youtube/watch?v=ekytTpFy96o
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Transcript of youtube/watch?v=ekytTpFy96o
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekytTpFy96o
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U.S. History►Wednesday, Nov. 7
You will need a full sheet of paper to start notes for the Unit► Increasing Influences and
Challenges►You will be using them for Daily
Learning Target Assessments and then handing them in, so writing information down is important.
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Imperialism►What do you think this
means? Write down a definition.
►Definition: The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
►Based on this definition, is the United States an imperialistic country in 2012? Explain.
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The Big Picture►U.S. foreign relations
took a new turn at the end of the 19th century. Global competition for empire led the U.S. into war with Spain and intervention in Latin America. The U.S. forged a new role as an emerging world power.
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Focus►What inspired imperialist
activity?►How did the U.S. gain lands?►What caused the Spanish-
American War?►How did actions within
America push us into war?►How did the U.S. treat
conquered or acquired lands?
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I can. . . Evaluate, take, and defend
positions on the various U.S. foreign policies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Analyze the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War
Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S. imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the ensuing debate over imperialism
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What led to the U.S. quest?
►Economic InterestsIndustrial Revolution
Close of the Frontier
►Military NeedsAlfred Thayer Mahan
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What led to the U.S. quest?
►Example of European NationsThe scramble for territory
►IdeologyAmerican Nationalism Josiah Strong’s Our Country
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First Acquisitions►Alaska
Purchased from Russia (1867)►Sec. of State William Seward
Reduce foreign possessions in NA
Vast natural resources Statehood (1959) Importance
►Resources: timber, fur, fish, coal, oil, gold
►Polar air routes►Close to Russia (air bases)
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First Acquisitions►Hawaii
Acquired (Taken!)►Supply and fueling station►Drew missionaries►American investors
Statehood (1959) Importance►Sugar and pineapples►Pearl Harbor
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How it happened►Wealthy white planters gained
influence and power within Hawaiian society due to prosperous sugar sales to the U.S.
►A group plots against the king and forces him to sign a new constitution in 1887 – the Bayonet Const. (Pearl Harbor ours)
►1890 – when the economy went south they try to restore control (U.S. ousts Liliuokalani in 1893; annexed in 1898)
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The Spanish-American War
An American Empire in the
Making
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Simmering Unrest in Cuba
►Cuba was a Spanish possession
►Since 1868 they had launched a series of revolts
►Spain was weakening►Jose Marti
Exiled in NY, he forms the Cuban Revolutionary Party (1892) and leads a revolt in 1895
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The Butcher► Spain
responds with Valeriano Weyler Camps
set up for civilians►Some
200,000 die
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Why U.S. interest?►Geographic proximity – 90
miles away►Economic interests - $100
mil. in trade; $50 mil. invested
►Humanitarian concerns – deaths of especially women and children due to hunger and disease
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The Media’s Role►American’s were already
sympathetic American tradition of
Revolution Plus it gets a European nation
out►But the “information” they
received concerning Weyler fed it
►Two competing media moguls are key William Randolph Hearst – NY
Journal Joseph Pulitzer – NY World
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Yellow Journalism► Scandalous
stories and large shocking illustrations
► Sensationalized news stories
► They sent reporters, but relied on Cuban sources
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The de Lome Letter► President
McKinley was openly criticized by Spain’s Minister to the U.S.
► Cuban spy acquires it
► Published in the NY Journal
► In February
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The Explosion of the Maine
► The U.S.S. Maine had been sent to Havana Harbor on a visit (protection; show of force)
► Feb. 15, 1898 – the Maine mysteriously explodes: 260 killed
► Yellow journalists go into high gear
► But no declaration of war until April 25th
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War in the Philippines►The first action took place
here because that is where the Spanish fleet was
►Adm. George Dewey sent here by Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt
►Dewey held his fire (nearest resupply was 7,000 miles away)
►We had new steel-hulled and iron ships
►Took only hours
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War in Cuba► Teller
Amendment – we will not take you over
► U.S. military not prepared: Wool
uniforms Bad beef Hodge-
podge of soldiers
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War in Cuba► Rough
Riders – led by Teddy Roosevelt
► Buffalo soldiers
► Cavalry unit – not really; horses left in America or drowned
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Consequences of the War
►Treaty of Paris Spain gives up claims to Cuba Puerto Rico and Guam ceded
to U.S. Philippines to the U.S. for $20
million► It was a “Splendid Little War”►But cost $250 million and 2,000
lives (most from yellow fever)
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Arguments for Annexing the Philippines
► Duty to spread values and culture Christianize the Filipinos
► Economic and strategic importance Trade routes to China and the
rest of the Asian markets Get it before it falls to a
European power
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Opponent’s Views► It’s a violation of our own
Declaration of Independence (the idea of self government)
► African Americans didn’t want to export oppression
► It would open the door to new immigrants
► It would undercut the American worker
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American Rule► Annexation in
1899► Rebellion led by
Emilio Aguinaldo He had already
set up a new government and proclaimed himself president
He was prepared to fight
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American Rule► The Insurrection
3 years by U.S. accounts; until 1913 by the Filipinos
4,000 U.S. deaths 200,000+ Filipino deaths (about
20,000 military; the rest “as a result of the war and disease”) Some estimates as high as 1 mil.
They call it the Philippine-American War
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American Rule ►Charges of brutality and
torture on both sides►Many famous Americans were
outspoken against this conflict American Anti-Imperialist
League formed William Jennings Bryan,
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie
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