre in one

plot and 3 q/acre in another plot. Now we are happy

applying this method because we produce double

yield. It is my suggestion that in due to

heaviness of machine small tractor hydrolic makes

problem. Kindly provide light machine for my swaraj

tractor.

loZ izFke eq>s thjks fVy e'khu ds ckjs esa d`f k Kku dsUnz]

dq'khuxj ds oSKkfud Mk0 galjkt flag] izHkkjh vf/kdkjh ,oa Jh

eukst dqekj JhokLro]fo0o0fo0] ikni j{kk ls tkudkjh feyh rFkk

blls gksus okys ykHk ds ckjs esa irk pykA ftlls larq V gksdj eSaus

izkjEHk esa vius 5 ,dM+ ds iz{ks= ij xsgw¡ dh iztkfr ih-ch-MCY;w- 154

thjks fVy e'khu ds }kjk cks;kA vius izFke vuqHko ls tks eq>s ykHk

,oa ifj.kke feys os bl izdkj gSa&

1- [ksr dh rS;kjh esa yxus okyk [kpZ #0 2000@& % 5 ,dM+

esaA 2- flapkbZ ds ?kaVks esa deh ftlls izfr ,dM+ #0 100@& dh

cprA 3- thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ djus ij Qly ds fxjus dh

lEHkkouk u ds cjkcjA ftlls iwoZ ds o kksZ ls 10 izfr'kr mRiknu esa

o`f)A nkus LoLFk ,oa cf<+;k vkdkj ds rFkk dqy feykdj izfr ,dM+

,d dqUry xsgw¡ dh mit vf/kdA 4- ;fn bu lkjs ykHkksa dks ewY; :i

fn;k tk; rks izfr ,dM+ #0 1500 @& dk 'kq) ykHkA

bu lc Qk;nksa ls izksRlkfgr gksdj vU; fdlkuksa us Hkh o kZ

2003&04 esa djhc 40 ,dM+ Hkwfe esa thjks fVy e'khu ls cqokbZ dhA

eSaus Lo;a 10 ,dM+ iz{ks= esa cqokbZ dhA vkxkeh o kksZ esa bl e'khu ls

xsgw¡ dh cqokbZ dh lEHkkouk,a gekjs {ks= esa O;kid gSaA

Gyanvardhan Govind Rao S/o Sh. Om PrakashVillage : Ram kola, Block : Ramkola

District : Kushinagar (U. P.)

At the first time, I got a technical know-how of

zero till ferti drill machine by the OIC, KGK,

Kushinagar and scientists of plant protection of the

centre and I was fully convinced by this technique

regarding the view and profit and impressed and

sowed 5.0 acre of wheat variety PBW 154. The

result which I got from this technique are given

under :

1. Approximately I saved Rs. 2000 in

preparation of 5 acres land. 2. I saved Rs. 100 per

acre for irrigation of water. 3. Their is less chance of

falling of crop than traditional method sowing and

yield increase in 10% and grain were found healthy

and shining. As a result I got net profit of one quintal

in field per acre. 4. If it is conventional, an amount of

about Rs. 1500 will be ensured as profit per acre.

Looking and impressed by this technique the

other farmers also sowed their field about 40 acres

by zero till ferti drill machine. There is a vast

possibility for sowing of wheat in large areas by this

technique.

thjks fVyst fof/k dh tkudkjh d`f k Kku dsUnz] dl;k]

dq'khuxj ds oSKkfud Jh fojsUnz dqekj ;kno] fo0o0fo0 %m|ku% us esajs

xk¡o esa vkdj nh rRi'pkr~ eSaus dsUnz ij tkdj foLrkj ls tkudkjh

Jh lqn'kZu dqekj dqjhy] fo0o0fo0% lL;% ls yh blls izksRlkfgr

gksdj bl fof/k ls xsgw¡ dh iztkfr ih-ch-MCY;w- 154 dh cqokbZ dh

blls igys eq>s bl fof/k dh dksbZ tkudkjh u Fkh vkSj u gh dgha

,sls cksrs gq, ns[kk FkkA esjs gh iz{ks= ij d`f k Kku dsUnz] dl;k }kjk

,d MkLi fdlku esyk Hkh yxk;k x;k FkkA ftlesa yXkHkx 125

fdlkuksa us Hkkx fy;k FkkA

bl fof/k ls [ksr dh rS;kjh esa yxHkx #0 1000@&dh cpr

gq;h rFkk flapkbZ esa yxHkx #0 525@&dh cpr gqbZ rFkk mit esa

yxHkx #0 2000@& dk ykHk gqvkA 'kq: esa eSus bls 3 ,dM+ ls 'kq:

fd;k Fkk tcfd bl le; esjs xk¡o esa yxHkx 25 ,dM+ Hkwfe dh cqokbZ

bl fof/k ls gks jgh gS RkFkk vkxs Hkh bldk {ks= c<+k;k tk;sxkA

eSaus d`f k Kku dsUnz] dl;k] dq'khuxj ls jsTM csM IykUVj]

e'khu ykdj yxHkx 2 ,dM+ {ks= esa igyh ckj eDds ds lkFk xUus

dh cqokbZ dh ftlls yxHkx #0 5000@& dk ykHk gqvk rFkk izlkj

funs'kky; %u0ns0d`f k ,oa izkS0fo0fo0] QSTkkckn% }kjk eq[;ky; ij

vk;ksftr fdlku esyk 2004 esa d`f k Kku dsUnz] dl;k] dq'khuxj ds

ek/;e ls lEekfur Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA

Surendra Chaubey S/o Sh. Dineshwar ChaubeyVillage : Belva Durga Rai, Block : Kasaya

District : Kushinagar (U. P.)

The scientists of KGK Kushinagar SMS (Hort.)

visited my village and gave the technical know-how

of zero till ferti drill machine and I sowed three acres

of area under wheat crop variety PBW 154. After

impressed by the thoughts of scientists of the centre

SMS soils science which I was not known earlier

about 125 farmers participated in farmers' fair

organized by the KGK, Kushinagar which was

sponsored by DASP at my field.

I saved Rs. 1000 in preparation of land and

Rs. 525 in irrigation and thus, I got Rs. 2000 as net

profit per acre for the first time. Sowed 3 acres of

wheat by the technique and now this time about 25

acres of land has been sown by this technique and it

is hoped that increasement of the area of land

adopting this method.

For the first time I also sowed maize

+sugarcane intercropping crop by using raised bed

planter machine and earned Rs. 5000 as a profit. I

was also awarded in the Kisan Mela, 2004 of

NDUAT, Kumarganj, Faizabad for adopting this

technique.

thjks fVyst & fdlkuksa dh vkokt

DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION EDUCATIONCCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, HISAR

DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION EDUCATIONCCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, HISAR

Zero Tillage - CCS HAU, Hisar

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