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A R E T R O F I T T E D A U T O - R I C K S H A W F U E L L E DB Y S O L A R , E L E C T R I C A N D H U M A N P O W E R

B Y :

V A L E R I E M A I S & M I C H A E L S W I F T

U N I V E R S I T Y O F T O R O N T O

ZERO

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Presentation Overview

1. Identifying a sustainable transportation issue

2. Selecting an alternative3. Investigating human factors

4. The final product

5. Next steps

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1. Identifying an Issue

y By 2025, 2/3 of the worlds populationwill reside in urban areas

y Currently, almost 3/4 of the worldsmegacities are located in developingcountries

y All major residential areas of Delhi,India have air quality levels classified asCRITICAL

y

Transportation accounts for 72% ofDelhis air pollution

y Auto-rickshaws are fuelled by diesel andcontain a 2-stroke engine

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2. Selecting an Alternative

y Auto-rickshaws have the potential to run on renewablesources of energy, but which one(s)?

y

Solar power requires low installation costs, very low maintenance costs,is easy to maintain, is suited to the environment of most third worldcountries, is a very well developed technology, and leaves no negativeenvironmental impact upon implementation

y Therefore, solar power meets all of our objects to a high degree!

Wind Battery Solar Biofuel Hydro Geothermal

Objective Weight Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score1 0.2 3 0.6 3 0.6 4 0.8 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2

2 0.25 4 1 5 1.25 5 1.25 1 0.25 4 1 4 1

3 0.05 5 0.25 3 0.15 5 0.25 2 0.1 5 0.25 3 0.15

4 0.15 3 0.45 2 0.3 4 0.6 4 0.6 3 0.45 4 0.65 0.1 5 0.5 5 0.5 4 0.4 1 0.1 5 0.5 1 0.1

6 0.25 5 1.25 5 1.25 5 1.25 3 0.75 4 1 3 0.75

Total 4.05 4.05 4.55 2 3.4 2.8

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Selecting an Alternative

y But what happens duringmonsoon season?

{ Delhi has the shortest monsoonseason and least amount of rain outof all megacities where auto-rickshaws are most commonly used

y Electric batteries placedbelow the vehicle can berecharged via the solarpanelled roof and thedynamo located in thefront wheel

0

5

10

15

20

0 5 10 15

Days

Month

Average Number of Wet Days per Month

New Delhi

Jakarta

Bangkok

Dhaka

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3. Investigating Human Factors

y Questionnaire

{ How safe do you feel whentravelling via auto-rickshaw?

{ What do you want to see

improved in the design ofauto-rickshaws?

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Investigating Human Factors

y Indirect Observation

{ Online videos

{ Amal(2007)

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4. The Final Product (What)

Solar-panelledroof

Secure, lockabledoors

Rechargeableelectric batteries

Ergonomic seatswith seatbelts

Pedal-powereddynamo

recharging unit

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The Final Product (How)

y Non-for-profit organization creates auto-rickshawretrofit kits containing:

{ Solar panels

{ Batteries

{ Dynamo

{ Bicycle wheels

y Retrofitting stations will be set up within megacitieswhere ZEROs are to be distributed, providing jobsfor local civilians

{ Ergonomic seats

{ Seatbelts

{ Foot step

{ Vehicle doors

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5. Next Steps

y Follow-up with survey participants

{ Does ZERO sufficiently address the safety and comfort issuesyou have with the current auto-rickshaw model?

y Determine solar cell efficiency and powerrequirements

y Build a prototype

y Perform testing

{ E.g. Usability, performance, etc.

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T H A N K Y O U F O R Y O U R T I M E .

A R E T H E R E A N Y Q U E S T I O N S ?