Zebra Chip in North America
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Transcript of Zebra Chip in North America
Zebra Chip in North AmericaZebra Chip in North Americaa new challenge?a new challenge?
Phillip Nolte Phillip Nolte Extension Seed Potato SpecialistExtension Seed Potato Specialist
University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, IDUniversity of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID
UNECE Seed Potato Meeting, May 31, 2012 , Edinburgh, Scotland, UK UNECE Seed Potato Meeting, May 31, 2012 , Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Dr. Neil Gudmestad, NDSU Dr. Neil Gudmestad, NDSU
Dr. Andy Jensen, WPC, OPC, IPCDr. Andy Jensen, WPC, OPC, IPC
Photo and source creditPhoto and source creditZC in North AmericaZC in North America
ZC in North ZC in North AmericaAmerica
“ “Zebra Complex” or Zebra Complex” or “ZC”“ZC”
Not just chips (crisps) Not just chips (crisps) Fries Fries Fresh Fresh Seed?Seed?
Disease Disease DiagnosisDiagnosisDisease Disease
DiagnosisDiagnosis
ZC in North AmericaZC in North America
ZC Symptom variabilityZC Symptom variabilityFoliar symptoms similar to Foliar symptoms similar to purple top purple top wilt syndrome wilt syndrome and include:and include: Leaf curlLeaf curl Leaf chlorosis and scorchingLeaf chlorosis and scorching Limited purpling of top leavesLimited purpling of top leaves Twisted stemsTwisted stems
ZC Symptom variabilityZC Symptom variability Symptoms continued:Symptoms continued:
Swollen nodesSwollen nodes Aerial tubersAerial tubers Vascular discoloration and wiltVascular discoloration and wilt Plant deathPlant death
Recent HistoryRecent HistoryRecent HistoryRecent History
ZC in North AmericaZC in North America
North
Dakota
Texas
OklahomaNew Mexico
Colorado
Arizona
Kansas
Arkansas
WyomingSouth
Dakota
Nebraska
Minnesota
Iowa
Montana
Idaho
UtahNevada
California
Washington
Missouri
Louisiana
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Oregon
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Locations where ZC defect has been Locations where ZC defect has been found in USAfound in USA
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Seed Seed ProductionProduction30,000 A30,000 A
Seed Seed ProductionProduction30,000 A30,000 A
SWSW
21,000 21,000 AA
SWSW
21,000 21,000 AA
SESE
207,000 207,000 AA
SESE
207,000 207,000 AA
SCSC
75,000 75,000 AA
SCSC
75,000 75,000 AA
ZC Timeline for PNW - ZC Timeline for PNW - 20112011 September- Columbia Basin of September- Columbia Basin of
WA/ORWA/OR Idaho: Late September/Early Idaho: Late September/Early
OctoberOctober Norkotah sample from packing shed with Norkotah sample from packing shed with
symptoms. symptoms. Found by ISDA inspector. Found by ISDA inspector. Confirmed ZC.Confirmed ZC.
Leavings in field sampled confirmed ZC. Leavings in field sampled confirmed ZC. (Jerome Co)(Jerome Co)
Additional samples found in research plots Additional samples found in research plots in in Kimberly (Twin Falls county) – 0 to Kimberly (Twin Falls county) – 0 to 1.8%1.8%
Samples from commercial fields (Twin Samples from commercial fields (Twin Falls county)Falls county)
Lots of positives at low Lots of positives at low incidenceincidence Most in Central IDMost in Central ID Much lower in WestMuch lower in West Nothing from East as yetNothing from East as yet Many potatoes still in storageMany potatoes still in storage
Current situationCurrent situationCurrent situationCurrent situationZC in IdahoZC in Idaho
WESTWEST
21,000 21,000 AA
WESTWEST
21,000 21,000 AA
SESE
207,000 207,000 AA
SESE
207,000 207,000 AA
CENTRACENTRALL
75,000 75,000 AA
CENTRACENTRALL
75,000 75,000 AA ??
Tuber Tuber SymptomsSymptoms
Tuber Tuber SymptomsSymptoms
ZC in North AmericaZC in North America
Tuber Symptoms Tuber Symptoms
G. Secor
Net Necrosis (PLRV) ZC
Defect of Chips / CrispsDefect of Chips / Crisps Disease causes browning of Disease causes browning of chips chips processed from affected processed from affected potatoespotatoes ZC leads to load and field ZC leads to load and field
rejectionsrejections Initially called “Texas defect” and Initially called “Texas defect” and
then “Zebra Chip” due to then “Zebra Chip” due to alternating light and dark streaks alternating light and dark streaks in finished productin finished product
Discoloration ranges from mild to Discoloration ranges from mild to severesevere
Causal AgentCausal AgentCausal AgentCausal Agent
ZC in North AmericaZC in North America
““Candidatus Liberibacter Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumsolanacearum” ” (bacterium)(bacterium)Not culturableNot culturableSpread by potato psyllidSpread by potato psyllid
Causal AgentCausal Agent
Psyllid VectorPsyllid VectorPsyllid VectorPsyllid Vector
ZC in North AmericaZC in North America
The Vector: Tomato-Potato PsyllidThe Vector: Tomato-Potato Psyllid
Psyllid behavior and Psyllid behavior and capabilities?capabilities? Stored potatoes?Stored potatoes? Curiosity or long term Curiosity or long term scourge?scourge? SeedSeed ??????
Much is unknown Much is unknown Much is unknown Much is unknown ZC in IdahoZC in Idaho
ZC has not been reported in any ZC has not been reported in any seed seed production area of production area of Canada or USACanada or USA
Disease appears to be independent Disease appears to be independent of seed of seed sourcesource
ZCZC frequently kills eyes, or frequently kills eyes, or produces very produces very weak plantweak plant
Studies underway to determine Studies underway to determine importance importance of seed borne of seed borne inoculuminoculum
ato-tomato psyllid native to USA ato-tomato psyllid native to USA westwest
Host range – prefers Solanaceae: Host range – prefers Solanaceae: potato, tomato, pepper, potato, tomato, pepper, nightshades, but can also develop nightshades, but can also develop on many other plantson many other plants
Occurs annually in WA, OR, and IDOccurs annually in WA, OR, and ID May migrate? but may overwinter May migrate? but may overwinter
here?here? Can be very difficult to detect in Can be very difficult to detect in
the fieldthe field
Importance of infected Importance of infected seed?seed?