Yash 3 Intro
-
Upload
madhuri-gupta -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Yash 3 Intro
-
7/29/2019 Yash 3 Intro
1/3
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH:
The principal objective of research it to find solutions toproblems in a systematic way. In general, the
objectives of research can be specified as: To acquire familiarity with a phenomenon. To study the
frequency of connection or independence of any activity or occurrence. To determine the
characteristics of an individual or a group of activities and the frequencyof the occurrence of these
activities. To test a hypothesis about a causal relationship that exists between variables.The first step in
research is setting the objectives for which their study is to be undertaken.It is essential that objectives
are set before hand. The objectives must be hierarchical,quantifiable, realistic and verifiable.The main
objective of this study is to study how the employees value for rewards andrecognition (non-monetary
rewards) in Tata Consultant.
Period of study:
The time period was three months for the study, starting from January to March _ _ _ _.
DataUsed:
The type of data collected comprises of Primary data and Secondary data.Primary data is the first hand
data collected from the employees. It was collected throughquestionnaire.Secondary data for the study
has been compiled from the reports and official publication of the organization, which have been helped
in getting an insight of the present scenarioexisting in the operation of the company.
Method and Research DesignPURPOSE
The method section answers these two main questions:1. How was the data collected or generated?2.
How was it analyzed?In other words, it shows your reader how you obtained your results.But why do
you need to explain how you obtained your results?We need to know how the data was obtained
because the method affects the results. Forinstance, if you are investigating users' perceptions of the
efficiency of public transport inBangkok, you will obtain different results if you use a multiple choice
questionnaire than if you conduct interviews. Knowing how the data was collected helps the reader
evaluate thevalidity and reliability of your results, and the conclusions you draw from them.
Often there are different methods that we can use to investigate a researchproblem. Your methodology
should make clear the reasons why you chose a particularmethod or procedure.The reader wants to
know that the data was collected or generated in a way that isconsistent with accepted practice in the
field of study. For example, if you are using aquestionnaire, readers need to know that it offered your
respondents a reasonable range of answers to choose from (asking if the efficiency of public transport in
-
7/29/2019 Yash 3 Intro
2/3
Bangkok is "a.excellent, b. very good or c. good" would obviously not be acceptable as it does not
allowrespondents to give negative answers).The research methods must be appropriate to the
objectives of the study. If youperform a case study of one commuter in order to investigate users'
perceptions of theefficiency of public transport in Bangkok, your method is obviously unsuited to
yourobjectives.The methodology should also discuss the problems that were anticipated andexplain the
steps taken to prevent them from occurring, and the problems that did occurand the ways their impact
was minimized.In some cases, it is useful for other researchers to adapt or replicate yourmethodology,
so often sufficient information is given to allow others to use the work. Thisis particularly the case when
a new method had been developed, or an innovativeadaptation used.During the capital budgeting
process answers to the following questions are sought:
y
What projects are good investment opportunities to the firm?
y
From this group which assets are the most desirable to acquire?
y
How much should the firm invest in each of these assets
WHAT IS CAPITAL BUDGETING?
Capital budgeting is a required managerial tool. One duty of a financial manager is tochoose investments
with satisfactory cash flows and rates of return. Therefore, a financialmanager must be able to decide
whether an investment is worth undertaking and be ableto choose intelligently between two or more
alternatives. To do this, a sound procedure toevaluate, compare, and select projects is needed. This
procedure is called capitalbudgeting.Capital budgeting is investment decision-making as to whether a
project is worthundertaking. Capital budgeting is basically concerned with the justification of
capitalexpenditures.
Current expenditures are short-term and are completely written off in the same yearthat expenses
occur. Capital expenditures are long-term and are amortized over a periodof years are required by the
IRS.
-
7/29/2019 Yash 3 Intro
3/3
CAPITAL IS A LIMITED RESOURCE
In the form of either debt or equity, capital is a very limited resource. There is a limit to thevolume of
credit that the banking system can create in the economy. Commercial banksand other lending
institutions have limited deposits from which they can lend money toindividuals, corporations, and
governments. In addition, the Federal Reserve Systemrequires each bank to maintain part of its depositsas reserves. Having limited resources tolend, lending institutions are selective in extending loans to their
customers. But even if abank were to extend unlimited loans to a company, the management of that
companywould need to consider the impact that increasing loans would have on the overall cost of
financing.In reality, any firm has limited borrowing resources that should be allocated among thebest
investment alternatives. One might argue that a company can issue an almost unlimited amount of
common stock to raise capital. Increasing the number of shares of company stock, however, will serve
only to distribute the same amount of equity among agreater number of shareholders. In other words,
as the number of shares of a companyincreases, the company ownership of the individual stockholder
may proportionallydecrease.The argument that capital is a limited resource is true of any form of
capital, whetherdebt or equity (short-term or long-term, common stock) or retained earnings,accountspayable or notes payable, and so on. Even the best-known firm in an industry or acommunity
can increase its borrowing up to a certain limit. Once this point has beenreached, the firm will either be
denied more credit or be charged a higher interest rate,making borrowing a less desirable way to raise
capital.Faced with limited sources of capital, management should carefully decide whether aparticular
project is economically acceptable. In the case of more than one project,management must identify the
projects that will contribute most to profits and,consequently, to the value (or wealth) of the firm. This,
in essence, is the basis of capitalbudgeting