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Yasemin Abayhan, Deniz Sahin, Orhan Aydn, Gonca Ciffiliz, Hayal Yavuz, Savas Ceylan, Alp Giray KayaRelationships Between Parental Psychological Control, Rejection Sensitivity and Prosocial/Aggressive Behaviors in Younger Adolescents1Literature ReviewRecent research suggests that some parenting behaviors such as support and control are related to adolescents positive and negative developmental outcomes (Been, Barber and Crane, 2006; Kerr and Statin, 2000).Parental support includes parental behaviors representing a well-established positive dimension of parenting.Parental controlling can be conceptualized as covering both negative and positive parenting dimensions.

2Literature Review Types of parents control attempts such as to control the childs behavior versus to control the childs self might have positive and negative consequences.

Barber (1996) argues:Parental control has to be separated by two control types such asPsychological Control and Behavioral Control

3Literature ReviewBehavioral Control

Parental behaviors of monitoring and regulating adolescents behavior.Providing structure on their functioning (Steiner, 2005).4Literature ReviewPsychological Control

Intrusive parental practices to the adolescents autonomy.Manipulating their psychological and emotional worlds.Utilizing emotional strategies to control adolescents behaviors.Hindering their self expressions.Parents control the adolescents inner state (Steiner, 2005).

5Literature ReviewParents use of psychological control are most strongly related to negative developmental outcomes such as;Low self-esteemLow self-confidenceLow academic achievementIdentity development (Barber and Buehler, 1996; Barber and Harmon, 2002).6Literature ReviewAs Steinberg (1990) stated, healthy adolescent development is associated with higher levels of behavioral control but lower levels of pscyhological control.

In pscyhological control parents are using emotional strategies in order to control adolescents behaviors.

Therefore, they can induct the feeling of guilt or they can ignore and minimize the warmth and compassion behaviors which can be associated with the term of rejection sensitivity.

7Literature ReviewWhat is Rejection Sensitivity?

People have a tendency to avoid rejection in daily life.Some people interpret the ambiguous negative cues as a rejection and start anxiously expect rejection and overreact to rejection (Downey et al, 2004; Romero-Canyas & Downey, 2005; Pietrzak, Downey & Ayduk, 2005).

8Literature ReviewRejection Sensitivity> cognitive-affective processing dynamic or disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive and react in an exaggerated manner to cues of rejection in the behavior of others (Downey & Feldman, 1996).

Expectations of rejection facilitate subjective perceptions of rejection, which cause behaviors that evoke objective rejections, reinforcing expectations of rejection.

9Literature ReviewRS stems from early experiences of both parental and peer rejection (Downey & Feldman, 1996; Pietrzak, Downey & Ayduk, 2005).

Early parental rejections which include cruelty, hostility, physical and emotional neglect and abuse are internalized by children as a legacy of rejection (Feldman &Downey, 1994).

10Literature ReviewPsychological control could be perceived as associated with parental rejection it may be related with rejection sensitivity.

Socially excluded people either act prosocially in order to gain acceptance or act aggressively regain control. As a negative developmental outcomes of pscyhological control, adolescents can use aggression and/or prosocial behavior as a cooping strategies of both rejection sensitiviy and psychological control.11The Aim of the Current StudyTherefore, the current study aims to answer three questions;1- Does psychological control predicts rejection sensitivity?

2- Does psychological control and rejection sensitivity predict both aggressive and prosocial behaviors of adolescents?

3- Does pscyhological control and rejection sensitivity predict both aggressive and prosocial behaviors of adolescents according to their sex?12MethodParticipants were 297( 147F, 150M) students from 6th (96=58F, 38M) 7th (73=31F, 42M) and 8th(128=58F, 70M) grades from a state junior high school.13MethodInstrumentsParental Psychological Control Scales Maternal and paternal 8-item psychological control scales with a 4-point response rate, developed by Barber (1996) and adapted to Turkish by Sayl and Kndap (2010) were used. Cronbach Alpha coefficients for the Turkish version of the mother form is .89 and the father form is .79.14MethodInstrumentsChildrens Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ):

CRSQ developed by Downey, Lebolt, Rincon and Freitas (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Abayhan, Sahin,Yavuz, Aydn and Giray (2008) was used. It is a 12 item scale with a 6-point response rate. Cronbach Alpha coefficients for the anxiety expectation and anger expectation dimensions of the Turkish version are .89 and .79 respectively. 15MethodInstrumentsAggressive and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire developed by Boxer, Tisak, Goldstein (2004) and adapted to Turkish by Bayraktar, Kndap, Kumru, Sayl (under revision) was used. It is 25 item scale with a 4-point response rate. Aggressive behavior dimension consists of 10 items. Prosocial behavior is consisted of altruistic, proactive and reactive prosocial behavior dimensions. Cronbach Alphas of the Turkish version are .90 for the aggressive behavior, .75 for the altruistic, .84 for the proactive and .78 for the reactive prosocial behavior dimensions.16MethodProcedure

-Participants filled out the questionnaires during class time.

-Average administration lasted for 30 minutes.17ResultsA series of hierarchic analyses were performed to explore the predictive abilities of the parental psychological control variable and the anxiety expectation and anger expectation dimensions of the rejection sensitivity variable on aggressive and prosocial behaviors of younger adolescents18Research Questions- 1Does pscyhological control predicts rejection sensitivity?

Predicted Variables: Anger expectations and anxiety expectationsPredictor: Maternal and paternal psychological control19Predicted Variable: Anxiety ExpectationAnxiety expectation dimension scores of the rejection sensitivity were first regressed on maternal psychological control scores and then on the paternal psychological control scores

20Predicted Variable: Anxiety ExpectationMultiple R was found to be significant in the first model [R=.152, R(sqchange)=.023, F(1, 295) =6.932, p