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Slide 2 You Gotta Have Heart The Circulatory System Slide 3 Engage Walt Disneys Hemo the Magnificent Walt Disneys Hemo the Magnificent Scene 3 The Heart Scene 4 Lubb-Dubb Slide 4 Explore How does exercise affect heart rate? How does exercise affect heart rate? Circulatory System Relay Circulatory System Relay Color Your Heart Color Your Heart Slide 5 Hemo the Magnificent Scene 6 The Capillaries Slide 6 Circulatory System Consists of Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Blood Blood Heart Heart Slide 7 Circulatory System BLOOD VESSELS Slide 8 Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary Circulation Carries blood to lungs and back Systemic Circulation Systemic Circulation Carries blood to body and back Slide 9 Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung Slide 10 Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation 3 types of vessels 3 types of vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins Slide 11 Artery vs. Vein Slide 12 Arteries: carries blood way from heart Arteries: carries blood Away from heart Large Thick-walled, Muscular Elastic Oxygenated blood Exception Pulmonary Artery Carried under great pressure Steady pulsating Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue Slide 13 Slide 14 Capillaries Smallest vessel Microscopic Walls one cell thick Nutrients and gases diffuse here Slide 15 Veins: Veins: Carries blood to heart Carries blood that contains waste and CO 2 Exception pulmonary vein Blood not under much pressure Valves to prevent much gravity pull Venules: larger than capillaries Slide 16 Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins Slide 17 Circulatory System BLOOD Slide 18 What is Blood? Blood Simulation Blood Simulation Slide 19 The Blood Body contains 4-6 L Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Consists of Water Red Blood Cells Plasma White blood cells and platelets Slide 20 Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged Slide 21 Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged Slide 22 Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged Slide 23 Parts of the Blood Slide 24 Your Blood: Fluid Transport a Tissue a Tissue 50% water 50% water 4% dissolved substances 4% dissolved substances Liquid Portion Carries Blood cells Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells) Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells) Platelets (non cellular particles) Proteins Enzymes Hormones Endocrine System Nutrients - Digestive System Gases - Respiratory System Inorganic salts Slide 25 Oxygen in the Blood Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses) Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses) Slide 26 Carbon Dioxide in the Blood Hemoglobin carries CO 2 also Hemoglobin carries CO 2 also CO 2 is a waste product of cellular work CO 2 is a waste product of cellular work 70% of CO 2 combines with water 70% of CO 2 combines with water The rest travels to the lungs The rest travels to the lungs Slide 27 What does blood contain? 50% Water 50% Water 45% Erythrocytes 45% Erythrocytes 4% Plasma with Substances 4% Plasma with Substances 1% Leukocytes + Platelets 1% Leukocytes + Platelets Slide 28 Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of Transporters of Oxygen Carbon Dioxide RBC RBC Lack a nucleus Contain hemoglobin Disk-shaped RBC are produced in red bone marrow of RBC are produced in red bone marrow of ribs, humerus, femur, sternum, and other long bones Lives for 120 days Lives for 120 days Old RBC are destroyed in liver and spleen Old RBC are destroyed in liver and spleen Slide 29 Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection WBC fight infection Attack foreign substances Less abundant Less abundant Large cells Large cells Some live for months Some live for months Most just a few days Several types Several types ALL contain nuclei ALL contain nuclei Slide 30 Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments Cell fragments Produced in bone marrow Produced in bone marrow Short life span (1 week) Short life span (1 week) Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) Form a web trapping blood cells Slide 31 Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured. Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood.. Slide 32 Circulatory System HEART Slide 33 Slide 34 Your Heart: The Vital Pump At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute. During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute. Slide 35 Heart: Structure and Function Keeps blood moving Keeps blood moving Large organ composed of Large organ composed of cardiac muscle, rich in mitochondria Enclosed by a sac PERICARDIUM Slide 36 The Structures of the Heart Right Ventricle Right Atrium Left Atrium Inferior Vena Cava Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle Pulmonary Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium Superior Vena Cava Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Aorta Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Pulmonary Arteries Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Aortic Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Mitral Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Left Ventricle Septum Slide 37 Structure of Heart (cont) Four chambers Four chambers Two upper (Atria) Walls thinner Less muscular Two lower (Ventricles) Walls thicker More muscular Do more work Slide 38 Slide 39 Blood Flow Through the Heart COPY 1997 HeartPoint COPY 1997 HeartPoint Slide 40 Bloods Path Through the Heart Both Atria fill at same time Both Atria fill at same time Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cava Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle Slide 41 Both ventricles contract Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, against gravity, through pulmonary arteries Slide 42 Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood out of heart through aorta (largest vessel) Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont) Slide 43 Hemo the Magnificent Scene 7 Gatekeepers Slide 44 Control of the Heart (Nervous System) Medulla oblongata regulates rate Medulla oblongata regulates rate Sensory cells stretch when too fast Sensory cells stretch when too fast Pressure drops when beat is too low Pressure drops when beat is too low Slide 45 Heartbeat Regulation Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse) Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse) Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right atrium Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right atrium Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract Triggers 2 nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract Triggers 2 nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract EkG record of electrical changes in the heart EkG record of electrical changes in the heart Slide 46 Sinoatrial (SA) node Atrioventricular (AV) node Conducting fibers Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles The Sinoatrial Node Slide 47 Slide 48 Blood Pressure Blood against the blood vessels walls Blood against the blood vessels walls The systolic pressure refers to the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump the blood. The diastolic pressure refers to the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill with blood. A normal blood pressure is 120/80 A normal blood pressure is 120/80 Slide 49 DISORDERS ATHEROSCLEROSIS ATHEROSCLEROSIS Fatty deposits called plaque Builds up in walls of arteries Obstructs flow Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow elsewhere Slide 50 Disorders (cont) Hypertension Hypertension High blood pressure Hearts works harder than necessary Increases risk of heart attack or stroke Slide 51 Disorders (cont) Heart Attack Heart Attack Atherosclerosis in coronary artery Heart muscle begins to die Symptoms Nausea Shortness of breath Severe chest pain IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY Slide 52 Disorders (cont) Stroke Stroke Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to brain Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen Or blood vessel burst Can lead to paralysis, loss of ability to speak death Slide 53 Current PREVENTION Recommendations Regular exercise Regular exercise Weight control Weight control Well balanced diet Well balanced diet Do not smoke Do not smoke Diet low in saturated fat Diet low in saturated fat Slide 54 Elaboration Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump? Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump? Slide 55 Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four Types Four Types AAAA BBBB AB OOOO Inherited from your parents Inherited from your parents Slide 56 Blood Types Slide 57 What happens when you mix blood types? Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING Type O is the universal donor Type O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal acceptor Type AB is the universal acceptor Slide 58 What Makes Our Blood Type? Slide 59 Blood Type of Donor A B AB O Blood Type of Recipient A B AB O Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion Blood Transfusions Slide 60 Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited Rh + (have antigen) Rh - (NO antigen) Can cause complications in pregnancies Can cause complications in pregnancies mother Rh - 1 st baby Rh + : blood mixes with mother; mothers body makes anti-Rh + antibodies 2 nd Rh + body attacks baby Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation