CHINESE IMMIGRATIONYear 9 Urban Systems Project – by Mei Ting Rao

HOW DID THE CHINESE IMMIGRANTS CHANGE SOCIETY IN MELBOURNE

AND RICHMOND? Sets up business and trade Introduces cultural traditions and customs Establishes Chinatown Sets up language schools, speciality

stores, restaurants, organisations Richmond – late twentieth century

became central shopping/grocery district

WHY DID THEY ARRIVE? Along with thousands other immigrants, the Chinese

flocked to Australia after the discovery of gold in Australia in 1851. By 1858, the Chinese in Australia had peaked at 42,000, which quadrupled over the next four decades.

WHAT DID THEY BRING WITH THEM?

The Chinese brought their customs and traditional cuisine to Australia. Many restaurants were opened in Melbourne which pushed the popularity for Asian food. The Chinese continued to celebrate traditional festivals and adapted festival customs to suit their living conditions in Australia.

WHAT SETBACKS DID THEY FACE? Some of the Chinese

became extremely rich due to their success with the gold rush, which attracted jealousy and discrimination from other nationalities living in Australia. The Chinese kept arriving in Australia in search of a new life from oppressive imperial rule back in China from the Qing dynasty.

Chinese immigrants being questioned by customs

IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION ACT

In 1901, the Australian Federation occurred to break from British Rule. The ‘White Australia Policy’ became enforced to reduce the flow of non-European immigrants that arrived in Australia by the means of language testing. The number of Chinese dwindled and their social network became greatly reduced.

REMOVAL OF IMMIGRATION ACTS

The Chinese people already settled in Australia formed protests against prejudice. A number of wealthy merchants and a Chinese missionary joined together to publish a document called The Chinese question in Australia, which called for people to recognise the Chinese’s contribution to the development of Melbourne’s society. Immigrants once again became encouraged after the catastrophes of the two world wars. The Chinese Question in Australia

displayed in Melbourne Immigration Centre

CHINATOWN The first boarding houses

in Little Bourke Street were recorded in 1855, but the street gradually became a regular stop for miners stopping to replenish their supplies before heading off to work. Many stores became opened to cater for these miners and more Chinese began to gather in this district

Children in the house doorway

CHINATOWN

1960’s Little Bourke Street 2000’s Little Bourke

Street

CHINATOWN – 4 ERA COMPARISON

CHINATOWN (CONTINUED)

Chinese organisations placed their headquarters in Chinatown and the place thrived with storekeepers, importers, furniture makers, herbalists, fruit and vegetable wholesalers and restaurant keepers. Chinatown became an important residential area for the settlers as well as a key economic and social hub in Melbourne.

Chinese Gospel Hall

THE CHINESE IN RICHMOND (EARLY 1900’S) In Richmond, the Chinese were most noted for their supply

of fresh food and groceries. Many Chinese people owned the surrounding market gardens. Flowers, vegetables and fruits were produced on small squares of land that were directly sold to customers. Market gardens gradually closed as the land required for infrastructure and road constructions.

THE CHINESE IN RICHMOND ( LATE 1900’S) After the removal of the Immigration

Restriction Policies in 1972, business returned to all suburbs and Richmond became a concentrated area for Asian groceries. Many Chinese immigrants were employed as workers in the factories along the Yarra River. Richmond remained a widely popular shopping district until it was overtaken by other suburbs such as Preston and Boxhill.

CHINESE IN MODERN-DAY MELBOURNE Today, the number of people with

Chinese backgrounds in Melbourne sits at around 200,000 and continues to grow rapidly. Many Chinese people arrive in Australia arrive as students or skilled immigrants, meaning they have received high level of tertiary education or possess some form of professional skills.

CHINESE CUISINE Chinese food is one of the most popular cuisines across the

world. The most well-known form of traditional Chinese cuisine in Western countries is Canton Yum Cha. Chinese food is popular for its exotic taste and diverse range. Countless Chinese restaurants and fast food franchise are opened across Melbourne.

CHINATOWN MODERN DAY

Chinatown is a popular tourist resort in Melbourne. The ‘Facing Heaven’ archway in the entrances of Chinatown are replicas of the same gate in Nanjing Province back in China. The traditional styled architecture in Chinatown have been well preserved today. Many well-known restaurants are situated in Melbourne, such as Shark Fin and Dragon Boat. The Museum of Chinese Australian History was opened in 1905 and still remains standing in Cohen Place.

CHINATOWN RESTAURANTS

AUSTRALIAN-BORN-CHINESE

Many children descended from first and second generation attend Chinese language schools to study Chinese as their second language for VCE. Cultural fairs are often held in the districts of Preston, Boxhill and the Melbourne CBD to celebrate traditional festivals such as the Chinese New Year, the Lantern Festival and the Moon Festival.

CONCLUSION

The presence of the Chinese people have greatly contributed to Melbourne’s society. They have enhanced Australia’s multicultural diversity and united with all the other nationalities.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites: • http://www.chia.chinesemuseum.com.au/biogs/CH00015b.ht

m• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Australi

a• www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/education/history.htm

Books: American Geographical Society: China – Around the World

Program by Theodore Herman, published by Nelson Doubleday, Inc 1966, printed in the United States of America

Visits/ interview: Immigration Museum, Melbourne The Museum of Chinese Australian History, Melbourne