Your Persuasive Speech You have to write one, so make it a good one.
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Transcript of Your Persuasive Speech You have to write one, so make it a good one.
Purposes of Introductions
In the first 10% of your speech, you must:
Get the Audience’s Attention Introduce the Subject Give the Audience a Reason to Listen Establish Your Credibility Preview Your Main Points
Methods for Developing Introductions
1. Use Illustrations or Anecdotes2. Provide Startling Facts or Statistics 3. Use Quotations4. Use Humor5. Ask Questions6. Refer to Historical Events7. Use Personal References
Purposes of Conclusions
1. Summarize the Speech2. Reemphasize the Central Idea in a
Memorable Way3. Motivate the Audience to Respond
Persuasive: encourage audience to think a certain way or take action
4. Provide Closure
Methods for Developing Conclusions
Can use the same techniques used for the introduction (illustrations, quotations, etc.)
Very Important: Refer to the Introduction!
Issue an Inspirational Appeal or Challenge Appropriate for persuasive speeches
Writing the Speech Select Organizational Pattern Select Main Points Subdivide Main Points into Subpoints
Developing Your Speech Topic Selection General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose
Behavioral objective—the specific behavior you expect from your audience
i “At the end of my speech, the audience will be able
to…” Explain, list, describe, write (not understand, believe,
know, feel, etc.)
Central Idea (a.k.a. Thesis) One-sentence summary of speech
Focuses on the content of the speech Should communicate a single idea
Look for logical divisions (main points) Look for multiple reasons why central idea is true or
false Look for a series of steps that supports the central
idea (chronological progression)
ExampleTopic: Boycotting Bluth’s Original Frozen Banana Stand
General Purpose: To persuade
Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to list the reasons why they should boycott Bluth’s Original Frozen Banana Stand
Central Idea: Bluth’s Original Frozen Banana Stand poses a hazard for the residents of Orange County and should be boycotted
Develop Signposts Transitions
Verbal—In addition to; Not only/as well; In other words; Therefore; In summary
Nonverbal—A change in facial expression, a pause, an altered vocal pitch or rate; can be used with or without a verbal transition
Signposts, cont. Previews
Initial Previews—Preview statements of what the main points will be
Internal Previews—These introduce and outline ideas or points that will be developed as the speech progresses Can be used as a transition
Signposts, cont Summaries
Final Summary—Serves as a transition between body and conclusion, and summarizes the main points of speech
Internal Summary—Occur within speech; can act as a transition. Are often used with internal previews.
Supporting Material Smoothly Incorporate Sources
State the point Cite the source Present the supporting material Explain how is substantiates the point
Chronological Good for step-by-step process or
historical eventsBegin with a specific point in time,
move ahead or back from thereThe principle of recency—the event
discussed last is the one that the audience will remember best
SpatialOrganizes according to space or
physical relationship Arranges ideas according to their
location and direction Can progress up or down, east or west,
forward or backward Ideas must be developed in logical
order
Categorical Arrange by distinct topics Addresses
types forms qualities aspects
Can organize in a variety of ways Recency—highlights one point more than the others Primacy—puts the most important or convincing
point first Complexity—moves from simple to complex
Climactic Simple to difficult, least to most,
neutral to intenseEffective for gaining audience
agreement or actionCan also reverse the pattern, from
most to least
Cause & Effect Moves from cause to effect, or effect
to cause Good to explain how an event unfolded Chronology does not equal cause Guard against over-simplification Must be able to demonstrate that one
event actually caused something else to occur
Problem-Solution Typically used in persuasive speaking Speaker usually proposes a best solution
Reflective Thinking Sequence Causes & extent of problem? Effects of problem? Criteria by which solutions should be judged? Possible solutions (strengths & weaknesses) Best solution? Put into effect how? Definition & limits of problems
Motivated Sequence1. Attention—get listeners’ attention
2. Need—establish problem or issue and convince audience of the need for change; demonstrate that this need affects audience directly
3. Satisfaction—identify how your plan will satisfy the need and explain solution
4. Visualization—use positive visualization to explain how great life will be after your solution is implemented, or use negative visualization to show how terrible life will be if it is not
5. Action—tell audience the specific action(s) they must take to implement solution
Visual Aid: PowerPoint Be careful when using sensitive images
(9/11, natural disasters, etc.) Do not use images that are too small or
distorted Be sure to label charts and graphs Only use relevant images and/or visual
representations of data Avoid the use of sound effects and
animations
TypefaceSerif = includes small flourishes
or strokes at the tops and bottoms of each letter.
Examples:
Times New Roman, Courier New, Garamond, Book Antiqua.
TypefaceSan Serif = more block like and
linear do not have the small flourishes or strokes.
Examples:
(Arial Narrow, Verdana, Century Gothic).
Font The size of the typeface.
12 pt.
24 pt
36 pt
48 pt For PowerPoint presentation you want to
use a font of 24 or larger.
Backgrounds Keep the background color
constant
If you use color, limit the number of colors you use to two or three (4 max)