Y12 Business – Term 3

Re-cap oRecruitment process / Internal & External / Job Description / Person Spec

oScheme of WorkoPaternity Leave

MOTIVATION THEORIES

MOTIVATION & MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

Objective:

To look at key motivational theories and apply to business situations.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

Starter Activity

• Write down 3 things which motivate you to study hard.

• Write down 3 things which either do now or might in the future motivate you to work hard (paid work)

Motivation

Motivation is important to ensure that workers work hard to improve the quality of a businesses products, keep its cost down, make a profit and remain competitive.

Motivational theorists

• F.W Taylor – Scientific management • McGregor – Theory X and Y• Maslow – Hierarchy of needs• Herzberg – Hygiene and motivator factors

Video clip

• What did Taylor set out to do• What changes to workplace organisation did

Taylor bring about?

http://www.youtube.co.uk/Taylor Scientific Management

F.W Taylor – Scientific Management

The first modern theory was from Taylor in 1911.

Activity Produce envelopes using the paper provided.

Time – 5 mins

How many have you produced?Are they all the same?Are they the same as your neighbours?Would you expect to get paid the same?

Taylor's theory – Scientific Management

The problems• Workplace badly organised• Some tasks approached in different ways• Some factories were efficient, others not• Why should efficient factories produce twice as

much when they get paid the same?• Incentive to work as little as possible – easier• Workers didn’t want responsibility for their work

How could we ensure that:• The envelopes are all the same • Made efficiently • Everyone completes the same

amount• People get rewarded for what they

do

Taylor’s solutions • Workers need close supervision so that output can

be measured• Managers should approach their tasks scientifically • Find best way of doing something• Show the workers the best way (train them)• Pay should be linked to expected output of an

efficient worker• Receive fair days pay for a fair days work – piece rate

system. • Taylor believed hat Money was the most important

factor in motivating staff.

Hawthorn Effect - ELTON MAYO• Mayo took Taylor’s motivation theory one step

further.• Lighting, heating, incentive scheme, rest periods

and hours of work were considered and improved.

• Each time one of them was changed output increased

• Mayo reported that the rise was due to the attention paid to the workers

This started the Human Relations School of thinking

McGregor – Theory X and YIn 1960 Douglas McGregor published two views of motivation

Theory X – Scientific management view Workers are lazy / don’t want responsibility

Theory Y – Human relations viewWorkers want responsibility and to be challenged

McGregor said that we should treat more workers as Theory Y

Quiz

1. Did Taylor look at motivation from a scientific management point of view or a human relations view?

2. Did the Hawthorn effect state that it agreed with Taylor’s view of motivation or not?

3. Name one of Taylor’s solutions to motivation4. What were McGregor's motivation theories called?5. What is the main difference between theory Y and

theory X?

Quiz - Answers1. Did Taylor look at motivation from a scientific management point

of view or a human relations view? Scientific Management view2. Did the Hawthorn effect state that it agreed with Taylor’s view of

motivation or not? Agreed3. Name one of Taylor’s solutions to motivation - answer4. What were McGregor's motivation theories called? Theory X &

Theory Y5. What is the main difference between theory Y and theory X?

Theory X relates to Scientific Management - motivated by money, workers lazy, need control, lack ambitionTheory Y relates to Human Relations view – workers motivated by needs, enjoy work, organise themselves, like responsibility

Herzberg – Two Factor Theory• Fredrick Herzberg believed that workers are motivated by

particular factors similar to those suggest by McGregor's Theory Y.

Herzberg believed that workers are motivated by job satisfaction.

Job Satisfaction e.g.• Money• Responsibility• Promotion • Flexibility

Hygiene factors Motivating factors

- satisfaction No satisfaction + satisfaction

How ever Herzberg created two different factors which would impact on the workers job satisfaction

Jumping Jelly beans

• Video Clip• You Tube

At the end you will be asked to write a summary of what Herzberg is proposing.

Extension:Is it relevant to today?

Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow believed that workers would be motivated if their needs were satisfied. Therefore he created a hierarchy of needs by placing the workers need in order of importance

ApplicationWhat can we take from motivational theories. How does it affect practice in businesses

Financial Methods• Time rates• Piecework• Performance Related• Profit Sharing• Share ownership and

share options• Fringe benefits

Non-Financial• Job enlargement• Empowering employees• Working in teams• Fringe Benefits• Workplace• Flexible workingEtc