Yellow Stem Borer

8/12/2019 Yellow Stem Borer

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Yellow stemborer(Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]( ig! "#)

"$! White stemborer (Scirpophaga innotata (Walker)) [Lepidoptera:Pyralidae] ( ig! "$)

%&! Pink stemborer (Sesamia in'erens (Walker)) [Lepidoptera: octuidae]( ig! %&)

%"! Striped stemborer ( hilo suppressalis (Walker)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]( ig! %")

%%! *old+'ringed stemborer ( hilo auricilius ,udgeon) [Lepidoptera:Pyralidae] ( ig! %%)

%-! ,ark+headed stemborer ( hilo polychrysus (.eyrick)) [Lepidoptera:Pyralidae] ( ig! %-)

18 - yellow stemborer

yellow withblack spotin the middle o'

each'orewing('emale)

19 - white stem borer white without black spot

on each'orewing

20 - pink stem borerpale yellow to dark

brown markings/ whiteband near wing tips0

thick hair tu't near head

21 - striped stemborer

straw color to lightbrown with black

spots at tip o''orewings

22 - dark-headedstem borer

light yellow with darkmarkings near the center

o' 'ront wings

23 - gold-fringedstem borer

similar to dark+headed

1ggs o' stemborers are laid mostly on the lea' blades e2cept 'or pink

which is hidden on the inner side o' the lea'sheath!


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yellow and whitestem borer eggsco3ered with paleorange+brownhairs/o3al shape4&+%&& eggs

striped, gold-fringedand dark-headedstem borer eggsunco3ered/ scale+like%&+"4& eggswhitish when youngandturn purplish near

hatching

pink stem borer eggsbead+like-&+"&& eggs in rowswhite when young

Lar3ae o' the stem borers can be di''erentiated by their color andappearance as shown below:

yellow stem borerlarvahead + yellow brownand smaller than thebodybody + pale yellow

white stem borerlarvahead + same asyellowbody 5 white

pink stem borer larvahead + orange redbody + purplish+pinkdorsally/ white 3entrally

dark-headed & gold-fringedstem borer larvahead + black capsule

striped stem borer larvahead + yellowish brownbody + with 4 brown stripes


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body + same as striped (- dorsal/ % lateral)

Lar3ae bore into and 'eed within the rice stem that results to typicaldamage called 6deadheart7 at the 3egetati3e stage and 6whitehead7 atthe reproducti3e stage!

deadheart whitehead

0.08%ethyl parathion and 0.03% diazinon.http://crri.nic.in/Research/Divisions/Entomology.htmUgni molinae - Chilean guava -This attractive small leafed plant is an excellentcontainer plant, cutting grown.http://members.cox.net/ onv!/poirier.html

Root feeders : soil+inhabiting insects (partly or totally) that 'eed on undergroundparts!8oot pests are 'a3ored by well+drained and un'looded rice soils!

inds of root feeders

%9! riental mole cricket ( Gryllotalpa orientalis ;urmeister) [ rthoptera:*ryllotalpidae]


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%9a %9b

%4! White grubs [ Leucopholis irrorata ( he3rolat) [ oleoptera: Scarabaeidae]


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our species transmit 3irus and mycoplasma+like diseases o' rice suchas tungro/ yellow dwar'/ waika/ transitory yellowing/ gall dwar'/ anddwar'!

Lea'hoppers can be distinguished by the shape o' the head and thepresence or absence o' black lines or bands between the eyes! orinstance/ the temperate species/ ! cincticeps (@hler) ( ig! "%a) has

bluntly rounded head and without central black spots on the 'orewings!=he tropical


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=he adult brown planthopper is light to dark brown! =he male isdistinctly smaller than the 'emale! =he adult planthoppers occur in boththe short+ and long+ winged 'orms ( ig! "9a)!

=he eggs/ characteriBed by broad 'lat egg caps/ are laid in batches inthe lea' sheath or midrib o' the lea3es! =here are 'i3e nymphal instars!

ewly emerged nymphs are white/ but later turn brown! 8emo3al o' plant sap and blockage o' 3ascular bundles by 'eeding

sheaths cause the plant to wilt and die! =his condition is re'erred to ashopperburn ( ig!"9b)!

;rown planthopper transmits grassy stunt and ragged stunt!

"9a "9b

"4! White+backed planthopper ( Sogatella furcifera (?or3ath) [?emiptera:,elphacidae]

=he adult white+backed planthopper has a prominent white band on itsthora2 ( ig! "4)

.ale occurs only in long+winged 'orm while 'emale can either be shortor long+winged!

1ggs are laid in rice stem or lea' sheaths! ewly emerged nymphs are white but show coloration as they mature! eeds eDually on some grasses as well as on rice!

"4,e'oliators: insects that 'eed on plant lea3es! < portion or the whole lea' blade maybe consumed early/ late/ or at all stages o' the crop growth! "ypes of efoliators #$ !eedling to 'egetative

"! 8ice whorl maggot ( Hydrellia philippina erino) [,iptera: 1phydridae]


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Whorl maggot is a small gray 'ly ( ig! "a) with strong pre'erence toyoung transplanted rice plants!

=he whorl maggot causes damage during the tillering stage o' rice/ 'orabout 9& days a'ter transplanting/ but therea'ter little damage occurs!

,amage symptoms are 3isible when the lea' grows out o' the whorl!=he edge o' the lea' is discolored/ whitish or yellowish ( ig! "b)! =he

e2tent o' damage 3aries 'rom slight 'eeding causing a 6pinched7 ornarrow area or pinholes to a se3erely damaged lea' which is completelybroken due to e2treme 'eeding across the entire width o' the lea' ( ig!"c)!

"a "b "c %! 8ice caseworm ( Nymphula depunctalis (*uenee)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]

.oth is immaculate white with light brown and black spots on thewings ( ig! %a)

1ggs are pale/ yellowish green/ laid in one or two long rows on undersur'aces o' lea3es drooping into the water!

Lar3ae are yellowish green/ translucent with threadlike gills on body( ig! %b!

=he 'reshly hatched lar3ae 'eed on the sur'ace o' the tender lea3es but

later instar lar3ae/ with their heads and thoraces protruding 'romwithin the case/ 'eed on the sur'ace o' the older lea3es ( ig! %c)! =he lar3a consumes the green lea' tissue/ lea3ing only the papery

upper epidermis ( ig! %d)! reDuently se3eral lar3a attack a plant andcut o'' most o' the lea' tips 'or making cases and may consume theremaining lea3es! @neaten lea3es can be seen 'loating on the paddywater sur'ace!

%a %b %c %d

-! 8ice green hairy caterpillar ( Rivula atimeta (Swinhoe)) [Lepidoptera:octuidae]


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.oth is triangular/ cream colored/ and land on lea' sur'ace with itshead pointing downward ( ig! -a)

Lar3ae are green with pair o' white line running along dorsal side o' thehairy body ( ig! -b)!

Young lar3ae scrape tissue 'rom lea' blades lea3ing only the lowerwhite sur'ace! lder lar3ae cut out section o' lea' blades ( ig! -b)!

-a -b

9! 8ice green semilooper ( Naranga aenescens (.oore)) [Lepidoptera:octuidae]


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tillering but these new tillers o'ten become in'ested and 'ew bearpanicles!

4a 4b

($ )eneral defoliators

E! 8ice hispa ( Dicladispa armigera ( li3ier)) [ oleoptera: hrysomelidae]


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=he discoloration and 'olding o' the lea3es a''ects the general 3igor o'the rice plants and reduces their photosynthetic ability! =he damagedlea3es also ser3e as an a3enue 'or 'ungal and bacterial in'ection!

Fa Fb Fc Fd

#! 8ice thrips ( Stenchaetothrips "iformis (;agnall)) [=hysanoptera: =hripidae]

8ice thrips are minute/ so't+bodied/ elongated insects ha3ing narrowwings with long marginal hair and asymmetrical rasping and piercingmouthparts ( ig! #a)!


11/12

$a $b

"&! 8ice skippers ( #elopidas mathias ( abricius)/ #arnara guttata ;remer and*rey) [Lepidoptera: ?esperiidae]

.oths o' rice skippers skippers/ namely/ #. mathias ( abricius) and #.guttata ;remer and *rey are brown in color with transparent whitemarks on the 'orewings and their antennae ha3e hook+like tips! =hehind wings o' #. mathias ha3e no transparent spots ( ig! "&a) but #.guttata bear 'our white transparent spots ( ig! "&b)!

=he head o' #. mathias lar3a has red obliDue bands on each side ( ig!"&c) while #. guttata lar3a has a brownish 'rontal W+band on its head( ig! "&d)

=he lar3ae o' two species o' rice skippers ha3e similar 'eeding habits!=hey skeletoniBe the lea' by eating the entire lea' margins and lea3ethe midrib uneaten!

"&a

"&b

"&c "&d


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""! 8ice short+horned grasshoppers ( O!ya sp ! and $crida sp ![ rthoptera:

Yellow Stem Borer

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