Y7 Knowledge Organiser · 2020-07-17 · amplify increase the volume of resolution/resolve find a...

1YEAR 7 KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER I Delta Academies Trust

Academies Trust

KnowledgeOrganiser

Y7

STUDENT NAME:

HOW TO SELF TEST WITH KNOWLEDGE ORGANISERS

Revision Clocks

Flash Cards

Mind Mapping

Start by drawing a basic clock. Break your knowledge organiser down into 12 sub-categories. Make notes in each chunk of the clock. Revise each slot for 5 minutes, turn the clock over and then try to write out as much information as you can from one of the segments. Eg. all the information in the 2-3pm segment.

Your brain will retain more information if you include images as well as key words.

Use your knowledge organiser to make flash cards. Write the question on one side and on the other record the answer. Test yourself or work with a friend to make sure you know all the key information for each topic. You could also use flash cards to test yourself on the definitions of key terminology.

Remember you need to revisit information 10 times for it to be embedded in your long-term memory.

HOW TO MIND MAP VIDEO

HOW TO MAKE FLASH CARDS VIDEO

HOW TO MAKE A REVISION CLOCK


Mind mapping is simply a diagram used to visually represent or outline information.

It is a graphic technique you can use to translate what is in your mind into a visual picture. Since mind mapping works like the brain does it allows you to organise information faster and more efficiently.

Use information gathered from your knowledge organiser to create mind maps, make sure to use colours and images, keeping writing to a bare minimum. Using this technique will help to embed key information into your long-term memory.


ENGLISHLiteracyLiteracy is the key skills of reading and writing accurately that underpins every subject. It is important that you are able to use a range of vocabulary and punctuation accurately to make your writing clear and engaging.

Help to build your vocabulary with Words of the Week – the focus for this term are words found in science: Look at the definition of each word as you are introduced to it each week and see how many subjects other than science you can use the word in.

Can you complete the following examples?Your/you’re dog is running around the park!When your/you’re in school you should always do your/you’re best.Have your/you’re parents seen your/you’re homework?Your/you’re always welcome!

Remember last term’s focus was capital letters: Refresh your memory about capital letters and when to use them. Remember capital letters matter!

• Always use a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence – It is the beginning of the week.

• Always use a capital letter for names of people, places, days of the week and months of the year – John reminisced about July when he went to Rome.

• Always use capital letters for titles – Triangles.

Seven Deadly Sin focus: Your/You’re Look closely at the focus for this term and understand how to use your/you’re correctly. Then complete the sentence below with the correct word.

Your is used when something belongs to you: Your coats are on the back of your chairs.You’re means you are: You’re always praised when you’re helping others.

inheritderive a feature or quality genetically from a parent or receive money or property after someone’s death

yield produce something or give way in an argument

condense make more concentrated or change from a gas to a liquid

emit produce or discharge gas/radiation or make a sound

absorb take in or soak up energy or to fully understand something

deduce arrive at by reasoning

amplify increase the volume of

resolution/resolve find a solution or decide firmly on a course of action

vibrate move continuously or rapidly to and fro

transmit cause something to pass from one place or person to another

accelerate begin to move more quickly

evaporate turn from liquid into vapour or lose moisture from something

Word of the Week Definition

Always remember the basic rules:Every sentence should have a full stop and a capital letter.

I walk to school with my friends. We always are careful when crossing the road. Cars are dangerous.

4 YEAR 7 KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER I Delta Academies Trust

ENGLISH Reading: Survival Anthology

(extracts from a number of authors)ContextThis is an anthology of challenging non-fiction extracts, covering a wide range of experiences. You will be studying: a mining disaster from 1866, Mandela’s experiences in prison, plane crash survivors, an expedition to the Peruvian Andes that goes very wrong, and a recent true story of the man who survived fourteen months in a small boat drifting seven thousand miles across the Pacific Ocean.

Key quotes for understanding the extracts • MANDELA: “We would fight inside as we had fought outside. The racism and repression were the same; I would simply have to fight on different terms.”

• SIMPSON: “I could see possible dangers, very real risks that could destroy my hopes, but somehow I knew that I could overcome them.”

• ALVARENGA: “Hundreds of miles from the nearest island and stripped of every modern convenience he existed in the state best described as ‘solitary unconfinement.’”

• CANESSA: “He felt triumphant. His conscience had overcome a primitive irrational taboo. He was going to survive.”

Key wordsApartheid – a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

Oppression – prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control.

Expedition – journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration.

Resilience – the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

Big QuestionWhat qualities allow people to survive in challenging situations?

Describing characters

Mandela Moral moral, ethical, good, honest, loyal

Simpson Strong resilient, tough, positive, hopeful

Alvarenga Survivor fighter, hardy, robust, strategic, effective

Canessa Motivated driven, striving, spirited, resistant, irrepressible

Person Characteristic Synonyms

Writing: LettersIn this term, you will be focusing on writing

letters for a number of different audiences. In

order to make sure your letters are clear and

convincing, it is important that you get the

basic layout right.

Here’s a reminder of a letter layout:

32 Stone CloseDoncasterDN12 3DF

25th August 2017

Customer Services DepartmentNorthern RailYork RoadYorkYO14 2RS

Dear Sir/Madam, “Always getting you where you need to be, quickly and in comfort.” This is the claim your company make in your advertising campaigns, but I am afraid that you did not live up to expectation during my train journey on Friday 22nd August. In fact, I would be reluctant to use your service again unless I receive a full refund.

Their Address

Your Address

Date

Clear Purpose


Reading: Boy by Roald Dahl

Context

Written in 1984, ‘Boy: Tales of Childhood’ is an autobiography by Roald Dahl describing his life from birth to leaving school, Wales and England in the 1920s and 1930s. It focuses on the violence of the public school system and ends with this first job, working for Shell (an oil company) which sent him off to Africa. Dahl set off on his next adventure not realising Adolf Hitler had just been elected Chancellor of Germany and would take the planet into World War Two.

Key quotes for understanding the story

• “At any time she liked, the Matron could send you down in your pyjamas and dressing-gown to report to this merciless giant…”

• “I was frightened of that cane. There is no small boy in the world who wouldn’t be.”

• “I wonder, though, what you would think if some doctor did that to you today.”

• “But the authorities did not like me. I was not to be trusted. I did not like rules.”

Key words

Autobiography – life story written by the person themselves

Caning – old punishment of hitting students with a thin stick

Shell shock – World War 1 and 2 way of describing post-traumatic stress after fighting in battle

Boazer – a school prefect in the higher years who also had authority to punish younger boys

Big Question

What qualities allow people to survive in difficult circumstances?

Describing characters

Mrs Pratchett Evil fiendish/nefarious/hideous

Matron Bossy dictatorial/authoritarian/tyrannical/despotic

Headmaster Dangerous threatening/intimidating/menacing/ominous

Captain Hardcastle Stuck-up arrogant/egotistical/superior/haughty

Character Characteristic Synonyms

ENGLISH


Unit 6: Order Fractions, Decimals & Integers.

Integer: Whole number.

Ascending Order: Place in order, smallest to largest.

Descending Order: Place in order, largest to smallest.

Inequality: Statement that contains <, >,<, >, to show which quantity is greatest /smallest.

Key Words

Examples

Key Concept

FDP Equivalence

TIPConvert all numbers to the same form, either fractions, decimals or percentages.If using a calculator convert them all to decimals.

110011015141234

F D P

0.01 1%

0.1 10%

0.2 20%

0.25 25%

0.5 50%

0.75 75%

Questions

3)

732

29100

25%, 0.05,,

2)

37

12 0.49, 0.2, ,

1)

23

34

56

712, , ,

ANSWERS : 1)2)37

12 0.2,0.49, ,3)

732

29100 0.05,25%, ,

712

23

34

56 ,,,

Make the denominators

the same.

Order the fractions in ascending order

Order the numbers in ascending order

Convert them all to decimals.

14

28

78

1

1

12

48

12

3

3

78

78

34

5

5

38

38

38

2

56%

0.56

23%

2

34

68

14

4

40.75

34

56%

0.871

0.87134

23%

0.2367

0.857

0.871

67

MATHS

Order these in ascending order:

Clip Numbers37, 46, 60, 149


Unknown: A letter which represents a number we do not know the value of.

Terms: The numbers and letters in the expression or equation.

Inverse: The operation which will do the opposite.

Key Words QuestionsKey Concept

TIPAnswers can be:Integers, Decimals, Fractions, Negatives

Examples

Unit 7:Solving Equations.

2

ANSWERS 1) x =11, 2) y = 40, 3) y = 41, 4) t = 28, 5) p =16, 6) = 4, 7) = 4.5

Inverse Operations

InverseOperation

Solve:

1) x + 8 = 19

2) y - 25 = 15

3) 2y = 82

4)

5)

6) 3(2x-3) = 15

7) 4x - 8 = 2x +1

t4

p2

= 7

- 6 = 2

2x + 5 14

9

x ÷2 ÷2

-5 -5x + 9 =16

-9 -9x = 7

2 (3x + 5) = -14

6x + 10 = -14

6x = -24

expand

-10-10

÷6 ÷6 x = -4

2 + 7 = 5x + 1

+7 = 3x + 1

6 = 3x-1

÷3 ÷3

-1

- 2x - 2x(smallest term)

2 = x

x - 12 = 20+12 +12

x = 32

53 3x =15

x3

4

+2

4

+2

4x = 24

x4

6x4

MATHS

Clip Numbers177 – 184

=

=

=- 2

4.5

2x

=

=

=


Unit 8: Presenting And Interpreting Data.

Frequency: Total.

Mean: Total of data divided by the number of pieces of data.

Mode: The value that occurs most frequently.

Median: Middle number when they are in numerical order.

Range: Difference between the largest and smallest values.

Key Words

Examples

Questions

1) Find the mean, mode, median and range of:

a) 3,12, 4, 6, 8, 5, 4b) 12, 1, 10, 1, 9, 3, 4, 9, 7, 9

2) For the table:

a) Draw a pie chart to show the data.

b) Draw a bar chart to show the data.

c) Work out the mean of the data.

Age Frequency

11 17

12 11

13 8

ANSWERS: 1) a) Mean = 6, Mode = 4, Median = 5, Range = 9 b) Mean = 6.5, Mode = 9, Median = 8, Range = 11 2) a) Angles 170

o, 110

o, 80

o c) 11.75

5, 9, 9, 9, 11,12, 13, 15, 16

Averages

Mean = (5+9+9+9+11+12+13+15+16) = =11

Median = 11 (The middle number shown above)

Mode = 9 (This number occurs most often)

Measure of SpreadRange = 16 – 5 = 11

(A bigger range means the data is more spread out)

999

9

MATHS

Key Concept

TIP - There can be more than one mode.

- Range is a measure of spread, not an average.

- Bar charts have gaps between the bars.

There are 360 degrees in a pie chart, so you need angles that add to 360 degrees.

Pie Charts

4 =

4 = 172

4 = 128

= 360 90= 4360

90

Eye Fcolour

Blue 15

Brown 43

Other 32

60



Perimeter: The distance around the outside of the shape.

Unit of measure: This could be any unit of length cm, inch, m, foot, etc.

Dimensions: The lengths which give the size of the shape.

Circumference: The perimeter of a full circle.

Key WordsKey Concept

TIP

Always include units with your answer.

If you don’t have a calculator use π as 3.14.

Formula:

Circumference = π d

Parallelogram

Trapezium

Right-angled triangle

Isosceles triangle

Equilateral triangle

Questions

2D Shapes

1) a)

b)

2) a) b)

c)

Find the perimeter of each shape to 1dp

Unit 9:Perimeter.

10m

8cm

3cm

24cm

7m

2.4mm

4m2c

m5cm

ANSWERS: 1) a) 28m b) 26cm 2) a) 75.4cm b) 44.0m c) 15.1mm

Examples

4cm

7cm

3cm

6cm

3cm

3cm4cm

3cm

6cm

7cm

Find the perimeter Find the circumference to 1dp

Radius = 5, Diameter = 10

Circumference = π dCircumference = π 10Circumference = 31.4cm

Step 1Find the missing lengths.

Step 2 Add the lengths 3 + 4 + 3 + 3 + 6 + 7 = 26 cm

5cm

MATHS

Clip Numbers534-550, 691, 822


Unit 10: Area And Perimeter.

Area: The amount of square units that fit inside the shape.

Perimeter: The distance around the outside of the shape.

Dimensions: The lengths which give the size of the shape.

Shapes:Rectangle, Triangle, Parallelogram, Trapezium, Kite.

Key WordsKey Concept

TIPAlways remember units. These units are squared for area. mm2, cm2, m2, etc

Questions

Area

ANSWERS: 1) 96 cm2 2) 112 cm2 3) 87 cm2

I

w

h

bh

ba

h

b

12cm

8cmA = b h

A = I w

A = (a+b) h

A = (b h)12

12

16cm

14cm

7cm

6cm

9cm

15cm

Find the area

Examples

4m

Area = 2 4 = 8m2

2m= 60cm2

12cm

10cm

Area = (10 12)12

5mm

14mmArea = 5 14

= 70mm2

8cm

5cm

3cm

5cm

2cm

Area = (5 3) + (2 5)

= 25cm2

1)

2)

3)

MATHS



Origins SCIENCE

Human reproduction: Puberty takes place between the ages of 9 and 14 in most people. Changes in girls during puberty: • Breasts develop• Hips widen• Ovaries start to release egg cells Changes in boys during puberty: • Voice breaks (gets deeper)• Testicles start producing sperm• Hair grows on face and chest

Ejaculation: Semen is released into the vagina. Fertilisation: The nuclei of the sperm fuses with the egg (in the oviduct). Implantation: The fertilised egg attaches to the lining of the uterus.

It takes around 9 months for a fertilised egg to develop into a baby.

Placenta: An organ where substances pass between the mother’s blood and the fetus.

Umbilical cord: Connects the fetus to the placenta.

Amniotic fluid: This acts as a shock absorber, protecting the fetus from any bumps.

The menstrual cycle (period) is controlled by hormones. The cycle lasts around 28 days. When the egg is released from the ovary this is called ovulation.

Variation:

Children inherit characteristics from their parents. Each child inherits a different combination of characteristics.

For any species a characteristic that changes gradually over a range of values shows continuous variation. Examples of such characteristics are height and weight.

A characteristic of any species with only a limited number of possible values shows discontinuous variation. Examples are blood type, gender and eye colour.

Other characteristics are affected by a person’s surroundings.

Changes in the environment may leave individuals within a species, and some entire species, less well adapted to compete successfully and reproduce, which in turn may lead to extinction.

Hot climates:In plants:Small leaves, Long rootsIn animals:Large ears, Long bodies

Cold climates:In animals:Small ears Thick fur

Inherited:

Continuous Variation Discontinuous Variation

Environmental: Adaptations:

HEIGHT CATEGORY (CM)LESS

TH

AN

130

135-

139

140-

144

MO

RE T

HA

N 1

74

170-

174

165-

169

160-

164

155-

159

150-

154

145-

149

130-

134

NU

MBE

R O

F PE

OPL

E IN

CA

TEG

ORY

This shape of this graph is typical of a feature with continuous variation A bar chart is a good way

0A B AB O

5101520253035404550

PERC

ENTA

GE

OF

POPU

LATI

ON

BLOOD GROUP

Placenta

Cord

Uterus

CervixVagina

Abdominal Muscle Wall

Baby In Womb


Reactions

Reactants Products

SCIENCE

Simple Chemical ReactionsA chemical reaction is where 1 or more new substances are formed.

Metals vs. Non-metals: physical properties

Metals and non-metals

Acids, Alkalis and Indicators

In a chemical reaction the bonds holding the reactants together break and new bonds are formed to make the products.

Metals react with non-metals to form compounds. Metals and non-metals react with oxygen to form OXIDES. Metals react with acids to produce SALTS and metals react with water to make HYDROXIDES.

A substance can be identified as an acid or alkali using an indicator. Litmus paper will show blue for an alkali and red for an acid but will not tell us if it is strong or weak. If we need to know how strong an acid or alkali is we use universal indicator.

ACID + ALKALI SALT + WATER

The pH scale shows how strong an acid or alkali is using numbers 1 to 14. Each number has a colour that you can match from the universal indicator. The arrows on the pH scale show that the weakest acids and alkalis are those closest to 7 and that the strongest acid is pH 1 and the strongest alkali is pH 14.

Neutralisation

pH 7 is not an acid or an alkali. We call pH 7 neutral. Water is a neutral substance. If an acid and alkali are added together in equal amounts and equal strengths we call they make a neutral solution (pH 7). We call this NEUTRALISATION. The products of neutralisation are:

• Lustrous• Good conductors• High melting point

• High density• Malleable

• Ductile (can be drawn into wires)• Usually solid at room temperature

• Opaque as a thin sheet• Sonorous

• Dull • Poor conductors

• Non-ductile• Brittle

• May be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature

• Transparent as a thin sheet• Not sonorous

Metal + Oxygen Metal Oxidee.g. magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

Metal + Acid Metal Salt + Hydrogene.g. Zinc + hydrochloric acid Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen

Metal + Water Metal hydroxide + hydrogene.g. Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

+ +A AC BB CD D

Strong Acid NeutralWeak Acid Strong AlkalineWeak Alkaline


Electricity SCIENCE

Circuits, Current and VoltageElectric circuits are made up of metal wires coated in plastic for protection. In the wires are tiny negatively-charged specks called electrons which can drift through the metal like water through pipes. Just like the flow of water through pipes is called a water-current, the flow of electrons through a circuit is called an electric-current.

To make the electrons flow, one end of the circuit is made positive and the other is made negative. This difference in ‘+’ and ‘-’ is done using a power supply and is called potential difference or voltage.

Some metals allow current to flow through them more easily. They have low resistance. Metals with high resistance do not allow current to flow as easily; for a greater current to flow they need a greater potential difference. Voltage = current × resistance.

Building circuits is a great way to measure current and voltage. Current is measured using an ammeter connected in series; voltage is measured using a voltmeter connected in parallel.

There are two ways to set up a circuit – series and parallel. Traditionally we imagine the current flowing round circuits from the positive side to the negative side.

This is a parallel circuit. The voltmeters are connected in parallel. Notice how they all read the same voltage of 12V because the battery voltage is applied to each branch. Three cells give 12V so they must be 4V each. The current through each branch or bulb (1A and 3A) adds up to the total current (4A). Connecting components in parallel causes less resistance.

This is a series circuit. The ammeters are connected in series. Notice how they all measure the same current of 0.15A, because there is only one route it can follow. The voltage from the cell is split between the two bulbs, though (6V split as 2V to one bulb and 4V to the other). Connecting components in series causes greater resistance.

These blue specks are the electrons flowing through the metal wire

+

+

+

-

-

-

The electrons move faster (a greater current) when there’s a greater voltage

V

A

A A

A

2V

6V

4V

0.15 A 0.15 A

0.15 A

V1

A1

A2

A3

V2

V3

12V

12V

12V

4A

1A

3A

Static ElectricityFriction between two insulating surfaces like plastic rips electrons off one, leaving it positively-charged. Whatever the electrons were ripped off by becomes negatively-charged. This is called static electricity. Objects with the same type of charge repel each other; objects with opposite type of charge attract each other.

Look how this cloth is positive because it lost some electrons

+ + - -


Awakening Africa

GEOGRAPHY

Biomes

Climate Graph

Physical reasons Africa is famous for

Savannah Grasslands Desert Tropical Rainforest

Pyramids of Giza, Egypt | Table Mountain – South Africa | Savannah Grasslands / Safari Holidays – KenyaVictoria Falls – Zambia / Zimbabwe | Desert Dunes – Namibia

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 120

2010

4020

6030

8040

10050

12060

14070

16080

18090

032

50

68

86

104

122

140

158

176

194

OF OC mmALTITUDE: 544M CLIMATE: BWh OC: 28.9 mm: 400

Average Temperature 23.6*cTotal Annual Rainfall 1415mm

SAVANNAH GRASSLANDS


TROPICAL RAINFOREST


DESERT

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 120

2010

4020

6030

8040

10050

12060

140

200

70

100

160

220

80

110

180

240

90

120

032

50

68

86

104

122

140

158

176

194

212

230

248

OF OC mmALTITUDE: 9M CLIMATE: AW OC: 23.6 mm: 1415

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 120

2010

4020

6030

8040

10050

12060

140

200

70

100

160

220

80

110

180

240

90

120

032

50

68

86

104

122

140

158

176

194

212

230

248

OF OC ALTITUDE: 582M CLIMATE: AW OC: 24.6 mm: 1686 mm


Awakening Africa

GEOGRAPHY

Rural vs Urban in LICsRural to Urban

migration in LICs & NEEs = Urbanisation

• Lack of service e.g. healthcare

• Limited food production

• Lack of employment opportunities

• Starvation

• Extreme physical conditions

• Mechanisation

• Lack of investment

• Farming is hard work with long hours and little pay

• Division of land among sons – each has too little to live on

• Better paid jobs. (Factory workers receive about three

times the wages of farm workers)

• More comfortable houses and a higher quality of life

• A better chance of services, e.g. schools, medical

treatment, entertainment.

• The ‘bright lights’ of the city

• Religious and political activities can be carried out

more safely

• More reliable sources of food

Desert / Semi-desert

Savannah

Deciduous woodland(Sudano-Guinean transition)Tropical rainforest(Guineo-Congolian)

Other 500KM

N

Push Factors from rural

Kenya’s population pyramid 2019

Population: 66,310,254

Pull Factors to urban

0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.6%

1.1%

1.6%

2.4%

2.4%

2.7%

3.3%

3.5%

3.2%

3.0%

3.3%

3.4%

3.4%

3.1%

3.0%

3.2%

3.2%

2.7%

0.0%

0.2%

0.5%

0.9%

1.4%

1.8%

2.6%

2.6%

2.8%

3.4%

3.6%

3.3%

3.1%

3.3%

3.4%

3.3%

3.0%

2.9%

3.0%

3.0%

2.6%

FEMALEMALE

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

90-94

95-99

100+


Awakening AfricaGEOGRAPHY

Sometimes the queues for the latrines are very long and

people cannot wait.

Queues have meant some people are forced to go to

the toilet in plastic bags within their homes.

We don’t have access to a toilet, my family & 50 of our

neighbours share one latrine (a hole in the ground).

Sometimes plastic bags will fly out of windows, we always

avoid these.

Most of the fresh water sources in Kibera e.g. Nairobi

reservoir, are polluted with diseases such as cholera &

typhoid.

The Kenyan government is to rehouse families into more secure housing made

of breezeblock.

Newly built water pipes & electricity lines have provided access to water &

electricity for the first time.

A biogas station has been developed to provide electricity from human waste for the community and generate income.

Regular rubbish collections have started.

New roads are being built to improve access.

Gap year students are encouraged to go & volunteer and help coordinate

efforts.

Village community clinics have been set up. Charities have provided medical

care & helped to train local people.

The UN has provided affordable electricity to people at 300 Kenyan

Shillings per shack.

The council and World Bank have installed 2 main water pipes.

Police stations have been established in transport containers.

Communal toilets & wash rooms have been installed across Kibera with the

help of the Red Cross.

Work for young people has been provided through new businesses selling local produce & building new homes.

There is no rubbish disposal in Kibera so rubbish is piled in the

streets. This encourages rats which spread disease.

It is not safe in parts of Kibera, especially at night, drug use

and violent crime make it dangerous.

Our home is built near to the train tracks, it is loud when

trains go past and we have to be careful when we cross it.

I go to school 4 days a week. I love school but sometimes the classroom is very full and we

have to stand.

Kibera has no access to clean drinking water.

2.5 million people live in Kibera. This is 60% of Nairobi’s population living on 6% of the

land.

My mother is very ill, it may be from the water we have been

drinking.

We have to walk to the Nairobi reservoir on the edge of Kibera to collect water to

drink.

There are no hospitals in Kibera but some health

centres have been set up by charities but these are very

small.

My house is 5 metres square & only one storey high. I live with

my parents & 5 siblings.

Most of our houses in Kibera have walls made out of mud & a corrugated tin roof, our

floor is just dirt.

When it rains rubbish in the streets is washed into the

reservoir & lakes.

The land we live on, we do not own. The government

could clear the land at any time & destroy our home.

I am very lucky to be part of the Kibera sport development programme, this gives me a

hobby that I love to do.

We moved to Kibera so my Dad could get work. We are lucky because my dad has found work whereas 50% of the people in Kibera don’t.

Squatter Settlements: Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya

Squatter Settlement Improvements

Evaluation of settlement improvement strategies

Progress has been slow in re-housing people. If current progress continues, it

will take 1,178 years to complete!

Local people have been involved in the decision making process & encouraging them to be self-sufficient in building new

homes.

Building new homes has provided 3,500 youths with jobs through the National

Youth Service.

Water & sanitation for the Urban Poor (a charity) has managed to provide 375,709 slum dwellers with water &

134,978 with sanitation services.

Rubbish disposal & sewerage is still a problem and is still exposing people to

the risk of disease (cholera).

Many of the jobs available are low paid & menial jobs - rubbish collections &

selling local produce.

Some residents of the new blocks say that the problems have followed them -

acute water shortages are frequent.

Unaffordable mortgages with over 20% interest mean that even when there are low-cost houses, the low-income groups

cannot afford them.


Awakening Africa GEOGRAPHY

Raw materials: Primary Industry: Global activity affects Africa

Democratic Republic of Congo: one of the poorest countries in the world: 37% population have no healthcare, 47% is without safe drinking water, and 50 million people eat less than two-thirds of the calories they need every day.

One man works with his son, who is ten years old. His son used to go to school but school fees are too expensive for the family so instead the boy works to earn money.

• State 2 differences between weather conditions in a desert and weather conditions in a rainforest.

• Describe 3 biomes found in Africa.

• Name countries found in the Sahara Desert.

• Compare the opportunities and challenges of living in the Nairobi slum.

• In your opinion should the companies of the world who use Africa’s resources treat the people fairly?

• Should tourism in Kenya be developed further?

• Evaluate the effectiveness of the Kiberia squatter settlement improvement plans.

• Explain how one squatter settlement improvement plan improves a family’s life.

• In your opinion which is the best squatter improvement plan?

• Do you agree the pull factors of urban areas outweigh the push factors of rural areas.

• Create questions (with answers) using the words to the right about this unit of work.

Is tourism good or bad for Kenya?

Nigeria: Oil

GLOSSARY

Sierra Leone: Blood diamonds

DRC: Coltan is used for the production of tantalum capacitors,

used in every mobile phone

BiomeDesert

Tropical RainforestSavannah Grasslands

SafariKenya

DistributionLatitudeAltitudeWeatherClimate

Ecosystem RuralUrban

MigrationPush factorPull factorMega city

UrbanisationPopulation Pyramid

Primary IndustryRaw Materials

ColtanSquatter Settlement

Opportunities Challenges

LatrineReservoir

SlumUnemployment Environmentalist

Maasi TribeTourist

United Nations (UN)Crime

Define

Who

What

Where

When

How

Describe

Safari bus driver

Maasi TribeEnvironmentalist

ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL

Committee

Tour operator Tourist

SOCIAL

Revision Tasks


Settlement

Burgess Model: Shows the land use of a city from the Central Business District (CBD) to the Rural Urban Fringe. Generally quality of housing improves with distance from the CBD, however some inner city areas have now been regenerated.

Higher levels of pollution Litter and graffiti

Lots of entertainment/leisure More chance of getting ajob

A lot of shops Congestion (very busy, lots of queues)

Easy access to services(schools and hospitals)

Transport links (easy accessto buses, trains andairports)

Higher crime rates

Higher house prices

Lower crime rates

Nice scenery

Not much noise pollution

Transport links (poor access to buses, trains and airports)

Limited entertainment

Not many shops

A long way from services(schools and hospitals)

Not many job opportunities

Lower levels of pollution

Cheaper house prices

Occurs in H.I.Cs, it is themovement of people out ofurban areas to surroundingcountryside or rural areas

Pull Factors to ruralPush Factors from urban

Counter-urbanisation

Land Use Models

Settlement Hierarchy

Settlement Site Factors

Settlement Patterns

The Hoyt Model

Isolated dwelling

Hamlet

Village

Small town

Decrease in frequency

Increase in size of settlement, higher population and more services

Large town

City

Conurbation

CBD

Factories/Industry (transitional)

Low Class Residential (old inner city area)

Medium Class Residential (inter-war period)

High Class Residential (modern suburbs)

CBD

Factories/Industry (transitional)

Low Class Residential (old inner city area)

Medium Class Residential (inter-war period)

High Class Residential (modern suburbs)

Transport and internet access enable people to travel longer distances and work from home.

Rural Urban

nucleated linear

dispersed

GEOGRAPHY


Indoor shopping centres located on the outskirts of towns or cities

Gives the exact height of a point on the map

e.g. Meadowhall, Sheffield. White Rose, Leeds. Trafford Centre, Manchester

How do these developments affect the local area and different stakeholders?

Glossary

Settlement

Site

Situation

Bridging point

Valley site

Defensive site

Dry point site

Aerial view

Oblique view

Burgess Model

Hoyt Model

Hierarchy

Isolated

Hamlet

Village

Town

City

Dispersed

Nucleated

Linear

Relief

Contours

Spot heights

Cross profiles

Services

Counter- urbanisation

Push factors

Pull factors

Stakeholder

Local council

Environmentalist

Government

Local council

Rural

Urban

Contour linesare closetogether. Thismeans a slopeis steep

Contour - lines of equal height

Retail Centres

Spot height Cross profiles

Settlement

TeenagersBusiness owners

EnvironmentalistsResidents

GovernmentLocal council

Stakeholders

Contour linesare far apart.This means aslope isgentle

GEOGRAPHY

Revision tasks

What factors would early settlers be looking for when locating a settlement?

Why is the settlement hierarchy pyramid shaped?

How is relief shown on an OS Map?

Contour lines show lines of equal height, what do spot heights show?

Give two push and two pull factors involved in counter urbanisation.

Which area of the UK would you like to live in and why; rural or urban?

State what the Burgess Model shows.

Draw and label three settlement patterns.

Name the 7 continents of the world.

Assess the impacts of out of town/city retail development e.g. Meadowhall.

Evaluate whether settlement site factors are still important in modern times.

Create questions (with answers) using the words to the left about this unit of work.

Define

Who

What

Where

When

How

Describe


What did people believe about the

Black Death?Reactions to the Black Death

• Some people whipped themselves to show God they are sorry for their sins (flagellation)

• People were told to go to Church more regularly to pray and ask for forgiveness for their sins

• Burning sweet smelling herbs to keep away miasma (bad air)

• Physicians take blood from your arm to rebalance the Four Humours (Blood-letting)

• People with the disease were quarantined for 40 days until they die or are clear of the disease

• Streets are cleaned in London to drive away miasmas

• In 1345 there was an unusual positioning of the planets which astrologers saw as a sign of something terrible about to happen

Key Words

Self-Flagellation – Show God how sorry you are by whipping yourself

Four Humours – Hippocrates’ theory on the body (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)

Miasma – Belief that bad air carried disease

Tithe – A payment made to the Church

Astrology – Basing ideas about the world e.g. health on the positioning of stars and planets

Revolt of 1381

1351 – the government introduced the Statute of Labourers to limit wages for peasants.

1381 – John Bampton attempted to collect a second Poll Tax from villagers in Essex. They refused to pay. The king sent soldiers to scare the villagers but they grouped together with nearby villages.

They stormed Maidstone Castle under Wat Tyler’s leadership and released a popular priest, John Ball.

They marched to London and King Richard II met them at Smithfield. The king accepted their demands such as ending feudal service.

Wat Tyler was killed by the Mayor of London and the rebels returned home.

Impact of the Black Death

Around 1/3 of the population of England died as a result of the Black Death, this was at least 2 million people.

With fewer workers those that survived could demand to be paid more, this partly led to the Peasants’ Revolt in 1381.

Increased wages led to more people spending money on schooling for their children meaning more people could read and write.

Food prices increased as land was unploughed and animals died.

The plague returned to England every 10-20 years and people continued to use similar responses. What did people believe caused the

Black Death?

Natural Supernatural

Miasma – bad airs from earthquakes and volcanoes

Astrology – the positioning of stars and planets

Four Humours – black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm

Religion – God had sent illness to punish sinners

HISTORY


How significant was the English Reformation?

Dynasty – a series of rulers (monarchs) from the same family line e.g. Tudors

Excommunicate – when the Pope (head of the church) bans someone from the church, this means they will go to hell.

Heresy – to act against the church e.g. disagree with its views.

Monarch – the ruler of the country, the King or Queen.

Treason – to act against the monarch in such a way that would cause them harm.

Why did Henry VIII destroyEnglish monasteries?

Money – The church owned around 1/3 of English land – made them very wealthy; peasants had to pay a tithe; Kirkstall Abbey contained valuable resources e.g. lead and copper, stones that could be used to build houses.

Religion – The church was said to be corrupt e.g. selling indulgences to pass through purgatory; wealthy people were giving huge sums of money e.g. paying for chapels.

Power – The Pope had a lot of influence over England as he could appoint Bishops who would be loyal to him. They owned land in England which gave them power over the farmers who rented their land.

Why was there opposition to the English Reformation?

Religion – Catholics living in England (especially the north-west and the Midlands) believed they would be sent to hell if they practised Christianity the Protestant way.

Individuals – Queen Mary – Mary became Queen of England following the death of Edward VI. She was raised as a Catholic and had strong links to Spain, a Catholic country. When she led England, she tried to return it to Catholicism.

Power – the Catholic church had a lot of influence and power over Europe, Charles V was the ruler of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor. There was pressure from the Pope and Charles to return England to Catholicism.

A Protestant church

A Catholic church

RELIGION

Key Words


Notes:


Keyword Mnemonics

Look, Cover, Write, Check

Graphic Organisers

Make up a sentence where each word begins with the same letter as the word you need to remember.e.g: Colours of the rainbow: ‘Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain’(Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet)e.g: The order of the planets: ‘My Very Enthusiastic Mother Just Served Us Noodles’ (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

This strategy is commonly used by primary schools, it is a proven effective method of practising the spelling of key terminology found in your knowledge organiser.

Start by carefully looking at the keyword you need to spell, cover it up, write it down, check it against your knowledge organiser and correct it if necessary. Make sure to practise the words you get incorrect several times as practice makes perfect!

Try to come up with different ways to represent the information visually, from your knowledge organiser for example: an infographic, a timeline, a cartoon strip, a Venn diagram, or a diagram of parts that work together.

Work your way up from drawing what you know from memory. By presenting your work in a different format the information is more likely to transfer to your long-term memory.

HOW TO USE GRAPHIC ORGANISERS

USING ‘LOOK, COVER, WRITE, CHECK’

HOW TO USE MNEMONICS FOR REVISION


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