Zen in Brazil - Cristina Rocha
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ZEN IN BRAZILThe Quest for Cosmopolitan ModernityCristina Rocha
Widely perceived as an overwhelmingly Catholic nation, Brazil has experienced in recent years a growth in the popularity of Buddhism among the urban, cosmopolitan upper classes. In the 1990s Buddhism in general and Zen in particular were adopted by national elites, the media, and popular culture as a set of humanistic values to counter the rampant violence and crime in Brazilian society. Despite national media attention, the rapidly ex-panding Brazilian market for Buddhist books and events, and general interest in the globalization of Buddhism, the Brazilian case has received little scholarly attention. Cristina Rocha addresses that shortcoming in Zen in Brazil.
Drawing on fi eldwork in Japan and Brazil, she examines Brazilian history, culture, and litera-ture to uncover the mainly Catholic, Spiritist, and Afro-Brazilian religious matrices responsible for this particular indigenization of Buddhism. In her analysis of Japanese immigration and the adoption and creolization of the Sōtōshū school of Zen Bud-dhism in Brazil, she offers the fascinating insight that the latter is part of a process of “cannibaliz-ing” the modern other to become modern oneself. She shows, moreover, that in practicing Zen, the Brazilian intellectual elites from the 1950s onward have been driven by a desire to acquire and accu-mulate cultural capital both locally and overseas. Their consumption of Zen, Rocha contends, has been an expression of their desire to distinguish themselves from popular taste at home while at the same time associating themselves with overseas cultural elites.
Rocha demonstrates that the existence of infl ows and counterfl ows of Zen in Brazil illustrates the rhizomatic nature of the glo-balization process, where Brazil is one of the nodes (albeit less infl uential) in the web of global fl ows of Zen. Indeed, Zen in Bra-zil has never been isolated from trends oc-curring elsewhere. The arrival of Japanese immigrants, the rotation of Sōtōshū mis-sionaries among various temples outside Japan, Brazilian intellectuals traveling to metropolitan centers and translating books on Zen, the media, and more recently the internet have meant that Brazil has received infl ows, but it has also produced counter-fl ows of Zen.
Innovative and cross-disciplinary in its ap-proach, Zen in Brazil will appeal to schol-ars in the fi elds of religion, globalization, migration, Buddhism, and Asian and Latin American studies, as well as to those inter-ested in anthropology and cultural studies.
CRISTINA ROCHA is an Australia Re-search Council Postdoctoral Fellow at the Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney.
TOPICS IN CONTEMPORARY BUDDHISM2006, 272 pages, 24 illustrations, 2 mapsISBN: 0-8248-2976-X / 978-0-8248-2976-6
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