Zero-Order Controlled Release Kinetics
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Transcript of Zero-Order Controlled Release Kinetics
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Zero-Order Controlled Release Kinetics
Kyle Douglas, James Farber, Steven Flynn, Janie Gu, Vivian Qin, Jenny Shih, Jake Silberg, Anita Wamakima
Through Polymer Matrices
Dr. David Cincotta, Jeremy Tang
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Controlled Release
• Normally 1st or 2nd order
• 0th order rare but essential
• Goal: Use semipermeable membrane to keep rate of release constant
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Background
• Began in late 1940’s & 1950’s• Applications:
–Agriculture–Zoology–Cosmetics–Medicine–Environment
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Background
Uncontrolled ReleaseEffective LevelToxic LevelControlled Release
Time
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Sub
stan
ce
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Membrane: Polymers
• Series of repeating monomers• Diverse properties:
– Intermolecular forces– Molecular shape– Crystallinity
• Use different properties to control releasehttp://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/polymers.htm
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Solubility Parameters
• Predict solubility of different substances
• Hansen solubility parameter• Equation: Ra
2 = 4(δ D1 - δ D2) 2 + (δ P1 - δ P2) 2 + (δ H1 - δ H2) 2
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Hypothesis
• Principle of “like likes like”• Closer solubility parameters faster
diffusion rate
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Polymers Tested
• Polyethylene (C2H4)• Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
(EVA) Copolymer– Vinyl Acetate
(CH3COOCH=CH2)•10%•12%
– Rest is ethylene (C2H4)
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Substances Released
2-Pentanol Ethyl Acetate HexaneMolecular Formula
C5H12O C4H8O2 C6H14
Mass (g/mol) 88.148 88.105 86.18 Properties • Most polar
• BP: 119oC• Somewhat
polar• BP: 77oC
• Least polar• BP: 69oC
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Apparatus
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Schematic of the Apparatus
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Data
0 50 100 150 200 250 30039.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
f(x) = − 0.0131996869084025 x + 45.4659702562982R² = 0.997931754651983
Release of Hexane through EVA 10% Film
Time (min)
Mas
s (g)
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Rates of Evaporation
HexaneEthyl Acetate
2-Pentanol
0.0E+00
2.0E-03
4.0E-03
6.0E-03
8.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.4E-02
PE
EVA 10%
EVA 12%
Substance
Rat
e (g
/s•m
2)
Poly
mer
Mem
bran
e
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Conclusion
• Zero-order release was achieved using the mechanism
• Solubility parameters did not account for numerous other factors
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Future Studies
• Mixtures of molecules (i.e. perfume)• Other properties of polymers
– Size– Explore solubility parameters in-depth
• Non-volatile substances – different apparatus
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. David Cincotta, mentor• Jeremy Tang, assistant• Sig Sigamani of Celanese Corporation
and Stephen Takacs, providing polymers
• Dr. David Miyamoto, director• NJGSS and sponsors, opportunity