Youth and aggression slide

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YOUTH AND AGGRESSION

Transcript of Youth and aggression slide

YOUTH AND AGGRESSION

WHAT IS AGGRESSION?

Aggression can be defined as any behaviour intended to hurt others.

While most of the people would assume that aggression is always anti social, there are both anti social and prosocial forms of aggression.

Aggression refers to behaviour between members that can be physical or verbal. People can avoid such treatment or can fight back.

It is not a motive (e.g. revenge), not a negative attitude (e.g. ethnic or social prejudice), or not an emotion (e.g. anger).

TYPES OF AGGRESSION

Hostile Aggression: defined as aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury.

Instrumental Aggression: aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain.

Proactive Aggression: aggression is initiated against a target without immediate provocation.

Reactive Aggression: it is a type of defensive, reactive, or impulsive aggression in sense that the actor is responding to a threat.

Physical or verbal aggression Rational aggression such as bullying or social manipulation. Direct or indirect aggression.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Freud (1930) assumed that we have an instinct to aggress. From his theory

of the death instinct (thanatos), he argued that aggression may be turned inward self destructively or direct outward, toward others. Although Freud recognised that aggression can be controlled, he maintained that it could never be eliminated, because aggression is natural to human being.

Socio-biologists argued that many aspects of social behaviour, including aggression, can be understood in terms of evolution (Buss, 1996; Buss and Kenrick, 1998).

Biology plays only a modest role in human aggression (Green, 1998).

Physical aggression is influenced by the male sex hormone testosterone (Dabbs, 1998) and it can also be influenced by other biochemical factors like neurotransmitter serotonin.

There appears to be a genetic component in human aggression (Miles and Carey, 1997) and in criminality (DiLala and Gottesman, 1991) because certain type of aggressive, antisocial behaviour clearly run in families (Carey, 1997).

THEORIES

PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY (innate

theories) – by Sigmund Freud

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY – by Lorenz

HUMANISTIC THEORIES (drive theories) –

by Abraham Maslow

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY – by Albert

Bandura

RESEARCH EVIDENCES• Katherine J. Karriker – Jaffe, Vangie A. Foshee,

Susan T. Ennet, Chirayath Suchindran; 2008; “The Development of Aggression During Adolescence: Sex Differences in Trajectories of Physical and Social Aggression Among Youth in Rural Areas”; Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Volume 36 :

Boys consistently perpetrated more physical aggression than girls, but the trajectories were parallel. There were no sex differences in the perpetration of social aggression.

Research Evidences

• Nancy Rappaport, Christopher Thomas; 2004; “Recent Research Findings on Aggressive and Violent behavior in Youth: Implications for clinical assessment and intervention”; Journal of Adolescent Health:

This article reviews empirical evidence on risk factors, the impact of peers, developmental pathways, physiological markers, sub-typing of aggression, and differences in patterns of risk behaviors.

Research Evidences

• Taylor, S. P., & Sears, J. D. (1988). “The Effects of Alcohol And Persuasive Social Pressure on Human Physical Aggression”. Aggressive Behaviour:Alcohol also makes people more responsible to social pressure to aggress.

• Sleek, S. (1998). “Isolation increases with Internet use”. APA Monitor: A teen’s odd of committing murder are greatly increased if he comes from a criminally violent family.

CURRENT TRENDS

“Youth NGOs with UNESCO”- a youth organization page on facebook.

The Third International Forum of NGOs in Official Partnership with UNESCO, on the theme “ The Role of Youth in the Safeguarding of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage” which took place in Bulgaria from 28th to 30th Sept.’14.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Aggression in youth is mainly based on

these following factors:

a. Genetic bases

b. Peer pressure

c. Media

d. Sociological background

e. Family influence

CONCLUSION

Youth and Aggression is one of the most important and burning topic in the present world and effective measures must be taken to minimize the meaningless, nonsense and anti-social aggression amongst the YOUTH.

KEY LEARNING• Aggression are not always anti-social

• Aggressive behaviours can both be verbal and non-verbal

• It has both biological basis and social influence

• Media and aggressive video games effect the aggressive behaviour of an individual to a great extent

• Effective measures should be taken to minimize the aggressive behaviours among youth for a better peaceful society.

REFERENCES Shelley E. Taylor, Letitia Anne Peplau, David O. Sears (2006); “Social

Psychology”; Pearson Schwartz, S. H., & Struch, N. (1989). “Intergroup Aggression: Its predictors

and distinctness from in-group bias”. Journal of Personality and Social Sciences, 56, 364-373

Taylor, S. P., & Sears, J. D. (1988). “The Effects of Alcohol and Persuasive Social Pressure on Human Physical Aggression”. Aggressive Behaviour.

Katherine J. Karriker – Jaffe, Vangie A. Foshee, Susan T. Ennet, Chirayath Suchindran; 2008; “The Development of Aggression During Adolescence: Sex Differences in Trajectories of Physical and Social Aggression Among Youth in Rural Areas”; Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Volume 36

Miles, D. R., & Carey, G. (1997). “Genetic and Environmental Architecture on Human Aggression”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 207-217

Daabs, J. M. (1998). “Testosterone and The Concept of Dominance”. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 370-371

Buss, D. M., & Kernick, D. T. (1998). “Evolutionary Social Psychology”. In D. T. Gilbert , S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), “Handbook of Social Psychology” (4th ed., Vol. 2). Boston: McGraw-Hill