Years of CHadly

7/23/2019 Years of CHadly

1/44

9


2/44

|9 |

21:24 2012 HcCG 08 ,KGY e G f jdG IG J J J ..FQ j CG j j jT ,JH jdG Y ,H H MCG ,jeH QGg fddG ,UH G dG Y GHQJ gZh VH fih jYe jdG fi ,SH

Gg c M , jdG M HEG dH j c e jOGSh WdG cG dgOjL H PdG c IQdG S M IjG YGdG j f Gdd fddG dG X dG JM H ab dG G G e..OdG j gG EG g e d j h ,OdG W a GR gh IQdHeY efi fe CGj f Lh EGh ,T MW hH LdG c g ehS jdG H G dfG SEG jGHh ..bdG G HV c

HSC dG U YG QHH YL jCG H GSCG jC f Lh dG

HfH Ob eY d IdG Ge jeH QGg fddG M EG e d ..jL H PdG QNG M ,H H MCG ,e jQL FQ hCG V dGc dG ,H H MCG G V jeH fddG dG eR fH bePf XJ e !ghhe hCG FGG Uf j CG gh ,b Y jdG M jj ..GgH fdG jdG G SCGQ Y jL H PdG UCG FdG jeHLdG e QG dG e e c H ,H H MCG e dG e UCG jdG jeH QGg ch SCGQ Qhj e He e MCG j dG dG

PdG jT j eYdG YRe EG fidGh AjbCG baQ e jj cdG JdG f gh Y e ..GfBG jY JQ YCG EG bQ dG jL H..jeH QGg H j c

Ggh ,dG Y GdH e Zh SdH e Z dG W PdG cWJ SSCG qg c H ,e Z dGe LQ QYH K jeH L e..fh JG PdGh IG j PdG dG c ..jeH QGg S cQCGdEG hj fGgdG L e dPh ..Ggh WGT Y ASEGh SdG j cUY dGh SdG gCG If ah fc Ggh CGh UN ,GgRh hGg LcHG baQ H YGdH YQP j eY jeH ch gdGh NdG IG


3/44

H PdG M Ggh EG jC fMCG j jb MCGh JHh ,SH jT e eJQS Oj c fCG..2001 Ie hC dG eY jL H PdG b dh ,jLSEGh MGd W LGe d Ggh EG Aj c dG jeH QGg fL EGh

f c

jL H PdG j

e HG H MGh YGdG KCG eWf eY b e j ch ..Ggh dh dG dG jW JbhCG jeHhG Meh dG LGe jeH EG j Ggh AGhfEG Gg e ch ..e jMY jeH QGg id J dG SGdG fEG ch ..UdG e j dGe f H j c dG e CGh ,dG dHh H ,W LdG CG ,PdG dGH PdG dG c dG Ggh Sh jQ e fc Gdh ,dGdGh fEG G QOGch WGG W e dGh dG dM Qj c dG J Hh jLjea ..IhdGh IQdG H GhQJ CG Y bad ej b dG jeH f b JJ XCG g eh G dh eYdGh dG g j c e ,jK j CG j j G Y e G H dGh ZdG dG j baQ e c e d Jh Hf fGh dG e jj f dG jeH QGd SdGh MhdG CG UHOHG GhQNG GRc TQ YG Q"R Oeh dG YG HW H G Yh ,YCGjL H PdG d YCG IM dG IY IjL IM GhCGd dG Qf YSj j EGh M jed dGe X fCG EG dGdG H j dG e c EGhQdG e dG iG Y ddGh cGTEG J M LdjjEG JLJ e

QOGch JGOb NOCG CG H jeH QGg S dG cGTEG dG M GVQe bJ fc dG JGSG V XJ EG H H MCG Y HfG KEG dGJWf H jeH b dG dG L QJ e eSEG Th GQJ W edG Y dGh hHdG dGh ,dG dG TdG YH Rh 1966 jCGh jeH eCG LQ b e je EG GVJ jdG jM e dGh SSS Y VYG b ch AdG L IRQdG LdG e c dG jdG N dGIfe jeH Qb eY G e Gf FGG NO dCeh jG jeH

..jQGddG,QdG Ld edG H fc dG jeH QGg IaH jFGG CLJ ,1978 jO HM e ,QG Jh OdG NGO GS J fc dG VQd dH jCG dgOj c dG cGTEG idG Lh VH fi Yj c dG cGTEG IQdGdG L e DWGH ,1966 Y dG e hdG dG MCG jBG M

bh ..flh He T bQ JGh Jbh hCG gh jeH QGg ANG c

Y FSG e d..

jeH H ,jCG EG FGG

LGdG EG G GDdG jCG NX Red ZEG IY h ,AGZEG hCG IdG jW Y AGS eN c VEG e G


4/44

,QJcdGh H Uh dG G J e dG f J h VQe JMCG T ZG dG SH c dG FdG LdG ,jQdG LdG g H ehjPdG YCG MU LdG GfBG GQSEG RL FQ Y j Y fCG Oa

MCG ZG dG N fi G jQdG LdGh ,dG jeH LQ He UbG cQCG FQ gOj c fG Y VLEG e jeH c ..jQe QGTc ,GjS EG GQa FGG QOZ dG HR gdG H H MCG V jeH SG dGe ae c OHEH b G dP eh 1968 dG ZG Y e HYCH jeH Gg VG CG H ,1965 fG Se MCG SH jTh MCG jb e dG JFGOQb Yh Af jR fCG SSCG Y UG JM dW YTEG H dSG J EG NCGVQCG AYEGh MdG VGQCG eCJ IQGT WCG CG H T IYb j GQh HegG d SdGh OG YdG bQh XJh bhG eCJh ,MddG b fL EG QUh VGh H abhh ,jeCG IG jdGh djeH QGg ..HdG G V c dG SG Y YJh ,dGe Ggh dH dEG Qj dK Y YR EG H H MCG V HfG Y ddG fY dGdh ..OdG G f eh dG Yf e ZdH Ggh dG ZCG WJ cCGIe EG T dG G J eCG GJQG jdG VQ VdG HdG H Jah fcY LG ANEG Y jG gXCG jdG bGh dG H Hh ddG

..UdG

M T c cGTEG IQdG MHM M Y edG J eCG VH fi YCGG dH J Y dN e jFGG YCG dG dG J eCG H MCG jBG

G IS Y KdG JGS W jeH T dG dG,dG FGG LQ aN M G jGS NGO G dfG jeH QGg Iah YTG ,f ij LQN jRhh jeH e G LdG ,JH jdG Y cG bdG MU ,SeHdG LdG gh JH YV dh ,a dG

dh ,LQG jCdG d OL UN H fdGh HdG FGhdG e e HLQ fCG ,bEGh hdG PdG GP dG id G FGhdG g e EG FSQ fcc Ggh , dG e IjL U d Gh OG Z LdGh ,fEGh dGdGIQjR aQ dG dG LdG jeH IY j GX jdG fdG d jLdGh ..Me N G fa de Vh dG LdGh ,M W fajeCG GQSEd AGOdG FGdG V fc dG dGh dG ihCG dGfi c ,JH jdG Y GdG LdG LGe h ..HgQEHJ fc dGh

LQ UCGh ,jdG TT SQe Y j c HS Y gh ,hj ddGf UGe f Y jeH aN f bS jGH e XCG dh ,jdG L M


5/44

Y adG ,cGTEG LdjjEG Y adG ,IUCG KK Y jeH QGg QGedG M W e e GjCJ cCG e Ggh ,SCGdG d JAheh HhdG WdGYGQdG IQdGh ,cGTEG dG NCG Gg J e jeH SS fS dG cGTEG

.dG dG bQ SJ FSh e Sc dG SShhfl QKCG ,HS jY hj ddG fi c EGh fe LQ H GdG Gg ddG S g jeH MQ H C dG fie b H j c LQ idLdG EG dG Gg j h ..FGh dGh LdG G G MUhc He Ua ..He Ub GQSEG dG LdG ,G MU dGTY LQ a ,dG M G YGdGh LdjjEG j jCG d ,AGVCG j

h AT c dG Y j fEG ,QdG N e dhdG SDe IQGOEGh ,dG Gg ,UH G Y S fEG ..AT CG dLQh T Yh RL Y hNBG jfRGdGh YGdG d IQGOEG dG jW bd dG YGh cdG LdGc dG eQ Y e jY SS T dLQ j Y pj CG ,IQdG NGOXh d !?QG LQ Y NGdG LQ jdhCHh ,dG Y SdG jdhCH OjaH dPh ,dG dG RG dd aG ce j C UQ c He Ub..IadG idG ch bGG c fi c H SCGQ Yh LGdG EG dH ej j LQaN ce Y dG d ,#S jH fCG dG dG b He Ub NG dch ..WdG IMdGh IQdG d QG e IHe IeGDe K CG SSCG Y ,jeH

e S ebEGh hj ddG fih JH jdG Y MW e c jd ac dPdG d cCJ H G g fch ,QdG EG G Y GdG j CG efc dG dG H fG SQe S LG SSCG Yh SdG G Yf fch ,jL H PdG e He c dG H HdG dG GTEG fQH S c fL EG ,dG Y GdG Qe Z jfi LQ GbG ,LEGPdG fdG jdG MdG Fb Y J UhCG g fch ..jNBG aG e

..jeH QGd FH hG ,jL H

Ub SQe dG dG d ,IeG g b jL H PdG eCG jGH aCG De J h ..G jf Vj L jdG TQdhCG HeM W e TJ AZ h ..jeH aN EG MdG TG fCG SSCG Y GfBGaN e EG jL H PdG TJ e He Ub (aCG) jdG LGj jNBG aG L e Ggh ..MdGh G G Tc jeH QGg,hj ddG fih JH jdG Y fL EG fc dG da ,jG cefc dG KCdG FShh ,jdG SDG H fc dG IdG EG J fc

jgG H J fc dG dGh SDG bH Y H JRHc IQdG j c e Mh dGh MdGh AdGh dG GOG e


6/44

,fl Ga N jeH aQ e dG QOZ CG H jeH Ia Jb e aCG bjL H PdG a YG dG hCG dG eh ..KCJ hCG Ib hH J EG j aH j c dG JeRQdG EG jh V LdG GH M jOGG b SFdG TY

LdG jh j CG j c dG He Ub g dP ch ..jeH QGgdG CG CG He Ub N g d QdG AGQh e FGG j dG dG!?Ie Z MdG Y fG

.. : 2

21:07 2012 HcCG 09 ,AKdGY e jNh jY ae jW Y e GRCG eY MGdH He Ub TjeH e G eCG QcdG id dSQ J b jeH CG j c dG JH jdGJH j CG Ua ,e O VJ e GPEG fCG ,JadG OEG EG QSCG MCG YfCG j c dG hj ddG fih ..QSdG Vj CG b dP M d ,NUN M IdG MUh G dG LdG QYH jed YdG jQdG

REG jW g dG G CG j c dG He Ub d ..jFGG cGTEGe j dG jL H PdG da ,jdG CN Y c fCG cG e YSe YS IHdH eN b e Gh ,VGG dG iG MUh ,jdG a

G SQe dG jS ge Y cM EG PdGh jdGh Gh Id G ,dG ,FdG QhO d EG PdG QS ae CG ZdHh ,bb e hG FGd hjj jdG jOGh QGTCH UG eILCG NGO e jjT aQh VGYG jGdG b e YS fG f LdG Gg

..jjT IODJh H jedG dBG J j c QOCG jL H PdG CG EG ,GY eN Y dG dN e h e ic GQT jL H PdG aQ dg dh ,ITdGh OdG HQfi GQdG g hCG ch ..Gh jGh G jWhjj dG c dG jedG QEG V M ce hCG M T Lf IGOCG EG adG ,hj ddG fi fL EG ch Hc jhSdG e IjL IY EG j..YdG jQh j C j AjbCG jeH LQ e gh dG Y H K YUb Gd ,e fCH Qj c 1978 dG jeH CG JGce dG Y H cjh

UdG Y M e d j fCG j ch..

NBG GOS ,H e j d fCG

,ddG G jH bh SdG KQEG H NCG Gg bh GOdG QfCG fi N dG


7/44

e jCG d ,jeH e HG LdG jedG J M dW ce Lh EGSG eCG f Lh dG JH jdG Y e ,aN e Sb b GfcG hQOj H dG Yh hj ddG fi fL EG f Lhh ,OdG H

G Qj JH e LQ L Ic jJ M EG GVJ dh ..dG dG e jQGRh FM J He Ub CG ZdHh ..QdG U e Gd H GFH j c dG IdGh IdG J c j f Lh fCG EG jL H PdG MjdG e dG Y jL H PdG Y d ..QdG d QN UCG fCG dH TQ e LGdG Qd IjL LH aj GQh XJ jGH gPf c jdGeCGh CG YGQP jW bd S dG H HdGh QGf dNh ,GhQR edh ,jjY TQ dhCG jL H PdG M J CGH IdG g Nh QGSCGd dG IGdG dG jGHh fdG jf d ,jFGG jdG Y IjLM X WdG jdG L M j dG QGdG UCH dG gSCGJOb j jeH ch ,jdG e hCG YdG AVE Xj GRL EG jeH QGgSH jTh MCG jb aQ e H a JaN EG dP Oj Q ,SG e HM j jeH QGg c Qh ,jdG L M RL SCGQ Y fc jdGe c e j dPh Sh Jb cQCG YO CG H d FW c jdG L..VQeh LGe Y hQOb g NBG h IQdGI be a ij cG QOGc U J H dG 1978 dG jL j jeH c dh

LG Je Lh e fhG b YdG H b b j e Ggh ,dhdGhIOYEG jeH QGg j c dG RG Gg d jjT Gdh VZ j GRe dG FSh e Sh jL H PdG j H UCG e YS jL e JSh jL H PdG jH j RLh c aCG UCG a ..jedG cdG dG jYe jdG fi h ,SdGh LdjjEG dG Y eGbCG J EGNGO dG jL H PdG LQ EG jdG M Ia e jeH QGg dEG j jjedG cdG e G EG jYe jdG fi igG bh ,jdG L M IOb

e CG AYG jdG L NGO d e c Y fc dG 120 IOG NG eYdG M e YdG EG G Gg LG HdG fch ,dhdG SDe NGOIY CGJ EG GHCG dH d ah jeH QGg e M GNO jdG cGTEGjFGG d dG OEG e ,jgG Gh IQGOEGh YEG SM ceCGPf XJ H iG Gg Y G QhO bj d ,jFGG d WdG OEGhPdG c dG G SDe e SG GP iNCG SDG EG J H KCJhIOYEG EG HHh ,cG G Y j Wh LdjjEG AGd Vh EG j

dGd LJ GP WGbJ eM PdG YG a WdG jdG L M AMEGdG Y gGHEG G Y K , dG Y MCG gh FQ Y TG


8/44

e ddG MG Y dG a ,dG IOYEG QT dP Mh ,jed dGdG SS Y dG dch ,idG OhM EG Uh hc d YGQdG IQdGSH S e Vhh SDG dSG H dG Jh YdG QSEGh

jCG d GQGRdG NGO dGh dG J jN H dPh jdG Y MUEGjdG SDG jZ EG dG dG IOYEG ZdG g eGh ,SFdG SDe NGOG LdG Gg j M M dG e d j IOYEG dCe W N e

!?cJ e dH jh jeH Y j e g jeH QGg YSCG QHG EG j d d fCG ,dhdG SCGQ Y OLh Y b bh H PdG cGW e d fl c e dPh ,jb jf S ,jeH QGg Y H j jLd Ofi eR IHY O PdG e j CG j c dG He UbjeH QGg Icfi hCG Ige j fCG Qj jL H PdG ch ,SFdG TY ggh ,HS Y NEG c fl NBG jW PdG QNG Gd ..JeRQdG iG YjFGG jG c dG idG jQG Yh idG MCG Y dG bGdG jdGGfc jdG jFGG ij gh GS ch ,SEG QNG QSEG a ..gH GeCGSSCG JLMh dGh dGh jdG Ab dG GSCG eCG GdG YdG jhCG aCG EG ghj Gfj dG MCG eQdGh dGh dGh RG Y ajY fah ,HhQhCG EG dG hjj jdG dG eCG dG PdG a c ..MCGc Gg fL EGh QG e GQS OGSH jL H PdG S dch ,UG

L e Ggh ,de QSCH hCG edG QjdH dGh dG Y dhdG RJ aQGg Y jFGG eCG IUe fc dG GHCG a fCG a j jL H PdGG MUEG LQ LCG adG f GHh dGh IH Gd jeHM jf e hCG JY HbG CG eh ..jCG HdG dGh ,FGG JfG W dG

..AGKEG jQP dPh jeH e e dG f Y jL H PdG cjdG L M G aG L ,ML H Gje YGf M G YhMUEGh dGdG U HUCG Y j c Lh ,jYe jdG fi IOH

PdG j h ..jL H PdG eM hCG jRdG gGHEG G Y chc a ,jeH M hCG fP IY CH jedG T e dG f eb ghdG Y GJh jJ iLCG d ,IG b Y jeH QGg c d fCG jNO d ..IjG dhdG d NGdG dG g V IjL j j UCG dGdPh GfBG JadG OEGh jeCG IG jdG H IjL Me IOQdG GdG f Sh ,Y Nh gQKBG fc M WQJh faCG NCG Gg NHST M ,GjEG V M GdG NOh ,Yf e eSEG IQK hCG j Y GjEG

Y Ye QKBG fch ,1982 U d FGSEG hZh f H VCG YehNBG e d dG GOdG LNCG H ,H ehG AfEGh dG dG


9/44

QfGh dG jObEG eRCG jGH ,Gg c fL EGh ,Yh fN HY hX jGH fdG e ee hO NJ PdG FGL e L dG hdG eHe NQU SdG dG eRCG H ..K CG aO hO jf EG UdG j dM f

dG MCG J hO ,GUfi ,jQY G GHh ,FdG IGh dG Ue GfG NHGc EG J Oc hCG HGc EG MCG d ..YCG M GS e KCGaCG jdG g jedG e j C jL H PdG f c g eh ,MG NGO LQCG WJ gh gGHEG dW QcdG ch ,gadG f LdGhd gj c dG jL H PdG LJ Y KCdG d c jeH QGg HC gGHEG dW MCG j jL H PdG j h FH NCjh dGLdG CG ,VG jS Y jeHh e c d ,c Y jeH Y LdG GgaO dG gGHEG MCG QcdG fL EGh Gc CNCG a YTh JGOLG ZHCG d S dG H HdG H ,jedG cdG e jj f EG jL H PdHPdG e eY dG LdG QhO LdG Gg dh ,HS bh PdG fL EG TGPJG eY AadG Gg Qd fdG jdG MdG SCGQ Y c j Y HjdG SQG CG H HdG e NGO jeH QGg aN Y GdG QGdGe fG jFGG dhdG SCGQ Y jL H PdG UCG eYh ,Y j c dGi Y XG KCdGh PdG MU dG LdG UCG H SFdG EG H HdGY ahe c jL H PdG CGh UN jL H PdG gj c dG GQGdG gCG

HdG e LQ K c Vh Gd ,SG G Y bdG c j CG jj fCGbh NCG dG XGh eG bG H dPh ,jOQdH Uj c dG HjdG d IjG eG FGhdG NGO jCG d SFdG NGO a d jL H PdGe GhOSG bh ,jL H PdG e jY fi d Fah N e GUCGh jH gYQ,QdG YSGh ,QdG fih ,QGf dN GG e ,H j Gfj bJ,dG dG de U IGfh V IFGO EG H a dG G Gg CGYU U Y dP eG H NGdG iG Y a jedG QEG e dG j h

..jeH QGg M LdGh G VGh fc dG LQG SdG e ALM ,Ge GfGa fah jL H PdG FGL H qH QJ M PdG M afdG QjO SQe M KCG e ZdH Ggh LdG H HJ bGU bY UCGHUCG a Lh dGh fdG VGQCG Y e Y ZGh G LhOe ehIG jdG H QJ M jCG d ,S e jFGG GQSEG EG JEGH b dG dG fEG EG aVEG jeH QGg Ia N j Ggh FGGh jeCGH PdG id SJ dG jdGh jOdG HdG e G hO Y jL H PdG

S 15 `H Y M dG f fi jFGG G GNEG YR GS WE jLYS dNh IQM GH CGH dG jedG J EG ..jeH QGg Ia S


10/44

fjG dhDe jL H PdG qM H ,jeH QGg Ia d cfi EG eQGa bGGh G cCG M bO j dP d ,FGG e J UCG dGH PdG Ia d ,QhO Qe 16 RhJ FGG fje fc ,MQ jeH

QGg Ia fc dG fjG CG K ,QhO Qe 25 e cCG EG Lh X h jLPdG Y M e SG f dh ,GQSEG f Le fc jeHah SdG dG eJ Y fdG jY N jedG J aGQh ..jL HAGS WGbhdGh jRGG dG e IG dG d QG YdG eCG dGJ CG dG dG g g eh ..jY hCG fe WGbhdG J fcYdG Z IOSEG eh dG EG eCG g ,bN hCG M b hO g jRGLQHGdh ,jdG Gd ,c T CG ,jdG e IOSEGh J H dG SQ N edG dG g id a d S EG ITdGh aK EG OdG c MS QfG jed jdG dG Y JJ g eh ..G YCG EG eG H IGVeh Ve eh HJe GUCG jdG jFGG je fGh ,dG..bGTEG cCG Hh aCG IHh ,aCG gj c dG ef Veh JQKGUCGh ,dGh Od eQ EG eGh FdG T dG f hgG djdG dhDG ADg e fCG fc e EGh ic HhcCG fCG SSCG Y IQdG EG hj1983 jfdG IeJ N dh ..FHCG deh eh HL EG hj ,eCG EG ..jQddG feG dhLh SGQO aGQ ,HG jQdG eH hOj

dG ie Y eJh bQ GdG cCG GS N FGG J CG eCG he hCGdhfih jedG QE PdG TH dG dG dG e aJh QfG e YS ddGWGdG EGh ,dGd hH d dGd Me ,iNCG Me EG ee hO fG

WGO hHPdG a ,GcDe dP d dH !?aCG c jeH QGg H b e CG Gg j gJ jeH QGg CG ZdHh ,b e jeH Y QS IG IdG fc ,jL HGMEG j ch ,N dG dG MCG j CGH OdG CG GhBG a eY

jeH QGg bh d !?h e e d ,jQLh S J Y N e f,OdG bQ QfGh NCG GfG Gg jd Gh dhdG QOGc eCG JHN NBGdM e e cCG Y dM Y j c dP CG EG ,NCG HN H ej H dhQNG d e f EG JBG QdG if c dPdG QJh QX eh iNCGdG AH bGh G G ib jJ Yh ,QMEGh IdG Y cdG jGdG e

.SdG dGh


11/44

:

3

20:57 2012 HcCG 10 ,AHQCGG a iCGQ dG jdG f ,1917 Y e jQhJ jb e Ode dhOde hG JdG cJGOT iMEG cQCG j ,QdG cQCG fi dGhjb gh (G dG) G jGhQ e jQhJ jb FGQ H Q qU b eGf HOCG KM hCG fc ,e e d e H KM J jGhdG g fc ,jb cCG UH dP f .fe EG OJ gCG fc ,dP e cCG dh dG dJ dG LdjjEG IAGdG g e IAGb dd gSG WdG jdG cM Ve,G Gg Y fc fCG jQ .QSG e QdG EG OdG SdG df

.G NGdG jdG j e ,jCG NBG e Y fc dLdHhfCG Og MHh JH S dG g ,G NGdG jdG Gge CG H ,80 jaCG jReCG jdG VfG d GQe j jReCG GHEG hY HH J ,SH bQd jh dG S dGh hRh J eL IVfi AdEG eeGh MdG j jQH QhU Y jW bh e j dG FdG QTCGOde FGhdG aQ c ,1980 dG e SQe 10 GP fCG jReCG dG S VGCG eh ,dhCG (CRAPE) GdG FSh ,204 H NCG Gg IQS e Y eJOb dG WdG b e ajEG M ,hRh J b Gec ,IN H GQP GUhY dhCG FdG aQ H fCH JOT cT S jh ,hRh J jh e EG ITej CG H fCG aCG H e Ode FGhdG SG GdG c H ,IQdG eJ jh Gh j h ,hRh J eL W eCG j CG VhG e c dG JVfi GOLe j fEG QhH j dGh ,dG S M e UCG iS ,GfBG hRhch UdH hj ddG fi GfBG hCG G hDe e Ad c fC jdGJG AdG e e Ode N eY ..GjdG FQ g ,e Ode dG e

Gh j JOT h eCG e qH Y dG d eG EG cT S aQ j CG YjFGG d WdG OG hDe MCG CG ,dG S M GfBG hRh J jdGjReCG adG cG Af CG gNCGh G dH JG e g dG e ghYh ,dG FdG dG M JVfi e e Ode AfG H ITe hgj SdG c CG H OY dGh JVfi AdEG e e Ode e QGb PJG SSCG Gg,dG QdG e G N iS dG d ..cJ KOM hO UdG EG Y YEG hRh J e bQ JG dG HGVEGh GgG Y jReCG HdG cM d

eJh dG GY e dG YG M e ZdH Ggh UdG FGG EG jHG jL H PdG Y e j ..HG VGh HdG AdGh jfdG


12/44

YCG ..JY jGd cCGh hCG eG ,hRh J GMCG fch fh S e cCGe dPh MheG ,hRh J eG G Yh ,IhM eG G Y d eGhCGGb L gh IN bQh GfBG PdG d dh ,dG a UG GdG b

H hQ ,gGdGh fGh dG hQ LCG e Ggh FGG dGh dG e eCGMh fG EG YGdG AGdG jGQ GNEGh WdG jGdG H Geb FdG CG dP..OdG c jL H PdG de W e G YTEG g LGQ bh MGLGd jc jCG d ac jReCG H dGh G dG jJ Hfa b SSCGh ..QG e eYeh Ac WdG JjdGh dG G V

.jQSG c FGG EG q dGR dGFQ AeEG e jQf e dG M d ,gG IjL J ,1980 SQe 20 jQHhj e GY ,SH c ,jL H Pd hCG IFGdG e G gj,OL G V e SH c H dG e Ode JdG H jh ShQdGdG M e gG EG AUEH SdG IOdG J dG bdG j MjdG dhCG EG LM d T Ea ,OYh eT H M LCG e dPh cbdG IQd h d ATh G ADg c e GPEG UN ShQO fAYEG hjjdG EG ..Wd Mh d gOGSG Y dc dH dG e e c dGCG Yh ..YdG L fe OJ C bdG M dh WdG dG g HdGJdG T ..dG e j ,dG IOGQEG V AT CG Va jj e c CG Qf

d Oj CG hMh ,SdGh jdG gGfh aTh V Y AGYH e OdeY OQ j CG e Ode JdG VG e Ggh ,OdG M aQ eG IjGCG EG de e jh 1980 jaCG 11 jQH dPh Jed jQH U IYCGeL dG H b dG LMG FGd j CG SJ SH c IjG hDec e j CG JdG f c ,JVfi J e JdG dG e KEG hRh JdG jOdG adG g e AL g FdG dG CG e ,dfddG GOd IjL

.SQG ie Y dG c d ,G ie Y jdG FQ Y

GQhG ZH dGh jL H PdG d dG dG H jReCG HdG c dSG d ,Yh QJjO ,e Lh Y c jReCG MG AGMG LCG e.jdG GQSG K h WdG afi dG V jdG

jdG TdG ADd WH J Ld AS H MGdG Gh eG aU Xoh c..fEG Mh jG dCeh SdGh adG jOdGh jReCG adG dCe GMWTdG e OY bh ,jReCG dG eCG d dL hCG PdG dGd J dH PdG eM LGJ e ZdHh dhdG eCG fi gh jG fi EG 24 gOYh

d ,FdG dG LMG QGSGh OGeG H G GS WEGh ,jLWEH SGdh ,fed e idG dG Y dG QH GUCG JQG jCG


13/44

HdG SQG e b GMEG f Y j PdG M CG EG G GS,Y Y fCH IdG U WCG dG H H MCG Ia N Ggh ,FdG e L e Ggh ,dG MCG jBG M aQ CG e FdG e Y S dG dGh Y

.1967 Y gQGR CG EG FdG e e HJe jW bd j jeH QGg fddGe hCG jdG bQh g jReCG HdG OCGd jL H PdG Xh dG SSCG bQdG EG.??jdG U YH G dP j c

YdG YGh SaaCG e N gh dG e Y 1979 S fUdH Y H eG H jHdG adG cG aGhQ MCG J fc jQdGGgh G IQGOEG Y GdSGh Y H eG G e IQGOEG Y GOh HGVEG GYCGg H eh ,eG AMCGh cGG NGO G idG e aGJ cG g L eS e YS d ,MG Vbh jcH dUh TH e cP TdG LdGSCGQ Y dGh PdG LdGh IOM H YH SCGQ Y c dG NGdG IQGRhG Y GfBG dG dGh dG jRh e hdH dPh j OdG WdG RLe jd fc dG jdG U Y Oe U SG EG MQGHdG Yh ,dG jUdG edG eh GdG eh bGdG dG M e jbg TGh ..dG EG bCGh afi QdG Gd dG IGdG c dGh LdjjEGdG ,QM QOdG Yh IOM H YH GfBG NGdG jRh e hdH ITe YGjdG L M jOdG QOGdG eh NGdG IQGRH jdG e Y hDe c

GVEH jReCG dG gQJh Y HG Y Y Oc SSCG N h WdGMGQ dHh ..IQGOEG Hd QdG dG LCG e dPh eG Ohfi Zh eT dG bJ H ,UdH eG gG c NGdG jYH J GMCG bQdG Yh dG eh YLG dG eh SdG dG eh Y H eJ Wh g J dh b EGh GgH fdG eL EG GVEG IQGT dOdGh GN fi cP ,cG g SCGQ Y fc dG LdG H eh GVEdQfh IQOGb jOHh SGQH Nh QZU GRdG Yh fH Qeh GQe Qflh TH

MCGh S Yh jT G Y H e LdjjEG IGdG d ch ,T jdGAMCGh cGG dH Y j c e j jL H PdG S WCG dh fY H eG G UN HCG dH e Fc GT H ,eGe WGh jHdG adG cd G UdG c J FdG g fchFGG Hhd jOe UdG g CG SSCG Y dG cH cfi J fchWdG jdG L M hDe iCGeh jYH j c dP ch ..SEdh HdG dhf fG ADg L j CG Hh j OdG ddG R dG jG LQh

OdG RL EG j jdG jdG WdG LQ EG j Gfc jdG U YLY H eG G e hdG EG jdG dG e dH iOCG e Ggh ..j


14/44

dG jZ EG 1980 dG e dP c UdH eG G EG dG Y S dGeG QGSCG NGO IOe Ige dG jGQ hG dG Xh dh ,1981CG jL H PdG ADg IGOeh ,jReCG adG cG QfCG IgJ VLE jcG

S Gg ..GYEG M H jL H PdG FdG GdWh

fG

ADg Y jIOG IdG g eGh ,jReCG HdG c IOe Ib j CG EG jL H PdGHhdG QdG Gg H QG a e Ggh ..SEGh HhdG Yh ,WdG Y adG MaQL Ib EG d eG cGG NGO KCJ XS dG eSEG QdG Hh aG

..idG G cGe h dG AMCG hRh J eL dfG dG jdG M jJ LCG e LhOe H PdG f bjQdG FH dG adG cG Ad dG Z L e ,eCG jGH e d jReCG adG dCG jJ VQCH hd FdG GQcj jb ahh WdG jdG L WCG V adG dCG M GQJ dG MW fK LCG GH bh ..SSCG f jReCG bQh SCG dG WdG d edG LdG,WGdGh jOdGh jG dCe J SSCG fc dG dG Y Y PdGWH dG Y jdG U Fc a ..WdG jdG fe J dCehcG g QOGc RM Ggh ,G jcG GQGOEH FKdG jJ EG J ,YJhCG jdG NGO Y Ue Y dM N e SSCG FdG e Pf bGe Ye YS K ,jL H PdG Ia H e EG G g SG dh ..G RL NGO

UN ,QK e c e jHdG adG cG GaEG jL H PdG N UGJcG fG d ..1985 cfi dG Ff e OY gb dG IdG He 88 HcCG GMCG f FGG Lh EG eh ..dG NGO f YAYR je e IdG J e HG FGhdGh eCG PdG ILCG M ,dGjeQ Ic jHdG adG cG Y jH j SS M SCd H hCG cGjQJ ec MCG jCG Yh cGTEG idG L M Y jH JGP bdG h eGg Ic bH IdG J j c dG S S QcdG b Ggh ..f

HCG NGdG jRhh ,H HdG GG PdG e G LdG e VhdG h ,QhdGjf jGH ,WGdGh adG LCG e dG S S M Oe ch ..jH HjedGh jQdG dG gQYH FdG jdG jGHh jHdG adG cd IeGY jReCG adG cG V e jL H PdG d ..jGh LMEdH j e cj CG Y Ieh e ..H e GS JH gd LQ

Wh c jReCG dH aGYG JH FGL YCG eY M e Ggh dG


15/44

:

4..

19:51 2012 HcCG 13 ,dGg dGd d dGdG f j Lh ,LH jL H PdG M X jGdG eedGh jG QaCG Yhh VH dG dHh G fG Ie e NO aJcSh QH JG jdG LdGh adG j afi NBG Lhh NGhICGG dG Y aGh dG ISCG fb QU H dP h dGh dGH VQe fdG Gg e ch , qh EG LM h bf Oa gQYH dEG f dGGg e X d jH j a jedG cdG e dG EG GYdG e YY H ,YLGh dGh dG G Gh aG dG f hdGa ,dG RGh MGdG G ee V QGhOCGh dG J EG bCG gYJ fCG Y j c dG eGdG e gJ Y CGH jHdG eGh eG ieG jdG AZ eG MGQh ,cQG e MHEGh eG qdG QaCG QfG YfLCG IJSCG e OdG e dG a a ,eG d K EG J dG YeG IQCGL SH jdG Gh fdGh jQdG Oa ,aKh ja gGGAdH dG jW Y dPh FH Fe e e EG G e a jJhc ,jdG L dGe d ,dG jdG V QOGdH jJh jdG,jQddG IOT Y dM hO eG VGh IQGOEG Xe e dG eOCG G ILCG NGO jCG d ,eG NGO Iaf GQWEG EG G ADg dhYSh ..Gh jcG GQGOEG dG UG ie Yh dGh aG Y Jh iJ fc dG ejdG J jJ Y eG gd jGG GhM a YGHEG dGh ad dHh ,WdG We W H MGh fGV Ggh ,iNCG L e dGdG jh ,L e G j j CG jL H PdG

LQj YGUh JaN ZH Gfc jdG fafdGh HG H efG FKdhd edG IdG QG UCG H ..jOMCG IdGh dG d VGdG H d fK L e aG Hbdh L e adG IQGRd YN N eIY jOMCG dG V LeOEG Y X a MG d QdGh QdGQOGdGh jgG MCG jW Y dG jGH FGG EG OY dG Sj JaSJ jQK Me Hd e EG j CG e YR Y gh ,dG IQGRh e ,GfBG HdG dG LdG e OYh f Qhb dG ba MU e Jh gAH

dG ba h ,jdG e YG fih IjRHh Y H Sh dG OdG CG SH S FdG IGdG d d adG cG EG d dG


16/44

M N fie M ,Gh SdG YdG j U Y IjL ejOeobh jQdG gdG T G Y Ie hC XCG dG S dCG M{hjJ e YS d GLdG a IQK MCG e Ggh Ie hC jReCH dc

S e SCGQ Y gh Sj Jc j c dG MG J a ,HdG gJU L dGh HbdH j Sj Jc L e Ggh jdG TT Y SHSSCG Sj Jc f ch jReCG HdG Y dJ dG LMG fL EG dYjL H PdG Ia cG G c dG eSEG HdG LdjjEG EG Led HdG YEG FSh S Gd ,Pfh g H LCG e XJ EG j hCGe bfGh a H eh jfRh HY Lc Sj Jc jJ EG eGh cGf jJ jL H PdG M Ia PdG Y fc jQJjQdG IQdG gSdG JaGf jf jQdG jdG Fah ZH X dG JdG Gd bU cY GJ UH dPdG Ld f Y Sj cQh .LdjjEGh adGheh edG AdG ITG NdGh GQGG Y d edG SQGh GSj Jc fL EGh ,jReCG HdG cM Y JG ejdG MJCG dG GAdG HY H S gh MG GHEG jfh LMG c NBG U jCG Xd ,hRh J dG eCG Me bh jaCG 20 cM T f e WJ dGIMe hCG Ie gh Z QHHfGY c iNCG e h UdG FGG jCGSh ebCG MCG S ,G MG QT ..GRhe ddG dDd Me e

NCG e UN MG fch Rh" MCGh ,dG QhH c dG Y HdG HdG dG SJ jT dL Y j e c jhCJh JAGb dGh-HdG LdjjEG V jQJ aGe Y IQY dG ch ..G dG EG bCGjhGR e gh ,jHdG YCGh QhG GP jFGG d Hh AH IOYEGh eSEGfch ,HdG jaCG 20 HH ahG jReCG adG cG aGhQ e GaGQ fc iNCGYh G Y MGdG G j CG OGQCG dG Ld j J MG g edG IjG LdG V GTe LMG QYH dG Gg gCG fc g eh ,adG

Y fG dG MGdG d edG IdG Y jL H PdG Vj CG OGQCG.FGG dGh adGh G g IOYEGjOMCG Y FdG SdG jDhd Ije IH jdG dCe W Y H S OYCG dLdG Gg Vh ,OdGh dG Y dGdG ee e G jQd jQSCG IdGha ,e TQ FGhdG g ,NBG LMG U FGhdG HdG dG EG HYGQR dGh fL EG U gh Y ,UdG Y IH Z ,hGhOH jb dGe ee a GR gh G HdG f G ,1968 Y fdG IOT f ,dG

dG SDe dG EG jW JHc e d

eBG

e aK ,GS K e cCG SDG aQ b dG hCG jGhQ ASH eG jRdGh


17/44

RJ X Gd ,jfh Ye JHc YG ,LCG EG j d HdGfGYh qG dG FGQ QUCa fdG dG QhO EG Lj CG JdH aO e Ggh HbdGCG jGhdG dhMh fdG eaFGG UN f QGO hCG W Od

SS QBe EG AGdG YT XJ jSdGh jFdG IdG g EG dH LJPdG Ia dY WCG dG OdG HZ N Idc J eh LdjjEGhaQ dG GUCG g cc H e Qj e TQ U c g eh jL HjGhQ e d fdGh Gh dG AGMG Y Y dG G IdG AGfGdG WGbhdG d dG LhCG Y dG e e dDG d GeWYeh b Lh Y J M S EG J CG jL H PdG Ia ITdGh HGh dG jW Y dPh FGG fEGh G EG j

.dG JhGh jRfGh dUdG T dG jL H Id M DhJ Y Y jGhdGdG jGhQ GY g dPh dH TCG g EG FGG aS jdG dUCGhEGh gCG M EG OdH aO eT Y Y Y dGh dPdG SaEGh QfG jdG FGhdG a YG jGhQ gh OhdG eRfc c ..YVh YdG J e dMY Gh G jCG d G Y N e J T HY d Y GThd JdG XdG dPh G G gjEG dG d dG dSGGOe SSh dL fH jGhdG fa ,dd e IS je NCGh ,G iG Y

e CG dG fch dG HG dBG fEG jJ OGQCG dG dPdG G jGHgQEG e dG Gg ch ..IS G dG W e MU Mdh jGhdGNGO GOH J fc dG dG J Y YT c NCj dGh dGa LGdGh eYEG d VCG dGh jFGG dG Oa ,dG G YCGdch jdG L M Ve bH Y G j dEG AfG UCG HHdG dG WCG g QN OLh hCG hN c ch fdG O dH c eCGEa g eh ..T EG dP j H dGh H GYG Y j cG d

HG Rd CG ad IgdG dG EG j CG d jQCG hCG j c dG dGeh dG G Y gj H LCG e YH J edG IdG g fch ..bGGM AdG fh ,IAGb Y WCG HbQ H d WdG SDG YJ gYGHEG c U ReH HbQ gh IAGdG UCG a FGG jd dHJc Me fc g eh SdG LdjjEGh TJ dG MGh fjdGjdG TT Y eJ C Y Y H d Z QHHe Meh Sje Ma FdG G e ,YGPEGh jdG gM iNCG GUCG jCG d

OG FdG dG ZCGh

GjjdG jh MH Qd

ZCG MU EG jRGdh ,YGPEGh jdG IQfi fc e jBG fd ZCG M H Sfd e


18/44

GNG G a fdGh H egG Y YON IQU j CG jL H PdG SGb jdG fdGh d ShCG e N e dPh adGh dG J dG Me jdG aGJ Ggh ,IYdG d AdG J hCG MGdG G jGQ AGfG

,QdGh KGG QJ Y Hfi Gfc ahe c e ShCG d AGdGh dGS Ib FdG NCG fi YdG dG b MG dG dP dCG dhgh Mh jL H PdG a eG H jFGG G L Y dG Ha eG c dG FdG NCG QOdG Y fi MGdG CG b dG IdG f

.jL H PdG SH jO SG qZ a G jO GGGh eG e ch edG J GUCG dc X G J hG S dG G jDhdG d SSh a jf jJ Y TG ,d NGZdhG"Jba e cPCG d MG dG EG dN e dGh Va EG cGGMCG AKCG 1980 dG SCJ dG ,IHdGbah FdH ee mZCG J fc dGdG JGf fch ,G Hh jdG SdG ZCG H Le H HdG HdGa UCGh FQ fj H IQY e cf ,dHh W dG e OY e feHGQh JH Y GjRh K ,WGdGh adG LCG e dG M SDe e HSdG FGG jH FQ Ffh fQCG M Ve H a UCG dG GHQdG Ve TGQ Ofih Gg ej EG IHdG bd ah X dG M hRehc dh bdG Jc J YG fHh bdG e M Sh bdG YTh G

jdG SdG ZCd G dG Y IHdG ba aVCG ,Ge Me IYdG IdG jJ Yh fEG dG dG GP SG XJ Yf fLe bdGh LdG EG J CG hO d YPdG ITGh M G AjEG GP jdGdG GfGh Od jJh d QL f a jGG jU GQ TGh ZCGjGh IGhG FGL ,FGG HCG LCG e SG dG jhHdG FGG EG fQH MY jHdG ed P f dh j d dG hGb TGhZCG h ,dGhaG Y fG M Y jdG jdG OGG VJ MGQ dG jL H PdG

ICGG Yf ,G NGO J MGQ dG aG YdG e aGJ dPh ffEGdG e Y CfCG ,IHdG ba fL EGh dGh AdG YdG SJh OLG JhbdG g SCJh ,dGh SdG MG jW fG GeCG cMe bach ,Y H eG G NGO eSEG W e GeCG c ddG ZG YSjh GRe eh eJ Mh QN HGQh ,jZ L fL EG SDe H eGP Me IY fdG jf jZ EG SG dG GeCG c ba fCGh jhQHLdG M gf cJ dG eeh adG T e cPCG ,f SS HW

dYCG GeCG c ba eb dh jL H PdG Y d dG GdGd ,NGdG Gh dG AMCG SdG Z YdG h ,eG AMCGh cGG


19/44

Y gGU j CG Ggh Lh IUe X dhd HdG QG GHCG..dG QL ShCG

adG ehG jW Y Ie eY dG dG Y LMG LdG Gg c d

IQDH EG dh GdG ZCG OU e dG G iNCG GRGaEG e dP eGJhQDH OJ e HdH dPh dPdG G jdG dG ITh Y j GU dG GMCH CGS dGh XG GgdGh HGVEG e YLG MGLMG e Wd86 Y bh ,Ggh e ic e H a Qd ,81 dGIRL AKCG 1983 dG K ,1982 af eSEG dG LMG g ,NBG RGW ehG 88 HcCG GMCG e LhCG EG dP d S dG Y eSEG TdG

..dG jH

:

(1) 5

00:21 2012 HcCG 15 ,KGdSdG fch ,eDG FdG IAY jL H PdG iJQG jOGG b TY FYG ehM d ..eSEG IYU SSh YLG Ib SG gh ,VGh

LdG YCG eY ,IHh gOLh Y YEG SEd hCG YdG e eSEGdG dG G AdG L hCGYdG j SM GQhO d dG G AdG L M e LYfG Y gGHEGG f bCG dG H H MCG f j Y jQSEG IdG HEG eSEGh WdGgGHEG dG YGPCG dG dG ch ,QNGh jc jdG cGTEG fGh MGdGYR Vh Y j L ,G FGd FQ hCG bCG dG YdG H ,GfBG

..1964 Y Jah jZ EG Ggh ,jG ebEG G AdG L

VYG dG IG eSEG YG je e j gGHEG dG e dX hCG ,1965 EG 1962 e IGh ILdG H H MCG Ia AGS ,GfBG dG jWG f ebEG f 1978 Y Jah jZ EG 1965 dG e eG dG jeH QGg MeSEG dGa ..LdjjEGh ObGh SS c cGTEG Jh ,MGdGAe J TdG FQ M FdG ag c 1963 jGa 9 SCJ dGdGh hH eCG LGH dG jCG d G AdG L cJ dG GdGe AHCG e G jEGh HS YCG Lh jO cQCH GdG jJh G Y

EG Qb Yh OGMCG gRh J TdG gh G d FGhCG SDG ch W G ,Y Qfl FGhCG gUY H e ch J dG GaCG fL


20/44

Yh ,1984 Y J hN eh cdG SYh (eSEG jdG)h (dG) Ge G Y YdGh S MCGh hHdGh jM eh S dGgYJ fc dG dG e gZh e SYh a H VQh Y H TQh

G g e CG b ,N fih dG fih SY Ma e Jh HG e gd LQG FGG SCG IOYEG EG J Sd hCG YdG e XdG b af H dMG Y YCG dG fH MW H dfddGMCG jh dG H G jh G X GSG IQhV Y N fi e YHhOfh (YSCG MGdG) M J TdG G FQ CG H N e dPhdG dG b EG FGHEG e jQdG je ad edG jQdG jdG GdEHM c ,dGh dGh ffEGh dGh jQdGh HOCGh jdG d edGjdG dGh fBGdG NCH dG EG IOdGh HdG dG H IQhV Y GQaCG H f Y G L dh OhGh MCG eSEG jdG ebEGhOY W e L egh Ye ,1964 fL 5 jQH dG b YCG dGHQH OGeh HM fi e WdG jdG L Qj ,QdG Y HG G eL efH GhYG ,T 24 H S ,fH GeCG jdG GgR MCGh HGe ahdG dEG dhdG IQSCH FGdG dG Ma H deh Mh ,LQdGADg Gj c ,dG hO dSCGdGh YbEd G IG ddG Y JJG FdG EG LMG aQ Y dG L jGQ hG hG eSEG

eSEG G Y GYEG M J V jG IQdG jW Y UdG Y LEG SdH f CG ,jFGG eSEG dG L f fj a ALh b SjdG G b e Y G baQh b S Y dH GJ CG JM jdG dG ad YCG FdGh IQdG fi FQ H cPd HdGEG Lf PEG fh ,dH G EG GYEH Y G Gda idG dG NCG d VN ,jO aK eSEG L e cCG fCG f ,ALdG GH eaW e G M g dG fch f jFGG h jG SdG hDdG

jdG IYdG GUCG X LG h ,dG FH dGh jeH QGg feh S dG Y dG e dhdGh G SCGh SdG NCH dGhj ,Hc dDj S dG Y e T L e Ggh ,Je hHdGh jMSdG dG dHh YP H a fG cGTEG UCG cOGGY G Md FYEGh MdG VGQCG eCJ e jeH QGg fddG b e GIQdG YGh ,De VQCG Y R IdG CG S dG Y aCG H ,ehGJc FGhdGh YdG e QdG QdG Y f jCG qUh ,YT YH YGQdG

OU e WdG hM jeH QGg CG ZdHh ,dLQh jdG f fG dG SjdG GDe Y Y T H ,jdGh AGMG SCG ,HSCH eSEG QdG


21/44

eSEG TdGh f H de eSEG G e c Ja AGQh e c dG eSEGdG EG bCG fdG d Y H TQ jeSEG EG jhG e dGjdG FGdG QfG Y dG jeH QGg Z dch G eEG e Heh ,dG

G Y jdG eSEG G G WTCG e ,jdGh OTQEG HdG GPQfG Y dch ,jFGG TdG Y SdG SEG QaCG IQH gS dG ciNCG ch ,b fih jdG eh BGdG X e b S cSh IOY QOdG Y YCG e jeSEG Id jhdG gS fGNEG jeSEG IdG QJ AGLCG g e X h FGG HL H HCGh HS Sh iMH e ch hMGJ G GNEG J S SS J EGfi Gbh H eh ,dG Y Sh SH fi ,f fi SDejMG YL fh ,Qc TQh RQhb fih OY LHh S dG YhS CG H) j e a AL?jeH j jCG EGGY ,jeH Sd jOfG fH

jdGh SdG e TM H IFd dG GN..jeH M W YdG LCG e d fS Ua YdG Lh CG H

,LG EG eCG Uh M dG jG c Y dGh dG jM YCG CG HhYdG aQ jdG dG dG d YO CG Hh ,Jjh j a EG dG e MIG UG jjh GOhd GAL jdG L aQ VCG Y dh ,hSc

..AGGSdG gQE GHfl RL qc CG Hh..Gfi jdG qeh GH SEG T CG Hh

:c AGOdG FdG g HheCG FGLh Fa Y c AdGh jgG f Y fi e Ye Y f

eSEG ddG M Y W Z eh SdGfh

gd h jeH cGTE

Yd Fhh fH ahe UY c dG d YT Z f d H AL dG d IM e ` jT ` IY :SEd f

GObG ` ef ` GQSO :SEd fSfi ` LGh ` bM :SEd f

INCG ` IMh ` dGY ` iQT :SEd fa ,SdG SEG QJ YJh eJ jeH QGg J dG dG SCG eCG

YL UY YG SSCG Gg Yh ,dG dG SGh OdG Y j SCGWf WfGh ,SSh jeH QGd OG fH H eb eY jMG


22/44

S S 15 `H f fi gh JeRQdG JLQ MCG Y M H ,jJj CG jj c fC SSCG SS c SdG G Gg CG dG YGh ,IafjGH GHCG a G IS EG jL H PdG OU e d ,YOQh bSG

SS e b j CG jL H PdG QNG eSEG eCG YGe Y eCGG CGh UN YG SdG SEG ib e da bQ Njh JLJh jeHY dH MWCG dG GjEG eSEG IQdG Fa TG H dP Y j c dGY ASEH Gj C dG eSEG T ah eBG Z JGP bdG h 79j c dG jeH IQd e dfl IQU SQ Y jL H PdG OT d ,dGeSEG YCG SQ Y PdG Y dG IQda ,dGh YdH eSEGeY QU H dP h ,eSEG e jb LQ fCH fEG J aGhYSCG M j UCG dGh FGG EG GdG fi dG jU jL H PdG YOb e J dGh dG QGO e UG dG QhO Lh c ,FGG jdG T c ..d jhdGh hVdG dGh GdG dG c f IOYE dhdG SDeSQGG ah ,eSEG d VQe J Y eG UN eSEG dGa ,dP fL EGh ,dG e YdG H TG Md bQG IYdG eCG jfdG FQ GdG dG ch ,jdG d eL cCG AfEG Y jL H PdG Tgh ..j d K NBG he K ch ,H QOdG Y eCG eL gh ,dGPdG VJ c ,GgH jOH H G Y SG jdG d eL Y IQY

LG AH AGQh fc ,a H ddc KJ dG G J Y jL H,PdG J Y FGG jdG e ,YEG FSh Sh ..dhdG L jRGGd dh ,eDG eCG IQU EG bCG eDe Lc SG dG EG LJ CG H UNa e dPh ,FGOCG Y dG J SS N e Ggh ,Ve EG dG id IdGfaCG OddG f FGG dG jOdG eSEG eCG dGd dh ,e BG N GM EG faCG jFGG jG OY JQG dHhUCG dG LQdG EG dG S e GQGhOCG dG FGhOh jFGG GNEG

jh dG aCG YL SCGj SH S je UCG gh ,fCG G Y e Tffi MGdG GNEG H a YGh ..GY G Y dG eSEG YdG UdG W e J Lh fCG ,1993 dG HM e e jLCG QGM f,JadG OEG V aCG OG FGG dG e G d fdG V ehGh jgH faCG IdG J j JGf FGG jdG chH UN ,jFGG eSEH aO AGLCG g e OLhh MCG YdG GS 15 h 10 H hGJ I jeH QGg S jdG baQh f GS PdG WEG

JYH Ghj C eSEH aO jc WSd J Ggh ,FXh LeOEG IOYEGhY fi J e dPh ,dG EG jdG e Ljh WH jUh VGh H


23/44

FdG gce ch ..MdGh IYdG YL Y WCG ,eSEG YL AfEH QOj..SH S je

``SQG e J ,AHCG d CG gh 1948 Y SH ``S ``je ```Y fi dh

Jc a e hCG Y fi MCG G L ch ,H eSEG ` fGdG jfdG,LCG HhQhCG dGh ddG e ZCG J fc dG ,SH S j BGdGH G Y dG SCG dG UEG cM EG J HQCG Y FY fchLdG e Y fi NO 1969 h ,gGHEG dG dG H a SCGJh jOHeH SQjh Ggh EG 1971 dG Od SGQO UGj d ,UdG FGG eHH ,SH S FGG H HCG YGdG e Dhd ch HdG dGh OCG IOeHL H HCH Fd H S fa ,SdGh MhdGh jdG JM dG Gj Y M S dG SH SH G fL EG dGh IYdG YL FGG..1979 Y dP ch L YL jC MG dG G G NGO fdG L GIJSCG fL EG dG SdG YdG dG Y fi fG dG jGH b FdG dG e e Lh G GNEG YL EG j Gfc je1998 Y J dG Y fi j ,FdG e e" QH SH S je fCG , eSEG Tf e eeEG UCG dGh IG jdG e JOY HY dGh hH eCG G jCG dG d bNCG fG Y cQ) IdG JH ,aBG J e Y Gj C ,gOGhQ e TG QhdGh fG EG NdGh ,G

AGSEGh dG a M ,SH S Ie fc dG IQYdG H EG dNOhSCG Gg JH gL dG QdG CG,Y fi jh !(idG Fd FdGfOb e Ggh ,jc GQ`fCGh S Y Lh ,Wh Ic fc IYdG jGH EG Y fi LJ 1978 h ,IYd b EG dG Y H Y e AH EG``G Yh iM S H eh eh dh jQS eSEG TH dGh ,GaQ jOdG HdG b bd SG K ,b fih FGG HL H HCGh c

..SH SH

:

(2) 6

19:46 2012 HcCG 15 ,KGM e idG JGN CGJ b dG EG SEG Uh Ua CG Y fi YG

dG g bQDj c e TCG H ,eSEd mOe Z Lc X dG jL H PdGSDeh IQGOEG d GHCG eeCG a dG ,jeH QGg AM jQdG e


24/44

fL EG gh bhQCGh SdG d IN MU Y fi ch ,SG dhdGMU ,d eh ,HdGh fdG ,adGh dG Uf ,W LQ ,dPbY j c jdG H QOCG dh ,dG cDJ jCG e j a Nh f

eh ,IG G UCG e c a ,J e jaGdG je dGd e Hej Gfc jdG G UCG Y j c QOCGh ,dhG eh H QdGeCG IY M bh dG cGTEdh Ydh jeH QGd IjT gGc bYCG eSEG idG g dSG ZQ jL H PdG j h ..IhdG L ZQG ie Y SdG G e FMh jQdG GNEG EG aOdG d IYdGeSEd dH e EG dSdG fi Y J eYh ,idG VGG h NGdG,edG AdG Me Y PGSEGh QdG EG hG jQMh jOOe Gfc jdGVCG dG UG LG Y be jd UCG iNCG eSEG YL N EG GaYG g T OJ Ggh ,G dG DWGJh IY S dH dGh T Yh eh Gghh SH Sh IS e e Y eGb e SdG h b e dG h ,bQh e G jCG d ,FGGjG g CG ZdHh ..jQaHh edG OGhh QTdG e ic AMCG f UdGhVe Y eJh YfG Qe QU eSEG YG H UCG dGfc dG eCG d dH jCG d jQdG YG idh jdG L Mc dG adG e fj Gfc jL H PdG e HG CG EG c Y bGJ

M H ,jHdG SDGh G NGO eSEG QdG Pf XJ e dG Y j,eSEG G eQ ,NCG d EG fd j CGH dG QdG ie Yh IQGOEG NGOdH GhCea M dCG d j Ib GUCG fCG eSEG T e YS dHhQN JY VGSG X GdhM ,iNCG Me EG Gfa ,IdH SMEGhY fEG PdG jLh bU ie QNG JGP bdG h bJh Jb iegh ,b KK ,SH S eSEd UCG ,1981 HQ a ,SdG SEG ib,Y fi Y j c dG Y H Y eh ,dG eh ,bQCG e

YC jRGe Ib EG dHh ,SH S e Y GeCG f NCG Gg YCGh Nj L e Ggh ..jdG Ghh ,cG G afi e ,jcG dG ReQe eh YGO QYH SH S e SY QcdG QGR eY dG e GU hCGd eG cH ShQO j CG OGQCGh ,IQCGG YH aUG eSEG YG QJe e dH dPh jdG H HCG eL gh ,jH dG eH jCGh ,SH,SH jf Ode GfBG SCGQ Y c dG jdG hDdG IQGRd HdG jdG hDdGH Hb SdG LdG H jdG H HCG eL EG bae AL dG e SY d

dP ch ,ShQO AdEG e e SY e GdhM jdG Y YL W e PTGJ h ,Y fi jH YG eCG j e SY QcdG CG H


25/44

gh ,dG e EG fh e SY NG Y YL dhM dHfch ,GOe dP Y JJh WdG afi EG fi Y bGh eCG Gb NJGge EG GOG g d WdG Gbh fi Y QfCG H Yf e hCG

Ggh cG EG fi Y M bh ,eSEG U YGh LMGhYGh M H Y Yjh ,jH e SCGQ Y c dG QTdG YH aO eS Y QdG GdG WEH Oj H QGUEG EG S TdGh OdG YeY djOGQ cCG Me EG jH YL fG c ..Y fi SCGQ Yh ,SHIY gOJ 1981 dG e je dG Y UdG b ic Ie Y fj jH e CG EG fM b YS CG j c dG eSEG QdG e Fag fch ,jL H PdG H dG e LN dG f YL id HSGJ b dG IeG e f g Heh jH eh Y fi H b a iJ YGe PdG Nh eSEG UdG JGP bdG h ,eSEG cG dN dG jQdG UdG g Y VLEd jQdGh fdG e FMh jedG

..HJ JQh Ne jeH QGg NdPh e Wd N PdG Y GMd eCG IOdG H aO g e OGMIjG idG deh fH J dG JGSEG V LGQOEGh jJ LCG ejFGG IOY J Y J d OGG g e CG PdG YG ..G EG IaGdGah dH G FCG jJ H jdG adG bJ N e dPh ,eSEG EG

Y jL H PdG OT g eh ..Zh GfG c eCG GS J b dG jdG gGc e IYOh heh Th AY dEG Yoj c dG eSEG dG Ghf UGeUdG FGH 1981 Y S S EG MGh e Y HGdG G fa ,fdG UCG26 EG 19 e H Y HdGh UdG FGH hCG 3 EG jL 27 e Y SOdGhe jH Y SdGh ,1985 Y jL 16 EG 10 e H Y edGh 1983 Y jLjdGh MGdGh 1986 Y S 19 EG 02 e H jdGh 1985 Y jL 16 EG 0805 EG hCG 30 e UdG FGH jdGh dGh 1987 Y 09 / 01 EG 08 / 26

.1988 Y SNGO iNCG Y Y Y dG LGdG J e j CG jL H PdG hMhj CG hM fK L eh ,L e eCG SDG NGOh cG G RLfL EG d e GQGhOCG Gj C aO jL Yh g f M Y eSEdeSEG YG e gZh fi Y YL Y H a SS e bdH dhj c dG SdG JLd Jfh gOh d e GOYG dP ch iNCGb e G SdG H MJ jL H PdG Lh dh ,MGe Y eGbCG d

G SCGQ Yh G OG FbUCG b e eSEG h ,GdG fEG eY jeCG IQGOEG W e H a jCG d ,jdG dhO IQeEGh jOdG HdG


26/44

jh Ia Y Mh ,G Y JGQhe j e H 1985 Y TGh QGRIe HQG bQdG c Y gGJ M IG jdG fch ,fK SFQCGh UN 2..OdG dG fdG QdGh dGh dG H fG AGLCG e

Yh FGG e bdG jJ j FdG ag c jQ dfhQ jeCG FdGY EG qL Y FGG OdG d G fdG eG G NGO G G qe.3LCH HQG G Y d fG Gg Jh jdG GgGh U

Y ,H d j Z Y jeCG e jL H PdG M dhSOS UCG FGG CH J dG GQSEG jQJ bU e GPEG UN gH YPdG CG EG fdG YfG QKCG dP CG ZdHh ..1985 Y dG d IOQe dhOfGjO LQ H a UCG dG HdG dG LQ OjEG N e FVQEG EG S jL H

.1983 Y FGG fG g qL dG dG U EGfdG Y Vdj Ieh cP jL H PdG gTH dG SG Y jQ IQGOEG Lh ddG M bQZ c jQ CGh UN ,dGdG LdG EG cGTEG LdG e FGGeSEG e L N CGh ,faCG MG dG JadG OEG V IOQdG G dG ReH j JadG OEG G dG jQWGeEG VEG LGQOEGh

..jeCG JGSEGhHc e HgdG dG HOCG cG e jL L AGLCG g X hjdG Yd hQ dG GfdGh GNEG dG GY G Y HOCGh dGh dCG

,jQjh fY j jdG HdG M Y dP ch BGdG G eSEG HdG dG jOG YdGe Ihe M c M J HdG YdG G EG j d a dCG dG dG Gg V AGT M ThG AGJQ G a c ,jfdG h eG gG LQe Yh LG He fc dG dG IYCG Y SdGh LdjjEG d IOe EG dGh

GdG fGdG G GP jL H PdG IFGO eJ UCG e YS ,e HG Sf PdG j CG hM dG fCdG Y EG

ej hj gh jOdG aG QhO Gj CG je Gfj eSEa ,bGdG FH CG H IdG Ge CG GcQOCG ,G ShCG jh j gPfh XJ Jbgh GKCJ cCG fe gCGJ CG j dG JGN e Yj GMGQ e GPEG fL EGeSEG YG a g eh ..jCG b fX dG QdG J hNBG S EGhG NO e jS h eG NGO dG e dG G J fc dG

..eG cGGh AMCG Y gj H N e dPh LdjjEGh SdGfi QcdG j Y QdG G Y j c fMCGh ,eSEG YG SCJ

dG fi FdG dM e ch ,FGG eL VjdG PSCG gh LH dGGYEG M jR L G eSEG YG eCG ,1996 dG a S dG


27/44

dG dG Gg QfCG e S MCG dG e HG e OYh ,e SY QcdGhLG Lh eh M H Yh M QOdG Yh hGdG MCG aQ H a YH.INCG JH jdG Y eM GjRh UCG dG e H dG e ddG

dG f fi MGdG EG dG Jh ,IQCGG QJ SH eYEG YG g aYhdG g fch ,UCG eSEG LdH d bY h dG e jb YG j c,dG GNEG Y dGe J YG g CG QYH ..SEGh ,dG H eGNEG YL fc dG idG cGG c Y dSGh fi SEG Y gGJ fchY MUEG a e JHOCG J c jb IQCGG YL fch ,dG JGf JG GNEG OH j j dG f H de eSEG dGh ,jOH H G,CG dG Y bfG e IQCGG YL bQ JG eGJh ,AGS M Y dGh,dGh IdG hCG G YL e djOGQ J IY RaCG dG G GNEG GOGeG J C J YG g jf fch G cG OG YLh

.eSEG jdGh dGYE YG Y OHEGh dG dG Y U fc IQCGG YL CG ZdHhdG eh gQM Y LGJ fCG EG dG V e GU NdGh OG

dW ZG eYeH NCG Y GdG KEG dPh Y HH eG H 1982 Y af 2 d eLdG e ddG ,GeCG c eG ddG ch ,QcP eG G d QeCG

GaQ jdG eG G Wf Y eSEG dG d FhG AdG MCG LCGGeCG c ZG ..dG Y Gh jOMCG jDhQ Vj GMGQh HfEG jY eY dG a Yj G Of NGO Qe dEH j NCG Gg c eYGd NCG NdG Hh dG dG d ,S HH eG Y NO eSEG jYdGh fdG e jHdG YdG UCG CG Oe N d eSEG QS eCGM V dP ch WdG ALQCG c G G L dh ,eSEG MCG ZH GebUYh e SY ch ,dG CGdG WY c dN e eSEG OGQCG dG jYdG

Af Lhh Gh LGh eGG G Gg GLhQ IQCGG YL eedG dG jL e hjh JGb GVj C JGe UdG IQCGG YL,jcG eH WdG AfCG c e eSEG BG M ,V GebCa ,edG fG d dG dG J Y jdG hDdG IQGRh e QhdH GebhY fj GUCG dG G G ie Yh YQGh eG Jb ie Y

.dG L Gfd Sb b fCG X dG jL H PdG fQcdG dG hJ dh ,L j ,jcG eH 1982 af 12 jQH dG c

hJh ,QG JH S dc d ,GH 14 e G dG b dG e SYALh ..dG fi dch Y HG OGM EG QTCG dG gGH e jCG dG


28/44

:j e dG jJh Sh NGh gQEG e eDG HT d VJ dG INCG GMCG AV {hCG J dGh gZh hRh Jh Y HG eG AMCG G H d VJh

dGh jfdc jHdG SDG e c LG dch ,Yf e INCG hHH fc fCG T GMCG g ,GQGOEGh fG H ddG SDG hCGYdG IYO FY IY jeCG dGeEGh jOdGh fSGh dG YdG eN J JLCG GSG jW Y dhdG jQJ e VdG dGh jdGhhO e gZh ah d G d VJ dG gdG HGH ITG dG GPWh IMh jJh G jO d G eN dhdG J EG ,eSEG dGgC fGdG BG g C ,Th JOS Y jU AGY eCG eGH GhIG JOGQEGh eCG Y Jh OYG M Y AdGh dG gh FdG b eY W Y fHQ jGg SEG dSQ Mh JQM Ad FdG edG J dGG OdG HQ W H M b fc GPEG G FGG EG ,jOG YdGS a S d a d FGG fc e ANCG J EG J eCG L INCGIQ Gf dG H S dG dG jh ,dGh dG AV Y OTdGe J CGh e H GeCG UCG eCG dG UdG H G hdG Ea bGfOYG aj hdG Gg OLh ,WdGh SEd ic fN j W CG e dhDG

:ddG jdG dH GSEG Y d SEG EG bOdG IOdG X EG

,SSCG fhY eN WQe ,jd jOe dhdG ILCG fl UY OLh `1G Vh MdG YTEG Y YS dG eC G ,IcG Jfl J Yh..gZh dhdG Y dhDGh

IGhG Yh AdG jM Zh WdGh AdG S gGh AdG J `2..fhH QGSG h eCG dG dGd g d MCG

d j dG Od dMGh QSEG hd M f c dG G M J `3.G T H SdG H dG ebEG e H a SEG e S jY H dG Qe

jMh VYh deh jOh f Y eCG M e jh jM e WGG eM `4.bNCGh YdG JLGH JeGdG GQeh bM gCG Y AGYG d Y dG,YdG Z eG c dGREH ITQ eSEG Lh jObEG J LJ Y `5Ua SdG jJh YUh IQh YGQR e RdG c ,YdG dG Jh

.. hH OdG GN e IOSEGfa JCGH SS fc dG H bgQEGh dfG Y dGh ISCG J `6QT eSEG jdG Z Y Vh dhfi EG aVEH dG M SQ Hh

..ISCG fY dG Ff fG ddGh jQGOEGh jHdG SDG VhG NEG `7


29/44

Y GN GTDe j QU M YLEGh ObEGh dGh HdG OhOG.QGh G QGfEG YS

gZh IQGOEGh eG EG SQG e jHdG SDG SQG OdGh ITdG `8

.e J GPEG EG j N bNCG WGbhH VeMh HdG dG bY bNCGdG LG fLG Mh adG e jJ `9e d OdG dEG J dG GAdGh dGh gGG RGHEG EG UJ hO

.Y VhG adG VdGIdG J OGR eSEG G e adG jJh eSEG HdG OHEG `10

..jQGSGhIdGh IYdG Y dhdG AGS WdGh LCG YEd IQG eYEG G `11

..fOH jQSEG FGhdG de OJ dG..eGch jOh fCG Y YaO GYG jdG GS WEG `12

SDGh dGh jfdGh eG AMCG ZCG dG LG c a `13.ddG

YdG OhG ah bNCGh jTh JYh eCG eGc Y ij e c Y `14.eSEG

dG Y dGh S MCG dG e c eSEd jQdG dG eCG dh..e SY QcdGh S

jL H PdG e b dG edG H Id G VGSG Gg cMCG G hRhj LdG bdG Gg e eSEG CG Qj j ..jQehUh jQGh eCG IOdG e e L h ..d SQ b fCG j c dG,eSEG H b dG RhdG Gg jM e H j CG gOe Yb EG jL H PdGeh eSEG AdG Y jcG eG dG dG H YSCG dG AdEG Qafi SH S eCG Y j c dG MdGh IYdG YL EG G UdG HMGU YO dG SEG S c MU S dG Y Vh c ,Y

G S AGT IQhdH Gd af IQK AGT CG YGh FdG dG V OG EGc d eGhCG YCG Ggh G e OdG jH a e gjGf fc EGdG Y AGT M eG gG IjL Th G e SEG Sd dG OEG Y QU MUh dH jdG fH YO S dG YMCG dG Vh dch ..jFGG dG OG eh FdG OEG eh jFGGG L G Yh ,M H Yh ,e SY QcdH Rh ,jG ebEG SGcMh eSEG dG e GdG YG c ,dG dH G GNEG eCG

..GeCG c ddG ZG b SEG GQJ Af e OYh IQCGG QJ Af d VJ dG YG M eCGh


30/44

QJ Ld gf jH e M e fc dG YG OL ,SdGjH e jj c dG dG cJ GaQ jdG jdG AdG bGh IQCGGUJh ,ReQh dG V HY M NdGh G dG gh ,LfG

HS Y j jL H PdG CG EG OG jH e d dGG YGJh eSEG G J Y ag cj IMGh d Lh fEG ,jeH QGgEG H GVQ jdG fCG jdG LQ Y OYH dPh FGd eSEG jdG j GfGh fG e d MhCGh MdG G c g eh ..Gj jH e L e Ggh ..dG EG AdG CG jQJ af Y QGJY OYEH dPh jdG H dGh AdG M e TCG Y RL J YH GdG jdG FGhCG e jH e c a ,jdG M dG HeRCG H f d ,bQ JQ EG jdG M AKCG bJ dh HGdG G jdGidG M U j dG Y GdG Lh e Lh fc dG 1962 Ue Uj c dG H H MCG eM Lh dG aQ dG (SaaCG) cGTEGU EG jH e OY e YS d ,QJjdGh H HdG baQ WjW QNG eY ,GhCG fih MCG jBG H e dG dG H jdG L M dh G VQG Ia Y LGJ jH e CG ZdHh ..G VQGe Y He f Lh fCG EG dG e dG HfG Tc dGg d ,jL e JhOY IdG CG EG FGdG e SG bCG H jdG L M

LdjjEG EG jOGQ H fEGh jdG L M e dG GMEG N e IG..G SEG LdjjEG gh ..iNCG

:

(1) 7

19:20 2012 HcCG 17 ,AHQCG SG c ,e SY Hh H L dG GOG KEG Y dYG b HSCGW e c dG Ge MCG dG ,jH e Ye hCG ,SH HGfc jdG jFGG dGh dG e eSEG cG Af e JH jHe dG fi Y S j G dG GfGh IdG SH efih jO G Yh ,a H aQ ch ,SH S je Sh ,H Ge MCG

a S dG Ge MCG e Fd H jCGh ,INCe YS jZ EG Tf SGh ,QebH eh qY dG e dH b e g H ,jH e Yh Y H


31/44

IdG EG LJ dHh ,jH dG CG ,SH S SG jdG INEGZ Iee dP YGh ,LdG Gg e j dG f fi e Ad ch

bGdG IOfi

QGG iMEH jS j c dG jH Ie hC dGh ,ej fG,G dG Gfd OGSG Y YLh c EG ah ..AHQCG e MGVe OG dG Gd f fCG MQU FYh ..dGh G JRH c EG dCSh jgG e OY id e OH Y G e a dHh ,cCG hCG GS KJ ,e ,SH S HdG G Q H Y e c ,HdG G IYe Y GVY jQS INEH JGAd Y jH e NCG c ,G YIYdG YL j Gfc jdG INEG H JJG Y dch fUY jQJfdG H fUY jQJh dGh H jOG IYG Y GVY jdG dGh

.fjdG L Ve e jH e fG c ,EH j X dG GDdGhYG ibCG iMEG jQJ SDe EG cGTG idG H GQheh jdG Lhie GP c fCG jH e Y j c e ?FGG jQJ jOG eSEGe e cCG dG QdG f e GPh ffGa c H ,jdG adG VGeQe e cCG Mj X dG GDdG Gg e ,djOGdG eSEG LdjjEG fe CG ,gh ,SSCG Va eCG dG j ,eSEG cG jN Y WEG Y

HG hCG PdG c dGh dG jGS WN M d NGO LGQOEG jHeSEG cG ShCG Y GH JM j c dG jH a ..Lf MCG eY IQOdG gMh ,SS jCG d MhQ Ib QYH SEG Y S e YSjFGG IQdG PfEG Y jCGh FGG SG LCG e AGdG d QYEG IOYEGOhG Lh ILh Y H eb dG fEG e dPh HT dG aGfEG ejL j e ja ,IN H Sj SCGj c dG bDG eG V HdGjW INCG g QNG eY cGTEG idG L jGQ ifG fCG ZdH Ggh

c d ,dG IH dG Y dSG dG H H MCG Y V G VQG,jG Y LCGh ,MGdG G f ebEH G dG ILh YL IQGH jfEG CG jH e QOCGh ,Y G Fb j VQj e c UCGh,IQdG Q J j H H MCG aQ Y jeH QGg fddG Ob dGc Y AdG e jeH CG H UN jQJjdh dG d J c HLdjjEG aWCGh jQdG gLh VQd TdG SdG IG OLhGG LdjjEG dG Y X jFGG CG jH e fG dh ..SdGh

ch ..dG CGdG Jh dG Y IQOb bNCG Ib QYH SEG f fGLHGfc jdG eSEG LMEG UM fCG Zda Gd ,GL dP Qj jeH QGg


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dG Yh e jMh ,hHdG dG e SdGh LdjjEG JLJ hjSGh eSEG dG e ebEG N e dPh SEH AYEH afi X SdG e G AdG L Ve eGb e d GG AG e ddH jdG jYdG

dG T MdG Yh ,YCG eSEG G SCGQ Y UCG dG M MCGH jH e Ad ch ..jdG hDd H a GjRhh HdG e SMhdG JM Gc Leh SM jdG eN AGOC FGG EG ALh fH j c..OGdH G e UCG gh ,hOhO OdG Y Yj dG Gg ch ,SdGhe dEG SG ,G jS c a aJ ,HdG dH ah , dG hOe cYJCGh S MCG dG N Y j c dG bQCG e Ie hC jHdG M H Y e He OdG Y ch ,dG fi SCGQ Yh IQCGG YL eQTdG N eeEG j CG jH e Y VY ,IdG J j CGHeh IQDH QTdG e UCG e YSh , SFQ j jH e c dGN Y fl jL N IQHh AH JY Y NCG dG jOGdG SEG Qd M e M RL EG QTdG e d ,dG G G GNEGd jhdGh OdH JG dG jL H PdG d jfh jQL cd jCG d,fd GFY FGG OdG Y QOZ eYh ..jdG FGG Fdh SEd jOe HZ e Lh bh NCG Gg ch ,HG e d jH e NHN dH ch UN d N fEG FdG d AcH Xhh Jeeh d

e UCG H T GHh jgL S YCG Ggh ,djOGQh GTe HdH Uh dG jeH N SS e jeGh NdG d M Ge QTdGILCG W e IG jQdG X ..jdGh Wd Gh eDG GN dhhdG LdG Gg jEG IQhV M J c fch YJ FdG e EG J eCGGa ,jPdG dG S e j jL H PdG d ,dG eCG Oj UCGdG M G Qd VGQ H j j fCGh UN ,e Zh Ge dP dYO Y dG U ,dM d N e Y NCG Gg c EGh M cGTEG

J b jH e CG hj ah ,FdG e j jCGh ,IjG Ldj jL H PdG CG d GhSCG jdG jgG eGb e baQ H N e dSdGjH e bCa ,dhdG SC IY M j e c e dG IN IN deSEG WT Y IQY gh G Y dG Y AfEG IjL Y YQhOh ,QG H fi V jOCJ H J MGQ H ,SdG eCG R jRGe,dhd HdG SDG H NGOh edG ceCGh FGG NG Vh IQYdGdG NGO G H aO e Ggh ,ILCG NGO GeJh bb dG Gg e QKCG

c M TdG fS IMh NGO ,HcCG 10 jQH jH e bJ dhfi EGjH e eY dH bJ dhfi AHh eCGh dG IMhSCGQ Y


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b e Me QYH jQSCG e dP Y VCGh ,jdG NO dHh hdG e gQSG EG djOGdG eSEG Sh ,QTdG H dG g aoYh ..eCGLe e ,WdG GdG ie Y iNCG Le h QTdG G N

..bh Sh ,"Qh Le h ,SH S Y H Yh bQCGh ,dGOdG ,GM dG eCG je id jgG e jH e aQ NJPdG j h ,jJh M OjEG LCG e GdG QdG Y Hfi c dG WdG d dG eCG hj Sj T Ggh ,jQ EG G IOYE SCH eOdG dG eCG LQh jH e H jS Ad fh WEGh VdH jgdd jYdG JWfUGd e Z JG N e fV e dG jCG JHN jQG FQ T TG dH hj CGh dG dH j CG HM bh NO dGh jdG GQSEG dEG J JEG Gg d ..GSFdG FGhO e HG dHh NGdG IQGRd HdG WdG eCd edG jjG V NjOGdG SEG Y N e WN J d K CG YG d ,VdG H dH GOGYGh Ib cCG MdG Y jL e jH e X CG H UN gVJG dG dG eCG de Te H Lg eY UdG FGH Le IYJTH dG dhG Obh ..jFGG T Y AGYGh GaCG Zh jdG SQe EG dG eCd jJ SH jL e jH e bd dG eCG decCG Me NdGh ,jd GO IOdG EG NCG GH aO e Ggh ,jH e CG

ebEG FdG aGgCG e ch G eSEG cG AfEG jQLh MjT jH e S dG SCdG H h ..G OG jW Y eSEG dhOdG V OG Y jH e YCG ,dG AMCGh LG jRJ SdPh jOG G cH dH AadG jFGG dWh ,SdG dG cGe AadG dW c ,1954 af IQK GgCG e fc dG eSEG dhdG ebEG LCG eY adH Je j e c QMh ,dG Y dG AdG LQh QdGh WdG LQSCdG dG b c j Je ch ,jJG OGY g Gh JZdGdG

GdG fi dG e ,jO T dG f Uh c ,G eSEG cdH PdG Oc WdG GNEGh JH fh SEG d fGh dG AHeSEG cd SCdG jdG e Y j gh dG IT e Y j CG jL,jH e H Uh dG SdG dGh UhCG J EG j gh ,GbU ie M f EG dG HJ HG jQe MCG j c Ie hC QhYdG fcQG Gg j ,Ije eCG H UCG fCch GHh ,Fahh eSEG, bh ,fie Y gX dGh ,e EG FdG YSG eY Ae SOdG GM

d Jah e Y IOdGh VdH hj Gfc fCG , GdJ CG ..YG g jJ GPeK !?..QGdG bh OVGh X e e fj Gfc NCG CG !?..jMh eCG e


34/44

PdG YCG !!?GdG fi dG e ,c Y T qd jH Gg j eQf TEG hjj e c hJ hHh IH J CG eCG d NCG AdG jL H

..FGG dG

cM Gcd TdGh jdG AdGh IYdH JJG e j CG jH e hM,ZU fGPCG j d ..M H Yh e SYh S MCGh hHdG H ehe YL EG AfG H Y dG dG M H Y dG dG e EGY Gh G jG d hdG SCJ jH e T jHa HhQ jeCG d jH fi hj NCG Y IOT h ..eRdG SCG

:a ,dG dG LCG e JG AGLEH CGHh QGa dM jH e UCG{bh ` e SYh S MCG dGh M H Yh f dG EG ..AdG e EGFbUCG e e dGh ..LG dG Y EGh dG dG EG CS fEGCGHh OGdG H H JG c ,e Y e Th ..G eGdG FGdGf Y MLh WT HV Y QdG jH WCG 1982 NGhCG jh ,Hb je H e 47 YG iLh ,L QfCG V eG ca jdG Y JY EG jH C ddG GdG h ..e jNBG 103 h ,1983 fL jGHh jOY d WdG c L G eSEG cG ebh ,GeCG dGL fG dG dH TCG g Y Y G jH cM cQh ,SCG

e Ge c Y ASEG hCG dG a ,1954 af hCG Y jdGY ,Ge MCG ,jH e a QTh 1982 af dP c ,L c ecG Wf e Sd IG G fch ,Gqa Yh GY jdG Y ,eQ dGPdG eM hCG jRdG e eS dhDe IY ZG J G eSEGhDGh jYe jdG fi jdG L M hDeh dG Y H MCG jL HjeH QGg Qe J EG aVEH ,jY dG hCG jdG MdG Y hCGeh SGQhCG ah FGG jdGh YGPEG eh jdG L M eh hdG

b fL 5 jQH fCG dMEG QGb AL SQ f Lh eh ..eG gG IjLedG HdG eCG e 47 gOY ,Y UdG FGH WdG Qd HdG HCG bG AGYEG g dG g j a dG JCG e Mh dhdG eCG Geh e jH W e Y HH GOfe G H ,1982 / 11 / 17 bGdG,QhG bG FdG cQdG Y JTTQ Qf GWCG jdG dG Y eQ Hh MCGJWf hCG CGH G gCG EG KdG UJh ..FKh bG ADg b eYfi jS d O 5000 e c jGQ gUY MCG a S dG jQdG gh 1979

iTGh efH H jH eQGdG QGhO EG fG CG NCG Gd ch ,TTQ bH AGT bj e jH c 1982 jaCG T EG 1981 S jGH H eh ,dG fi bH e


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iNCG YLEG aBGh jdc VhCG H Y dG EG a j jO ShQOjG QfCG H eh ,G J Y j e M Gj CG Y dG HheQ Hh MCG Geh fi OGe Hh OM YG fi SH G E

AGHGh .

ShQdG g hj Gfc jdG jdG fi QTh QOdG Y eh dG YedG OGh JH JGAd H fi SH ch e jH NG 1982 jaCG e:gDhYCGh MdG FGH IG hCG YG :dc GYRh jdG G AYCG eG Y IG fdG YGh fi OGe Hh jdG fi QTh fi SH

.dG Y eQ Hh fi jHh jH e gDhYCGh

:

(2) 8

23:23 2012 HcCG 21 ,MCG,H a dG JdGh fdG N jFGG GQSEG HdG HdG jj G eSEG cG eC cG eCG Gb f dG dG ON YjH ch ,d bdG ch ,G jT ej cQdG H 1987 dG e jGa 3eh ,(IdG j MV gh ,HS #ahdG) ,IQ"H IH EG dG b AdG hJ j

FdG jdG Y GQOb jH c AHQCG IH gh ,a fl c dG G..WdG jdG EG j dG jdG c QeCG e e H H Y SCG dGLdG e GY c ,iNCG FGdG flh QTCGh HdG X ,G Yhg ,Uh H IQTEG hj SCG M Gh ,G SdHh jdG IdHeSEG cG eCG e Y c dG MdG FS ,dG j GAVEG fc IQTEG,Ie ,dG AVCG K ,AH jdG J SEG OL e AGOdG dG GhCGQ ICa ,GjH MT UCG ,G c e jQdG dG fG FY ..Ge K ,Je

HV b dch ,jJ YG ch dGh jH b QdG Yh ,bQN UUH.WTdG dG CG ,2011 dG e jLCG He IeY W cP ,iNCG jGhQ hch ..YH YG M fi g GQSEG e hJh jH e Y fG j ch ,Y dG IGdG eh jH e e He eSEG Tf NCG Gge jO 16 eCG de W e Y dG AdEG CG EG FGG eSEG dhO ebEGgAGQh bh e CG j ,eO Z d j L ,jd VJ e Nh 1982 dG

jGR G e UCG aQ jH e QGR CGh S dG ,f fi dG gdG bh ch ,e eSEG jN AfEG EG dG jL e OS dG c


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M GY QUCG dG jL H Pd c L e a ,jQf H j fdG jL H PdG f j c jCG d ..1975 e dG e fc dG UdGhj Gfc jdG jHdG adG cG QfCGh jQdG e dG Y GOL c

b j CG Y Uj c fK L e gh ,JY jGH Pd dH LYREGjJ bCG Yh ,dG EG UdG j OG ghOb c dG eSEG cG eeSEG e OY jh ..SdG SEG YL dd Ie Me Y ASEG,YH YG H iL dG AdG CG ,JL jH e e He Gfc jdG,eCG de GOb jYQ h QfCG eCG f fi dGh jH e FSLQdHh SSCG e g G eSEG cG eCG Y j e CG ,QGG d c Hdch jeH N W e jYdG hj jdG eSEGh SEG hCGjQd jU IQTEG gh ,eSEGh SEG AGYCG EG e j d d jGH jEG Vj d S fCH YH Yd fV f e dh ,jHdG adG cG QfCGh..jH e AdG aGe Y H UN Ggh eCG de W e jejb c fCGh UN ,f fi dG H bG b j M fi CG hj ahhj CG Y IdG J jS fc dG cM HJ dG f fi e dcCG dEG j CG hO OYh ,YH YG M fi Y aCG g eh ..eCG de eM fi OaCG dh ,IdG FY Y Uj c dG jH e W e TjH CG j dG j h ,Hfl Yh jH J Y K e YH YG

gh IeY W b c gh ,eCG Gb EG GAVEH QTCG eY fN EG j bfL EG jL H PdG Y T K ,jH b GYEH Y M jdG MCG Ge gZh YH jdG Yh M MdG Yh e Qeh WT QOdG Yf Se Lh fH T eY jH e EG ,jH e e H dGe UUdG fG M SCGQ H JW OS CG eh FG jCGLh Uh ,dG

..jH e c dG MdG Y G c,eSEG IOdG e c b QhU KCG ,jH e aY dG jhSCG jdG EG

fh jH e e dG jdG SH dGh f fi dG H eh..eJEGh IG Y Z H Sj L Ggh ,G QG Y LGdHY a j M a g G dG f LdG c ,f dG f Sh bU e gj dHh ,dG f aO LCG e eSEd f H jHYc hdGh WdG dG CGdG EG J N e dPh LQCG e dGdGh jCdG GhLa G Le EG FGG GNEG IOb LQ bh ,HgQEGdPh ,e dG EG eSEG e H OhCG dG dG d GWj CG Y

M dG ,GfBG YR L e ,GNEG NGO IOe IGf j Y TGdG ZG ec EGh .. h ,GNEH GdGY ,jOe e a CGj fH Qj dG


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dG dG Nh ,edH UCG dG ZCG,jH e d CG ij NBG dGMUh ,idG jFGG IQdG g eGb e c jH C ,jFGG UdG YM AGT AHCG H H ,jFGG gPCG dY Gj Uf Sh ,f Ve

HGh eQCG ,dG M H MCG h ,fMh Yh jYH j c LQ Y jdGS GTY OhCG Sh ,jdG K IQO QLEG G e TCG S H d S cCGSDG Y fG dG VG ,jH e dG H fEG ,jG ebEG e ec

.1 HfEG dGY jW Ga cGfjObEG dG c dW bh ch ,jH LQ e gh ,ac MCG jhOGj ch ,YLEG aBG Y AdGh UEG jf c ,fdG e HQg f MCG jh ,ehbh aQ e Ggh MCG Qj CG hO Y AdGh d aNGeG YCG eCG jGH ,1990 jO ,HQG QG Ij IOdG H ac,e Qhd eG e e SfCG fAL ,YL e jS dh ,QGM AGLEG f Y

:ddG dG J WhT Y Ma1982 af 12 KEG Y GYG jdG eSEG GS WEG `1

LG dG dH IYd dG `2dG Y dG `3

dG Y AdGh `4GhCGQ d ..LCG L jCG e dh ,FGL g JRH dG dG c CG Y fOTh

QhH fCGh ,jdG SQh IdG EG hj L e dPh ..jJ WhT de bG h ,e j Y LCGh ,AHdGh dG Y SQeh ,MGG Ae HTCG,jFGG a d dG Gg TO dG fa ,"GhdG S EG INEG fL EGH j GT 27 Wh ,LBH aGdG ZCG a G FGG eCG ,aGdG d Vh

.a Hb c dG fGfdGG L e Ggh ,Ye KEG YJCGh jUe fl jQSCG IQU jH NCG dfCG ej MGdG G f Sh PfEG cM QX H ,1989 Y 15 ,Y

c Gdh ,eSEG dhO ebEG S hgh ehe fCG SSCG Y dG CGd15 Y Uh dh ..HgQEGh fdG Y LQN O eG adG UhSS jb jd SS IQhe O EGg e GaEG CG bdG d H Y GCG fOLCGh fCGh eGc HUCG dG TdG d YG f h iNCGH f CG dG IMdG SdGdG j Gd LG GaEG Gg YJ

:ddG dG J ,GaEG f Mh dG UFY 15 gOYh ,IFG dG UUH GS jdG AGdG Fd QYEG IOYEG `1

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Fd jJ c dGREH dPh jH b GS jdG INEG QYEG IOYEG `3c e dG g j e c j dG CGdG L dG ,Y Y SCGQ QeCG bh

..edH WdG SQe Y dG Y dhbH SQG e b UNh ,QhRh

dRe MGh HQbCGh Ff eM fGh Mh jJ jH QJ e c He `4ejdG IO H eJhL G OQh IQOG G L OQh ,HOCGh Oe ,QV d G jdG `5

..dG Mh dG Mh dG M a G f Sh 88 HcCG GMCG KEG QfGh IdH J jH YL fcjOdG Sc dG QSdG jJ Y YEG YCG dG SdG G ch ,MGdG G N qj CG dG GH Pd j jO HW GP SS GMCG OehjdG aCG jOG e eN V ZV bQc XJh eSEG Y fEGjdG jdG e FM V dc d HG jOdG ehj NBG EG GXe eCG f jH YL EG ..GQSEGh jdG SDG SCGQ Y GfcLCG e J dG G dG Y d JGQGYG J C e hCG ZQ jCG AGLCG geM IjL IYCG Y a Hh hj gUY e GMGh Gdh ,e dG AdEGh M jZ EG dG jf e YL H eb jdG dG VGe) TdG Gg j ..Tf T 600 `H hQj Gfc jdG gUYh gQfCG Yfc jH b CG (e e) ,1989 hCG 2 `d AGVCG Ij aQ aQ (IM

dG QGa J dG eYEG dG H UN dPh ,d dH M eCG jGH eZc eGU H Oa ,eCG f c hHdG d Lf L e Ggh jHf UGf CG Y T e Ggh ,JGP cG G CGh UTCG e cCG dGIdG f CG e a W dGh e jH dG YCG dG ddG OM dG NGdGjh ..eCG b e jOQ Gd e dG j H Sh c IYb dY CGH ddG hCG G bh G jJ HFb e e jH aQcG SJ Y NO Ggh ,1983 Y OhM AHQCG je INEH JEG

,GaCG S EG GNEG a b dG 22 `dG Ad H ddh ,TG JEGh dG j CG Gc Yh ,Ggh SCG H NBG dGh ,iQdH dG JjH M fc ..iG IH GgC Jh fi NGO J fEG ,GHCG ,jdHaCG Gdh ,FGG eSEG edh G EG G e eSEG dhdG IGf GMEGg O dG ASEG d J dG Y N VH de a hDe c CG dGe e UGj jGdG ..AdG Y VY H Ggh , CG Y a gMhY GH jS IQHh a dH e c H ,dGh dhdG LGe f f )

,Y bY EG gj J JQHh dG fLh eYh ,dG SGh dGYLh bDe hCG hDe e c SCGQ Yh We 10 EG FGG a N f qZ


39/44

,dG j jdG AcCG bOdG SdG Y dG Y CGJ jCG ,G J EG aGJJ dhDG ,dhDG df e Qf CG H eh ,cM gG jhdG CGh UN ,Z H f CG dG SdG QWEG Rhf H ,JGP M ag

JEGh AfEG Y Tf M a Vh dG WG IjL IM Tf CG e JKOM e edG SDG e GeCG Y ASEG M TdG f jh ,SdHg ,cM ,fc LCG L jC HQ CH cG CG cDhCG AH P OHf YINEG GYh ,UG d qe HdG c ZQ Wf ,H jFGL eSEG cMEG FGG J dCe MWh eCG J eY d ,JGg YJ JGdG GNCGhdG EG aO dG AdG ,EH f J G j Y QU ,MGfh WefLa ,f dG WG QGSEG d jh ,fQaCG f d j e Qe L gh baQ MCG H j c dG e GDWGHh dHh ,f d AdG SDebfG Y M T SdG YEG CG cG FYh c dGeCG Y dSGh cH,dG GeCG dh dhdG GeCG g GeCG g CG e c dh ,dG g ed ,VCG Y eh Jc J CG QG e c dh ..edG EG H J fC,dG dP Je GVj g EG dG Cdh ,cdG GeCG g c g dGH ,edGh WGG L e G NCf f ..dG d gjJ Y dhdG Cd KjU ihdGh ,dG g ,dG G ej pj h ,jM j dG QG e fNCGCG e e Vj Wd edG K Y dH j ah ,CdG Gg

IjL IYCG Y edG Y dG b baQ MCG Oj M ,eCG dG g hdG..a ,1990 HcCG 11 `H QDG gOY dPh PfEd eSEG G M d GYe Y MS e fc ,HJ L Y h ,1985 U d e eGO d dG g fc dh G eSEG cG AHCG e IU Y fMH jQdG efc fC ae VQe Ob fCG ,Ga j ,Y c ga ,OdG b eDG,HJ L Ib jb ,J IYh MJ ce H VJ ,d GQT SEG aJL ,QOdG Y ,G ,fi ,Ofi ,dG jH e gG ,WdG Gg HQh

S IM ,QdG Y ,S ..Y eEG ,Me ,G Y hCG ..HGQ ,dG e ,cHIMdG dG ,dG Y PGSEG ,AGS c Y GLG LQ (17) Y S ,Y,M EG G GAGLEGh dG e H b eH ..G dG j dGQdG bGj de Y AHQCG j GQhe ,I"H je U IOdG ce jQ GORe f e dK IQSh IL M "da f e jQ JQS e Yhe Gec IY H Yh I"H je EG UdG Yh UdG H e Y JQ ,"da JQS G cQh GORe IQS bhCG gh cdG bh edG K

fGNEG j Y c ,JOc jH e dG ch ,QW d h bd..G c dch ,jLh ,f OGSEG CG Y G CG e cCd


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:

(2) 8

18:47 2012 HcCG 23 ,AKdGjdG Y Fj EG dCG e edG K Y dG Y Y GTEH Jh Y H Ofi eCG ,dG NGO e dG H H dG c c S YG jYG b dG ahh ..LQN Jh dG JJ e dEG SCG aOL QY e c EG QGfEG eh JdG SCG bh SGG e SCG EG

...HGQ fih IN fih MCGhINCG dG gh HGdG dG fch .. j HCG YG IOdG MU jhYh U HGQ e ,c e fe fch ,SCG T dCe JY Y NCG dGbJ jM Ne EG Uhh I"H je fLG eYh ..e eh WT QOdGeCG ..dG bG hdG b INCG JdG CGH eh eGG L b YGfc e Qeh TTQ j c jH e CG Md a SG dG FSdGbH ch ,Se Qe jdG Yh QY Ofi e c SJh U bH JRH,jM e eh ,SCG eh ee e ,dG RE QhdG OdG j AYCG Y fCG cCd YG j jH e c ..HCG dG NBG dG MhCG hCG e W M ,M MdG Yh H dG e c EG Ld ,OGSEGd IQTEG YCG K G N e GhcCd IOdG db KdG Uhh LG f jH K ,G G e (Ge 30 GM) bGG ce e He Y GUCG M iNCG IeLa ,dG c dP H eh dN e QhG Yd d SCG b dPNGO G ..SGGh QGfEG eh SCG H G dG gNBG ,NBG JJ SGG ce e dHh ,dd g dG dG N e GHJ eH dGL fGNEG jH qcPh AedG bGQEG H YG cJ M (fEG S) M

,WdG ce f H LJ K (G Y ca eY GPEGh) J db Jh OGSEHLGQOCG OYCG GQYe N eH NCG Gg d ,jj aH YH YG dh"H eCG MG ddG dG UY a ,GUfi bGG ce c bh ,NQU NGdG f

.ehe XCG dG dh"H GYe SGG J e cG bH SGM N G bh ,e REG e Gj M HV EG INEG H VGdG SG QdG ce H dG NGO e KG QGa EG YG Jh ,dh"H aYG bH eCGh ,dG SG QdG ce U LdH j jdG Y jH eCG M

YT dP Hh ,UUQ W S EGh M AT EG dG hO Y J CH,Seh TTQ H b 500 J fc M SCG aZ Iaf c GHCG


41/44

:j e T dN ,SCG T e dG c hJ Hh56 ef e OH 10

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e

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f a f e j EGh MCG e NCj a f e c EG dG Gg CH.H MG

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G jCGQ M Rh dG jH Y IH d NCG AdG YCG ,edGEG j jdG SDG HG gh jL H PdG c a ..G edGh MCGe NGdG IQGRh J jRGe IH LGd GQSEG RL SSCGh dG aXCG J

V HM d dSdG eCG GOdG J ,fK L e WdG QdG RL h ,LMdG Fb jY da ,eCG ILCG H YGH G g d ,gQEGIY T FGdG Y j c dG WdG Qd Jj j dGh hCG jdGfa jH YL be V WdG QdG Gb e dG hO Qb SHh JGdGIjL M fh ,e GdG Lh cQdG e N b H ,KQc dGgh ,cQO N OSGhCG U Y 1987 HcCG 27 jQH eG gGIOQe e eCG Gb c jH YL j Y gQEG HQfi LGh hODjdG Qe jdG Yh IgR H HGQ e gUY e OY Y AdGh jH YLYh jZ dG Yh IN jdG Qfh Y H Ofih Mhe IFW e jQf W Jj OdG J dh ..cH Lh Me jdG Yh JGdG eCGh j jdGd dhDG e GOY YO H ,jH e YG SCGQ e eY AGdGMCG cjh fWdH WdG SQe EG f h UUdG bNG dG L Yj OdG IYO aQ T e WdG QdG Fb CG jd hCG YG Gejf Y eG gG IjL YCG eHh SCG Gg e FSG Y H YCGhdGh ,eCG GOdG H gL bDe nn nN EGh cG CGJ ,jH YL SHc

e OYh e SYh IQCGG YL GS WEG a ,dG jGS NGO YQGc ddG V ch ,Y HH eG G GMCG GWQJ jdG eSEGH G Y M dh ,WdG eCd edG jjH XG MCG j Y b dG GeCGGfBG bGG YGh ,jW Z bh H T jL H PdG Y CG EG Gaf S GSe YS jH YL KMCG dG RhdH b bd YfG dG jL H PdG CGdGh M FcQ WJ LCG e dPh d eSEG c QGUEG Y cNGO OLh d GNEG QJ jL H PdG T g eh ..iNCG SFQ Gd

jFGG G GNEG Yd YCGh ,jHdGh jdG SDG NGO jCGh G,faCG OG EG dG f dG d eCG SDe e DWGdH dPhRGJ N LCG e dPh bdG SEG IOY jL H PdG T a K U YhQGg gOL dG bdGh adG GQdG e Od QYEG IOYEG a ,jdG G NGO,SdG SDG NGOh G NGO JRH c dG PdG eh J e jeHW e SSh eh Oe YH fdGh jdGh fMdG e bW UCaFY dEG J dG jhGdG UCGh ,eCG SDG W e jCG d SFdG SDe

FGhdG ASDhQ J dGh G S d M V Ib jL H PdG FdG M..eCG SDG NGO dG bJ h jdG SDG NGO QOGdG bJ h IdGh


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YL e eSEd S c ..jObEGh jQdG jQG UCG eCG G a hd dGh dG fi SCGj ch QG AdG e L Gj CG IQCGGJh jCH G g fch dG Y IdG eSEG QaCG d Ib EG

jRh EG bS dG j OdG ,jL H PdG FdG e G LdG W eHh H S dG LGG e ZdH Ggh eSEG d ,H a NGdjL H PdG W e jU J Lh M Ib Gj CG dG e Ld IGOCc jCG d V bQc H MEG EG JGP bdG h Y j c dGch ,SdG Gh VdG GQJ Y S Ff J eU GMEG hO dGc b AVSG EG SSCG j T MdG Y e AdG L e d JX bh ,WdG jdG L d jdG EG GNG dSCG e SCGh eSEG eNGO eSEG G J SM X eY ITe HcCG GMCG H L dPSCGQ Y S dG OH jdG Y FQ T WdG jdG LTCG H a S dGh jL H PdG eM dG jRh U h ,dGG e S G IjL ,dM d c dh ,PfEd eSEG G e HbY OMh OdG gf dG WdG dhdG Y jc eSEG dhdG MhWC J dG IQG Je iMEG jL H PdG eM dG jRh j SEG jW,U Z dSCGdGh cGTEG ,LdjjEG fc GPEGh 25 OY G IjLSEG Z FGG d j dh a ,SaEG Y a G T id de h

LQ Y H Wh jFdGh HG SdG MdG Y dG J PEGh ,Sh ea LdG S fBGb cJ OH gh eDG eSEG QG hG j,J ch L WdG ALQCG Y j dG G dG EG OOJ H G QfCGeSEG G Z dG ij dG OJ e eC jOG idG L jee Qb fCG d ,jOG dSQ AGOC ec bGe GP dSQ cc PfEddG AY gZ EG dEG ce ,jQJ FW ,Gg fH ,Gg eR J G Qb

...dG

dM e j GMGQ jdG eN jJ PdG SG jH O Y AdHe jedG jfh M jjCG Y S jdG eSEd M UCG QYH YTEGeDG FdG d f Y WCG dG GOdG QfCG fi G Fd dP MdG FdG aGgCG MCG c dGh MfEG M e eSEG jCG WCG eYgCG Y gh JQTEG gQ GUCG eSEG CG jL H PdG bGh ..jUdG cdG eU Y LG dPh dG MUEG Me g ,jQLh IjL Me EG fEG%40 H V H JGQOU e RdGh hdG G FGG NGe VfG NBG

.1

bG NdG e jJ QhO GQe N e dhdG IO

f YdG QKCG e YS H jL H PdG jj c dG IdH QdG Gg EG


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jL H PdG W e YO Lh fCG ZdHh Xj Pf CGH dG jdG L LQY dG e j dP CG EG jeH QGg b e LEGh QMG e b fQHGUCG jdG eSEGh jL H PdG H G Zh TdG G Gg e FSG

fi ch jdG L NQU j FdGh SdG dG Y jJGSG Ac eSEG Y gdG f jL H PdG e hj jYe jdGHY `H UG JL j c jdG MUEG Y e AdG Qe EGHdG j jY QYH SdG jL H PdG aK dV EGh QGTCGU g eh jG QaCG ehe Y IQOdG Z T V EGh dGch SdHfi Gh VdG GSc MU M IQdG jH jYe jT fiS ,e T OGYE e Y j ej ch ,b LQ EG LHFGG CG LN

.d SOdG DG jPdG IY G e GPEG eSEG CG Qj jdG gh jYe jdG fi c dCG GcG e GPEG GVj d fCGh ,GM T J d S SdG MdG EG dGH jeH QGg gZ eY dP jQdG b e IFG H jjCG H gGde dG eY jYe jdG fi cCG e Ggh ..dG e LGNEG HIdG Ge GU j CG a eY Yhfl jGdG e c PdG CG bh ,1994 YjdG fi Ojh ,IYG eSEG Ib Y OYEH fdG jh UN ddW MCG QcdG hCG LQdH Y SQe dG GKCdG EG PdG GfG jYe

G SEG f LdG Sfi Pd jj dG gGHEG dG dG HG gGHEGfi j ,fdG LQdH JCjh ,jHdGh jQdG adG Qe e dG b Ghc dG ThM Ode dG dG SCGQ Yh MUEG IeR ,jYe jdG..d c SG iG Y d j ch YCG H jL H PdG a jM cT jL H PdG S dG dG f CG jYe jdG fi jhH PdG eM FQ ,ThM Ode SEH fCG YG eY jCG e SddGh dG M Y eSEGh PdG H ddG j CG jL

..eSEGh PdG ,KEG jf fc ,jYe jTY IMG

Years of CHadly

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