You need your review sheet out on your desk.. Texas History Spring semester examination review.

You need your review sheet out

on your desk.

Texas History

Spring semester examination review

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876


• secede • To withdraw from something, such as a nation


• Abraham Lincoln • The president of the United States during the Civil War


• Eli Whitney • Invented the cotton gin in 1793


• abolitionist • A person who wanted to end slavery


• slavery • The idea that one person can own another person


• States’ rights • The idea that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government


• blockade • The closing of a port by positioning ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out


• reconstruction • The federal government’s plan to restore the South to the Union after the Civil War


• sharecropper • A farm worker who works someone else’s land and pays for its use by giving the landowner a share of the crops grown


• amendment • Formal change to a document


• Freedmen’s Bureau • Protected newly freed slaves from violence and black codes

• Provided food, healthcare, jobs, and schools


• Black Codes • Severely limited the rights of African Americans


• What is significant about the Constitution of 1876?

• It is still the constitution Texas uses today.

• It limited the power of the governor


• What did the cotton gin do? How did the cotton gin increase the number of slaves in the south?

• Made it easier to separate the seeds from the bolls

• Made cotton farming more profitable allowing plantation owners to plant more cotton creating a “need” for more slaves


• What was the economy of Texas like during Reconstruction?

• It was growing


• What was the Kansas Nebraska Act?

• Gave people of Kansas and Nebraska the right to decide if their states would allow slavery (went against the Missouri Compromise of 1820)


• What were the 4 causes of the Civil War?

• sectionalism• States’ rights• slavery• Tariffs (taxes)


• What were some of the disadvantages the south had during the war and what were some of the advantages of the North during the war?

• South ~ fewer soldiers ~ fewer

weapons ~ b“locked” in

• North ~ more soldiers ~ trained

soldiers ~ more supplies

~ manufacturing


• What happened to Abraham Lincoln in 1865?

• John Wilkes Booth assassinated (killed) him.


• What did Texas have to do to rejoin the Union after the war?

• Set up temporary governments

• End slavery• Declare secession illegal• Adult white males had

to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.


• How were African Americans’ rights limited and protected during Reconstruction?

• Black Codes limited• Freedmen’s Bureau

helped to protect

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888


• treaty • A formal agreement between two nations


• quarantine • To isolate or separate to prevent the spread of disease


• vaqueros • Spanish cowboys


• Joseph Glidden • Invented barbed wire


• Buffalo Soldiers • African American soldiers who helped fight against the Native Americans


• Why did ranchers brand cattle?

• To show ownership


• What ended cattle drives?

• Railroad• Fencing• Goat ranching• Other states refused to

allow Texas cattle in


• How did the Civil War change the cattle industry in Texas?

• Union soldiers went home asking for beef


• What were two methods that the U.S. government used to force Native Americans onto the reservations?

• promise to feed and supply the Indians on the reservations

• Killing the buffalo


• Why did the defense along the frontier weaken during the Civil War?

• Soldiers went to fight during the war

Chapter 14:Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s


• irrigation • An artificial way to supply water to land


• Commercial agriculture • The growing of crops for sale in order to make a profit


• Cottonseed oil • Oil from cottonseeds


• Tenant farmer • Person who rents a plot of land from its owner and pays for its use with a share of the crop


• Open range • Vast area of undeveloped public land held by the state government for future sale


• Cycle of debt • Overproduction led to low prices

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• What was the Big Die Up? What affect did it have on ranching?

• Thousands of cattle died at the fence line trying to escape harsh weather

• Marked beginning of modern ranching


• How did the railroads affect farming and ranching in Texas?

• Faster to ship out of state

• Easier to reach markets in the east

• Easier to move into west Texas


• What factors made it hard for tenant farmers?

• Overproduction• Low prices• Cycle of debt• Couldn’t pay loans


• What is the main cash crop in Texas?

• What is the 2nd highest cash crop in Texas?


• Explain the fence cutting wars.

• What did the Texas legislation do to end the Fence Cutting Wars?

• Fences cut off public roads and water supplies

• smaller farmers and ranchers became angry and cut through the fences to access these roads and water supplies

• Now a felony to cut a person’s fence

You need your review sheet out on your desk.. Texas History Spring semester examination review.

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