yachting Boat Owners Manual

Boat owners maintenance manual

4 Primers and Undercoats Types, Guide to use, Paint systems, Application hints

8 Antifoulings Guide to use, Paint systems, Application hints

16 Topcoats Colours, Types, Selection guide, Paint systems, Application hints

26 Wood treatments and Varnishes Types, Guide to use, Paint systems, Application hints

32 Osmosis. Fiberglass hull treatments Osmosis process, Paint systems, Application hints, Repair systems

36 Fillers Colours, Types, Paint systems, Application hints

38 Bilges- Engines Bilges -Guide to painting,. Engines - Colours, Finishes, Paint systems

40 Boatcare products - Additives - Thinners Products and Guide to use

45 Health and safety Protect yourself and the environment

46 Colours and colourchart

Contents

Jotun has issued this guide in order to help boat owners enjoy carefree sailing. Founded in Norway, Jotun is a world leader in marine markets. We’ve been developing innovative products for the harshest environments since 1926, and we’re setting new standards to this day.Our comprehensive product range is presented here in a logical fashion. Our products have been designed to cover all your painting needs, including specifi c products forvery specifi c applications. We’ve also included detailed information about product types, surface preparation and application hints, all of it designed to help you complete your painting work as quickly and easily as possible.Jotun Yachting wants you to be proud of your yacht.

Jotun Yachting solutions forGOOD MOMENTS AT SEA

Good momentsat sea!

2 3

Yachting (E).indd 2-3Yachting (E).indd 2-3 15/4/09 19:36:2915/4/09 19:36:29

Types of Primers and UndercoatsWhat is a primer and what is an undercoat? A primer is a product developed to provide adhesion to the substrate to be painted, while undercoat is a link layer between the primer and the fi nishing coats (whether antifouling or topcoat). They can be either two-pack or one pack products.There are several Jotun Yachting primers that can be used on any part of the boat. There are three types of two-pack products and a one-pack primer. The difference between them is the degree of hardness, their waterproofi ng properties, adhesion properties to different substrates, anti corrosive properties, ease of application and volume solids/high build properties. The choice will have an effect on the paint system’s durability in the long term. All Jotun primers can be applied both on exterior areas as well as on underwater hulls (although Speed Undercoat is not recommended for underwater areas).

Primers and Undercoats

ANTIPEST AntiPest is a two-pack epoxy, suitable as a long exposure undercoat for epoxy and polyurethane systems and designed to prevent the osmosis in fi breglass boats. AntiPest can be used both as primer for all types of substrates, including steel, fi bre glass, aluminium and marine timber, and as intermediate adhesion undercoat, for polyurethane or antifoulings on top of epoxy primers. Ideal product for priming gelcoat before applying antifoulings.

SPEED UNDERCOAT Two-pack polyurethane undercoat, giving a very quick drying surface and pro-viding a very smooth surface, specially after sanding with fi ne paper. It is the perfect surface prepara-tion before the application of two-pack topcoats like TopGloss.

VINYL PRIMER One-pack, vinyl modifi ed, primer and sealer, aluminium pigmented for increased water resistance. Good adhesion on wood and on top of old antifoulings, being the ideal sealer for all these cases. Quick drying.

VINYL PRIMER SPRAY One-pack, aluminium pigmented vinyl modifi ed primer specially developed for those areas to be coated with Aqualine Spray, such as stern drives, outboard engines, propellers, etc. and it is a quick drying product.

EPOXY YACHT HB Two-pack, epoxy mastic primer, with impressive waterproofi ng properties, be-ing the ideal primer for a perfect anticorrosive protection system for steel, and against osmosis in fi berglass hulls. Very waterproof product and, thanks to its special adhesion properties, can be applied on top of corroded surfaces once they are clean. Due to its extreme hardness it provides a high resis-tance to abrasion and long durability.

PRODUCTS

4 5


Application hints1. STIRRINGIt is essential to thoroughly stir any type of paint, but this is even more critical for two-pack products, other-wise the correct drying will not be achieved and it will not provide the expected protection. There could also be adhesion problems with the subsequent coats. For one litre cans use a wooden/metallic stirrer, but for big-ger can sizes, use a mechanical one. The stirrer should be totally clean to avoid contamination of the paint.

2. SURFACE PREPARATIONIt is absolutely essential to apply paints on top of totally cleaned surfaces, and on a proper surface profi le as this aids adhesion. Basic steps to follow are: • Wash down with fresh water to remove dust, salts and other contamination. If grease or oil are present

then the surface must be degreased.• Sand the surface with dry medium grade paper (P150–P180) for fi berglass and even coarser for wooden

surfaces. On steel substrates, blasting is the best method but, when not possible, matt the surface with very coarse grade paper or any other mechanical method, but always take care to avoid polishing the metal as this will impare adhesion of the paint.

• Apply the necessary coats of primers as specifi ed in the table opposite.• Finally, apply the topcoat or the antifouling, depending on the area being treated.

3. APPLICATION TOOLS• Spray: Airless spray is the best method for priming, due to its better wetting properties, the fi lm formation

and thickness applied without dilution etc. Alternatively, conventional spray can be used as well, but more coats will be necessary to achieve the specifi ed fi lm thickness and protection.

• Roller: A medium or short sized mohair roller, resistant to solvent is recommended. Alternatively a foam roller can also be used, but with this type there will be more air entrapment, so extra brushing work to remove air will be needed.

• Brush: For small areas or touch up works, it should also be solvent resistant. It is important to use only a good quality brush as its will not lose fi bres which may then be left on the paint fi lm.

4. APPLICATIONApply the recommended coats. Avoid applying under adverse conditions such as strong wind, high sunlight/heat (specially at noon in summer time), low temperatures or high humidity or rain. It is also not recommen-ded to add solvents as these reduce the thickness applied and there will be more risk of sagging, splashes, etc. In case of high temperatures or strong wind, it is possible to add between 5% and 10% (maximum) of solvent. Always consider the actual conditions in order to improve application and drying. If necessary add only Jotun thinners as recommended for each product.

GENERAL ADVICE FOR GOOD PRIMING WORK• Do not apply primers in very high or very low temperatures, in strong sunlight or strong wind.• Wet the surrounding fl oor area to avoid dust on wet paint.• Stir the product thoroughly and repeat during application.• Use high quality solvent resistant rollers and brushes (mohair or foam type).• Consider the pot life of the product after mixing both components.• Check the minimum and maximum recoating interval as stated in the technical data sheets. This is a criti-

cal factor when using two-pack products.

STEEL

STEEL

FIBERGLASS

FIBERGLASS

Cleaning

Cleaning

Preparation

Preparation

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

High pressure fresh water washing and degrease with BoatWash if necessary

High pressure fresh water washing and degrease if necessary

AntiPest

AntiPest

AntiPest

AntiPest

AntiPest

Speed Undercoat

Selected antifouling

TopGloss or TopOne

Selected antifouling

TopGloss or TopOne

Clipper 1

Vinyl Primer

Clipper I (5-15 coats wet-on-wet until total absorption)

Vinyl Primer

Vinyl Primer

Vinyl Primer

Vinyl Primer

TopOne or Shipolin

TopOne or Shipolin

Epoxy Yacht HB

Epoxy Yacht HB

Epoxy Yacht HB

Epoxy Yacht HB

AntiPest

Speed Undercoat

TopGloss or TopOne

TopGloss or TopOne

Dry sanding with P150–P180 grade




Mechanical

Mechanical

Mechanical

Mechanical

ALUMINIUM

ALUMINIUM

WOOD

WOOD

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

Guide to the use of Primers & Undercoats

PAINT SYSTEM FOR UNDERWATER HULLS On top of new substrate or totally sanded/blasted surface:

PAINT SYSTEM FOR TOPSIDES & EXTERIOR AREAS On top of new substrate or totally sanded/blasted surface:

6 7


Why do we use antifoulings?The most common maintenance carried out with paints is the application of antifoulings. This is necessary for perfect sailing as it is more diffi cult to keep the hull clean once fouling starts. This will lead to loss of speed, increased fuel consumption, da-mage to the paint system, blocking of water pipelines, etc. Also it is more diffi cult to remove fouling after it has developed. The basic purposes of the antifoulings are:• Prevent or reduce any animal or algae fouling • Help to achieve desired speed with less friction• Reduce fuel consumption by reducing water resistance• Avoid fouling penetration of the paint, and improving

protection of the hull.

Growth of foulingGrowth of fouling depends on several factors like water quality, temperature, salinity and the depth of the berth point. There may well be large differences in ports located near to each other due to the presence of grey water spillage, pollution of the port by various contaminants, no regeneration of the water, any nearby rivers, rain fall, vegetation, etc.The number of species also has an infl uence. Antifouling products are intended to protect against up to 4,000 different types of fouling species living in the oceans. They can be classifi ed as:• Macro fouling: including animals and algae• Micro fouling: normally referred to as slime, which is a viscous mixture of bacteria and other mi-

croscopic organisms.

Antifoulings

8 9


Antifouling technology

As a consequence, it is very important to choose the correct type of antifouling for the boat. To choose cor-rectly, we must take into account the sailing profi le and type of waters in which we are sailing and berthing. Application of antifoulings should not be a problem if certain basic rules are followed.

The most important question we should ask before applying antifouling is how to determine if the product to be applied is compatible with the existing system on the boat. There are three ways of fi nding out:

1. If we know the type of antifouling already applied, we just need to consult the compatibility chart in this chapter and follow the instructions.2. If the type of antifouling applied is unknown, a sealer coat should be applied by using Vinyl Primer, followed

by the antifouling.3. If the present system is in poor condition, some cracking is present or detachments have taken place, the

existing coats of paint must be removed until a sound substrate (paint or original gelcoat) is available. After sanding to improve adhesion, a new coat of AntiPest followed by the selected antifouling should be applied.

There are many different types of antifoulings based on the working mechanism of the binder, but we can split them into three main groups:

TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY

SELFPOLISHINGThe biocide and the resin are dissolved in a predictable manner. As a result there is always a new fresh layer of antifouling in contact with the sea water keeping a regular leaching rate of the biocides throughout the whole service life of the product.

All round technology for most types of boats. Ideal for cruisers and sailing lovers. Boat can be stored or trailed without re-painting before launching. The most effi cient Antifouling.

HARDHere the binder is insoluble, so the leaching rate of the biocide is not constant and the performance of the product decreases progressively throughout the season.

Abrasion resistant product, easy to sand and ideal for fast motor boats.

THIN FILMAfter application it leaves a thin, hard and smooth fi lm.

This is a hard paint fi lm with very low volume solids. Avo-ids “build up” of antifouling. Gives a thin, hard and super smooth fi lm for minimal friction in the water. Especially suitable for racing sailing yachts.

NonStopNonStop Low CuNonStop EcoMare Nostrum SPAqualine Spray

RacingRacing EcoRacing Low Cu

Racing Ultraspeed

White and GreyWhite and GreyAll ColoursWhiteAll colours

White and GreyAll Colours

FIBRE, STEEL, WOOD ALUMINIUM

Some antifouling products may not be available in your country. Please contact your local Jotun offi ce for detailed information.

Choose the ideal Antifouling

Paint SystemsOn top of new substrates or completely paint free hulls:

FIBREGLASS ALUMINIUM STEEL**WOODLIGHT WEIGHT METALS ***


Sanding with P150–P180 grade

3 x AntiPest

2 x Antifouling*

Mechanical Mechanical

2 x AntiPest 2 x Epoxy Yacht HB

1 x AntiPest

NS + R White/Grey. MN SP White

2 x Antifouling*



5-15 x Clipper I

2 x Vinyl Primer 2 x Vinyl Primer Spray

2 x Antifouling* 2 x Aqualine Spray

1

2

3

4

5

6

Cleaning

Preparation

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Key: ★★★ Excellent ★★ Good ★ Suitable

NS = NonStopMN = MareNostrumSP = Self PolishingR = Racing

* NonStop Eco and Racing Ultras-peed require a sealer coat of Vinyl Primer on top of any epoxy primer for adhesion properties. Refer to TDS for detailed information.

** Use the same paint system for pro-pellers or other items made of bronze, steel or lead.

*** Drives, fl aps, propellers etc made of light alloys or aluminium.

SELF POLISHING HARD MATRIX THIN FILM

TYPE OF BOATNonStop NonStop

EcoMareNostrum SP

Aqualine Spray

RacingRacing Ultraspeed

Sailing boats ★★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★★

Regatta boats ★★ ★ ★★ ★★★

Cruising boats ★★★ ★ ★★ ★★

Aluminium & Light Metal Parts White/grey ★ White/grey ★★★ White/grey

High speed ★★ ★★ ★★★

Motor boats ★★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★

High fouling areas ★★★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★

Fresh water areas (lakes) ★★★ ★

Propellers, fl aps, etc (Not made of light metal) Same antifouling as for the main hull

10 11


12 13

PRODUCT AREA OF USECOVERAGE (PER COAT)

CLEANING DRYING TIME 23°C 15°C 10°C COLOUR

NONSTOP Very effi cient, top-class selfpolishing anti-fouling product, based on special controlled polishing binders, assuring a totally active surface. For all types of boats, providing an excellent result for a whole season. Only white and grey colours are recommended for aluminium hulls.

Allround technology for all types of boats.Ideal for cruisers and sailing lovers. Boat can be sto-red or trailed without re-painting before launching. The most effi cient Antifouling

10.4 m2/ltr. Jotun Thinner no.7 Recoatinginterval 8 h 10 h 12 hLaunchingtime, min 12 h 16 h 24 hLaunching time,max No max No max No max

Dark blue Blue

Red Black

Grey White

NONSTOP ECO Advanced waterborne, selfpolishing antifouling without copper and other biocides, with a physical antifouling effect. Suitable for aluminium hulls.

For all types of boats with speed up to 25 knots in any lakes, satisfying the strictest regulations.

10 m2/ltr. Jotun Thinner no.7 Recoatinginterval 5 h 10 h 15 hLaunchingtime, min 24 h 36 h 48 hLaunching time,max No max No max No max

Light blue

Grey White

MARE NOSTRUM SP Effi cient selfpolishing antifouling based on special binders, assuring a totally active sur-face. For all types of boats, providing a good result. Only white colour Is recommended for aluminium hulls.

For most types of boats 10 m2/ltr. Jotun Thinner no.7 Recoatinginterval 8 h 10 h 12 hLaunchingtime, min 12 h 16 h 24 hLaunching time, max No max No max No max

White Blue

Red Black

RACING Advanced hard antifouling that gives a hard, smooth and polishable surface. No chalking. For boats cruising in all ranges of speed. Specially suitable for high speed boats. Only white and grey colour are recommen-ded for aluminium hulls.

Can be used on most types of boats. Abrasion resis-tant product, easy to sand and ideal forfast motor boats.

10 m2/ltr. Jotun Thinner no.7 Recoatinginterval 8 h 16 h 24 hLaunchingtime, min 8 h 16 h 24 hLaunching time,max No max No max No max

White Blue

Dark blue Red

Grey Black

RACING ULTRASPEED Thin-fi lm hard antifouling that gives a very smooth surface and no build-up of fouling. It is especially suitable for racing sailing yachts. Its smooth surface enhances speed. The product dries quickly and does not require polishing, permitting fast haul-outs. It is not recommended for aluminium hulls.

Especially suitable for racing sailing yachts. 10.7 m2/ltr. Jotun Thinner no.7 Recoating interval 1 h 2 h 3 hLaunching time, min 3 h 4 h 6 hLaunching time,max 1 week 1 week 1 week

Copper Black

AQUALINE SPRAY Specially developed selfpolishing antifouling product for drives, fl aps, shafts, outboard motors and other light metal components below the water-line.

For drives, fl aps, shafts, outboard motors and other light metal components below the water-line.

10 m2/ltr. Jotun Thinner no.7 Recoating interval: Apply atleast 2 thin layers with 15-20 minutes between the coats

Launching time,min 8 h 16 h 24 hLaunching time,max 3 mth 3 mth 3 mth

White Grey

Black


OLD ANTIFOULINGIN GOOD CONDITIONS

OLD ANTIFOULINGIN GOOD CONDITIONS

NEW ANTIFOULING (TO BE APPLIED)

NEW ANTIFOULING (TO BE APPLIED)

Selfpolishing antifoulings

Recoating Compatibility Chart

Hard antifoulings

NonStop

Racing

NonStopMare Nostrum SPAnd other SP AF’s

NonStopMare Nostrum SPAnd other SP AF’s

PerformanceRacingAnd other Hard AF’s

PerformanceRacingAnd other hard AF’s

Unknown

Unknown

Racing Ultraspeed and other Thin Film AF’s

Racing Ultraspeed and other Thin Film AF’s

MareNostrum SP

Racing Ultraspeed

Apply directly once the surface is dry and clean.

Wet sand with a medium grade sand paper and rinse well with fresh water. Apply new coat once the surface is dry and clean.

Wet sand with a medium grade sand paper and rinse well with fresh water. Apply one sealer coat of Vinyl Primer.

Do not apply any paint. Complete removal of existing paint is necessary.

How much antifouling will I need?

To avoid fouling it is a matter not only of the antifouling type but also the application and fi lm thickness applied. For these reasons it is important to know the correct number of litres required, therefore the total area in square metres should be calculated: As a quick guide, consult the following chart with draft calculations of litres based on each boat type.

4,5

MOTOR BOAT SAILING BOAT LARGE KEEL BOAT

15

8

2

Length (m)

Length (ft)

Area (m2)

Litres required

6

20

12

3

7.5

25

20

5

9

30

24

6

11.5 9

38 30

34 22

8.5 5.5

4,5 11.5

15 38

6 34

1,5 8.5

6 6 9

20 20 30

9 13,5 28

2.5 3.5 7

7.5 7.5 11.5

25 25 38

14 21 38

3.5 5.5 9.5

How to paint?

1. Protection

Before starting any job, the waterline must be protected as well as any other area which is not to be painted. This can be done with solvent resistant plastic (like 3M type). It is also important to protect yourself with pro-per overalls, gloves, goggles and mask.

2. Stirring

It is essential to thoroughly stir any type of paint but this is even more critical in the case of antifoulings as some ingredients, such as copper and zinc, may have a tendency to settle during shelf life. Use a mechanical or wooden/metallic stirrer. The stirrer must be perfectly clean to avoid contamination of the paint.

3. Application tools

• Roller: Use a mohair type roller, this must be solvent resistant. For Thin Film AF’s a short haired roller has to be used.

• Brush: For small areas or touch up works. This should also be solvent resistant.

4. Application

Apply the total calculated quantity of litres, even if this requires several coats, otherwise the applied thickness will not be enough. Areas with more friction are the fore part, water line and aft part, near the propellers. An extra coat on those areas is recommended to increase fouling protection.

Avoid applying in adverse weather conditions, like strong wind, strong sunlight, high temperatures (especially at noon in summer time), low temperatures or high humidity or rain. It is also not recommended to add sol-vents to antifoulings as this will reduce the thickness applied and increase the risk of sagging, splashes, etc.

5. Propellers, rudders, fl aps

These parts are produced from different materials, the most common being bronze or light alloys, less often they are aluminium and rarely steel. In the case of aluminium or light alloys, only Aqualine or Antifoulings in White or Grey colours should be used.

14 15


Foto

: Get

ty Im

ages

First impression

Topcoats provide the fi rst impression of your boat. Although often considered only as an aesthetic matter, the topcoat is an important part of the full system which protects your boat. Topcoats are, in fact, the fi rst barrier against the environment and, of course, they make the boat look good.

Which steps should be followed for perfect painting of the topsides of your boat?

Topcoats

1. Substrate

2. Surface preparation

3. Topcoats

4. Maintenance

As explained before perfect preparation is the key to obtaining a prestigious fi nish, re-gardless of the type of product used. It is essential to apply at least one coat of primer and, if necessary, to apply fi ller to obtain an even surface. Substrate must be sanded to obtain good adhesion and a very smooth and defect-free surface.

Topcoats which provide the best durability, gloss retention and hardness are two-pack polyurethanes. However, nowadays there are one-pack enamels which are much easier to apply and have a very high degree of gloss.

It is possible that some maintenance may have to be carried out periodically especially on those areas with more abrasion weathering. Once again, polyurethanes offer the highest resistance to abrasion, but one-pack enamels are easier to recoat without visible touch up marks.

Maintenance can be done at fi rst stage with boat care products and at later stage by recoating the existing paint with new coats to restore gloss, colour and protection for long periods.

Type of substrate is important, especially if it is a wooden boat. On top of steel, alu-minium or fi berglass, apply any type of product, but on top of wood it is advisable to use one-pack products for its better fl exibility, or two-pack fl exible products otherwise some cracking or peeling may take place. Based on this, we can choose our preferred type of topcoat.

16 17


Application: How much paint will I need?

To calculate the necessary litres, we should know the square metres of the surface to be painted. A very sim-ple way to do it is by measuring the distance from the waterline to the deck multiplying it by the total length. This has to be multiplied by the two sides of the boat plus the area of the aft part. Obviously this calculation is only approximate since boats have different designs. In the case of sailing boats the aft part is usually smal-ler due to its design.

Now it is time to divide this area by the spreading rate of each product (information available in the can and the technical data sheets). With these calculations we can establish the number of litres required to paint the boat. As a quick guide, please refer to the below approximate litres for each boat type.

6

SAILING BOAT MOTOR BOAT

20

9

2

Waterline length (m)

Waterline length (ft)

Area (m2)

Litres required

7.5

25

14

3.5

9

30

22

5.5

11.5

38

34

8.5

6

20

12

3

7.5

25

20

5

9

30

24

6

11.5

38

34

8.5

Colours

Historically, paint producers had a limited range of colours available for customers to choose from to paint their boats. Although it is a fact that the most common colours are white and dark blue, there is wide variety of shades of those colours, and nowadays there is a large range of colours which can be seen on all types of boats.

Understandably everyone wants their boat to have an individual style. For this reason, Jotun Yachting offers a new colour range with more colours than ever before, plus the option to have special colours thanks to the Jotun Multicolour System.

18 19


Types of fi nishes

Basically we can choose among two different one-pack products and one two-pack topcoat. The main dif-ference is the degree of gloss, elasticity and application properties. Obviously, this will also have an effect on the long term durability of the system.

Some products may not be available in your country. Please contact your local Jotun offi ce for detailed information.

TOPGLOSS Two-pack polyurethane topcoat, with a high degree of gloss and an exceptional hardness which gives extra protection against abrasion. A professional fi nish can be achieved, even with roller or brush. Very good levelling properties as well as gloss and colour retention. Gloss level 90*

SHIPOLIN One-pack rapid dry, alkyd based thixotropic topcoat for pleasure boats with excellent brush and roller application properties, giving a high gloss surface. To be used on deck house and other steel or wooden constructions above water line. Gloss level 80*

TOPONE One-pack enamel, based on urethane modifi ed alkyd binder, giving very good application properties when applied by roller or brush, with a very glossy fi nish and good abrasion resistance, but keeping good fl exibility. Ideal for wooden boats. Gloss level 85*

PRODUCTS

20 21


Application: How to paint?

The best method for applying topcoats is by conventional spray. This method will provide a very smooth and glossy fi nish as it requires high dilution and paint is “transported” by air which helps to level the surface. It requires the correct equipment and a certain expertise to get the desired fi nish. In addition some protection of adjacent areas is necessary to avoid dry spray contaminating the rest of the boat.However, brush and roller are very effective methods, very easy to use and they will provide a very good and professional fi nish.

1. Protection

Before painting it is advisable to protect all areas which are not going to be painted. Use a solvent resistant plastic (like 3M type). It is also important to protect yourself with an overall, gloves and a mask. In the case of spray application there will be lot of paint mist, thus it is important to carefully protect the underwater area as well as the deck.

Note: If the antifouling has already been applied protect all the underwater area to avoid dust, paint mist and any other type of contamination that may affect the performance of the antifouling.

2. Stirring

It is essential to thoroughly stir any type of paint, but this is even more critical with two-pack products, as drying will not be correct and it will not provide the expected gloss and hardness. For one litre cans use a wooden/metallic stirrer, for bigger can sizes use a mechanical stirrer. The stirrer must be totally clean to avoid contamination of the paint.

3. Application tools

• Spray: Recommended but not always possible.• Roller: A medium or short sized mohair roller, resistant to solvent, is recommended. Alternatively a foam

roller can be used, but with this type there will be more air entrapment, requiring extra brushing work to remove air brush: For small areas or touch up works, also to be solvent resistant. It is important that it is a good quality brush so that it will not loose fi bers that may be left on the paint fi lm.


Regardless of the application method, a professional fi nish can be achieved as long as the surface prepara-tion is undertaken correctly, as this is the key factor. All areas to be painted must be washed down with fresh water to remove dust, salts and other contamination. If grease or oil is present the surface must be degrea-sed with BoatWash.

Once the surface is clean and dry sanding should be carried out to obtain adhesion and a smooth and defect free surface. The surface should be matt or semi-glossy, then follow the system below:1. Apply one primer coat as per the specifi cation chart .2. If the surface has defects due to scratches, holes, etc. apply fi ller is necessary. Let it dry and sand carefully

with a P240 – P360 degree sand paper.3. After the fi ller apply an extra coat of primer to seal the fi ller and prevent any solvent and resin entrapment

which may affect the fi nal gloss as fi llers are more porous than coatings.4. Sand with P360-P400 sand paper.Thorough clean the surfacebefore topcoating.5. Finally, apply the topcoat.

5. Application

Apply by roller. Just after roller application, gently brush the paint’s surface in a vertical direction using a wide, high quality brush. This is known as the «roll and tip» method. For spray application Jotun can be contac-ted for detailed information on the technique to be used. When using roller or brush, apply two coats of the topcoat. By doing this the level out properties are increased thus obtaining a high gloss fi nish, more uniform thickness and better durability and resistance.

Avoid applying under such adverse conditions as strong wind, high sunlight/heat (especially at noon in summer time), low temperatures, high humidity or rain. It is also not recommended to add solvents as this will reduce the thickness applied and there will be a greater risk of sagging, splashes, etc. In the case of high temperatures or strong wind, it is acceptable to add between 5% and 10% (maximum) of solvent. Consider the actual conditions in order to improve application results and drying conditions. If necessary add only Jotun thinners as recommended for each single product.The best fi nish is obtained by crossing coats: the product has to be applied fi rst in diagonal or horizontal direction and then re-paint vertically. By doing this better leveling will be achieved, air can be more easily released and there will be a more uniform fi nish. It is advisable to use good quality brushes and rollers in order to avoid fi bres on the wet paint. This working method should be repeated for all the following coats.

General advice to get a good fi nish• Do not apply in very high or very low temperatures, under strong sunlight or strong wind.• Wet the fl oor around to avoid dust on wet paint.• Stir the product thoroughly and every now and again during application.• If possible share the job between 2 people.• Use high quality rollers, mohair type or foam type, as those used for enamels.• Use high quality brushes as those used for enamels. For the last coat an absolutely clean used brush

should be used.• Apply by roller and re-paint by brush just afterwards.• Keep the brush at 45º to avoid brush marks.

22 23


FIBERGLASS ON TOP OF TWO-PACK PRODUCTS

FIBERGLASS

ALUMINIUM

ALUMINIUM

WOOD ON TOP OF ONE-PACK PRODUCTS

WOOD

STEEL

STEEL

Cleaning Cleaning

Cleaning

SurfacePreparation

SurfacePreparation

SurfacePreparation

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

High pressure fresh water washing and degrease with BoatWash if necessary High pressure fresh water washing and degrease with BoatWash if necessary


Sand fi rst with a P80–P180 grade sand paper, fol-lowed by P240-P320 grade

Light sanding with fi ne sand paper as P280-P360 and removal of dust


Mechanical

Mechanical



Clipper I (5-15 coats wet-on-wet until total absorp-tion)

Clipper I (5-15 coats wet-on-wet until total absorp-tion)

Vinyl Primer

Epoxy HB

Mechanical

Mechanical

AntiPest

AntiPest

Speed Undercoat

AntiPest

AntiPest

TopGloss or TopOne

TopGloss or TopOne

Speed Undercoat

TopOne or Shipolin

TopGloss

TopOne or Shipolin

TopGloss

Vinyl Primer

TopOne or Shipolin

Epoxy HB

Vinyl Primer

TopOne or Shipolin

1 1

1

2 2

2

3

3

4

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

6

7

7

Paint Systems

One-pack systems

On top of new substrate or completely sanded

Two-pack systems

On top of new substrate or completely sanded

Paint system

On top of new substrate or completely sanded.

24 25


Foto

: Sca

npix

26 27

Wood is a natural material which gives a warm sophisticated image and environment to your boat, but it needs a good varnish to enhance its beauty.

Most people are mainly concerned about the gloss level of the varnish, however it is the only protec-tion the wood has against the marine environment. In addition, of course, it must also provide a good aesthetic appearance. Varnishes have to be effective and provide the following characteristics:• Protect the wood against its main enemy: UV light of the sun which attacks the natural fi bres in the

wood.• Protect the wood against sea water, rain, wind and dust in the air.• Preserve and enhance the wood’s natural beauty, providing a warm cosmetic appearance.

What are the steps to varnish our boat?

Wood Treatment & Varnishes

1. Substrate


3. Varnishes

4. Maintenance

Based on the previous information, we can choose the type of varnish we want. However remember that correct surface preparation is the key to obtaining a beautiful varnish job, regardless of the type of product to be applied.It is necessary to remove all type of contamination and continue with the sanding work with a medium grade sandpaper. In case of old varnish use a fi ne grade sandpaper. In both cases remove sanding dust before application of any paint.

The most popular varnishes are the one-pack products, due to their better elasticity and high durability, gloss retention and hardness.

Most probably some maintenance application will need to be carried out, especially on the high abrasion and wear areas. In this case, light surface sanding should be carried out using a fi ne grade sandpaper followed by application of one or two coats of the same generic type of product.

If it is new wood/timber continue to ‘Step 2. Surface preparation’.If it is already varnished, ascertain which type of product is applied as this will avoid a new more aggressive product being applied on top of a soft one, leading to peeling and wrinkling. If a long oil treatment is going to be used, it should be applied on top of same generic type of product or on top of new or completely sanded wooden surface to achieve correct and proper drying.


A good foundation before varnishing

Before applying any varnish it is advisable to increase protection by applying a good penetration of a protec-tive oily product. The main purpose of this product is to increase the waterproof barrier of the system, to provide good protection against fungus and roots and leave a sound substrate for proper varnishing.

Basically we can choose between three one-pack varnishes, although one of them is considered to be a long oil wood treatmen rather a pure varnish.

RAVILAKK One-pack urethane varnish with a high degree of gloss and exceptional hardness and retaining high fl exibility. It provides a professional fi nish, its light golden shade UV fi lters enhance the natural beauty of the wood but prevent darkening of the surface. Very good levelling out properties and gloss retention.

TEAK OIL A vegetable teak oil. Designed to protect the teak deck from oxidation and usual problems caused by environmental agents. Can also be used on other wooden surfaces.

MAHOGANY RESTORER Colour fast stain for wooden boats. It is specially designed for restoring weathered mahogany, and can be used on other types of wood surfaces both interior and exterior.

CLIPPER II One-pack long oil alkyd varnish with a high degree of gloss, exceptional hardness and very good penetration properties. It provides a professional fi nish and is totally clear but contains UV fi lters to enhance wood protection against sunlight. Very good levelling out properties and gloss retention.

BENAR MARINE Moisture release wood treatment which provides a varnish effect. It is a long oil one-pack wood treatment providing very high penetration .Keep-ing very high breathing properties, allowing humidity to be released without leading to peeling. Its penetration capability helps the product to react together with the wood, following its movements without cracking and leaving a glossy fi nish.

CLIPPER I A conserving oil for wooden boats that can also be used for tropical wood. Clipper I is based on a special oil with very good penetrating effect. It contains an impregnation additive that protects the wood against fungus and gives a very good foundation for treatment with Jotun Yachting varnishes. Can be used for all interior and exterior wooden surfaces above water.

Substrate to be dry and free of contami-nation. Oily tropical hardwood should be washed with Jotun Thinner No 18. Sandwith P60 – P80 grade paper. Remove all existing varnishes and old weathered wood and loose wood fi bers. Apply 5-15 coats of Clipper I, wet-on-wet, depen-dent on surface absorption.

Substrate to be dry and free of conta-mination. To be applied on Clipper I or on old surfaces previously coated with Clipper II in good condition.

Substrate to be dry and free of conta-mination. To be applied on Clipper I or on old surfaces previously coated withRavilakk in good condition.

Substrate to be dry and free of conta-mination. To be applied on Clipper I or on old surfaces previously coated with Benar Marine in good condition.

Substrate to be dry and free of contami-nation. Oily tropical hardwood should be washed with Jotun Thinner No 18. Apply one coat of Teak Oil by brush. After 15 minutes remove the excess oil with a dry, clean cloth. If wood is rather damaged, apply a second coat of Teak Oil after one hour.

Substrate to be dry and free of contami-nation. Oily tropical hardwood should be washed with Jotun Thinner No 18.Apply 1-2 layers with brush or sponge.

PRODUCTS

PRODUCT WOOD EXTERIORS WOOD INTERIORS

★★★

★★★

★★★ ★★★

★★★

Ravilakk

Clipper II

Benar Marine

The ideal varnish

Application: How to varnish?

The best application method is by brush, or alternatively, by roller. It is possible to obtain very good fi nis-hes with spray, but this is only benefi cial if the boat is made of completely of wood, otherwise, masking and protection of non-wood areas is too time consuming.

1. PROTECTION

Before starting, mask and protect surrounding areas not to be varnished with solvent resistant tapes or plastics (such as 3M). It is also important to wear overalls, gloves and a mask. In case of spray application some dust spray is to be expected therefore boat deck, underwater area and other surroundings must be well protected, when painting the topsides and superstructure.

Note: If the antifouling has already been applied, it is essential to protect it with solvent resistant plastic to avoid the antifouling being contaminated by the sanding or the product to be applied, otherwise it will not perform properly once in the water.

2. STIRRING

It is essential to thoroughly stir any type of paint, this is even more critical when dealing with two-pack pro-ducts, since they will not drying properly and will not provide the expected gloss and hardness. For one litre cans use a wooden/metallic stirrer, but for bigger can sizes, use a mechanical stirrer. The stirrer should be totally clean to avoid contamination of the paint.

3. APPLICATION TOOLS

• Brush: The preferred method due to its properties of application and easy access to small areas. Must be solvent resistant. It is important to use a high quality brush to avoid it losing fi bres which may be left on the surface.

• Roller: A medium or short sized mohair roller, resistant to solvent should be used. Alternatively a foam rol-ler can be used, but with this type there will be more air entrapment, so extra brushing work to remove air will be needed.

4. SURFACE PREPARATION

Regardless of the application method, a professional fi nish can be achieved as long as the surface prepa-ration is correctly done, and this is the key factor. All areas to be painted must be washed down with fresh water to remove dust, salts and other contamination. In case grease or oil are present the surface should be degreased.

Once the surface is clean and dry, sanding down to obtain adhesion and a smooth, defect free surface. Then continue with the varnishing.

28 29


5. APPLICATION

On top of new wood apply several coats of varnish to give protection to the surface. To achieve good protection apply between 4 and 5 coats of one-pack varnishes or two coats in case of two-pack products. Apply thin coats to obtain a glossy and smooth fi nish. It is advisable to sand between coats to remove pos-sible dust inclusions as this will achieve a better levelling and a uniform thickness and thus better resistance and durability.

Avoid applying under adverse conditions such as strong wind, high sunlight/heat (especially at noon in sum-mer time), low temperatures, high humidity or rain. Adding solvents is not recommended as this will reduce the thickness applied and increase the risk of sagging, splashes, etc. In case of high temperatures or strong wind, it is acceptable to add between 5% and 10% (maximum) of solvent. Consider the actual conditions in order to improve application results and drying conditions. If necessary add only Jotun thinners as recom-mended for each single product.

The recommended application system will be:

1. Apply 5-15 coats of Clipper I, wet-onwet, as per the previous application guide. This product contains anti-fungus additives which may help to prevent the wood from being attacked by organisms.

2. Apply one fi rst coat of Jotun yachting Varnish which should be diluted with 10% and 15% of the recommen-ded Jotun thinner. This will help penetration.

3. Apply between three to four coats of the product (or two to three if it is a two-pack varnish). If long lasting protection is desired a total number of 10 to 15 very thin coats should be applied.

4. As more coats are applied some sanding must be carried out with a fi ne grade to avoid defects and dust inclusions that may be visible on the following coats.

5. Follow the drying times and the recoating intervals as stated in the technical data sheet of each product. As a useful tip, apply one coat every day.

The best fi nish is obtained by applying thin coats in the same direction as the grain of the wood. Although not necessary, it is advisable to sand between coats with a very fi ne grade sandpaper to remove wood fi bres, dust and other defects. By doing this, a uniform thickness will be achieved and the fi nish will be defect free for the following coats. Use good quality brushes and rollers in order to avoid fi bres on the wet paint.

General advice to good varnishing

• Do not apply in very high or very low temperatures, under strong sunlight or strong wind.• Wet the fl oor around to avoid dust on wet paint.• Stir the product thoroughly and every now and again during application.• Use high quality rollers, mohair type or foam type.• Apply thin coats following the direction of the wood grain.• Apply 5-15 coats of Clipper I, wet-on-wet. If Clipper I is not available, the fi rst coat of varnish can be dilu-

ted 10-15% to improve the penetration.• After the fi rst coat, it may be necessary to sand with a medium to fi ne grade sandpaper to remove wood

defects.• Apply the product at a 90º angle and brush at 45º angle to avoid brush marks.

Paint Systems

On top of new or totally sanded wood

ONE-PACK SYSTEM

Cleaning

Preparation

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Type of fi nish


Sand fi rst with a P80–P180 grade sand paper, followed by P240-P320 grade

Clipper I (5-15 coats wet-on-wet until total absorption)

Ravilakk Clipper II Benar Marine




Gold glossy fi nish Clear glossy fi nish Glossy moisture release

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

To achieve a very high gloss when applying Ravilakk or Clipper II it is advisable to apply one coat per day with sanding in between with a fi ne grade sandpaper (P320–P400).

Benar Marine may show some degree of tackiness over time but this will not affect its recoating properties and the product may be over coated after 24 hours. Application may be done by applying very thin coats, brushing carefully.

On top of an old system:

Before any application, product compatibility must be checked. If the product type is unknown carry out a simple test using an epoxy or polyurethane solvent (i.e. Jotun Thinner No. 17 or Jotun Thinner No. 18) and a clean cotton cloth. If solvent attacks the varnish (soft or wrinkles), it is a one-pack product. If the paint withstands the solvent (maybe some loss of gloss only) this means it is a two-pack product. Old two-pack varnishes must be removed.

30 31


Fiberglass hull treatments

Osmosis is recognized as the main enemy of fi berglass hull boats. Osmosis happens as a result to water vapour and humidity trans-mission through the gelcoat layer, affecting the fi berglass lamina-tion and its structural resistance.

Osmosis process

Osmosis is the natural trend of liquids to equal the differences in pressure between the humidity content of the hull and the sea water. The gelcoat is not a totally waterproof barrier, as many people believe, so humidity will penetrate through the gelcoat down to the fi bre glass laminate.

Other factors that contribute to the development of osmosis, are water and moisture in the bilges. This moisture will also penetrate inside the laminate from the interior, thus helping osmosis to occur.

In both cases, water will react with the non-reacted chemical products in the laminate. The reasons for having these free chemicals are various but mainly it is a consequence of speed of production or wrong curing conditions during hull construction. This reaction ends in a different pressure product between the internal liquid and the external and here the osmosis starts: the natural trend will be to continue absorbing water from the outside to balance the difference in pressure. The fi berglass will then be continuously absorbing moisture, damaging the structural resistance: we are facing the pro-blem well known as osmosis.

Important: Avoid the hull weathering before the osmosis takes place!

How fast osmosis can develop

It is not easy to defi ne how fast an osmosis problem will happen, since this depends on the type of building materials, quality of the fi bre glass, speed of production, curing time of polyesters, type of water, temperature of water, etc.

Since osmosis may possibly affect any fi berglass boat (as corrosion affects steel hulls), it is very im-portant that proper paint systems are applied to protect the hull and bilges, before the consequences of incorrect protection damage our boat.

Osmosis

32 33


How to detect and treat a hull affected by osmosis

It is not always easy to detect osmosis in a hull. Only when some blistering can be seen we can easily check if the hull has osmosis: in case of osmotic blistering, blisters (usually of different sizes) may content a liquid of brown colour and with a vinegar odour. This will be the proof that our hull has osmosis and an osmosis tre-atment must be carried out. If blisters are dry and hard, probably they are the consequence of air or solvent retention during the painting works, which has no effect on the fi bre glass.

If we do not see blisters, this does not mean that hull is osmosis free: as we can see in the “Osmosis proce-dure” explanation, the osmosis process requires a certain time before blisters are likely to appear. Further-more preventive treatments will not stop this osmotic process, so it is advisable to get our hull inspected by a professional who may confi rm the osmosis problem. If so, a repair treatment should be carried out as soon as possible to avoid the progression of osmosis.

If a full osmosis treatment has to be carried out, the gelcoat must be removed completely, the hull must be left to dry and our Osmoshell system should be applied to the fi berglass before any primer or antifouling. The most important key point is to rebuild enough thickness with epoxy products which will be much more water-proof than a gelcoat.

Cleaning

Cleaning

Preparation

Preparation

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply

Apply



Remove the existing paint and gelcoat completely and rinse the hull with fresh water (warm if possible) adding some abrasive material(*)

Remove the existing paint and gelcoat completely and rinse the hull with fresh water (warm if possible) adding some abrasive material(*)

Let the hull dry(less than 1% water In the fi berglass), carrying out fresh water washing every week.

Apply a fi rst coat of Osmoshell with a smooth spatula to fi ll in all defects, hollows etc.

Let the hull dry (less than 1% water in the fi breglass), carrying out fresh water washing every week.

1.000 microns (1mm.) with Osmoshell by tooth and smooth spatula after surface preperation

800 microns of Epoxy Yacht HB by roller or airless spray

(If necessary to get a even surface) apply one coat of Finishing Filler (**)

(If necessary to get a even surface) apply one coat of Finishing Filler (**)

AntiPest

AntiPest

Antifouling

Antifouling

1

1

2

2

3

4

3

5

4

6

5

7

6

8

7

(*) If abrasive material can not be used, coarse sanding with P40 – P80 dry paper should be carried out in order to assure a proper roughness and full adherence of the system.

(**) Finishing fi ller is recommended to obtain a smooth surface. It is not needed in terms of water resistance, but Epoxy Yacht HB is a high build coating which may leave certain roughness after application. Epoxy Yacht HB should not be san-ded to avoid fi lm thickness reduction. Finishing Filler can be easily sanded to get a smooth surface.

Water content has to be less than 1% before application of Osmoshell.

Paint Systems

Painting process for an osmosis treatment of a fi berglass hull

Osmoshell is a solvent free epoxy coating, reinforced with glass fl akes, giving a very high structural resistance, being virtu-ally waterproof. This is a true curative coating system for hulls affected by osmosis.

(*) If abrasive material can not be used, coarse sanding with P40 – P80 dry paper should be carried out in order to ensure proper roughness and full adherence of the system.

(**) Finishing fi ller is recommended to obtain a smooth surface. It is not needed in terms of water resistance, but Os-moshell will leave certain roughness after application and should not be sanded to avoid fi lm thickness reduction. Finishing Filler can be easily sanded to get a smooth surface.

Osmosis Repair Paint Systems

Alternative repair coating system to Osmoshell: several coats of Epoxy Yacht HB, a high build epoxy coating, must be applied (between 8 and 10, depending on application method), before the application of AntiPest. This process is slower and will provide less thickness, but is much easier to apply (roller only) and the fi nal result achieved will be a very good alternative to Osmoshell, in terms of water resistance.

Painting process for an osmosis repair system of a fi berglass hull

34 35


Fillers are necessary for the repair of any hull imperfections, caused by collision or construction defects. These products can be applied at a very high fi lm thickness and have very good sanding properties. Fillers are quite hard coatings, in order to resist damage, but must be quite fl exible not to crack due to the boat movement, torsions and tensions, especially in sailing boats when sailing. Their main characteristics are:• To level out and smooth the hull surface.• To provide adherence and cohesion within the full paint system.• To help sanding works with minimum loss of thickness and volume.

There are different types of fi llers, however Jotun recommends the use of two-pack epoxy fi llers due to its generally better waterproof barrier, low water absorption and degree of solvent resistance, compared to polyester fi llers. Their hardness and fl exibility are also much better. For underwater areas, only epoxy fi llers can be used.

Important: Fillers have to be applied between coats of primers (sandwich technique), in order to secure a total sealing of the fi ller coat. By doing this we can avoid the risk of water absorption and low gloss areas on subsequent coats due to solvent absorption.

What are the steps to be followed before applying any fi ller in a hull of a boat?

Important: All fi llers are more porous than epoxy paints, so in case of heavy rain after fi ller application, they will tend to absorb some humidity. Therefore, it will be necessary to let them dry for some days before over coating in order to help evaporation and drying of any humidity in them.

Colour of the fi llers

Every single component of Jotun Yachting fi llers have different colours in order to help mixing. Usually they have contrast colours, so we will know that mixing is done correctly once we get an homogeneous colour and no colour traces of the components can be seen.

Fillers

1. Surface andpreparation

2. Fillers Jotun Yachting fi llers are all two-pack epoxies (except Gelcoat fi ller). Their mixing ration is 1:1 both by weight and volume, so it is very easy to get the correct mixing proportion for any quantity needed.

Once applied and dry, fi ller has to be sanded before re-painting with an epoxy orbeteween fi ller layers.

With the exception of wood (usually not fi lled), the type of substrate is not important and in any case fi ller must always be applied on top of an epoxy primer, dry and clean. If over coating interval is exceeded, primer has to be sanded.

Some products may not be available in your country. Please contact your local Jotun offi ce for detailed information.

Paint System

Gelcoat repair system (for topsides maintenance):

Cleaning

Paint system

Apply

Surface has to be rinsed with fresh water and left to dry

Apply on top of the gelcoat or the existing paint system.

Gelcoat Filler (necessary coats to repair the damage)

1

2

3

Lightweight Filler Two-pack, ultra light weight (0,57 kg/l), epoxy fi ller compound for high fi lm thickness application. It can be applied up to 30 mm. and fi ll very big areas, without having a big impact in the total weight of the boat. It is very easy to sand, but is more porous and leaves a more irregular surface than Finishing Filler, so it has to be recoated with Finishing Filler after sanding and prior the epoxy primer application.

Epoxy RepairTwo-pack, high density, epoxy fi nishing fi ller, for small damages and cracks. It can be applied in rela-tively high fi lm thickness (up to 20mm) and is suitable for repairing, holes, pores and holidays. Can be sanded easily and provides a smooth surface. Needs to be recoated with an epoxy coating.

Gelcoat FillerTwo-pack polyester fi ller, for small damages and scratches. It is a coloured paste very easy to apply and can be directly applied on weathered gelcoat, once it is clean and sanded. Fast drying and can be sanded easily providing a smooth and bright surface.

Finishing FillerTwo-pack epoxy fi ller, for fi nishing jobs. Can be applied up to 3 mm of fi lm thickness, leaving a very smooth surface without pores and holidays. Can be sanded easily and provides a very smooth and uniform surface. Although it has a low absorption degree of water or humidity, it is necessary to seal the fi ller with an epoxy coating. Suitable as fi ller system in osmosis treatments and repairs.

PRODUCTS

Types of fi llers

Jotun Yachting has three types of epoxy fi llers and one gelcoat repair kit made with polyester fi ller. These are suitable for different types of use. The products are: an ultra-light weight fairing compound for big repairs, a fi nishing fi ller for smooth fi nishes and relatively small defects and a smaller epoxy repair fi ller for spot repairs. The main difference between them is the type of fi nish they provide, their degree of hardness and waterproof properties. All of them are very easy to sand. Fillers are:

36 37


1. Bilges

Bilges are usually a problem area due to the high quantity of water and oil remaining inside them. In fact, the bilges of boats create problems due to a combination of diffi cult access, narrow spaces, content of seawater, content of fresh water (rain, cleaning, etc.), oil and fuel content due to leakages. Furthermore, there is a risk of being the starting point of osmosis problems, if the fi berglass is not cor-rectly protected (see Osmosis chapter).Paints and coatings for those areas must meet the following requirements:• To create a waterproof barrier.• To provide enough water, oil and fuel resistance.• High durability due to diffi cult access to their narrow spaces.

Of course one-pack products have been commonly used due to their easy of application and fast drying time, but Jotun recommends and has available various systems with two pack products that will result in worry-free bilges.

2. Engines

Obviously the engine is a key element for sailing and for safety. Only proper maintenance will keep the engine in optimal condition. The exterior of an engine is not particularly attractive. The solution is simple: paint the engine to keep it looking like new. This will protect it against corrosion by seawater and will also help cleaning and further maintenance.Paints for engines must provide the following features:• Resistance against water, oils and fuel.• Resistance against engine high engine temperatures.• High durability due to diffi cult access to all parts of the engine.

Important: Paint and protect the engine: it is important not only for your safety but will also help future cleaning and maintenance.

Colours

It is very common to paint the engine using the corporate colours of the engine manufacturer. Should you wish to change the colour of the engine, the Jotun Multicolour tinting system can provide any colour you desire.

Types of fi nishes

All Jotun Yachting fi nishes (see Topcoats chapter) can be used for engine maintenance. After the cor-rect primer, such as AntiPest or Epoxy Yacht HB, we can apply TopGloss, TopOne and Shipolin. On top of Vinyl Primer apply TopOne or Shipolin.

Bilges – Engines

38 39


1. Boatcare

During the season cleaning and maintenance should be carried out to keep paint, wood and all other areas in good condition without the need to paint. Some products can be used in combination with others to provide a full maintenance and care system.Jotun Yachting has a range of advanced products to cover the maintenance of all areas of the boat. Basically we can identify the different surfaces and their maintenance requirements:

Boatcare products and systems for fi berglass and paints

• Clean and remove contamination.• Repair small scratches and damages.• Restore the gloss and provide a protection layer to enamel or gelcoat.

Boat care products for wooden surfaces

• Clean and remove salts and stains.• Restore the colour and appearance of the wooden substrates.

Boat care products and systems for metallic surfaces

• Clean and remove contamination.• Remove oxidation or corrosion• Restore the gloss and provide a protection layer to the surface.

Boat care products and systems for rubber surfaces

• Clean and remove contamination.• Remove stains and oxidation from metals• Restore the gloss and provide a protection layer to the surface.

Some products may not be available in your country.Please contact your local Jotun offi ce for detailed information.

Boatcare

40 41


BOATWASH Alkaline waterborne detergent for removing grease, salt and dirt without matting the surface. Biologi-cal degradable and can also be diluted with salt water, but it is important to rinse with fresh water afterwards. Suitable cleaner for gelcoat and wooden boats both outside and inside, and on painted or varnished surfaces. Can be used for cleaning the engine.

RUBBING It is a heavy duty liquid polish suitable for both hand and machine polishing. To be used for rubbing and polishing of gelcoat. Excellent for removing small scrat-ches, oxidized surfaces, dirt and stains.

Normal cleaning: dilute with fresh water at a ratio of 1:50 – 1:100. Heavy cleaning: dilute with fresh water at a ratio of 1:20. Clean the surface using a brush or a sponge. Rinse well with fresh water. Cleaning of engine: Apply undiluted BoatWash onto the surface and leave to work for 5 – 10 min and rinse with fresh water. Very dirty areas use brush to clean.

Wash the surface with BoatWash and rinse well with fresh water. Ap-ply a generous amount of Rubbing with a soft cloth or polish paper. Rub only small areas at the time with circular movements or mac-hine polish at 1000-1500 rpm. After drying, polish with a soft cloth or polish paper to high gloss. Finishing treatment with Hard Wax. Shake Rubbing well before use and avoid contact with rubber and plastic details. Do not apply Rubbing on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Wash the surface with BoatWash, rinse well with fresh water. Ap-ply Chrome Polish with a soft cloth or polish paper and polish to desired effect. Complete with a new clean cloth or polish paper to high gloss. Shake Chrome Polish before use. For machine polish-ing, recommended rotating speed is app. 1000 rpm. Do not apply Chrome Polish on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Wash the surface with BoatWash and rinse well with fresh water. Apply a gel layer of Shiny on to the surface with a soft cloth. Polish to desired cleaning effect and fi nish with a new clean cloth to high gloss. Surface can be washed after 24 hours. Do not apply Shiny on hot surfaces and direct sunlight.

Wash fi rst with BoatWash. Clean the surface with Wash’n’Wax and rinse well with fresh water. Spray Easy Wax directly on the wet surface, on small areas at the time. Dry off with a soft cloth or microfi ber cloth. Shake Easy Wax well before use. Do not apply Easy Wax on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Shake Teak Cleaner well before use. Apply to the surface and let it work for 5–20 minutes. Rinse well with fresh water. Protect the wood with Jotun’s Teak Sealer or Teak Oil.

Wash with BoatWash. Apply on the surface with a soft and moist cloth. Rub only small areas at a time and let it dry for 10–15 min. Polish with polish paper or a clean cloth to achieve a high gloss sur-face and protect the surface with Hard Wax. Shake Gelcoat Cleaner well before use and avoid to use on rubber details. For machine polishing recommended rotating speed is 800-1500 rpm. Do not aply Gelacoat Cleaner on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Clean the surface with Teak Cleaner and rinse well with fresh water. Shake Teak Sealer well before use. Apply with brush or roller until the wood is saturated. Wipe off excess after 30 minutes.

Wash fi rst with BoatWash. For 1–2 year old surfaces: clean/polish with Wash’n’Wax. For older oxidised or fl at surfaces: clean with Gel-coat Cleaner. Apply a thin layer of Hard Wax with a polish paper or a soft cloth and let it dry for 10–15 min. Polish with polish paper/cloth/microfi ber cloth to obtain high gloss. Shake Hard Wax well before use. For machine polishing recommended rotating speed is 1000 rpm. Do not aply Hard Wax on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Shake Textile Cleaner well before use. For normal cleaning dilute Tex-tile Cleaner with fresh water at a ratio of 1:3. Spray the product directly on to the textile or apply with a brush or a sponge, and leave to work for 10 min and avoid contact with plastic windows. Rinse well with fresh water. For cleaning of plastic windows, use a dilution with fresh water at a ratio of 1:20. Do not let the product dry on the textile or plastic window. Areas with mould and green algae, use Mildew Remover.

Shake Mildew Remover well before use. For normal cleaning, dilute with water 1:5 and apply using a cloth or spray pump. Heavy cleaning, apply undiluted product to the surface using sponge or spray pump. Let it work for 5–10 minutes and scrub with a moisten sponge, brush or cloth. Rinse well with fresh water. The product should be used within 12 months to achieve full effect.

Clean with Textile Cleaner or Mildew Remover. Rinse well with fresh water and let the surface dry. Apply a uniform layer of Textile Watershield on the surface and let it dry. Do not apply Textile Wa-tershield in direct sunlight and avoid contact with plastic windows.

Hose down with fresh water. For normal cleaning, dilute with 1:2 with water. For heavy cleaning, apply undiluted RIB Cleaner onto the surface. Clean the surface using a cloth or sponge. Shake RIB Cleaner well before use. Rinse well with fresh water before the product is dry.

Hose down with fresh water. Shake Wash n’Wax well before use and add some quantity on a sponge. Wash only smaller areas at the time and rinse well with fresh water and dry off with a chamois. Do not use Wash n’Wax on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Clean the surface with RIB Cleaner. Rinse well with fresh water and let the surface dry. Shake well before use. Apply RIB Shine using a cloth or sponge. Do not apply RIB Shine on hot surfaces or in direct sunlight.

Apply concentrated Waterline Cleaner on the area to be cleaned and leave to work for 2-5 min. If necessary, scrubb the areas with shells, barnacles, etc., with a stiff brush. Rinse well with fresh water or use a sponge to remove the product. Wash with BoatWash and rinse well with water. Finally clean/wax the area with Gelcoat Cleaner and/or Hard Wax.

CHROME POLISH Based on nano-technology leaving a high gloss surface with excellent water and stain protec-tion. To be used for polishing of chrome and stainless steel details.

SHINY Wax polish based on a special combination of very fi ne polishing agent and synthetic wax. Shiny cleans, polishes and protects the surface in one operation. To be used on weathered gelcoat as well as surfaces painted with two-component topcoats.

EASY WAX It is a nano-technology express liquid wax. The product is very easy to use and provide a mirror-like shine and good protection. To be used for a quick shine in between regular hard wax application. Can be applied directly on a wet surface after washing and will not leave white residue on rubber trim.

TEAK CLEANER It is a waterbased cleaner for teak and other hardwoods. Teak Cleaner is designed to clean and restore weathered teak and other hardwoods. Restore the natural colour of the woods.

GELCOAT CLEANER Cleaner based on nano-techno-logy, for heavily weathered gelcoat and two-component paints. Eradicates small scratches and swirl marks. Act as a primer for Hard Wax. Extremely easy to polish due to nano-technology. To be used on weathered gelcoat as well as surfaces painted with two-component topcoats.

TEAK SEALER It is a waterbased sealer based on wood oil. Protects teak and other hardwoods. Provides a waxy surface which protects against water and dirt/stain and prevents the surface drying and cracking.

HARD WAX It is a nano-technology based wax, specially developed for new and thoroughly cleaned surfaces, ensuring a deep mirror shine and long lasting protection and can be degreased. To be used on gelcoat and two-component topcoated surfaces.

TEXTILE CLEANER It is a waterbased concentrated alkaline cleaner based on a blend of surfactant, emulsifi -ers and water. The product does not contain solvents and is biodegradable. To be used for cleaning of sprayhoods, rugs, awnings and other textile products.

MILDEW REMOVER It is a waterbased product contai-ning chloride for removing mould and green algae. To be used for cleaning of sprayhoods, rugs, awnings and similar items of cotton and nylon materials. The product should not be used on none colour fast textiles.

TEXTILE WATERSHIELD It is a quick drying, waterfree impregnation that gives a good water proof and dirt repellent surface. Protect the surface against ageing and wearing. To be used for sprayhoods, rugs, awnings and similar items of cotton and nylon materials.

RIB CLEANER It is an effective waterborne detergent based on a blend of surfactants and emulsifi ers. Remove grease, salt and dirt without matting the surface. To be used for cleaning of RIB boats, fenders and other rubber details.

WASH N’WAX Based on a blend of surfactants and conditioners to gently wash away dirt and provide a high gloss surface, all in one operation without leaving any soap fi lm or water spots. To be used for degreasing, clean and wax gelcoat and painted surfaces. Can also be used on surfaces with a little oxidation.

RIB SHINE It is a waterborne silicone emulsion for protection of rubber details. To be used for effective protection of RIB boats, fenders and other rubber details, providing the initial apprearance and protecting the surface against weathering.

WATERLINE CLEANER It is an acid cleaner based on a hydrochloric acid. To be used for cleaning of the water line. Remove yellowing of the gelcoat and also shells, barnacles and algae.

PRODUCT PRODUCTHOW TO USE HOW TO USE

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2. AdditivesFor safety reasons decks and access can be painted to offer an anti-slip surface. The same type of topcoats used for topsides can be used for decks as they provide both high abrasion resistance and weathering resis-tance, however an anti-slip aggregate can be added to give a non-glossy and non-slip surface.For doing this, Jotun has developed a special additive for topcoats that can be added during the paint job in any proportion to achieve the desired anti-slippery surface.

ANTISKID A mineral powder (silica) for mixing with all kind of Jotun Yachting topcoats and varnishes., for use on decks, fl oors, gangways and other areas where additional friction properties are required.

JOTUN THINNER NO. 2

JOTUN THINNER NO. 7

JOTUN THINNER NO. 17



Alkyds and urethane alkyds

Vinyl, acrylics and urethane alkyds

Epoxy coatings

Polyurethanes, me-dium evaporation

Polyurethanes, fast evaporation

One-pack topcoats and varnishes

One-pack topcoats primers and antifou-lings

Two-pack primers

Two-pack topcoats and varnishes

Two-pack topcoats and varnishes

Clipper I, Clipper II, Ravilakk, Benar Ma-rine, and Shipolin

All antifoulings, Vinyl Primer and TopOne

Epoxy Yacht HB, Anti-Pest and Osmoshell

TopGloss andSpeed Undercoat

TopGloss and Speed Undercoat

Add to wet paint and apply by spray orbroadcast or sprinkled into the wet fi lm during application.

PRODUCT

PRODUCT TYPE FOR USE WITH JOTUN PRODUCTS

HOW TO USEBefore you begin– Read the label carefully. Occupational Safety & Health data sheets

are available at <insert appropriate URL here>.– Wear protective gear covering your whole body.– Remove any rings, watches and bracelets before starting work.– Always cover work area with protective sheets to prevent chemical

runoff into the sea.– Follow marina work regulations.– Consider the weather, avoiding rain and strong winds.

During and after work– Avoid inhalation.– Wet sanding is recommended. Make sure your work area is properly

ventilated.– Consider using respiratory protection. This gear is required when

spray painting.– Avoid using hot air guns to strip old paint.

Protect your eyes and skin– Always wear protective goggles (or visor) and chemical resistant

gloves.– Consider using a long handled brush or roller.– Avoid stripping, sanding or painting directly above your face.– Use soapy water (not paint thinner) to remove paint from skin.– Immediately change any garments spattered with paint or thinner.

Protect the environment– For sanding, we recommend using power tools connected to a

vacuum cleaner, thus collecting up to 99% of the dust created.– Choose the recommended brushes and rollers (minimize spatter

and drip).– Whether sanding wet or dry, always keep a clean rag handy.– Immediately wipe off any spill.– Dispose of paint cans, excess paint and equpment at an approved

waste management facility.

Health and safety!

3. Thinners Quick guide for solvents and thinners to be used with different Jotun Yachting products.

Jotun Thinner No. 17 and Jotun Thinner No. 18 can be used for cleaning tools and other equipment. Important: Do not add excessive solvent to coatings. Carefully check this coating manual and the technical data sheet of each product before adding any thinner. Solvents are having a direct effect in drying times, fi lm formation and curing properties.

Fillers Important: Do not add any solvent to fi llers. Solvents will affect drying times, fi lm formation and water/solvent resistance properties

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RACING

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Jotun has issued this guide in order to help boat owners enjoy carefree sailing. Founded in Norway, Jotun is a world leader in marine markets. We’ve been developing innovative products for the harshest environments since 1926, and we’re setting new standards to this day.Our comprehensive product range is presented here in a logical fashion. Our products have been designed to cover all your painting needs, including specifi c products forvery specifi c applications. We’ve also included detailed information about product types, surface preparation and application hints, all of it designed to help you complete your painting work as quickly and easily as possible.Jotun Yachting wants you to be proud of your yacht.

Jotun Yachting solutions forGOOD MOMENTS AT SEA

Good momentsat sea!

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BOAT OWNERS MAINTENANCE MANUAL

www.jotun.com

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yachting Boat Owners Manual

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