Young APCDA Keynote for posting It Is...1 Action –What It Is and Why It Matters in Career...
Transcript of Young APCDA Keynote for posting It Is...1 Action –What It Is and Why It Matters in Career...
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Action– WhatItIsandWhyItMattersinCareerCounselling
RichardA.Young
Action- Whatitis...
Action refers to intentional goal-directed (but not necessarily rational) behavior.
It reflects how people understand their own and others’ behavior.
• DOING è ACTING è ACTION èACTION THEORY
Whyitismattersincareercounselling
• Career is composed of actions.
• Counselling is an action.
• Developments in psychology
• Integrates theory and practice
• We construct career by acting
ContextualActionTheory:TemporalStructure.
Actio
nSystem
s.
Long-termCAREER
e.g.,Workasasalawyerformanyyears
Mid-termPROJECT
e.g.,Completingandegreeinlaw
Short-termJOINTACTION
e.g.,Joiningafriendtostudyforanexam
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Levelsofaction
Goals,meaning
Functionalsteps
Consciousandunconsciousbehavior,resources,regulationprocesses
Thispresentation
• Careercounsellingpractice
• Action- Awayofunderstandingcareerandcounselling
• Careerresearch
Career Counselling Practice
Counsellor’s fivetasks
• Creatingandmaintainingtheworkingalliance• Identifyingprojectsandaction• Addressingproblematicactionsandprojects• Dealingwithemotionandemotionalmemory• Connectingwithdailylife
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TheCaseofDamia
• 23-year-oldfemalestudentfromMalaysia• ataCanadianuniversity• acceleratedEnglish-as-a-second-languageprogram• planstotransfertoanundergraduateprograminbusiness• askingherselfabouthersuitabilityforacareerinbusinessbecauseshesawherselfgettingangryandirritatedwithothersveryoften.
Thecounsellor,Ms.C
• aCanadianwomanofEuropeanheritage.• auniversitycounsellorfor12years.• ahumanistic,relationship-orientedapproach,• hasworkedcloselywithcontextualactiontheoryasthebasisforcounselling.
Importantfeatures
• Understanding counselling and guidance practice as goal-directed, intentional action
• Client’s life as composed of intentional actions, joint projects, and careers.
FirstCounsellingTask• anchoredintheculturalrulesandconventionsofpoliteness,goodmanners,empathyandrelatedactions.
• alliancedeepenswhenthecounsellorengagesinongoing,goal-directedcareers,projects,andactions-- co-constructedtosupportthegoal-directed,facilitator-drivenprocessoftheclient.
Creatingandmaintainingtheworkingalliance
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FirstcounsellingtaskintheCaseofDamia
• DescribingDamia’s experience
• YourcounsellingbeganbyMs.Cwelcomingyou
• feelcomfortable
• tellheraboutyourself,
• describingyourself
• listeningclosely,encouragingyou
• yourunderlyingconcernwastheangeryouwereexperiencing
• subsequentanxiety
• “Ican’tseemtodoanythingwithoutgettingmad.I’mafraidit’s
affectingmyschooling,andthekindofoccupationIwouldliketo
getinthefuture.”
• Thecounsellor’sperception
• tellthestoryofherlife
• askmorequestionsth
• culturaldifferences
• constructstories
• madeconnections
• presentedherselfasanagent
• whatwasworkingforherinthepresent.
Counsellor’ssecondtask• Providingaspaceforanextensiveclientnarrative
• Helpingtheclientframeitintermsofactionsandprojects
Identifyingprojectsandaction
Standardwaysofinterveningincareercounselling
• Personality • Skills
http://www.trans4mind.com/personality/EPQ.html&docid=iEsq-wqGx1xuaM&imgurl http://www.csc-ca.org/&docid=Yz_k-owMbrBkeM&imgurl
NarrativeConstruction
� Retrospective � Prospective
Picturecredit:http://www.hrexaminer.com/magazine/weekly/hrexaminer-v1-44
Picturecredit:http://blogs.ubc.ca/khagge/2011/10/10/the-impact-of-future-expectations-on-stock-markets/
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SecondcounsellingtaskintheCaseofDamia
• DescribingDamia’s experience
• identifiedtheimportantactionsandprojectsinyourlife
• identityproject
• anticipateanidentitycareer
• destructiveactionsthatareinterferingwiththese
projectsandcareers.
• “ThisangerI’mfeelingisgoingtodestroythegoodthings
thatarehappeninginmylife.”
• youcouldn’tunderstandwhyyougetsoangry
• Thecounsellor’sperception
• Ithoughtthatitwasveryhelpfulthatshe
couldseethesepatternsinherlife.She
resonatedwiththeideathatthesewere
herprojectsandcareers.
Counsellor’sthirdtask • Helpingresolveatthelevelanddomainthattheactionandprojectarechallenging
Addressingproblematicprojectsandactions
ThirdcounsellingtaskintheCaseofDamia
• DescribingDamia’s experience
• specificproject
• nottobesoangrywithothers
• beingangryseemednormal
• “Ican’tseemtodoanythingaboutthesefeelings.
Myfuturewillberuined,Iamdisappointedin
myself.”
• standingintheway
• Thecounsellor’sperception
• ItwasalmostlikeDamia hadtoomuchenergyforher
projects,thatthatenergywasrepresentativeofsome
unconsciousprocessthatmayhavebeoperatinginher.Her
projectandcareergoalsmadesensetoherbuttherewasa
disconnectbetweenthemandherangerandanxiety.Iwas
struckbywhatshesaidtheinsecondsession:“Allofthegood
thingsIaccomplishseemedtobewastedbecauseofmy
angertowardothers.”
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Counsellor’sfourthtask
Dealingwithemotionandemotionalmemory
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Meaningful goal-directed Actions
Motivated participation in projects generated by actor and/or others
Life-enhancing career
At the level of meaning, goals (steering processes)
- 1 Shared action goals
- 2 Relevant to projects and career
- 3 Joint, goal-directed projects
- 4 Cooperative - 5 Emotionally
sensitive - 6 Relevant to career
and identity
- 7 Long-term meaning of life - 8 Socially integrated - 9 Emotionally
satisfying
At the level of control processes
n 10 Serving identity and goal processes
n 11 Emotional and cognitive components
n 12 Mid-term challenging
n 13 Successful steps n 14 Positive feedback
in cooperative undertakings
n 15 Emotionally functional
n 16 Long-term challenging n 17 Allowing predictability and novelty n 18 Attendance to emotional issues
At the level of action elements ( unconscious
and conscious behavior, structural support,
resources) and regulation processes
n 19 Energy n 20 Cognitive and
emotional regulation
n 21 Skills n 22 Habits
n 23 Adequate structural support
n 24 Predictable and manageable time order
n 25 Adequate emotional resources
n 26 Long-term adequate time and sequence
n 27 Structural properties
n 28 Resources n 29 Functional
emotional regulation
Emotionisexpressedbehaviorally Emotionininternalprocesses
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Emotionatthelevelofmeaning(motivation)
Picturecredit:http://www.sju.edu/blogs/china/wp-
content/uploads/2008/06/momchild.jpg
FourthcounsellingtaskintheCaseofDamia
• DescribingDamia’s experience
• clear toyouthatemotionsandemotionalreactions
werecentral
• identifyingothermorepositiveemotions
• connectionbetweenyourtroublingemotionsand
theactions
• toearlymemories
• retellyourstoryinwhichyourangerandanxiety
becamemoreunderstandable
• Thecounsellor’sperception
• Clearlyemotionswereanimportantpartof
counselling
• Didnotexpressverymuchanger
• showeduncertaintyandattimesanxiety
• identifiedpositiveemotions
Counsellor’sfifthtask •Whatistheconnectionbetweenwhatisaddressedincounsellingandtheclient’sdailylife?
• Constructingnarratives
• Invitingtheclienttomakesenseorprovideastructure
Connectingwithdailylife
FifthcounsellingtaskintheCaseofDamia
• DescribingDamia’s experience
• stronglink
• betweentheangerandanxiety
• andlongertermsplans
• abletoactpositivelytoreachgoalsthatyou
have.
• Thecounsellor’sperception
• Didmuchmoreinourcounselling
• howemotionswork
• identifyemotionsastheydevelopincertainactions
• tobeawareofthem
• toregulatethem
• addresssomeoftheresidualfeelings
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With regard to practice � 1. We consider counselling as joint
action.
� 2. We encourage joint action with others in counselling.
� 3. We help clients identify actual, present projects (based on goals, internal processes, and behaviour).
More practice
• 4. We incorporate narrative as a way of understanding.
• 5. We encourage journal writing.
• 6. We use regular follow-up by phone.
• 7. We review changes with a view to stabilizing them toward present/emerging projects.
• 8. Other …
Contextual Action Theory
Contextualactiontheory
• aconceptualapproachtogoal-directedbehaviourdevelopedinvocationalpsychology,counselling,mentalhealth,andhumandevelopment.
DOING è ACTING è ACTION èACTION THEORY
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Contextual Action Theory
Action Project Career
Goals/meaning
Functionalsteps
Consciousandunconsciousbehavior,resources,skills,habits
Identifying actions and projects
• “Becausemythoughtswereathomeonhowtokeepthefamilypeace,Ididnotconcentrateatschool,whichmadememissbeingpromoted.…Attheapprenticeship,mysuperiorexpectedthebestresultsfrommewhichIfailedtodeliver.Hetoldmehewasdisappointedandsincethentreatedmeasanyotherworker.”
Valach,L.&Young,R.A.(2013).ThecasestudyoftherapywithaSwisswoman.InS.Poyrazli &C.E.Thompson(Eds.),Internationalcasestudiesinmentalhealth. ThousandOaks,CA:Sage.
Example
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Career Research Counseling for the transition to adulthood as
joint, goal-directed action
Young, R. A., Marshall, S. K., Foulkes, K., Haber, C., Lee, C. S. M., Penner, C., & Rostram, H.
2011, volume 79, pp. 325-333. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.02.005
FindingsThreeprojectswereidentifiedinthesesessions:relationship,identity,educational-vocational.
Identity
Relationship
Education-vocation
RelationshipProjectsCounsellor-client Clientinoutsidelife
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Educational-vocationalProjectEducationalandvocationalconcernswereoftenthepresentingproblem:
“Maybescienceisjustnotmything,butIdon’twanttochangemymajor.”
“I’mlost,Ican’tgetmyfeetfirmlyplantedontheground.”
Integrationofprojects
Educational-vocational “I’mlost,Ican’t
getmyfeetfirmlyplantedontheground.”“Ireallydon’tknowwheretofromhere[myinterestandtraininginphotography].”
Relatio
nal Referstosimilar
feelingsaboutboyfriend Id
entity “I’mreallynot
surewhatI’mallaboutalotofthetime/Iwanttofiguremyselfoutalittlemore.”
Integrationofprojects
“Ithoughtaboutjustthefutureandjobandeverything.”
“Iwantedto- Idon’tknow- rewritemypersonality”
Client:“Whatdoyouexpectmetosay?”Counsellor:“I’mnotexpectinganything.I’mjustlikeyou,I’mjust
waiting.”
Clientreflectingonviewinghercounsellingsession• “IwasthinkingthatIshouldstoptalkingaboutworkonceagainandstartfocusingonmemore,becauseIthoughtthat,youknow,thesessionswouldbemoreusefulformeifItalkedaboutmemore,butespeciallyatthatmomentIwas,Istartedtalkingaboutworkandspecificclients…Iwasthinking,‘Yeah,Ishouldstoptalkingaboutworkandstarttalkingaboutmemore.’”
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AdolescentCareerDevelopmentinUrban-ResidingAboriginalFamiliesinCanada
SheilaK.Marshall,RichardA.Young,AlisonStevens,WayneSpence,StewartDeyell,AdamEasterbrook,andMartinBrokenleg
December2011,Volume59,Number6
Cultureasfluidanddynamic
Situatingcareerwithin
culture
Opentoparticipantsexperiencesandactions
Naïveobservations
inlocalcommunities
Projectsovertime
Feedbackfrom
participants
Young,R.A.,Marshall,S.K.,&Valach,L.(2007).Makingcareertheoriesmoreculturallysensitive:Implicationsforcounseling.CareerDevelopmentQuarterly,56,4-18.
Jointprojects–Aboriginalyouthandfamilies
Navigatingtowardasafe
future
Negotiatingschool
continuance
Intergenerationalcontinuity
throughtraditionofcare
Familysurvival
Keytaskforcounsellors…
• How to best identify, intervene in and support the joint projects thatclients are engaged in that complements the ecological validity ofthese projects.