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7TW4,^-15' p-

Ministry of Natural

Hon - James ^- c. AuldMinister. , ^ DDr. J. K. ReynoldsDeputy Minister

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PRELIMINARY MAP P. 2366GEOLOGICAL SERIES

Quaternary Geology of the

COBDEN AREA

1 Mile

40'

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SOUTHERN ONTARIO^ * Ib t] ^\^ 'i /; if^K N * ^ '^, h i e^^J^feJiste^

NTSRefe-ence 31 F/10 COM GSC Aeromagnetic Map; 222G

parts of this publication may-t e qjo'ed i 1 ored t is given aid the material s properly referenced

"^V VTr^-CV -' tf r-fr^T^

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY

LEGEND

PHANEROZOIC

CENOZOIC

QUATERNARY

RECENT

X ^V'Y \ fc(l '^-- Ko*/ 'X - i^ _^ i ^

Landslide debris: highly contorted clay, silt, sand

Bog and swamp deposits: muck, peat, mar!.

PLEISTOCENE

Wisconsinan

'*r*\,'.! ^

x) ̂ ' :^t4^^^^^

PALEOZOIC

ORDOVICIAN

^5S*X H

Modern alluvium: unsubdivided clay, silt, sand, gravel, muck

ou

MARGINAL NOTES

INTRODUCTIONDuring tne summer of' 977, geological mapping of the Ontario oorfion of the Cobden (NTS 31 F/10) map-area was completed by P.J. Barnett and W.S. Clarke assisted by John Hemonen and M.A. Bells. Mapping techni ques included the extensive use of air photographs combined with seven weeks tr fielc cnecking Soil probes, hand augers, test p i Is and the examination of natural and man-made exposures were the lie d tech niques employed

Results of this mapping are summarized below and will bo included in a geological report which will cover five adjacent map-areas (^or: Coj onge, Renfrew, Brudenell, Golden La^e, and Pemoroke 1:50 000 VIS map sheets) in the Ottawa and Borncchcrc valcys. The Rrt Coulongc and Renfrew preliminary maps are a.so availaole (Barnett 1980; Barnett and Clarke 1980). Helpfjl discussions with Dr NR Gaddot the Geologi cal Survey of Canada on the deposits and features in the above map- areas are gratefully acknowledged.

BEDROCK GEOLOGYThe Coboer area is located within the Ottawa-Bornechere Graben and is for the most pa" underlain by Lats Precambr an metasec'iments anc intrusive rocks (la. l b) {-umbers 1980). Several outliers cf Ordovician limestone and dolostone were also observed cunng field mapping (map unit 2) In most instances solution widening of joints, in these limestones and to a lesser degree in the carbonate metasediment s has occurred.

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY

Glacial DepositsGlac al deposits m the Cobden area are probably of Wisconsinan Age

Older alluvium in terrace remnants: sand, gravelly sand

Glaciolacustrinfi and lacustrine beach, bar, or near shore deposits: gravel, gravelly sandI "la Glaciolacustrine*II b Lacustrine*

Glaciolacustrine and lacustrine shallow-water deposits:sand, silt

10a Glaciolacustrine*10b Lacustrine*10c Either a or b, modified by wind"*

Glaciolacustrine and lacustrine deeper water deposits: massive to laminated or varved, silt, clay 9a Glaciolacustrine* 9b Lacustrine*

Marine beach, bar, or near share deposits: gravel, gravelly sand, minor clay; fossilfcrous

Marine shallow water deposits: sand, silt7a Greater than l m thick'7b Usually greater than 1 m thick with occasional

scattered outcrops 7c Modified by wind

Marine deeper water deposits: silt, clay 6a Clay, silty clay, clayey silt 6b Silt dominant

Glaciofluvial outwash and deltaic deposits: gravel, gravelly sand, sand"*"

5a Greater than 1 m thick5b Usually greater than 1 m thick with occasional

bedrock outcrops*

Glaciofiuvlal ice-contact stratified deposits: gravel, gravelly sand, sand, silt, minor clay and till; occurs in moraines, eskers, kames and ice-marginal deltas"'"

Till: sandy to silty; stony3a Greater than 1 m thick but may contain an occasion

al bedrock outcrop3b Usually greater than 1 m thick, with scattered bed

rock outcrops

UNCONFORMITY

Bedrock; limestone, minor dolostone, shale, sand stone; minor drift cover

UNCONFORMITY

Bedrock: unsubdivided marble, clastic metaseciiments, nepheline and alkaline syenites, granites, anorthosites, diabase, gabbro1a Abundant bedrock exposure with thin drift cover1b Extensive but discontinuous drift cover, in places

sufficiently thick to subdue the bedrock topography.

Suspected outwash sediments beneath a greater than 1 m cover of marine shallow water sands

Suspected ice contact sediments beneath a greater than 1 m cover of marine shallow water sands

The fill resting c:irec;lly on Ihe bedrock may be a correlative with either the Geniilly Till (Gadd 197') or the Acam Till (Skinner 1973). In either case the till represents the deposits of a mass of glacial ice over the Ottawa Valley for at least 60,000 years cr more, prior to the invasion of tne area by the waters of the Champlain SeaFor moat part, the sediments of the area were deposited cunng the northwestward retreat of the glacial ice up the Ottawa Valey as the waters of the Champlain Sea lapped against the face of the ice. rt

TILL

The till (unit 3a, 3P) deposited within the map-area is loose to dense and ranges from a stony, gritty, sandy sil! lo a sand till. It tends to be finer grained and more compacted when overlying Paleozoic carbonate be drock When lhin and overlying Precambrian bedrock (1 b. 1a), the till is aloose stony sand

The till occurs as ground moraine, drumlinized ground moraine and as east-west trending end moraines, n the map-area. At least eight stand stills of ice are indicated by moraines and ice-marginal deltas Two lay ers of till were observed m the 'Mink Lake' moraine. B *rr\ northwest ot Douglas on Highway No. GO These layers probab y represent minor gla cier fluctuations during retreat and formation o; the moraine ralher than a major readvance to this posit on

Glaciofluvial DepositsGlaciofluvial ice-contact deposits (unit 4) are founc mainly as ice-mar ginal deltas, but are aiso found in the form ot eskers, kame terraces and in some cases, end moraine segments The ice-contacl deposils were formed while the ice mass was ^n contact with the Champlain Sea. Most of these deposits have been extensively reworked and in some areas the origin and shape of thn original features are difficult to determine. In other cases however, such as the ice-rnarg nal delta 2.5 km north of Os- ceola a well ^reserved ice-cortac: delta can be observed.

The gravel, gravelly sane and sand, occurring in the ice-marginal celtas of the area, a-e usual y more uniform and better sorted than the ice-con-

Lacl material found n the eskers, moraines and kame lerraces. A large ice-marg^nal delta occurs south of Beachburg

Outwash sediments of gravel, gravelly sand and sand (unit 5) occur pre dominantly in a large kettled valley train deposit in the Champlain Trail lakes area and along valleys in the highland areas above the Champlain Sea limit [550 feet asl. 168 m) Where the valley train outwash entered the Champlain Sea a large delta was formed near ColcJmgham Lake.

Glaciomarine DepositsWaters of the Champlain Sea covered most of the map-area except a few highlanc areas above 1G8 m (550 feet) asl, wh.ch we^e most proba bly islands Elsewhere marine beach, nearshore (unit 8), snallow water (unit 7) and deeper water sediments (unit G) are the dominant surficial materials.

The deeper water deposits a-e predominantly blocky, colou r-banded to massive consisting of clayey silt to clay, in the Cobden Area these sedi ments are generally finer grained than those found in the For! Coulonge area to the north. Well laminated clays, silts, and sands were observed both above and below marine clays along Broomes Creek in the zorester Falls area,

The shallow wate' deposits are very fine to coarse-grained sards occur ring as aprons around most positive relief features and as bottomset or distai facies of the ice-marginal deltas These sediments grade laterallyinto the coarser grained nearshore and bench seciments as well as :he delta foresets and topsets.

Numerous fragments of abandoned shoreline features a'e oresert in :he Cobden area. Marine shoreline Matures exist between 137 rn (450 feet)ard as nigh as 168 m (550 feet) asl They arc- dominantly gravel or grav elly sand and can contain oelecypods commonly Macoma ba/thica.

Shoret:ne features oelow 137 m (450 feet) were orobably formed in brackish or fresh waler, and a small delta of 122 m (400 feet) asl. con tains some large fresh water shells.

Post Glacial DepositsOlder a luvial sands anc gravelly sands occur m terrace remnants aiong the Bcnnecnere and Ottawa Rivers. Small bogs and swamps are nurner ous in areas of thin drift, covering Precamonan oed'ock (la lo) and in kettle holes associated with ice-contact and oulwasn sediments Large bogs, such as Ihe Snake River Marsh. Upper Osceola Marsh and the Mirk Creek marsh are formed n broad snailow depressions on Ihe c'av plain.Landslioe debris (unit 14) is a mixture of clay, silt and sand that origi nated as marine sediments. These marine sediments failed and have been redeocsited at the base of the slope. The landslide debris is some times highly contorted, massive, or made up of tilted blocks which form a ribbed surfaceModern alluvium occurs along several small creeks of the area and along :he Bonnechere and Ottawa Rivers. It is quite variable in texture, being dependent on Ihe material, the river or creek s eroding.

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

Sand and GravelSand and gravel pils, within the map-area are active on demand only Gravel can be found in neach deposits, delta top sets and foresets', and in Ihe outwash plain in the Champlain Tra l l akes area Sand can be ob tained in the more distal delta racies, kame lerraces and the marine near shore and shallow water sands.

Sand and gravel deoosits are probably mo re than sufficient for loca 1 needs. Possible alternat ve supplies could be obtained by the crushing ot bedrock (units 2,1) or the wash ngof the tih. '

ClayMarine clay is being used n the production of tile at Arnprior (Guillet 1967) and has oeen excavated for both brick and 'ile production at Cob den, Doug'asand Forester Pals in the oast (Keele 1924.) Ceramic prop

erties of two samples of c ay from tne Forester's Falls area are presented by Guillet ('977) and from several sites by Keele (1924).

ENGINEERING GEOLOGYSeveral small landslioc scars arc present a'ong the 3onrechere River Muskrat Lake, and along the Ottawa River. No "recent" slide scars were observed in the map area.

Solution widening of joints and fhe possible presence ot caverns in areas underlain by limestone bedrock could nose p'oblems to' construction and hazards to livestock and farm equipment.

Modern dune activity and the loss of topsoil can result from the improper management of land in areas of ice contact and marine shallow water sands

REFERENCESBarnett, P.J.1980: Quaternary Geology of the Fort Coulonge Area, Renfrew

County; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P. 2367, Scale 1: 50000.

Barnett, P.J. and Clarke, W.S.1980: Quaternary Geology of the Renfrew Area, Renfrew County;

Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P. 2365, Scale 1: GO 000.

Gadd, N.R.1971: Pleistocene Geology of the Central St. Lawrence Lowlands with

selected passages from an unpublished manuscript. The St. Law rence Lowland by J.W. Goldthwait;Geological Survey of Can ada, Memoir 350, 153p.

Guillet, G.R.1967: The Clay Products industry of Ontario; Ontario Department of

Mines, Industrial Mineral Report 22, 206p.1977: Clay and Shale Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey,

Mineral Deposits Circular MDC15, 117p.

Keele, J.1924: Preliminary Report on the Clay and Shale Deposits of Ontario,

Geological Survey of Canada, Dept. of Mines, Ottawa, Memoir142, 176p.

Lumbers, S.B. 1980: Geology fo the Pembroke Area (East Half), Southern Ontario;

Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P. 2356. Skinner, R.G. 1973: Quaternary Stratigraphy, Moose River Basin, Ontario;Geological

Survey of Canada, Bulletin 225, 77p.

SYMBOLS

'Not present in this map area

fj2t Drumlins

Hummocky topograpny

"^ Trend of moraine crest

Ice-contact slope

Ketllehole ]

Esker direction of flow known or inferred

Abandoned beacn ridge or nearshore ba r

Area ot dunes

Small bedrock outcrop

Solution weatner ng feature

Quaternary fossil loca'ity

Landside scar

Geological boundary aoproxirnate

Geological bouncary grac'ational

Sand and gravel pit

Quarry

A , Areaoioculder lag or concentration on surface

End or recessional moraine

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Geology by 3 J. Barnett, W.S. Clarke 1977Base map: Map 31 F/10 of the National Topographic SeriesAerial Photographs: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto andNational Air Photo Library, Ottawa,Additional Information: unpubl shed map, Dr P B. Fransham, GeologicalSurvey cr Canada,Every possible effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the informationpresented un (his map; nowever. the Ontario Ministry ot Natural Resources doesnot assume any liability for errors that may occur. Users may wish to verify critica!information: sources include ho!n the reference?- listed here, and information onirle at the Resident or Regional Geologist's office and the Mining Recorder's officeneatest the map area.

This map is published wnh the permission of L G Pye Director, Ontario Geologi cal Suivey.

ssuec '980

nformation from ths publication may be quoted if credit is given It is recorrmended that reference to this map be made in the following form: Barnett, P J and C arke. W S1980: Quaternary Geology of the Cobden Area Renfrew County: Ontario Geolog nal Survey Preliminary Map P 2366, Geolog cal Series, scale: 1:50 000 Geology 1977.

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