YOGA - Environmental Planning and Waste Management - Report

8/12/2019 YOGA - Environmental Planning and Waste Management - Report

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Waste Treatment System

(Case Location: Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)

ALFONSUS Sri Agseyoga (Student)

Yutaka DOTE (Professor)“Environmental Planning and Waste Management - report ”

1. OVERVIEW OF WASTE PROBLEM

As a result of the increasing levels ofconsumption by community and other

activities are also has effect on increasing

waste / effluent generation. Waste / effluentgenerated from the activity and privateconsumption, better known as the domesticwaste has become an environmental problem

that must be handled by the government and

the society itself. The domestic waste, bothliquid waste and solid waste into the

environment due to problems in quantity andlevel of danger interfere with human health, pollute the environment, and disrupt the lives

of other living creatures. Especially forgarbage or household solid waste, an increase

in the amount of waste generated in Indonesia

is expected to increase 250% by year 2029(predicted).

Palangkaraya is one of developmentcity in Indonesia. As the capital city of Central

Kalimantan, it has 2,400 km2 covered area and

has approximately 302,402 people in 2012 based on statistical data. The volume of waste generated from any activity inPalangkaraya City based on the results of the analysis conducted. Assumptions estimate the magnitude of waste

generation is 2 liters / person / day for domestic waste, while for non-domestic activities (commercial) by 15% ofdomestic waste. On the basis of the assumption that the estimated volume of waste generation in Palangkaraya City is in2009, volume of waste amounted to 548.61 m

3 which consisting of : 1) Domestic Waste 451.54 m

3, and 2) Non-domestic

Waste 96.01 m3. For the landfill site it planned far away from city center which shown on Fig. 1, and it planned by the

local government.

2. EXISTING WASTE FACILITIES

AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Currently the waste facility located in

Palangkaraya City still far from enough tohandle waste production. The conditions of

service of existing waste facility is almost fully

utilized to serve the production of waste in thecity center itself. Table 1 shows information

about waste facility in Palangkaraya City.

3. EXISTING WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM AND SOME OBSTACLES

Some obstacles in waste management system in Palangkaraya City not only seen on human behavior, but also itsfacility and infrastructure. Those obstacles can be detailed as follows:

1) People around river, commonly throw away the trash into the river,2) In a crowded place, temporary landfill is small and lack of capacity,

3) Some vehicles for transporting the waste are lack of quality, for a fact there is a leak while moving the trash,

4) Lack of quantity of waste truck make high maintenance cost, effect will shorten the life of the vehicle,Waste generation commonly occur in urban areas. Table 2 shows the system applied is the same as in urban waste

management systems in general, which includes, namely : 1) garbage placing, 2) collecting, 3) removal, 4) hauling, and5) street sweeping.

Landfill

Cit Center

Fig. 1 Palangkaraya City and landfill location

Source : Government of Palangkaraya, 2009

Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009

No. Types Amount Capacity

1 Dump truck 10 180 m3/day

2 Arm roll truck 4 120 m /day

3 Wheelie bin 20 25 m3/day

4 Temporary landfills 177 597 m3/day

5 landfill 1 10 Ha

Table 1 Waste facilities in Palangkaraya City by 2006



Table 2. System applied for waste management

To determine the level of waste management

issues in Palangkaraya can be done by using gapanalysis, which is a method that compares therequirements and available management can be

planned so that the provision of waste managementcapacity of the next 5 years.

Fig. 2 shows the gap analysis under visible gapwaste generation and treatment capacity are available

each year needs to be large enough so that the waste

management plan development program next fiveyears. Gap analysis below assumes growth in line

with the needs of trash projected population growth(0.90%). Initial waste generation 2.5 liters / person /

day increasing numbers each year. While the capacity

of the existing waste management assumed only ableto serve only 60% in 2009 and expected to increase its

capacity to 80% by 2013.

4. NEW PLAN FOR IMPROVING WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM (GOVERNMENT VIEWPOINT )

Methods Explanation

Garbage Placement placement is generally performed by residents, except on paths and surrounding protocol. In

general, residents put trash containers at places that do not interfere with the aesthetics of the

environment.

Collecting shopping centers, pathways-protocols and few settlements are individual systems or door to

door

Removal removal step is done by means of various size of temporary landfills, which are generallyfound in a residential area.

Hauling urban waste transportation system is done by using the means of transport, such as wheelie bins, timber trucks, dump trucks, and others.

Street sweeping street sweeping operations carried out on road lanes protocol.


Household Waste

ManagementCollection Regional Scale Waste

Management

Transporting

Final Landfill

Direct Collection(Door to Door)

Fig. 3 Scheme of new paradigm of waste treatment (government viewpoint)Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009

Fig. 2 Gap analysis of waste management in Palangkaraya City

Source : Government of Palangkaraya City

m 3 / d a y

Year

Capacity of Treatment

Waste Generation



Fig. 3 shows the flow / scheme of new paradigm for waste treatment system by government viewpoint. to manage

the garbage first thing to be noted is the policy of the government which is made with a comprehensive approach that can

be used as an umbrella for the development of policies at the central and local levels. The absence of government policies should make it difficult for waste management. Strategic policy set by the new government at this stage is to

perform the technical aspects of waste reduction by applying the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R), with the hope in 2025achieved "zero waste".

Final disposal place (landfill) recommended by the experts by using the sanitary landfill, system can be equipped

with a means of composting and utilization of waste into recycled raw materials. Residual waste that cannot be recycledor composted then burned and stored in a sanitary landfill pond. This process can be called Integrated Waste Treatment

Plant (IWTP), or also known as Instalasi Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (IPST), which flow process is shown onAttachment 1.

5. CHARACTERISTIC OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN JAPAN

Japan is an advanced country which has a leading nation in scientific research, particularly technology, machinery

and biomedical research. In waste management, Japan has solid waste management and recycling technology for

sustainable society (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). Many kinds of technology that Japan has refer to wastemanagement system, such as : 1) collection and transport, 2) municipal waste incineration technology, 3) medical waste

disposal technology, 4) PET bottle recycling technology, 5) home appliance recycling technology, 6) biomass utilization

technology, 7) waste landfill technology. Japan has adequate waste facilities and infrastructures, with good relation andcooperation between government and resident. And also Japan has already stipulated the law to bare the whole of waste

management/treatment system/plan.In Tokyo, they use semi-aerobic landfills which had developed in joint study by Fukuoka University and Fukuoka

City. Some features of this landfill system are as follows:

1) Better leachate quality than anaerobic landfill2) Low emission of greenhouse gases

3) Landfill stabilizes faster than anaerobic type4) Less underground water pollution from leachate

5) Cheaper to operate and manage

6. CONCLUSION

Respectively from the explanation before, so there are some conclusions refer to waste treatment/management

system for Palangkaraya City, namely:

1) Palangkaraya City as development city, and also Indonesia should learn from other advanced country, especiallyJapan for the waste management system.

2) Palangkaraya City should make a better relation and cooperation between government and the resident to realize the

sustainable society and environment through handling the waste problem and realize the zero waste.

3) The private sector (or third party) can play role to help this city (Palangkaraya City) for increasing the quantity andquality of waste facilities and infrastructures.

REFERENCES

Government of Palangkaraya City. 2009. Medium Term Development Program. Palangkaraya.

Ministry of the Environment. 2012. Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan - Toward a

Sustainable Society. Japan



Attachment 1. Flow of waste management/treatment plan by government viewpoint


Source of Waste

Self-Management

Separation Process

Sorting Process

Organic Waste Inorganic Waste

Feasible for

Compost

Not Feasible for

Compost Not Feasible for

Recycle

Feasible for

Recycle

ResidueSanitary

Landfill

Ash Mixed

SelectionIncinerator

YOGA - Environmental Planning and Waste Management - Report

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