Year 3 History

The Romans in Britain

Name: __________________________________________

Class: ___________________________________________

PART ONE: What was life like before the Romans?

PART TWO: What were the religious beliefs of the Celts?

The Celts believed in many gods and goddesses: over 400 in fact. Among them were:

Sucellos, the sky god, with a hammer that caused lightning,

Nodens, who made clouds and rain.

Many gods had no names, but lived in springs, woods and other places. Offerings to the gods were thrown

into lakes, rivers and left by springs and wells.

Celtic priests, called Druids, were the link between the supernatural world and the ordinary human one.

They were able to predict what would happen in the future by interpreting nature. It is likely that they

knew how to read and write, and they certainly had a good grasp of mathematics. They knew something of

medicine and law, and they could trace the stars and the planets. The main centre of the druids in Britain

was Anglesey, in Wales.

1) Did the Celts believe in one God or in many? ____________________________________

2) What was the name of priests in the Celtic religion? _______________________________

3) Who was the god of the sky? ________________________________________________

PART THREE: How does this fit with our story of Britain so far?

Jesu

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r 0

Bro

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Age

2100 B

C

Iron A

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750 B

C

2018

The

Tudors

1485-1

603

Norm

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1066

Sto

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3000 B

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Cel

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sett

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500 B

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What did the Romans believe?

The Romans had lots of different gods and goddesses. There were gods for almost everything, like thunder,

love, war, wisdom and even the sewer in Rome.

The Romans were always trying to keep on the good side of their gods. They made offerings at temples and shrines

to make them happy.

They also borrowed new gods from the people they conquered, like the goddess Isis from Egypt and Mithras from

Iran. Some emperors were declared gods too, usually after they died. They hoped this would make emperors even

more powerful and respected.

Later on the Romans became Christians. Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire by the

Emperor Constantine in the 4th century AD. Before then, Christians got into trouble because they refused to

worship the emperor as a god. Some Christians were arrested and put to death.

Who were the Roman Gods?

Jupiter

Juno

Minerva

Neptune

Venus

Mars

Apollo

Diana

Vulcan

Vesta

Mercury

Ceres

What message would my God deliver to Caesar?

My God/dess is ____________________________________________________________________

They are the God/dess of ____________________________________________________________

How might they appear to Julius Caesar? ____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Stick the picture of your God or Goddess here!

Romans in Britain Lesson 2: Roman Empire

PART 1 Quizzing

1. Before the Roman invasion, people living in Britain were mostly

a) Cavemen

b) Celts

c) Vikings

d) Anglo Saxons

2. Most people lived in

a) Large cities

b) Villages

c) Scotland

d) Hill forts

3. Which is these is the correct order:

a) Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Romans

b) Bronze Age, Iron Age, Stone Age, Romans

c) Iron Age, Romans, Stone Age, Bronze Age

d) Stone Age, Romans, Iron Age, Bronze Age

4. Which two of these are famous Prehistoric landmarks?

a) Skara Brae

b) Stonehenge

c) London Bridge

d) Tower of London

5. When did the Iron Age begin?

a) 750BC

b) 2,100BC

c) 90,000BC

d) 50BC

6. Who was the main God of the Romans?

a) Jupiter

b) Zeus

c) Bacchus

d) Neptune

7. Name one other God/dess and what they were God or Goddess of

______________________________ was the God/Goddess of _________________________________

PART 2: How did the Roman Empire begin?

Romulus and Remus were twin boys born to a princess named Rhea Silvia. Their father was

the fierce Roman god of war, Mars. The king where the boys lived was scared that someday

Romulus and Remus would overthrow him and take his throne. So he had the boys left in a basket on

the Tiber River to die. The boys were found by a she-wolf who cared for them and protected them

from other wild animals.

One day Remus was captured and taken to the king, who discovered his true identity. Romulus

gathered some shepherds to rescue his brother and the two boys ended up killing the king. When the

city learned who the boys were, they offered to crown them as joint kings. They could be rulers of

their homeland. However, they turned down the crowns because they wanted to found their own city.

The twins left and set out to find the perfect spot for their city.

The twins found the place where they wanted to found Rome. However, they each wanted to place the

city on a different hill.

Romulus went ahead and started building a wall around his hill (the Palatine). However, Remus was

jealous and began to make fun of Romulus' wall. At one point Remus jumped over the wall to show

how easy it was to cross. Romulus became angry and killed Remus.

With Remus dead, Romulus continued to work on his city. He officially founded the city on April 21,

753 BC, making himself king, and naming it Rome after himself.

1) Who was the father of Romulus and Remus? __________________________________

2) What was the name of the river in Rome? ____________________________________

3) Why did the king leave the boys to die? ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

4) Who rescued the twins? _______________________________________________________

5) On which hill did Romulus start to build his city? ______________________________________

6) How did Rome get its name? ____________________________________________________

Now watch the film of the spread of the Roman Empire

PART THREE: How does this fit with our story of Britain so far?

Jesu

s born

Yea

r 0

Bro

nze

Age

2100 B

C

Iron A

ge

750 B

C

2018

The

Tudors

1485-1

603

Norm

al C

onqu

est

1066

Sto

ne

Age

3000 B

C

Ro

me

fou

nd

ed

753 B

C

Fir

st i

nvasi

on

of

Bri

tain

55B

C

Sp

read

of

the

Rom

an

Em

pir

e a

cross

Eu

rop

e

510B

C o

nw

ard

s

PART FOUR: What part did the Standards play in making the Roman army so successful?

Draw your design for a Roman Standard

Romans in Britain Lesson 3: Boudicca PART 1 Quizzing 1. Who founded Rome?

e) Emperor Claudius f) Julius Caesar g) Romulus and Remus h) Ant and Dec

2. What was the name of the best Roman soldiers?

a) legionnaires b) marines c) standards

3. Name 3 reasons why the Roman army was successful

a) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PART 2: Why did the Romans invade Britain?

The Roman leaders believed that Britain was full of valuable materials: precious metals such as tin, gold, silver as well as other commodities like corn, leather, wool and slaves.

The Romans didn’t just want goods from Britain, they also wanted to invade to show how powerful they were By conquering more and more countries and making their Empire bigger, it made Rome more powerful. A famous writer, Virgil, said at the time:

“Remember you are Roman. It will be your job to rule over other countries, so that the world becomes peaceful and everyone obeys Roman law.”

Julius Caesar was the first Roman leader to try to invade Britain in 55BC. He was very ambitious and wanted to show the rest of Rome what a good leader he was. Caesar failed in his mission but 98 years later, Emperor Claudius sent his General Aulus Plautius to try again, and this time the invasion was a success.

The three main reasons for the Roman invasion of Britain were:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .

The first Roman invasion of Britain was led by ______________________ ____________in ___________ BC. This was unsuccessful.

The Roman army successfully invaded Britain in ________________ BC led by General ________________________ and

commanded by _____________________________________________________________________.

PART THREE: How does this fit with our story of Britain so far?

Jesu

s born

Yea

r 0

Bro

nze

Age

2100 B

C

Iron A

ge

750 B

C

2018

The

Tudors

1485

-1603

Norm

al C

onqu

est

1066

Sto

ne

Age

3000 B

C

Sec

on

d i

nvasi

on

of

Bri

tain

43 A

D

Cla

ud

ius

&

Au

lus

Pla

uti

us

Bou

dic

ca's

rev

olt

60-6

1A

D

Fir

st i

nvasi

on

of

Bri

tain

55B

C

Ju

liu

s C

aes

ar

Ro

me

fou

nd

ed

753 B

C

Map showing the route of the Roman Invasion of Britain: Map showing the Roman Conquest of Britain:

PART FOUR: The Story of Boudicca.

Boudicca was queen of the Iceni people of Eastern England and led a major uprising against

occupying Roman forces.

Boudicca was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England

in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died the Romans decided to rule the Iceni

directly and confiscated the property of the leading tribesmen. They are also said to have flogged Boudicca and her daughters.

These actions exacerbated widespread resentment at Roman rule.

In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni

rebelled. Members of other tribes joined them.

Boudicca's warriors successfully defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the capital of Roman Britain, then at

Colchester. They went on to destroy London and Verulamium (St Albans). Thousands were killed. Finally, Boudicca was

defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. Many Britons were killed and Boudicca is thought to have poisoned herself to

avoid capture. The site of the battle, and of Boudicca's death, are unknown, though are though to be near Watling Street.

The Roman army went on to conquer large parts of England. Hadrian's Wall was a wall built by Emperor Hadrian, then

ruler of Britain, South of the border between England and Scotland, to keep out the Barbarian hordes. The wall marked the

NW edge of the Roman Empire. Although they never defeated the tribes of Scotland, the Romans controlled the lands south of

Hadrian’s Wall.

Label these events in the order that they happened. The first has been done for you

Boudicca led the Iceni attacks on the Roman army at Colchester, London

and St Albans: 80,000 dead.

Boudicca and her daughters poison themselves rather than be captured

by Romans

1 43BC Successful Roman invasion of Britain

Romans go back on their promise to allow the Iceni to rule themselves

60BC Death of Prasutagus, Boudicca’s husband

Boudicca’s army defeated by General Paulinus

PART FIVE: Was Boudicca a hero?

Write a diary entry in role as a warrior in Boudicca’s army. Include your character’s opinion about whether Boudicca was a

hero.

Word bank

Dear Diary,

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Romans in Britain Lesson 4: Road, buildings and towns PART 1 Quizzing 1. Who tried to invade Britain in 55 BC?

i) Emperor Claudius j) Julius Caesar k) Romulus and Remus l) Ant and Dec

2. When did Aulus Plautius lead the successful invasion?

a) 55 AD b) 43 BC c) The year 0 d) 43 AD

3. What was the name of Boudicca's tribe?

a) Picts b) Celts c) Iceni d) Scots

4. When did Boudicca's resistance army fight? a) 60-61 AD b) 1066 AD c) 55 BC d) 1483 AD

5. In which cities did Boudicca defeat the Romans (circle all the correct answers)

d) Colchester e) London f) York g) Hastings h) St Albans

6. Name 3 Roman God or goddesses:

a) ______________________________________ was the god/dess of __________________________________________________________

b) __________________________________________ was the god/dess of ___________________________________________________

c) ____________________________________________ was the god/dess of _______________________________________________

PART 2: How do we know about the Romans in Britain?

PART 3: What were the main Roman engineering innovations?

PART 4: Which was the most important Roman invention?

Which invention did your group choose?

PART 5: Based on what you have learned today, would you rather live as a Celt or a Roman?

We chose ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

This is important because _________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Before it was invented _______________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

If it hadn't been invented ____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Romans in Britain Lesson V: Laws, language and numerals PART 1 Quizzing 1. When did Julius Caesar invade Britain?

e) 55 BC f) 43 BC g) The year 0 h) 55 AD

2. Who led the successful invasion in 43 AD?

a) Julius Caesar b) Aulus Plautius c) Boudicca d) Brutus

3. Who led the resistance to Roman invasion?

e) Cleopatra f) Prasutagus g) Bouddica h) Emperor Claudius

4. Name three important engineering inventions of the Romans

d) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

f) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. How do we know about Roman life in Britain? ________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PART II: History detectives!

Look at the words you have been given. Can you put them in order?

Correct order Origin

PART III: History detectives! Look at the list of words. What do you think they mean? Can you think of any other similar words?

Meaning Similar words

I aqua

II optimus

III cent

IV circus

V forma

VI iocus

VII liber

VIII locus

IX magnus

X quadrus

PART IV: Why are rules and laws important?

Why are rules and laws important?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Should people who break rules be punished?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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