Year 8 Module 3 Practice Paper - Brockington · PDF fileYear 8 Module 3 Practice Paper...

Year 8 Module 3 Practice Paper

Brockington College - Science

minutes

marks

of 48

Q1. Bindweed is a plant that grows tightly around other plants. The drawing below shows bindweed growing around a rose bush.

(a) Complete the sentences below. Choose from the words in the list.

air light support water minerals

(i) Bindweed grows as high as possible on the rose bush so that the bindweed can get as much .................................... as possible.

1 mark

(ii) Bindweed grows around the rose bush because the rose bush provides ....................................... for the bindweed.

1 mark

(b) A gardener cut through the stem of the bindweed at X. Two days later the bindweed above X was dead.

Why did the bindweed die? Tick the correct box.

no air no light

no warmth no water 1 mark

(c) The gardener adds fertiliser to the soil to help her rose bushes to grow well.

What do plants get from the fertiliser? Tick the correct box.

acids minerals

sugars vitamins 1 mark

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(d) Plant roots have root hairs.

Which diagram shows a root hair? Tick the correct box.

not to scale 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

##

The drawing shows an experiment to investigate photosynthesis in weed from a pond.

Bubbles of gas produced during photosynthesis were given off from the pond weed and collected in the test tube.

(a) Name the gas given off in photosynthesis

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

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(b) What two substances are taken in by the plant and used for photosynthesis?

1. ..................................................................................................................

2. .................................................................................................................. 2 marks

Light of different intensities was shone onto the pond weed. The number of gas bubbles given off in one minute at each light intensity was counted. The results are shown in the graph.

(c) Which letter on the horizontal axis shows the light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis first reaches its maximum?

............................................................ 1 mark

Blue, green and red light were then shone, in turn, onto the pond weed. The number of bubbles of the gas given off in one minute was counted. The results are shown in the table.

The leaves of the pond weed contain a green pigment which absorbs light for photosynthesis

(d) (i) Name this pigment.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

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(ii) Using the information in the table, tick a box by one colour of light which is strongly absorbed by the pigment.

blue

green

red 1 mark

(e) Sugar is also produced during photosynthesis.

Give two ways in which the plant uses sugar.

1. ..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................. 2 marks

Maximum 8 marks

Q3. The diagram shows a plant cell.

(a) Give the name of part A.

.............................................................

Give the function of part A.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ 2 marks

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(b) Give the name of part E.

..............................................................

Give the function of part E.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ 2 marks

(c) Give the letters of two parts that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.

.................. and .................. 1 mark

(d) How can you tell that the cell in the diagram is from a leaf and not from a root?

................................................................................................................ 1 mark

maximum 6 marks

Q4. The table shows how hydrogencarbonate indicator solution changes colour when the concentration of carbon dioxide in it changes.

concentration of carbon dioxide colour change

increases orange to yellow

decreases orange to purple

Sunil set up the experiment shown below and put both test-tubes on a window-sill.

Use information in the table to help you answer the questions below.

(a) The indicator in test-tube A changed from orange to yellow.

(i) What process, in the cells of the maggots, caused this colour change?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

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(ii) Explain what happens in this process to cause the colour change.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(b) The indicator in test-tube B changed from orange to purple.

(i) What process, in the cells of the leaves, caused this colour change?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Explain what happens in this process to cause the colour change.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(c) Sunil then put two fresh leaves into test-tube C containing 30 cm3 of orange

hydrogencarbonate indicator. He added some maggots on a piece of wire mesh as shown below. He put the test-tube on a window-sill.

The indicator remained orange. Explain why.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q5. One product of photosynthesis is glucose, C6H

12O

6.

(a) Complete and balance the symbol equation for photosynthesis.

............................. + ............................... → C6H

12O

6 + .................................

2 marks

of 48

(b) Glucose is converted in plants into molecules such as starch. The formula of starch is (C

6H

10O

5)n.

Write the formulae of the two products of the complete combustion of starch.

1. .........................................................

2. ......................................................... 1 mark

(c) Octane is a fuel used in aircraft. Burning octane gives the same products as burning glucose. Suggest why.

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(d) Methane has the formula CH4. When very little oxygen is present, burning methane

produces carbon monoxide.

Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

............................. + ............................ → ........................ + ........................... 2 marks

Maximum 6 marks

of 48

Q6. (a) Sita made a model of three parts of the solar system, the Sun, Earth and Moon. She used a marble, a torch and a tennis ball.

Draw a line from each part of the solar system to the object she used.

Draw only three lines.

2 marks

(b) The table below shows the order of some of the planets in our solar system.

Complete the table to show the positions of the Earth, Neptune and the Sun.

2 marks

Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus

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(c) The diagram shows a satellite in orbit around the Earth.

not to scale

(i) Give one use of a satellite.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

(ii) Which force keeps the satellite in orbit around the Earth? Tick the correct box.

gravity friction

air resistance magnetism 2 marks

maximum 6 marks

Q7. The picture shows a man called Aristotle. He lived in Greece over 2000 years ago.

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Aristotle said that the heavier an object is, the faster it will fall to the ground.

(a) The drawings below show a bowling ball, a cricket ball and a ping-pong ball. Lila dropped them all at the same time from the same height.

bowling ball cricket ball ping-pong mass = 5 000 g mass = 160 g mass = 2.5 g

If Aristotle was correct, which of the three balls would you expect to reach the ground first? Give the reason for your answer.

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) Joe said that it would be a fairer test if Lila had only used a cricket ball and a hollow plastic ball as shown below.

cricket ball hollow plastic ball mass = 160 g mass = 56 g

Why was Joe correct?

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) About 400 years ago in Italy, a man called Galileo had a different idea. He said that all objects dropped from the same height would reach the ground at the same time.

(i) Lila dropped a hammer and a feather at the same time from the same height.

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If Galileo was correct, which, if either, would reach the ground first?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Gravity acts on both the hammer and the feather as they fall. Give the name of one other force which acts on them as they fall.

.......................................... 1 mark

(iii) An astronaut on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather at the same time from the same height.

How would the results of the astronaut’s experiment on the Moon be different from Lila’s experiment on the Earth?

.............................................................................................................

Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 2 marks

Maximum 6 marks

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Q8. (a) The diagram below shows part of the solar system.

Look at the diagram. Give the names of X and Y.

X..............................................

Y.............................................. 2 marks

(b) It takes Jupiter much longer than Mars to complete one orbit. Give two reasons for this.

1 ......................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

2 ......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 2 marks

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(c) The diagram also shows the orbit of a comet.

In 1531, 1607 and 1683 scientists recorded that had seen a comet in the sky.

(i) Edmund Halley looked at these dates and suggested the scientists had all seen the same comet.

Explain how he worked out that it was the same comet each time.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ 1 mark

(ii) The comet was last seen in 1986.

Predict when it will be seen next.

................................................................................................................ 1 mark

maximum 6 marks

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Q9. The diagram shows the Sun and the orbits of the five inner planets. The distances (but not the sizes of the Sun and Jupiter) are to scale.

(a) On the diagram, draw a dot to show the Earth’s position when Earth and Jupiter are moving parallel to each other and in the same direction. Label the dot E.

1 mark

(b) As Jupiter moves in its orbit, it appears to move across the pattern of stars in the background. When Jupiter and the Earth are moving parallel to each other, Jupiter appears to move backwards across the pattern of stars. Explain why.

……….………………………………………………………………………………

……….……………………………………………………………………………… 1 mark

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(c) The light from the Sun takes about 8.3 minutes to reach the Earth. Using the diagram above, estimate how long it takes for light to travel from Jupiter to the Earth when they are the shortest possible distance apart. Show your working.

……….………………………………………………………………………………

……….………………………………………………………………………………

……….……………………………………………………………………………… 2 marks

Maximum 4 marks

Q10. The diagram shows a volcano erupting.

not to scale

(a) Look at the diagram. Give the letter which labels:

(i) magma;

............ 1 mark

(ii) liquid lava;

............ 1 mark

(iii) old solid rock.

............ 1 mark

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(b) When magma and lava cool, they form a hard crystalline rock. What is the name of this type of rock? Tick the correct box.

igneous rock

metamorphic rock

sedimentary rock 1 mark

(c) The changes listed below take place when a volcano erupts. Which one of these changes could be reversed? Tick the correct box.

Old rock is heated to form a different rock.

Sulphur burns to form sulphur dioxide.

Water is heated to form water vapour. 1 mark

(d) Ash from a volcano dropped into a lake. All the fish in the lake were killed and buried under the ash in the mud at the bottom of the lake.

The photograph below shows the remains of a fish millions of years later.

(i) The photograph shows the body parts which supported the fish. Give the name of these body parts.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

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(ii) Give the name for animal and plant remains that are found in a rock after millions of years.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

Maximum 7 marks

Q11. The diagram shows four different layers of sedimentary rock in a cliff.

(a) Which layer of , A, B, C or D, is probably the oldest?

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) Igneous rock is formed when magma cools.

Choose from the following words to complete the sentences below.

gas liquid metal solid

(i) Igneous rock is a ............................................................................... 1 mark

(ii) Magma is a ........................................................................................ 1 mark

(c) Rocks are put into groups according to the way they are formed. The groups are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.

(i) To which group does sandstone belong?

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

(ii) In which group are fossils never found?

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

Maximum 5 marks

of 48

Q12. Linda had a piece of red sandstone.

She hammered it into pieces and then ground them into a powder using a pestle and mortar.

She put the powder into a measuring cylinder with water and shook the mixture. The contents settled.

(a) Linda said her results showed that sandstone is a mixture of two substances.

How could she tell, from the results, that sandstone is a mixture of substances?

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

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(b) Linda then poured the cloudy water from the measuring cylinder through filter paper in a filter funnel.

She said there might be salts dissolved in the colourless, clear liquid that came through the filter.

(i) What could Linda do to find out if there were salts dissolved in the colourless, clear liquid?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) What would she see if there had been salts dissolved in the colourless, clear liquid?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(c) Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Four stages in the formation of sedimentary rock are listed below. They are not in the correct order.

compacted deposited weathered transported

Put these stages in the correct order. One has been done for you.

stage 1 ................weathered...................

stage 2 .....................................................

stage 3 .....................................................

stage 4 ..................................................... 1 mark

Maximum 4 marks

of 48

Q13. (a) (i) When sedimentary rock is buried it may change into metamorphic rock.

Describe two causes of this change.

1. .........................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................... 2 marks

(ii) Name a rock formed by the metamorphism of limestone.

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

(b) Metamorphic rock can be changed to form igneous rock.

Give two main processes which are involved in this change.

1. ..................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 2 marks

(c) Igneous rock may be changed back into sedimentary rock. The list shows four of the processes involved in this change.

burial weathering deposition transport

These processes must take place in a particular order. Place the four processes in the correct order.

1. ............................................................

2. ............................................................

3. ............................................................

4. ............................................................ 1 mark

Maximum 6 marks

Q14. (a) The table gives the names of three different rocks and how they are classified.

name of rock class of rock

granite igneous

marble metamorphic

shale sedimentary

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In the table below, draw lines to connect the name of each rock to the description of how the rock was formed and then to the correct description of features of the rock.

3 marks

(b) The diagram shows a section through a limestone cliff.

Diagram: Mary Jones, Geoff Jones, David Acaster, Cambridge Coordinated Science: Chemistry, 1993

(i) There are caves in the limestone. Explain how chemical weathering causes caves to form in limestone.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………… 2 marks

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(ii) Limestone is a porous rock. Water can enter the spaces in limestone. Describe how this causes physical weathering of the limestone.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………… 2 marks

Maximum 7 marks

Q15. (a) Analysis of the texture of a rock gives information about the conditions in which the rock formed.

Crystalline textures form when:

• liquid cools and solidifies or • rocks are heated while remaining in the solid state or • water evaporates from a solution.

Fragmental textures form when pieces of rock or animal shell are cemented together.

Foliated textures form when crystals grow inside solid rocks in the direction of least pressure.

Use this information to complete the table below.

Place a in the correct box or boxes in each row. 3 marks

of 48

(b) (i) Volcanic rocks are formed from lava. An intrusion forms when magma flows into other rocks and then cools down.

Describe and explain the difference in the crystalline texture of volcanic rock and rock formed from an intrusion.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 2 marks

(ii) Obsidian is a glass-like volcanic rock which can form under water. It contains no crystals. Suggest why obsidian contains no crystals.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

Maximum 6 marks

Q16.

(a) Claire is sitting in her bedroom listening to music. The sound she hears is produced by the loudspeaker in her radio.

of 48

(i) What is the loudspeaker doing to produce the sound?

Tick the correct box.

blowing

filtering

spinning

vibrating 1 mark

(ii) How does the sound get from the radio to Claire?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(iii) What part of Claire’s ear detects the sound?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(b) Lorna is in the school hall. The fire alarm rings and Lorna walks away from it.

(i) When Lorna is further away, how loud does the alarm sound to her?


It sounds louder than before.

It sounds quieter than before.

It sounds the same as before. 1 mark

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(ii) When Lorna is further away, how does the pitch of the alarm sound to her?


It has a higher pitch than before.

It has a lower pitch than before.

It has the same pitch as before. 1 mark

Maximum 5 marks

Q17. The diagram below shows part of the human ear.

We can hear somebody speaking because sound waves enter our ears.

(a) (i) What do our eardrums do when sound waves reach them?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

of 48

(ii) Sometimes a lot of wax is produced in the ear. The wax rests against the eardrum, as shown above.

Give one reason why we cannot hear very well when our ears contain a lot of wax.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(b) The table below shows the lowest and highest frequencies that five living things can hear.

living thing

lowest frequency (Hz)

highest frequency (Hz)

human 20 20 000

sparrow 300 20 000

dog 20 45 000

cat 20 64 000

rabbit 300 42 000

(i) Which three living things from the table cannot hear a frequency of 43 000 Hz?

.............................. and .............................. and .............................. 1 mark

(ii) From the table, choose the living thing that can hear the biggest range of frequencies.

............................................................. 1 mark

maximum 4 marks

Q18. The dotar is a musical instrument with two strings.

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(a) Aftal plays the dotar very quietly.

What must he do to the strings to make a louder sound?

.........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) Aftal makes the strings tighter so they vibrate more quickly.

How does this affect the sound produced by the strings? Tick the correct box.

The sound has a lower pitch.

The sound is louder.

The sound has a higher pitch.

The sound is quieter. 1 mark

(c) One of the strings is thicker than the other, so it vibrates more slowly.

In what way is the sound made by the thicker string different from the sound made by the thinner string?

......................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(d) Aftal played the dotar near a microphone connected to an oscilloscope. The diagrams below show the patterns made by four sounds.

of 48

(i) How does the sound shown in trace A differ from the sound in trace B?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... 1 mark

(ii) How does the sound shown in trace A differ from the sound in trace C?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q19. (a) The diagrams below show the patterns produced on an oscilloscope by three different sound waves.

(i) Which two waves have the same loudness? Write the letters.

............ and ............

How do the diagrams show this?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... 1 mark

(ii) Which two waves have the same pitch? Write the letters.

............ and ............

How do the diagrams show this?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... 1 mark

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(iii) Shuli is listening to a sound that produces the pattern below.

Describe how the sound that Shuli hears changes between X and Y.

............................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) The table below shows the maximum time a person can listen to music at different sound levels without damage to the ear.

Estimate the maximum time a person could listen to a sound of 87 decibels.

............ hours 1 mark

sound level (decibels) maximum time (hours)

86 8

88 4

90 2

92 1

94 0.5

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(c) The diagram below shows part of the human ear.

What happens to the ear drum as a sound gets louder?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q20. Three pupils took part in an investigation into the speed of sound. All three pupils stood 1020 m from an explosion.

• Sylvia wore a blindfold.

• Paul wore ear defenders.

• James wore a blindfold and ear defenders. He rested his head on a wooden stick pushed into the ground so that he could feel vibrations.

The explosion produced sound and light at the same time. The table shows the speed of sound in two different materials.

material Speed of sound (m/s)

air 340

soil 3200

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(a) Use all the information above to help you answer parts (i) and (ii) below.

(i) In which order would the pupils notice the explosion?

first ......................................................................................................

second ................................................................................................

third ..................................................................................................... 1 mark

(ii) From the information given, calculate the time it would take for the sound to travel through the air to Sylvia.

.............................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... s 1 mark

(b) Another pupil, Nasah, stood 2000 m away from the explosion.

(i) The sound heard by Nasah was quieter than the sound heard by Sylvia. The further sound travels the quieter it becomes. Give the reason for this.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) The oscilloscope trace below represents the sound Sylvia heard.

The sound Nasah heard was quieter but the pitch was the same.

On the right-hand grid, draw the trace to show the pattern of the sound Nasah heard.

2 marks maximum 5 marks

of 48

M1. (a) (i) Light

accept ‘sunlight’ do not accept ‘Sun’

1 (L3)

(ii) support 1 (L4)

(b) no water if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4)

(c) minerals if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L3)

(d) C if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4) [5]

M2. (a) oxygen 1

(b) carbon dioxide do not accept light

1

water do not accept chlorophyll

1

(c) D if more than one letter is given award no mark

1

(d) (i) chlorophyll 1

(ii) blue or red

if blue and red are both ticked award the mark, but if green is ticked award no mark

1

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(e) any two from

• as an energy source or for respiration

accept ‘for energy’ or ‘for food’

• to make starch accept ‘for growth’ or ‘as a starting

• to make cellulose material for other compounds’ 2

[8]

M3. (a) • chloroplast

accept ‘chlorophyll’ 1 (L6)

any one from

• photosynthesis accept ‘it produces food or glucose or sugar or carbohydrate’ ‘contains chlorophyll’ is insufficient

• absorbs or traps light 1 (L6)

(b) • nucleus 1 (L6)

• it controls the cell accept ‘it tells the cell what to do’ ‘brain of the cell’ is insufficient accept ‘it transfers or contains genetic information or chromosomes’ do not accept ‘for reproduction’ ‘it controls substances entering or leaving the cell’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(c) any two from

• A

• B

• D accept ‘chloroplast’ or ‘chlorophyll’ accept ‘vacuole’ accept ‘cell wall’

1 (L6)

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(d) • it has chloroplasts or chlorophyll

accept ‘it is green’ ‘it is a different shape’ is insufficient ‘it does not have a hair’ is insufficient

1 (L6) [6]

M4. (a) (i) respiration 1 (L7)

(ii) carbon dioxide is produced accept ‘maggots breathe out carbon dioxide’

1 (L7)

(b) (i) photosynthesis 1 (L7)

(ii) any one from

• carbon dioxide is used up

• carbon dioxide reacts with water in the plant accept ‘the carbon dioxide reacts with water’ ‘carbon dioxide is absorbed’ is insufficient do not accept ‘the carbon dioxide reacts with water in the tube’

1 (L7)

(c) any one from

• carbon dioxide produced by respiration was used up in photosynthesis

• carbon dioxide produced by the maggots is used in photosynthesis

• carbon dioxide produced by the maggots was used by the leaves answers must refer either to respiration or maggots and photosynthesis or leaves ‘the concentration of carbon dioxide remains unchanged’ is insufficient

1 (L7) [5]

M5. (a) 6CO + 6H O → C H O + 6O

the first mark is for giving the correct formulae all three formulae in the correct places are required for the mark reactants may be in either order the second mark is for correctly balancing the equation

2

2 2 6 12 6 2

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(b) CO2

H2O

both formulae are required for the mark formulae may be in either order

1

(c) because octane contains hydrogen and carbon accept ‘because octane contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen’ or ‘because they contain the same elements’ or ‘because octane is a hydrocarbon’ do not accept ‘they contain similar elements’ or ‘they have similar formulae’

1

(d) 2CH4 + 3O

2 → 2CO + 4H

2O

the first mark is for giving the correct formulae all four formulae in the correct places are required for the mark reactants may be in either order products may be in either order the second mark is for correctly balancing the equation accept ‘4CH

4 + 6O

2 → 4CO + 8H

2O’

or ‘CH4 + O

2 → CO + 2H

2O’ for both marks

2 [6]

M6. (a) •

if all three lines are correct, award two marks if one or two lines are correct, award one mark if more than one line is drawn from any part of the solar system, award no credit for that part

2 (L3)

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(b) •

award one mark for the Sun in the correct position award one mark for both Earth and Neptune in the correct positions

2 (L3)

Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

(c) (i) any one from

• weather forecasting accept ‘weather’

• communications accept ‘phone’ or ‘fax’

• telescopes

• global positioning system accept ‘GPS’

• TV

• spying accept ‘taking photographs’

• internet 1 (L4)

(ii) • gravity if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4) [6]

M7. (a) Both the correct ball and the correct reason are required for the mark.

the bowling ball because it has the greatest mass or it is the heaviest

do not accept ‘because it is bigger’ ‘the bowling ball because it is bigger’ insufficient

1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• they are the same diameter accept ‘they are the same size’

• they produce the same air resistance or friction 1 (L5)

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(c) (i) they would both reach the ground at the same time 1 (L5)

(ii) air resistance accept ‘friction’

1 (L5)

(iii) either

• the feather and the hammer landed at the same time 1 (L6)

• there is no atmosphere or air resistance or air on the moon 1 (L6)

or

• they would take longer to fall on the moon 1 (L6)

because there is lower gravity than on the Earth do not accept ‘there is no gravity on the moon’

1 (L6) [6]

M8. (a) • X: the Sun 1 (L5)

• Y: Mercury 1

(b) any two from

• it has a longer orbit

• it is further from the Sun

• the Sun’s gravity is less

• it is slower accept ‘it has a bigger orbit’ accept ‘it has a greater distance to cover’ accept ‘it is further out’ accept ‘Mars is closer to the Sun’ accept ‘there is a smaller gravitational pull on it’ ‘it is further away’ or ‘it is further’ are insufficient

2 (L6)

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(c) (i) any one from

• the orbit times were the same

• it came at regular intervals

• they saw it every 76 years accept ‘he took 1531 from 1607 and 1607 from 1683’

1 (L6)

(ii) • 2062 1 (L5)

[6]

M9. (a) dot in line with Jupiter and the Sun on the 3rd circle out, between the Sun and Jupiter

both the correct circle and the correct position of the dot on the circle are required for the mark the label E is not required

1

(b) because the Earth is travelling faster than Jupiter accept ‘because the Earth is travelling faster’ or ‘the Earth is overtaking’ accept ‘because Jupiter takes longer to orbit’ do not accept ‘because the stars are very far away’

1

(c) ratio of distances = 6.3 : 1.5 1

35 minutes accept 6.2 – 6.4 and 1.4 – 1.6 accept a time between 30 and 40 minutes

accept the correct time for both marks even if no working is shown 1

[4]

M10. (a) (i) C 1 (L3)

(ii) A 1 (L3)

(iii) D 1 (L3)

accept ‘ ’ for one mark 1.5 the unit is required for the mark

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(b) igneous rock if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4)

(c) water is heated to form water vapour if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4)

(d) (i) skeleton or bones

accept ‘spine’ or ‘backbone’ or ‘ribs’ or ‘skull’ accept ‘scales’

1 (L3)

(ii) fossils 1 (L4)

[7]

M11. (a) D 1 (L3)

(b) (i) solid 1 (L3)

(ii) liquid 1 (L3)

(c) (i) sedimentary 1 (L4)

(ii) igneous 1 (L4)

[5]

M12. (a) any one from

• it contains more than one substance which are not chemically combined accept ‘substances are not combined’

• they can be separated by physical means or by sedimentation or filtration

accept ‘they can be separated easily’

• she sees a red and a brown layer accept ‘there are layers’ accept ‘it splits into sand and clay’

1 (L5)

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(b) (i) any one from

• heat the liquid

• evaporate the water accept ‘leave it until the water had gone’ accept ‘leave it on a radiator’ accept ‘distill it’ ‘leave it’ is insufficient

1 (L5)

(ii) a deposit left behind accept ‘a deposit’ or ‘a salt’ or ‘a solid’ or ‘crystals’ mark parts (b) (i) and (b) (ii) together

1 (L5)

(c) transported deposited compacted

all three processes in the correct order are required for the mark

1 (L5) [4]

M13. (a) (i) high or large pressure 1 (L6)

high temperature 1 (L6)

answers may be in either order accept ‘large forces’ do not accept ‘pressure’ accept ‘heat’ do not accept ‘temperature’

(ii) marble 1 (L6)

(b) heating or melting 1 (L6)

cooling or solidifying or crystallising 1 (L6)

answers may be in either order accept ‘rising’ or ‘moving to a cooler place’

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(c) 1 weathering

2 transport

3 deposition

4 burial answers must be in the correct order all four required for the mark

1 (L6) [6]

M14. (a) Both the line from the name of the rock to the method of formation and to the features of the rock must be correct for the mark.

3 (L6)

(b) (i) acidic water drains through cracks accept ‘rain is acidic’

1 (L7)

water reacts with limestone or calcium carbonate

accept ‘limestone dissolves’ 1 (L7)

(ii) any two from

• low temperatures make water freeze in cracks accept ‘water freezes in cracks’

• water expands as it freezes

• ice expanding breaks up the limestone accept ‘ice forces the rock apart’

2 (L7) [7]

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M15. (a)

award one mark for each correct row both ticks are required for the mark

3

(b) (i) any one from

• crystals are smaller in volcanic rock

• crystals are larger in an intrusion 1

any one from

• volcanic rock cools more quickly accept ‘there are more nuclei for crystallisation in volcanic rock’

• an intrusion cools more slowly accept for 1 mark ‘gas holes are present because gas cannot escape’

1

(ii) it cools too quickly accept ‘it cools very quickly’ or ‘it supercools’

1 [6]

M16. (a) (i) vibrating

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• as a wave accept ‘by vibrating air’

• through the air

• in a straight line 1 (L3)

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(iii) ear drum accept ‘drum’ or ‘cochlea’

1 (L3)

(b) (i) It sounds quieter than before if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L3)

(ii) It has the same pitch as before if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L3) [5]

M17. (a) (i) vibrate

accept ‘move in and out’ ‘move’ is insufficient

1 (L4)

(ii) any one from

• it stops the sound waves or vibrations reaching our eardrums

accept ‘it stops sound reaching our eardrum’ accept ‘it absorbs sound’ accept ‘it blocks the ear’

• it stops the eardrum vibrating accept ‘it stops the eardrum moving in and out’

• the eardrum vibrates less accept ‘soundwaves are reflected by the wax’

1 (L3)

(b) (i) human and sparrow and rabbit accept ‘bird’ for sparrow answers may be in any order all three answers are required for the mark

1 (L4)

(ii) cat 1 (L4)

[4]

M18. (a) pluck them harder

‘make the strings vibrate more or move more do not accept ‘make the strings vibrate more quickly’

1 (L5)

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(b) The sound has a higher pitch if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L5)

(c) the sound from the thicker string has a lower pitch or a lower frequency

accept ‘it has a lower pitch or a lower frequency’ accept ‘the sound from the thicker string is louder or ‘it is louder’ answers must include a comparison ‘it is lower’ is insufficient

1 (L5)

(d) (i) the sound in A has a higher pitch or a higher frequency

accept’ it has a higher pitch or higher frequency’ answers must show a comparison ‘the vibrations are quicker’ is insufficient ‘it is higher’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(ii) the sound in A is louder accept ‘it is louder’ accept ‘the sound in C is quieter’ accept ‘it has a greater amplitude’ ‘the vibrations are stronger or of greater amplitude’ is insufficient do not accept ‘it is higher’

1 (L6) [5]

M19. (a) (i) • A and C

letters may be in either order both the letter and the correct explanation are required for the mark

their amplitudes are the same accept ‘the waves are the same height’ ‘the height of the waves’ is insufficient accept ‘they are equally tall’ ‘they are big or tall’ is insufficient ‘taller waves are louder’ is insufficient do not accept ‘they are equally long’

1 (L6)

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(ii) • B and C letters may be in either order both the letter and the correct explanation are required for the mark

their frequencies are the same accept ‘the waves are the same distance apart’ ‘the distance apart of the waves’ is insufficient ‘the less spaced out the waves, the higher the pitch’ is insufficient accept ‘the wave lengths are the same’ ‘they are the same length or thickness or width’ is insufficient accept ‘there are the same number of waves’

1 (L6)

(iii) • its pitch becomes higher accept ‘the frequency gets higher’ ‘it gets higher’ is insufficient ‘it becomes high’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(b) • any number between 4.5 and 7.5 hours (inclusive) 1 (L5)

(c) any one from

• it vibrates with a greater amplitude accept ‘it moves more’

• it has larger vibrations accept ‘burst ear drum’ ‘it vibrates harder’ and ‘it vibrates more’ are insufficient responses do not accept ‘it vibrates faster’

1 (L5) [5]

M20. (a) (i) Paul, James, Sylvia

accept ‘light’; ‘vibration’; ‘sound’ answers must be in the correct order all three answers in the correct order are required for the mark

1 (L7)

(ii) 3

1 (L7)

accept

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(b) (i) the energy or the sound is more spread out

accept ‘some of the sound is absorbed by the air’ accept ‘the amplitude decreases’ ‘vibrations decrease’ is insufficient

1 (L7)

(ii)

award one mark for a wave with a smaller amplitude award one mark for a wave with the same frequency award the marks for a wave with the correct amplitude and frequency but which is not centred on the middle line of the grid or which is not in phase with the drawn wave the marks may be awarded for a wave drawn on Sylvia’s grid

2 (L7) [5]

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