Yaroslav KouzminovRector

Higher School of Economics www.hse.ru

Structure of the Russian Higher Education System: Types of Russian Higher Education

Institutions

Key Impact Factors on the Structure of the Russian Education System (1990s-2010s)

1. Demographic changes and trends2. Higher education massification and increasing access 3. Emergence of the private sector (private HEIs, tuition places in state HEIs)4. Appearance of new stakeholders (citizens, employers, etc.) having interests of

their own 5. Emergence of new economic sectors (new labor markets) and decline of a

number of sectors6. Changing status of the academic profession7. Changing “rules of the game”: appearance of new mechanisms and

redistribution of student flows in education (USE exam) and abandonment of old mechanisms (mandatory job placement for graduates)

8. Public structural reforms in higher education9. International agenda of education reform and globalization

Indicators: research productivity and intensiveness; level of competitiveness (in particular, on regional education markets); level and quality of HEI internal diversification (specialization); (in particular, for specialized industrial HEIs); ability to attract talents. Data: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Monitoring Study of Admissions Quality (HSE, 2009-2014), HEIs Effectiveness Monitoring (2012-2014).

Sample: 426 state and 491 private HEIs , 1482 regional branches

HEI Types % of Russian national admissions

Research universities 14%

Infrastructural HEIs 24%

Specialized industrial HEIs 13%

Mass HEIs- including regional branches

43%13%

Private HEIs-Specialized-Mass

6%

Structure of the Russian Education System: Types of Higher Education Institutions

5:100 Universities in Russian Higher Education

Indicators5:100

universities

Leading universities

(National research univeristies & Federal

universities)

Public HEIs All HEIs

Average score of Unified State Examination

74,9 69,1 63,5 58,3

R&D per faculty member, th.₽ 831,2 660,7 346,8 276,7

Share of foreign students, % 6,9 4,7 4,3 4,7

Share of master students 13,7 12,1 4,9 4,3

Citations in Web of Science per 100 faculty members

340,0 173,8 50,2 37,6

Number of publications Web of Science per 100 faculty members

30,8 17,7 5,0 4,1

Number of journals being published 9,2 8,4 3,4 2,5

Current situation Target situation for assuring

“healthy” system diversityGlobal research universities 15 HEIs of the 5-100

Program (2020) striving to enter global rankings

50 global universities

Internationally oriented HEIs in the humanities and social sciences

RSHU

10-15 HEIs

Liberal arts universitiesSmolny Institute

10-15 HEIs

Specialized private HEIs with an engineering or medical nucleus Russian New University,

Dubna University

15-20 HEIs

Small master’s research universitiesNew Economic School, European University in Saint-Petersburg

15-20 universities

HEI Types Lacking in Russian Higher Education

Flagship University National HE

System

Mission: Education and Research

Social Function

Governance and Accountability

• Active positioning in HE system• Works on a specific territory (country,

macroregion or region)• Selective student admissions

• Bachelor’s programs• Master’s programs• Graduate programs• Research• Involvement in international networks

• Involvement in national and regional development

• Technology transfer• Continuing education• Work with schools

• Institutional autonomy• Multilevel governance system• Academic freedom• Quality assurance

Characteristics of the Flagship University Model