Years of Crisis: The Interwar Period 1920s-1930s.
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Transcript of Years of Crisis: The Interwar Period 1920s-1930s.
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Years of Crisis: The Interwar Period 1920s-1930s
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Journal #15The Russian Revolution is an
example of a violent, political revolution. However, is this the only type of revolution? What are some other kinds of “revolutions”?
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The Interwar Years A time of contradictions…
◦Tensions between old and new ◦Mood of optimism and anxiety
◦How do we get from WWI to WWII?
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Today’s Essential Questions How did new scientific ideas
challenge old beliefs?Why did philosophers begin to
question old thinking?What were the new styles in art,
music, and literature?
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Group Presentation Questions Based on your documents, what
inferences can you make about the attitude and ideas of this time period? If the document is from the 1920s or 1930s, how might World War I have influenced its message?
How do your documents demonstrate “revolutionary” ideas or changes?
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Important Terms to Know: Existentialism Surrealism Suffrage
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Journal #16
List one revolutionary change in art, science, literature, or society from yesterday’s class.
How might these radical and revolutionary changes be threatening to those who want to go back to the way the world used to be? Predict what you think might happen in some European countries in the 1930s in response to these changes.
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Germany in the 1920sWeimar Republic blamed Hyperinflation Dawes Plan helps
◦US sends money to Germany, decides on a more reasonable plan for reparations
Bad economy makes people want strong leaders◦Threatens democratic governments
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Great Depression Begins in the United States Long term problems:
Most Americans could not afford goods Farmers in debt
1929: Stock Market CrashDepression spreads around the
world
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Stock Market Terms to know: stocks, shares, on
margin, dividends, stockholders, brokers
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Journal #17 What would life be like if you
lived in a country where you did not have the freedom to choose what you buy, where you work, what you eat, or what you say. What would you miss the most?
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Competing ideologies of the 20th century Ideology:
◦A system of ideas and ideals, esp. one that forms the basis of economic or political policy
Ideologies are isms ◦What are –isms, anyways?
Some you may know: atheism, capitalism, humanism, optimism, racism, idealism, imperialism
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Isms Definition: The name of a system
of theory or practice (religious, philosophical, political, social, etc).
Important Vocab.:◦Communism◦Totalitarianism ◦Fascism ◦Democracy
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Totalitarianism Includes both Fascism (Nazi
Germany, Italy) and Communism (USSR)
Government takes control over every aspect of public and private life ◦Charismatic leader (demagogue for
the masses) ◦Police terror◦Indoctrination and propaganda
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Fascism Fascis, ancient Rome: Began in Italy
◦October 1922: March on Rome, Mussolini takes power
◦Il Duce: “The Leader”
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Nazism National Socialist German
Worker’s Party Leader of the Nazi Party: Hitler
(der Fuhrer) Great Depression grows party 1933: Hindenburg names Hitler
chancellor◦Reichstag fire leads to Hitler taking
more and more power Anti-semitism
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As you watch each video…List:
◦Verbal messages (what are they saying?)
◦Actions (what are people doing?) ◦Symbols/images you notice
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Fascism “Fascism may be defined as a form of
political behavior marked by obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation or victimhood and by compensatory cults of unity, energy and purity, in which a massed-based party of committed nationalist militants, working in uneasy but effective collaboration with traditional elites, abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external explansion.” (Paxton, op. cit., p. 218)
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Journal #18List one aspect of either fascism
or totalitarianism, without looking at notes!
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Review! For each picture, write down
what characteristic of fascism and/or totalitarianism it represents.
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Mussolini, Italy
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Nazi Propaganda: “Long Live Germany!”
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Hitler Youth: “Youth serves the Leader”
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White Rose Resistance, all executed
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Specific Characteristics of Nazism Anti-semitism VolkLebensraum Aryan Other racial attitudes
◦Poles, gypsies ◦Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals,
mentally disabled
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“Aryan Family”
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Anti-semitism: “The eternal Jew”
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Why anti-semitism? Connected with:
◦Communism ◦Money lending/banking ◦Christian anti-Jewish history ◦“New” ideas
Sexual freedom Einstein Modern art
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Timeline 1933: Sterilization Laws 1935: Nuremberg Laws
◦German Jews no longer citizens, cannot marry “Aryans”
1937: Jewish businesses taken1938: Kristallnacht, “Night of
Broken Glass”1939: Deportation to
concentration camps begins; euthanasia of “unfit”
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Other Dictatorships Peron in Argentina Franco in SpainEastern European dictatorships
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Journal #19Communism and fascism are
both totalitarian forms of government. What is one similarity and one difference?
Remember:◦Communism (USSR, Stalin) ◦Fascism (Mussolini’s Italy, Nazi
Germany)
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Comparing Fascism and Communism
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Journal # 20Give your opinion…
◦Do you think fascism could happen here in the United States?
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Review