Zebra - TRIAD-ES Joint Presentation

High Resolution Site Characterization

Applying Next Generation Tools to Accelerate Site Closure

William M. DavisTriad Environmental Solutions, Inc.

Brad CarlsonZEBRA

• Overview: Need for High Resolution Site Characterization

• Tools for HR Characterization

High Resolution Hydro-geologicMapping Tools

Real-time Analytical ToolsSemi-quantitativeQuantitative

• Strategies for HR Characterization

• Case Studies

• Summary

High Resolution Site Characterization Applying Next Generation Tools

Why are there so many old NAPL sites and why are NAPL sourcesso hard to find?

• Heterogeneity of subsurface geology and hydrogeology

• The nature of NAPL transport

• Need high density data to design remedy

• Need cost effective NAPL source and plume characterization tools

6283 ft MIP/DSITMS @ 83 locations

6283 ft MIP/DSITMS @ 83 locations

High Resolution Site CharacterizationApplying Next Generation Tools

• Apply HR Characterization methods to map mass and hydrogeology

• Knowing mass and hydraulic conductivity allows assessment of flux

• Use flux-informed decision making to target moving mass Focus remedies to reduce volume of treatment and minimize risk Understand endpoints and duration before investing in remedy Reduce total life cycle costs

Return on investment from using HR Characterization– typically 5 to 10x


SHAREPOINT WEBSITE FOR DATA SHARING

Cross-section from a 2D ECD Fence Slice. Installed MW overlay

ECD Background Slice

Sampling Event DataLithologyOverlay

ECD Graph Overlay

3D ECD Fence Model

Using 3D modeling software, we can generate true 3D Solid Models. This Plan View model was created using ECD data from a recent MIP project . Any orientation can be displayed and cross-sections or fence diagrams can be created.

HRSC Solid Model with Surface Objects

HRSC Model with SubSurface Objects

Electrical Conductivity EC

What is the Membrane Interface Probe?

The Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) is rapid, high-resolution field screening technology that provides information about relative concentrations of VOCs in the subsurface, and the Electrical Conductivity of the soil.

The MIP uses a thin film fluorocarbon polymer membrane approx. 6.35mm in diameter which stays in direct contact with the soil during MIP logging. •The thin film membrane is impregnated into a stainless steel screen which serves as a rigid support for the fluorocarbon polymer. •The down-hole, permeable membrane serves as an interface to a detector at the surface. •Volatiles in the subsurface are getting transferred across the membrane and partition into a stream of carrier gas where they are swept to the detector. The membrane is heated in order to facilitate VOC transfer and self-cleaning.

The MIP System

THE MIP PROBE

EC Dipole

Membrane

Heater Block

FID

PID

ECD

MIP Detection Limits

MIP DETECTORS

Contaminates Detection Limit Carrier Gas

PID BTEX 1 PPM Nitrogen, Helium

FID Methane, Butane NA Nitrogen, Helium

ECD Chlorinateds 250PPB Nitrogen

MIP Log

Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

• Advance probe at constant rate

• Inject water at low flow rate

• Measure formation pressure response

2 cm/sec

Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

HPT LOG

EC HPT Press Flow Corr HPTPressure

Est K Abs HydroPressure

HPT Dissipation – Static Water Level

24.4ft24.5ft

THE MiHPT PROBE

EC Dipole

MIP Membrane

Heater Block HPT Screen

The MiHPT System

CPT & CPT/MIP

CPT Log

Sleeve Friction

Tip Resistance

LithologyDescription

Friction Ratio

Pore Pressure

HPT-GWS A Combined HPT and Groundwater Sampler probe!

DAKOTA - UVOST/LIF

UVOST/LIF

Hydro-Geology– Cone Penetrometer– Direct-Push Technology– Hydraulic Profiling Tool

Analytical– In-Situ Probes

MIPUVOST

– GC/MS EPA Method 8260b– DSITMS EPA Method 8265

Examples of Real-Time Technologies for High Resolution Site Characterization


Discrete sampling combined with ex-situ, on-site analysis

GW and/or soil sampling with on-siteanalysis can produce high density datasets cost effectively.

GW and soil data required to collaborateSemi-quantitative MIP results

Numerous sampling methods includingdirect push and sonic drilling

High through put, real-time analysesusing on-site EPA Methods


On-site Analysis of Vapor, Soil and GW Using US EPA Method 8265

Direct sampling ion trap mass spectrometer (DSITMS)

MIP

Very Rapid Analytical Turn AroundSoil and GW in 2-3 min.Vapor in 3-5 min.QuantitativeHigh level QC

Real-time Direct Sampling Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer(DSITMS) Analysis of VOCs in Soil, GW and Vapor

• Basis for US EPA SW846 Method 8265

• Quantitative VOC analyses

LODs ug/kg, ug/L, ug/m3

• Sample turn around times of 2-3 min. (soil and GW)

• Over 80 client samples per day plus QC

• Can be used as MIP detector

Method 5035 MeOH Extract Method 8265 Analysis


On-site Labs using EPA SW846 Methods

EPA SW 846 Method

Instrument Daily ClientSampleThroughput

Advantages Disadvantages

8021c PT/GC 20 NELAP available, can ID isomers

25 minute run times, subject to overload

8260b PT/GC/MS 20 NELAP available, can ID isomers

25 minute run times, subject to overload

8265 P/DSITMS 80 2-3 minute run times, very rapid recovery from overload

Isomers reported as pair/group


• Multiple lines of evidence (data)GeologicHydrogeologicContaminant

• High density data setsplan view and vertical

• Adaptive, flexible, dynamic….. sampling plan with clear DQOs • On-site, real-time analysis

• On-site, real-time decisions

• Evolving conceptual site model

Strategies for Cost Effective Site Characterization


Approach

Triad approach used with full systematic planning, active involvement ofLA DEQ during planning and execution

Real-time geologic data collected using CPT with pore pressure sensor

Real-time measurement of TCE and daughter products by combined CPT/MIP w/ FID/PID/ECD and DSITMS

Direct push soil and GW sampling with on-site soil and GW analysisby EPA Method 8265

Off-site GW analysis by EPA Method 8260 for LA DEQ decisionquality data

Daily posting of field data to password protected, project specific website

Daily updating of evolving Conceptual Site Model

Case Study

TCE Source and Plume Investigation NASA Michoud Assembly Facility

Case StudyTCE Source and Plume Investigation NASA Michoud Assembly Facility

Proposed transects for 190 Tank Farm and RWI


Stratigraphic cross section RWI

Case Study


DNAPL with stratigraphy in the RWI Area

Case Study



Conclusions

Project objectives were met:

DNAPL source areas were delineated in three dimensions and DNAPL mass was estimated for the three areas of interest:

Building 103: 65,700 kg TCE, 44,900 L (11,800 gal) 190 Tank Farm: 30,900 kg TCE, 21,200 L (5,600 gal) Rinse Water Imp: 41,900 kg TCE, 29,400 L (7,700 gal)

Mapped boundaries of dissolved phase TCE and daughter products exceeding LA DEQ standards were established

Triad approach managed bothsampling and analytical uncertainty

Collaborative data sets createdstrong/defensible final CSM

Data used for evaluating InterimStabilization Measures and Final Remedies

Summary• High density data (geologic, hydro-geologic and contaminant distribution) are required to understand DNAPL sites

• Having a full tool box (hydro-geologic and analytical) allows cost effective implementation of dynamic investigations

• Experienced staff must be involved during field execution, both on-site and off-site


Summary

• Many tools are available to support high density data collection

• Using available tools, complex NAPL sites can be characterized cost effectively

• The costs associated with creating high density, accurate Conceptual Site Models are repaid multiple times over during site remediation


Stratigraphy Contaminant Hydrogeology

CSM viewed as an instrument

TriadInstruments,Inc.

TriadometerModel T2007OperationsManual

Model T2007Operations Man.

Table of Contents

1. DQO process2. Historical info.3. SOPs/QC4. Decision logic5. Data Manag.6. Data Commun.

TriadometerModel T2007

How do you know when enough (data) is enough?

Using the Triadapproach allows thedecision to stoptaking data to be made with confidenceBEFORE youleave the site.


Zebra - TRIAD-ES Joint Presentation

Technology

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