Yearbook of the International Law Commission 2011 - Volume I · YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW...

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Volume I

United Nations publication Sales No. E.16.V.1 ISSN 0082-8289

Printed at United Nations, Geneva – 1810752 (E) – May 2018 – 578

ISBN 978-92-1-133842-3

UNITED NATIONS

A/CN.4/SER.A/2011

YEARBOOKOF THE

INTERNATIONALLAW COMMISSION

Summary recordsof the meetings

of the sixty-third session26 April–3 June and

4 July–12 August 2011

2011Volume I

UNITED NATIONSNew York and Geneva, 2018

A/CN.4/SER.A/2011

YEARBOOKOF THE

INTERNATIONALLAW COMMISSION

Summary recordsof the meetings

of the sixty-third session26 April–3 June and

4 July–12 August 2011

2011Volume I

NOTE

Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.

References to the Yearbook of the International Law Commission are abbreviated to Yearbook …, followed by the year (for example, Yearbook … 2011).

The Yearbook for each session of the International Law Commission comprises two volumes:

Volume I: summary records of the meetings of the session;

Volume II (Part One): reports of special rapporteurs and other documents considered during the session;

Volume II (Part Two): report of the Commission to the General Assembly.

All references to these works and quotations from them relate to the final printed texts of the volumes of the Yearbook issued as United Nations publications.

*

* *

This volume contains the summary records of the meetings of the sixty-third session of the Commission (A/CN.4/SR.3080–A/CN.4/SR.3127), with the corrections requested by members of the Commission and such editorial changes as were considered necessary.

A/CN.4/SER.A/2011

UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION

Sales No. E.16.V.1ISBN 978-92-1-133842-3

e-ISBN 978-92-1-057703-8

ISSN 0082-8289

iii

CONTENTS

Page Page

Note............................................................................................ iiMembers of the Commission .................................................. xiiiOfficers ...................................................................................... xiiiAgenda ...................................................................................... xivAbbreviations ........................................................................... xvNote concerning quotations .................................................... xviCases cited in the present volume .......................................... xviiMultilateral instruments cited in the present volume ......... xxiChecklist of documents of the sixty-third session ............... xxv

SUMMARY RECORDS OF THE 3080th TO 3127th MEETINGS

Summary records of the first part of the sixty-third session, held at Geneva from 26 April to 3 June 2011

3080th meetingTuesday, 26 April 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Opening of the session ......................................................... 1Tribute to the memory of Ms. Paula Escarameia, former

member of the Commission ............................................. 1Statement by the Outgoing Chairperson .............................. 1Election of officers ............................................................... 2Adoption of the agenda ........................................................ 2Reservations to treaties ......................................................... 2Organization of the work of the session .............................. 3Responsibility of international organizations ....................... 3

Eighth report of the Special Rapporteur .......................... 3Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 7

3081st meetingWednesday, 27 April 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Tribute to the memory of Ms. Paula Escarameia, former

member of the Commission (continued) .......................... 7Responsibility of international organizations (continued) ... 8

Eighth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 8Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 15

3082nd meetingThursday, 28 April 2011, at 10 a.m.Filling of a casual vacancy in the Commission (article 11 of

the statute) ........................................................................ 15Responsibility of international organizations (continued) ... 15

Eighth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 15

3083rd meetingTuesday, 3 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Responsibility of international organizations (continued) ... 24


3084th meetingThursday, 5 May 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Filling of a casual vacancy in the Commission (article 11 of

the statute) (continued) ..................................................... 26Responsibility of international organizations (continued) ... 26


3085th meetingFriday, 6 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 32Responsibility of international organizations (continued) ... 32

Eighth report of the Special Rapporteur (concluded) ...... 32

3086th meetingTuesday, 10 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-

diction ............................................................................... 37Second report of the Special Rapporteur ......................... 37

3087th meetingThursday, 12 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-

diction (continued) ........................................................... 46Second report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ...... 46

3088th meetingFriday, 13 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-

diction (continued) ........................................................... 59Second report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ...... 59

3089th meetingTuesday, 17 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Filling of a casual vacancy in the Commission (article 11 of

the statute) (concluded) .................................................... 73Effects of armed conflicts on treaties ................................... 73

Report of the Drafting Committee ................................... 73Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 82

3090th meetingFriday, 20 May 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Reservations to treaties (continued) ..................................... 82

Report of the Working Group on reservations to treaties ... 82Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 86

3091st meetingTuesday, 24 May 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Expulsion of aliens ............................................................... 86

Sixth report of the Special Rapporteur ............................... 86Tribute to the memory of Ms. Paula Escarameia, former

member of the Commission (concluded) ......................... 90

3092nd meetingWednesday, 25 May 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Expulsion of aliens (continued) ............................................ 90

Sixth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ............ 90Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 95Statement by the Under-Secretary-General for Legal

Affairs, United Nations Legal Counsel ............................ 95

3093rd meetingThursday, 26 May 2011, at 10.05 a.m.Expulsion of aliens (continued) ........................................... 105

Sixth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ............ 105

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3094th meetingFriday, 27 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Expulsion of aliens (continued) ............................................ 110

Sixth report of the Special Rapporteur (concluded) ......... 110Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 122

3095th meetingTuesday, 31 May 2011, at 10 a.m.Other business ...................................................................... 123

Peaceful settlement of disputes ........................................ 123Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 129

3096th meetingWednesday, 1 June 2011, at 10 a.m.Other business (concluded) .................................................. 130

Peaceful settlement of disputes (concluded) .................... 130

3097th meetingFriday, 3 June 2011, at 10 a.m.Responsibility of international organizations (concluded) ... 134

Report of the Drafting Committee ................................... 134Organization of the work of the session (continued) ........... 151

Summary records of the second part of the sixty-third session, held at Geneva from 4 July to 12 August 2011

3098th meetingMonday, 4 July 2011, at 3 p.m.Tribute to the memory of Mr. Constantin Economides,

former member of the Commission ................................. 153Tribute to the memory of Mr. Francis Mahon Hayes, former

member of the Commission ............................................. 153Expulsion of aliens (continued) ............................................ 153

Seventh report of the Special Rapporteur ........................ 153

3099th meetingWednesday, 6 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Reservations to treaties (continued) ..................................... 155

Seventeenth report of the Special Rapporteur .................. 155

3100th meetingThursday, 7 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Cooperation with other bodies ............................................. 158

Statement by the President of the International Court of Justice ........................................................................... 158

3101st meetingFriday, 8 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Cooperation with other bodies (continued) .......................... 165

Statement by the Chairperson of the Committee of Legal Advisers on Public International Law .......................... 165

Statement by the Director of Legal Advice and Public International Law, Council of Europe; Jurisconsult ..... 166

Draft report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session .......................................... 169

Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties .......................... 169 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session .... 169 1. Definitions .................................. 169 1.1 Definition of reservations ........... 169 1.1.1 Statements purporting to limit

the obligations of their author .... 171

3102nd meetingMonday, 11 July 2011, at 3 p.m.Protection of persons in the event of disasters ..................... 172

Report of the Drafting Committee ................................... 172Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur .......................... 172

3103rd meetingTuesday, 12 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Protection of persons in the event of disasters (continued) .... 182

Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 182Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ......................... 189 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 189 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 189 1.1.1 Statements purporting to limit

the obligations of their author (concluded) ................................ 189

1.1.2 Statements purporting to discharge an obligation by equivalent means ........................ 190

1.1.3 Reservations relating to the ter-ritorial application of a treaty ..... 190

1.1.4 Reservations formulated when extending the territorial applica-tion of a treaty ............................ 191

3104th meetingWednesday, 13 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Protection of persons in the event of disasters (continued) .... 191

Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 191Reservations to treaties (continued) ........................................ 196

Seventeenth report of the Special Rapporteur (con-tinued) ........................................................................... 196

Draft report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session (continued) ......................... 198

Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 198 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 198 1.1.5 Reservations formulated jointly ... 199 1.1.6 Reservations formulated by

virtue of clauses expressly authorizing the exclusion or the modification of certain provi-sions of the treaty ....................... 199

1.2 Definition of interpretative dec-larations ...................................... 199

3105th meetingThursday, 14 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Protection of persons in the event of disasters (continued) .... 201

Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 201Organization of the work of the session (continued) .............. 209

3106th meetingFriday, 15 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Reservations to treaties (continued) ........................................ 209

Seventeenth report of the Special Rapporteur (con-cluded) ................................................................... 209


Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 214 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 215 1.2.1 Interpretative declarations formu-

lated jointly ................................... 215 1.3 Distinction between reservations

and interpretative declarations ..... 215 1.3.1 Method of determining the dis-

tinction between reservations and interpretative declarations ............ 215

1.3.2 Phrasing and name ....................... 216

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1.3.3 Formulation of a unilateral statement when a reservation is prohibited ...................................... 216

1.4 Conditional interpretative dec-larations ........................................ 216

3107th meetingMonday, 18 July 2011, at 3 p.m.Tribute to the memory of Mr. Francisco Villagrán Kramer,

former member of the Commission .................................... 217Protection of persons in the event of disasters (continued) .... 218

Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (concluded) ...... 218Organization of the work of the session (concluded) ........... 220

3108th meetingWednesday, 20 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Cooperation with other bodies (continued) ............................. 220

Statement by the representative of the Inter-American Juridical Committee ..................................................... 220

3109th meetingThursday, 21 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ......................... 223 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 223 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 223 1.4 Conditional interpretative dec-

larations (concluded) .................. 223 1.5 Unilateral statements other than

reservations and interpretative declarations ................................ 223

1.5.1 Statements of non-recognition ... 224 1.5.2 Statements concerning modalities

of implementation of a treaty at the internal level .......................... 224

1.5.3 Unilateral statements made under a clause providing for options ..... 224

1.6 Unilateral statements in respect of bilateral treaties...................... 225

1.6.1 “Reservations” to bilateral treat-ies ............................................... 225

1.6.2 Interpretative declarations in re-spect of bilateral treaties ............ 225

1.6.3 Legal effect of acceptance of an interpretative declaration made in respect of a bilateral treaty by the other party ............................ 225

1.7 Alternatives to reservations and interpretative declarations .......... 226

1.7.1 Alternatives to reservations........ 226 1.7.2 Alternatives to interpretative

declarations ................................ 227 1.8 Scope of definitions.................... 227 2. Procedure ................................... 227 2.1 Form and notification of reser-

vations ........................................ 227 2.1.1 Form of reservations .................. 227 2.1.2 Statement of reasons for reser-

vations ........................................ 227 2.1.3 Representation for the purpose

of formulating a reservation at the international level ................. 228

2.1.4 Absence of consequences at the international level of the violation of internal rules regarding the formulation of reservations ......... 228

2.1.5 Communication of reservations ... 229 2.1.6 Procedure for communication of

reservations ................................ 229

2.1.7 Functions of depositaries ........... 230 2.2 Confirmation of reservations...... 230 2.2.1 Formal confirmation of reser-

vations formulated when signing a treaty ........................................ 230

2.2.2 Instances of non-requirement of confirmation of reservations for-mulated when signing a treaty ... 230

2.2.3 Reservations formulated upon signature when a treaty expressly so provides ................................... 230

2.2.4 Form of formal confirmation of reservations ................................ 230

2.3 Late formulation of reservations 230 2.3.1 Acceptance of the late formula-

tion of a reservation ................... 231 2.3.2 Time period for formulating an

objection to a reservation that is formulated late ........................... 231

2.3.3 Limits to the possibility of excluding or modifying the legal effect of a treaty by means other than reservations ........................ 232

3110th meetingFriday, 22 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ......................... 232 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 232 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 232 2.3.3 Limits to the possibility of

excluding or modifying the legal effect of a treaty by means other than reservations (continued) ..... 232

2.3.4 Widening of the scope of a reser-vation.......................................... 232

2.4 Procedure for interpretative dec-larations ...................................... 233

2.4.1 Form of interpretative declara-tions ............................................ 233

2.4.2 Representation for the purpose of formulating interpretative declarations ................................ 233

2.4.3 Absence of consequences at the international level of the violation of internal rules re-garding the formulation of inter-pretative declarations ................. 233

2.4.4 Time at which an interpretative declaration may be formulated... 233

2.4.5 Communication of interpretative declarations ................................ 234

2.4.6 Non-requirement of confirma-tion of interpretative declara-tions formulated when signing a treaty .......................................... 234

2.4.7 Late formulation of an inter-pretative declaration ................... 234

2.4.8 Modification of an interpretative declaration .................................. 234

2.5 Withdrawal and modification of reservations and interpretative declarations ................................ 235

2.5.1 Withdrawal of reservations ........ 235 2.5.2 Form of withdrawal.................... 235 2.5.3 Periodic review of the usefulness

of reservations ............................ 235 2.5.4 Representation for the purpose

of withdrawing a reservation at the international level ................. 235

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2.5.5 Absence of consequences at the international level of the violation of internal rules regarding the withdrawal of reservations .......... 235

2.5.6 Communication of withdrawal of a reservation ........................... 236

2.5.7 Effects of withdrawal of a reser-vation.......................................... 236

2.5.8 Effective date of withdrawal of a reservation .................................. 236

2.5.9 Cases in which the author of a reservation may set the effective date of withdrawal of the reservation .................................. 236

2.5.10 Partial withdrawal of a reser-vation.......................................... 236

2.5.11 Effect of a partial withdrawal of a reservation ............................... 236

2.5.12 Withdrawal of interpretative declarations ................................ 237

2.6 Formulation of objections .......... 237 2.6.1 Definition of objections to reser-

vations ........................................ 237 2.6.2 Right to formulate objections..... 238 2.6.3 Author of an objection ............... 238 2.6.4 Objections formulated jointly .... 238 2.6.5 Form of objections ..................... 239 2.6.6 Right to oppose the entry into

force of the treaty vis-à-vis the author of the reservation ............ 239

2.6.7 Expression of intention to preclude the entry into force of the treaty..................................... 239

2.6.8 Procedure for the formulation of objections ................................... 239

2.6.9 Statement of reasons for objec-tions ............................................ 239

2.6.10 Non-requirement of confirma-tion of an objection formulated prior to formal confirmation of a reservation .................................. 239

2.6.11 Requirement of confirmation of an objection formulated prior to the expression of consent to be bound by a treaty ........................ 240

2.6.12 Time period for formulating objections ................................... 240

2.6.13 Objections formulated late ......... 240 2.7 Withdrawal and modification of

objections to reservations ........... 240 2.7.1 Withdrawal of objections to

reservations ................................ 240 2.7.2 Form of withdrawal of objections

to reservations ............................... 240 2.7.3 Formulation and communication

of the withdrawal of objections to reservations ............................ 240

2.7.4 Effect on reservation of with-drawal of an objection ................ 240

2.7.5 Effective date of withdrawal of an objection ................................ 241

2.7.6 Cases in which the author of an objection may set the effective date of withdrawal of the objection ..................................... 241

2.7.7 Partial withdrawal of an objec-tion ............................................. 241

2.7.8 Effect of a partial withdrawal of an objection ................................ 241

2.7.9 Widening of the scope of an objection to a reservation ........... 241

2.8 Formulation of acceptances of reservations ................................ 241

2.8.1 Forms of acceptance of reserva-tions ............................................ 241

2.8.2 Tacit acceptance of reservations 242 2.8.3 Express acceptance of reserva-

tions ............................................ 242

2.8.4 Form of express acceptance of reservations ................................ 242

2.8.5 Procedure for formulating ex-press acceptance of reservations 242

2.8.6 Non-requirement of confirma-tion of an acceptance formulated prior to formal confirmation of a reservation .................................. 242

2.8.7 Unanimous acceptance of reser-vations ........................................ 242

2.8.8 Acceptance of a reservation to the constituent instrument of an international organization .......... 242

2.8.9 Organ competent to accept a reservation to a constituent instrument .................................. 242

2.8.10 Modalities of the acceptance of a reservation to a constituent in-strument...................................... 242

2.8.11 Acceptance of a reservation to a constituent instrument that has not yet entered into force ........... 243

2.8.12 Reaction by a member of an international organization to a reservation to its constituent instrument .................................. 243

2.8.13 Final nature of acceptance of a reservation .................................. 243

2.9 Formulation of reactions to interpretative declarations .......... 243

2.9.1 Approval of an interpretative declaration .................................. 243

2.9.2 Opposition to an interpretative declaration .................................. 243

2.9.3 Recharacterization of an inter-pretative declaration ................... 243

2.9.4 Right to formulate approval or opposition, or to recharacterize .. 243

2.9.5 Form of approval, opposition and recharacterization ................ 243

2.9.6 Statement of reasons for ap-proval, opposition and rechar-acterization ................................. 243

2.9.7 Formulation and communication of approval, opposition or rechar - acterization ................................. 243

2.9.8 Non-presumption of approval or opposition ................................... 244

2.9.9 Silence with respect to an inter-pretative declaration ................... 244

3111th meetingMonday, 25 July 2011, at 3 p.m.The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut

judicare) ........................................................................... 244Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur .......................... 244

Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-diction (continued) ........................................................... 249Third report of the Special Rapporteur ............................ 249

3112th meetingTuesday, 26 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Cooperation with other bodies (concluded) ......................... 251

Statement by the Secretary-General of the Asian–African Legal Consultative Organization .................................. 251

The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare) (continued) ........................................................ 255Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 255

3113th meetingWednesday, 27 July 2011, at 10 a.m.The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut

judicare) (continued) ........................................................ 263

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Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ....... 263Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-

diction (continued) ........................................................... 266Third report of the Special Rapporteur (continued) ......... 266

3114th meetingThursday, 28 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-


Reservations to treaties (concluded) .................................... 281Report of the Working Group on reservations to treaties

(concluded) ................................................................... 281Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-


3115th meetingFriday, 29 July 2011, at 10 a.m.Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal juris-

diction (concluded) .......................................................... 285Third report of the Special Rapporteur (concluded) ........ 285

3116th meetingTuesday, 2 August 2011, at 10 a.m.The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut

judicare) (concluded) ....................................................... 290Fourth report of the Special Rapporteur (concluded) ...... 290

Protection of persons in the event of disasters (concluded) ... 292Report of the Drafting Committee (concluded) ............... 292


Chapter VI. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties ..... 294 A. Introduction ............................................ 294 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 294 C. Recommendation of the Commission .... 294 D. Tribute to the Special Rapporteur .......... 294 E. Text of the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties ..................... 294 1. Text of the draft articles ......................... 294 2. Text of the draft articles with commen- taries thereto ........................................... 295

Part One. Scope and definitions .......... 295Article 1. Scope ................................... 295Article 2. Definitions ........................... 295Part Two. Principles ............................ 295Chapter I. Operation of treaties in the

event of armed conflicts ................... 295Article 3. General principle ................ 296Article 4. Provisions on the operation

of treaties .......................................... 297Article 5. Application of rules on

treaty interpretation ......................... 297Article 6. Factors indicating whether

a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension ................. 297

Article 7. Continued operation of treaties resulting from their subject matter ............................................... 297

Chapter II. Other provisions relevant to the operation of treaties ................ 297

Article 8. Conclusion of treaties during armed conflict ................................... 297

Article 9. Notification of intention to terminate or withdraw from a treaty or to suspend its operation ............... 298

3117th meetingThursday, 4 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 298

Chapter VI. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties (continued) ............................................. 298 E. Text of the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties (concluded) .. 298 2. Text of the draft articles with com- mentaries thereto (concluded) ................ 298

Article 6. Factors indicating whether a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension (con-cluded) .............................................. 298

Article 9. Notification of intention to terminate or withdraw from a treaty or to suspend its operation (concluded) ....................................... 299

Article 10. Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty ................................................. 299

Article 11. Separability of treaty pro-visions ............................................... 299

Article 12. Loss of the right to terminate or withdraw from a treaty or to suspend its operation ............... 299

Article 13. Revival or resumption of treaty relations subsequent to an armed conflict ................................... 299

Part Three. Miscellaneous ................... 299Article 14. Effect of the exercise of the

right to self-defence on a treaty ........ 299Article 15. Prohibition of benefit to an

aggressor State ................................. 300Article 16. Decisions of the Security

Council ............................................. 300Article 17. Rights and duties arising

from the laws of neutrality ................ 300Article 18. Other cases of termination,

withdrawal or suspension ................. 301Annex. Indicative list of treaties

referred to in draft article 7 .............. 301 C. Recommendation of the Commission (continued) ............................................... 304

3118th meetingFriday, 5 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 305 Chapter VI. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties (concluded) ............................................ 305 C. Recommendation of the Commission (concluded) ............................................... 305 Chapter V. Responsibility of international organizations ................................................... 305 A. Introduction ............................................ 305 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 305 C. Recommendation of the Commission .... 305 D. Tribute to the Special Rapporteur .......... 305 E. Text of the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations .... 305 1. Text of the draft articles ......................... 305 2. Text of the draft articles and the com- mentaries thereto .................................... 305

Part One. Introduction ......................... 306Article 1. Scope of the present draft

articles .............................................. 306Article 2. Use of terms ........................ 306Part Two. The internationally wrong-

ful act of an international organiza-tion .................................................... 307

Chapter I. General principles .............. 307Article 3. Responsibility of an inter-

national organization for its inter-nationally wrongful acts ................... 307

Article 4. Elements of an inter-nationally wrongful act of an inter-national organization ....................... 307

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Article 5. Characterization of an act of an international organization as internationally wrongful ................... 307

Chapter II. Attribution of conduct to an international organization ............ 307

Article 6. Conduct of organs or agents of an international organization ....... 307

Article 7. Conduct of organs of a State or organs or agents of an international organization placed at the disposal of another international organization ...................................... 308

Article 8. Excess of authority or contravention of instructions ............ 308

Article 9. Conduct acknowledged and adopted by an international organ-ization as its own .............................. 308

Chapter III. Breach of an international obligation .......................................... 309

Article 10. Existence of a breach of an international obligation .................... 309

Article 11. International obligation in force for an international organiza-tion .................................................... 309

Article 12. Extension in time of the breach of an international obliga-tion .................................................... 309

Article 13. Breach consisting of a composite act .................................... 309

Chapter IV. Responsibility of an inter-national organization in connection with the act of a State or another international organization ................. 309

Article 14. Aid or assistance in the commission of an internationally wrongful act ...................................... 309

Article 15. Direction and control ex-ercised over the commission of an internationally wrongful act ............. 309

Article 16. Coercion of a State or an-other international organization ...... 309

Article 17. Circumvention of an inter-national obligation through deci-sions and authorizations addressed to members ....................................... 309

Article 18. Responsibility of an inter-national organization member of another international organization .. 309

Article 19. Effect of this Chapter ........ 309Chapter V. Circumstances precluding

wrongfulness .................................... 310Article 20. Consent.............................. 310Article 21. Self-defence ....................... 310Article 22. Countermeasures ............... 310Article 23. Force majeure .................... 310Article 24. Distress .............................. 310Article 25. Necessity............................ 310Article 26. Compliance with peremp-

tory norms ........................................ 310Article 27. Consequences of invoking

a circumstance precluding wrongful-ness ................................................... 310

Part Three. Content of the interna-tional responsibility of an inter-national organization ........................ 310

Chapter I. General principles .............. 310Article 28. Legal consequences of an

internationally wrongful act ............. 310Article 29. Continued duty of per-

formance ........................................... 310Article 30. Cessation and non-repeti-

tion .................................................... 310Article 31. Reparation ......................... 311Article 32. Relevance of the rules of

the organization ................................ 311

Article 33. Scope of international obligations set out in this Part ................ 311

Chapter II. Reparation for injury ........ 311Article 34. Forms of reparation .......... 311Article 35. Restitution ......................... 311Article 36. Compensation.................... 311Article 37. Satisfaction ........................ 311Article 38. Interest ............................... 311Article 39. Contribution to the injury ... 311Article 40. Ensuring the fulfilment of

the obligation to make reparation .... 311Chapter III. Serious breaches of obli-

gations under peremptory norms of general international law .................. 311

Article 41. Application of this Chapter ... 311Article 42. Particular consequences of a

serious breach of an obligation under this Chapter ......................................... 311

Part Four. The implementation of the international responsibility of an international organization ................. 311

Chapter I. Invocation of the respon-sibility of an international organ-ization ............................................... 311

Article 43. Invocation of responsibility by an injured State or international organization ...................................... 311

Article 44. Notice of claim by an in-jured State or international organ-ization ............................................... 312

Article 45. Admissibility of claims ...... 312Article 46. Loss of the right to invoke

responsibility .................................... 312Article 47. Plurality of injured States

or international organizations .......... 312Article 48. Responsibility of an inter-

national organization and one or more States or international organ-izations ............................................. 312

Article 49. Invocation of responsibility by a State or an international organization other than an injured State or international organization.... 312

Article 50. Scope of this Chapter ........ 312Chapter II. Countermeasures .............. 312Article 51. Object and limits of coun-

termeasures ...................................... 312Article 52. Conditions for taking

countermeasures by members of an international organization ................ 312

Article 53. Obligations not affected by countermeasures ............................... 312

Article 54. Proportionality of counter-measures ........................................... 312

Article 55. Conditions relating to resort to countermeasures ................ 312

Article 56. Termination of counter-measures ........................................... 312

Article 57. Measures taken by States or international organizations other than an injured State or interna-tional organization ........................... 313

Part Five. Responsibility of a State in connection with the conduct of an international organization ................. 313

Article 58. Aid or assistance by a State in the commission of an inter-nationally wrongful act by an inter-national organization ....................... 313

Article 59. Direction and control exer-cised by a State over the commission of an internationally wrongful act by an international organization ........... 313

Article 60. Coercion of an inter-national organization by a State ...... 313

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Article 61. Circumvention of interna-tional obligations of a State member of an international organization ....... 313

Article 62. Responsibility of a State member of an international organ-ization for an internationally wrong-ful act of that organization ............... 313

Article 63. Effect of this Part .............. 313Part Six. General provisions ............... 313Article 64. Lex specialis ...................... 313Article 65. Questions of international

responsibility not regulated by these articles .............................................. 313

Article 66. Individual responsibility .... 313Article 67. Charter of the United

Nations ......................................... 313

3119th meetingMonday, 8 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Treaties over time ................................................................. 314

Report by the Study Group .............................................. 314The most-favoured-nation clause ......................................... 316

Report by the Study Group .............................................. 316Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 318 Chapter V. Responsibility of international organizations (concluded) ............................... 318 C. Recommendation of the Commission (concluded) ............................................ 318

3120th meetingMonday, 8 August 2011, at 3 p.m.Programme, procedures and working methods of the

Commission and its documentation ................................. 319Report of the Planning Group .......................................... 319

Draft report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 321

Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 321 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 321 2.1.5 Communication of reservations

(concluded) ................................ 321 2.3 Late formulation of reservations

(concluded) ................................ 321 2.3.3 Limits to the possibility of

excluding or modifying the legal effect of a treaty by means other than reservations (concluded) .... 321

2.8.1 Forms of acceptance of reserva-tions (concluded) ........................ 322

3. Permissibility of reservations and interpretative declarations ... 322

3.1 Permissible reservations............. 323 3.1.1 Reservations prohibited by the

treaty .......................................... 324 3.1.2 Definition of specified reserva-

tions ............................................ 324 3.1.3 Permissibility of reservations

not prohibited by the treaty ........ 324 3.1.4 Permissibility of specified reser-

vations ........................................ 325 3.1.5 Incompatibility of a reservation

with the object and purpose of the treaty..................................... 325

3121st meetingTuesday, 9 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 326 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 326

F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 326 3.1.5.1 Determination of the object and

purpose of the treaty................... 326 3.1.5.2 Vague or general reservations .... 326 3.1.5.3 Reservations to a provision re-

flecting a customary rule ............ 327 3.1.5.4 Reservations to provisions con-

cerning rights from which no derogation is permissible under any circumstances ...................... 327

3.1.5.5 Reservations relating to internal law .............................................. 327

3.1.5.6 Reservations to treaties contain-ing numerous interdependent rights and obligations ................. 328

3.1.5.7 Reservations to treaty provisions concerning dispute settlement or the monitoring of the implemen-tation of the treaty ...................... 328

3.2 Assessment of the permissibility of a reservation ........................... 328

3.2.1 Competence of the treaty moni-toring bodies to assess the per-missibility of reservations .......... 329

3.2.2 Specification of the competence of treaty monitoring bodies to assess the permissibility of reservations ................................ 329

3.2.3 Consideration of the assessments of treaty monitoring bodies ........ 329

3.2.4 Bodies competent to assess the permissibility of reservations in the event of the establishment of a treaty monitoring body ............ 330

3.2.5 Competence of dispute settle-ment bodies to assess the per-missibility of reservations .......... 330

3.3 Consequences of the non-permissibility of a reservation .... 330

3.3.1 Irrelevance of distinction among the grounds for non-permissibil-ity ............................................... 330

3.3.2 Non-permissibility of reserva-tions and international responsi-bility ........................................... 330

3.3.3 Absence of effect of individual acceptance of a reservation on the permissibility of the reservation .................................. 330

3.4 Permissibility of reactions to reservations ................................ 331

3.4.1 Permissibility of the acceptance of a reservation ........................... 331

3.4.2 Permissibility of an objection to a reservation ............................... 331

3.5 Permissibility of an interpreta-tive declaration ........................... 332

3.5.1 Permissibility of an interpreta-tive declaration which is in fact a reservation ............................... 332

3.6 Permissibility of reactions to in-terpretative declarations ............. 332

4. Legal effects of reservations and interpretative declarations .......... 332

4.1 Establishment of a reservation with regard to another State or international organization .......... 332

4.1.1 Establishment of a reservation expressly authorized by a treaty ... 333

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3122nd meetingTuesday, 9 August 2011, at 3 p.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 334 Chapter IX. Protection of persons in the event of disasters ..................................................... 334 A. Introduction ............................................ 334 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 334 C. Text of the draft articles on protection of persons in the event of disasters provi- sionally adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session.............................. 336

Article 6. Humanitarian principles in disaster response .............................. 336

Article 7. Human dignity ..................... 336Article 8. Human rights ...................... 336Article 9. Role of the affected State ..... 336Article 10. Duty of the affected State

to seek assistance ............................ 336Article 11. Consent of the affected

State to external assistance .............. 337 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 337 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 337 4.1.2 Establishment of a reservation to

a treaty which has to be applied in its entirety .............................. 337

4.1.3 Establishment of a reservation to a constituent instrument of an international organization .......... 338

4.2 Effects of an established reser-vation.......................................... 338

4.2.1 Status of the author of an estab-lished reservation ....................... 338

4.2.2 Effect of the establishment of a reservation on the entry into force of a treaty .......................... 338

4.2.3 Effect of the establishment of a reservation on the status of the author as a party to the treaty ..... 338

4.2.4 Effect of an established reserva-tion on treaty relations ............... 338

4.2.5 Non-reciprocal application of obligations to which a reserva-tion relates .................................. 339

4.2.6 Interpretation of reservations .... 339 3.4.2 Permissibility of an objection to

a reservation (concluded) ........... 340

3123rd meetingWednesday, 10 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 340 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 340 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 340 4.3 Effect of an objection to a valid

reservation .................................. 340 4.3.1 Effect of an objection on the

entry into force of the treaty as between the author of the objec-tion and the author of a reserva-tion ............................................. 340

4.3.2 Effect of an objection to a reser-vation that is formulated late...... 341

4.3.3 Entry into force of the treaty be-tween the author of a reservation and the author of an objection .... 341

4.3.4 Non-entry into force of the treaty for the author of a reservation when unanimous acceptance is required ...................................... 341

4.3.5 Non-entry into force of the treaty as between the author of the reservation and the author of an objection with maximum effect .. 341

4.3.6 Effect of an objection on treaty relations ...................................... 341

4.3.7 Effect of an objection on provi-sions other than those to which the reservation relates ................ 342

4.3.8 Right of the author of a valid reservation not to comply with the treaty without the benefit of its reservation ............................. 342

4.4 Effect of a reservation on rights and obligations independent of the treaty..................................... 343

4.4.1 Absence of effect on rights and obligations under other treaties .. 343

4.4.2 Absence of effect on rights and obligations under customary international law......................... 343

4.4.3 Absence of effect on a peremp-tory norm of general interna-tional law (jus cogens) ............... 343

4.5 Consequences of an invalid res-ervation ...................................... 343

4.5.1 Nullity of an invalid reservation 344 4.5.2 Reactions to a reservation con-

sidered invalid ............................ 346 4.5.3 Status of the author of an invalid

reservation in relation to the treaty .......................................... 346

3124th meetingWednesday, 10 August 2011, at 3 p.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 349 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (continued) ....... 349 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 349 4.5.3 Status of the author of an invalid

reservation in relation to the treaty (continued) ....................... 350

4.6 Absence of effect of a reservation on the relations between the other parties to the treaty............ 351

4.7 Effect of an interpretative dec-laration ....................................... 351

4.7.1 Clarification of the terms of the treaty by an interpretative declaration .................................. 351

4.7.2 Effect of the modification or the withdrawal of an interpretative declaration .................................. 352

4.7.3 Effect of an interpretative dec-laration approved by all the con-tracting States and contracting organizations .............................. 352

5. Reservations, acceptances of reservations, objections to reser-vations, and interpretative dec-larations in cases of succession of States ...................................... 353

5.1 Reservations in cases of succes-sion of States .............................. 353

5.1.1 Newly independent States .......... 353 5.1.2 Uniting or separation of States ... 353 5.1.3 Irrelevance of certain reserva-

tions in cases involving a uniting of States ...................................... 353

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5.1.4 Maintenance of the territorial scope of reservations formulated by the predecessor State ............. 353

5.1.5 Territorial scope of reservations in cases involving a uniting of States .......................................... 353

5.1.6 Territorial scope of reservations of the successor State in cases of succession involving part of a territory ...................................... 353

5.1.7 Timing of the effects of non-maintenance by a successor State of a reservation formulated by the predecessor State ............. 354

5.1.8 Late reservations formulated by a successor State ........................ 354

5.2 Objections to reservations in cases of succession of States ...... 354

5.2.1 Maintenance by the successor State of objections formulated by the predecessor State ............. 354

5.2.2 Irrelevance of certain objections in cases involving a uniting of States .......................................... 354

5.2.3 Maintenance of objections to reservations of the predecessor State............................................ 354

5.2.4 Reservations of the predecessor State to which no objections have been made .......................... 354

5.2.5 Right of a successor State to formulate objections to reserva-tions ............................................ 354

5.2.6 Objections by a successor State other than a newly independent State in respect of which a treaty continues in force ....................... 354

5.3 Acceptances of reservations in cases of succession of States ...... 354

5.3.1 Maintenance by a newly independent State of express acceptances formulated by the predecessor State ......................... 354

5.3.2 Maintenance by a successor State other than a newly independent State of express acceptances formulated by the predecessor State ............................................. 355

5.3.3 Timing of the effects of non-maintenance by a successor State of an express acceptance formu-lated by the predecessor State ..... 355

5.4 Legal effects of reservations, acceptances and objections in cases of succession of States ...... 355

5.5 Interpretative declarations in cases of succession of States ...... 355

5.5.1 Interpretative declarations for-mulated by the predecessor State............................................ 355

Annex. Conclusions on the reservations dialogue ...................................... 355

3125th meetingThursday, 11 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 357 Chapter IV. Reservations to treaties (concluded) ...... 357 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (continued) ............................................. 357 4.2.4 Effect of an established reser-

vation on treaty relations (concluded) ................................ 358

4.5.3 Status of the author of an invalid reservation in relation to the treaty (concluded) ...................... 358

5.1.1 Newly independent States (con-cluded)........................................ 359

Additional amendments to the Guide to Practice ....................................... 360

A. Introduction ............................................ 361 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 361 C. Recommendation of the Commission concerning the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties ................................ 361 D. Recommendation of the Commission on mechanisms of assistance in relation to reservations to treaties............................ 361 E. Tribute to the Special Rapporteur .......... 361 F. Text of the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties, adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (concluded) ............................................ 361

3126th meetingThursday, 11 August 2011, at 3 p.m.Expulsion of aliens (concluded) ........................................... 362

Report of the Drafting Committee .................................. 362Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (continued) ....................... 363 Chapter VIII. Expulsion of aliens ................................. 363 A. Introduction ............................................ 363 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 363 Chapter X. The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare) ........................ 363 A. Introduction ............................................ 363 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 363 Chapter VII. Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction ............................... 364 A. Introduction ............................................ 364 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 364 Chapter XII. The most-favoured-nation clause ........... 364 A. Introduction ............................................ 364 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 364 Chapter XI. Treaties over time ................................... 365 A. Introduction ............................................ 365 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session .................................................... 365 Chapter IX. Protection of persons in the event of disasters (concluded) .................................. 365 C. Text of the draft articles on protection of persons in the event of disasters provi- sionally adopted by the Commission at its sixty-third session (concluded) ......... 365

Article 10. Duty of the affected State to seek assistance (concluded) ......... 365

Article 11. Consent of the affected State to external assistance (con-cluded) .............................................. 366

Chapter VII. Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction (concluded) ........... 366 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session (concluded) ................................ 366 Chapter X. The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare) (concluded) .... 366 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session (concluded) ................................ 366 Chapter II. Summary of the work of the Commission at its sixty-third session .......................... 367 Chapter III. Specific issues on which comments would be of particular interest to the Commission ........................................... 367

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A. Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction ............................... 367 B. Expulsion of aliens ................................. 367 C. Protection of persons in the event of disasters ...................................................... 368

3127th meetingFriday, 12 August 2011, at 10 a.m.Draft report of the International Law Commission on the

work of its sixty-third session (concluded) ..................... 368 Chapter III. Specific issues on which comments would be of particular interest to the Commission (concluded) ....................... 368 D. The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare) ........................ 368 E. Treaties over time ................................... 369 F. The most-favoured-nation clause ........... 369 G. New topics ............................................. 369 Chapter XI. Treaties over time (concluded) .............. 369 B. Consideration of the topic at the present session (concluded) ................................ 369

Chapter I. Organization of the work of the session ... 369 A. Membership ........................................... 369 B. Casual vacancies .................................... 369 C. Officers and the Enlarged Bureau .......... 369 D. Drafting Committee ............................... 370 E. Working Groups and Study Groups ....... 370 F. Secretariat .............................................. 370 G. Agenda ................................................... 370 Chapter XIII. Other decisions and conclusions of the Commission ........................................... 370 A. Programme, procedures and working methods of the Commission and its documentation................................................ 370 B. Date and place of the sixty-fourth session of the Commission ......................... 371 C. Peaceful settlement of disputes .............. 371 D. Cooperation with other bodies ............... 371 E. Representation at the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly ........................ 371 F. Gilberto Amado Memorial Lecture ........ 371 G. International Law Seminar ..................... 371

Chairperson’s concluding remarks ....................................... 372Closure of the session ........................................................... 372

xiii

MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION

Name Country of nationality

Mr. Mohammed Bello Adoke NigeriaMr. Ali Mohsen Fetais

Al‑MArri Qatar

Mr. Lucius CAflisCh SwitzerlandMr. Enrique J. A. CAndioti ArgentinaMr. Pedro CoMissário Afonso MozambiqueMr. Christopher John Robert

dugArd South Africa

Ms. Concepción esCobAr hernández

Spain

Mr. Salifou foMbA MaliMr. Giorgio gAjA ItalyMr. Zdzislaw gAliCki PolandMr. Hussein A. hAssounA EgyptMr. Mahmoud D. hMoud JordanMr. Huikang huAng ChinaMs. Marie G. jACobsson SwedenMr. Maurice kAMto CameroonMr. Fathi keMiChA TunisiaMr. Roman A. kolodkin Russian FederationMr. Donald M. MCrAe Canada

Name Country of nationality

Mr. Teodor Viorel MelesCAnu RomaniaMr. Shinya MurAse JapanMr. Bernd H. niehAus Costa RicaMr. Georg nolte GermanyMr. Alain Pellet FranceMr. A. Rohan PererA Sri LankaMr. Ernest Petrič SloveniaMr. Gilberto Vergne sAboiA BrazilMr. Narinder singh IndiaMr. Eduardo

VAlenCiA‑osPinA Colombia

Mr. Edmundo VArgAs CArreño

Chile

Mr. Stephen C. VAsCiAnnie JamaicaMr. Marcelo

Vázquez‑berMúdezEcuador

Mr. Amos S. WAko KenyaMr. Nugroho WisnuMurti IndonesiaSir Michael Wood United Kingdom of

Great Britain and Northern Ireland

OFFICERS

Chairperson: Mr. Maurice kAMto

First Vice-Chairperson: Ms. Marie G. jACobsson

Second Vice-Chairperson: Mr. Bernd H. niehAus

Chairperson of the Drafting Committee: Mr. Teodor Viorel MelesCAnu

Rapporteur: Mr. A. Rohan PererA

Ms. Patricia O’Brien, Under-Secretary-General of Legal Affairs, United Nations Legal Counsel, represented the Secretary-General. Mr. Václav Mikulka, Director of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs, acted as Secretary to the Commission and, in the absence of the United Nations Legal Counsel, represented the Secretary-General. Mr. George Korontzis, Deputy Director of the Codification Division, acted as Deputy Secretary to the Commission.

xiv

AGENDA

The Commission adopted the following agenda at its 3080th meeting, held on 26 April 2011:

1. Organization of the work of the session.

2. Reservations to treaties.

3. Responsibility of international organizations.

4. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties.

5. Expulsion of aliens.

6. The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare).

7. Protection of persons in the event of disasters.

8. Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.

9. Treaties over time.

10. The most-favoured-nation clause.

11. Programme, procedures and working methods of the Commission and its documentation.

12. Date and place of the sixty-fourth session.

13. Cooperation with other bodies.

14. Filling of a casual vacancy in the Commission (article 11 of the statute).

15. Other business.

xv

ABBREVIATIONS

AALCO Asian–African Legal Consultative OrganizationASEAN Association of Southeast Asian NationsCAHDI (Council of Europe) Committee of Legal Advisers on Public International LawCOJUR Working Party on International Public LawECOWAS Economic Community of West African StatesGATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994IAJC Inter-American Juridical CommitteeIASC Inter-Agency Standing CommitteeIATA International Air Transport AssociationICJ International Court of JusticeICRC International Committee of the Red CrossICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment DisputesIFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesILO International Labour OrganizationIMF International Monetary FundIMO International Maritime OrganizationINTERPOL International Criminal Police OrganizationITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the SeaNATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO non-governmental organizationOAS Organization of American StatesOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropePCIJ Permanant Court of International JusticeUNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission for RwandaUNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade LawUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNOCI United Nations Operation in Côte d’IvoireWHO World Health OrganizationWTO World Trade Organization

*

* *

AJIL American Journal of International Law (Washington, D.C.)BYBIL The British Yearbook of International LawI.C.J. Reports ICJ, Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and OrdersILM International Legal Materials (Washington, D.C.)ILR International Law ReportsITLOS Reports ITLOS, Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and OrdersP.C.I.J., Series A PCIJ, Collection of Judgments (Nos. 1–24: up to and including 1930)P.C.I.J., Series B PCIJ, Collection of Advisory Opinions (Nos. 1–18: up to and including 1930)UNRIAA United Nations, Reports of International Arbitral Awards

*

* *

xvi

In the present volume, “International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia” refers to the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991; and “International Tribunal for Rwanda” refers to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994.

*

* *

NOTE CONCERNING QUOTATIONS

In quotations, words or passages in italics followed by an asterisk were not italicized in the original text.

Unless otherwise indicated, quotations from works in languages other than English have been translated by the Secretariat.

*

* *

The Internet address of the International Law Commission is http://legal.un.org/ilc.

xvii

CASES CITED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME

Case Nature and source of the decision

A. and Others v. the United Kingdom Application no. 3455/05, Judgment of 19 February 2009, Grand Chamber, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2009.

Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo

Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 403.

Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India), Jurisdiction of the Court, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2000, p. 12.

Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 639.

Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 582.

Al-Adsani v. the United Kingdom Application no. 35763/97, Judgment of 21 November 2001, Grand Chamber, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2001-XI.

Al-Jedda case R. (on the application of Al-Jedda) v. Secretary of State for Defence, Judgment of the House of Lords, 12 December 2007, [2007] UKHL 58.

Al-Jedda v. the United Kingdom Application no. 27021/08, Judgment of 7 July 2011, Grand Chamber, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2011.

Ambatielos Greece v. United Kingdom, Jurisdiction, Preliminary Objection, Judgment of 1 July 1952, I.C.J. Reports 1952, p. 28.

Applicability of Article VI, Section 22, of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations


Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

(Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 43.

Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

(Georgia v. Russian Federation), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Re- ports 2011, p. 70.

Provisional Measures, Order of 15 October 2008, I.C.J. Reports 2008, p. 353.

Arbitral Award made by the King of Spain on 23 December 1906

Judgment of 18 November 1960, I.C.J. Reports 1960, p. 192.

Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1991, p. 53.

Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2006, p. 6.

Arrest Warrant Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, p. 3.

Barcelona Traction Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited, Second Phase, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1970, p. 3.

Beagle Channel Case concerning a dispute between Argentina and Chile concerning the Beagle Channel, Award of 18 February 1977, UNRIAA, vol. XXI (Sales No. E/F.95.V.2), pp. 53–264.

Behrami and Saramati Behrami and Behrami v. France and Saramati v. France, Germany and Norway, Grand Chamber Decision of 2 May 2007 (Admissibility), Applications nos. 71412/01 and 78166/01, European Court of Human Rights (available from the Court’s HUDOC database, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int).

Belhas et al. v. Ya’alon 515 F.3d 1279 (D.C. Cir. 2008).

Ben Tillett Ben Tillett Arbitration (Great Britain v. Belgium), C. G. Fenwick, Cases on International Law, Chicago, Callaghan and Company, 1935, p. 181.

Bouterse Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, vol. 3 (2000), pp. 677–691. See also Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, vol. 32 (2001), pp. 266–282.

Judgment on appeal of 18 September 2001, Supreme Court of the Netherlands.

Case 7378 (Guatemala) Resolution 30/8 of 25 June 1981, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1980–1981, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.54, doc. 9 rev. 1, 16 October 1981 (available from www.cidh.oas.org).

Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area

(Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Provisional Measures, Order of 8 March 2011, I.C.J. Reports 2011, p. 6.

xviii


Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters

(Djibouti v. France), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008, p. 177.

Charles Taylor Prosecutor v. Charles Ghankay Taylor, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-I, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction of 31 May 2004, Appeals Chamber of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (available from www.rscsl.org/Taylor.html).

Chorzów Factory Case Concerning the Factory at Chorzów, Claim for Indemnity, Merits, Judgment No. 13 of 13 September 1928, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 17.

Čonka Čonka v. Belgium, Application no. 51564/99, Judgment of 5 February 2002, Third Section, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2002-I.

Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks

(Chile/European Community), Order of 20 December 2000, ITLOS Reports 2000, p. 148.

Chile—Measures affecting the Transit and Importing of Swordfish, WTO (WT/DS 193).

Cooperatieve Producentenorganisatie van de Nederlandse Kokkelvisserij U.A. v. the Netherlands

Application no. 13645/05, Decision on Admissibility of 20 January 2009, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2009.

Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights


East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1995, p. 90.

English Channel Case concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the French Republic, Decisions of 30 June 1977 and 14 March 1978, UNRIAA, vol. XVIII (Sales No. E/F.80.V.7), pp. 3 and 271.

Ferrini v. the Federal Republic of Germany Decision No. 5044/2004 of 11 March 2004, Court of Cassation of Italy, reproduced in Rivista di Diritto Internazionale, vol. 87, No. 2 (2004), p. 539. English translation in ILR, vol. 128 (2004), p. 658.

Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Niger) Special Agreement seising the International Court of Justice of the Boundary Dispute between Burkina Faso and the Republic of Niger jointly notified to the Court on 20 July 2010, ICJ, 2010 General List No. 149.

Gaddafi Gaddafi, France, Cour de cassation, chambre criminelle, 13 March 2001, ILR, vol. 125 (2004), p. 490.

General Shaul Mofaz District Court (Bow Street), Re General Shaul Mofaz, Judgment of 12 February 2004, reproduced in International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 53 (July 2004), pp. 771–773.

Gorbachev 30 March 2011, City of Westminster Magistrates’ Court (unreported). Reproduced in R. O’Keefe, “Decisions of British Courts during 2011 involving questions of public or private international law”, BYBIL 2011, vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 570–574.

Gotovina et al. Prosecutor v. Gotovina, Čermak and Markač, “Operation Storm”, Case No. IT-06-90-T, Judgment of 15 April 2011, International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (available from www.tpiy.org/case/gotovina/4).

Guatemalan Genocide

Hollander

Sentencia No. 327/2003 del Tribunal Supremo sobre el caso Guatemala por genocidio de 25 February 2003, Penal Chamber, Supreme Court of Spain (unreported).

(United States v. Guatemala), J. B. Moore (ed.), A Digest of International Law as Embodied in Diplomatic Discussions, Treaties and Other International Agreements, vol. IV, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1906, pp. 102–108.

Impregilo S.p.A. v. Argentine Republic ICSID Case No. ARB/07/17, Award of 21 June 2011 (available from https://icsid.worldbank.org/en/Pages/cases/AdvancedSearch.aspx).

Island of Palmas (Netherlands v. U.S.A.), Award of April 1928, UNRIAA, vol. II (Sales No. 1949.V.1), p. 829.

Jabari v. Turkey Application no. 40035/98, Judgment of 11 July 2000, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2000-VIII.

Japan–Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages WTO Appellate Body Report, WT/DS8/AB/R (adopted 1 November 1996).

Jaworzina Advisory Opinion of 6 December 1923, P.C.I.J., Series B, No. 8, p. 38.

Jones v. Ministry of Interior Al-Mamlaka Al-Arabiya AS Saudiya

(The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Opinions of the Lords of Appeal of 14 June 2006, House of Lords, [2006] UKHL 26. Reproduced in ILR, vol. 129 (2007), p. 713.

Judgment of 28 October 2004, Court of Appeal, High Court, Queen’s Bench Division. Reproduced in ILR, vol. 129 (2007), p. 649.

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Jones v. the United Kingdom and Mitchell and Others v. the United Kingdom

Applications nos. 34356/06 and 40528/06, Judgment of 2 June 2014, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2014.

Judgments of the Administrative Tribunal of the I.L.O. upon complaints made against the U.N.E.S.C.O.

Advisory Opinion of 23 October 1956, I.C.J. Reports 1956, p. 77.

Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy), Application for Permission to Intervene, Order of 4 July 2011, I.C.J. Reports 2011, p. 494.

Application for Permission to Intervene by the Government of the Hellenic Republic, filed in the Registry of the Court on 13 January 2011, ICJ, 2011 General List No. 143.

Counter-Claim, Order of 6 July 2010, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 310.

Application instituting proceedings filed in the Registry of the Court on 23 December 2008, ICJ, 2008 General List No. 143.

Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/SC, Judgment of 26 July 2010, Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia.

Karnuth v. United States United States Reports, Cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1928, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1929, p. 231.

Kennedy v. Trinidad and Tobago Communication No. 845/1999, Views adopted on 2 November 1999, Report of the Human Rights Committee, Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/55/40), vol. II, annex XI.A, p. 258.

Kordoghliazar v. Romania Application no. 8776/05, Decision of 20 May 2008, Third Section, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2014 (available in French only).

Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory


Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict


Loizidou Loizidou v. Turkey, Preliminary Objections, Judgment of 23 March 1995, Application no. 15318/89, European Court of Human Rights, Series A: Judgments and Decisions, vol. 310.

Maffezini Emilio Agustín Maffezini v. Kingdom of Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/97/7, Decision of the tribunal on objections to jurisdiction of 25 January 2000, ICSID Review—Foreign Investment Law Journal, vol. 16, No. 1 (2001), p. 1 (available from https://icsid.worldbank.org/en/Pages/cases/AdvancedSearch.aspx).

Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey Applications nos. 46827/99 and 46951/99, Judgment of 4 February 2005, Grand Chamber, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2005-I.

Matar and Others v. Dichter 563 F.3d 9 (2d. Cir. 2009).

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua

(Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1986, p. 14.

MOX Plant Commission of the European Communities v. Ireland, Case C-459/03, Judgment of 30 May 2006, Grand Chamber of the Court, European Court Reports 2006, p. I-4635.

Dispute concerning Access to Information under Article 9 of the OSPAR Convention between Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Final Award, Decision of 2 July 2003, UNRIAA, vol. XXIII, pp. 59–151.

Mukeshimana-Ngulinzira and Others v. Belgium and Others

RG Nos. 04/4807/A and 07/15547/A, Judgment of 8 December 2010, Court of First Instance of Brussels, Oxford Reports on International Law in Domestic Courts, vol. 1604 (BE 2010).

Nationality Decrees Issued in Tunis and Morocco (French Zone)

Advisory Opinion, P.C.I.J., Series B, No. 4, 1923, p. 6.

Ndindiliyimana et al. The Prosecutor v. Augustin Ndindiliyimana, Augustin Bizimungu, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye and Innocent Sagahutu, Case No. ICTR-00-59-T, Judgment of 17 May 2011, International Tribunal for Rwanda (available from http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-00-56).

Nishimura Ekiu v. United States 142 U.S. 651 (1892).

Northern Cameroons (Cameroon v. United Kingdom), Preliminary Objections, Judgment of 2 December 1963, I.C.J. Reports 1963, p. 15.

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Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala), Second Phase, Judgment of 6 April 1955, I.C.J. Re- ports 1955, p. 4.

Nuhanović v. Netherlands LJN:BR5388, Judgment of 5 July 2011, The Hague Court of Appeal, Civil Section, Oxford Reports on International Law in Domestic Courts, vol. 1742 (NL 2011) (available from http://zoeken.rechtspraak.nl and www.oxfordlawreports.com).

Pinochet Regina v. Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet Ugarte (Nos. 1, 2 and 3), England, House of Lords, 25 November 1998, and 15 January and 24 March 1999, ILR, vol. 119 (2002).

Prosecutor v. Blaškić Case No. IT-95-14-AR108bis, Judgment on the request of the Republic of Croatia for review of the Decision of Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, Judgment of 29 October 1997, ILR, vol. 110 (1998), p. 688 (available from www.icty.org).

Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite

(Belgium v. Senegal), Provisional Measures, Order of 28 May 2009, I.C.J. Re- ports 2009, p. 139.

“Rainbow Warrior” Case concerning the difference between New Zealand and France concerning the interpretation or application of two agreements, concluded on 9 July 1986 between the two States and which related to the problems arising from the Rainbow Warrior Affair, Decision of 30 April 1990, UNRIAA, vol. XX, p. 215.

Case concerning the difference between New Zealand and France arising from the Rainbow Warrior Affair, Ruling of 6 July 1986, UNRIAA, vol. XIX (Sales No. E/F.90.V.7), p. 199.

Rankin v. the Islamic Republic of Iran Award of 3 November 1987, Iran–United States Claims Tribunal Reports, vol. 17 (1987-V), p. 135.

Reparation for Injuries Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1949, p. 174.

Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 15 June 1962 in the case concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear

(Cambodia v. Thailand), Provisional Measures, Order of 18 July 2011, I.C.J. Re- ports 2011, p. 537.

Application instituting proceedings filed in the Registry of the Court on 28 April 2011, ICJ, 2011 General List No. 151.

Responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area

Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011, Seabed Disputes Chamber, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, ITLOS Reports 2011, p. 10.

Restrictions to the Death Penalty (Arts. 4(2) and 4(4) American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC–3/83 of 8 September 1983, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Series A, No. 3.

Samantar v. Yousuf et al. 560 U.S. 305 (2010).

Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases (New Zealand v. Japan; Australia v. Japan), Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Decision of 4 August 2000, UNRIAA, vol. XXIII, p. 4.

South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa), Second Phase, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1966, p. 6.

SS “Wimbledon” Judgments, 1923, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 1.

Status of Eastern Carelia Advisory Opinion of 23 July 1923, P.C.I.J., Series B, No. 5.

Tadić Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić a/k/a “Dule”, Case No. IT-94-1-AR72, Decision on the Defence Motion of Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, Decision of 2 October 1995, International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Judicial Reports 1994–1995, vol. I, pp. 352 et seq., at pp. 428–430.

Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)

Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 832.

Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea

(Nicaragua v. Honduras), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 65.

T. I. v. the United Kingdom Application no. 43844/98, Decision of 7 March 2000, European Court of Human Rights, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2000-III.

Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan), Application instituting proceedings filed in the Registry of the Court on 31 May 2010, ICJ, 2010 General List No. 148.

Xuncax v. Gramajo 886 F. Supp. 162 (D. Mass. 1995).

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MULTILATERAL INSTRUMENTS CITED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME

Source

Pacific settlement of international disputes

Conventions I of 1899 and 1907 for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (The Hague, 29 July 1899 and 18 October 1907)

J. B. Scott (ed.), The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907, 3rd ed., New York, Oxford University Press, 1918, p. 41.

Covenant of the League of Nations (Versailles, 28 June 1919) League of Nations, Official Journal, No. 1, February 1920, p. 3.

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany (Treaty of Versailles) (Versailles, 28 June 1919)

British and Foreign State Papers, 1919, vol. CXII, London, HM Stationery Office, 1922, p. 1.

American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogotá) (Bogotá, 30 April 1948) United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 30, No. 449, p. 83.

North Atlantic Treaty (Washington, D.C., 4 April 1949) Ibid., vol. 34, No. 541, p. 243.

European Convention for the peaceful settlement of disputes (Strasbourg, 29 April 1957) Ibid.,

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