You Probably Stepped on an Ant Today
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You Probably Stepped on an Ant Today
• Finding the ants• Predicting diversity• Climate change and ant
diversity• Urban ants• Ants and the public
Clinton Jenkins, Andrea Lucky, Nathan Sanders, Michael Weiser, Matthew Fitzpatrick, Robert Dunn, Benoit Guénard, Sarah Diamond, Beth Gardner…
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Ant Diversity in Light of Climate Change
Generalized Linear Model
Climate: temperature, precipitation, aridityGeography: biogeographic regionInteractions: region * climate
Jenkins et al. (2011) Diversity and Distributions
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Gaps in our Knowledge
Temperature
Prec
ipita
tion
Lots of ant data
Lots of ant data
Not so many dataNo-analogue climates & new biomes
No-analogueclimates
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Findings• Ant diversity generally increases with
temperature
• At the highest temperatures diversity is also the most variable, ranging from 1 to 145 species
• Future climates will be more like these hot places, which are also where we know the least
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New directionsIndividual species modelingUrbanization and phenologyMissing ant diversitySchool of Ants
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Spider Ants(Leptomyrmex spp.)
Name is appropriateSE Asia / AustraliaWingless queens = limited
dispersalMaxent models + others(?)Climate works wellOther remotely sensed variablesID environmental variables
separating species
L. darlingtoni
Localities
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Spider Ants
Covariates
L. fragilis
Dataset Instrument / Source
Climate WorldClimAridity derivedPotential Evapotranspiration
derived
NDVI MODISGross primary productivity
MODIS
Net primary productivity MODISQuikSCAT QuikSCATPercent tree cover (VCF) MODIS
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Suitability for L. erythrocephalusMaxEnt
ClimateClimate +
remote sensing
Maxlike
Climate Climate + remote sensing
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Summary of spider antsSpecies distribution models workClimate explains most of itRemotely sensed variables help resolve finer
scale
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SE Climate Science Center / Global Change ForumUrban Warming & Phenology Working Group
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Working group questionsHow are phenologies of organisms altered by
living in urban environments?Can we apply these findings to understand
responses of organisms to climate warming?Identify available datasets to address this
question (VIP Explorer)
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Cities as windows into climate changeUrban heat islands: “a metropolitan area which
is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas”
Mimic future warming
Comparisons with adjacent rural areas provide useful controls
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Phenological metricsDate of first appearanceDate of last appearanceDuration of activity periodPeak activity period
Change in phenology over time (longitudinal)Current phenology (space for time)
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Phenology of UK butterflies (1976-2008)
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Flight phenology of UK butterflies:Date of first appearance
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How does phenology vary as a function of urbanization?
Urbanization metricHeat island model% impermeable surfaceClimate stationsOthers?
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Generic diversity of ants
http://www.antmacroecology.org/ant_genera/index.html
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Mapping approaches to mapping diversity
Range maps
Model species diversity
Kreft & Jetz 2007. PNAS
Global Amphibian Assessment
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Missing diversity
Predicted by both models
Predicted by the expert modelPredicted by the environmental model
Model of generic diversity based on better sampled regions
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Tiny myrmecologists on YouTube.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMg55LTJ6gQ
>10,000 requests to participate
500 sampling kits returned
1,000s of ants to identify.
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Stuff we’d love from NASAUpdate WorldClimGlobal, multi-temporal dataset of NDVI,
EVI, etc.Global impervious surfaceTime series of surface water