Yaqoub almatouq, ministry of social affair & labor
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Transcript of Yaqoub almatouq, ministry of social affair & labor
Eng. Yaqoub AlmatouqRefrigeration Expert
Kuwait National Ozone Unit
25 – 26 January 2011 - Kuwait
DISTRICT COOLINGENVIRONMENTALLY STRATEGIC OPTION
Outline
Environmental viewpoint Potential role of district cooling Implementation related concerns
2District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
Outline
Environmental viewpoint Potential role of district cooling Implementation related concerns
3District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 4
Current Environmental Challenges
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion• Addressed by the Montreal Protocol, 1987 (196
countries)− Mandatory phase-out of ODSs (CFCs, HCFCs,… etc.)
Global Climate Change• Addressed by Kyoto Protocol, 1997 (150 countries)
− Control greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, SF6, PFC)
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 5
Montreal Protocol Adjustment
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 6
Highest HCFC Consuming Parties (above 5,000 MT)
# Country 2006 2007 20081 China 289,395 321,462 276,9702 USA 111,688 113,071 101,7383 India 10,665 22,779 36,1424 Republic of Korea 29,790 35,030 35,1255 Brazil 15,739 27,814 32,5876 Mexico 23,128 25,645 21,8667 Saudi Arabia 13,244 16,142 21,1558 Russia 15,210 18,509 20,4059 Thailand 15,653 15,714 16,209
10 Japan 13,198 12,998 14,16411 Turkey 15,293 16,612 13,72712 UAE 7,137 7,668 9,05213 Canada 9,916 9,652 8,81814 Malaysia 6,907 7,447 6,90315 Kuwait 5,153 6,478 6,75916 Argentina 4,477 6,165 6,42417 Egypt 4,608 7,798 6,34318 Indonesia 5,398 5,162 5,39819 Nigeria 644 1,728 5,332
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
Options For HVAC Refrigerants
Fluorocarbons “Natural” Refrigerants
Class 1High ODP CFC’s
Non- Ozone Depleters(Kyoto Protocol)
Ozone Depleters(Montreal Protocol)
Class 2Low ODP HCFC’s
Higher GWP Lower GWP
R-11R-12R113R-500
R-22R-123
R-134aR-410AR-407C
R-32R-152a
PropaneButaneCO2
Ammonia
-Toxicity Concerns-Efficiency Concerns-Cost Concerns
-ODP Concerns-GWP Concerns- Flammable
GWP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
GWP
GWP
GWP
GWP
GWPGWP
GWP
GWP
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 8
TEAP 2010 Progress Report The report “scoping study on alternative to HCFCs refrigerant under high
ambient temperature conditions” was published by UNEP Technology and economic assessment panel.
The TEAP report stated that the current known replacement refrigerants for the HCFC-22 are blends of refrigerants some of which have low critical point temperature, such as R-407C and R-410A.
From thermodynamic viewpoint, the capacity and efficiency of the AC decline rapidly as the condensing temperature approaches the critical temperature of the refrigerant.
According to TEAP report, R-410A degrades 10% compared to R-22 at 65 C condensing temperature (i.e., approximately 55 C ambient temperature)
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 9
Capacity Relative to HCFC-22 (% of HCFC-22)
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 10
Outline
Environmental viewpoint Potential role of district cooling Implementation related concerns
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 11
Why DC is an Option Maturity of the technology Renewable energy can be easily employed (variety of refrigeration
cycles, such as VCRC and ARC). Sound technology for utilizing:
• toxic refrigerants.
• flammable refrigerants.
Higher potential for optimization of:• Energy efficiency (e.g., network diversity, chillers operating at optimal
conditions, and thermal storage)
• System performance. (e.g., availability of prompt and large thermal capacity)
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 12
Outline
Environmental viewpoint Potential role of district cooling Implementation related concerns
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 13
Implementation Related Concerns
Cost (initial and running cost) Durability: longevity of district cooling components
compared to conventional AC systems. Reliability: capability to provide the required cooling capacity
at sever condition. Serviceability: the repair period in case of malfunctions. Expandability: cost of more cooling due to building
expansion, and the ease of system (e.g. plant and piping network) capacity improvement.
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option 14
More Concerns
Technical support: the professionalism of the DC operators and technicians.
Validity of design: sizing, selection, integration of the DC components with the buildings they will serve.
Monopoly of DC service.• can the end user select/change between different
providers of DC.
• How and who will control the cost of DC service.
Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011
“ The only way you can predict the future is to build it “ - Alan Kay
Eng. Yaqoub Almatouq
15District Cooling: Environmentally Strategic Option Kuwait District Cooling Summit 2011