Z519: Information Analytics

IntroductionEvaluation of Information System

A set of hardware, software, data, procedural, and human components that work together to generate, collect, store, retrieve, process, analyze, and/or distribute information.– William S. Davis (1994). Business systems analysis and design. Wadsworth: Belmont, CA

An integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communicating information – Britannica

A system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization’s manual and automated processes. -- Wikipedia

What is an Information System?

IS - our daily life Business firms Organizations Schools Individuals

We rely on IS: Manage operations (process financial accounts) Compete in the marketplace (automate information

processing) Supply services (governmental services to citizens) Augment personal lives (study, shop, bank and invest)

Why IS?

The first large-scale mechanized information system – Herman Hollerith’s census tabulator (to process the 1890 US Census)

History

History

Left to right: The circuit-closing press ("card reader"); diagram of press; hand insertion of card into a sorter compartment that opened automatically based on the values punched into the card; tallying the day's results. "Each completed circuit caused an electromagnet to advance a counting dial by one number. The tabulator's 40 dials allowed the answers to several questions to be counted simultaneously. At the end of the day, the total on each dial was recorded by hand and the dial set back to zero

UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) one of the first computers used for

information processing Used to process US Census in 1951

History

Personal Computers (PC) Available to small business and

individuals in 1970s Around 1Billion PC has been sold since

mid-1970s

History

http://blog.mylookout.com/mobile-phone-evolution/

Evolution of Cell Phones

The World Wide Web ("WWW" or simply the "Web") is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents that runs over the Internet. With a Web browser, a user views Web pages that may contain text, images, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. - wikipedia

The Web was created around 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.

As its inventor, Berners-Lee conceived the Web to be the Semantic Web where all its contents should be descriptively marked-up.

History

Hypertext/hyperlink: Resource Identifiers

unique identifiers used to locate a particular resource (computer file, document or other resource) on the network

URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)/URL (Uniform Resource Locator): http or ftp

http://somehost/absolute/URI/with/absolute/path/to/resource.txt

ftp://somehost/resource.txt Markup language:

characters or codes embedded in text which indicate structure, semantic meaning, or advice on presentation

WWW: Basic Ideas

Click icon to add picture

WWW – Web 1.0

The current (syntactic / structural) Web

Was the Web meant to be more?

The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/

2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

“Web 2.0 … has … come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of architecture and application development for the World Wide Web.”

The Web where “ordinary” users can meet, collaborate, and share using social software applications on the Web (tagged content, social bookmarking, AJAX, etc.)

Popular examples include: Bebo, del.icio.us, digg, Flickr, Google Maps, Skype,

Technorati, orkut, 43 Things, Wikipedia…

Social Web – Web 2.0

http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html

1. The Web as platform2. Harnessing collective intelligence3. Data is the next “Intel Inside”4. End of the software release cycle5. Lightweight programming models6. Software above the level of a single device7. Rich user experiences

Features / principles of Web 2.0

Tim Berners-Lee has a vision of a Semantic Web which has machine-understandable semantics

of information, and millions of small specialized reasoning

services that provide support in automated task achievement based on the accessible information

Semantic Web – Web 3.0

“An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”

Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p

“…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…” with far-reaching consequences

“The next generation of the Web”

What is the Semantic Web?

Metadata and Semantics

Semantic Web - Language tower

Searching - Providing better communication between human and computers by adding machine-processable semantics to data.

Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data and service integration

What is Semantic Web for?

Linked Open Data

S519

From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0

Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0

Personal Websites Blogs Semantic Blogs: semiBlog, Haystack, Semblog, Structured Blogging

Content Management Systems, Britannica Online

Wikis, Wikipedia Semantic Wikis: Semantic MediaWiki, SemperWiki, Platypus, dbpedia, Rhizome

Altavista, Google Google Personalised, DumbFind, Hakia

Semantic Search: SWSE, Swoogle, Intellidimension

CiteSeer, Project Gutenberg

Google Scholar, Book Search

Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromeDL, BRICKS, Longwell

Message Boards Community Portals Semantic Forums and Community Portals: SIOC, OpenLink DataSpaces

Buddy Lists, Address Books

Online Social Networks

Semantic Social Networks: FOAF, PeopleAggregator

… … Semantic Social Information Spaces: Nepomuk, Gnowsis

Data Scientists Data Analytics Citizen Data Scientists

Is data science for computer or data science for human?

http://www.kdnuggets.com/

Big Data