X[yd/ w;b/-Gydk gzikp - Punjabi Library€¦ · 8 jh @gmk# fdsk jd. b/yeK dh jkbs epho ih torh jdh...

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X[yd/ w;b/-Gydk gzikp

e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{

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b/ye s/ Skge d/ nvo?Z; tkbk g/i

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;wogDfJj ouBk gzikph thoK-G?DK s/ yk; eoe/ ;wki d/ T[BQK torK Bz{ ;wofgs j?,fiBQK d/ u"frod/ c?b/ ;wkfie, okiBhse s/ nkofEe fGqFNkuko s/ F'FD fij/

X[yd/-Gyd/ w;fbnK d/ ;/e Bkb pkpk \ohd d/ FpdK ftu fgzv/-gk;/ s/jZv-r'v/ d[y-X[y oj/ jB s/ T[BQK dh w[FZes Goh f}zdrh dhnK tkNK s/ oksK

bzw/ohnK j' ojhnK jB.

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@@;[nkrs s/ ;[rks##oZp dh bhbk s/ ;kv/ uktK-wbQkoK dh uzr/o pDe/ ;kv/ xo nkJh

@e[zto r[Dsk;# B{z y[Fnkwdhd efjD ti'A fJj g[;sefJe n;h; Goh gfjbh ;[rks j?.

;kv/ gfotko ftu 60 ;kb pknd dkdh G{nk ;[ydhg e"o wro'A;kv/ pZfunK dh ghVQh dh fJ; gb/mh Xh-fXnkDh bJh

;w{j ;ke-;B/jhnK tb'A nekb g[oy d/ dfo #s/ nodk; pzdBk j? feFkbk! ;kvh okDh Xh @X"bK# dh f}zdrh ftu

uVQdh ebk, szdo[;sh s/ bzwh T[wo T[; dk ;dhth B;hpk pD/.oZp eo/! ;kvk fJj @X"bK g[Zs# nkgDhnK ghVQhnK d/ jwokj ;kEhnK Bkb

FkBk-p_FkBk ub e/ nkgD/ ;w/A dk jkDh sK }o{o pD/,go Bkb jh T[j ;kv/ wjkB g[ofynK s/ gfotkfoe tv/fonK s'A;kB{z fwbh ;funkoh ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkukfoe ftok;s dhnK

wfonkdk Gog{o gqzgoktK s/ B/e wkBth edoK-ehwsK B{z ed/ th Bk ft;ko/,;r'A ;d'A jh @r[Dsk;# ;funko/ ihtB dk Gog{o nBzd wkDdh oj/.

nkwhB!

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sseoki yZNhnK fwZmhnK go yohnK 06

ii gzikp dh ;Zd 10

iii fynkbK dk skDk-pkDk 18

1 @@feS[ ;[Dhn? feS[ ejhn?## 29

2 gzikp dh ejkDh FpdK dh }[pkBh 39

3 ;kv/ e"wh ;o'eko s/ f\eo-\ke/ 53

4 gzikph ;{p/ #u'A n;hA eh yZfNnk s/ eh r[nkfJnk 60

5 ;kv/ UjV-g"jV d/ pkti{d th gzikph dh d[odFk 82

6 wjK fteokb B?fse s/ p"fXe fGqFNkuko 103

7 n"os ;wki s/ ;kvk B}ohnk 117

8 nzwk d/y s/ok w[zvk fprVk ikJ/aaa 144

9 BfFnK-gZfsnK dh fJZbs dk S/tK dfonk 161

10 fGqFNkuko d/ e"wh w[Zd/ #s/ ykjwykj dh bVkJh 193

11 jkb/ fdZbh d{o j? 201

12 gkDhnK dh nZr 231

13 d[nk Gh eo{z s' drk ;h br/ j? 235

14 n;hA eh fe;/ dk eo}k d/Dk j? 251

15 ;Zo! w?A wfjzrkJh p'b ojh j{z 263

16 c"ihnK, gqtk;hnK s/ g?BFBykoK d/ ;[bxd/ w;b/ 284

17 Fk;B-gqFk;B ftu dybnzdk}h 312

18 v/o/ tkfbnK Bkb w[bQk}/dkoh 333

19 whfNzr p[bkU-ew/Nh pDkU 340

20 p/-noE j' u[Ze/ Fpd 345

21 p?m e/ eoB tkbh rZb 351

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22 J/j[ jwkok ihtDk 378

23 efbnkDekoh ;oeko s/ okwpkD fij/ gqFk;B dk ;zebg 395

24 ;" ;[nkbK dk fJe i[nkp 419

25 Fjhdh fdjkV/ pD/ f;nk;s d/ nykV/ 444

26 ;kvh wjkBsw nfXnksfwe, Xkofwe s/ Fjhdh ftok;s 455

27 ;kv/ ;fGnkuko d/ ftok;sh ]}kfBnK dh ;zGkb 478

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yZNhnK fwZmhnK go yohnKe[bpho f;zx f;ZX{ B{z ukbQh ;kb s'A ikDdk jK id'A T[j cohde'N

w?fi;N/qN j[zdk ;h s/ w?A pofizdok ekbi #u gVQkT[Adk j[zdk ;h. ne;ow[bkeks j[zdh ofjzdh ;h, go T[; ftZu ncoFkjh tkbh jT[A BjhA ;h.FkfJd fJj' ekoB ;h fe T[j ;wki d/ jo tor d/ b'eK B{z B/fVUAikD-;wM ;fenk j?. nfijh fJe j'o ikDekoh dk wro'A gsk bZrk feid'A T[j fco'}g[o fvgNh efwFBo j[zdk ;h sK nkgD/ pkvh rkovK B{zMekBh d/ e/, e[Vsk-gikwk gk e/ s/ f;ZXh-;kdh fijh gZr tb/N e/;kJheb #s/ w{zj-jBQ/o/ jh ;ko/ Ffjo dk uZeo bk nkT[Adk ;h. wro'A, id'Ae[M ;kb gfjbK, fco'}g[o fvth}B dk efwFBo bZfrnk, T[d'A th T[jn?t/A jh eodk fojk. T[j d/ nXhB nc;oK s/ g[fb; tkfbnK B{z T[j dh;[oZfynk ekoB w[;hps gJh ofjzdh, go T[j b'eK d/ B/V/ j' e/ T[BQK dhnKd[Zy-sebhcK B{z ikBD dh nkgDh nkds s'A wip{o ;h. fJj T[j dk co}th ;h fe fJj gsk eo/ fe nkw b'eK dhnK T[j fezBhnK e[ fFekfJsKd{o eo-eok ;edk ;h.

fJj n;hA ;ko/ ikDd/ jK fe fiZE/ tZv/ nc;oK dh FkB-F"es s/fJZ}s-wkD j[zdk j?, T[E/ T[BQK B{z ezw th fdB oks eoBk g?Adk j?. oki;hB/sktK, wzsohnK, ;K;dK, j/mbh gZXo d/ ;EkBe oki;h toeoK d/r[Z;/-frb/ dk fFeko th j'Dk g?Adk j?. w/ok fJe j'o nkJhHJ/Han?Z;H d';sne;o efjzdk j[zdk j?, @Goktk E'v/ torh w"i feE/l fszB-uko ghohnvgVQkJ/ ukj/ Bk gVQkJ/, w[zv/-e[VhnK Bkb jZ;-y/v e/, ukj/ ej' gVQk e/, w"iBkb xo ik e/ ;"A ikB/A U. ;kvh nc;oh E'B{z pj[s tZvh brdh n?, go;kv/ gzikj y;w Bh E'B{z fd;d/ fiBQK B{z @;o-;o# eofdnK dk ;zx ;[ZeiKd?. nkg s'A ;hBhno nc;oK dhnK fMVeK nZv ;fjDhnK g?Adhn?.#

w?B{z T[j dh rZb ed/ rbs BjhA bZrh. go fbyD-gVQB dk G[Z; fe;/ftob/ B{z j[zdk j?. T[BQK d/ ezw jh BjhA w[Zed/, fbyD-gVQB ed'A< go f;ZX{dhnK gfjbhnK feskpK s/ fJj jEbh feskp gVQ e/ p/fMie efj ;edkjK fe f}zdrh d/ nB/e pbfe jo/e gZyK dh ikDekoh dk w"ek fJBQKnc;oK B{z fwbdk j?, T[j fe;/ th j'o ezw #u BjhA fwbdk. ]?o! nfijkw"ek iK f;oc e[M ypsh b/yeK B{z fwbdk j?, fiBQK B{z e[dos B/ fdwkr

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jh @g[Zmk# fdZsk j[zd?. b/yeK dh jkbs epho ih torh j[zdh j?, fiBQK dkefjDk j?L-

epho fiBj[ feS{ ikfBnk BjhA fsB ;[y BhAd fpjkfJ..jwj[ i[ p{Mk p{MBk g{oh goh pbkfJ..

fJj @pbkn# f}zdrh dhnK r'MK p[MD tkfbnK d/ rbQ g?Adh j?.e[dos B/ fiBQK B{z fdwkr jh w'N/ uwV/ tkbh wZM tork fdZsk j't/l T[jwkV/ s'A wkV/ jkbks ftu th ;[Zy dh BhAd ;"A ;ed/ jB. e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{dh w[;hps nkw b/yeK Bkb'A d[ZrDh j?. e[M sK gVQB-fbyD dk @u;ek#bZr frnk, d{i/ ;kY/ fszB djke/, gzikph ;wki d/ jo tor Bkb f;ZXkwZEk bkT[Dk fgnk s/ ikDekoh J/BhA #eZmh j' rJh fe i/ fJj tZvhnKfeskpK Bk fbydk sK ;/tk-w[esh fgZS'A p/u?B j' iKdk feT[Afe nc;oh t/b/ dhnK ;bkwK fwbDhnK BjhA ;h, wzi/ #s/ fgnk jkT[e/ bJh iKdk.

toswkB ;wK @ro}K dk :[Zr# j?, fpBK ro} s'A e'Jh th fe;/ tZbBjhA Mkedk. t'N dk nfXeko fwbD eoe/, ro} j[D toswkB b'eszso#u ;K;dK s/ wzsohnK B{z b'eK sZe j?, b'eK B{z BjhA. i/ nkw b'eK B{z ro}e'Jh j[zdh th j?, T[j ;koh T[wo g{oh BjhA j[zdh, c/o feT[A e'Jh fJBQKfBZe/-tZv/ B/sktK dhnK b/bQVhnK eZYdk fco/. ;Zm ;kb sK b/bVhnKeZYfdnK j' rJ/, gZb/ gJh rohph, p/o[}rkoh s/ p/fJ}sh. c/o feT[A e'JhT{m d/ p[ZbQ fvZrD dh nk; ftu i[ZshnK x;kT[Adk fco/. fJj' ekoB j? fej[D B/sktK dhnK fwzBsK eoB dh pikJ/ b'e ;zxoF d/ okj g? oj/ jB.fJj dk gqsZy ;p{s o'} tX oj/ ib;/, ib{;, XoB/ s/ tZv/ fJeZm eoe/;oeko d/ g[sb/ ;kVB dk tXdk o[MkB j?.

fbyDk w?A f;ZX{ dh fJ; feskp pko/ j?, fi; dk BK jh T[jB/ e"Vk-e[;?bk oZfynk j? @X[yd/ w;b/ s/ Gydk gzikp#. fJjd/ F[o{ ftZu jh T[jB/fbfynk j?, @gzikp B{z dog/F w;b/ ns/ yk; eoe/ gzikph ;{p/ s'A g?dk j'J/okiXkBh uzvhrVQ, gzikph p'bd/ fJbke/, gkDhnK dh tzv s/ GkFkJho/VfenK d/ w;b/ jkbh th jZb BjhA j'J/. ;r'A fJBQK ftZu j'o th pj[s;ko/ ;wkfie s/ nkofEe tkn-to'fbnK Bkb fezBK ;kok eZy-ekD thob-fwb frnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJj X[yd/ w;b/ wstkso ;[br oj/ jBns/ ;w[Zuk gzikp GZm pD e/ Gy-sg fojk j?.#

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g[;se d/ 27 GkrK ftu FkfJd jh e'Jh nfijk w;bk ofj frnkj'J/ fi; dk ;pzX gzikp d/ X[yd/-Gyd/ w;fbnK Bkb Bk j't/. jo w;b/pko/ T[jB/ ft;Eko Bkb fbfynk j? sK i' gkme B{z tX s'A tX ikDekohfwb ;e/ fe gzikp fejVhnK w[FfebK dk ;kjwDk eo fojk j?.fJj g[;se gVQfdnK eJh tko fynkb nkfJnk fe T[j jo rZb B{ztX/o/ ft;Eko Bkb fbydk j?, i' ;zy/g FpdK ftu th dZ;h ik ;edh j?.go Bkb jh, fJe b/ye ;wo;?N wknwQ dh fJe feskp @@dk ;fwzrnZg## dk fynkb nk frnk, fi; ftu T[jB/ nkgD/ Yzr Bkb fbfynk j?fe i' e[M b/ye eJh ;kbK ftZu fbydk j?, gkme T[j B{z e[ZM xzfNnK ftugVQ b?Adk j?. fJ; bJh, @fiE/ uzr/ ;kfjs dh b'V j? T[E/ ;kfjs d/ ftFkbneko dh th b'V j? sK i' gkme B{z gVQB bJh brksko e[M Bke[M fwbdk oj/.#

fe;/ th gZy B{z fizBK tX/o/ ft;Eko Bkb fbfynk ikJ/ nkw gkmeB{z T[sBh tX/o/ ikDekoh fwbdh. tX s'A tX ikDekoh Bkb jh e'Jh w;bkT[jB{z uzrh soQK ;wM nkT[Adk j?. ;zy/g ftu fdZsh ikDekoh, pj[s xZNgkme ;wM ;ed/ jB. nkw gkme B{z nfijh ikDekoh okjhA jh fe;/w;b/ dh g{oh ;wM nkT[Adh j? s/ T[;/ ftu'A T[j nfij/ B[es/ bZG ;edkj?, fijV/ T[j u/sBk g?dk eod/ jB fi; dh toswkB ;w/A jo nkw pzd/B{z b'V j?. BjhA sK nfijh u/sBk fpBK T[jdhnK nrbhnK ghVQhnK thfJzM jh eFN G'rdhnK ofjDrhnK feT[Afe b'eszso ftZu b'eK tZb'A jhBt/A @okfinK# B{z T[BQK d/ co}K bJh wip{o ehsk ik ;edk j?. BjhA T[BQKB{z sK t'NK sZe ro} j? T[j nkg'-nkgD/ Yzr tos e/ ed/ e'Jh, ed/ e'JhgkoNh oki ;KG b?Adh j? s/ nkgD/ oki d/ i' th ;zGt bkG jB, T[j bJhiKdh j?. t'NoK dh sK uko fdB dh y/v j[zdh j?, T[j ubke B/sk y/vDth y{p f;Zy rJ/ jB s/ fiZsD dhnK r'MK th T[BQK B/ y{p f;Zy bJhnK jB.

fJe gZy j'o th j?. jo b/ye d/ fbyD dk Yzr tZyok j[zdk j?. T[ji' th fbydk j?, nkgD/ Yzr s/ ;'u-;wM nB[;ko fbydk j?.fe;/@T[;skd# dh fdZsh f;Zfynk th ekoro ;kfps BjhA j[zdh. Gkt/A T[jB/fbyDk-gVQBk ;e{b, ekbiK iK :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ nfXnkgeK s'A f;fynkj[zdk j? iK nB/e b/yeK dhnK feskpK gVQ e/ ;wfMnk j[zdk j?l go fbyDkT[jB/ nkgD/ ftukoK, GktBktK s/ ;{M-;wM nB[;ko jh j[zdk j?.

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e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{ dh fJj g[;se, T[; dh T[wo Go dh;'u-;wM, ftukoK s/ GktBktK dk fBu'V j?. T[jB/ i' e[ZM th fbfynk j?,T[j p/pke Yzr Bkb, ;Zu/ wB'A fbfynk j?. fe;/ nfij/ we;d Bkb e[ZMBjhA fbfynk fe fe;/ th ;wkfie, okiBhfse tor B{z fXnkB ftZu oye/ iK fe;/ dh ukgb{;h eoBh iK fe;/ s'A e[M yZNDk j?. i' T[j B{z rbsbZfrnk T[; B{z y[Zb e/ rbs jh dZf;nk j? s/ i' mhe ikfgnk, T[; B{z mhejh fejk j?. fJj' gZy T[jdh g[;se dh ftF/Fsk j?.

gkme nkgDh ;wM, ftukoK s/ GktBktK nB[;ko e[bpho f;zx dhfe; rZb B{z ;wMdk j? s/ fejVh rZb T[jB{z mhe BjhA brdh, fJj jogkme dh nkg'-nkgDh wkBf;esk #s/ fBoGo eodk j?. go fJj }o{ofejk ik ;edk j? fe feskp gVQB wro'A fe;/ th gkme B{z fJj wfj;{;BjhA j'Dk fe T[jB/ nkgDk ;wK nikJhA r[nk fbnk j?. fJj' fJ; g[;sedh tZvh gqkgsh ejh ik ;edh j?.

gdwfFoh gq'c?;o r[ofdnkb f;zxfrnkB ghm g[o;eko fti/sk

Gkosh ;kfjs ne?vwh n?tkovfrnkBghm wkor, i?s'

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gzikp dh ;Zdgzikp B{z dog/F w;fbnK #s/ @X[yd/ w;b/ s/ Gydk gzikp#

f;ob/y j/m ;qH e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{ nkJhHJ/Hn?Z;H d[nkok fbyh rJh fJjfJe ;zihdk s/ ikDekoh Gog{o g[;se j?. b/ye B{z fJfsjk;, G{r'b ns/;fGnkuko dh v{zxh tke\hns j?. T[j fJ; sZE s'A th uzrh soQK ikD{z j?fe toswkB gzikp, g[oksB gzikp s'A ni'eh jkbs ftu fe; soQK s/fejV/ jkbK ftu gj[zfunk j? feT[Afe F[o{ s'A jh gzikp B{z tko-tkoeZfNnk-tZfYnk iKdk fojk j?.

e[bpho f;zx dZ;dk j? fe nkohnk ekb d/ ;w/A ;gs f;zX{ d/ BkwBkb ikD/ iKd/ fJ; fyZs/ s'A th gfjbK d/ ;w/A d/ gzikp B{z d;t/A gkfsFkj;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpd f;x ih B/ nFNBd dh G{wh fejk j?. fJj fyZsknFNBd Gkt nZm dfonktK dh Xosh s'A ;gs f;zX{ Gkt ;Zs dfonk s/fco gzikp noEks gzi dfonktK dh Xosh s/ j[D YkJh nkp sZe f;wNe/ gzikphnK dh ni'eh eowG{wh pD e/ ofj frnk j?. fJ; soQK gqkuhB;w/A ftu g'o; s/ wZX ekb ftu pkpk pzdk f;x pjkdo d/ oki dhp[fBnkd ns/ f;Zy fw;bK d/ oki #s/ nXkfos wjkokik oDihs f;zx dkf;Zy ;kwoki j[D fJfsjk; d/ gzB/ jh pD e/ ofj frnk j?. fco j'o thf;Zsw fJj j'fJnk fe ;zB 1947 ftu wXkDh tzv gk e/ gzikp d/ d'r?o-e[dosh N[eV/ eo fdZs/ rJ/ ns/ fco 1966 ftu fJe j'o nb'ekohj'Jh, fi; B/ fe gzikp B{z j'o th S'Nk pDk fdZsk frnk.

gzikp Bkb p/fJB;kchnK dh pVh bzwh rkEk j?. fJ; ;G ek;/ ftu'AnZi dk gzikp fBefbnk j?. ek\h ;w/A s'A e/Adoh gZXo #s/ bNed/ nk oj/f;nk;h w;b/ fit/A fe gzikph p'bd/ fJbke/ gzikp B{z Bk fwbDk, fcogzikp dh okiXkBh uzvhrVQ gzikp B{z Bk d/Dk, fJ; soQK jh ;{fpnK B{z tZXnfXeko Bk d/Dk ns/ gkDhnK dh ekDh tzv fij/ w[Zd/ fiT[A d/ fsT[A jB.fJ; s'A fJbktk y/soh gZXo #s/ gzikp dh v[Zp ojh feo;kDh, tZX ojhp/o[}rkoh, y[odh ik ojh itkBh s/ BF/-gs/ dh j' ojh p/-o'e-N'es;eoh ns/ ;wki ftu s/ yk; eoe/ f;nk;h b'eK s/ gqFk;fBenfXekohnK ftu fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh tor/ nfij/ rzGho w;b/

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jB, i' fe ikD/-nDikD/ nZy-go'y/ ehs/ ik oj/ jB.

fJ; soQK n;hA gzikp d/ ;w[Zu/ ;wkfie, nkofEe s/ okiBhfsetksktoD B{z rzXbk e/ ;wki bJh p/jZd wko{ pDk fdsk j?. fJj fpbe[bUt/A jh j? fit/A fe n;hA jfonkbh ysw eoe/ nkgD/ e[dosh tksktoDs/ dfonkJh gkDhnK B{z y[d jh d{fFs eoe/ nkgD/ tk;s/ jh xkse pDkoj/ jK. ;kvhnK fJBQK ;kohnK ;wkfie s/ nkofEe ;wZf;nktK ;kv/ ftunkuoD s/ nB[Fk;B dh xkN pbdh nZr #s/ s/b pD e/ ;kvh ;koh;oekoh s/ gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek dk ;tk-;fsnkBk; eo ojh j?.

fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ ihtB ftu ;dkuko s/ edoK-ehwsK ftu nkJhfroktN d/ ekoB ;kvh wkBf;esk, e"wh feodko s/ fttjko ftud'rbkgD s/ j/ok-c/oh fijhnK nfs wkVhnK gqftoshnK g?dk j' rJhnKjB. ;kv/ ihtB ftu fBZitkd, wkfJnktkd s/ ;[nkoEtkd fijhnKew}'ohnK s/ eos{sK ;kv/ ;wkitkd, gowkoEtkd s/ fsnkr fij/tXhnk ;zebgK #s/ jkth j' ojhnK jB. fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvh wK p'bhgzikph dh nX'rsh s'A b? e/ ;kvh f;Zfynk gqDkbh ftu e'MhnKewhnK-ykwhnK g?dk j' ojhnK jB. fJj fwb-fwbke/ ;kv/ xoK s'A b? e/;e{bK-ekbiK s/ fco nZr/ ;wki sZe ;kv/ tk;s/ w'fozv/ ns/ e'Neg{o/ d/ckNeK tKrz{ uzr/ Bkrfoe pDB ftu nfVZek pDhnK j'JhnK jB.

fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kvk tksktoD gbhs j'D ekoB b'e fGnkBefpwkohnK dk fFeko j' oj/ jB. wkbt/ d/ y/so B{z e?A;o torh fGnkBefpwkoh B/ ieV fbnk j? ns/ fJj d{;o/ y/soK ftu th c?b ojh j?. fJ;tk;s/ fJBQK w;fbnK s/ wZ[fdnK tb ;kB{z s[ozs fXnkB d/D dh }o{os j?feT[Afe tZv/-tZv/ xZb{xkfonK B/ th e"w dk T[BK B[e;kB BjhA ehsk, fizBKfe nZi-eZbQ BF/ s/ jkd;/ eo oj/ jB.

;kvk ;wki fGqFNkuko, GkJh-Gshiktkd, Go{D jfsnk, BF/y'oh,dki-dj/i, fdykt/pk}h, c?FB gq;sh s/ F'F/pk}h dh c'eh czB/ykJh ftup[oh soQK cf;nk j'fJnk j?. eJh tko dcsoK ftu ik e/ nfijk gqshsjz[dk j? fe T[E/ }who g;zd ;wki ;/thnK dh EK y[dro} ftnesh jh p?m/jB, fijV/ fe g?;/ s'A fpBK fe;/ dk ezw jh BjhA eod/. n;hA pZfunK B{z

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th g?;/ ewkT[D tkbhnK wFhBK jh pDk oj/ jK. n;hA nkgD/ ;fGnkuko,ftok;s s/ fJfsjk; s'A T[BQK B{z ikD{z BjhA eotkT[Ad/ s/ Bk jh T[BQK B{zuzrhnK edoK-ehwsK f;ykTA[d/ jK. fJ; tk;s/ jh ;kv/ pZu/ tZv/ j' e/ id'Afe;/ th nj[d/ dh e[o;h #s/ p?md/ jB sK fco T[BQK e'b' jZe, ;Zu ns/fJB;kc dh rZb BjhA j[zdh, ;r'A T[j g?;k ns/ gdkoE fJeZmk eoB B{z jhnkgDh f}zdrh dk fBFkBk ;wM p?md/ jB.

i/eo n;hA ;wki ftu uzrhnK edoK ehwsK ftef;s eoBhnK ukjz[d/jK sK ;kB{z nkgD/ pZfunK B{z iVQK d/ Bkb i'VBk gt/rk. T[BQK B{z nkgDhwK-p'bh, ;fGnkuko ns/ ftok;s s'A ikD{z eotke/ T[; #s/ wkD eoBkf;ykT[Dk gt/rk. fJ; ;G bJh pZu/ d/ wkfgnK, nfXnkgeK, b/yeK ns/;wki ftu ftuo oj/ ;{MtkB gqkDhnK B{z nkgDk pDdk o'b fBGkT[Dkgt/rk. i/eo f;ZX{ ;kfjp B/ nkgDh ;koh ;oekoh ;/tk d"okB fJwkBdkohBkb ezw ehsk j? sK fJ; ftu fJBQK d/ wksk-fgsk ftF/F :'rdkB j?,fiBQK B/ fe S'Nh T[wo s'A jh fJBQK B{z uzr/ ;z;eko s/ uzrhnK edoK-ehwsKfdZshnK ;B.

;qH f;ZX{ j'oK B/ fJ; g[;se ftu toswkB ;w/A ftu ;wki ftuc?bhnK j'JhnK e[ohshnK dk f}eo ehsk j? ns/ rzGho s/ ;zihdk w;fbnKd/ jZb th ;[MkJ/ jB. T[BQK e'b pj[s jh ;zihdk rZb B{z pV/ f;ZX/-gZXo/fij/ g/Av{ bfji/ ftu efjD dk ;bhek s/ sohek j?. T[j ;zihdk s'A ;zihdkrZb B{z th nkgD/ ftbZyD s/ wy"bhJ/ fij/ ;[Gkn Bkb ;fji ;[Gkn jhefj iKd/ jB. fco b/ye e'b fe;/ w;b/ dh bzph u"Vh sc;hb B{z fe;/FkfJo d/ Y[Zet/A ;[yB dh g/Fekoh ;fjs ;wMD s/ ;wMkT[D dh ;woEkth j?.

fJE/ f}eo:'r j? fe ;qH f;ZX{ dk ;zt/dBkFhb wB fes/ Bk fes/nkgD/ fgsk s'A fwbh T[od{ }[pkB dh p'b-pkDh s/ nkgDh wksk s'A fwbhNe;kbh p'bh dh fwmk; B{z nkgD/ X[o nzdo ;w'Jh p?mk j?. fJj jh ekoBj? fe T[j T[od{ Bk ikDB d/ pkti{d th T[od{ FkfJoh dh nkgDhnKb/yDhnK ftu pVh Y[Zeth s/ noE Gog{o tos'A eodk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktkT[j jw/FK T[od{ }[pkB dh nwhoh s/ B\k;s dh tekbs eodk j?.

14

fBo;zd/j T[j gzikph }[pkB B{z th nkgDh fizd-ikB fizBK jh fgnkok;wMdk j? ns/ fJ; soQK T[; B/ gzikph d/ nykDK, w[jktfonK s/ ekftN'fNnK B{z pky{ph nkgDhnK fbysK ftu ;'jDh iVs eoe/ ;zi'fJnk j?.

f;ZX{ j'oK e'b pj[s bzwk gqFk;eh siopk j?. T[j jo rZb B{z pj[spkoheh Bkb d/yd/ jB. fe;/ p[okJh dh iVQ feZE/ j?, T[; p[okJh B{z iVQA'fe; soQK g[fNnk ik ;edk j?l f;ZX{ ;kfjp fJ; B{z pky{ph ikDd/ jB.f;ZX{ j'oK B/ nkgDh gqFk;fBe ;/tk ;w/A fJe gk;/ nkgD/ nkg B{z b'eKBkb i'Vh ofynk j? s/ T[BQK dh Bp} gSkDh j? ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;oekoK s/gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek B{z y[d gfVQnk-r[fVQnk s/ jzYkfJnk j?. fJ; gqEkfJT[BQK dk efjDk j? fe nekb g[oy tb'A T[BQK B{z fwbh b'e ;/tk dh w'jbss/ ;woEk B{z T[BQK B/ nkgD/ jh b'eK dh fXo s/ jZck pDe/ fBGkfJnk j?.T[BQK B/ ;wki ftu c?b/ rbs toskfonK dk Xoksbh gZXo #s/ pVk v{zxknfXn?B eoe/ ;wki s/ gqFk;eh ;[XkoK tk;s/ nkgD/ gqFk;fBe siop/s'A eJh nfjw ;[Mkn fdZs/ jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu f;nk;h ns/ ;oekoh gZXo #s/ fi; soQK d/ :sBj'D/ ukjhd/ jB, T[j BjhA j' oj/ jB. p/FZe e[M e[ ;z;EktK s/ Fy;hnsKfJ; tr ojh jB/oh B{z mZbQ gkT[D d/ :sB ftu jB. T[BQK ftu'A jh;qH e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{ fJe nfijh Fy;hns j?, fi; B/ fe fvgNhefwFBo o'gV, fco'}g[o, r[odk;g[o ns/ efwFBo nzfwqs;o s/ b[fXnkDkfwT{A;gb ekog'o/FBK s/ nyho ftu efwFBo fco'}g[o fvth}B s/cohde'N fvth}B fij/ T[u nj[fdnK #s/ ofjzfdnK j'fJnK fdnkBsdkoh,fJwkBdkoh s/ fwjBs dh fw;kb g?dk ehsh j? s/ nkgD/ fjod/ nzdo@gzikp dk dod# ;w'Jh ofynk j?.

nZi id'A e[bpho f;zx ;/tkw[es j' rJ/ jB sK th T[j sB', wB', XB'fJ; rZb bJh :sBFhb jB fe w/ok ;'jDk gzikp fco s'A j'o th ozrbks/ wBw'jDk pD ikt/. fJ; gq;zr ftu b/ye B/ gfjbK nkgD/ nkg B{z@wk;h d/ g[ZsK tkbh ngDs# d[nkok ;wki Bkb nkJhv?ANhckJh GktfJefwe ehsk j? s/ c/o nkgD/ b'eK dhnK w[FfebK dh fBFkBd/jh eod/j'J/ T[BQK dk ftFb/FD ehsk j? ns/ fco T[; T[gozs ;wZf;nktK d/ jZbeoB fjZs T[gkn-T[gokb/ ;[MkJ/ jB.

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fJj g[;se B"itkBK, ftfdnkoEhnK, nfXnkgeK s/ ;wki ;/th b'eKtk;s/ wkor doFe pD ;edh j?. yk; eoe/ ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{nK,nc;oK, w[bk}wK ns/ nkw BkrfoeK bJh th fJj ouBk pokpo dhbkj/tzd j't/rh. fco fijV/ b'e f;oc gdkoE fJeZmk eoB ftu bZr/ j'J/jB s/ tZvhnK-tZvhnK e'mhnK T[;ko oj/ jB, T[BQK B{z fJ; rZb pkpsikDB dh b'V j? fe w[rbK Bkb'A tZvh ;bsBs d/ T[j wkbe BjhA pD;ed/. i/ w[rbK torh tZvh ;bsBs ysw j' ;edh j? s/ 300 ;kb d/;w/A ftu jh T[BQK dk e'Jh tkbh-tkfo; BjhA fojk sK fco ofjDk s[jkvkth BjhA. nfij/ b'eK B{z pj[s tZvk ;pe f;ZyD dh b'V j?.

;kvhnK ;oekoK, gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek s/ f;Zfynk gqDkbh d/ dcsoKftu p?m/ j'J/ wzsohnK s/ nc;oK B{z fJj :kd oZyDk ukjhdk j? fe nekbg[oy dh pyfFF Bkb s[jkB{z fJj nj[dk B;hp j'fJnk j?, fJ; tk;s/s[jkvk fJybkeh co} pDdk j? fe s[;hA iBsk Bkb fJB;kc eo'. i/eonkgD/ ;w/A ftu s[;hA ;wki, d/F s/ e"w bJh e[M Bk eo ;e/ sK ;wKs[jkB{z ed/ th w[nkc BjhA eo/rk. fJj nj[dk ;dk BjhA ofjDk, fcogSskT[Ad/ oj'r/. ;'uD tkbh rZb j? fe nzro/}K d[nkok ftef;s ehskfrnk gqnXhBsk dk f;;Nw ni/ th uZb fojk j? ns/ nc;o, w[bk}w,vkeNo s/ j'o ;ko/ eowukoh fJ; uZeoftT{ ftu c;/ j'J/ jB. T[BQK e'bftjb jh BjhA fe T[j d/y ;eD fe ;wki ftu eh e[M tkgo fojk j?.;kvh ;wki gqsh eh f}zw/tkoh j? ns/ ;wki dh fpjsoh bJh n;hA eh:'iBktK pDkT[DhnK jB<

;kv/ gzikp dh j' ojh d[odFk ftu fiE/ f;nk;h nkr{nK, xVzwu"XohnK ns/ ;oekoK dk :'rdkB j?, T[E/ nc;oFkjh th pokpo dh d'Fh j?.;kv/ pj[s/ b/yeK B/ ;kvhnK pj[shnK ;kfjse s/ ;fGnkukfoe ;z;EktK ns/nkgD/ nkg B{z fJBebkph efjD tkbhnK fXoK B/ th nkgDk pDdk :'rdkBBjhA gkfJnk. fit/A B"itkB BfFnK tZb bZr rJ/ s/ b[ZNK-y'jK ftu g? rJ/jB, fJ; dk wZ[y ekoB p/o[}rkoh s/ fgSb/ ;w/A ftu B"itkBK #s/ j'fJnksFZdd j?. B"itkBK ns/ nkw b'eK d/ jZe ftu yVQB tkbhnK j;shnK d/ tZv/gXo #s/ esb/nkw d/ ekoB b'eK d/ j"A;b/ N[ZN rJ/ jB. T[j nkgDh nDys/ fJZ}s ykso bVB s'A th gZbk MkV oj/ jB. wkBf;e dpkn d/ ekoB

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B"itkB BfFnK ftu c; rJ/ jB ns/ BF/ g{o/ eoB bJh b[ZNK y'jK eooj/ jB. fijV/ B"itkB jkb/ th T[;ko{ ;'u s/ ekpbhns oZyd/ jB, T[jnkgD/ jh d/F ftu p/o[}rkoh s/ p/edoh d/ ekoB ftd/FK B{z tjhoK xZsoj/ jB, fJ; tk;s/ fJj th fJe tZvk w;bk j?.

d/F d/ nkr{nK B{z fJBQK ;kohnK ;wf;nktK tZb s[ozs fXnkB d/D dhb'V j? feT[Afe i/ b'e T[m yVQ/ j'J/ sK fco ;zGkbDk w[Ffeb j' ikt/rk.toswkB ;w/A ftu id'A n;hA f;nk;sdkBK dk fXnkB ;wki ftu c?bhnKj'JhnK e[ohshnK tZb fdtkT[d/ jK sK T[j nkyd/ jB fe nc;oFkjhnky/ BjhA bZrdh. id'A nc;oK Bkb rZb eohdh j? sK T[j nkyd/ jB fef;nk;sdkB ;[Xko BjhA j'D fdzd/. go b'eK Bkb rZb ehs/ gsk brdkj? fe @u'o-e[sh# ob/ j'J/ jB. d'tK ftu gfjb edwh dh pVh xkN j?.fiE/ fes/ th ;[Xko j'J/ jB, fJwkBdko Fy;hnsK B/ jh ehs/ jB. f;ZX{;kfjp B/ Bp} cVQh j? s/ g[;se ftu pVh db/oh Bkb ;Zu fpnkfBnk j?.nkgDh ebw B{z ;Zu d/ Bkb yVQ/ eoB bJh n;hA wzieh gzikph ;ZE Gzrkbktb'A T[BQK B{z tXkJh fdzd/ jK.

nfij/ b'eK B{z fijV/ ;Zsk ns/ nj[d/ dk ;[Zy G'r oj/ jB, T[BQK B{zfJj u/s/ oZyDk ukjhdk j? fe fJj n}kdh pVhnK e[opkBhnK eoe/ gqkgsj'Jh j?. ;kv/ d/F GrsK B/ nkgDhnK ikBK #s/ y/v e/ fJ; B{z jkf;b ehskj?. i/eo ;kv/ nkr{ nkgDh f}zw/tkoh fBGkT[D s'A nt/;b/ oj/ sK d/F ftunokiesk c?bD dk vo j?. nkU ob-fwb e/ :sB eohJ/. pZfunK ftud/F Grsh dk i}pk g?dk eohJ/. T[BQK B{z nkgDh p'bh, fJfsjk;,;fGnkuko ns/ ftok;s Bkb i'Vh oZyhJ/ sK jh ;kv/ d/F, ;wki ns/ e"wdh soZeh j't/rh. ;kB{z g{oB nk; j? fe f;ZX{ ;kfjp GftZy ftu th fJ;/soQK nkgDh ebw B{z jZe, ;Zu s/ fBnK dh ykso tosd/ ofjDr/ ns/jBQ/o/ s'A ukBD sZe dk ;\o ikoh oZyDr/.

f;ZX{ j'oK B/ ;ko/ w;fbnK tZb ;kvk fXnkB fyZfunk j?. fizBK fuo;kv/ e'b f;ZX{ ;kfjp tor/ ;{MtkB ftdtkB w"i{d jB, T[BK fuo jZe,;Zu s/ fBnK dh rZb j[zdh oj/rh. fJe fdB ;wK nkt/rk id'AedoK-ehwsK #s/ nXkfos ftt;Ek ekfJw j' ikt/rh. fJ; ;G bJh ;kB{z

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;zihdrh Bkb :sB eoB/ g?Dr/. gfjbK nkgD/-nkg dk ;[Xko eoBkgt/rk. ;wki bJh ;G s'A wkVk ;wK T[d'A j[zdk j?, id'A fJwkBdkoftnesh dh g[ZS gqshs Bk j't/. ;kB{z ;wki ftu uzr/ ezw eo ojhnKFy;hnsK dk wkD ;BwkB eoBk j't/rk, T[BQK d/ Bkb yVQBk gt/rk ns/wkV/ ezw eoB tkb/ b'eK B{z fBoT[sFkfjs eoBk gt/rk.

nkU ob-fwb e/ uzr/o/ ;wki dh f;oiDk bJh :sB eohJ/,B"itkBK B{z feos Bkb i'VhJ/. ;qH e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{ j'oK dh fJ; g[;sedh gqekFBk #s/ n;hA :{ogh gzikph ;ZE, tkb;b ns/ wzieh gzikph ;ZEGzrkbk tb'A w[pkoepkd fdzd/ jK. ;kB{z g{oB nk; j? fe f;ZX{ j'ohA GZftyftu th gzikph d/ ;Zu/-;[Zu/ ;g{s pD e/ gzikp d/ w;fbnK ;pzXh :'rdkBfdzd/ ofjDr/. fJ; g[;se B{z gzikp, gzikphns s/ gzikph ;ZE tb'A @ihnkfJnK B{z#.

gzikph ;ZE d/ nkg ih d/ Gok

Mota Singh Sarai e[bftzdo f;zx ;okJ/11 Queens Road wzieh gzikph ;ZE GzrkbkWALSALL, West Midlands f}bQk ibzXo, uVQdk gzikpWS5 3NF, UK [email protected] [email protected]:00447850750109 w'pkJhbL 98141-60642

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f]nkbK dk skDk-pkDkgzikp ed/ gzi dfonktK dh ioy/} Xosh dk BKn j[zdk ;h. p/Fe

efjD B{z sK n;hA nZi th fJ; B{z @gzi-nkp# jh efjzd/ jK, go d/F dhnDj'Dh tzv B/ gzikp B{z @YkJh nkp# jh pDk e/ oZy fdsk j?. uZb' fJ;B{z sK oZp dh j'Dh jh wzfBnk ik ;edk j?, ]?o! d[y sK T[d'A j[zdk j? feid'A gsk brdk j? fe ni'e/ ;fwnK ftu n;hA s/ ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{nKB/ nkgDh j'Dh Hy[d nkg jh xVh ;h, fi; ftu ]kwhnK d/ ekoD nZi;w[Zuk gzikp fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu fJ; dk ]fwnk}k G[rs fojk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu Bshi/ ti'A gzikp dh ftFkbsk s/ ftek; dh rZbn"Nb e/ n"MV okj g? rJh s/ Bt/A jh MrV/-Mw/fbnK B/ ;kB{z T[bMk fbnkj?. ;kB{z ;wkfie, nkofEe s/ yk; eoe/ okiBhfse u[D"shnK B/ fJ;edo nkD x/fonk j? fe n;hA b'eK dhnK w[ZYbhnK b'VK s/ w[FfebK tZbT[BK fXnkB BjhA d/ ;e/ fizBk fe ;kB{z d/Dk ukjhdk ;h. fJ; tk;s/ j[D;kv/ ;'jD/ gzikp ftu Go{D jZfsnk, n"os ;wki dh d[orsh, wK-p'bhgzikph dh p/edoh, p/fwnkoh ftfdne gqDkbh, o[VQ-g[VQ oj/ dfonkJhgkDh, feo;kDh dh d[odFk, fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh dk p'bpkbk j?.e[Zb fwbk e/ p/o[}rkoh s/ BfFnK-gZfsnK ftu y[o ojh itkBh fijhnKykBK popkd nbkwsK-w[bkwsK d/ YkJh BjhA, gzi BjhA, ;r'A g{o/ S/ rzXb/dfonk gzikp B{z o;ksb tZb fbik oj/ jB.

gzikp d/ nfij/ w[Zd/ s/ w;b/ w/oh fJ; g[;se @X[yd/ w;b/ s/ Gydkgzikp# dk nB[tkB pD/ jB. w?A nkgDhnK gfjbhnK g[;seK tKr jh fJ;g[;se d[nkok fJBQK M/V/-MKfMnK B{z nkgD/ gkme thoK s/ G?DK Bkb ;KM/eo fojk jK. fJ; gq;zr ftu w?A nkgD/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB, e"w d/ g[ofynK s/;kv/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dk iBw-iBwKsoK s'A foDh jK fe T[j w?B{z fJ; ihtBftu th nkgDh nwho ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko d/ ;o'ekoK Bkb;okp'o eo oj/ jB s/ w?B{z fJ; j[bk; dk nfj;k; jw/FK jh fojk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ id'A w?A ;oft; ftu ;h iK j[D ;/tk Btfos jK sK w/ohfBsk-gqsh dh nodk; ftu fJj jh GktBk s/ ekwBK j[zdh j? fe j/ ;Zu/gksFkj w/o/ #s/ ;[wZs s/ pb-p[ZXh dh pyfFF pDkJh oZy sK fe w?A nkgD/

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;'jD/ gzikp dh ;/tk ftu jkb/ th sB'A-wB'A T[XVdk ojK. fJ; s'A fJbktkw?B{z ;zsK-wjkswK s/ nkgD/ ykBdkB d/ tv/fonK dhnK n;h;K s/ FcesGoh :kd s'A jw/FK jh j[bkok fwbdk ofjzdk j? fi; eoe/ w/oh@ebw frVdh# ofjzdh j?.

pZ; fJ; soQK w/o/ wB ftu gzikp, gzikph s/ gzikphns d/ tk;s/;'jD/ nfj;k; otK-dtK ofjzd/ jB. fco ed/ uZb oj/ d"o/-d"oK d/w[ZfdnK s/ w;fbnK gqsh ed/ w/o/ f}jB ftu fJj f\eo-\ke/ th T[God/jB.fJ; f;bf;b/ ftu w?A ni'e/ ;w/A d/ wjkB Bktbeko ;qH i;tzs f;zxeztb, frnkB ghm n?tkovh gq'H r[ofdnkb f;zx i?s', gdwfFoh ;qH;odkok f;zx i"jb, ;fGnkuko d/ nbzpodko ;qH ird/t f;zx iZ;'tkb,eth ;[oihs gkso s/ nkgD/ ;/tkekb d/ jwo[spk tho izr pjkdor'fJb dk foDh jK fe fJj ;ko/ ;ZiD jw/FK jh w?B{z fJe ;fGnkukfoe;KM dk j[bkok-jb{Dk fijk fdzd/ oj/ jB.

fJ; uZb oj/ gq;zr ftu w?A ekch bzpk ;wK y[d nkg gqFk;B ftuofjD eoe/ nkgD/ nkg B{z nc;oFkjh d/ Bz[wkfJzd/ ti'A fJ; g[;se@X[yd/ w;b/-Gydk gzikp# d[nkok nkgD/-nkg B{z fBogZy B}o s'A d/yDdk T[gokbk ehsk j?. T[gozs ;oekoK s/ gqFk;B dk orVk yk oj/ ;wkid/ B[esk fBrkj s/ ;oekoK tb'A okwoki tor/ efbnkDekoh okiGkr dk;zebg ns/ gqFk;B tb'A tXhnk rtoB?A; d/D d/ nfjd-w[jkfdnK d/;Bw[Zy w?A ;kvh gqFk;fBe gqDkbh s/ ekor[}koh Bz{ x'fynk s/ yzrkfbnkj?. fJT[A w/oh iku/ fJj g[;se ;kvh ;w[Zuh ekoi gqDkbh dh ekor[}koht/yD dk ;pZp pDh j?.

nkgDh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek s/ n\;oFkjh pko/ w?A fJ; g[;seftu i' th fbfynk j?, T[; B{z pkjo p?m/ nb'ueK iK GkBhwkoK tKr{zBjhA fbfynk. ;r'A w?A jw/FK tKr{z gfjbK y[d nkgD/-nkg B{z nkgDhn\;o pokdoh ftu Fkwb oZfynk j? s/ fco T[; s'A pknd jh w?A;oekoK s/ nc;oFkjh d/ b?D/-d/D/ d/ G[rskB dk ;zskg G'r oj/;?AeV/-j}koK ;wkfie ihnK d/ B}ohJ/ s'A e[M fbfynk j?. fJ; fgS/w/ok wzst Bk sK nkgDh s/ Bk jh nkgD/ nc;o G?D-GoktK dh e'JhGzvh s/ Bk jh fe;/ ndko/ dh ekor[}koh ;pzXh Gzvh gquko eoBk j?.

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;r'A fJe w[Bkf;p fijh ;'u s/ f\eo nB[;ko fJ; dk T[d/F fJj j?fe fiE/ th ;wki iK ;oeko ftu e'Jh ]kwh j?, T[; B{z T[E/ E'VQkfijk T[ikro eoBk j? sK fe b'e ;/tk dh w"i{dk gqDkbh ftuE'VQk-pj[sk ;[Xko fbnKdk ik ;e/.

gzikp ftu b'e ;/tk nzro/}K d/ ;w/A s'A b? e/ jw/FK jh j[D sZe nkgD/;Nhb co/w Gkt c"bkdh YKu/ eoe/ wep{b ojh j?. fJ; gqFk;fBe ;/tkdhnK wfonkdk Gog{o nkgDhnK jh T[uhnK fgosK s/ gqzgoktK ojhnK jB.fJ; tk;s/ w?A ekfpb s/ tXhnk n\;oK B{z nkdo-wkD d/D s/ ;fseko:'r;EkB d/D d/ w[Zd/-wzst s'A ed/ th BjhA y[zfMnk. nyho fJe'-fJe rZb fJjj? fe w?A y[d n\;o j'D d/ Bks/ s/ fco T[; s'A th tZX d/F dk fJe Bkrfoej'D ti'A gfjbK nkgDh GZdoekoh s/ fco nkgDh n\;oFkjh pokdoh dhekor[}koh #s/ gzSh Mks gkT[D dh e'fFF ehsh j?.

pZ; @;" jZE oZ;k s/ f;o/ #s/ rzY# nB[;ko ;kvh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ekftu j[D r'b rzY g? rJh j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kvh fJe b'e p'bh @r'b rzYg? rJh fwZsok, fbnk e?Auh esohJ/HHHHHHHHH# w[skfpe w?A nkgDhnK fbysKd[nkok nkgDh n\;oFkjh B{z E'VQh fijh jZbkF/oh d/ e/ T[BQK B{z wkVk-w'Nkf;nk;h dpkn s'A poh eotkT[D s/ nkgDh nkswk dh ntk} ;[DB tk;s/gq/oDk wkso e[M efjD dk :sB ehsk j?. y?o! fJj th fejk ik ;edkj? fe w[Zy s"o #s/ w?A nkgDhnK jh ;oekoK s/ gqFk;B s'A szr nk u[e/nkgD/ ;wki B{z o\kJ/-jkis eoB-eotkT[D dk fJe fte'fbsok fijkgzrk fbnk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ gfjbK sK w?A T[od{ d/ FkfJo uKd ebth dh B;hjs Bz{s;bhw eodk j'fJnk ;bkj wkso nkgDh nc;oFkjh pokdoh Bz{ fJjefjD dh e'fFF eo fojk jK feL-

fdb'A ek \k;bk e[S ew eo', ][dk tkb'fBwk}/ f}zdrh, feodko e/ f;tk fenk j?

w?A foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd p/FZe eko-;oeko s'A d{o jK, go fco thfJzBh d/o gqFk;B ftu ofjD eoe/ fJe gk;/ w?A ;oeko dh so}-X[BB{z ikDdk jK s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;kvh ;oekoh ekor[}koh s'A gq/FkB iBsk dhjkb-gkfoQnk d/ nbkg B{z ;wMdk jK. w/oh fJ; ;zt/dBk d/ gqEkfJ T[od{

21

d/ FkfJo Fehb dk efjDk j? feL-

d{o j{z, b/feB psk ;esk j{z, T[Beh p}w w/Afenk j{nk, fenk j' ojk j?, n"o fenk j'B/ e' j?

fJ; tk;s/ j[D id'A fe w?A nkg y[d nkgD/ ;wki ftu fJe nkwBkrfoe ti'A ftuo fojk jK sK w?A b'eK dhnK w[FfebK B{z n\;oh d/;w/A Bkb'A fes/ tZX B/V/ s'A t/y fojk jK. p/FZe ed/-ed/ fJj ftr[uk fijkth brdk j? fe nKy/ EhA s' B}kok Bk Ek, B}kok j{nk s' nKy/ BkojhA. fJ; tk;s/ w?A ne;o ;'udk jK fe ekF! w?B{z b'eK d/ nD;[bM/w;fbnK s/ ;oeko s/ gqFk;B #s/ T[BQK dhnK bZrhnK T[whdK d/ ;Bw[Zy;kv/ ;wki dh Bp} d/yD-goyD dh fes/ T[d'A j'o th f}nkdk w[jkosj' iKdh. go fco th nekb g[oy dh feogk ojh j? s/fBo;zd/j w/oh Xosh s/ w/o/ b'e fJ; rZb d/ ikwB jB fe w?A g{oBsBd/jh s/ brB Bkb b'e ;/tk dk fJybkeh co} fBGkfJnk j?.

p/FZe w/oh b'e ;/tk dh fJe' X[B d/ ekoB w/o/ pj[s/ eowukoh thow/o/ s'A szr oj/ jB feT[Afe T[BQK dh B}o ftu w?A pVk p/wsbp s/ tkX{fijk b'e ;/tk s/ ;wki efbnkD dk m/ek b? oZfynk ;h. ][dk rtkj j?fe w?A jw/FK s'A jh ;wMdk fojk jK fe oZp tb'A uzr/ ;z;ekoK eoe/ eowKtkfbnK B{z jh b'e ;/tk d/ T[Zu/ nj[d/ fwbd/ jB. fco go;[nkoE ;/tkdh w'jbs s/ ;woEk j'o th xZN b'eK B{z fwbdh j? s/ fJ; fJbkjhpyfFF dh ;'Mh sK fe;/-fe;/ B{z jh fwbdh j?.

y?o! j[D id'A w?A fgSKj B{z Mksh wkodk jK sK ;kvh ;oekoh gqDkbh dkfJe e'jM d/ydk jK fe gfjbK sK spkdb/ t/b/ jh fe;/ n\;o dh fe;/ftF/F ;EkB #s/ ehsh-eZsoh #s/ gkDh fco iKdk j?. foNkfJow?AN s'A pkndsK T[; d/ ehs/ ezwK B{z fJT[A ikD-p[M e/ nDr"fbnk ehsk iKdk j? fe fit/A T[; d/ T[ZsoknfXekoh T[; B{z efj oj/ j'D fe b? j[D dZ;l s{z ;kvk ehftrkV ;edk j?A. pfjojkb! fco ;/tk-Bftos nfXekohnK gqsh ;kvhnK;oekoK dk th B}ohnk e[ZM fJj' fijk j[zdk j? fe B"eoFkjh dk eh j? fJjsK fJe MkV g[fNnk s/ ;" B"eo eZfYnk nB[;ko uZbdh jh ofjzdh j?. fJ;dk Gkt fJj j? fe fJe B"eo ;/tkw[es j'fJnk s/ 10 B"eo j'ofsnko-po-fsnko yVQ/ jB. fJ; bJh foNkfJo j'J/ nc;oK dh ekpbhns

22

s/ siop/ s'A e'Jh th ;bkj-wFto/ wkso th bkjk BjhA fbnk iKdk.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w?A nkgD/ rbh-w[jZb/ ftu id'A p[MhnK bkJhNK s/N[ZNhnK ;VeK gqsh gqFk;B dh fes/ T[dk;hBsk d/ydk jK sK ed/-edkJhAw"e/ d/ n\;oK dk fXnkB fJ; gk;/ fdtkT[Adk jK. w?B{z T[d'A ;wM nkT[Adhj? fe e[M e[ oZp d/ pyF/ pzfdnK B{z SZv e/ pkeh nfXekoh s/ eowukohnZi-eZb f;o\ T[BQK soihjh y/soK tZb jh fXnkB fdzd/ jB fe fiE/T[BQK #s/ f;nk;h dpkn dk N/N{nk eZf;nk iKdk j?.

y?o! uZb' fJj sK b'eb gZXo dh rZb ojh, go id'A fJ; s'A tZv/y/soh gZXo-g?wkfBnK s/ e"wh w[Zd/ w;fbnK dh th rZb j[zdh j? sK th;/tkw[es ekfpb s/ siop/eko nc;oK dh e'Jh ;bkj g[ZSD dh }fjwsjh BjhA ehsh iKdh. ;r'A fJ; d/ T[bN g[Zr u[e/ nc;oK d/ ed/ i{Bhnoofj u[e/ nfXekoh g[okD/ ;hBhno nfXekohnK B{z ;Gk ftu p[bkT[D ftunkgDh j/mh wfj;{; eod/ jB. T[j feT[Afe fJj ;wMd/ jB fe fJ;Bkb rbs gqGkt iKdk j? fe w"i{dk nc;o fe;/ w;b/ B{z y[d nkgBfiZmD d/ ekpb BjhA jB. fco fJ; soQK jh fJj Gkt/A gzikp d/ y[o oj/fto;/ s/ ;fGnkuko dhnK r[nku ojhnK B?fse-edoK ehwsK dh nfjwrZb jh feT[A Bk j't/l ;wki d/ ;hBhno f;Nh}B} s/ gqFk;B d/ g[okD/nc;oK s'A e'Jh ;bkj-wFtok b?D dk sodZd-seZb\ jh BjhA ehsk iKdks/ Bk jh fJ; dh e'Jh }o{os ;wMh iKdh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvhnK ;oekoK ftu ;/tk w[es ;hBhno nfXekohnKdh g[ZS-gqshs eoB s/ T[BQK d/ bzw/ siop/ d/ nXko #s/ T[BQK BkbokfJ-wFtok eoB dh fJE/ e'Jh fgos jh BjhA j?. p/FZe e[ZM e[B}o/-wB}{o uj/s/ nfXekohnK B{z e'Jh o[spk-w[okspk d/ e/ w[V s'A i{bQkgk fdZsk iKdk j?. go nfijh ekotkJh ftu ne;o jh ;oeko s/gqFk;B eJh pj[s jh tXhnk nc;oK d/ b'VhAd/ :'rdkB s'A ftot/ ofjiKd/ jB feT[Afe fdnkBsdko nc;o y[Fkwdh y[FBhdh jkf;b BjhA eo;ed/. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe gzikp B{z dog/F ;zihdk s/ rzGho w;fbnK#s / ;hBhno f;Nh}B} s/ ; /tk Bftos e [Fb gqFk;eK B { z@fEze N?Ae# Gkt ;wki d/ ;{MtkB GzvkoB ;wMd/ j'J/ tkjo ti'A ;ZdwkoB dh b'V j?.

23

go fJE/ w?A ubd/-ubd/ fJj th efjDk ukjKrk fe ;wki ftu i/ekfpb nc;oK dh ps"o ;hBhno f;Nh}B b'VhAdh edo BjhA j' ojh sK T[BQKbJh fJe bkj/tzd ;bkj j? fe i/ s[;hA n;{bgq;sh fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/, nkgDhnKFosK #s/ y[ddkoh Bkb b'e ;/tk ehsh j? sK s[jkB{z j[D th ;[oihs gksod/ eEB s'A s;Zbh s/ ;e{B b?D dh b'V j?. T[j efjzdk j? feL-

fJzBK jh pj[s j? w/o/ y{B B/ o[Zy f;zfinkeh j'fJnk i/ gZfsnK #s/ w/ok Bkw BjhA j?

w?A b'e ;/tk d/ y/so ftu ;oekoK tZb'A ;[Xko fbnkT[D d/ w;b/ B{ziVQ s'A f;yo sZe d/fynk-gkfynk j?. fJ; tk;s/ w?A fJ; Bshi/ #s/gj[zfunk jK fe ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ ;wki ;[Xko iK fe;/ d{i/ B{z ;[XkoB dh rZbeoB s'A gfjbK f;oc s/ f;oc nkgD/ nkg B{z ;zGkbD s/ ;[XkoB dhnfjw b'V j?.p/FZe fJ; ;kXBk dk o;sk fJzBK n;kB BjhA, go w?A;wMdk jK fe fco th pkpk \ohd tor/ wjKg[oyK dh @r[Bjh Gfonk w?fcok b'e ej? dot/;[# ns/ pkpk BkBe fij/ oZp d/ pzfdnK dh @wfB ihs?ifr ihs# fijh ;zEk dk f;woB-;woD eoB Bkb nkdwh ftu fJetZvk B?fse, ;dkukoe s/ fJybkeh \oe nk ;edk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj th ;wMD ftukoB dh rZb j? fe n;hAXB-d"bs s/ wkD-w[oksp/ gqkgs eoe/ G"fse s"o #s/ nk;/-gk;/ s/ T[sKjtZb B{z tXd/ jK, go fJ; Bkb ;kvk Fy;hnsh tXkok BjhA j[zdk. fco ;kvhnkswk dk efbnkD Bk sK gdkoEtkdh gqkgshnK ftu j? s/ Bk jh nkgD/jT[w? B{z gZm/ gkT[D Bkb j[zdk j?. ;r'A ;kvh o{j dh y[oke sK pkpk BkBe d/;pe @fwms[ Bhth BkBek r[D uzfrnkJhnk ss[# d/ sZs;ko ftu j?.

wjkswk p[ZX tor/ ikfrqs g[oyK B/ fJ; f}zdrh B{z @G[rskB# fejkj?. p[ZX nB[;ko fJ; Xosh #s/ wB[Zyh ikw/ ftu o{j f;oc nkgD/ g[okD/iBw-iBwKsoK dk G[rskB jh eoB nkT[Adh j?. fes/ wK-fgU pD e/pZfunK o{gh o{jK Bkb nkg;h b?D-d/D j[zdk j?. ed/ fJ; d/ T[bN fes/e'Jh g[Zs nkgD/ jh iBw dksk wK-fgU B{z ;sk-sgk e/ nkgDk eo}t;{bdk j?. fJE'A sZe fe n"bkd ;otD g[Zso pDB dh EK #s/ wkfgnK dhjh eksb pD iKdh j?, fco G?D-GoktK iK j'o foFfsnK dhn"eks-fp;ks sK eh j?. e[b fwbk e/ fJ; soQK d/ d[fBnkth

24

uZbD-gfoubD ftu ;z;koh pzfdnK ftu jT[w? gqXkB ofjzdh j?.

fJ; ftu th e'Jh FZe BjhA fe nfXnksw w[skfpe nfij/ wkV/eowK eoe/ nzso jT[w? dk ezvk jw/Fk jh nkswk Bz{ p/u?B eodk ofjzdkj?. fJ; gqEkfJ r[opkDh dk c[owkB j?L-@@;kes jfo o; ;kd[ B ikfDnkfsB nzsfo jT[w? ezvk j/. fiT[ fiT[ ubfj u[G? d[y[ gktfj iwekb[;jfj f;fo vzvk j/..## fco fJ; gq;zr ftu r[opkDh jh ;kBz{ ;pe fdzdhj? fe p/FZe fJ; ;ohoe fgzv s'A b? e/ iB ;w{j d/ BroK sZe b'ekJhjT[w? s/ ekw-eo'X dh Goh fcodh j?, go fJ; dk fJbki th ;kXfposh, ;kX-;zrs s/ ;kXBk ftu j?. fJ; gqEkfJ @@ekfw eo'fX Bro[pj[ Gfonk. fwfb ;kX{ yzvb yzvk j/## fij/ r[opkDh d/ c[owkB nB[;ko;kvhnK nfijhnK ;kohnK gqftoshnK dk y[bk;k ns/ T[BQK dk jZb g{oBs"o #s/ o{gwkB j[zdk j?.

fJ; ftu th e'Jh FZe BjhA j? fe nfijhnK wkVhnK wB'fpqshnK d/Bkoeh eEkfBe s'A nkgDh pzd ybk;h eokT[D bJh wB[Zyh nkswk B{zsgh-fsnkrh GrtkB wjKtho, wjkswk pZ[X, Jh;k w;hj, j}os w[jzwds/ ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB fij/ bk;kBh wjKg[oyK B/ @o{jkBh fJBebkp# dkokj dZf;nk j?. ;z;ko Go d/ Xkofwe rqzEK B/ th wB[Zysk B{z wkBtsk d/okj #s/ s[oB dk T[gd/F-nkd/F fdZsk j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh jo/e Xow d/rqzEK s/ fJbkjh g[oyK B/ pzd/ B{z nkdwh s'A fJB;kB pDB s/ nZr/fJB;kBhns dh vro #s/ uZbD bJh gq/fonk j?. ;kv/ g[ofynK s/ tv/fonK B/ fJ; soQK d/ ;dkukoe s/ nksfwe pdbkn d/ @o{jkBh fJBebkp#B{z jh w[esh-wkor dk Bkw fdZsk j? ns/ d[BhnK Go dh b'ekJh B/ fJ;B{z ;fs eoe/ ikfDnk s/ wzfBnk j?. ;kv/ wjKg[oyK dh fJ; B/e B;hjsdh fJzB-fpzB gq'VQsk eodk j'fJnk w[jzwd fJepkb efjzdk j?L-

][dh e' eo p[bzd fJsBk fe jo sedho ;/ gfjb/][dk pzd/ ;/ y[d g{S/ psk s/oh o}k e:k j?

fBo;zd/j nfij/ ikfrqs s/ ikro{e ;wkfie ihnK #s/ nXkfos;wki dh nfijh f;oiDk wB[Zysk tk;s/ fJ; Xosh d/ okwoki s'A th goQ/;Zuyzv d/ ;torh ;z;ko d/ ;kv/ ;dhth ;[gB/ dk ;ekoksfwe o{g Xko;edh j?. p/FZe d[BhnK d/ dkfBFwzd fJ; soQK d/ ;z;ko B{z :{N'ghnk Gkt

25

;[gfBnK dk Bro efjzd/ nkJ/ jB, go nkdoF ;z;ko dk gqshe :{N'ghnk;d'A jh wkBtsk d/ ;[gfBnK dk ;z;ko jh ;dkT[Adk-;dhAdk fojk j?.

w/oh fBZih wkBsk j? fe wB[Zysk d/ B/e ;[gfBnK B/ jh wB[Zyh ftek;dh tZvh skpho s/ skwho ehsh j?. fco ;[gB;k}h dh d[BhnK dk@:{N'ghnk# sK ;kv/ fNzpe-N{ Ffjo s'A fes/ ;'jDk s/ tZvk j? feT[Afe d{ohs/ d[orwsk d/ fbjk} Bkb fNzpe-N{ dh nihp'-rohp j'Ad s/ j;shjw/FK jh d[BhnK bJh d[obG ojh j?. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fev"B-feT[r}"N d/ feT[r}"fNe fynkbK dh T[vkoh Gkt ebgBkFhb ;'uth d[BhnK dhnK wfjb-wkVhnK T[;koB ftu pj[s ;jkJh j'Jh j?.

w/ok fJj fBZih nehdk j? fe ;kv/ ;fGnkuko B{z i/ GktBksfwe s"o #s/fpnkB eoBk j't/ sK fJj @tZfvnK dk ;fseko, jwT[wo ghVQh Bkbfgnko-fbjk} dh ;KM s/ pZfunK Bkb fgnko# fizBK e[ jh n\;kBk j?. ;kvhihtB-F?bh s/ ;fGnkuko w[Zy s"o #s/ tgkoh s/ fsikosh n;o sfjs nkgD/g[ofynK d/ f;Zdeh s/ ;po ;p{oh tkbhnK edoK-ehwsK dh X[oh s'A j[D fjZbu[Zek j?. fJ; tk;s/ gzikph ihtB-F?bh s/ nkgD/ ;fGnkuko d/ fJ; e/Adofpzd{ B{z jh nkgDh irQk #s/ ;kt/A-Ekt/A eoB dh b'V j?.

pfjojkb! fJ; g[;se B{z gqtkB ukVQB bJh w?B{z w/o/ j[D sZe d/wkor doFe ;qH wB'jo f;zx uKdbk nkJhH J/H n?Z; s'A b? e/ r[opkDh d/o;hJ/ r[of;Zy gZsoeko ;qH r[ogqhs f;zx fBnkwhnK s/ T[od{ }[pkB d/wkfjo frnksk NhH n?ZBH ok} s/ GrtkB f;zx ekdhnK sZe j'o pj[s ;ko/;kfjsekoK s/ ;fGnkuko d/ nbzpodkoK s'A frnkB Gog{o ikDekohfwbdh ojh j?.

w?A gzikph ;ZE tkb/ ;qH w'sk f;zx ;okJ/ pofwzxw tk;h s/ T[BQK d/;fj:'rhnK dk th sfj fdb s'A F[eor[}ko jK fe T[BQK B/ w?B{z ;fGnkukod/ gZy'A nkgDk tZvk tho jh BjhA wzfBnk, ;r'A w/oh gzikp, gzikph s/gzikphns dh ;Zd B{z th g{oB j[zrkok fdZsk j?. r"osbp j? fe fJBQK thoKB/ w/o/ wkV/ w'N/ ;fGnkukfoe :'rdkB tk;s/ w?B{z tX uVQ e/ uVQdh ebkd/ j[bko/ fdZs/ jB s/ wkfJe j[zrkfonK Bkb fFzrkfonk j?. fJj' fij/ jhwNe-j[bkfonK Bkb w?B{z S'N/ tho pbeko f;zx pokV, :kdftzdok f;zxp?A; s/ ;[fozdo f;zx frZb nwohek B/ ;okp'o ehsk j?.

26

fJ; gq;zr ftu w?A nkgD/ ;oft; ;w/A d/ jwoekp ;kEh frnkBhr[opuB f;zx puB ghHn?ZuHvhH, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx u/no pzpJh :{Bhtof;Nh,gq'H r[ouoB f;zx ShBk, \ohde'NhJ/ fwZso efwzdo f;zx e'N;[yhnk,n?Z;HghH s/fizdo f;zx w"V, n?ZwHn?ZbH Fowk s/ j'o ;ko/ gkmeK, o/vhU d/;o'fsnK s/ N?bhth}B d/ doFeK dk XzBtkdh jK i' fe ;kv/ nkgD/ g[ofynKs/ tv/fonK dh rZb rkEk eoB ftu w?B{z w/o/ @tB w?B tB fwFB# B{z fBozsonZr/ ubkJh oZyD dh jZbkF/oh fdzd/ ofjzd/ jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu yk; eoe/ i;fN; fJepkb f;zx dk BKnf}eo:'r j? fijV/ fe ;tH vkH nksw jwokjh s/ gq'H wfjzdo f;zx uhwkd'BK tb'A w?B{z T[BQK d/ ihtB ekb ftu fwbdh ojh j";bk n\ikJh dh ewhwfj;{; BjhA j'D fdzd/. fJ; gqEkfJ iZi ;kfjp dh N[zDekoBh tzrko w?B{zgzikph ;fGnkuko dh ;/tk fBGkT[D tk;s/ e[ZM Bk e[ZM j'o eoB bJhgZpK Gko eoh oZydh j?. w?A fJBQK ;G thoK dk nfj;kBwzd jK fe T[jw/oh edw-edw #s/ ofjB[wkJh eod/ ofjzd/ jB. w?A gqf;ZX ebk gq/wh S'N/thoK s/i gqskg ;zX{, iBw/ik f;zx i"jb, oDi'X f;zx b[fXnkDk, joe/F f;zx efjb, eowihs f;zx n"ibk, oftzdo GZmb, vkH ;o{g f;zxnbZr s/ r[odk;g[o f}b/ d/ fgzv s[rbtkbk d/ ftbZyD ftfdnk wzdo d/fgqz;hgb ;toB f;zx ftoe dk th XzBtkdh jK fijV/ fe w?B{z tZv/ GoktKtkbk wkD d/ e/ gzikp d/ ;fGnkuko dh rZb-eZE eoB bJh T[sFkfjseoh oZyd/ jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ;fseko ;fjs fJj f}eo eoBk pDdk j? fe ;zB1999 ftu ykb;k f;oiDk dh shih Fskpdh wBkT[D T[gozs w/o/;fseko:'r ;hBhno ;qH wB'jo f;zx uKdbk B/ ;G s'A gfjbK w?B{z nkgD/nB[Gt feskp d/ o{g ftu fbyD dh gq/oDk fdZsh ;h. T[BQK dhj";bk-nc}kJh j[D th wstkso tZvhnK ;wkfie s/ ;kfjse u[D"shnK B{zjZE gkT[D dh gq/oDkdkfJe jZbkF/oh pDh j'Jh j?. fco fJe v{zx/ fgnkos/ ;B/j ;fjs fJj wzBDk pDdk j? fe T[; ;kb jh w"i{dk gzikph ;kfjsne?vwh d/ gqXkB w/o/ S'N/ tho r[oGiB f;zx frZb s'A w?B{z ;kfjse ;codh u/Ne bZrh. T[BQK dk fJ; gqEkfJ i' T[sFkj Gog{o jz[rkok s/ wFtokj[D sZe fwfbnk j?, T[j ghAx d/ j[bko/ s/ iZN d/ bbeko/ tKr{z w?B{z tZyok

27

jh j[bkok-j[bk; d/Jh oZydk j?.

w?A nzsookFNoh gZXo d/ gqf;ZX fuZsoeko ;qH ioB?b f;zx dk thsfj fdb s'A F[eor[}ko jK fe T[j e?B/vk ftu p?m/ j'J/ th w/ohnK fdbhGktBktK dh edo eod/ jB s/ w/ohnK g[;seK B{z ;fGnkukfoe G/AN ti'Apj[s jh Y[Zet/A NkJhNb d/ e/ fBtkid/ ofjzd/ jB. fJE/ w?A fJe fBZxhfdbh GktBk Bkb B"itkB oDpho f;zx, i;ftzdo f;zx, pbihs f;zxn"by s/ irsko f;zx fdUb d/ ;fj:'r dk th f}eo eoBk ukjKrk fefiBQK B/ fJ; g[;se B{z NkJhg eoB s/ B/go/ ukVQB bJh nkgDhnK;wkfie n"eVK-w[FfebK d/ pkti{d th w?B{z ;fj:'r fdZsk j?. fJ; tk;s/fJe tko c/o w?A fJBQK ;ko/ ;ZiDK-;B/jhnK dk sfj fdb'A XzBtkdh jK.

fco w?A nkgD/ co} ntZb wkso nkgD/ e"wh g[ofynK s/ gfotkfoetv/fonK tk;s/ feqsrsk dk fJ}jko eoB fjZs nkgD/ fJ; fwFB d/fdb'A-wB'A ;woEe nkgD/ fgnko/ gfotko d/ ihnK, XhnK-g[ZsK d/;fj:'r B{z fgnko ;fjs ep{b eodk jK fe T[BQK B/ ihtB dhnK sZsK-mzvK dhnK rowhnK-BowhnK d/ pkti{d th w?B{z fpBK fe;/ Fos jw/FK;woEB d/Jh oZfynk j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu gfjbK B{zj okDh wfBzdo e"os/ j[D ;kvh ;[ZyKbZXh fgnkoh g'soh r[Dsk; B/ fpB p'fbnK fJzBhnKw[;eokjNK s/ y[FhnK fpy/ohnK jB fe fJjh nodk; j? fe uFw/ pdd{oGkt p[ohnK B}oK s'A oZp pukJh oZy/ s/ ;ko/ gfotko dh szdo[;sh,;po-;p{oh s/ ukn-y[FhnK pDhnK ofjD. fJ; gq;zr ftu w?A nkgD/pZfunK tor/ ;/tkdko okw gq;kd g'v/b s/ godhg y[Bkb dh nDEZe s/nDfyZM tes-p/tes ;/tk bJh th XzBtkdh jK.

p/FZe w/oh fJe j'o fte'fbsoh fijh GktBk Gkt/A fe;/ B{znihp'-rohp jh feT[A Bk bZr/, go w?A nkgD/ xo d/ ihn jh pD u[e/ ;kv/tckdko gkbs{ e{eo @;[bskB# d/ fpB-p'b/ fgnko dk th ekfJb jK, i'fe f}nkdk ;wK w/o/ e'b p?mk w?B{z fBjkodk ofjzdk j?. T[; p/}[pkB d/wB dhnK sK oZp jh ikD/, go w?B{z fJT[A brdk j? fe ;kv/ gfotko gqshtckdkoh ti'A T[j ;kvh ;G dh okyh eoB s'A fJbktk fit/A w?B{z T[j nkgD/fdbh ;fj:'r dk e'Jh fgnkok fijk nfj;k; eotk fojk j?. ;' @fpBKM'bh d/ \eho# fgnko/ ;[bskB s/ok F[eohnk s/ s?B{z oZp dhnK ;Zs/ ]?oK.

28

Hy?o! w/oh fJ; g[;se @X[yd/ w;b/-Gydk gzikp# ftu nkJ/ w/o/fJj f\eo s/ f}eo p/;e jkb dh xVh sK @d{o p?m/ ;ZiDK, w?A nkg/j[zrkok Go fbnk s?B{z tki wko e/# tKr fJZe so\k o;w/A-t\k jh jB.fBo;zd/j w?A g[o-T[whd th jK fe ;kvh ghVQh s/ yk; eoe/ B"itkBghVQhnK w/oh ;zt/dBK s/ nkgD/ Bkb jh oukJ/ w/o/ ;ztkdK B{z ikDB s/;wMD dh e'fFF eoBr/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kvh ;G dh ;KMh fJybkeh s/ e"whp/jsoh bJh w/o/ fJ; jzGb/ Bz{ i/ ;wki d/ u/sBFhb pzd/ iK fuzse e'Jhj[zrkok d/ ;eD sK fJj T[BQK dh F\es s/ fwjopkBh jh j't/rh. fBo;zd/j, w?A nkgD/ fJ; T[gokb/ ftu ofj rJhnK T{DskDhnK bJh th nkg ;Gd/ ;[MktK dk sbprko ojKrk.

jk}ok-j}{o oZp rtkj j? fe w?A nkgD/ ;G d/ ;KM/ nkbhFkB;fGnkuko s/ nwhosohB fto;/-ftok;s gqsh nkgDhnK wB'-GktBktKs/ fdbh tbtfbnK Bkb w[jzwd fJepkb tor/ ftdtkB fuzseK s'A gq/oDkb? e/ w?A jk}o-Bk}o nkg ;G B{z fBwosk ;fjs ;wofgs jK.

wkBk fe s/oh dhd e/ ekfpb BjhA j{z w?As{ w/ok F"e d/y w/ok fJzs}ko d/y

29

1

feS[ ;[Dhn? feS[ ejhn?gzikp B{z dog/F X[yd/ w;b/ ;[bxd/-;[bxd/ Gy e/ GKpV fij/ pD u[e/

jB s/ fJBQK dk ;/e j[D ;w[Zu/ gzikph ;wki Bz{ sgk-ygk fojk j?. fJj sKj[D nzfBQnK-p'fbnK Bz{ th fd;dk-;[Ddk j? fe gzikp ub oj/d"o/-d"oK ftu ;w/A dh n"yh xkNh ftu'A bzx fojk j?. ;kvk ;wkfie, Xkofwes/ okiBhfse YKuk uowok fojk j?. nzBdksk ejkT[Ad/ ;kv/ gzikp dknoEukok fpwko fijk jh fd;dk j?. fFt e[wko pNkbth d/ FpdK ftugzikp dh ftt;Ek gqDkbh dh sFphj T[; d/ ;[yB @@w?A w;hjk d/fynkfpwko s/o/ Ffjo dk## Bkb fdZsh ik ;edh j?.

nZi ;kv/ ;wkfie, Xkofwe s/ okiBhfse ihtB ftu froktNnkT[D eoe/ ;kvhnK B?fse edoK-ehwsK ftu fBxko nkfJnk j?. p/FZefJj toskok d/F ftnkgh j? s/ ;z;ko gZXo #s/ th j?. go fit/A fenzro/}h dh fJe ejkts j? fe ewh} ;dk jh e'N Bkb'A ;oho d/ B/V/ j[zdhj?l T[; soQK jh id'A n;hA nkgDh iBw s/ eow G{wh nkgD/ gzikp dh rZbeod/ jK sK ;kB{z j'o d[BhnK d/ wkV/-uzr/ j'D Bkb e'Jh pj[sk ;o'ekoBjhA ofj iKdk s/ ;kB{z @nkgD/# dk jh f\eo g?AAdk j?. }kfjo j? fe fJ;;zdoG ftu gzikp dh w"i{dk stkohy B/ ;kvh ;fGnsk d/ ftjV/ ftu;/j dk sebk rZv e/ ;kv/ ;fGnkuko Bz{ vzfrnk j? s/ ;w[Zuh gzikphnsd/ fdb Bz{ fJe vkYh m/; bkJh j?.

fBo;zd/j, ;kv/ ;'jD/ gzikp Bz{ fe;/ dh B}o br rJh j? feT[AfefGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh, wfjzrkJh, v[Zpdh feo;kDh, wK p'bh gzikph dhd[odFk, d'Fg{oD ftfdne gqDkbh, BF/Vh itkBh, bkbut; dj/i, ny"shnDy tk;s/ ezfBnk Go{D jZfsnk s/ esb ns/ j'o ;wkfie s/ nkofEeF'FD fij/ ;okgK B/ gzikp Bz{ x/o fbnk j?. fco f;sw}ohch fJj j? fee"wh gZXo d/ fJj w;b/ fdB'A-fdB ;kv/ ;wkfie s/ nkofEe noEuko/Bz{ tbz{Xo oj/ jB. fJe gk;/ ;w[Zuk ;wki fJ; dktkBb dh rfo\s fturof;nk ik fojk j?. d{i/ gk;/ jkb dh xVh fJ; dk Bk sK e'Jh fJbkifd;dk j? s/ Bk jh fJBQK p[okJhnK dk e'Jh ukokro B}o nkT[Adk j?.

30

;kvh fJ; ;koh ;{os/jkb dh soiwkBh fwo}k nbh p/r fJFosh dk;[yB fJT[A eodk j? feL-

woh}-J/-fJFe go ofjws ][dk ehwo} pVsk frnk fiT{A-fiT{A dtk eh

fJ; ;{os ftu b'e ioio j'J/ fB}kw Bz{ eJh djkfenK s'A fJetZvk gbNk d/D dh b'V wfj;{; eo oj/ jB. uzrk sK fJj j? fe e'JhBthA s/ ;[uko{ ftt;Ek gqDkbh fJikd j' ikt//, BjhA sK xZN'-xZN w"i{dkgqpzXeh gqDkbh Bz{ g{oB s"o #s/ Utojkb eoB dh b'V j?. go e[Zbfwbke/ wzdo dh fe;/ w{osh dh gqkD gqfsZFmk eoB tKr{z oki gqpzX B{zpdbtK o{g d/ e/ BthA ;'u s/ BthA sfj}hp w[skfpe g[Bo ;EkgB eoBdh nfsnzs }o{os j?. fJ; tk;s/ b'eK Bz{ th pVh tZvh nk; T[whd j?fe j[D fes/ sK oZp pj[V/rk.

go fJ; d/ Bkb jh ikro{e s/ ;{MtkB b'eK dk ydFk th poeokoj? fe f;nk;s d/ @ekb/ fJbw# nZr/ fes/ jw/FK tKr b'eK dk j'w-:Zrfes/ Gzr jh Bk j' ikt/. fJ; tk;s/ T[j wfj;{; eod/ jB fe j[D w"i{dkd"o d/ ftrV u[e/ jkbksK ftu fe;/ fBjebze wjKg[oy d/ nkT[D dh b'Vj?, i' fe y[d nkgD/ fe;/ eow:'rh g[Zso B{z gzikp dh rZdh #s/ nk;hBeo/. fJ; ;zdoG ftu fe;/ FkfJo B/ fbfynk j? feL-

y{ph-J/-i"jo ;/ jh jo uh} gksh j? fJwfs:k}bkb Gh gZEo jh j? b/feB tj gZEo n"o j?

fJ; ftu e'Jh ;zd/j BjhA fe }wkB/;k}h tk;s/ pdbhnK j'JhnKgq;fEshnK d/ nB[e{b ;kBz{ th pdbDk g?Dk j?. go i' nfjw rZb j?, T[jfJj j? fe ;kB{z jo jkbks s/ jo jkb ftu nkgDhnK B?fseedoK-ehwsK B{z ekfJw-dkfJw oZyD dh b'V j?. ;kv/ ;wkfie gZXo #s/fvZrd/ ik oj/ nkuoD-nkuko B{z w[V s'A e"wh gZXo #s/ ;ZukJh s/ ;dkukodk m[zwDk d/D dh }o{os j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z nkgD/ g[ofynK d/ nkdoFihtBK s'A f;Zfynk b? e/ nkgD/ nkuoD s/ eko-ftjko d/ okj/-ok;s ftu;[Xko eoBk gt/rk.

fJ; tk;s/ ;kBz{ Fy;hnsh s/ fJybkeh s"o #s/ nkgD/ nzdo d/Fgq/w, nB[Fk;B s/ fBo;[nkoE ;wki ;/tk fij/ e"wh ;zebgK Bz{

31

g[Bo ;[oihs eoB dh b'V j?. fJzBk jh BjhA, ;r'A ;kB{z e"whns Bz{dog/F ;wZf;nktK d/ fybkc fdqVsk Bkb yVQ/ j'D ns/ e"wh GktBktK dhpekfJwh eoB bJh g{oB s"o #s/ ;BdpZX s/ uke'-u"pzd j'D dhnfjwhns Bz{ ;wMDk gt/rk.

j[D ;koh gzikphns ;w[Zu/ gzikp s/ ;wki ftu b'VhAd/ ;[XkoK bJhfFt e[wko pNkbth d/ FpdK Bz{ jwokj eoe/ g[eko ojh j? fe@;[fDUA t/ ebwK tkfbU, ;[fDUA t/ nebK tkfbU, ;[fDUA t/j[BoK tkfbU, ;fwnK dh E'jo ghVQ e/, d[ZXK dk SZNk wkfoU#. pfjojkb! gzikp Bz{ dog/F w;b/ s/ yk; eoe/ gzikph ;{pk pDB s'Apknd g?dk j'J/ Mw/b/ fit/A fe uzvhrVQ B{z okiXkBh pDkT[D, gzikph p'bd/fJbkfenK dh ndbk-pdbh s/ gkDhnK dh tzv j[D tZv/ g[nkV/ pDe/ fiT[Ad/ fsT[A jh yVQ/ fdykJh d/ oj/ jB. fJ; soQK jh GkFkJh o/VQfenK d/r[zMbdko ;tkb jkb/ th jb BjhA j'J/. ;r'A fJBQK ftu j'o th pj[s ;ko/;wkfie s/ nkofEe tkn-to'fbnK dk fezBk jh j'o eZy-ekDob-fwb frnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJj X[yd/ w;b/ wstkso ;[br oj/ jBns/ ;wZ[uk gzikp GZm pD e/ Gy-sg fojk j?.

nkw ntkw fJ; dktkBbh tosko/ d/ ;/e dk ;zskg G'r fojk j?l go;kv/ f;nk;sdkB fJBQK w;fbnK B{z u[ZbQ/-u[oK pDke/ nkgDhnK w[\kdhr[ZbhnK okVQ oj/ jB. ;kv/ w"ekgq;s jZ\/-nkr{ fJBQK w[ZfdnK B{z wxdk oZye/ ;w/A-;w/A jZE ;/ed/ ofjzd/ jB s/ oki;Zsk dk fBZx wkDd/ jB. j[Dd[tZb/-stZb/ jh d'tK-fszBK ;{fpnK ftu iBsk B/ th seohpB-seohpBuzr/-wkV/ jkb ftu ofjDk f;Zy fbnk j?. go fco f;Zsw dh rZb fJjj? fe id'A nfij/ Gyd/ w;fbnK ftu j[D fes/ mzv-mzv'ok j[zdk j? s/ b'eKftu nkg;h sDkn xN e/ ;dGktBk pDB bZrdh j? sK ;kv/ nkek-nkr{fco nwbhnK tKr{ c{eK wko e/ p[Mdh nZr B{z wxk fdzd/ jB. yk; eoe/fJb?eFBK ;w/A fJBQK w;fbnK dhnK p[MhnK uzfrnkVhnK B{z f;nk;hgZfynK dh MZb tZidh j? feT[Afe f;nk;sh b'e pbdh #s/ s/b gkT[DtorhnK e'MhnK joesK s'A th pk} BjhA nkT[Ad/.

pZ; fJ; soQK @fuVhnK dh w"s d/ rtkoK dk jk;k# dh g[okDh ejktsj[D ;Zu'-;Zu fdqFNwkB j' ojh j?. ;kvh fJe j'o b'e f;nkDg j? fe

32

@f;nkD/ dk fejk s/ n"b/ dk ykXk# pknd ftu jh ;wM nkT[Adk j?.}kfjo j? fe f;nkDh ;bkj s/ n"b/ d/ r[Dekoh j'D dk gsk e[ZM d/opknd jh brdk j?. ;'! j[D gzikph ;{p/ d/ pDB-pDkT[D ;pzXh uzr/-wkV/sZEK dh b'eK B{z d/o pknd ;wM nk ojh j? fe @gzikph ;{pk# b?D-d/DtkfbnK Bkb'A T[j b'e fezB/ f;nkD/ s/ e"w d/ fjs?Fh ;B, fijV/ fe@ftFkb gzikp# d/ ;zebg dk ;[gBk fustd/ ;B.

y?o! j[D @nkg/ ckEVhJ/ s?B{z e"D S[vkt/# tkb/ tosko/ dk w";w pfDnkj'fJnk j?. go j'o th f\eo tkbh rZb fJj pDh j'Jh j? fe fiBQK B/ fJjg[ZmhnK y/vK y/vhnKl T[BQK d/ sK FkfJd nZi tko/-fBnko/ j' rJ/ j'D, goiBsk nkgD/ nkr{nK dhnK e"wh rbshnK dk jw/FK tKr{z G[rskB eo ojh j?.p/FZe ;kv/ fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ ftu jkb/ th @d/o nkJ/ do[;s nkJ/# nB[;koe'Jh B/e ekor[}koh th ed/-edkJhA B}o nkT[Adh j?, go e[Zb fwbk e/ fejkik ;edk j? fe n;hA Bo'J/ s/ fBZro ;wki s/ e"wh ;t?wkD dh T[;koh d/ gZy'Ani/ th ;'Mh d/ xo BjhA nkJ/. fJ; ekoB jh ;r'A ed/-ed/ jfonkD/,oki;EkB s/ bfjzd/ gzikp sZe d/ ;kv/ r[nKYh Fohe sK @who# d/ FpdK ftu;kB{z fJj th wfjDk wko fdzd/ jB feL-

fJpsdkfJ fJFe j? o'sk j? e:knkr/-nkr/ d/yhJ/ j'sk j? e:k

fBo;zd/j ;wki T[;koh d/ fJ; gq;zr ftu gzikp d/ fgSb/ gzi e[djkfenK ftu gzikph ;{p/ dh wzr s'A b? e/ fJ; dh gqkgsh ns/ T[; T[gozsseohpB 1970 s'A pknd f;nk;s ftu pVh tZvh spdhbh s/ fBxkonkfJnk j?. fco j[D sK @skJ/ dh Xh uZbh sK w?A feT[A ojK #eZbh# d/ nykDnB[;ko n;hA ;ko/ jh Xoksb s'A o;ksb tb dk okj cVh fcod/ jK. pZ;fJZe d{i/ s'A e[ZM e[ e;o Gkt E'Vh fijh ch;dh d/ nkg'-ftub/ coe Bkbf;nk;h gkoNhnK s/ ;oekoK B/ go;[nkoE s/ b'e efbnkD B{z fgSKj XZe e/fBZih ;[nkoE d/ nkgD/ jh wfjb T[;ko/ jB. fJBQK gkoNhnK dhnK ;oekoKdh @T[so ekN' w/oh tkoh# dh ny"s nB[;ko tko'-tkoh gzi ;kb tk;s/ nkg'-nkgD/ okiGkr dh o"b fijh bZrh ofjzdh j?.

p/FZe fJj f;nk;h b'e gzikp d/ ;otgZyh ftek; dk dw God/ oj/

33

jB, go gzikp dk Bkbk-goDkbk N[ZfNnk jh fojk j?. j[D id'A gkDh f;o'Abzx frnk j? s/ gzikp s/ gzikphns eo}kJh s/ v'p{ j' u[eh j? sK ;kB{zpkpk rkfbp d/ eEB dh ;ZukJh j[D wkVh-w'Nh ;wM nkT[D bZrh j? feL-

eo} eh ghs/ E/ w:, b/feB ;wMs/ E/ fe jKozr bkJ/rh jwkoh \kek w;sh J/e fdB

uZb' j[D fJj sK brdk j? fe @d/o nkJ/ do[;s nkJ/# torh ;fEshpDB bZrh j?, go fJ; ftubk :EkoE fJj j? fe n;hA jkb/ th nkgD/xo BjhA nkJ/. fBo;zd/j n;hA nkgD/ ;wki s/ okiBhsh d/ ;Bw[yu[D"shnK dhnK }whBh jehesK B{z dor[}o s/ dofeBko BjhA eo;ed/, fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;kB{z @eo' iK wo'# dh fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh Bkb s[oBkgt/rk. fJ; s'A fJbktk yk; eoe/ nkgD/ nkr{nK s'A u'DK t/b/ ;kv/ fdZbhtk;h ;wekbh FkfJo Fjkp ik\oh tKrz{ ;gFN s"o #s/ nkgD/ ;[nkbK dki[nkp b?D dh b'V j? feL-

s{ fJXo-T[Xo eh pks Bk eo, f:j psk fe ekf\bk feT{A b[Nk<w[M/ okj}B'A ;/ ro} BjhA, s/oh ofjpoh ek ;[nkb j?

;kvh e"w s/ ;wki B{z dog/F pV/ jh w;b/ jB. fJ; bJh fJBQKw;fbnK ;pzXh ;tkbK d/ itkp wzrD d/ Bkb Bkb ;kB{z y[dgq;s bhvoKdh S'Jh-S's MkVB dh nfjwhns B{z ;wMD dh th }o{os j?. nkU! fJ;s'A gfjbK fe w"ek y[zM ikt/, nkgK j[D jh nkgD/ gzikp s/ nkgD/ ;wkidh p/jsoh tk;s/ :sBFhb j'JhJ/.

fJ; gq;zr ftu fJfsjkf;e fgS'eV dh ikBD ti'A f}eo:'r j? fegzikp ftu ;efsnK tb'A nkgfDnK ftu nZv'-ckV s/ wko-XkV eoB-eokT[D fijh ;kfiFh ekotkJh ne;o jh gqXkB ojh j?. pfjojkbpkpk BkBe B/ th nkgD/ ;w/A ftu ;wki dh fJj' fijh jh B?fse froktNd/y e/ wB[Zy d/ nksfwe ;[Xko s/ ;wki d/ efbnkD dh rZb ehsh ;h.T[d'A th pkpk BkBe tor/ f}zdrh d/ ;kXeK s/ ;kv/ fezB/ jh j'o tv/fonKB{z p/skbk s/ e[okjhnk fejk frnk ;h. ;wki ftu T[d'A th ;dkuko dhxkN ;h s/ BfFnK-gZfsnK dh u/Neh gqftosh ;h. T[; }wkB/ ftu thn"osK dh p/edoh s/ p/gZsh j[zdh ;h, go nZi n;hA fJj ;kohnK ;hwktK

34

T[bzx e/ ;wkfie froktN d/ Bt/A foekov pDk oj/ jK.

d[BhnK d/ wjkB fcbk;co gb?N' dk ;wK Jh;k w;hj s/ Jh;k ;zws F[o{j'D s'A th gfjbK dk j?. T[; d/ ;w/A ftu th B"itkBK ftu froktN d/ fuzBQs/ fujB-uZeo gqsZy fdykJh fdzd/ ;B. T[j fbydk j? fe ;kv/ B"itkBK B{zeh j' frnk j?. T[j tZfvnK dk fBokdo eod/ jB s/ wkfgnK dk fejk BjhAwzBd/. fco T[j ekB{zB B{z th nkbQk-e"vh fSZe/-e"vh efjzd/ fcod/ jB. rbhnKp}koK ftu T[j dzr/-c;kd eod/ jB. T[BQK ftu B?fsesk wo ojh j?, fJ;bJh fJBQK dk eh pD/rk. fJj fpbe[b mhe j? fe nfijk e[ZM ;z;ko ftuwstkso ubdk nk fojk j?, go fJ; dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe n;hA nkgD/B?fse s/ ;wkfie co}K s'A gk;k tZN bJhJ/.

ekb d/ ;w/A uZeo ftu jo ;wki ftu uzfrnkJhnK s/ p[okJhnKojhnK jB. fco e[dos d/ pDkJ/ pzfdnK ftu iBwiks jh uzr/ s/ wkV/r[D-n"r[D ;d'A jh oj/ jB. fBo;zd/j id'A fe;/ ;w/A ftu e'Jh B/e pyswjKg[oyh nkJ/ jB, T[BQK B/ b'e u/sBk B{z ikfrqs eoe/ ;wki B{z wzd/-wkV/eow eoB s'A j'fVnk j?l fi; ;dek ;wki ftu Grsh bfjo fijhnK;dkukfoe s/ B?fse bfjoK-pfjoK j'JhnK, go nkfyo B{z wB[Zyh fcsosnB[;ko id'A pzdk fco w[V e/ ;[Zy nokw s/ n?F'-fJFos dh rokoh d/dzfdnK ftu c; frnk sK ;w[Zu/ ;wki ftu fco s'A nkgk-wko{ s/e"w-xkse nbkwsK B/ nkgDk \Bhno-\B fybko fbnk.

pZ; fJ; ;ko/ ftuko s/ ft;Eko d/ ;kozF dk f;o\ s/ f;o\sZs;ko s/ noE fJj jh j? fe jo pzdk, jo ;wki s/ jo fB}kwnZS/-p[o/ dk fwFoD j[zdk j?. \oe e/tb fJzBK jh j? fe fe;/ ;w/A ns/fco fezB/ tes bJh ;wki ftu B/e iBK s/ Gb/wkD;K dh ofjB[wkJh s/nrtkJh ;dek p[fonK Bkb'A GfbnK dk p'bpkbk fojk j? iK fe fcofJ; d/ T[bN w"i{dk d"o tKr{z p[o/ dh Gb/ T[go ;tkoh ojh j?. fJ; d/Bkb jh fco fJj th d/yD tkbh rZb j? fe d[oiBK dk Gb/wkD;K T[gowkVk s/ wko{ gqGkt fe; edo s/ fe; jZd sZe jkth j[zdk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ pZ; nkdwh s'A fJB;kB pDB dh wkBth gqkgsh fe;/ th;wki dhnK j'o G"fse s/ gdkoEtkdh gqkgshnK s'A fes/ nfjw j?.wB[Zysk dk wkBtsk sZe dk gzX ns/ fJ; f;bf;b/ ftu wB[Zy dk nkdwh

35

s'A fJB;kB pDB sZe dk ;\o jh nfjwhns oydk j?, fi; tk;s/ pVh;kXBk s/ xkbDk eoB dh b'V jz[dh j?. FkfJo w;s ebeZsth dk fJ;;pzX ftu wFj{o ;[yB j?L-

fwNk d/ ngBh j;sh e', nro e[S wospk ukj/fe dkBk ]ke w/A fwb eo, Hr[b/-r[b}ko j'sk j?

p; fJj jh e[dos dk nNb fB:w j? s/ fJj jh o;w'-okj ;w[ZuhwB[Zysk d/ ;G s'A tZv/ fJFN d/t oZp d/ dfo-xo gqtkB j?. fJj nfXnksfwes/ fJB;kBhns dh y/v jh oZp B{z iudh s/ GkT[Adh j?. pkeh ;G d[fBnktheoD-gbkj T[; dh dorkfj #s/ e'Jh wjZst jh BjhA oZyd/. fJ; tk;s/ oZphb/fynK s/ e[dos d/ fB}kw d/ tZv/-tZv/ tjh-ykfsnK d/ b/y/-i'y/ ftu Bkg?Ad/ j'J/, fe;/ th ;wki dk co} pDdk j? fe T[; d/ Bkrfoe gfjbKnkgD/ jh ;wki dhnK pDkJhnK j'JhnK B?fse s/ ;wkfie edoK-ehwsKw[skfpe nkgk-uhBD s/ fco F[G r[DK B{z nkgDh ihtB-F?bh dk nzrpDkT[D. fJ; s'A fJbktk e"w d/ nkr{ GftZy dhnK ghVQhnK B{z b'VhAdhfdFk s/ dFk gqdkB eoB sK fe e"wh fJfsjk; T[BQK d/ ;w/A B{z ;[Bfjo/;wki s/ tXhnk fJB;kBK d/ iB ;w{j ti'A nzfes eo ;e/.

fJ; J/spko Bkb j[D pj[s jh }o{oh j' frnk j? fe n;hA nkgD/fJfsjk; s/ ;kfjs B{z ;jh gq;zr ftu g[Bo ;[oihs eoe/ nkgD/r[o{nK-ghoK, ;zsK, GrsK, FjhdK, w[ohdK s/ nkgD/ ;kfjsekoK B{z T[BQKdk pDdk ;fseko:'r ;EkB d/JhJ/. go fJE/ ;kB{z fJe fJfsjkf;efusktBh d/ th o{-p-o{ j'Dk gt/rk fe n;hA jw/FK jh p[fBnkdh w;fbnKs'A Nkbk tZfNnk j? s/ p/-p[fBnkd w;fbnK d/ bV bZr/ jK ns/ n"MV okjg? e/ ;wK popkd ehsk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp d/ fJfsjk; dhnK fJ; soQK dhnK ;?AeV/fw;kbK ftu'A ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ bk;kBh ihtB dh fJeT[dkjoD fdZsh ik ;edh j? fe T[BQK B/ ;zB 1704 iK fco 1705 ftu'AfejV/ ;kb ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp B{z SZfvnk ;h < iK fco uwe"o dh rVQhftu T[BQK B/ nkgDh ebrh GkJh ;zrs f;zx iK GkJh ;zs f;zx d'BK ftu'Afe; B{z ;ikJh ;h < fJj fJfsjk;ekoK bJh sK y'i dk ftFk j' ;edkj? go nkw ntkw bJh sK ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tb'A Xow s/ e"w

36

dh oZfynk bJh ehsk frnk ;opz;dkB ns/ T[BQK d/ f;ZyK tb'A r[o{ gqshFoXk nB[;ko f;Zyh d/ f;XKsK #s/ ubd/ j'J/ fdZshnK e[opkBhnK dkwjZst fes/ tZv/ wkfJnB/ oZydk j?. go n;hA r[o{ gqsh FoXk s/ f;Zyf;XKs gqsh nk;Ek fij/ w{b s/ p[fBnkdh w;fbnK B{z Nkbd/ j'J/ ftnoEjh skohyK ns/ p/-p[fBnkd pfj;K-w[pkfj;K ftu gJ/ j'J/ jK. fJ; soQKe"wh gZXo #s/ n;hA ;wK th popkd eo oj/ jK ns/ p/wsbp jh f;Zyhs'A th p/wZ[y j' oj/ jK. fco'}g[oh eth e?bth ;kvh ;koh fJ; wkBf;ed[ftXk s/ d[fuZsh B{z d' bkJhBK ftu jh fpnkB eo fdzdk j?.

p/p[fBnkd w;b/ n;hA u[ed/ jKw;b/ fijV/ p[fBnkdh T[j Nkbd/ jK

w/ohnK b/yDhnK d[nkok w/o/ fJj fBr{D/ fij/ :sB-gq:sB oj/ jBfe ;kv/ ;wki d/ ;wekbh wkor doFe s/ f;nk;h nkr{ ;kvh e"w dk;jh wkor doFB eoB ns/ ;w[Zu/ ;wki B{z ;t?wkD s/ y[Fjkbh d/okj-o;s/ gkT[D. Hy?o! T[BQK dh ;'u s/ T[BQK d/ f\eo dk oZp fBrkjpkBj't/. fJ; gqEkfJ firo w[okdkpkdh B/ pj[s jh Y[Zet/A FpdK ftu fejkj? feL-

T[B ek i' \o} j?, t' nfjb/ f;nk;s ikB/w/ok g?rakw w[jZps j?, ijK sZe gjz[u/

fJ; gqEkfJ ;kvh ;fwnK g[okDh b'e f;nkDg @wK dhJ/ okwoZyhJ/, Bhns Bk wkVh oZyhJ/# s'A ftukoK dh fJybkeh s/ Fy;hnshp[bzdh b?Ad/ j'J/, nkU! fJe Bo'J/ ;wki s/ Bt/A fB}kw dh f;oiDk pko/;'uhJ/. pfjojkb, fJ; ;wkfie ;zebg dh g{osh bJh nkFktkdh ;'u dhnfsnzs }o{os j?. nkFktkd d/ ;zdoG ftu ;kfjo b[fXnkDth d/ pV/;'jD/ ftuko jB fe ;wki ftu id'A oks dk nKub Ybe/rk s/ d[Zy d/pZdb ;oeDr/, T[d'A ;[Zy dk ;kro SbeD Bkb fco BthA ;t/o j't/rh.rhseko d/ fJ; gqEkfJ Fpd fJj jB feL @fJB ekbh ;dhUA e/ ;o;/, ip oks ek nKub Ybe/rk, ip d[Zy e/ pkdb fgxb/Ar/, ip ;[Zy ek;kro Sbe/rk, ip nzpo M{w e/ Bku/rk, ip Xosh Brw/ rkJ/rh, t[j;[pQk eGh s' nkJ/rh, t[j ;[pQk eGh s' nkJ/rh.#

fco fJ; e"wh f;oiDk tk;s/ fBZi ;[nkoE s'A T[go T[m e/

37

go;[nkoE dh GktBk B{z T[ikro eoB dh b'V j?. fJ; gqEkfJ fejk iKdkj? fe fit/A pz;oh d/ nkgD/ ;hB/ ftu S/e j[zd/ jB, T[j fco th rkT[Adhj? ns/ fJT[A jh w'o nkgD/ eo{g g?o t/y e/ o'Adk-o'Adk th Bku fdykT[Adkj?. fpbe[b T[; soQK jh pz;oh tKr{z S/e'-S/e j'D d/ pkti{d th j[DnkgDk fBZih d[Zy-dod G[Zb e/ b'eK dk dod d{o eoB dh }o{os j?.

w/oh fJ; XkoBk dh gq'VQsk F?b/Ado dk rhs eodk j?L- @fe;h ehw[;eokjN'A g/ j' fB;ko, fe;h ek dod fwb ;e/ s' b/ T[Xko, fe;h e/tk;s/ j' s/o/ fdb w/A fgnko, ihBk fJ;h ek Bkw j?.# w?B{z fJ; rZb dho{jkBh s;Zbh j? fe fJ; rhs dk ss;ko w/oh f}zdrh ftu @f;rB/uofNT{B# Gkt w[Zy so} tKr fojk j?. fJ; rhs Bz{ w?A nkgD/ ihtB ftuyk; eoe/ b'e ;/tk d/ d"okB nkgDh ;'u s/ ekoiF?bh dk @Ehw ;"Ar# Gkt@nXko-rhs# wzfBnk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu jh FkfJo nZr/ fbydk j? feL- @fwN/ i' fgnko e/bhJ/ t'j f}zdrh, ib/ pjko e/ bhJ/ t'j f}zdrh, fe;h e' j' Bk j', jw/s' J/spkol ihBk fJ;h ek Bkw j?. foFsk fdb ;/ fdb e/ J/spko ek,f}zdk j? jwhA ;/ Bkw fgnko ek.# fJ; tk;s/ w/oh iku/ ;kvh e"w B{z j[Dnkg;h fgnko dhnK BthnK okjK #s/ s[oB s/ goT[gekoh wzf}bK tZbtXD dh nZi pVh b'V j?. nZi fco d[pkok ;w[Zu/ ;wki B{z nfsnzs nfjw}o{osK ftu'A i/ fe;/ uh} dh ;G s'A tZX b'V j? sK T[j nkg;h fgnkos/ GkJhuko/ dh j?. ;wki dh GbkJh bJh nZi ;kB{z ;[nkoEh BjhA, ;r'Ago;[nkoEh ofjpo s/ ofjB[wk ukjhd/ jB. fe;/ FkfJo B/ fJ; gqEkfJjh fejk j? feL-

BJh wzf}b e/ who-J/-ekotK Gh n"o j's/ j?Ag[okB/ fy}o/-ofj pdb/, tj so}-J/-ofjpoh pdbk

fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe Bt/A okjK s/ BthnK wzf}bK d/fdFk-fBod/Fe id'A wkor doFB dh so} s/ s"o-sohe/ pdb b?Ad/ jBsK oZp th nkgDh opkJh dk nzdk} pdb fdzdk j?. fJ; tk;s/ e"w Bz{ j[DeowZm :'X/ dh fco s'A }o{os j?, i' fe b'e efbnkD s/ b'e GbkJhtk;s/ oZp s'A e'Jh nw'x n;so b? e/ nkt/ s/ fco T[j eow:'rh pDe/ftrVh j'Jh ;wkfie ftt;Ek B{z w[V s'A bhj/ gkt/.

38

go fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJ; s'A th tZX nfjwhns tkbh rZb fJj j? fen;hA e"wh gZXo #s/ d/F Grsh, b'e ;/tk s/ e"wh GkJhuko/ fij/ r[DK Bz{nkgDk ihtB nXko pDkJhJ/. fJ; tk;s/ YkJh nZyoh rZb fJj j? fen;hA nkgD/ nkg Bz{ fJe-w[Zm s/ fJe-i[ZN e"w ti'A fJe e"wh ;Ku/ ftuYkbhJ/. fJ; soQK jh ;kB{z i' ;z;eko ;kv/ wjKg[oyK s/ e"w d/ tv/fonKtb'A fwb/ jB, T[BQK nB[;ko ;kBz{ nkgD/-nkg Bz{ d[BhnK ftu T[ikroeoB dh b'V j?. fJ; ;G ek;/ tk;s/ nkgD/-nkg ftu g{oB ;t?wkD s/g{oh fdqVsk Bkb fJj ftFtk; th g?dk eoB dh b'V j? fe i' ezw;oekoK BjhA eo ;edhnK, T[j B/e pzfdnK d/ ;z;eko eo fdzd/ jB

39

2

gzikp dh ejkDh FpdK dh }[pkBhgzikph ;{p/ Gkt toswkB gzikp dk y/socb gzikj j}ko tor

feb'whNo s'A E'VQk fijk jh tZX j?. fJj w"i{dk gzikp G{r'fbe s"o #s/e[dosh s"o #s/ ftef;s j'J/ G{r'fbe gzikp d/ gzit/A e[ fjZ;/ fiZvk jhofj frnk j?. G{r'fbe gzikp fe;/ ;{p/ iK fonk;s dk BKn BjhA j?, ;r'Agzikp nkgD/-nkg ftu fJe d/F jh j?. gzikp dh ;o}whB ;fGnsk s/;fGnkuko d/ gZy'A fJe w[be B{z iBw d/D dk wkD oZydh j?.

d[BhnK dhnK gzi e[ gqkuhB ;fGnsktK ftu'A jVZgk dh ;fGnsknkgDk f;ow"o ;EkB oZydh j?. e[dosh nkpK dh fJ; Xosh dk fJj;ZfGnkuko e'Jh 6-7 j}ko ;kb gfjbK ;z;ko gZXo #s/ g;fonk j'fJnk;h. jVZgk ;fGnsk dh ftFkbsk s/ fJ; dk ftek; d[BhnK B{z nkgDhj'Ad-j;sh fdyk u[ek ;h. jVZgk ;fGnsk d/ nyhob/ ;w/A ftu wZXJ/Fhnk s'A nkohnk ephb/ nkT[D/ F[o{ j' rJ/. T[BQK B/ fJE/ nk e/ f;zX{xkNh d/ fJ; y/so B{z @nkohnktos s/ pqjwtos# fij/ Bkw fdZs/. fcofJ; ;w/A s'A jh gzikp dh fJ; @;gs-f;zX{# d/ Bkw Bkb ikDh iKdh XoshT[go nkohnk ekb s'A gfjbK gDgh-g;oh jVZgk dh ;fGnsk s/ pkndftu nkohnk ekb ftu g;o/ t?fde-ekb d/ ;fGnkuko B{z @f;zX xkNhdh ;fGnsk# dk gqf;ZX Bkw fwfbnk.

pfjojkb! nkohnk b'eK d/ nkrwB s'A gfjbK d/ ;w/A ftZu fJ;fJbke/ B{z d;t/A gkfsFkj ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nFNBd dhG{wh fejk j?. fJj fyZsk nFNBd Gkt nZm dfonktK dh Xosh s'A ;gsf;zX{ Gkt ;Zs dfonk s/ fco gzikp noEks gzi-nkp wsbp gzidfonktK dh ;o}whB j[D p; YkJh-nkp sZe f;wN e/ gzikphnK dhni'eh eowG{wh pD e/ jh ofj rJh j?. fJ; soQK gqkuhB ;w/A ftu g'o;d/ ;w/A dk gzikp, wZX ekb ftu pkpk BkBe dk gzikp s/ fco ;qh r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ to';kJ/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ oki dh p[fBnkdns/ f;Zy fw;bK d/ oki #s/ nXkfos wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk @gfjbks/ nyhobk# f;Zy ;kwoki j[D p; fJj ;G e[M fJfsjk; d/ G[Zb/-ft;o/gzB/ jh pD e/ ofj frnk j?.

40

fco w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe gzikp S'Nk-do-S'Nk j[zdk-j[zdk ftFkbgzikp s'A xZN e/ fpZbh d/ g"Aju/ e[ fizBk jh ofj frnk j?. fco ;kv/ #s/f;sw}ohch fJj th j'Jh fe ;zB 1947 ftu wXkDh tzv gk e/ gzikp d/d' N[eV/ eo fds/ rJ/. pfjojkb! fco gzikph ;{p/ dk Bkw #s/ ;zB1966 ftu gzikp B{z j'o th MkV-SKr e/ S'Nk eo fdZsk frnk.

y?o! fJfsjk;e fgS'eV d/ ;zdoG ftu f}eo:'r j? fe nkohnkb'eK d/ ;w/A t?fde ekb t/b/ dh f;zX xkNh dh ;fGnsk jkb/ gBgDh thF[o{ BjhA ;h j'Jh fe T[; s'A gfjbK jVZgk ;ZfGnsk ftef;s j' u[eh ;h.jVZgk ;fGnsk ekdo dh e[dos ftu tfjzd/ ;Zs dfonktK dh ;o}whB;gs-f;zX{ T[go c?bh j'Jh ;h. fJj f;zX xkNh ;ZfGnsk s'A fJe :[Zrnr/sh ;h. fJe :[Zr j}ko ;kb dk iK fJ; s'A e[M e[ xZN-tZX th j';edk j?. fjzd';skB B/ f;zX xkNh ;ZfGnsk ftu'A iBw fbnk ;h, id'A fegzikp, gzikph s/ gzikphns fJ; s'A fJe :[Zr gfjbK nkgDh j'Ad ekfJweoe/ d[BhnK ftu c?b u[eh ;h.

fJfsjkf;e gZy'A fJj rZb th pj[s jh wjZstg{oB j? fe jVZgk dkgzikph ;fGnkuko nkgDh fbZgh ftu ;h. fejk iKdk j? fe jVZgk fbZgh,i' fe nZi sZe ikDh-;wMh jh BjhA ik ;eh, T[j nZi dh r[ow[yh fbZghBkb'A fes/ f}nkdk ftef;s ;h. jVZgk ;fGnsk dh pdfe;wsh fJj ;hfe fJ; B{z wZX J/Fhnk tb'A nkT[D tkb/ nkohnkJh ephfbnK B/ p[oh soQKe[ub fdZsk. fco d[Zy dh rZb fJj j? fe jVZgk ;fGnsk dk ;fGnkukow[V T[; ;w/A dh sfj}hp d/ s[b j[D sZe th nkgD/ g?oK #s/ yVQk BjhA j';fenk. gzikph ;fGnsk B{z :[rK-:[rKsoK pknd T[GkoB dk w[V fJe;'jDk T[gokbk Gkos ftu Grsh-bfjo ;w/A w[Zy s"o #s/ f;Zy-bfjo B/15thA s'A 17thA ;dh ftu w[jZJhnk ehsk. :[rK s'A pknd gzikph-p'bhf;Zy bfjo B/ r[ow[yh fbpk; ftu fco nkgD/ g?oK #s/ yVQh ehsh. f;Zy-ws B/ r[ow[yh fbZgh okjhA jVZgk ;fGnsk d/ r[nku u[e/ ne; B{z fcos'A ekfJw eoB s/ T[GkoB dk phVk u[fenk ;h.

fJE/ gzikp d/ ;wkfie gZy B{z th ;wMD dh b'V j? fe f;Zy Xow B{zXkoB eoB s'A gfjbK b'eK d/ pj[s tZv/ fjZ;/ B/ fJ;bkw B{z XkoB eofbnk ;h. ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;G s'A gfjbK iZNK B{z f;Zy Xow ftu

41

fbnKdk ;h. T[; s'A pknd ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih s/;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ wkbt/ s/ pKro d/ fJbke/ ftu'A fJ;bkwh ozrstkbh ;yh-;oto ;zgqdk dh EK f;Zy wZs dk p'bpkbk ehsk. r[o{ ;kfjpkBtb'A ;wki B{z ;jh fdFk d/D dh fJj ekotkJh fJ;bkw d/ nbzpodkoj[ewokBK dh B}o ftu ezv/ tKr{z u[Gh ns/ fJj gzit/A gksFkj s/ B"t/AgksFkj dh Fjhdh dk w[Zy ekoB pDh.

go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe fJj sK ;kB{z fe;/ B{z fuZs-u/s/ th BjhA j?fe gzikp fe;/ ;{p/ iK fonk;s dk Bkw BjhA j?. fJj nkgD/ nkg ftufJe d/F j?. fJ; dk nkgDk fJe ;[szso ;fGnkuko ns/ fotkfJsK jB.fJ; ekoB jh gzikp #s/ id'A th fjzd';skBh ;wokNK dk oki ;Ekfgsj[zdk fojk j?, T[BQK B/ gzikp d/ ;[szso o[sp/ B{z ;ZN jh wkoh j?. fco fJjth f}eo:'r j? fe gzikp B{z f;oc gzikph jkewK B/ jh ;[szso o[spkfdtkfJnk j?.

jVZgk ;fGnsk d/ yksw/ s'A pknd gzikp B/ okik g'o; d/ ;w/A w[VnkgDh ;[szso j;sh B{z T[Gkfonk ;h. pfjojkb id'A 326-27 g{otJh;th ftu :{BkB dk pkdFkj f;ezdo d[BhnK B{z csfj eodk j'fJnkfjzd';skB tZb tZX fojk ;h sK T[; B/ Ufjzd d/ ;EkB #s/ f;zX dfonkB{z gko ehsk s/ fijbw dfonk d/ ezY/ #s/ nk e/ o[e frnk. fJE/ fJ;;EkB #s/ g'o; B/ nkgD/ oki dh gZSwh ;ojZd #s/ f;ezdo dk vZN e/w[ekpbk ehsk. r"osbp j? fe okik nzph tor/ r[nKYh okfinK B/ iK sKf;ezdo Bkb w/b-fwbkg eo fbnk s/ iK T[j jZE #s/ jZE oZy e/ fBogZypD/ oj/. fJ; ;koh Fsozih ukb d/ w'Yh e'NZfbnk s/ uzdo r[gs w"ohnk;B feT[Afe T[BQK B{z g'o; ezv/ tKr oVedk ;h. T[j BjhA ;B ukj[zd/ feg'o; d/ nXhB gzikp w}p{s j't/. T[Xo g'o; B/ fdqVQ fBFuk ehskj'fJnk ;h fe T[j f;ezdo B{z fijbw Ffjo s'A dfonk gko BjhA eoBd/t/rk. fJ; tk;s/ f;ezdo th g'o; wjkB dh skp'-skes d/y e/ xpokfrnk.

fJ; w[Ffeb ;fEsh ftu f;ezdo Bz{ e'NZfbnk s/ uzdo r[gs B/;bkj fdZsh fe T[j fijbw dfonk B{z j/mK tkb/ gk;/ ik e/ gko eo/.fJ; tk;s/ f;ezdo fgzv nk;kBkN s/ BkN d/ okjhA ni'e/ fijbw Ffjo

42

s'A 30 whb j/mK ibkbg[o g[Zik. fco fJ; ;EkB s'A 17 whb j'o j/mKik e/ f;ezdo s/ g'o; dhnK c"iK d/ dofwnkB bVkJh j'Jh. fJ; bVkJhftu g'o; jko frnk s/ T[; dk tZvk gZ[so ;zxo Fjhd j' frnk. fJE/jh @f;ezdo wjkB# dk irs gqf;X x'Vk p?e{cbZ; }]wh j' e/ dw s'Vfrnk ;h. f}eo:'r j? fe f;ezdo d/ fJ; tckdko x'V/ B/ T[; dk;kohnK bVkJhnK ftu ;kE fdZsk. fJ; tk;s/ fJE/ f;ezdo B/ T[; x'V/dh :kd ftu @p?e{cZbk# Bkw dk Bro t;kfJnk ;h, fi; Bz{ fe ni'e/;w/A ftu fijbw d/ Bkw Bkb ikfDnk iKdk j?.

fJE/ fJj th r"osbp j? fe f;ezdo dh F[o{ s'A jh oDBhsh fJj j[zdh;h fe T[j bVkJh d/ YkJh cZN jh efonk eodk ;h. fJ; dk wsbp fJj;h fe i/ d[fgjo sZe T[j fi; d[FwD #s/ csfj jk;b eoB ftu ;cbBjhA j[zdk ;h, T[; Bkb T[j ;wM"sk eo b?Adk ;h. fJ; soQK dh jh f;ezdoB/ d[fgjo YZbD s'A pknd bVkJh ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko g'o; B{z d';sh dhg/FeF ehsh. iZr }kfjo j? fe fJj g/FeF e'NZfbnk, uzdo r[gs s/ nzphtofrnK dh F?skBh-Ffj d/ pkti{d th d';sh ftu spdhb j'Jh.

id'A g'o; Bz{ bVkJh s'A pknd pzdh pDk e/ f;ezdo d/ ;kjwD/ fbnKdkfrnk sK T[j g'o; dh nkp'-skp s'A fJzBK gqGkfts j'fJnk fe T[; B/g'o; Bz{ g[ZfSnk fe s/o/ Bkb eh ;b{e ehsk ikt/. fJ; #s/ g'o; dk fJjirs gqf;ZX itkp ;h fe @w/o/ Bkb T[j jh ;b{e ehsk ikt/, i' fJe fiZs/oki/ Bz{ jko/ oki/ Bkb eoBk ukjhdk j?.# fJ; itkp #s/ @f;zedo wjkB#p/jZd gq;zB j'fJnk s/ T[; B/ g'o; Bkb d';sh eo bJh. fJ; EK #s/f;ezdo B/ @fBekJhnk# Bkw dk fJe fgzv t;kfJnk. gkfe;skB ftu j[Dw"i{dk ;w/A ftu fJ; ;EkB d/ B/V/-s/V/ f;otkb, geokb s/ ;[yu?Bg[ofgzv tZ;/ j'J/ jB.

r"osbp j? fe gzikphnK B{z w[ZY edhw s'A jh nDr"fbnk eoe/ fJBQKB{z o'bD dh fotkfJs sK nkohnk b'eK tb'A jVZgk s/ wjzi'dkV' dh;fGnsk B{z sfj;-Bfj; eoB ;w/A s'A jh F[o{ j' rJh ;h. fco fJj jh;{os/-jkb g'o; t/b/ th pDh. Gkosh fJfsjk;ekoK B/ jw/FK g'o; B{znDr"fbnk ehsk j? s/ fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ e'NZfbnk s/ uzdo r[gs B{zT[Gkfonk j?. fJBQK d'BK wjkoEhnK B/ jh nkfyoeko g'o; B{z X'y/ Bkb

43

wotk fdZsk ;h.

g'o; s'A pknd T[; d/ S'N/ g[Zso wZb e/s{ noEks wbehns B/ gzikpdk okiGkr ;zGkfbnk, go T[j nkgD/ okiekb d/ d{i/ ;kb jh goFhnk:kBh fe fJokB d/ pkdFkj dkok u"E/ dh wdd eodk j'fJnk izr ftuwkfonk frnk. T[; dh ftXtk okDh B{z uzdo r[gs B/ pzdh pDk fbnk s/fJ; soQK gzikp uzdo r[gs w"ohnk d/ oki dk fjZ;k pD frnk.

pkpo tb'A Gkos ftu w[rb oki dh ;EkgBk d/ Bkb jh gzikp ftuf;Zy Xow dh F[o{nks j' rJh ;h. f;Zy Xow B/ gzikp dh Xosh #s/nfijk fJBebkp fbnKdk fe dp{-M/g{ b'e jwbktoK d/ fybkc sbtkos/ Ykb pD e/ yVQ/ j' rJ/. go nc;'; fe r[o{ BkBe d/ fJ; f;ZyfJBebkp B{z ;kv/ Xkofwe s/ okiBhfse m/e/dkoK ns/ r[o{ dh r'beT[go nkgDk g/N gkbD tkb/ ;zsK-wjzsK B/ w[V-fxV e/ fJ; B{z eoweKvd/ w[zB/Q Bkb jh pzBQ fdZsk j?. nZi d/ efEs r[o{ d/ bkbK B{z ;wM BjhA nkfojk fe ;kv/ wjkB r[o{ ;kfjpkB dk \b;\k eh ;h s/ T[BQK B/ ;kB{z eh;zd/F fdZsk ;h< f;Zy-wZs d/ pkBh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ nkgD/ ;w/A;Ekfgs j' ojh w[rb ;bsBs B{z fJfsjk; ftu nzfes @pkpo pkDh# d/ebw d[nkok fby/ sbtko o{gh FpdK Bkb tzrkfonk. fJ; tk;s/ jhfJBQK FpdK dh ;dkes s'A gq/fos j' e/ fJe fJ;bkwh XkoBk d/ ethw[jzwd fJepkb B/ ;Zu'-;Zu fbfynk j? feL-

fco T[mh nkfyo ;dk s"jhd eh gzikp ;/fjzd e' fJe wod/-ekfwb B/ irkfJnk ]tkp ;/

fJ; T[gozs f;ZyK dh d{ih, shih s/ u"Eh gksFkjh d/ T[dw-T[gokb/;dek f;Zy-wZs B/ gzikp ftu nkgDhnK iVQK cVhnK. gzit/A gksFkj ;qhr[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh ;zgkdBk s/ ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp dh ;EkgBk eotk e/ f;Zy Xow dh p[fBnkd gZeh eo fdZsh.p/FZe T[BQK B{z fJ; e"wh d/D dh ehws nkgDh Fjhdh d[nkok u[ekT[DhgJh. fBo;zd/j fco T[BQK dh Fjhdh s'A pknd T[BQK d/ ;g[Zso ;qh r[o{jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B{z f;Zy Xow dh ekfJwh-pekfJwh bJh whoh s/ ghohdhnK sbtkoK XkoB eoe/ f;Zy ;wki B{z fJe' jh ;w/A Xow s/ f;nk;sd/ o;s/ s'oBk fgnk.

44

S/t/A gksFkj s'A pknd ;Zst/A s/ nZmt/A gksFkj B{z nfs efmBw[ykfbc jkbksK dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk. nyho fJBQK p/jZd d[FtkojkbksK dh jBQ/oh ftu B"t/A gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B{z fjzd s/fjzd{nK d/ Xow B{z pukT[D dh ykso fjzd dh ukdo pD e/ ;zB 1675ftu uKdBh u"Ae fdZbh ftu nkgDk ;h; e[opkB eoBk fgnk. T[BQK dhFjhdh s'A pknd ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ EZeh-jkoh e"w ftu'A ykb;/d/ o{g ftu i[Mko{ s/ woihtV/ f;zx g?dk ehs/, i' fe nkgDh oZfynk s/e"w dh okyh eoBh ikDd/ ;B.

;zB 1699 B{z fJ; ykb;k e"w dh f;oiDk dh rkEk :{BkB dh gqkuhBeEk d/ T[; @c"fBe;# noEks e[eB{; gzSh tKr j?, i' fe nkgDh jh nZrftu ;V wodk j? s/ fco nkgDh jh oky ftu'A g[Bo-;[oihs j' iKdk j?.y?o! d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB d[nkok f;oi/ rJ/ fJBebkph ;wki dk f;ZNk fJjfBefbnk fe ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tb'A dph-e[ubh e"w ftu'A f;oi/rJ/ ykb;k B/ nyho ftu 19thA ;dh d/ F[o{ ftu nkgDk f;Zy ;kwokif;ofink, fi; ;dek T[d'A s'A b? e/ j[D sZe ed/ th e'Jh XkVth d[pkokfJBQK o;fsnK #s/ w[V nkT[D dk jhnk-j";bk jh BjhA eo ;fenk.

fco ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s'A pknd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo@wjkB r[o{# dk @wjkB pzdk# r[o{ T[gd/F ;dek gzikp dh Xosh #s/;zfBnk;h s'A pbFkbh :'Xk pDe/ T[sfonk. fJj 1709-10 dk ;wK ;hns/ frnkothA ;dh ftu w[jzwd r"oh d/ jwfbnK s'A F[o{ j' e/ gfjbk w"ek;h id'A ftd/Fh ;kwoki B{z T[bNk e/ gzikp dh Xosh #s/ fJE'A d/ b'eK dkoki ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk ;h.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ ykb;/ dk oki iK d{i/ FpdK ftu fJE'A d/b'eK dk oki ;Ekfgs eoe/ s[ozs jh ikrhodkohnK ns/ fp;t/dkohnKs'V e/ fJE'A d/ ezwhA b'eK B{z tzv fdZshnK ;B. fgzvK d/ ezwhA b'e tjhoKxZs e/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo e'b gj[zud/ ;B ns/ T[; e'b'A }whBK d/gN/, fgzvK dhnK u"XoK ns/ x'V ;tkoK dhnK N[eVhnK b? e/ nkg'-nkgD/fgzvK B{z w[Vd/ ;B. T[; ;w/A dhnK y[chnk w[rb fog'oNK fJ; soQK dhnK]poK Bkb GohnK gJhnK jB, fiBQK ftu dZf;nk j[zdk ;h fe fgzvK d/ezwh ns/ feosh b'eK dhnK tjhoK pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo gk; gj[zu

45

ojhnK jB. fJj jh pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dk @ykb;k fJBebkp# ;h.^"osbp j? fe nZi d/ e[ZM f;Zy f;nk;sdkB nkgDh f;nk;s dh ;cbsk;dek nkgD/ XhnK-g[ZsK B{z gkbd/ jB, id'A fe ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ nkgD/ g[ZsoK B{z nkw b'eK bJh e[opkB eofdZsk ;h.

f}eo:'r j? fe n;hA fe;/ dh uVQkJh B{z BjhA iod/ ns/ Bk jh fe;/B{z soZeh eodk d/y e/ y[F jh j[zd/ jK. ;r'A ;kvh wkBf;esk nB[;ko n;hAp[bzdh #s/ iKd/ nkgD/ Fohe dh Nzr fyZuD'A th BjhA jNd/. fJ; bJh pkpkpzdk f;zx pjkdo t/b/ th efjzd/-ejkT[Ad/ iE/dkoK B/ T[; B{z fmZph wkoBs/ NzrVh fyZuD fijhnK e'MhnK ukbK uZbhnK, fi; ;dek gzikp dk;kwoki ;Ekfgs j'D ftu xZN'-xZN 100 ;kb dh gS/s g? rJh. fJetko w[rb ;woki nkgDhnK iVQK s'A fjZb e/ fco ekfJw j' frnk. p/FZeT[Xo pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo t/b/ f;Zy ;kwoki ;Ekfgs sK Bk j';fenk, go fJ; ftu e'Jh oZsh Go FZe dh r[zikfJF BjhA fe T[;;w/A ftu f;Zy oki dh BhAj pzBQh ik u[eh ;h.

p/FZe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh Fjhdh s'A pknd gzikp ftu w[rb;wkoki fco s'A ekfJw j'fJnk. f;ZyK dh B;be[Fh eoB bJh ;o/-p}koesb/nkw j'J/, n"osK dh p/gZsh j'Jh s/ wk;{w pZfunK sZe dk xkDj'fJnk. go fJ; ekb/ d"o ftu'A jh f;Zyh f;de s/ f;oVQ d/ ekoB f;ZyfJfsjk; d/ ;[Bfjoh d"o dh F[o{nks j'Jh. gzikp 12 fw;bK dh e[opkBhs/ e"wh ;zxoF ;dek BkdoFkj s/ nfjwd Fkj npdkbh tor/ }kbwKd/ jwb/-do-jwb/ dk w[ekpbk eo ;fenk.

fJ; ;w/A ftu wokm/ th okiGkr dh swzBk oZy e/ gzikp ftunkJ/, go T[j th ;zB 1761 ftu gkDhgs dh shih bVkJh ftu npdkbhs'A eZ[N yk e/ tkg; w[V rJ/. fJ; ;w/A ftu jh ;zB 14 iBtoh 1764ftu npdkbh tb'A ;Ekfgs ;{pk ;ofjzd }?B ]K B{z f;Zy fw;bK B/ uzrk;'Xk bk e/ ;ofjzd #s/ fco pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s'A pknd gZek ep}kiwk fbnk ;h. ;zB 1765 sZe npdkbh B{z fJj gsk bZr u[ek ;h fegzikp B{z f;oc f;Zy jh ;zGkb ;ed/ ;B.

fJ; bJh id'A T[j 1765 ftu 7thA tko gzikp #s/ jwbk eoB dh

46

ro} Bkb bkj"o nkfJnk sK T[; ;w/A ;qH bfjDk f;zx Gzrh bkj"o dkf;Zy j[ewokB ;h. id'A T[; B/ nkgD/ w[DFh-w[;ZdhnK s/ b'eK B{z fJeZm/eoe/ g[ZfSnk sK ;G B/ T[; B{z bkj"o dk ;{p/dko pDkT[D dk ;[nkrsehsk. fJ; #s/ npdkbh efjD bZrk fe ikU bfjDk f;zx Gzrh B{z w/o/e'b b? nkU, w?A T[; B{z bkj"o dk rtoBo pDk fdzdk jK.

npdkbh tb'A G/i/ J/buh id'A bfjDk f;zx e'b s'jc/-s[jkfJc b? e/gj[zu/ sK ;qH bfjDk f;zx B/ fejk, @@ykb;/ B/ i' e[ZM b?Dk j?, T[j nekbg[oy s'A b?Dk j?. n;hA fwZ;hnK o'NhnK s/ G[Zi/ S'b/ yk e/ gb/ jK. fJjw/t/, row FkbK s/ f;o'gkU ;kv/ fe; ezw jB. npdkbh B/ i' e[ZM d/Dk j?,T[j ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp #s/ gj[zu e/ d/ d/t/l T[E/ jh ;opZs ykb;k c?;bkeo/rk fe npdkbh dh g/FeF wB}{o eoBh j? fe BjhA.## fJj g/FeFBkekw j'D #s/ npdkbh gzikp B{z T[;/ soQK SZv e/ tkg; ubk frnk.

fJ; s'A gsk ubdk j? fe fdZbh d/ sys #s/ p?mh fjzd';skB dh fe;/th skes B{z id'A ;sb[i s'A f;zX dfonk sZe dh gqtkj BjhA ;h sK T[d'Af;oc fJj f;Zy ;odko jh ;B fijV/ fe nkgD/ gzikp B{z f;zX dfonksZe nkgDk d/F wzBd/ ;B. fJ; tk;s/ T[j fJE/ fe;/ th ftd/Fh jkewdk oki BjhA ukj[zd/ ;B. T[BQK dk fBFkBk gzikphnK B{z ;[szso eoe/ fJE/jbhwh oki ekfJw eoB dk ;h. fJ; d/ cb;o{g jh npdkbh s'A pkndT[; d/ g[Zso s?w{o s/ T[; d/ g'so/ Fkj-}wkB d/ }wkB/ ftu f;ZyK B/nkgDk f;Zy oki ekfJw eo fbnk.

f}eo:'r j? fe fdZbh dk w[rb pkdFkj nkbw Fkj ncrkfB;skBd/ wFj{o XkVth nfjwd Fkj npdkbh d/ g[Zso s?w{o Fkj dk ;kbk ;hlfJ; bJh }kfjo j? fe T[j ncrkfB;skB d/ pkdFkj Fkj }wkB dkwkwk ;h. fJfsjk; rtkj j? fe wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ ncrkfB;skBd/ fJBQK jkewK B{z JhB wzBk e/ nkgD/ f;Zy oki d/ nXhB eo fbnk ;h.

fJ; fJfsjkf;e gq;zr d/ fgS'eV ti'A dZ;Dk }o{oh j? fe id'A 1739ftu BkdoFkj B/ fjzd';skB #s/ jwbk ehsk sK fdZbh d/ sys sZe T[;B{z e'Jh th Bk o'e ;fenk. go id'A T[j d/F dh n}ws ejkT[Adh okiXkBhfdZbh s'A j}koK n"osK B{z pzdh pDke/ ;kvh fJZ}s-nkpo{ s/ d/F d/ p/F[wkoXB-d"bs B{z b? e/ tkg; ik fojk ;h sK fJj fJeZbk ykb;k jh ;h fe

47

fi; B/ T[; d/ g?oK j/m nZr toQk fdZsh ;h s/ T[j fJ; G[Zue/ Bkb p"Adbfrnk.

T[; ;w/A d/ tkfenk Bth; nfjwd Fkj pNkbth B/ fJ; dk f}eofJ; soQK ehsk j? fe Bkdo Fkj B/ T[; ;w/A d/ rtoBo }eohnk ]kBB{z g[ZfSnk fe T[; B{z th bbekoB tkb/ fJj x'V ;tko e"D jB s/ feZE/ofjzd/ jB< }eohnk ykB B/ itkp fdZsk fe j}{o fJj f;Zy jB, r[o{BkBe dk BKn b?Ad/ jB s/ nzfwqs;o d/ ;o'to ftu fJFBkB eoe/ Feshgqkgs eod/ jB. fJBQK dk xo-xkN e'Jh BjhA j?. j[D fJj x'fVnK dhnKekmhnK #s/ jh ofjzd/ jB s/ fJe G{ok Gkt ezpb jh fJBQK dk ;owkfJnkj?. fJj itkp ;[D e/ Bkdo Fkj B/ fejk ;h fe fco fJBQK s'A puD dhb'V j?. i/ s[ozs fJBQK #s/ ekp{ Bk gkfJnk frnk sK fJj fJe fdB fJ;Xosh d/ wkbe pD ikDr/.

Bkdo Fkj dh fJ; fJfsjkf;e g/FhBr'Jh dk pknd ftu ][dk rtkjj'fJnk s/ f;ZyK B/ gzikp dh fJ; Xosh #s/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ncrkfB;skB sZe @jb/wh f;Zy oki# ekfJw ehsk. T[; B/ nkgD/ oki;w/A ncrkfB;skB s'A nkT[Ad/ fJBQK XkVthnK tb'A fBZs-fBZs d/ jwfbnK#s/ f;oc vZek jh BjhA bkfJnk, ;r'A nkgD/ iKpk} nekbh c{bk f;zx s/joh f;zx Bb{nk tor/ pjkdo ioB?bK d[nkok ncrkfB;skB sZe f;Zyoki dk Mzvk M[bkfJnk. nZi th ncrkBh wktK nkgD/ o'Ad/ pZfunK B{z@johnk nkbk# Gkt joh f;zx nk fojk j?l efj e/ u[Zg eokT[AdhnK jB.

wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ fJBQK XkVthnK e'b'A Gkos s'A b[ZfNnke'fjB{o jhok s/ ;'wBkE d/ wzdo s'A bkj/ uKdh d/ dotk}/ tkg; gzikpwzrtkJ/. T[; dh ykfjF ;h fe T[j Fkj ijkB t/b/ dk fdZbh dk sys@sys-J/-skT{;# th w[VtkJ/. T[BQK d/ g'so/ ezto B"fBjkb f;zx B/wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh ykfjF g{oh eoB bJh J/Fhnk B{z csfj eoBd/ wB;{p/ pDkT[D/ F[o{ eo fdZs/ ;B. go T[BQK B{z f;oc 8-10 wjhB/ dkjh ;wK fwfbnk feT[Afe wjkokik oDihs f;zx s'A pknd bkj"o dopkod/ f;Zy ;odkoK dh nkg;h yfjpk}h s/ p[oSkrodh d/ ekoB T[wo B/ T[BQKBkb t\k Bk ehshl BjhA sK, @sys-J/-skT{;# sK eh ;r'A J/Fhnk dk skith gzikphnK d/ f;o #s/ j'Dk ;h.

48

ykb;k oki nkgD/ nkg ftu fJe feqFwk ;h. fJ; dhnK jZdK;sb[i s'A b? e/ f;zX s'A go/ ekp[b ezXko Bkb ik bZrhnK ;B s/ fJ; ftueFwho, bZdky s/ fsZps sZe dk fJbkek th ;h. p/FZe T[; ;w/A f;ZyK dhfrDsh fJ; ;ko/ oki ftu w;K 12-15 ch;dh jh ;h, fco th f;ZyK B/fJj nfj;k; BjhA j'D fdZsk fe ykb;k oki fe;/ fJe fcoe/ dk okij?. gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu gzikphnK B{z fJe e"w j'D dk nfj;k;j'fJnk, i' fe ykb;k oki dh tZvh gqkgsh ;h.

;zB 1849 ftu ykb;k oki pfDnk-pDksk nzro/}K B/ e[ZM e[ f;Zy;odkoK s/ v'rok ioB?bK dhnK eos{sK ekoB nkgDh M'bh gk fbnk, i'fe nkgD/-nkg ftu fJe tZvk d[yKs ;h. T[; ;w/A nzro/}K B/izw{-eFwho s/ T[Zso-gZSwh ;ojZdh ;{p/ gzikp s'A tZy eo fdZs/ ;B. fcogzikp iwBk s'A b? e/ f;zX sZe c?fbnk fojk. fJ; soQK gzikp ftFt gZXo#s/ ;G s'A gfjbK jVZgk ;fGnsk s/ d{ih tko g'o; ;w/A T[Gfonk ;h.fco shih tko ykb;/ d/ oki ;w/A gzikp dh uVQs e"wKsoh gZXo sZej'Jh. f;y e"w ftu @db ykb;k# ;zB 1748 ftu pfDnk ;h, T[;;w/A s'A b? e/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ oki d/ nyho 1849 sZe gzikp,gzikphns s/ gzikphnK dh uVQdh ebk s/ uVQs ojh. p/FZe 1849 s'A ;zB1947 sZe nzro/}K dk oki th nkfJnk, go gzikph b'e f;Zy oki d/;w/A dhnK gqkgshnK d/ j[Zb/-j[bko/ wkDd/ oj/. y?o! j[D sZe th gzikphy[dw[yfsnkoh d/ nzdo{Bh fij/ nfj;k; Bkb fiT[Ad/ nk oj/ jB.

f}eo:'r j? fe id'A ;zB 1857 ftu fjzd';skB ftu nzro/}K d/fybkc c"ih ftdo'j j'fJnk ;h sK gzikp dhnK fonk;sK B/ nzro/}K dhwdd ehsh ;h. fJ; dk p/FZe tZvk ekoB sK nzro/}K Bkb oitkfVnK dh;KM-fGnkbh ;h. go fJ; fgZS/ fJe j'o wkBf;esk th ezw eo ojh;h, T[j fJj ;h fe n?Arb'-f;Zy bVkJhnK ftu nzro/}K dh ewKv j/mpkjob/ ;{fpnK d/ ;?fBe bkj"o dopko d/ f;ZyK fto[ZX bV/ ;B. fJ;bJh gzikp d/ b'eK B{z th Gkih w'VB dk ukn ;h. go rZb wZ[e-w[ekne/ fJE/ nkT[Adh j? fe fJj ;G eZ[M nzro/} dh @gkV' s/ oki eo'# dh BhshnXhB j' fojk ;h.

;zB 1857 dk ftdo'j e[ubD s'A pknd wddrko fXoK B{z tZv/

49

fJbke/ pyFhFK tKr{z fdZs/ rJ/ ns/ prkts eoB tkbhnK fXoK B{ze{zv/-x'ND/ d/ orV/ bkJ/ rJ/. w"i{dk gzikp d/ yB"oh, bfjokrkrk, wkB;ks/ p[Ybkvk s'A goQ/ g?Ad/ dZyDh jfonkDk ejkT[Ad/ fJbke/ ihAd, BotkDk s/cfsnkpkd s'A nZr/ oki;EkB d/ jB{zwkBrVQ tkb/ gk;/ B"jo-pkXoK sZed/ fJbke/ B{z pKro dk fJbkek efjzd/ ;B. pKro d/ fJbke/ B{z prktseoB tkbhnK fonk;sK dk fJbkek ;wM e/ s'V-wo'V fdZsk frnk. fcofJ; fJbke/ B{z yZyVhnK-eo/fbnK tKr{ nZv eoe/ nzro/} ;oeko B/nkgDhnK fgZm{ fonk;sK ftu tzv fdZsk. don;b fJj ;ko/ fJbke/ r?ogzikph ;B. fJBQK dh p'bh s/ ;fGnkuko th gzikph BjhA ;h. y?o! fJ;soQK i/ ykfb; gzikp dh rZb eoBh j't/ sK 1947 ftu gzikp dk f;ocshik fjZ;k jh Gkos B{z fwfbnk ;h. pkeh gzikp dk d'-fsjkJh fjZ;kgkfe;skB ftu ofj frnk ;h. gkfe;skBh gzikp ftu'A fjzd{ s/ f;Zy e[ZNs/ b[ZN e/ fJXo w"i{dk gzikp ftu s'o fdZs/ rJ/ ;B.

;' gfjbK ;zB 1857 s'A jh gzikp ftu'A gzikph p'bh s/ ;fGnkukorkfJp j'Dk F[o{ j' frnk ;h. fco 1947 ftu gzikp dh nDwB[Zyh s/ r?otkip tzv B/ ofjzdh-y{zjdh e;o eZY fdZsh rJh. wjkokik oDihs f;zxd/ gzikp dk 1$2 s'A tZX fjZ;k sK 1947 ftu efNnk-tfYnk frnk. fcouZb' ofjzd/ 1$2 gzikp dhnK S'NhnK-tZvhnK gzikp, jfonkDk s/ fjwkubdhnK fszB tzvhnK B/ y/soh oep/ d/ fj;kp Bkb fJ; B{z gzikph ;{p/ d/o{g ftu 1$6 fjZ;k pDk fdZsk. fJ; bJh jh nkw b'e efjzd/ jB fegzikp d/ ftFkb y/so s/ ;fGnkuko d/ gZy'A ;kB{z wjK gzikp dh EK @gzikph;{ph# jh fwbh. fJj ;G e[ZM fwb-fwbk e/ fJT[A jh j'fJnk fe pZ; u'oGZi frnk s/ tkjo d/ jZE iKd/ u'o dh bzr'Nh jh nkJh.

d/F dh n}kdh s'A c"oB pknd gzikp s/ gzikphns dh j'Ad s/ j;shB{z dog/F yso/ s'A puD bJh gzikph ;{p/ dh wzr T[mh. gzikph ;{p/ d/ wzrnB[;ko gzikp ftu'A r?o-gzikph ;fGnkuko tkb/ y/so eZYD/ ;B s/ pkehd/ gzikp B{z gzikph p'bdk s/ gzikph ;fGnkuko tkbk ykfb; gzikp wzBe/ g[Bo-rfms ehsk ikDk ;h. fJ; tk;s/ i' sith} nekbh db B/ fdZsh;h, T[; w[skfpe gzikp ftu fJ; dk 65 ch;dh fJbkek ofjDk ;h s/35 ch;dh fJbkek fBeb ikDk ;h.

50

go j'fJnk fJ; d/ T[bN e/Ado ;oeko B/ GkFk d/ nXko T[s/ 65ch;dh fJbkek gzikp ftu'A eZY fdZsk s/ f;oc 35 ch;dh fJbkek jhgzikp B{z gzikph ;{p/ d/ BKn #s/ fwfbnk. g[okD/ b'e s/ yk; eoe/ g[okD/nkr{ Gkt/A j[D @u'o dh wK s/ e'mh ftu w{zj# nB[;ko y[ZbQ e/ p'bd/ sK e[ZMBjhA, go nzdo'-nzdohA i' fJBQK B{z jZE bZr/ jB, T[; B{z :kd eoe/ fJjndw sZe s"pk-s"pk }o{o eod/ jB.

1940 ftu w[;fbw bhr d/ j'Ad ftu nkT[D s'A pknd w[;fbw bhrtb'A w[jzwd nbh fiBkj s/ eKro; tb'A B[wkfJnk s"o #s/ itkjo bkbBfjo{ dh nkg;h eFweF d/ Bshi/ ti'A w[;fbw bhr B/ 1940 ftuw[;bwkBK tk;s/ tZyok gkfe;skB wzr e/ 2 w[beK dh fET{oh B{z iBwfdZsk. wkou 1942 ftu ;o ;N?cov feqg; B{z fjzd';skB B{z n}kdhd/D dh Bhsh B{z B/go/ ukVQB bJh G/fink frnk. p/FZe T[j Bfjo{ ih dkfwZso ;h, go T[; dhnK b/b'-g'g' dhnK rZbK ejkDhnK B/ wjkswk rKXhB{z e[fJN fJzvhnk w{tw?AN Gkt Gkos SZv' nzd'bB eoB tk;s/ wip{o eofdZsk. go nyho ftu nzro/}K B/ d{ih ;z;ko izr ftu nkgDh j[zdhd[odFk B{z t/y e/ Gkos B{z n}kdh d/D dh rZb ;theko eo bJh. gofijVh rZb ;wMD tkbh j? T[j fJj j? fe fJE'A n}kdh bJh ;koh iZd'ifjd s/ ;kok ;zxoF eKro; s/ w[;fbw bhr ftu Fesh gqkgsh bJhNeokn s/ ;KM/ w[be dh pzdo-pKN #s/ nk yVQh j'Jh.

f;Zy fJBQK d't/A f;nk;h XfVnK d/ T[go-EZb/ j[zd/ gbfVnK d/ sok}{dh vzvh ftu bZr/ g{zM/ tKr{z gq/FkB fij/ j' e/ gzikp dh pKdo tzv d/uFwdhd rtkj pD/. fJBQK dh tZyoh ykb;k fonk;s dh wzr Bkekfpb/nwb j'D eoe/ n:'r eoko d/ fdZsh rJh. go f;ZyK B{z nyho ftueKro; B/ nkgD/ Bkb fJj efje/ fwbk fbnk fe gzikphnK B{z n}kdhs'A pknd fjzd';skB ftu ;g?Fb NohNw?AN ti'A yk; gSkD s/ :'r ;EkBfdZsk ikt/rk.

go nzs B{z gzikp dh j'Dh dh fJj p?ArDh T[xVh fe pkT{Avoh efwFB;o f;ob o?Zvefbc B/ d/F d/ BeF/ #s/ f;oc d' wjhfBnK d/ foekovNkJhw ftu ikj-tkj fijh eoe/ gzikp dh tzv dh nDj'Dh bhe c/ofdZsh. fJ; soQK nzro/} d/F B{z SZvD t/b/ th nkgDh @gkV' s/ oki eo'#

51

dh Bhsh G?Vh ;"rks ti'A feZb-gZsohnK m'e e/ ;kB{z d/ rJ/. fJT[Anzro/} ;oeko B/ fJ; r?o e[dosh tzv Bkb d'tK fXoK Gkt g{oph gzikps/ gZSwh gzikp dh nfijh n?;h-s?;h c/o fdZsh, i' fe j[D sZe th;'u'A-;wM'A pkjo j?. d/F d/ e[ZM e[ b'eK bJh sK fJj p/Fe p;zso pDh,go gzikp d/ b'eK tk;s/ fJj dktkBb ;kfps j'Jh.

;zB 1947 dh ;koh bVkJh eKro; s/ w[;fbw bhr B/ bVh ;h.eKro; Gkt/A pkjoh ;o{g ftu Xow fBogZy ;h, go n;b ftu fJjnfijk BjhA ;h. w[;fbw bhr sK g{o/ o{g ftu fcoe{ gkoNh ;h. f;ZN/ ti'A;zB 1947 ftu gzikp B{z p[oh soQK fcoekgq;sh dh nDj'Dh tzv B/ d'fjZf;nK ftu tzv fdZsk. fJ; d/ b'eszsoh f;XKs nZr/ f;Zy e"w f;oc s/f;oc ch;dhnK d/ nzefVnK d/ uZeo ftu T[bM e/ ofj rJh. gzikp tzfvnkfrnk, fJ; d/ b'e tzv/ rJ/ s/ gzikp d/ gzi dfonk th tzv/ rJ/. fco fJjth f;Zsw j'fJnk fe gzikp d/ fJj gzi dfonktK d/ gzi gkDh YkJh-YkJhnkp pD e/ nkgD/ jh p/d'fFnK dk y{B b? e/ fJj ;w[zdoK B{z s[o gJ/.

gzikp tzfvnk frnk ;h ns/ nZX/ s'A th f}nkdk gzikp gkfe;skB B{zfwb frnk ;h. wB[Zyh Fokos Gog{o fJ; nDj'Dh tzv ftu 1 eo'V 12bZy d/ eohp xo T[iV e/ fJXo'A-T[Xo fjios eo rJ/. fJ; fjiosdh okj #s/ 20 bZy fizdk s/ 75 j}ko n;wsK e[opkB j'JhnK. go d'B'Agkf;UA s'A bhvoK tb'A ntkw d/ ;[Bfjo/ w[;sefpb d/ @bko/ s/ Bkno/#j[D sZe th p[bzd-pKr pD/ j'J/ jB. gzikp dh tzv t/b/ gzfvs Bfjo{ s/w[jzwd nbh fiBkj bJh sK wkT{ANp?NB Bkb d';sh fsqnke Gkt }fjoB{z ekN eoB tkbh dtkJh f;ZX j'Jhl go fJj tzv d[tfbUA jh fBod'Fb'ekJh bJh }fjo-w'jok ;kfps j'Jh. fJj d't/A B/sk sK nkg'-nkgD/ d/FK ftu nkgD/ wzsoh wzvbK d/ gqXkB wzsoh pD rJ/ s/ bhvoK dhnK sKwB dhnK w[okdK g{ohnK j' rJhnK, go d'B'A gkf;UA s'A bZyK ihnK d// xkDs/ eo'VK gfotkoK d/ T[ikV/ B/ xo-xo wksw d/ ;ZEo ftSk fdZs/. i' fe65 ;kb phsD pknd th T[; ;'r s/ rw d/ Bk sK ;ZEo ;w/N/ rJ/ jBs/ Bk jh nZyK d/ nZEo ;Z[e/ jB.

gzikp B{z tzvD tkb/ d/F d/ Mzvkpodko 14 s/15 nr;s 1947 B{znkg'-nkgDhnK okiXkBhnK fdZbh s/ fJ;bkwkpkd ftu o"FBhnK eo oj/

52

;B s/ n}kdh dhnK y[FhnK wBk oj/ ;B. gzikp s/ gzikphns d/nbzpodko @fyf;nkBh fpZbh yzpk B'u/# d/ nykD w[skfpe Gkos-gkfe dh;ojZd #s/ yVQ/ nkgD/ eo'VK G?DK-GkJhnK d/ Bkb ed/ fdZbh dhnKo"FBhnK tZb s/ ed/ fJ;bkwkpkd dhnK o"FBhnK tZb T[dk; nZyK Bkb d/yoj/ ;B. w?A fJ; tosko/ B{z ps"o vhH;hH fco'}g[o s/ r[odk;g[o j[D sZe thgqsZy t/fynk j?.

y?o! ;zB 1947 dh tzv t/b/ f;ZyK B/ g{oh e'fFF ehsh ;h fe gzikp dhtzv Bk j't/l go T[j xZN frDsh j'D ekoB fJ; B{z o'e Bk ;e/. eKro; s/w[;fbw bhr B/ gzikp B{z bho' bho eo fdZsk ;h. w[Zedh rZb sK fJj j? fefJj e'Jh e[dos dh ftvzpDk jh j? fe fizBK gzikp dk nkgfDnK jE'A xkDj'fJnk j?, T[Bk FkfJd pkjob/ p/rkfBnK B/ th BjhA ehsk. XkVth sK nkT[Ad/rJ/ s/ w[Vd/ rJ/, go 1947 dh XkV sK gzikphnK s/ fJT[A gJh fe j[D sZeth xfVnkb d/ g?Av{bw tKrz{ fJ; dh @tXkDh# ;ZN jo tes ;kvh wkBf;esk#s/ u'N eodh ofjzdh j?.

;zB 1947 s'A fgZS'A th ohnkor/BkJhi/FB n?eN d/ nXhB 1966 ftugzikph ;{pk pDkT[D ;w/A f;ZyK B/ Gkosh gzikp ftu gzikph p'bh s/ gzikph;fGnkuko B{z ekfJw oZyD dh e'fFF ehsh, go e[ZM nkgDh Bk ;wMh s/ e[ZMe/Ado dh u[;sh-ubkeh d/ ekoB g[oksB ;w/A s'A b? e/ wZXekbh gzikp d/seohpB 1$6 fjZ;/ dh gqkgsh jh gzikp d/ gzEe nkr{nK s/ f;nk;h bhvoKd/ jZE nkJh. fjwkub s/ jfonkDk gqd/F tZyo/ gqKs pD rJ/. gzikp ftu'A fJ;dh okiXkBh uzvhrVQ wBch j' rJh. p; @jho B{z b? rJ/ y/V/, oKM/ ofj rJ/wZMK ukod/# fijh ;[Eoh ;kv/ Bkb j'Jh j?.

;' gzikph ;{pk sK j[D T[j y/so j?, fijVk jfonkDk s/ fjwkub gqd/FpDkT[D s'A pknd pfunk j?. go f}eo:'r j? fe gzikp Gkt/A fe;/ o{g ftuth d/F d/ BeF/ T[s/ T[Gfonk j? sK fJ; B/ d/F dh oZfynk jh ehsh j?. gogzikp j[D j'o th eJh okiBhfse, nkofEe s/ ;wkfie eo'ghnK d/ XZe/uVQ frnk j?. fJ; bJh j[D ;kB{z nkgD/ nfXekoK Bkb'A gzikp gqsh nkgD/co}K Bz{ gSkBD dh fes/ tX b'V j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp dknzB-gkDh SeD tkb/ g"D/ fszB eo'V b'e eh ed/ d{onzd/Fh s'A ezwb?Dr/< j[D ;w/A dh wzr j? fe gzikp d/ FkBkwZs/ fJfsjkf;e fgS'eV dhed/ ;ko bJh ikt/ ns/ nkgD/ GftZy pko/ ;'funk ikt/.

53

3

;kv/ e"wh ;o'eko s/ f\eo-\ke/nZi gzikp s/ gzikphns d/ ;kjwD/ fJzB/ X[yd/-Gyd/ w;b/ yVQ/ jB

fe ;kok gzikp jh Gy fojk j?. id'A n;hA fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp d/fJfsjkf;e fgS'eV #s/ Mksh wkod/ jK sK ;gFN j[zdk j? fe gzikpjw/FK jh d/F dk nzBdksk s/ pbG[ik ofjD d/ pkti{d th rfjo-rzGho;wZf;nktK d/ ekoB czfvnk s/ ;zskfgnk fojk j?. ftj[ wksk B/ gsk BjhAgzikp d/ fej' fij/ b/y fby/ jB fe fJ; dh Xosh #s/ ;/j dk sebk ;dkjh rZfvnk fojk j?.

f;ezdo, Bkdo s/ npdkbh tor/ nB/eK XkVth fJE/ nkJ/. wZX ekbd/ gzikp ftu fJe pj[s jh gquZfbs s/ gqf;ZX nykD @ekpb izfwnK fBZsw[fjzwK# j[zdk ;h, i' fe ;wK g? e/ gzikp d/ izw/ gzikphnK tk;s/ jh wep{bj' frnk. gzikp f;ezdo d/ jwb/ s'A th gfjbK ;ojZdh ;{pk j'D eoe/fw;oh s/ fJokBh ;fGnsktK dk fFeko j'fJnk s/ fco wjkokik oDihsf;zx d/ f;Zy oki ;w/A sZe XkVthnK dhnK fJE/ XkVK dhnK XkVK jhg?AdhnK ojhnK. fco w[dZsK pknd fJj f;oc f;Zy oki ;w/A jh j';fenk fe gzikp B/ ncrkfB;skB tb'A nkT[Ad/ XkVthnK B{z ;dk-;dktk;s/ mZbQ gk fdZsh, ;r'A gzikp dhnK ;ojZdK B{z nF'e s/ efBFe tKr{zekpb s/ ezXko dhnK ;ojZd sZe ik i'fVnk.

fco wjkokik oDihs f;zx s'A pknd sZe nzro/} gzikp ftu ;zB1846 ftu nkJ// s/ 1947 sZe SkJ/ oj/. T[j nkgDk fJfsjk;, ;kfjss/ ;fGnkuko nkgD/ Bkb fbnkJ/. fco 1947 ftu iKd/-iKd/, T[j ;kB{zgzikp dh nDj'Dh tzv dh wkVh ;"rks d/D d/ Bkb-Bkb nkgDh gZSwhsfj}hp s/ so}/ f}zdrh dk ;zXkok d/ e/ ubd/ pD/. fi; d/ ekoB n;hA;fGnkuko d/ gZy'A Bk xo d/ s/ Bk xkN d/ oj/.

fco 1947 ftu d/F dh nDj'Dh tzv d/ o{g ftu esb'rkos s/T[ikV/ d/ nfsqgs dktkBb dk eNe nk ufVQnk. jkb/ gzikp B/ dw thBjhA fbnk ;h fe gzikph ;{p/ dh sZsh yho B/ gzikphnK d/ w{zj b{jfdZs/. y?o! pkeh sK fJfsjk; j?l go i' gzikphnK dh j'Dh d/ o{g ftu

54

gzikph ;{p/ d/ ebj-eb/F dk i' ;zskg j?, T[; dk o/Vek j[D sZe th w[eDftu BjhA nk fojk.

fJ; soQK jh nzro/}K d/ ikD s'A pknd Fjhd/-nk}w Grs f;zx d/FpdK ftu n;hA r'o/ ;kfjpK s'A pokT{B Gkt eDetzB/ d/;h ;kfjp pDe/ ;oeko dh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek #s/ Gko{ j' u[e/ jK. n;hA nzro/} dhokik s/ r[bkw torh gqFk;fBe gqDkbh dh @jw e'-N[w e'# B{z jh pdbt/A o{g ftu jkew s/ dk; dh G?Vh gqEk pDke/ ngDk fbnk. ;'! j[D ;kvh;oekoh ftt;Ek nB[;ko n;hA nkgfDnK dh jh @pzdk Grsh# s/ nkgDhjh @i/p ;/tk# dhnK oj[-ohsK B{z ngDk e/ b'e ;/tk dh gqzgok B{z fes/ i'rkth BjhA SZfvnk.

;r'A j[D sK ;kv/ ;wki ftu s/ yk; eoe/ ;kvh okiBhsh ftun\;';iBe ;fEsh fJj pD u[eh j? fe n;hA nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK s/FjhdK d/ Bkw #s/ th okiBhsh eod/ jK. nzro/}h dk nykD j? fe @;?NB;kJhfNzr ;efoguo}# Gkt F?skB rqzEK dh GkFk p'bdk j?. nZi nfijke'Mk feodko s/ ubD ;kv/ ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse ihtB ftu t/yD B{zfwb fojk j?. go ;kB{z fJ; fBzw torh e"Vh, go r[Dekoh ;ZukJh B{zikBD s/ ;wMD dh b'V j? fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgD/ e"wh ofjpoK s/FjhdK B{z G[Zb iKdhnK jB, T[BQK e"wK dh th okw ;Zs p'b iKdh j?. fcofijVhnK e"wK nkgD/ ^ohp s/ gZSV/ torK dh ;ko b?D dh pikJ/ T[BQKdk F'FD eodhnK jB, T[j e"wK ed/ ;t?wkD dh f}zdrh BjhA fiT{A;edhnK. fJ; tk;s/ e"w B{z s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{nK B{z@wB;{o T[;wkBh# dh fusktBh Goh tzrko B{z ;wMD dh b'V j?.

T[iV/ b'r'A eh spkjh g/ f;nk;s Bk eo'ngB/ g[oy'A e/ n;{b'A ;/ prkts Bk eo'

pZ; fJ; ;zdoG ftu rkfbpB n;hA e[b fwbk e/ nkgDh g{oph;z;feqsh s/ nzro/}K d/ gZSwh ;fGnkuko d/ dofwnkB @d/;h x'Vh s/tbkfJsh d[bZshnK# tor/ s"o-sohfenK B{z ngDk fbnk j?. fJ; bJhn;hA Bk fJXo d/ oj/ s/ Bk jh T[Xo d/ oj/. fJ; soQK dh d[tZbh s/ d'rbhfijh wkBf;esk B/ ;kv/ bJh fJzB/ e[ w;b/ yVQ/ eo fdZs/ jB fenzro/} d/ ub/ ikD s'A 65 ;kb pknd th T[; dh r[bkwh dk goSktK ;kvk

55

yfjVk BjhA SZv fojk. ;r'A T[BQK dk ;fGnkuko ;kv/ ;wki s/ ;kv/ fB}kw#s/ nwo t/b tKr{z Sk u[ek j? fi; d/ ekoB ;kB{z n}kdh dk nfj;k; jhBjhA j' fojk.

;kvh dzGh s/ d'rbh wkBf;esk d/ ekoB n;hA nkg;h c[ZN,p/ftFtk;h, dzG s/ M{m/ fdykt/ dk fFeko oj/ jK. n;hA j[zd/ e[ZM jK s/fdykT[Ad/ e[ZM j'o jK. fi; d/ ekoB n;hA Bk sK nkgD/ oZp B{z s/ Bk jhnkgD/ fJFN B{z ;Zu/ jK. fco j'o sK j'o n;hA sK nkgD/ nkg B{z th ;Zu/BjhA jK, ;r'A ;Zuh rb sK fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/-nkg s'A th M{m/ jK.Gkt/A pkpk BkBe d/ FpdK ftu @@;ow Xow d[fJ Sfg yb'fJ, e{Vfco? goXkB t/ bkb'..## dk j'ek-rd"Vk fco fojk j?, go fco thfJ; fusktBh B{z pj[s jh E'V/ b'e ;wMd/ jB.

fco f;Zsw fJj j? fe ni ;kvh r[bkw s/ fpwko wkBf;esk jh;kvh ;G s'A tZvh ew}'oh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kv/ ;t?wkDjhD ihtBF?bhs/ T[; s'A nZr/ ;kvh ukgb{;h eoB-eokT[D dh nkds seohpB ;kvhnKj'o ;kohnK w[FfebK dh iVQ j?. ;kvh tZvh ;wf;nk fJj th j? fe n;hAy[d s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{ ;owkJ/dkoK dk y'o;kBK s/ ny"shpkfpnK dh FkBh God/ jKl go nkgD/ ;wki d/ rohp torK s'A MkV{podkoh ti'A nkgDh MkV{-p[jkoh dh jw/FK stZe' eod/ jK.

fco d[ydkJh rZb fJj th fJj j? fe n}kdh s'A pknd th 1965s/ 1971 ftu gkfe;skB Bkb bVkJhnK ftu ;G s'A tZX ikBh s/ wkbhB[e;kB gzikp B{z jh MZbDk fgnk j?. pZ; e[ZM e[ sK p/rkfBnK B/ s/ e[ZMnkgfDnK B/ gzikp B{z wko fbnk j?, BjhA sKl n;hA, ehjd/ d/Ddko ;h<nZi d/ fdB ;ko/ d/F B{z fJzB/ w;b/ dog/F BjhA jB fe fizB/ wkwb/ fJeZb/gzikp dh fBZeh fizd B{z gJ/ j'J/ jB. go fJj e[BhB torh e"Vh ;ukJhj? fe fJj pj[sk ybirD ;kvk nkgDk jh ;j/fVnk j'fJnk j?.

nZi nc;'; j? fe gzikphnK dh i' ftbZyD s/ nZvoh gSkD ;kvh wKp'bh gzikph s/ ;kv/ nwho ;fGnkuko d/ ;dek pDh ;h, j[D T[j jhy/o{z-y/o{z j' e/ eZyK-ekDK tKr{z T[Zv ojh j?. fco gzikphnK dh ohVQ dhjZvh nytkT[Adh feo;kDh N[ZN ojh j? s/ feo;kD dh fJZ}s-nkpo{ eZy'Aj"bh j' e/ fyzv-g[zv ojh j?. fco wfjzrkJh dh G{sBh tkSK nZvhA nk ojh

56

j? ns/ fGqFNkuko s/ p/o[}rkoh dk fdU nkdw-p', nkdw-p' eodk nkfojk j?. fJe gk;/ gZSwh ;fGnsk dk bZuotkd ;kvhnK B?fse s/;wkfie edoK ehwsK B{z roZ; fojk j? s/ d{i/ gk;/ BF/ gZfsnK dk s{\kBhdfonk ufVQnk yVQk j?.

fJE/ gzikphnK dh gSkD s/ ;kvh wK p'bh dh ;kv/ jZE'A jh j' ojhd[odFk dk f}eo eoBk }o{oh j?. fi; e"w s/ ;wki e'b nkgDh p'bhjh BjhA j[zdh, T[; dh gSkD sK eh j'Ad-j;sh th BjhA ofjzdh. fJ; gq;zrftu w?A nkgDh wK p'bh gzikph s/ ;uhA-w[uhA nkgDh wk;h fijh T[od{}[pkB dh ;KM dh f;\s s/ ;bkj[sk eoBh ukjKrk. id'A s'A n;hA T[od{Bz{ pkovo s'A goQK sVhgko ehsk j? sK T[d'A s'A jh n;hA fJe ;fGnkukoed[orsh d/ fFeko pD/ j'J// jK. fJ; gy'A n;hA ndp, d;s{o, B\k;s,;bhek s/ eohBk wsbp fe sfj}hp'-swZdB ;G e[M G[b oj/ jK.

;r'A n;hA 50-60 ;kb gfjbK dhnK ;kvhnK ;dkuko s/ B?fse edoKehwsK Bkb ;okp'o ihtB F?bh Bz{ th Svd/ ik oj/ jK. ro} fJj fe n;hAnkgD/ ;fGnkuko dhnK tXhnk f;B\K s/ f;\sK Bkb ;oFko nkgD/ fto;/-ftok;s Bz{ th G[bd/-G[bd/ G[b jh rJ/ jK. j'o sK j'o, n;hA nkgDh gzikphs/ T[od{ }[pkB dh ;KMh FkfJ;srh s/ fwmk; Bz{ sK G[b/ jh jKl ;r'A f}zdrhdh ;'jDh so} s/ soZBw s'A th wfjo{w j' rJ/ jK.

wZ[edh rZb fJj j? fe ;wki ftu ndp'-ndkp s/ FkfJ;srh s'AfpBK ;kvh sfj}hp bzrVh j' rJh j? s/ ;kvk ;fGnkuko T{Dk-p"Dk j'frnk j?. fco T[od{ }[pkB dh b}s Goh ukFBh s'A fpBK ;kvk ;kfjs:shw fijk j' frnk j?. fJE/ f}eo :'r j? fe n;hA y[d n}kdh s'A pkndnzro/} jkewK dh g?V ftu g?V XoB s/ oh; eoB dh tfjts d/ ekoBj[D sZe th nkgDh wK p'bh gzikph Bkb'A th tZX nzro/}h GkFk Bz{ jhsoihj d/ oj/ jK. fJ; soQK BthnK seBheh f\}ktK nB[;ko p/FZe n;hA;z;kfoe gZXo #s/ sK gqkgshnK ehshnK jB, go ;z;ekfoe s/ ;fGnkukoegZXo #s/ n;hA B[e;kB jh ykXk j?.

YkJh joch rZb fJj j? fe gzikp dh ;fEsh e[Zb fwbk e/ @i[Zshe;{oh g?ohA Bk g{oh jkJ/-U-oZpk fiBQK okjK dh w?A ;ko Bk ikDk, T[BQhAokjhA w?B{z s[oBk fgnk# fijh pDh j'Jh j?.

57

p/FZe fJ; ;G ek;/ bJh pj[sh jZd sZe n;hA nkg jh f}zw/tko jK.n;hA G[Zy/ iZN eN'ok bZGk gkDh gh gh nkcfonk d/ nykD nB[;ko n}kdhs/ y[Fjkbh B{z fJe BF/Vh dh BFJh y[wkoh tKr{z wkfDnk j?. j[D id'A ;kB{z;[os fijh nkJh j? sK @fuVhnK u[r rJhA y/s# torh ;fEsh gfjbK jhpDh j'Jh j?. fe;wsh b/y/ i'fynK dh ;koh iwQK-scohe s'A pknd @;Ge[S b[Nk e/ j'F w/A nkJ/ s' e:k ehnk# dh jh ;wM-;'Mh g?Adh j?.

y?o! fejk sK fJj iKdk j? fe @v[ZbQ/ p/oK dk e[ZM BjhA ftrVdk#,pFos/ fe fco u[r-;zGkb bJ/ ikD, go f\eo tkbh rZb fJj j? fe;kvh ;oeko s/ ;kvh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek ;kv/ ;w/A dhnK jkDh BjhA pD;ehnK. ;r'A ;kvhnK fJj g[okDhnK b'e-;/th ;z;EktK ;kB{z dog/F;wZf;nktK s'A fBiks fdtkT[D dh pikJ/ y[d jh uowok rJhnK jB. j[D;kv/ gqFk;B dk y[d jh f;nk;heoB eoB s'A pknd ;kvhnK ;oekoKgqFk;B B{z fGqFNkuko s/ f;ckfoFpk}h s'A w[es eoB bJh ed/ Bt/A-Bt/A n?eN s/ ed/ gqFk;eh efwFB pDkT[D d/ eoDgbkjh UjVK-g"jVKftu bZrhnK j'JhnK jB. id'A fe ukjhdk j? fe nfijh nDukjh pkjohwdd dh EK gqFk;B B{z b'VhAdh wkBsk s/ w?foN d/ nXko #s/ ezw eoBdh y[ZbQ d/ e/ nc;oFkjh B{z ;wki dh GbkJh s/ b'e ;/tk bJh f}zw/tkos/ itkj d/j pDkfJnk ikt/. fJ; tk;s/ gfjbK ;oekoK B{z nkgD/ nzdoMksh wkoBh gt/rh fe eh T[j fJ; tk;s/ fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh s/ ;woEkg?dk eo ;eDrhnK fe BjhA.

fBo;zd/j fonk;s s/ f;nk;s dk :okBk ;dhnK g[okDk j?. go j[DsK w"i{dk d"o ftu f;nk;s dh u"Xo s/ u"Xo dh f;nk;s fJe d{i/ d/j'o th nB[g{oe pD u[e/ jB. j'o sK j'o d[BhnK #s/ yk; eoe/f;nk;sdkBK Bz{ o"FBh fdykT[D tkb/ ;[eoks, no;s{, gb?N', j'wo,j"o/;, r/N/, o{;', o;feB s/ tkbs/no tor/ fcbk;coK d/ jwfiD;ejkT[Ad/ ;kv/ p[ZXhihth y[d nkg th seohpB-seohpB f;nk;sh jh pDu[e/ jB. T[Xo d{i/ gk;/ YkJh cZN torh f;ZXh rZb fJj j? fe okiGkrd/ wkbeK d/ Fohe/-j:ks fij/ pD/ nc;o j[D tkek Bth;K tKr{z jhezw-eki fBGkn oj/ jB.

okiGkr dh ;kvh fJj ftt;Ek g[okD/ ;fwnK ftu okikFkjh s/

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skBkFkjh d/ o{g ftu j[zdh ;h. p/FZe j[D fJ; gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek dkpkjoh ;o{g sK b'eszsoh j?, fi; ftu b'eK dh gqXkBsk j[zdh j?. godon;b fJ; b'eszsoh gqDkbh o{g'A eo{g j' e/ fco d[pkok s'A okiszsohgqDkbh jh pD rJh j?. j[D fJ; dk wzst-wB'oE d/F Grsh dh EK i/pGrsh s/ b'e ;/tk dh EK i/p ;/tk pD frnk j?. b'e GbkJh dh j[D fe;/B{z pj[sh fceo BjhA feT[Afe ;kB{z sK nkgDk jh fceo BjhA w[Zedk.

Bshi/ ti'A ;kv/ tb'A ;kvh nDr"bh fijh gzikp dh ftt;Ek ftu i'tZvk ftrkV g?dk j'fJnk j?, T[j ;kv/ ;kjwD/ jh j?. ;kv/ pj[s/ b'e;kvhnK ;oekoK s'A p/}ko s/ fBokF j' u[e/ jB. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j?fe ;kv/ ;wki d/ nkek-fJwkwK B/ nkgDk sK pj[s ;ztkfonk j?, go T[BQKB/ f;oc gzi ;kb pknd fJb?eFBK dk ;wK SZv e/ iBsk B{z jw/FKft;kfonk jh j?. fJ; tk;s/ j[D ntkw tb'A yVe oj/ xzN/-xfVnkbK B{z;[DB dh b'V j? fe fit/A w[jzwd fJepkb B/ th fejk j? feL-

T[ekph o{j ip p/dko j'sh j? itkB'A w/AB}o nksh j? T[B e' ngBh wzf}b nk;wkB'A w/A

fJ; gqEkfJ j[D ;G s'A tZX T[Zdw s/ T[gokbk sK ;oeko B{z jh eoBkpDdk j?. go fco th wB[Zyh ;z;ekoK d/ ;zdoG ftu f;nkfDnK B/ fejkj? fe ;wki fBowkD dk i' ezw ;oekoK BjhA eo ;edhnK, T[j;z;eko eo fdzd/ jB. go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe n;hA nkgDhnKB"itkB ghVQhnK B{z ;z;ko sK fdzd/ jK, go ;z;eko BjhA fdzd/. fJ; dkGkt fJj j? fe n;hA F[o{ s'A jh nkgD/ fBnkfDnK B{z ;[Zy-nokw, f;Zfynks/ XB d"bs d/ e/ T[BQK B{z ;z;ko Bkb i'Vd/ jK. go n;hA T[BQK B{z ;kv/g[ofynK d/ B/e ekoBkfwnK s/ ;fGnkuko dhnK B/e edoK-ehwsK BkbBjhA i'Vd/

;'! fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;kB{z ;G B{z gzikp dh ;fGnkukfoe nwhoh B{z w[Vs'A ;[oihs s/ gfogZe eoB dh nfjwhns B{z ;wMD dh nfsnzs b'V j?.gzikp d/ ;fGnkukfoe fto;/ s/ fJfsjkf;e ftok;s dh ;ko b?Dh ;kv/;G tk;s/ nfs }o{oh j?. fJj ;w/A dh wzr j? fe e"w FjhdK dhnKihtBhnK, T[BQK dhnK e[opkBhnK ns/ wjkB cb;c/ ;pzXh nkgD/ nkg B{zikro{e eohJ/ s/ nkgDhnK ghVQhnK B{z ikDekoh d/JhJ/. fJ; soQK jh

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B"itkB ghVQhnK d/ nkuoD B{z FjhdK tb'A d/F s/ e"w gqsh fBGkJ/ fgnkodh ozrs d/D bJh fJj }o{oh pD iKdk j? fe n;hA nkgD/ B"itkBK dhihtB-F?bh B{z ;wki ;/tk s/ fiT{D d/ ukn-T[wzrK dh ukFDh ukVQhJ/. fJ;tk;s/ b'VhAd/ T[Zdw-T[gokfbnK B{zz xo s'A F[o{ eoe/ fco f;Zfynk ;z;EktKs'A th nZr/ ;wki gZXo #s/ nwbh o{g d/D dh b'V j?. Fkbk! nekb g[oytkfjr[o{ ;kv/ nfij/ ;wki T[;koh d/ fBZro s/ Bo'J/ ;zebgK dk nkg ][dfBrkjpkB j't/.

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4

gzikph ;{p/ #u'A n;hA eh yZfNnk s/ eh r[nkfJnkgzikph ;{pk pDB-pDkT[D d/ fJfsjk;e gq;zr ftu fJe gk;/

nekbh db tb'A gzikph ;{p/ dh wzr s/ d{i/ gk;/ e/Ado ;oeko tb'A fJ;;pzXh bzwh bhs'-b/bQ d/ fgZS/ @r[o{ u/bk bkbuh d'B'A y/vD dkn# torhwkBf;esk s/ e{NBhsh dh Mbe t/yD Bz{ fwbdh j?. fJ; tk;s/ d'BK fXoKdh ;'u s/ ekor[}koh B{z gzikph ;{p/ d/ fJfsjk; d/ fgS'eV ftu ikDBks/ ;wMDk nfs }o{oh j?. gzikph b'e s/ yk; eoe/ f;Zy jw/FK s'A jh;ojZdK d/ oky/ j'D ti'A f;oVh s/ pjkdo wzB/ rJ/ jB, fi; eoe/bVBk-woBk fJBQK d/ y{B ftu jh j?. frnkBh frnkB f;zx B/ FkfJdskjhT[A sK fejk ;h fe f;zxK B/ nkgDk fJj F"e g{ok eoB bJh r[o{ s'Adzrk pV/ ukn Bkb wzfrnk ;h. fJ; tk;s/ ;odkoh eoB dk iBwiksF"e seohpB ;ko/ jh gzikphnK Bz{ jh j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ fJe dzs eEk gquZfbs j? fe m{zfjnK dh izB tKr{z fi;th gzikph dh g{S B{z jZE bk bU, pZ; T[j jh ;odko j?. fco fJBQK ftu'AfijV/ f;oeZY pzd/ j[zd/ jB, T[BQK B{z nZr/ u"Xoh s/ Bzpodko pDB dk F"ej[zdk j?. fuoK s'A fJe ejkDh uZbh nkT[Adh j? fe e'Jh itkB nkgDh wKB{z g[ZSD bZrk fe id'A w"i{dk Bzpodko wo frnk sK fco Bzpodko e"DpD{z< T[; dh wK ;tkb do ;tkb dk itkp fdzdh ojh. go nyho nZee/ efjD bZrh fe g[Zs Gkt/A ;kok fgzv wo ikJ/, Bzpodko pDB dh s/ohtkoh BjhA nk ;edh.

w[Zedh rZb! gzikphnK nzdo w[ZS c[ZNd/ jh nkFeh eoB u"Xo eoBs/ u"Xoh pDB dk ukn uowoKdk ofjzdk j?. fco ;kB{z ;G B{z jT[w? dhjtk eoB s/ je{ws dh p{n fybkoD dk pVk F"e j? ns/ ;kBz{ n?t/A-e?t/A fij/ jtk eoB ftu pVk ;[nkd nkT[Adk j?. fJj sK mhe j? fegzikph fiE/ th ofjzd/ jBl pZ; neb'A-Feb'A nkgDh gSkD pDk e/ ofjzd/jB. fJBQK dk jfonkDth, fjwkubh s/ oki;EkBh b'eK Bkb ;?AeV/ ;kbKs'A fJe'-fyZs/ ftu ofjD eoe// ;z;feqsh, ;fGnkuko s/ GkJhuko/ d/ gZy'Ankg;h GkJhukok j?.

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gzikphnK dh T[Zsoh Gkos ftu gqkuhB ;w/A s'A ;gs f;zX{ iK gzi BZdd/ fyZs/ ftu nkohnk ekb dh f;zX{ xkNh dh ;ZfGnsk s'A th gfjbK jVZgks/ w'jzi'dkV' ;ZfGnsk ;dek nkgDh ftbZyD gSkD j?. go fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb jh fJBQK B{z oZp'A jh nkgD/ ;wkfie GkJhuko/ ftu doik-p-doiknkgDh u"Xo dh doik-jokos dh sgF d/ ekoB ;G B{z fJe-d{i/ d/ ezwftu dyb d/D s/ NzrVh nVkT[D-c;kT[D dh iBwiks wjK-wkVh tkdhj?. FkfJd fJBQK d/ fJybke dh fJj f;ws-f;cs eoe/ jh fJj wjKpbhjB{zwkB ih d/ w[ZY edhwh Grs jB s/ fiE/ fes/ th e'Jh jZe-;Zu dk o"bkg?Adk j?, fJj T[E/ ik e/ nkgDk w'ouk bk b?Ad/ jB.

y?o! gzikphnK tb'A s/ yk; eoe/ f;Zy nkr{nK tb'A gzikph ;{p/ dh wzrfgZS/ eJh ekoBK s'A fJbktk gzikph ;wki ftu u"Xog[D/ dh u/Ne s/;odkoh eoB dh wkBf;esk dk ;G s'A tZvk o'b j?. id'A nekbhnK B/gzikph ;{pk wzfrnk sK T[Xo jfonkDthnK B/ th oh;'-oh; wko{Eb fij/fJbke/ B{z jfos-jfonkDk s/ ftFkb jfonkDk pDkT[D dh f}Zd cVbJh. fjwkubh sK gfjbK jh j}koK ;kbK s'A nbZr-EbZr j' e/ gjkVhAuVQ/ p?m/ ;B. ;' T[BQK B/ t/fynk fe i/ e'Jh G/bh c[ZN{rh sK T[BQK B{z th fJ;ftu''A e'Jh G'ok fwb{rk. fJ; tk;s/ T[BQK B/ th bzro-bzr'N/ eZ; bJ/. fJ;soQK dh nk;-T[whd ftu jfonkDk s/ fjwkub d'tK B/ gzikph ;{p/ dh wzrtkbh x[Zsh ftu nkgDk vzvk c;k fdZsk. fJ; soQK 1 Btzpo 1966 B{z id'Agzikph ;{pk pfDnk sK fJBQK d'BK gqKsK dh M'bh ftu th fpB wzfrnK jhNh;h d/ p/o tor/ fJbke/ nk fvZr/.

fJ; soQK jfonkD/ B{z wEok tkb/ gk;/ j'vb s'A nZr/ e';h Bdh sZefJXo w/tks d/ fJbke/ Bkb fdZbh dk u"frodk s/ T[Xo oki;EkB d/ f}b/M[zBMz[B{z dh jZd tZb BkoB"b, wj/AdorVQ s/ b'jko{ sZe d/ fJbke/ fwbrJ/. fJ; soQK jh gzikp B{z fjwkubh GoktK bJh fJe gk;/ vbj"}h,eKrVk, e[Zb{, wBkbh, bkj[b-;fgsh s/ d{i/ gk;/ e;"bh, ezvkxkN s/ nZr/fFwb/ sZe d/ owDhe fJbke/ SZvD/ gJ/ fe fiBQK ftu gzikph b'e nkgD/nkg B{z @okik ;kfjp# ;dkT[Ad/ ;B.

pZ; fJ; soQK nyhobh rZb fJj pDh fe gzikph ;{pk pDB Bkbfjwkub s/ jfonkDk d'B'A gqd/FK d/ d'jhA jZEhA fpB wzfrnk bZv{ nk frnk.

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nzs B{z y/socb ns/ dpdpk s/ o;{y d/ gZy s'A gzikph ;{pk nkfyoekogzikph ;{ph jh pD e/ ofj frnk j?. fJj j[;hB jkd;k e[ZM fJ; soQKtkgfonk fe fit/A fJe dzs eEk j? fe fe;/ dk pj[s G?Vk n?e;hv?AN j'frnk, T[; d/ ;ko/ ;oho B{z vkeNoK B/ gb;so ftu wVQ fdZsk. go T[;dk e'Jh gsk b?D frnk wy"bhnk fijk fwZso efjDk bZrk fe ;oho dkeh j[zdk j?, uZb' Gbk j'fJnk xZN'-xZN nZy sK puh. pZ; fJj jh gzikpdk jkb j'fJnk fe i' r[nkfJnk, T[j sK fJe gk;/ fojk, go xZN'-xZN@gzikph ;{ph# fij/ pD u[e/ gzikp dh u"Xo sK fwbh.

y?o! e[dos B{z wB}{o j? fe fJfsjk; ftu fJj' fij/ wz}o thnkT[Ad/ jB fe id'A e[ZM e[ gbK-bwfjnK dh rbsh dh ;}k ghVQh doghVQh G[rsDh g?Adh j?. w[}Zco o}wh fJ; gq;zr ftu pVk Y[ZetK s\;okeodk j? feL-

:/ ipo Gh d/yk j? skoh] eh B}o'A B/bwj'A B/ ]sk eh Eh ;dhT[A B/ ;}k gkJh

fJ; gqEkfJ gzikp d/ eEkfBe B{z fJfsjkf;e ;zdoG ftu i/ d/fynkikt/ sK gzikph ;{pk pDB dh ejkDh f;ZX/ gXo/ FpdK ftu fJT[A pDdhj? fe ni'e/ ;w/A ftu id'A w[be Bz{ n}kdh gqkgs eoB bJh ;{ophoK s/;zxoFh :'fXnK dh b'V gJh sK 85 gqshFs e[opkBhnK d/ f;jo/ s/ w"sd/ rkB/ gzikphnK d/ fjZ;/ jh nkJ/. fco id'A d/F n}kd j'fJnk sK d/Fd/ nkr{ nzdo'A-nzdohA gzikph wK d/ feo;kD g[ZsK s/ yk; eoe/ f;yK dhpjkdoh s'A G?nGhs s/ FZeh7tu nkgDh tyoh j'Ad bJh nkgD/ Xkofwef;nk;h nkr{nK dh jbkF/oh s/ Ffj Bkb y[d w[yfsnkoh s/ ;odh-pDdhu"Xo s/ je{ws wzrDh F[o{ eo fdZsh.

go e/Ado d/ f;nk;sdkB fijV/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ jw/FK jh dkBh s/ d/Djko/ j[ewokB ;wMd/ oj/ jB, T[j th fejVk xZN fyvkoh ;B ns/ T[BQKB/ th sK n?t/A jh nkgD/ tkb X[Zg/ BjhA fuZN/ ehs/ ;B. ;r'A fJ; s'A fJbktkT[BQK B/ sK bz{pV tor/ ubke nzrq/}K s'A f;nk;s dh ekohroh f;yh ;h. fJ;tk;s/ e/Adoh bhvofFg B/ fijV/ fes/ b'V t/b/ n}kdh ;zrokw t/b/ f;ZyK s/gzikphnK dh pjkdoh d/ ;'jb/ rkJ/ ;B ns/ gzikp Bz{ fJBkw-fJeokw ti'A

63

nbr y/so wzBD d/ i' ;Zu/-M{m/ tkd/ ehs/ ;B, j[D e/Ado B/ nkgD/ puBKs/ e"b-eokoK s'A w[Beo j'D ftu jh Gbk wBkfJnk.

fJ; bJh e/Ado ;oeko B/ F[o{ s'A b? e/ j[D sZe gzikphnK d/ :'rdkB B{zo'b-rd'b dh f;nk;s Bkb fwZNh-xZN/ ftu jh o'fbQnk j?. ;r'A j'o th wkVhrZb fJj j'Jh fe gzikphnK s/ yk; eoe/ f;ZyK Bz{ e/Adoh f;nk;s B/ gzikph;{p/ d/ w;b/ #s/ @Bk jK s/ Bk BKj# d/ dofwnkB UMV okj gk e/ wVQhnKd/ okj jh s'fonk. fco nyho ftu id'A pZeoh tKr{z whArDK gk e/ d[ZX d/D fijh ekotkJh ti'A gzikph ;{p/ dh wzr gqtkB th j'Jh sK fJ; ftu thr[nKYh ;{p/ @nzBQh ghj/ s/ e[Zsk uZN/# d/ nykD nB[;ko e[ZM yZN-tZN rJ/. e[Zbfwbke/ j[D sZe th ;kv/ nkgD/ jh nkek-nkr{nK dh xNhnk wkBf;esk s/rabs f;nk;h ;'u d/ ekoB nkg'-nkgDh EK jo ;{p/ ftu iB-;XkoB fJjnk; T[whd bkJh p?mk j? fe FkfJd @oki/ dh x'Vh j[D jh ;{n gt/#.

go e/Ado dh jw/FK fJj th e'fFF ojh j? fe fJ; ;pzXh rZbpks Bz{nkgD/ jZEK ftu'A eYe/ fJ; w;b/ Bz{ jZd'A-;ojZd'A gko Bk j'D fdZskikt/. fJ; dk wsbp ;gFN Bkb'A th ;gFN ;h fe gzikp ;ojZdh ;{pk j'Dd/ Bks/ jw/Fk jh Gkos dh pb-G[ik fojk j?. fJ; bJh d/F tk;s/ pkj{pbhs/ nzBdksk ti'A gzikp dh nfjwhns jw/FK ojh j?, i' fe nZi th poeokoj?. fJ; bJh e/Ado s/ gzikp dk nkg;h ;pzX F[o{ s'A j[D sZe @fdb fwb/Bk fwb/ go jkE fwbks/ ojhJ/# dh GktBk nB[;ko jh fojk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ F[o{nks ti'A e/Ado tb'A ed/ GkFkJh s/ ed/ y/soh nXko#s/ efwFBK s/ ew/NhnK d/ rmB dh etkfJd F[o{ j'Jh sK T[Xo gzikpftu gzikph ;{p/ d/ Bkw #s/ nekbh bhvofFg B/ nzdb'B s/ n?ihN/FBK F[o{eo fdZshnK. n}kdh d/ ;zrokw ftu'A ftjb/ j'J/ n}kdh x[bkNhnK dh T[d'Ae'Jh ewh BjhA ;h. ;r'A gzikp d/ feo;kDh tor d/ fijV/ p}[ore[btesh s"o #s/ i/bQ d/ gzSh pD u[e/ ;B, T[j sK j[D fe;/ ;zrokw iKn?ihN/FB s'A pr?o nkgD/ nkg Bz{ ftjbk s/ p/eko fij/ ;wM oj/ ;B.

fJ; soQK gzikp dk g/Av{ ;wki d/F iK ;{p/ bJh fe;/ th ;zeN t/b/wkBf;e s"o #s/ ;wofgs j?. yk; eoe/ nkgD/ jh n"bkd tb'A y/sh ns/xo-rqfj;Eh s'A ftjb/ ehs/ iE/dko s/ T[BQK d/ u/b/-pkbfenK dhnK c"iK

64

@i/bQ Go'# w'ofunK dh ;Zd #s/ i/bQK ftu ikD bJh ssgo p?m/ ;B.Gkt/A T[j }whBK #s/ brk y[Fj?;hnsh N?e; j't/ s/ Gkt/A gzikph ;{p/ dkw;bk j't/, gzikp dh ;koh feo;kDh nkgD/ iE/dkoK d/ wro i/bQK ftuikD bJh fsnko-po-fsnko p?mh ;h. feZ;k-e'skj, gzikphnK Bz{ S/VBkGz{vK d/ yZyo ftu tZNk wkoB torh p/te{ch j?.

nZi th nekbh db s/ T[; d/ iE/dkoK dh g[okDh ghVQh dh wkBf;esks/ ;'u T[E/ dh T[E/ jh yVh j'Jh j? fe eKro; gzikp dh ns/ yk; eoe/f;ZyK dh fto'Xh j?. fJ; tk;s/ Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh s/ nekbhdb dhnK ;oekoK B/ j[D sZe f;Zy ;wki s/ yk; eoe/ g/Av{ ;wki dh fJ;wkBf;esk dk jw/FK jh Gog{o bkjk fbnk j?. gzikp d/ feo;kDh tordh ;G s'A tZvh f;cs fJj j? fe fJj fJe pV/ f;de s/ f;oV Bkb fe;/th eFN iK e[opkBh bJh fsnko ofjzd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ nekbh;oekoK B/ feo;kD tor d/ pkj{pb s/ nbg p[ZXh dk ckfJdk fbnk j?ns/ gzikphnK dh ;"Vh ;'u s/ fBeN-fdqFNh dk ne;o jh F'FD ehsk j?.p/FZe fJj f;nk;h b'e fJ; gqEkfJ nkgD/ nkg B{z d{ofdqFNh d/ wkbe;wMd/ jB, go n;bhns fJj j? fe gzikphnK ftu nfijh c[ZN s/nkg;h XhArkw[Fsh gzikp d/ fjZsK tk;s/ nzs B{z xkse jh f;ZX j't/rh.

yk; eoe/ f;Zy ;wki r[o{ gzE dh okj #s/ i/bQK GoB s'A b? e/ f;oKd/ tkoB/ eoB dh GktBk Bkb ssgo fojk j?. fJ; tk;s/ f;Zyf;nk;sdkBK B/ e"w B{z fizB/ @i/bQK Go'# d/ c[owkB ikoh ehs/ jB, T[B/e'Jh j'o nkd/F-fBod/F BjhA fdZs/ jB. fJE'A sZe fe ;kv/ Xkofwe s/f;nk;h nkr{nK B/ gzikphnK d/ f;Zde-f;oV dh fJ; ;bkjhns Bz{eZNVtkdh wkBf;esk s/ fcoekgq;s ;'u dh ;kD uVQk e/ f;o/ dh jZd sZeG[BkfJnk s/ tofsnk j?. fco fJBQK @c"iK# dhnK ;cK dhnK ;cK B/ nkgD/nkr{nK d/ efjD #s/ nkgDk bj{-g;hBk thfNnk j?.

Bshi/ ti'A pdb u[e/ jkbksK w[skfpe j[D p/FZe ;ojZdh w'ou/ sK BK;jh go f;tb BkcowkBh tor/ w'ofunK T[s/ nekbh db dk w[Zy e/vog/Av{ ;wki nZi th pV/ ukn-wbQko f;nk;h nkgD/ w'ou/ s/ skfJBks j?i' fe bVB woB bJh fsnko-po-fsnko ofjzdk j?. p/FZe fJj rZb thpVh r"osbp j? fe ni'e/ ;w/A ftu wk;No skok f;zx d/ ;w/A s'A b? e/

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w"i{dk gqXkBK sZe fJj f;Zy gzE dk fJj g?o'eko g/Av{ ;wki nekbh dbs/ n?Z;HihHghH;h d/ gqXkBK dk j[D w[Zy s"o #s/ bkbu s/ bkb;k t; jhpoy[odko ofj frnk j?.

fBo;zd/j fJBQK B{z JhB-nXhB oZyD dk Yzr-tb N"jVk ;kfjp B{zyk;k ;h. T[BQK B/ 26 ;kb fJBQK iE/dkoK s/ toeoK dh S'Nh-w'Nho[gJ/-g?;/ dh ew}'oh B{z Gbh GKs tofsnk. fJ; ftu th e'Jh FZe BjhAfe T[BQK B/ nkgD/ fBZi s/ }ks bJh e'Jh wfjb-wkVhnK BjhA pDkJhnK,go n?Z;HihHghH;hH ekvo B{z T[BQK B/ p/fMie s/ p/yNe/ nkgDh fuo-;EkJhs/ fuoekbh gqXkBrh bJh tofsnk. f}eo:'r j? fe N"jVk ;kfjp s'AtZX i/ fe;/ B/ gzikp d/ b'eK s/ yk; s"o #s/ nekbh s/ n?Z;HihHghH;hH d/ekvoK B{z nkgD/ Bkb i'V e/ tofsnk j? sK T[j pkdb ;kfjp jh jB.

nekbh db B/ gzikph ;{p/ dh wzr d/ gfjb/ gVkn s'A b? e/ 8 wkou1967 Bz{ nkgDh gfjbh ;oeko nkgD/ gfjb/ nekbh w[Zy wzsoh i;fN;r[oBkw f;zx dh nrtkJh ftu pDke/ fJe tZvh ekw:kph jk;b ehsh.gzikphnK s/ yk; eoe/ feo;kDh tor dh fJ; soQK dh fBoSb s/fBFegN wkBf;esk dk f;nk;h nkr{nK B/ ne;o jh ckfJdk fbnk j?.fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikph ;{p/ bJh w'ou/ bkT[D s'A b? e/ j[D sZe ;zB2011 sZe gzikphnK tb'A w'ofunK dk nkgDk jh bzpk fJfsjk; j?.

yk; eoe/ y/shpkVh B{z b? e/ feo;kDh tor ftu g?dk j'Jh p/u?Bh s/gq/FkBh dk nekbh ;oekoK B/ tZvk bkjk fbnk j?. nekbh db B/feo;kDK dh y[Zb/Q tgko dh wzvh ftu j' ojh j[D sZe dh nX'rsh s/ntk}koh bJh eKro; Bz{ jw/Fk jh e;{otko mfjokfJnk j?. fJ; soQKnekbh ;oekoK B/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ fe;kBK d/ w;hjk s/ tZv/ jwkfJsh pDke/ g/F ehsk j?. fBo;zd/j fJ; soQK fe;kBK dhnK nk;K T[whdK g{ohnKeoB bJh nekbh db e[b fwbk e/ feo;kD tor dk jZck pfDnk j?,go pdbd/ ;w/A d/ Bkb ;[nkoEh ;'u tkbh bhvofFg B/ nkgDk p[Zskf}nkdk eoe/ bko/-MKf;nK Bkb jh ;kfonk j?.

g/Av{ s/ yk; s"o #s/ feo;kD b'eK dhnK nbzpodko ejkT[AdhnK d'tKgkoNhnK eKro; s/ nekbh db B/ feo;kDh s/ rohpK d/ Bkw #s/

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f;nk;s pj[sh ehsh j? s/ fJBQK torK dk ckfJdk xZN ehsk j?. ;kvhbhvofFg dh ;'u th FfjoheoB s/ tgkoheoB d/ gqGktK sfjspdbdh-pdbdh j[D pdb jh rJh j?. w"i{dk ;w/A ftu fJj b'e y[dtgkoh s/ sikosh fij/ j' e/ nkgDk T[Zb{ f;ZXk eoB fij/ wzst-we;dg{o/ eoB bJh iBsk dk F'FD eoB s'A th r[o/} BjhA eod/.

fJ; tk;s/ i/ fJ; ;ko/ gq;zr ftu gzikph ;{pk pDkT[D ns/ fJ;tk;s/ ehsh tZvh id'-ifjd Goh w[fjzw d/ b/y/ i'y/ ti'A e[b fwbk e/w[bKeD ehsk ikt/ sK pZ; ;kv/ nkgD/ jh u"b fuZN/ j[zd/ jB. gzikph ;{p/d/ ;zdoG ftu gzikp ftu fJe p'bh wFj{o j? feL-

;ko/ rfjD/ GzBe/ fJe jZ; xVkfJnkjkfJ Bh fe;ws y'NhJ/ T[j w/u Bk nkfJnk.

fJ; dk f}eo wkbtk fJfsjk; dh fibd-3 ftu ;zs pkpk ft;kykf;zx iB/sg[o tkfbnK B/ ehsk j?. fco fJ; s'A nZr/ ;kvh u"V-ukBDbhvofFg ;pzXh @pkoQhA po;hA yZND frnk ;h# fijh gqzgkfoe s/ otkfJshp'bh gzikph ;{pk pDB d/ gq;zr ftu 1947 s'A pknd 1 Btzpo 1966 sZefJT[A T[ikro j'Jh ikgdh j? fe @@T[BhA po;hA yZND rJ/ ;h, eh yZNfbnKdkl yZN e/ fbnKdk gzikph ;{pkl ;kvh bhvofFg B/ fJT[A cfVnk okje;{sk##. ;r'A Fkj w[jzwd dk n?Arb'-f;Zy izr d/ ;pzX ftu eEB @Fkjw[jzwdk g[ZSd/ b'e f;zx ih, s[;hA uzrhnK g{ohnK gk nkJ/# sK fJE/ g{oB s"o#s/ Y[Zedk j?.

p/FZe gzikph ;{pk pDke/ d[pkok s'A gzikp B{z tzv dh d'joh wko ftu'A;kT[D d/ nzfBQnK B{z sK e[ZM gqkgsh j'Jh th fd;/, go nkw b'eK B{z fJj bkGBk ed/ fdf;nk j? s/ Bk jh ed/ fd;Dk j?. ;r'A fJe j'o wkVh rZb j? few/o/ tor/ nB/eK neb d/ nzfBQnK B{z sK fJ; d/ B\/-B[e;kB dk th ed/ gskBjhA bZfrnkl T[BQK bJh sK nkN/-dkD/ dk Gkn fJe pokpo jh j?. gzikph;fGnkuko dh fJ; gqEkfJ @d/fynk oki N'jkD/ dk, fiE/ fJe' GknnkN/-dkD/ dk# ;kvh fJe g[okDh ejkts ;kv/ #s/ pVh fcZN pfjzdh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fBo;zd/j gzikp dk ;G s'A tZvk B[e;kB sK e"wh;dGktBk, ;KM/ GkJhuko/ s/ ;fGnkuko d/ gZy'A ;zB 1947 ftu j'fJnk

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;h. T[d'A sZe r?o-w[beh w[;fbw e"w Bkb ;dhnK pknd w;K-w;K Fohe/pk}h s/ yfjpk}h ;KM/ ;fGnkuko s/ GkJhuko/ ftu spdhb j'Jh ;h.;dhnK gbND pknd n;hA nkgDhnK g[okDhnK ;KMK B{z nzro/} s'A n}kdhgqkgs eoB tk;s/ ghYhnK eoBk F[o{ jh ehsk ;h fe mhe T[; ;w/AokiGkr d/ wkbe r?o-w[beh nzro/} e"w d/ FoheK B/ ;kv/ nkr{nK dhnkg;h ozfiF s/ yfjpk}h B{z d/F dh tzv dk nXko pDk e/ ;kv/ ;KM/ftjfVnK ftu ;/j dk sZebk pDk e/ rZv fdZsk.

fco 1966 ftu gzikph ;{p/ d/ Bkw #s/ jfonkDth s/ fjwkubh thoKBkb G{r'fbe s/ GkFkJh s"o #s/ tzvhnK gkJhnK rJhnK. fJ; Bkb f;zXxkNh dh ;fGnsk d/ ;w/A s'A ;gs f;zX{ d/ Bkw Bkb ikfDnk iKdk g[oksBfyZsk gfjbK 1947 s/ T[; s'A pknd 1966 ftu fco fszB fjZf;nK ftutzv e/ tb{zXo fdZsk frnk. fJ; soQK gzikp d/ ;dhnK s'A ub/ nkT[Ad/GkJhuko/ dh ;dGktBk d/ gq/w-gN'fbnK dhnK XZihnK T[vhnK s/ T[vkJhnKrJhnK. y/soh gZXo #s/ j'vb s'A b'jko{ sZe ns/ fFwb/ s'A bkj[b-;fgshsZe ikD/ iKd/ @ftFkb gzikp# B{z bho'-bho eoe/ NkehnK fij/ fszB ;{p/gzikp, jfonkDk s/ fjwkub j'Ad ftu fbnKd/ rJ/.

gzikph ;{p/ dh wzr s/ y/v dk ;kok szso-wzso nzs B{z wjkB FkfJonZdw d/ f;o\ fJe fFno d[nkok fpnkB ehsk ik ;edk j? feL-

f;oc fJe edw T[mk Ek rabs okj/-F"e w/Awzf}b swkw T[wo w[M/ Y{zvsh ojh

fco n;hA nkgD/ Xoksbh B[e;kB s'A fJbktk nkgDh ;fGnkukoeftok;s Bz{ th r[nkfJnk j?. n;hA nkgDh ;z;feqsh, nkgDh }[pkB s/nkgD/ fto;/ Bz{ th gzikph ;{p/ dhnK tzvhnK dh G/N uVQk fdsk j?.fco'}g[ohnk fJe eth fbydk j?.

SKr fdsk o[y gzikp tkbk, ezw @e?bth# n;K ewkb ehsktki wkfonK jZd j? NZg iKdh, fpBk S[oh s'A J/jBz{ jbkb ehskfto;k ;fGnkuko }[pkB G[Zb/, X'sh gkV e/ n?t/A o[wkb ehsk

fJ; oki;h y/v ftu jo fJe ;{p/ B/ ;ohAd jh ;KM/ e[dosh ;o'sKti'A ;KMh d"bs r[nkJh j?. ;kvh fJe b'e f;nkDg nB[;ko ;kB{z fuoK

68

s'A ;wMkfJnk iKdk fojk j? fe f;nkfDnK B{z ;wMkT[D bJh fJFkok jhekch j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh ;kB{z gfjbK th ;wM b?D ukjhdk ;h s/ j[D thfJj ;wMD ftu fYZb BjhA eoBh ukjhdh fe @@:{BkJhfNv th ;N?Av,vhtkJhfvv th ckb## Gkt J/esk j? sK fiZs j?, go i/ J/esk BjhA sK jkofBFfus j?. fJ; soQK jh fco ;kvh ihtB-F?bh dh ;dhnK s'A ubh nkojh ofjs-pfjs pko/ fJe j'o b'e XkoBk j? fe @tzv ykU yzv ykU,nZv ykU sK jZv ykU# fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe i/ ;kv/ ftu GkJhukfoe;KMK s/ fJeZm j? sK ykD-youD ti'A yzv jh yzv j?, go i/ gkN'-XkV j?sK ykD B{z fJe d{i/ d/ jZv jh jZv jB.

p/FZe i/ fe;/ B{z f;nk;s d/ nXko #s/ tZy'-tZyo/ ;{p/ pDkT[D dk bkGj'fJnk j? sK fJj f;oc ;kv/ oki;h s/ Xkofwe nkr{nK s/ nkek-fJwkwKB{z jh j'fJnk j?. gzikp wjkB nepo d/ ;w/A ncrkfB;skB dh jZd s'Ab? e/ w[bskB-bkj"o s/ nZr/ fjwkfbnk sZe ns/ fdZbh s'A dZyD sZec?fbnk j'fJnk ;h. T[d'A nepo d/ B"A osBK ti'A ikD/ iKd/ f;oc B"A wzsohjh j[zd/ ;B. fco r"osbp j? fe ni'e/ gzikp ftu 1947 s'A b? e/ ;zB1964 sZe w[Zy wzsoh gqskg f;zx e?o'A d/ }wkB/ ftu w[Zy wzsoh ;D/ 8iK 9 wzsoh jh oj/ jB.

go j[D sK T[bNh rzrk tfj ojh j? ns/ B" osBK s'A fes/ nZr/;zftXkfBe o'eK d/ pkti{d th jo gqKs ftu wzsohnK dh frDsh shj-ukbh sZe gj[zuh j'Jh j?. pZ;, f;nk;sdkBK, wzsoh wzvb s/ f;nk;h b'eKdh jh uKdh j? s/ pkeh ;koh iBsk sK fJBQK dh pKdh j?. fJ; bJh j[Dnkw b'e s/ yk; eoe/ raohph dh o/yk s'A EZb/ ofj rJ/ nZe/ s/ d[yhJ/ b'esK ;oekoK dh ekor[}koh s/ n?bkBK s'A fuVQ e/ wzsohnK B{z jho/-itkjo,osB iK bkb efjD dh EK g[oksB b'e ejkDh d/ @nbh pkpk s/ ukbhu'oK# Bkb sFphj d/D bZr gJ/ jB.

p/FZe fszB gqKs nbZr-nbZr pDB eoe/ f;nk;h b'eK s/ yk; eoe/bhvoK s/ nc;oK dhnK nj[d/dkohnK sK pj[s tXhnK jB, fiBQK eoe/T[BQK d/ Bkb T[BQK d/ yDtkd/ th so rJ/ jB. go ;w[Zuh gzikphns,gzikph GkFk s/ ;fGnkuko Bkb dhtkbhJ/gD torh wzdh jkbs j'Jh j?.ftFkb s/ y[Fjkb gzikp dk ;zebg pZ; fJe ;[gBk pD e/ jh ofj frnk

69

j?. e[Zb fwbk e/ gzikphnK dh jkbs @BQksh-X'sh ofj rJh s/ w{zj #s/ wZyhpfj rJh# fijh jh pDh j'Jh j?. ntkw B{z id'A sZe f;nk;s dh fJ;Fsozih y/v dk frnkB j'fJnk, T[d'A sZe b'e sK eh ;r'A gzikp d/ wjkoEhf;nk;sdkB th wjKGkos d/ jko/ i[nkohnK tKr jZE wbd/ jh fd;/. goid'A fuVhnK B/ gfjbK jh y/s u[r fbnk j't/ sK j[D gSskJ/ eh pDBk;h. pZ; nzs B{z gzikp d/ b'eK d/ gZb/ Go/-g{o/ dkfDnK d/ p'jb ftu'A e'JhwkVk-w'Nk dkDk-d[Dek jh gzikph ;{p/ d/ o{g ftu fgnk j?.

y??o! j[D th gzEe ;'u d/ wkbe s/ f;nk;h XV/ jkb/ th ed/ edkJhAeKro;h ;oeko B{z wfj} GzvD dh ykso jkb gkfoQnk eod/ jB. pZ;j[D fijVk GkDk tos u[ek j?, T[; ;pzXh sK fJj jh ;wMD dh b'V j?fe ;kvh nkgDh eos{shA nkg ;j/Vh w[;hps d/ ekoB fijVh @;[Eoh#gzikp Bkb j'Jh j?, T[j fe;/ d[FwD Bkb th Bk j't//. n;hA uzr/ Gb/t;d/-o;d/ fit/A T[yV/-T[iV/ jK ns/ fi; soQK ;kvk M[Zrk u"V j'fJnk j?,fJ; bJh pZ; @nkg/ ckEVhJ/ s?B{z e"D S[vkt/# fijh wB-gqukT[DhnkgD/-nkg B{z j[D d/Dh pDdh j?.

;r'A nzdo'-nzdohA gzikp d/ w[Zd/-wkwfbnK ;pzXh i' p/n;o fwZmhnKr'bhnK ;kB{z fwbdhnK ofjzdhnK jB, T[; nB[;ko sK ;w[Zuh gzikphnsB{z j[D pkeh gqKsK dh iBsk B{z @i?;/ w?A T[iVh j{z, n?;/ Bk T[iV/ e'Jh# fijkt/dBk Gog{o ;zEk jh ;wMkT[Dh pDdh j?. ub'! fco th @v[ZbQ/ p/oK dkjkb/ th e[ZM BjhA ftrfVnk# pFos/ ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{ jkb/ th gzikp dhpdjkbh s/ wzdjkbh #s/ okiBhsh eoBh SZv d/D ns/ fJe d{i/ #s/ s'jwsKs/ d{FD bkT[D/ pzd eo d/D. go fJj th Bzrh-fuZNh jehes j? fe ;kv/nkr{ b'eK dk p[ZX{ pDke/ nkgDh r[Zbh dD gkT[D s/ f;nk;h pZxK wkoBs'A pk} BjhA nk ;ed/.

;r'A ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe ;kv/ nkek-fJwkw nkgDh ehsh eoBh d/yfwnk}/ s/ gFukskg ti'A nkgDh oki;h e[o;h dh fuzsk s'A T[go T[m e/fdnkBsdkoh s/ B/e-Bhns okiBhsh Bkb d/F ftu gzikp s/ gzikphnsdk f;zxk;B T[Zuk eoB dh fceo eoB. fco gzikp d/ wkD s/ ;BwkBB{z ;Zs/ y?oK jB feT[Afe gzikp d/ b'e jkb/ th n"y/ ;fwnK d/ jkDh s/ n"y/gzXK d/ okjh pDB i'r/ jB. fJj j[D th @fjzws/ wodK wdd-J/-y[dk#

70

fij/ nkdoFK d/ XkoBh jB. gzikph jkb/ th nkgD/ r[o{nK-ghoK s/ jkFwfij/ oZp d/ pzfdnK d/ ;[y-;[yB @jkFw fis B;hp T[BQK B{z fizBQKfjzws :ko pDkJh# d/ ekfJb jB. go Fos fJj j? fe ;kv/ nkgD/jh ejkT[Ad/ Xkofwe ofjpo s/ f;nk;h nkr{ gzikphnK B{z fco d[pkokn"MV okj gk e/ fJBQK pjkdo fwjBseFK s'A fes/ nkgD/ T[b{ jh f;ZX/Bk eotkT[Ad/ ofjD, ;r'A gzikp d/ fwjBsh fe;kBK, w}d{oK s/ yk; eoe/p/o[}rko B"itkBK dh ]po;ko b? e/ T[BQK B{z soko/ ftu eoB.

j[D ;fGnkuko s/ GkFk dh rZb eohJ/ fe fi; gzikph GkFk d/ nXko#s/ fJj fJzBh tZvh fiZs gqkgs ehsh rJh ;hl T[j wK p'bh jh j[D r?ow[beh GkFk nzro/}h dh ;"AeD pD-pDk rJh j?. ;kv/ wjkB g[ofynK dhftok;s ;kv/ FkBkwZs/ ;fGnkuko dh rZb i/ toQ/-fSwkjh fgZS'A ykBkg{oshti'A fe;/ fdB fdjko #s/ n;hA eod/ th jK sK T[; B{z ;wMD tkb/ b'es/ ;o's/ jh BjhA ofj rJ/.

;'! gzikph, gzikphns s/ gzikph ;fGnkuko ;pzXh w;b/ ns/ ;kvhnwho ;z;feqsh dh g[Bo ;[oihsh sK j[D fe;wsh b/y/ pD u[eh j?. fJ;nB[;ko sK j[D ;Zuw[Zu jh fJT[A brdk j? fe gzikph p'bh s/ gzikph;fGnkuko dk GftZy tXh-xNh dk jh b/yk pD frnk j?. fJ; gqEkfJfw;kb ti'A ;kv/ r[o{nK-ghoK s/ FjhdK s/ n}kdh d/ ;zxoFh :'fXnKdhnK e[opkBhnK s/ xkbDk ns/ ;kvhnK ;wkfie s/ B?fse edoK-ehwsKsK ;kB{z ed'A dhnK ft;o rJhnK jB. w[Zedh rZb! ;kv/ oZi/-g[Zi/ s/gfjB/-gZuo/ gzikph ;wki tk;s/ j[D ;dkuko, nkuko, nkuoD s/nB[Fk;B fijhnK Bk:kp wkBth edoK-ehwsK p/b'VhnK pD rJhnK jB.n;hA G[Zb jh rJ/ jK fe e"wh ;t?wkD fejVh fuVh dk BKn j[zdk j?.

fJj fJe e;?bh ;ZukJh j? fe wK p'bh gzikph dh nkgD/ g[ZsK d/ jZE'Ajh d[orsh j' ojh j?. ;Zu ne;o e"Vk j[zdk j? s/ fJ; B{z efjD-;[DBdh e[VZsD j'o th f}nkdk j[zdh j?. :{B?;e' dhnK ftFt gZXoh ;ot/fog'oNK w[skfpe @gzikph p'bh d[BhnK d/ GkFk ;z;ko ftu 13t/A ;EkB#s/ j'D d/ pkti{d th 50e[ ;kb ftu nb'g j' ikt/rh.# jkb dh xVh sK;z;ko dhnK pkeh GkFktK ns/ yk; s"o #s/ fJzrb?Av s/ e?B/vk ftufJzrfbF sK j}koK }[pkBK dh ;kekukoh ftu gzikph p'bh B{z sK G{nk tKr{z

71

wzBdhnK jB. go n;hA y[d gzikph b'eK B/ fJ; ;ZukJh s'A gsk BjhA feT[Ax/;b fijh tZNh j'Jh j? ns/ nkgDh wK p'bh gzikph dh ;"AeD nzro/}hGkFk B{z nzp'-nzp' efjzd/ fcod/ jK.

fJ; soQK jh fi; wK p'bh gzikph d/ nXko #s/ gzikp d/ ;kpek w[Zywzsoh Ghw ;/B ;Zuo d/ ckow{b/ nB[;ko n;hA w{zj'A wzr e/ y/soh gZXo dhy[dw[yfsnkoh jk;b ehsh rJh ;h, nZi T[; wK p'bh B{z jh n;hA d[sekos/ ft;ko fdZsk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu gq'H jwdodtho B"Ffjoth dk eEBnkgk uhBD dh ro} Bkb pj[s jh nZyK y'bQD tkbk j?. T[BQK nB[;ko,@@gzikph GkFk B{z ;G s'A tZvk MNek 1966 ftu bZrk. gzikph fijVhfdZbh dhnK po{jK sZe oki eodh ;h ns/ fFwb/ dhnK u'NhnK sZe gVQh-fbyh iKdh ;hl j[D T[j gzikph okig[ok s'A nZr/ wBhwkiok sZe jh gokJhj' u[eh j?. uZb' Gbk j't/! T[; ;w/A d/ w[Zy wzsoh bSwD f;zx frZb dkfiBQK B/ fe 1966-67 ftu nkgD/ 10 e[ wjhB/ d/ oki Gkr ftu jhgzikph oki GkFk n?eN sK gk; eotk fdZsk ;h.

go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe T[BQK s'A pknd 9 e[ F/o/ gzikp s/ gzE osBejkT[D d/ ukjtkB w[Zy wzsoh rZdh-BFhB j'J/, go Bk sK gzikph GkFkB{z oki GkFk dk doik fdtkT[D tkbk fJj jkb/ sZe n?eN bkr{ j' ;fenkj? s/ Bk jh ;kvh gzikph wK p'bh ;jh o{g ftu ;kvh oki GkFk jh pD;eh j?. ;r'A f;Zsw dh rZb j? fe B"eoFkjK dh @uZb j'T{# torh p/o[yhs/ oki;h nkr{nK dh @nkgK B{z eh# torh r\bs s/ nDrfjbh ti'Agzikph GkFk s/ ftfdne ;[XkoK bJh eJh ew/NhnK dhnK fog'oN d/pkti{d th e'Jh th Bhsh ;jh s"o #s/ bkr{ BjhA j' ;eh.

p/FZe ;zB 1949 ftu Ghw ;?B ;Zuo tb'A GkFkJh ckow{b/ s'A pkndgzikph GkFk B{z fJ; dk pDdk ;EkB s/ ;BwkB fdtkT[D bJh nB/eK jhekBcoz;K s/ eBt?BFBK j[D sZe j' u[ehnK jB. go gzikph GkFk dkgoBkbk T[E/ dk T[E/ jh fojk j?. ]?o! Gbk j't/ ;kpek w[Zy wzsoh gzikp;qH bSwD f;zx frZb dk fe fi; B/ fe ;zB 1969 ftu nkgD/ nbg fij/okiGkr ;w/A dcsoK ftu n}kdh fwbD s'A 22 ;kb pknd sZe th gqXkBub ojh nzro/}h GkFk dh EK gzikph GkFk B{z bkr{ ehsk. p/FZe T[; s'Apknd seohpB jo ;oeko B/ ed/ nzro/}h s/ ed/-edkJhA gzikph GkFk

72

bkr{ eoB dh nZX-guZXh fijh e'fFF ehsh j? ns/ j[D th ed/ s'bk s/ed/ wkFk dh y/v wstkso uZb ojh j?.

go r"osbp j? fe gzikp s/ gzikphns dh ;G s'A tZvh nbzpodkoejkT[Adh gzEe ;oeko th gzikph B{z fJ; dk jZe-pikfBp ;EkB s/ okiGkFk j'D dk ;jh jZe fdtkT[D ftu Bkekw ;kfps j'Jh j?. wzfBnk fee/Adoh w;fbnK pko/ sK c?;b/ s/ n?bkBBkw/ gzikp ;oeko d/ t; s'Apkjo jB, go gzikph GkFk B{z gzikp ftu bkr{ Bk eoBk ;oeko dhew}'oh s/ e[skjh dh s;tho ns/ gqFk;B d/ y'yb/gD s/ p'd/gD dk w{zjp'bdk Bw{Bk j?. fJ; d/ T[bN T[ZXo gkfe;skB ftu ;kv/ gzikph;kfjsekoK thoK d/ nFe/ ikJhJ/ fe pkpk B}wh tor/ sK T[E'A d/ f;Zfynkwzsoh y[oFhd Fkj T[oc Fhd/ Fkj B{z fJE'A sZe tzrko fdzd/ jB feL-

nkgD/ w{zj B{z vZek bk UfJ Fhd/ Fkj, fJzi Bk ngDk eZd tXk U Fhd/ FkjfBzfdnk w/oh wK p'bh dh eo e/ s{z, fdsh nkgDh iks ftyk UfJ Fhd/ Fkj

j?okBh dh rZb j? fe fJ; fdFk ftu id'A ;kvhnK ;oekoK,:{Bhtof;NhnK, ;oekoh ndkfonK s/ F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nhnzfwqs;o iK fdZbh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh B{z gq?eNheb gZXo #s/ e'Jhm'; ezw eoB dh nghb iK dbhb fdZsh iKdh j? sK gsk BjhA T[BQK B{z ehfpZbh fBZS iKdh j?< fco gsk BjhA feT[A e"w d/ fJj nfjw s/ Gyd/ w;b/jw/FK tKr mzv/ p;fsnK s/ e'bv ;N'oK ftu bZr iKd/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJyk; s"o #s/ f}eo:'r j? fe ;oeko ns/ F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/Nh nzfwqs;o s/ fdZbh d'tK w'joh ;z;EktK tb'A gzikp d/ fJfsjk; s/;kfjs B{z ;jh gfog/y ftu nkw b'eK sZe Bk gj[zukT[D dh e'skjh thpj[s wko{ f;ZX j' ojh j?. go fJj ;G x'rbezBh fijh tZN e/ gsk BjhAfeT[A Yhm fwZNh jh pD/ j'J/ jB. ;kvh ;w[Zuh e"w ;fGnkuko, ;dkukos/ B?fse gZy'A fBxodh ik ojh j?. go ;wM BjhA nkT[Adh fe ;kv/Xkofwe, ;wkfie, okiBhfse nkr{ s/ p[ZXhihth seohpB ;ko/ d/ ;ko/jh feT[A x'r/ s/ p[ZX{ fij/ pD e/ @uZb j'T{ nkgK B{z eh# torh w[jkoBhgVQh ik oj/ jB.

p/FZe efjD B{z sK n;hA efjzd/ jK fe ;kvh wK p'bh gzikph ;GGkFktK s'A fwZmh s/ o;hbh j?. go w"i{dk jkbksK ftu ;ko/ gzikphnK dk

73

fJj y'ybk fijk dkntk jh pD e/ ofj frnk j?. yk; s"o #s// e"w d/nkr{nK bJh sK fJj jowB fgnko/ dwri/ tork p/noE fijk BknokpD u[ek j?. p/FZe p[ZXhihth s/ ftdtkB th gzikph GkFk dh jz[dVj/bsks/ ;obsk d/ w[dZJh jBl go id'A fJ; gZy'A ;kv/ eko-ftjko s/ nwbK dhp?ArDh T[xVdh j? sK ;kv/ xo'A s'A d\soK sZe s/ nZr/ ;oeko/-dopko/ns/ fco d[BhnK dhnK uj[ze{NK ftu ;kvh wK p'bh gzikph sK gqsZy s"o#s/ ;kvh wso/Jh wK nzro/}h GkFk d/ i'V/ MkVdh fcodh fd;dh j?. fcofJ; s'A nZr/ n;hA nkg jh ;'u e/ t/yhJ/ s/ ;zr wzBhJ/ fe gzikph wK p'bhdh d[orsh fJ; s'A tZX j'o eh j't/rh<

fJ; gqEkfJ nZi ;w/A dh ;G s'A tZvh wzr fJj j? fe gzikph p'bh s/gzikph ;fGnkuko B{z g[Bo ;[oihs eoB bJh fJ; B{z b'e u/sBk s/ b'ebfjo dk o{g fdZsk ikt/. jK, :kd nkfJnk fJe tkoh gzikph GkFk B{zbkr{ eokT[D tk;s/ 1990 d/ eohp sK rtoBoh o{b d/ ;w/A uhc ;?eNohnihs f;zx uZmk d/ nfjd ftu fJe jtkJh ckfJo tork oks-poks/j[ew nkfJnk ;h fe i/ dcsoK ftu gzikph Bk bkr{ ehsh rJh sK T[BQKtor/ gzi tZv/-tZv/ f;oK tkb/ nc;oK d/ f;o ebw eo fdZs/ ikDr/. pZ;fco eh ;h oZp M{m Bk p[bkt/ oks'-oks dcsoK d/ ;kJhB p'ov s/ fJE'AsZe fe B/w gb/NK ns/ @B' ;w'fezr# tkbhnK cZNhnK th gzikph ftu j'rJhnK. y?o! b'eK B/ ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA jh nzro/}h GkFk d/ cZN/ oks'-okso/fVQnK #s/ bZd/ iKd/ t/y/.

pZ; T[d'A ;ko/ ;oekoh nc;oK s/ eowukohnK B/ ckJhbK #s/ B'fNzrs/ T[; T[s/ nkgD/ nzro/}h d;sysK dh EK gzikph d;sys eoB/ F[o{ eofdZs/. eJh nc;oK B/ Bt/A-Bt/A f;y/ gzikph d;sysK d/ ekoB nkgD/ BkwB{z nkgD/-nkg jh ftrkV e/ jk;'-jhDh ;fEsh g?dk eo bJh ;h. fw;kbti'A eJh jwksV ;kEhnK B/ pokV B{z prV, ufjb B{z u?b, fYZb'A B{z Yhb'A,YhAv;k B{z vhAv;k, fEzd B{z fEzv ns/ p?A; B{z G?A; pDk fbnk.

fco fJ; s'A fJbktk pkeh ckJhbK ftu gzikph dh B'fNzr dh fJpkosfbyD t/b/ sK g[ZS' jh Bk fe eh-eh xkb/-wkb/ j'J/. T[; ;w/A gzikph GkFkB{z bkr{ eoB dk fJj G?n Bk sK oZp dk ;h ns/ Bk jh fJj ;fjwrtoBoh x;[zB dk ;h. ;r'A fJj vo sK @oZp B/V/ fe x;[zB# d/ nykD

74

nB[;ko ykVe{tkd d/ oki dk ;h. y?o! oZp fwjo jh oZy/, T[d'A sK wktKth nkgD/ nc;o g[ZsK dh d[odFk t/y e/ sqfj-sqfj eo T[mhnK ;B.

y?o! fgSb/ eJh djkfenK ftu fBo;zd/j ;kvhnK tZvhnK-tZvhnKnkofEe s/ ;wkfie gqkgshnK y/shpkVh dh joh eqKsh ns/ d[ZX d/ fuZN/fJBebkp d/ o{g ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nkJhnK jB. fiBQK ;dek gzikp d/noEuko/ ftu fJe T[Skb nkfJnk ;h s/ n;hA @;w/A d/ jkDh# pD/ rJ/ ;h.go fJ; @BhU-foZu# Gkt oks'-oks fwbh nwhoh dk ;kv/ fBZih ihtBKftu fJe wkVk T[Gko nkfJnk fe fi; Bkb ;kvh gqzgkfoe }whBh ;'us/ ;kdrh ;kvh tgkfoe fijh fdqFNh ftu spdhb j' e/ nekFh T[vkohnKwkoB bZr gJh. n;hA fwjBs w[FZes dk ihtB SZv e/ ;[Zy nokw tkbhihtB-F?bh s/ fsikosh ;'u d/ XkoBh pD rJ/. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fBZih;owkJ/dkoh, niko/dkoh s/ g?;/ dh gkrb d"V ftu id'A s'A ;kvh ;'u dh@;dh gbNh# j?, pZ; T[d'A s'A jh n;hA efEs s"o #s/ nkgD/ nkg B{z @N[zvhbkN# Gkt rtoBo ;wMD bZr gJ/ jK.

go ;'uD-;wMD tkbh rZb fJj th j? fe ;w/A d/ gqtkj s/ gqkgshnKd/ t/r ubd/ tjhoK tKr j[zd/ jB, i/ fJBQK B{z b'e fjZs ftu ;zGb-;zGkbe/ Bk tofsnk ikt/ sK fJj :{-NoB wkoe/ todkB dh EK Fokg th pDiKd/ jB. fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp ftu jo/ s/ fuZN/ fJBebkp d/ nzfwqsgkDhnK s'A pknd @BF/-gZs/ dk mkmK wkodk S/tK dfonk# j[D fJ; XkoBkdh fiT{Adh ikrdh fw;kb pD u[ek j?.

fco f;Zsw fJj j? fe j[D gzikp i' fe nkgD/-nkg B{z E'VQk ;wKgfjbK nzBdksk s/ pb-G[ik ejkT[Adk-;dkT[Adk ;hl j[D p/o[}rkoh,fGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh s/ nkofEe ;zeNK dk y[d fFeko j?. gzikp dhi[nkBh fi; d/ pbp{s/ n;hA ed/ d/F dh pb-G[ik s/ d/F d/ oky/ ejkT[Ad/ ;h,nZi fJj B"itkBh y[d jh fJzBh ew}'o, fBokF s/ ntk}ko j' rJh j? fefJj j[D c"i iK g[fb; ftu Gosh j'D dh ;ohfoe ;woEk s/dw-yw th BjhA oZydh.

y?o! jkb/ th r[o{ dh feogk j? fe ;kv/ B"itkB fJziBhnfozr s/ w?vhebfij/ ftfdne y/so ftu fe;/ s'A fgZS/ BjhA jB. go fJ; d/ pkti{d th;kv/ S'N/ fij/ pD u[e/ gzikph ;{p/ ftu ;oekoK fJBQK dh nDd/yh eoe/ fJBQK

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B{z o'Nh, eZgVk s/ wekB fijhnK p[fBnkdh }o{osK g{ohnK eoB bJh o[}rkod/ w"e/ th w[jZJhnk BjhA eotk ojhnK. w[Zy s"o #s/ fJ; ekoB eoe/ jh j[DfJBQK fdFkjhD s/ nrtkJh ofjs B"itkB ftfdnkoEhnK d/ g{oK d/ g{o ftd/FK B{z tjhoK xZs oj/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh j[D gzikp dh nzBdksk feo;kDh dh j'Dh j[D wzrfsnK dhnDj'Dh B{z g[Zi u[eh j?. y/sh dh bkrs s/ T[sgkdB ftu F[o{ s'A jh e'Jh

;zs[bB-stk}B Bk j'D eoe/ j[D y/sh bkj/tzd ;"dk pDB pikJ/ dojehesxkN/ tkbk tDi pD u[eh j?. y?o! fJ; ftu th oZsh Go FZe BjhA fe f;ocfeo;kD tor jh BjhA, ;r'A ;w[Zuk g/Av{ tor th fwjBs, f;oVQ s/ ;po-;zs'y dk gZbk SZv p?mk j?. e[BhB torh e"Vh ;ZukJh fJj j? fe ;kohgzikphns jh j[D oh;'-oh; c?b;{chnK s/ c?FBK d/ nfVZe/ uVQ e/ gzikph;wki dhnK ftbZyD s/ ;t?wkDh edoK-ehwsK s'A GNe rJh j?l fi; eoe/j[D gzikphnK dh @j'Ad s/ gSkD# dk p[fBnkdh w;bk th ekb o{g Xko e/ w{zjnZvhA yVQk j?.

f;Zsw sK fJj j? fe gzikp s/ gzikphns d/ ftek; s/ y[Fjkbh dhnKNkjoK wkoB s/ n?bkBBkw/ eoB tkfbnK nkr{nK B{z th fJ; rZb dk e'Jhfceo-ckek BjhA j? fe e"w fBxodh-fBxodh j[D o;ksb tZb B{z ik ojhj?. pZ; ;kvh ;G dh ;'u th fJE/ e[ jh yVQh j? fe @e'Jh wo/ s/ e'Jh iht/;[Eok x'b gsk;/ ght/.# fJ; soQK ;kvh ;G dh s/ yk; s"o #s/ ;kv/ nkr{nKdh ;'uDh d/F Grsh s/ b'e ;/tk s'A fEVe e/ gfotko-gqrsh s/ i/p ;/tkjh pD rJh j?. T[BQK dk nkgDk @e[o;h oki# ekfJw ofjDk ukjhdk j?, pkehGkt/A ;kok gzikp gjkV #u ikt/.

fJ; tk;s/ fJe gk;/ gzikp ftu ;otgZyh ftek; d/ Bkw #s/ oki ;Zsktkb/ gkf;UA n?bkBBkw/ j[zd/ jB sK d{i/ gk;/ fto'Xh fXo tb'A Gzvh gquko ti'Aoki ;Zsk tkbh gkoNh d/ fGqFNkuko s/ GkJh-Gshiktkd d/ fybkc gszrpk}hfijh d{FDpk}h Bkb f;nk;sh p'-ekNk j[zdk j?. gzikp ftu fJe d{i/ d/fto[ZX Gzvh gquko d/ d[tZb/ s/ fse'D/ w[ekpb/ ekch fuo s'A uZb oj/ jB.oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh y/sh, o[}rko, eo}/ s/ ;pf;vhnK d/ w;b/ #s/ jofdB jo o'} e/Ado ;oeko B{z gkDh gh-gh e/ e';dh s/ Gzvdh ofjzdh j?.

c/o gzikp ftu i/ fGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh s/ BfFnK-gZfsnK dk e'Mk

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toskok BjhA o[e fojk sK th fJ; dk m[zDk gzikp ;oeko tb'AnkBh-pjkBh e/Ado ;oeko d/ f;o jh GzfBnk iKdk j?. fJE'A sZe fe i/gzikp ftu rowh tXD eoe/ fpibh d/ eZN tX ikD iK fco whAj g?DBkb jVQ nk ikD sK pZ; d'B'A jkbsK ftu jh fJ; ;G ek;/ bJh e/Ado;oeko B{z jh f}zw/tko mfjok fdZsk iKdk j?. fco eKro; dh e/Ado;oeko s/ gzikp ftubh eKro;h bhvofFg gbNtko eoB ti'A oki;Zsktkbh ;oeko #s/ d{FDpk}h dh uKdwkoh fijh p[SkV eoe/ rmi'VtkbhnK nekbh s/ Gkigk d'B'A jh gkoNhnK d/ rmi'V s/ rzYs[Zg dh fBZsfdjkV/ wzih m'edhnK ofjzdhnK jB.

fJ; soQK jh r"osbp j? fe gzikp ;oeko s/ e/Ado dk nkg;hfoFsk gzikph ;{p/ d/ ;w/A s'A jh @fJe' ;kj ed/ mzvk s/ ed/ sZsk# Gkt ed/fgnko s/ ed/ Bcos tkbk pfDnk j'fJnk j?. id'A p/o[}rkoh s/ G[ywohd/ ekoB gkDh g[bK s'A T[go bzxdk ikgdk j? sK e/Ado ;oeko b'eGbkJh dhnK e/Adoh ;ehwK d[nkok gzikp Bz{ g?f;nK dh Mkb-M'e fJT[Afdzdh j? fe fit/A ftnkj #s/ BkBfenK tkb/ g?f;nK dh S's eo oj/ j'D.fJ; ;ko/ ekoftjko ftu ed/ fJe gk;/ gzikp ;oeko e/Ado Bz{ d'F fdzdhj? fe ;kBz{ fBFfus ;w/A #s/ g{ok g?;k BjhA fwb fojk. d{i/ gk;/ e/Ado;oeko jZe pikBp jh gzikp ;oeko B{z gfjbK fdZshnK rJhnK;pf;vhnK s/ eof}nK ;pzXh @tos'A ;oNhche/N# s/ j'o fj;kp-feskpg[Sdh j? sK rohph s/ p/o[}rkoh d/ w[Zy w[Zd/ sK nZy go'y/ j' iKd/ jB ns/;oekoh fe;w dh r?o }o{oh d{FDpk}h s/ Y[Zuopk}h dk BtK jh N?ANk-fNNt?o fSV iKdk j?.

fJ; soQK fJj ne;o jh j[zdk ofjzdk j? ns/ gzikp ;oeko dkb/yk-i'yk jw/Fk jh T[yfVnk ofjzdk j? feT[Afe gzikp tkb/ fJXo d/ czvT[Xo s/ T[Xo d/ g?;/ fJXo x[zwkT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kv/f;nk;h wjKg"o g/Av{ ftek; s/ wBo/rk ;ehwK d/ tk;s/ e/Ado tb'A fdZs/czvK B{z @;zrs doFBK# ftu gzukfJsK s/ yk; eoe/ nkgD/ XV/ d/ ;ogzuKBz{ wkfJnk d/ rfcnK d/ o{g ftu yZbhA-y{zihA tkV fdzd/ jB. eZ[b fwbk e/;oeko d/ y}kB/ ftu b/y/-i'y/ d/ nfij/ ekDK B/ gzikp d/ piN Bz{ rohpwok;h dh uko/ u{bK s'A fjbh wzih tKrz{ jh pDk fdZsk j?.

77

fJE/ w?Bz{ nkgDh fJe pVh Y[ethA gfotkfoe rZb :kd nk rJh j?.w/o/ gkgk ih s/ phih rohpK bJh pVh jwdodkBK ;'u s/ gjz[u oyd/ ;B.;kv/ xo fJe wkV{nk fijk fdjkVhnk jz[dk ;h. w/o/ gkgk ih T[; Bz{ uzrhy[oke s/ fxT[ tk;s/ 1970ftnK ftu wfjzrkJh d/ gy'A GfbnK t/fbnKftu th 30 o[gJ/ wjhBk wfj} wdd tKrz{ jh fdzd/ j[zd/ ;B. y?o! d' e[wjhB/ s'A pknd gsk ufbnk fe T[; ;ZiD B/ sK w{zj Bz{ ed/ fxT[ bk e/th BjhA t/fynk ;h feT[Afe T[j fJj g?;k phVh-f;roN, }od/ s/ G[Zehnkfd #s/ jh you fdzdk ;h. id'A T[; Bz{ fJ; dk ekoB gZ[fSnk frnk sKT[j efjD bZrk fe ;odko ihl w?A sK j[D id'A wkVk-w'Nk BFk-gZskeodk jK sK c/o w/o/ fes/ jZv-r'v/ i[Vd/ jB ns/ w?A fdjkVh-dZgk eoBi'rk jz[dk jK. fJ; bJh j[D w?Bz{ fxT[ eh sko{rk. p; fJj jkbs jh j[Dgzikp ;oeko d/ noEuko/ dh pDh j'Jh j? feT[Afe j[D eo} sK eh ;r'A;kE'A sK eo} dk ftnki jh BjhA fdZsk iKdkl fco ftek; dh rZb sKfes/ pknd ftu nkT[Adh j?.

w?A ;wMdk jK fe w[beK s/ gqKsK d/ w?eo' Gkt tZv/ gZXo d/ piN,nkwdB-you s/ b/y/-i'y/ f;XKfse s"o #s/ wkJheo' Gkt S'N/ gXo s/rohph-dknt/ d/ xo/b{ nkwdB-yofunK tKr jh j[zd/ jB. fJ; soQK j[Dgzikp d/ xkN/ tkb/ piN dh jkbs th fdjkVhdkoK d/ ihtB fBotkj tkb/piN torh pDh j'Jh j?. ;oeko, wfB;No s/ nc;o dk ezw ubkT[DbJh piN ftu oy/ fJe ;ehw d/ g?;/ Bz{ d{i/ gk;/ tosD bJh fwzN jhwkod/ jB, fi; Bkb e/ ;ko/ ;kb dk piN vktK-v'b j' iKdk j?. fJ;soQK piN ftu s'V-GzB s/ ndbk-pdbh d/ ekoB ub oj/ xkN/ d/ piN;oeko dh wip{oh pD u[e/ jB.

fco nfij/ noEuko/ s/ G[Zy-Bzr dh bVkJh ftu fto'Xh gkoNh Bz{ikfJ}-BikfJ} d{FDpk}h eoB dk tkX{ w"ek fwb iKdk j?. j'o sK j'o,noEFk;so d/ frnkB s'A ftj{D/ jwksV Bzr-wbzr ;kEh th noEuko/pko/ gq?Z; ;N/Nw?ANK ikoh eoB br g?Ad/ jB. pZ; w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fefJe fXo e[o;h pukT[D bJh s/ d{ih fXo e[o;h jfEnkT[D bJh fJed{i/ #s/ ;[GQk-Fkw rZse/-GbZE/ d/ fyvkohnK tKr{z tko s/ gbNtkoeodhnK ofjzdhnK jB.

78

fJe fdB fJe gkoNh tb'A r[b/b-r[b/fbnK fijh fpnkBpk}h Bkbd{ih gkoNh #s/ fBFkB/ c[zv/ iKd/ jB ns/ d{i/ fdB itkph jwb/ ti'A sho-s[czrK ti'A fsZy/ fpnkB d{ih gkoNh tb'A SZv/ iKd/ jB. fJe d{i/ Bz{ nkgDhghVQh EZb/ ;'Nk c/oB dh B;hns ehsh iKdh j?, go Bk sK fJj f;nk;hb'e nkgDh ghVQh Eb/ p"jeo-p[jkoh eod/ jB ns/ Bk jh d{i/ dh ghVQhEZb/ ;'Nk c/od/ jB. p; ;ZukJh fJj j? fe f;nk;h pzfdnK B/ b'eK Bz{nkgD/ fJ; nkg;h fwZm/ x'b-nykV/ d/ w{e doFe pDk ofynk j?.

fJBQK ;ko/ f;nk;h b'eK tb'A fJe d{i/ B{z gzikp d/ uZb oj/ ;wkfies/ nkofEe ;zskg bJh e;{otko mfjokT[D s/ gzikp dh nDj'Dh bJhf}zw/tko rodkBD bJh p/wsbp s/ g[Zmh fijh y/v ekch fuo s'A uZb ojhj?. pZ; iBsk nfijk toskok d/ydh s/ ;[Ddh pZ; ;[zB fijh j' u[eh j?.fe;/ gkoNh iK f;nk;h pzd/ #s/ bZr/ oj/ f;nk;h d{FDK dk j[D iBsk #s/n;o j'Dk jh pzd j' frnk j?. ;r'A j[D nypkoK s/ NhHthH okjhA j[D d'B'gkf;UA s'A j' ojh fJj d{FDpk}h j[D b'eK tk;s/ pZ; fJe @NkJhw gk;#tork wBgquktk pD frnk j?. fJ; soQK jh Gkt/A fJj rZb e"Vh j?, gofJ; ftu iBsk dk th e'Jh xZN e;{o BjhA j?, fijVh fe y[d d/F gq/wdh GktBk, B?fse edoK-ehwsK, ;dkuko s/ nB[Fk;B s'A fEVe u[eh j?.

fco fJ; ;zdoG ftu gq?Z; s/ fJb?eNqkfBe whvhnk b'eszso dk u"Ekg"Vk j'D ti'A nkgDk ;koEe :'rdkB BjhA gk oj/. ;r'A fJBQK ftu'A e[ZMe[ B/ sK nkgDh tXhnk ;ky s/ b'VhAd/ ;wkfie ;?A;ofFg fij/ nkgD/ o'bB{z th e[ZM e[ bkb;k s/ bkbu d/ ekoB froth gk oZfynk j?. pZ; iBskth fJ; ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse tosko/ bJh pokpo dh jh f}zw/tko j?fe T[j fJBQK nkek-fJwkwK d/ ;ko/ ekfonK-toskfonK d/ wkV/-B}ko/t/yD d/ pkti{d th w{e doFe pDh j'Jh j?. pZ; fJ; soQK ;kv/ b'enkgD/ Bkb phs oj/, fJ; ;G e[ZM B{z G[b-G[bke/ e/ nypkoK s/ NhHthH d[nkokf;ZX/ gq;koBK Bkb nkgD/ nkg B{z nkBzd ftG'o eo oj/ jB fe fit/A fJjp;zso Gkt nZr nkgD/ xo BjhA, ;r'A r[nKYhnK d/ xo ftu bZrh j't/.

gzikph ;{pk pDB-pDkT[D s'A b? e/ j[D sZe dk e[Zb fwbke/ b/yk-i'ykfJj pDdk j? fe jfonkDk, fjwkub s/ gzikp d/ fJew[Zm s/ fJei[ZN ;{p/d/ ;w/A ;kvk gzikp nkgD/ d/F dk nzBdksk th ;h s/ pb-G[ik th ;h. fJj

79

d/F d/ j'oBK ;{fpnK ftu gfjb/ Bzpo dk f;ow"o ;{pk j[zdk ;h. go j[DnzBdksk rohp s/ ew}'o j' e/ d/F d/ ;{fpnK ftu 17t/A Bzpo #s/ fgSbhesko ftu wzrsk fijk pD e/ yVQk j?. gzikph ;{pk pDkT[D d/ fJFe ftufJj ;fEsh fJT[A fij/ pDh ikgdh j? feL-

bzpVK d/ ;zBQ bZr rJhnZr'A fBebh ;kr tkbh s"Vh

y?o! gzikph ;{p/ ti'A gqkgs ehs/ @;'jD/ gzikp# B{z r[nkfunk ;BwkBs/ ;EkB fdtkT[D bJh j[D fJe'-fJe T[Zdw-T[gokbk iBsk d/ jZE ftuj? fe u'DK ftu b'e nkgD/ bhvoK B{z fJj ;gFN s"o #s/ gfNnkb/ tkb/vkH Xowtho rKXh d/ FpdK ftu fJj ;tkb g[ZSD fe @;kv/ fjZ;/ dhn}kdh feZE/ j?< ;kv/ fjZ;/ dk ftek; feZE/ j?< ;kv/ fjZ;/ dh y[Fjkbh feZE/j?< mkfDnK-efujohnK, ;oekoh dcsoK ftu ;kv/ fjZ;/ dk wkD;fseko feZE/ j?< ;kv/ fjZ;/ dk d/F feZE/ j?< s[jkB{z rZc/ s/ ;kB{z XZe/ feT[AjB< fJBQK B{z ej' fe s[;hA ;kv/ ftu'A sK j', go ;kv/ tor/ BjhA. ;kvks[jkv/ Bkb, j[D e[ZM th ;KMk Bjh. s[jkv/ ;kv/ ;e{b nbZr, j;gskbnbZr, nktkikJh d/ ;kXB nbZr, ofjD-;fjD, ykD-ghD nbZr. s[jkv/:ko th nbZr s/ j[D sK s[jkv/ #u'A pj[fsnK d/ p?Ae th nbZr jB.

fco nkgD/ nkr{nK B{z fJj th :kddjkBh eotkT[D dh b'V j? fewzvhnK, r'dkwK s/ p}koK ftu g?dktko d/ Y/o ;kvh fwjBs Bkb brd/ jB.d/F d/ noEuko/ dk gjhnk ;kv/ y{B-g;hB/ Bkb ubdk j?. d/F d/ n;bhukbe nkw b'e jB, go fco th T[BQK B{z G[Zy-Bzr, nBgVQsk, p/o[}rkohs/ fpwkoh dk ;zskg feT[A jzYkT[Dk g? fojk j?. nkw iBsk dh jkb/ th e[Zbh-r[Zbh s/ i[Zbh dh p[fBnkdh wzr s/ w;bk fBoT[Zso j?. fco s[;hA fJ; ;fEshftu fejV/ ftek; dh rZb eod/ j' s/ d[BhnK dh fejVh shih nkofEewjKFesh pDB dhnK vhArK wkod/ j'< d/F e'Jh ezX #s/ Nzfrnk e?bzvo BjhAj[zdk s/ Bk jh e'Jh G{r'b dh feskp dk wkB-fuZso j[zdk j?. fe;/ d/F dk;G s'A ;ziht nzr T[; d/F d/ b'e j[zd/ jB. T[BQK B{z ftek; nzefVnK s/ u'DwB'oE gZsoK dh w[Ekih s'A fojkn eoB dh b'V j?.#

fJ; soQK jh fe;/ th fyZs/ d/ ;fGnkuko d/ f;oie b'e j[zd/ jB.

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go fJj th ;Zu j? fe id'A-id'A ;fGnkuko s/ ;kfjs B{z jkewK iK;oekoK tb'A ;ogq;sh dk j[zrkok-m[zwDk fwbdk j?l T[d'A-T[d'A jh ebk s/;kfjs f}nkdk gqc[Zfbs j[zd/ jB. j[D fw;kb ti'A f;nk;h s"o #s/ e"vh-pkvh y/vh ik ojh j? sK sK seohpB ;kok gzikp BF/Vh j'D d/ pkti{dth e"vh-e"vh eodk fcodk j?. ekF! fes/ ;oekoK gzikph s/ gzikphnsdh y/v dh th ;ko b? b?D. fco j[D gqwkswk Gbh eo/ fe gzikph e"wd/ fJj T[Zu/-;[Zu/ nehd/ edkfuZs th okfJrkB Bk ikD, ;r'A ;kv/ ;'jD/gzikp dk fJZ}s-U-fJepkb jw/FK-jw/FK tKr ;dk jh p[bzd oj/.

j[D fJ; gqEkfJ fJe tZvh b'V fJj j? fe gzikp d/ ftek; s/gzikphnK dh y[Fjkbh bJh ;kv/ b'e y[d jh nkgDh nkswk dh ntk};[DB s/ fJ; B{z b'e u/sBk pDkT[D. fco fJ; soQK dh gzikp j/s{wkBf;esk B{z fJe b'e bfjo dk o{g d/ e/ gzikph b'e gzikp dh tkrv'onfijh bhvofFg B{z ;zGkbD fe fi; ftu gzikp B{z ftek; s/ y[Fjkbhd/ okj #s/ s'oB tk;s/ bJh fdFk s/ dFk d/D dh ;woEk j't/. fJ; d/Bkb jh ;oeko e'b b'e GbkJh dhnK ;ehwK B{z B/go/ uVQkT[D tk;s/gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek B{z ;jh fdFk-fBod/F d/D dh ;[wZs s/ Fesh j't/.fJ; gqEkfJ nfij/ ofjpo dh gSkD s/ f;cs-;bkj d/ ;pzX ftufJepkb dk ;[yB j? feL-

fBFkB/ okj fdyks/ i' f;sko'A e'so; rJ/ j?A fe;h wod/ okjdK e/ bhJ/

fJ; tk;s/ nZi ;w[Zuh gzikphns dh w[jzwd fJepkb d/ FpdK ftufJe jh wzr s/ nodk; j? fe j/ oZpk! ;kv/ dofwnkB e'Jh wod/-ekfwbG/i d/j, i' fe gzikp Bz{ fco s'A ;t?wkD s/ y[F-y[Fjkbh d/ okj s'o ;e/.

fBo;zd/j jkb/ th gzikphnK #s/ nekb g[oy dh feogk j? s/ gzikpftu ni/ th tkfjr[o{ dh ebk tos ojh j? s/ j[D th f;oVQ-f;Zde d/gZy'A gzikphnK ftu @rT{ d/ ikJ/# d/ ezBQ/ tkbk iZs-;Zs s/ ;kj-;s ekfJwj?. fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kB{z gzikp d/ ftek; s/ soZeh d/ ;pzX ftu ;wMDdh b'V j? fe e"wK d/ fJfsjk; ftu T[sokn-uVQkn oZph ozr jB. go;kB{z fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzfvs itkjo bkb Bfjo{ d/ ftuko jw/FK ;kjwD/

81

oZyD/ ukjhd/ jB fijV/ fe T[BQK B/ Gkos dh n}kdh d/ ;zrokw d/ ;pzXftu ntkw Bkb ;KM/ ehs/ ;B. T[BQK B/ fejk ;h fe n;hA n}kdh dh fJ;vro #s/ uZb/l eJh tko fvZr/ s/ eJh tko T[m/l go nyho fJ; okj #s/otK-dtK ubd/ j'J/, n;hA n}kdh B{z nkgDk B;hpk pDk jh fbnk. fJ;nkFktkdh ftuko dh gq'VQsk fJj ;[yB th eodk j? feL-

fJ; soj s?n eoh j?A jwB/ ;koh wzf}b/Afro gV/, fro eo T[m/, T[m e/ ub dhJ/

pZ; fJ; tk;s/ j[D f;oc gzikphnK B{z nkgD/ d/F tk;hnK dh ykso;t?wkD s/ ftek; d/ okj #s/ s'oB dh b'V j?. fJ; soQK jh gzikp B{zd/F dk nzBdksk, pbG[ik ns/ d[FwDK tk;s/ yVrG[ik tor/ r"otwJhe"wh bepK d/ s[b fco d[pkok ekfJw-dkfJw eoB dh b'V j?. fconekb g[oy pyfFzd y[d-p-y[d jh gzikph e"w dh r[nku ojh gSkDpjkb eoB bJh ;kv/ #s/ e"wh fBnkwsK fBSkto eo/rk. fco fJ; soQKjh ;kvk gotofdrko wkbe ;kB{z ;kv/ Xow, fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/;fGnkuko d/ nwho fto;/-ftok;s dh ;'Mh s/ ;t?wkD d/ e/ ;w[Zu/ gzikps/ gzikphns B{z fBjkb-fBjkb eo/rk. Fkbk! nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ ;kv/;'jD/ gzikp #s/ ;tZbh s/ fwjo Goh B}o oZy sK fe y[Fjkbh s/ y[FhnKy/V/ ;w[Zu/ gzikp, gzikph s/ gzikphns dk ;dhth B;hpk pD ikDlnkwhB..

82

5

;kv/ UjV-g"jV d/ pkti{d th gzikph dh d[odFkfJj fJe e;?bh ;ZukJh j? fe wK p'bh gzikph dh nkgD/ g[ZsK d/ jZE'A

jh d[orsh j' ojh j?. ;Zu ne;o e"Vk j[zdk j? s/ fJ; B{z efjD-;[DBdh e[VZsD j'o th f}nkdk j[zdh j?. go ;Zu th u[Zg BjhA ofj ;edk, ;r'Aid'A p'bdk j? sK ;Zu f;o uVQ e/ jh p'bdk j?. fJ; bJh pZb/ UJ/l gzikphF/o'! ;'u-ftuko e/ t/y' fe ;kB{z gzikph GkFk dh ftfEnk ;wMD bJh:{B?;e' dh w[Ekih MZbDh g? rJh j?. :{B?;e' dhnK ftFt gZXoh ;ot/fog'oNK w[skfpe @gzikph p'bh d[BhnK d/ GkFk ;z;ko ftu 13t/A ;EkB#s/ j'D d/ pkti{d th 50e[ ;kb ftu nb'g j' ikt/rh.# jkb dh xVh sK;z;ko dhnK pkeh GkFktK ns/ yk; s"o #s/ fJzrb?Av ftu fJzrfbF sKgzikph p'bh B{z j}koK }[pkBK dh ;kekukoh ftu G{nk tKr{z wzBdhnK jB.go n;hA gzikph b'e fJ; ;ZukJh s'A gsk BjhA feT[A x/;b tZN e/ wK p'bhgzikph dh ;"AeD GkFk nzro/}h B{z nzp'-nzp' efjzd/ fcod/ jK.

p/FZe efjD B{z sK n;hA efjzd/ jK fe ;kvh wK p'bh gzikph ;GGkFktK s'A fwZmh s/ o;hbh j?. go w"i{dk jkbksK ftu ;ko/ gzikphnK dkfJj y'ybk fijk dkntk jh pD e/ ofj frnk j?. yk; s"o #s// e"w d/nkr{nK dk sK fJj jowB fgnko/ dwri/ tork p/noE fijk Bknok pDu[ek j?. p/FZe p[ZXhihth s/ ftdtkB th gzikph GkFk dh jz[dVj/bsk s/;obsk d/ w[dZJh jBl go id'A fJ; gZy'A ;kv/ eko-ftjko s/ nwbK dhp?ArDh T[xVdh j? sK ;kv/ xo'A s'A d\soK sZe s/ nZr/ ;oeko/-dopko/ns/ fco d[BhnK dhnK uj[ze{NK ftu ;kvh wK p'bh gzikph sK ;kvhwso/Jh wK nzro/}h GkFk i'V/ MkVdh fcodh fd;dh j?. fJ; s'A tZX nkgjh ;'u e/ t/y' gzikph wK p'bh dh d[orsh fJ; s'A tZX j'o eh j't/rh<

fJj ;kok toskok gqwkfDs sZEK d/ pkti{d th j' fojk j? fe gzikphp'bh d[BhnK dhnK seohpB 6800 GkFktK ftu'A 13t/A Bzpo T[s/ nkT[Adhj?. d[BhnK d/ 150 d/FK ftu, fiE/ fe gzikph t;/ j'J/ jB, T[E/ gzikphp'bD tkfbnK dh nB[wkfBs frDsh seohpB 14 eo'V j?. fco th:{B/;e' sZe gzikph }[pkB dk GftZy pfj; dk w;bk pfDnk j'fJnk j?.fJ; ;pzX ftu :[B?;e' dh fog'oN w[skfpe e[M e[ ftdtkB wzBd/ jB fe

83

nZi s'A 50 ;kb pknd gzikph GkFk ysw j' ikt/rh. d{i/ gk;/ nfij/p[ZXhihth jB fe i' efjzd/ jB fe 14 eo'V b'eK tZb'A p'bh iKdh d[BhnKdh s/ot/A Bzpo dh gzikph p'bh ed/ th ysw BjhA j' ;edh.

;' ftdtkBK dk gfjbK sK G/V fJ; rZb'A jh rbs j? fe ;ot/fog'oNK dZ;dhnK jB fe gzikph GkFk ysw j' ikt/rh. go fe;/ th;zihdk rZb B{z n;hA nkgDh iBwiks fcsos nB[;ko fsbekT[D bJhfJj efj oj/ jK fe gzikph p'bh 14-15 eo'V b'e p'bd/ jB, fJ; bJhgzikph p'bh ysw jh BjhA j' ;edh. ;' d';s'! rZbK sK d't/A mhe jB, goi/ GkFk jh wo ikt/ sK nrbhnK ghVQhnK ftu p'bh fezBh e[ d/o uZb/rh<;' gsk BjhA fe ;z;ko gZXo d/ p[ZXhihthnK s/ ftdtkBK dh ftdtsk dkfJj G/V ed'A ysw j't/rk ns/ fJj fe; Bshi/ #s/ gj[zu/rk<

go gzikph GkFk dk fgSb/ 50 ;kbK s'A i' jFo gzikp ftu j' fojkj?, T[; s'A ikgdk j? fe gzikph GkFk d[BhnK d/ d{i/ w[beK ftu sKGkt/A j'o th gqc[bs j' ikt/. go nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe gzikpftu'A sK fJj ysw j[zdh ikgdh j?. gzikph GkFk dk gzikp ftu'A ysw j'Dtkbh rZb Gkt/A pVh T[dk; s/ fBokFkiBe fijh ;'u dh T[gi brdh j?.go fJ; d/ ny"sh ftek; bJh ehs/ n"jV-g"jV dh ejkDh pVh ;t?-;gFN j?.

d/F dh n}kdh s'A pknd wkou 1948 ftu fgqz;hgb GkJh i'X f;zxdh gqXkBrh j/m ykb;k ekbi nzfwqs;o ftu gzikph B{z gzikp gqKs dh;oekoh GkFk pDkT[D dk w;bk T[fmnk ;h. i[bkJh 1948 ftu g?g;{pfDnk s/ gzikph GkFk B{z g?g;{ dh ;oekoh GkFk pDk fdZsk frnk. g?g;{ckow{b/ d/ BKn Bkb ikfDnk iKdk fJj c?;bk Btzpo 1956 ftu g?g;{d/ fJbke/ B{z gzikp ftu Fkwb eoB Bkb ysw j' frnk. f}eo:'r j?fe 1949 ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ ;ko/ okiK d/ f;Zfynk wzsohnK dh fJeekBcoz; p[bkJh. fi; nB[;ko gqkfJwoh ;e{bK ftu f;Zfynk dk wkfXnwpZu/ dh wK p'bh B{z wzB fbnk frnk. tZy-tZy oki ;oekoK B/ E'Vh pj[shspdhbh Bkb fJ; c?;b/ B{z nkg'-nkgD/ okiK ftu bkr{ ehsk.

fJ; soQK ;zB 1949 ftu gzikph d/ ftek; d/ bJh T[d'A d/ w[Zy wzsohGhw;?B ;Zuo dk ckow{bk j'Ad ftu nkfJnk. fJ; ckow{b/ nB[;ko

84

gzikph p'bd/ fJbke/ ftu f;Zfynk dk wkfXnw gzikph s/ u"Eh dh iwkss'A fjzdh dh gVQkJh eotkT[Dk gqtkB j'fJnk. fJj th c?;bk j'fJnk fe10thA iwks sZe d't/A GkFktK }o{oh j'DrhnK. T[; T[gozs fco fJ; ftF/#s/ ed/ gzikph ;kfjs ne?vwh dh gfjbh ekBcoz; 1948 ftu j'Jh.fco 1955 B{z ibzXo ftu b/yeK dh gqKse ekBcoz; s/ T[; s'A pknd1956 ftu gzikph ;kfjs ne?vwh dh fdZbh fty/ d{ih ekBcoz; j'Jh.1953 ftu ;?ezvoh f;Zfynk efwFB tb'A gzikph wK p'bh B{z f;Zfynk d/wkfXnw ti'A ;ko/ ;?ezvoh ;e{bK sZe bkr{ eoB #s/ }'o fdZsk frnk.

fco j'o fezBhnK jh ekBcoz;K s/ eBt?ABFBK j'JhnK ns/ j[D sZegzikp dhnK ;kohnK jh :{Bhtof;NhnK ftu gzikph GkFk d/ GftZy pko/frnkB-ftukoK j[zdhnK ojhnK jB. fJE'A sZe fe j[D sK d[BhnK ftuofjzd/ gzikphnK s/ yk; s"o #s/ f;ZyK d/ tZv/-tZv/ ;zw/bB j' oj/ jB. T[E/eh pfj;K j[zdhnK jB s/ eh c?;b/ j[zd/ jB, T[BQK ;G dk fJe' jh ;ko-ft;Eko fJj j? fe gzikph GkFk dh d[odFk j' ojh j?. fJ; tk;s/ gzikphp'bh B{z g[Bo ;[oihs eoB bJh fJ; B{z b'e u/sBk s/ b'e bfjo pDkT[Ddh tZvh b'V j?.

go j?okBh dh rZb j? fe fJ; fdFk ftu id'A ;oekoK, :{Bhtof;NhnK,;oekoh ndkfonK s/ F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh nzfwqs;o iK fdZbhtb'A e'Jh gq?eNheb gZXo #s/ e'Jh m'; ezw eoB dh rZb nkT[Adh j? sK;kB{z eh fpZbh fBZS iKdh j?< fco gsk BjhA feT[A e"w d/ fJj nfjw w;b/jw/FK tKr mzv/ p;s/ ftu g? iKd/ jB< fJ; gqEkfJ yk; s"o #s/f}eo:'r j? fe ;oeko ns/ F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh nzfwqs;os/ fdZbh d'tK w'joh ;z;EktK tb'A gzikp d/ fJfsjk; s/ ;kfjs B{z ;jhgfog/y ftu nkw b'eK sZe Bk gj[zukT[D dh e'skjh th pj[s wko{ f;ZXj' ojh j?.

j'o th j?okBh dh rZb j? fe wK p'bh gzikph dh dFk ;[XkoB bJh@eoD gbkj ehJ/ pj[s/o/# tork dkntk sK jo e'Jh eodk j?, go;ZukJh fJj j? fe fit/A fwo}k nbh p/r fJFosh efjzdk j? feL-

wohf} fJFe go ojws ][dk ehwo} pVsk frnk fiT{A-fiT{A dtk eh

85

gzikph s/ gzikphns B{z dog/F w;fbnK B{z dor[}o eoBk ;w[Zuh e"ws/ ;kv/ ;wki d/ toswkB nkr{nK dh Bkekfpb/ w[nkc rbsh j?. fJ; d/wkV/ Bshi/ fdqFNwkB j' oj/ jB. fJ; ftu th e'Jh FZe BjhA fe i/ ;kvhfJj ;'u fJ; soQK jh p/Yzrh ojh s/ gzikphns dh u{bQ ftzrh ojh sK fJ;dk wkVk yfwnk}k nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK B{z G[rsDk gt/rk. ;kB{z gskj? fe n;hA gzikp s/ gzikphns d/ nfjw w;fbnK pko/ skb'A-p/skb j'u[e/ jK. ;kvh jkbs T[; ep{so tkbh j? i' fpZbh s'A vodk j'fJnk nZyKwhN e/ fJj s;Zto eodk j? fe fpZbh ik u[eh j?. go T[;B{z gsk T[d'Ajh brdk j? fe id'A fpZbh T[; B{z dp'u b?Adh j?. ;' ;kv/ fJ; p/;[o/ okrdk nbkg-ftobkg i/ fJ; soQK jh fojk sK e'Jh tZvh rZb BjhA feS/sh jh e"w dk x'oV{ th tZi ikt/rk.

e[Zb fwbk e/ ;kvh j[D sZe dh fJ; d[orsh pko/ fJj jh fejk ik;edk j? fe fe;/ F?skBh Fesh d/ gqGkt j/m tko-tko eBt?BFBK d/;[MktK s/ efwFBK dhnK fog'oNK ;pzXh @gzuK dk fejk f;o-wZE/ s/goBkbk T[E/ dk T[E/# tkbk nykD UVe ;Zu j' iKdk j?. go fco th n;hAw[Beo BjhA j' ;ed/ fe fJ; ;ko/ GkD/ d/ tosko/ ftu gokfJnK Bkb'AnkgfDnK dk e;{o fBFfus s"o #s/ jh f}nkdk j?. FkfJo @;"dk# d/FpdK ftu fJ; bzp/ ft;Eko dk ;zy/g fJj jh j' ;edk j? feL-

fdb e/ cc'b/ ib T[m ;hB/ e/ dkr ;/fJ; xo e' nkr bZr rJh xo e/ fuokr ;/

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gq'H jwdodtho B"Ffjoth dk eEB nkgk uhBD dhwo} Bkb pj[s jh nZyK y'bQD tkbk j?. T[BQK nB[;ko, @@gzikph GkFk B{z;G s'A tZvk MNek 1966 ftu bZrk. gzikph fijVh fdZbh dhnK po{jKsZe oki eodh ;h, fFwb/ dhnK u'NhnK sZe gVQh-fbyh iKdh ;hl j[Dokig[ok s'A nZr/ wBhwkiok s'A goQ/ gokJh j' u[eh j?. eohp ;kb gfjbKT[d'A d/ w[Zy wzsoh bSwD f;zx frZb B/ gzikph oki GkFk n?eN sK gk;eotk fdZsk ;h, go fJj jkb/ sZe th g{o/ o{g ftu bkr{ BjhA j' ;fenk.go B"eoFkjK dh @uZb j'T{# torh p/o[yh s/ oki;h nkr{nK dh @nkgK B{zeh# torh r\bs s/ nDrfjbh ti'A gzikph GkFk s/ ftfdne ;[XkoK bJhe'Jh th Bhsh ;jh s"o #s/ bkr{ BjhA j' ;eh.

86

p/FZe p/nzs ;kfjse s/ gzikph fbykoh ;GktK gzikph GkFk n?eNbkr{ eotkT[D bJh XkjK wkodhnK ofjzdhnK jB, go fJj ;z;EktK e'Jhizri{ ;zxoF eoe/ w;b/ B{z nzikw sZe BjhA gj[zuk ;ehnK. t?;/ ftFtgZXo #s/ nkbwh gzikph ekBcoz;K th j[zdhnK jB, ekch o"bk g?Adk j? s/;?o j[zdhnK jB s/ pZ;#. fJ; soQK gzikph GkFk dh fuoK s'A jh @phph fszB'AeZgV/ ;[ZED, Bkbk s/ p;# tkbh d[odFk poeoko j?.

n;hA efjD Bz{ sK j[D th gzikph s/ gzikphns d/ wkD dh rZb pVh j[Zpe/ eod/ jK, go fJ; d/ pkti{d th ni'e/ ;w/A ftu n;hA gzikphns dhnKf;csK s'A nDfGZi jh jK. ;kvhnK ;oekoK s/ yk; eoe/ gzE fjs?Fh ;oekons/ F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tkb/ ne;o jh NkjoK wkod/ ofjzd/ jBfe T[BQK B/ ;kvh wK p'bh gzikph bJh gjkV'A gZEo fbnkT[D torhnK pj[sekotkJhnK ehshnK jB. go iZr ikDdk j? fe fJBQK d/ ny"sh :sBK-gq:sBKd/ pkti{d th j[D sZe gzikph dh d[odFk dh ejkDh, @nkt/ b'bh, ikt/ b'bh,b'bh d/ rb fJe' u'bh# torh jh ojh j?.

go fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb fJj th pVh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB tkbh rZbj? fe fJ; ;{os/-jkb bJh jo fJe gzikph dk nkgDk feodko s/ eos{snkgD/ xo ftu th fdqFNwkB j?. ;kv/ nkgD/ jh xoK ftu dkdk-dkdh,BkBk-BkBh, fgsk-wksk, skfJnk-skJh, ukuk-ukuh, wkwk-wkwh, G{nk-c[cV, wk;h-wk;V s/ G?D-Gok tor/ ;kv/ Bj[z-wk; d/ nfByVt/A ;ko/ d/;ko/ foFs/ eqwtko ro?Avh-ro?Bh, gkgk-wkwk, nzeb-nKNh s/ f;;Nons/ e}B cK;h tor/ xkse fJe' oZ;/ Bkb pzBQ/ iKd/ jB. nZi d/fBnkfDnK B{z sK eh ;r'A f;nkfDnK B{z th 59-69 s/ 79 iK 89 Bz{gzikph ftu T[Bkjm-T[BZso s/ T[Bk;h-T[BkBt/A efj e/ d/y bt'. T[js[jkv/ w{zj tZb d/yh ikDr/.

don;b i/ fccNh BkJhB-f;e;Nh BkJhB efjD s'A fpBK ;wM b?D sKGkt/A w/ok BK tZNk d/Dk. pZfunK dk th eh e;{o j?. gfjbK sK Bo;oh s'A jhT[BQK B{z nzro/}h d/ bV bk fdZsk iKdk j?. fco ed/ toQ/-fSwkjh id'A ;kv/ pZu/nkgD/ p}[or foFs/dkoK B{z fwbd/ jB sK T[BQK dhnK wktK T[BQK B{z ftykt/wkso B;hjs eodhnK jB fe @p/Nk! w?B/ nkg e' fesBh pko ejk j? fegzikph p'bk eo'.# ;kv/ xoK ftu wktK jh BjhA ;r'A n;hA nkg th s"bhJ/ s/

87

o[wkb B{z Nktb s/ j?Aeh efjzd/ jK. @v"rh e' pKX d' s/ v'o e' b"e brk d'#torh fjzdh-gzikph p'bd/ jK. y?o n;hA fjzdh th fejVk mhe p'bd/ jK,fit/A fe n;hA skb/ B{z fizdk jh efjzd/ jK. ;kvh fJ; obthA-fwbthA fjzdhs/ gzikph dk tzBrh wkso dkok f;zx dhnK F[o{ dhnK fcbwK dk fJevkfJbkr @w?A ezX cKd e/ nk ikT{A# nZi sZe th wFj{o j?.

fJ; soQK ;kvhnK ni'eh fJe-d' ghVQhnK ;fGnkuko d/ gZy'A d'rb/gDfij/ dk fFeko j' rJhnK jB. n;hA Bk sK fjZe EkgV e/ gzikph p'bhB{z nkgDk efj ;e/ s/ Bk jh nzro/}h GkFk #s/ w[jkos jk;b eo ;e/.n;hA fJ; gZy'A fuoV-x[Zr fij/ jh pD u[e/ jK. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fen;hA Bk jh fuVh pD ;e/ s/ Bk jh x[Zrh pD ;e/. pZ; f;o/ dh rZb fJjj? fe n;hA Bk sK fJXo d/ oj/ s/ Bk jh T[Xo d/ oj/.

fJj e'Jh S'Nh fijh rZb BjhA fe n;hA y[d FfjoK ftu t; e/ nkgD/nkg B{z g/Av{ iK fdjksh nytkT[Dk g;zd BjhA eod/. p/FZe ;wMD tkbhrZb fJj th j? fe FfjoK ftu fgzvK tork Bk sK e[dosh tksktoD j?s/ Bk jh tXhnk fBo'r ykX-y[okeK jB. go fco th BZe-Bw{ih ftykt/ti'A n;hA nkgD/ fdjks d/ fgS'eV B{z nkgD/ B/V/ th cNeD BjhA fdzd/.w/o/ fynkb ftu sK fgzvK s'A nkJ/ FfjohnK dh nZXh T[wo sK fJj M{mwkofdnK dh jh fBeb iKdh j? fe T[BQK d/ tv/o/ th e[Zb{-wBkbh s/ fFwb/dhnK jtktK d/ p[ZbQ/ tZYd/ ;B.

don;b ;kB{z gfjbK sK nkgDh gzikph j'Ad pko/ wkD-;t?wkD jhBjhA. fco nkgDh g/Av{ ftok;s pko/ sK wkD eoB dh rZb sK d{o ojh,;r'A n;hA sK fdjksh j'D eoe/ ne;o Fofwzdrh fijh wfj;{; eod/jK. fJ; soQK FfjoheoB dk g/Av{ ihtB-F?bh #s/ fJzBK rbpk gk u[ekj? fe n;hA nkg sK p/gSkD j'J/ jh jK, fJ; d/ Bkb ;kvh wK p'bh thp/rkBh s/ gokJh fijh j' u[eh j?.

gzikph GkFk d/ FfjoheoD ti'A w/o/ Bkb nkg phsh fJe fw;kb j?fe ;kB{z f;jkoh (f) s/ fpjkoh ( h ) d/ coe dh pVh xZN ;'Mh ofj rJhj?. fw;kb ti'A wkfJe B{z n;hA wkJhe fbyd/ jK. f}eo:'r j? fe w?A fi;th f}bQ/ ftu vhH;hH fojk, T[E/ w?A jo fgzv d/ Bkw B{z do;kT[Ad/ j'J/gzikph GkFk ftu p'ov brtkJ/. fiBQK T[s/ T[E'A dh gzukfJs tZb'A @ih

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nkfJnK B{z# fbytkfJnk. w?A t/fynk fe f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu gmkBe'N;p fvth}B d/ Fkjg[o ezYh fJbke/ ftu seohpB 15-20 fgzvK d/p'ovK #s/ @ih nkfJnK B{z# dh EK #s/ @ih nkJhnK B{z# fbfynk j'fJnk ;h.fJ; dk ekoB f;o\ fJj jh ;h fe ;kB{z f;jkoh s/ fpjkoh dh gfjukDBjhA ofj rJh.

]?o! w?A ;p fvth}B Xko d/ n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH dk wy"b Bkb fJ; gk;/fXnkB fdtkfJnk fe tho i/ s/o/ fJbke/ ftu n"osK dk jh ;[nkrs j[zdkj? sK w?A th nZr/ s'A ;btko gk e/ jh nkfJnk eoKrk. y[Fh dh rZb fJjj'Jh fe oki;EkB d/ w{b fBtk;h T[; n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH B{z nkgDh rbsh ;wMnk rJh, fi; eoe/ op dk F[eo j? fe fe;/ th B/sk iK T[Zu nfXekohB{z ;[nkrs eotkT[D bJh ;[ZED gkT[D dh b'V BjhA gJh.

n;hA FfjoheoD d/ sfjs j'V/ ( ') s/ eB"V/ ( " ) dk gq:'r th rbseod/ jKl fit/A fe e"bh B{z e'bh, u"b B{z u'b, g"Vh B{z g'Vh fbyd/ jK.gzikph d/ fJe Fpd @x# dh X[Bh dh EK @r# Fpd dh X[Bh tosD bJhoktbfgzvh d/ fJbke/ s'A nkJ/ f;Zy d[ekBdko spe/ pko/ wFj{o j? fe T[j@x[Zrh# B{z @r[Zrh# efjzd/ jB. j[D sK ;ko/ FfjohnK dh gzikph p'b pkDhpko/ fejk ik ;edk j? fe n;hA ne;o efjzd/ jK fe @tho ih s/ p?QDih e'bh-e'bh u'b yk e/ g'Vh uVQ rJ/.#

fjzdheoD pBkw FfjoheoD d/ n;o sfjs n;hA (D) dh EK (B)dk gq:'r eoB d/ fJT[A nkfd j' rJ/ jK fe fit/A fe fJj c?FB jh pDfrnk j? fe ykDk B{z ykBk, ghDk B{z ghBk, b?Dk-d/Dk B{z b?Bk-d/Bk, pkbDB{z pkbB s/ u'DK B{z u'BK efjzd/ jK. gzikph GkFk d/ nGozF bJh wbtJh,d[nkphJ/ s/ wM?bK B/ ;EkfBe p'bh d/ Bkw Bkb nkgDk-nkgDk tX-uVQe/ :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. ]?o! wbtJh sK nkb{nK dh ;p}h B{z th @nkb{nKdh dkb# jh efjzd/ oj/ jB. ;' fJBQK d/ feE/ ikB?A, eh ykB?A iK n;hA iKd/jKr/ s/ s[;hA nkT[Ad/ ;hr/ torh GkFk dh eZN-tZY dk sK p[ok wBkT[Dtkbh sK e'Jh rZb jh BjhA.

fJ; soQK jh fJzrb?Av ftu ofjzd/ gzikphnK d/ pZfunK B{z sKnzro/}K tKr{z @V# Fpd p'bDk jh BjhA nkT[Adk. pZu/ wk;V B{z wk;o ihs/ c[ZcV ih B{z pVk r'b fijk w{zj pDk e/ c[co ih efjzd/ jB. fJ; soQK

89

jh T[BQK B{z @m# Fpd dh X[Bh th nzro/}K tKr{z BjhA p'bDh nkT[Adh. fJ;bJh jh T[j pkm r's B{z pkE ns/ pkm w?foi g?b/; B{z pkE w?foig?b/; efjzd/ jB. id'A n;hA pZfunK dhnK rbshnK s/ e;{o dh rZb eod/jK sK T[; s'A gfjbK ;kB{z nkgDh rZb eoBh pDdh j?. fJzrb?Av ftugzikph tho v'oK, ftzv'nK s/ vkfbnK tor/ ftbZyD r[bkph fJzrfbF d/Fpd p'bd/ jB. w?A ;kT{Ejkb ftu y[d ;kvh skJh Gkrh B{z ;p}h tkb/B{z @@t/ GkJh jkU wZu NwkNk s/ r'Gh dk c[Zb## efjzd/ ;[fDnk.

]?o! nkw gzikph dh sK eh rZb eoBh j?, ;r'A iBkph spe/ ftu theJh nc;o nkgD/ s'A tZv/ nc;o B{z ;zp'XB eoB bZr/ s/ fJE'A sZe fbyDbZr/ th @;Zo ih# efjzd/ jB. fJj ;kvh gzikp dh r[bkph fJzrfbF dhfJe tzBrh wkso jh j?. pkeh gsk BjhA j'o fezB/ b?ANo, nzrb?oB,wrb?b, w'No ;?eb tor/ ;kvh nzro/}h d/ tzBrh o{g jB, fe fiBQK B{z;[fDnk ezB th jZ;D bZr g?Ad/ jB.

gzikph d/ Fpd @F"e# B{z e[Zb gzikph Ffjoh @F"Ae# T[ukoD eo fojkj?. fJe gzikph NhHthH u?Bb B/ sK jZd jh w[ek fdZsh s/ F"e dh EK #s/F'e Fpd fezB/ fdB jh fbyh s/ p'bh frnk. ;wMD tkbh rZb j? fe F"eFpd y[Fh s/ wBgqukt/ dk gqshe j?, id'A fe F'e Fpd n\;'; dk gqshej?. fJe tko ypo nk ojh ;h fe tD wjKT[s;t #s/ fJ; ;kb 2 bZyFhFw d/ o[Zy brkJ/ ikDr/. oZp fJBQK dk Gbk eo/ fJj Nkjbh d/ o[ZyefjDk jh G[Zb rJ/ jB. fJ; soQK j[D j?okBh j[zdh j? fe eh tkfenk jh;kvk ;G dk gzikph GkFk tb'A jZE fJzBK szr j? fe n;hA ;G s'A ;"yhnKf;ZyhnK ikD tkbhnK }[pkBK ftu'A fJe GkFk gzikph B{z th mhe p'bd/ s/fbyd/ BjhA.

gzikph p'bh dh F[ZXsk s/ fwmk; B{z ekfJw oZyD d/ ;zdoG ftuw/oh wK B/ w/oh ;[gsBh ;[yihs B{z nkgDh t;hns o{gh B;hjs Bkb fJj;wMkfJnk ;h fe wbtJhnK dh p'bh ftu nZyVg[D/ s/ o[Zy/gD dk i' ywhoj?, T[; d/ ekoB e[ZM nDsokF/ Fpd th gzikph p'bh ftu nk rJ/ jB.fJ; tk;s/ w/o/ ph-ih B/ ;[Zyh B{z fejk ;h fe GkFk d/ nfij/ e'jM s'A nkgth puDk s/ nZr/ pZfunK B{z th ;'Mh d/Dk fe T[j p'b-ukb ftu nkgDhFpdktbh pj[s jh ;'jDh, FkfJ;sk s/ fwZmh oZyD.

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fJ; soQK jh ;e{b d/ nfXnkgeK s'A b? e/ d\soK ns/ e"w d/nkbQksohB o[sfpnK d/ wkbe okFNogsh s/ gqXkB wzsoh sZe nzro/}hBkweoD nXhB fJe' jh bep @;Zo# Bkb w[ykfsp ehs/ iKd/ jB. fe;/tZv/ B{z ;Zo efjDk sK FkfJd wkVh rZb BjhA j?. go ;kv/ nkgD/ jh ;wkid/ fi; tZv/ nj[d/dko B{z ;Zo fejk ik fojk j?, i/ T[; Bkb w[ykfsp j'Dt/b/ ;kvh e'Jh ;wkfie ;KM iK s[nZbe-tk;sk jh T[ZxVe/ ;kjwD/ BjhAnkT[Adk sK fJT[A ikgdk j? fe n;hA ni/ th ra?o w[beh nzro/} jkewKBkb nkgD/ d[Zy-;[Zy dh rZb eo oj/ jK.

fJj w/oh jZvphsh j? fe id'A w?A fvgNh efwFBo o'gV ;h sK T[d'Aw/o/ fgsk ih B/ w?B{z gZfSnk ;h fe p/Nk s/ok nkgD/ s'A tZv/ n\;oK Bkbns/ b'eK Bkb foFs/ d/ gqshe Fpd @;Zo# dk w?B{z noE sK ;wMk< w?Afejk fe fJ; dk wsbp iBkp j[zdk j? s/ fJj Fpd nkgD/ s'A T[Zu/nfXekoh d/ tk;s/ tofsnk iKdk j?. w/o/ fgsk ih efjD bZr/ pZ; w?A ths?B{z fJj jh g[ZSDk ;h. }kfjo j? fe s[jkvk n\;o GkJhuko/ dk nkg;h;pzX th fJe d{i/ Bkb jkewK tkbk jh j?. fco s[;hA ;ko/ nc;o d/F;/tk s/ b'e ;/tk d/ Bkw #s/ nkgD/ jh b'eK Bkb th jkewK tKr{z dpdp/s/ o'jp tkbk Ugok-Ugok fijk ;pzX oZyd/ j'. T[; fdB s'A pknd w?AT[BQK dh B;hjs nB[;ko b'eK ftu @pkJh ih# pD e/ ftuoB dh nX{oh-;ZX{oh fijh e'fFF ehsh. go fiE/ nktk jh T{fsnk fgnk j't/ T[E/BrkoykB/ ftu s{sh dh e"D ;[Ddk j?<

fJ; gq;zr ftu fe;/ th xo-gfotko ftu nkgD/ pZfunK B{z;fGnkukfoe ftok;s Bkb i'VB bJh uzr/ ;z;eko d/D dk \o}-ntZbpDdk j?. fJ; soQK jh wkfgnK tb'A nkgD/ pZfunK B{z nkgDh wK p'bh dhr[VQsh d/D dh f}zw/tkoh pDdh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ w?B{z :kd j? fe w/o/ dkdkih ;qH irs f;zx gzi e[ iwksK jh gk; ;B, go f}zdrh d/ nyohb/ ;kbKftu T[BQK B/ gzikph f;Zy bJh ;h s/ ne;o T[j gzikph d/ Xkofwe feZ;/s/ yk; eoe/ gowtho uZeo fti/sk w/io G[fgzdo f;zx dh tko pV/Gkt[e j' e/ gVQd/ ;B.

fJ; soQK jh w/o/ gkgk ih ;zB 1929 d/ rq?i{J/N ;B, fi; eoe/ T[BQKB{z T[od{ s/ nzro/}h GkFk dh jh w[jkos ;h. go pknd ftu T[BQK B/ 82

91

e[ ;kb dh T[wo ftu gzikph gVQBh f;Zyh ;h. T[j ne;o fejk eod/ ;Bfe gzikph GkFk dk frnkB Bk j'D ekoB T[j ;koh T[wo f;Zy fJfsjk;s/ gzikph ;kfjs s'A nDikD jh oj/. w?B{z :kd j? fe T[j jw/FK fejkeod/ ;B fe fJj @r[o{ feqgk# jh j? fe T[BQK B{z j[D nkgD/ ;kfjs s/fJfsjk; pko/ wkVh w'Nh ;'Mh fwb rJh j?. T[j w?B{z th ne;o fJj jhefjzd/ ;B fe r[o{ feqgk Bkb s[;hA fvgNh efwFBo pD/ j', ;' fJ; bJhnkgD/ b'eK s/ nkgD/ ;fGnkuko dh tZX uVQ e/ ;/tk eo'.

fiE'A sZe T[BQK tb'A ftnkeoD d/ nXko #s/ fe;/ th GkFk B{z F[ZX o{g ftup'bD s/ fbyD dk s[nZbe j?, T[; ;pzXh T[BQK tb'A ehs/ rJ/ t;hns o{ghpuB w?B{z nZi th :kd jB. T[BQK dh ckT{bo tb'A fbyh nzro/}h GkFk dhF[ZXsk bJh fbyh feskp s/ nzro/}h ;kfjs dhnK j'o Bk:kp feskpK nZi thw/o/ e'b ;KGhnK gJhnK jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk nZi sZe th w/o/ e'b w/o/ tb'Anzro/}h ftu T[BQK B{z fby/, T[j gZso gJ/ jB fe fiBQK B{z T[BQK B/ bkb g?ZBBkb ;'X e/ w?B{z tkg; ehsk ;h. w/o/ gkgk ih th w/o/ wksk ih tKr jh ;kB{zF[ZX gzikph p'bD s/ fbyD dh jw/FK gq/oDk fdzd/ oj/.

w?B{z :kd j? fe fJ; soQK jh fJe-d' tko T[BQK B/ w?B{z fJzrfbF rabsp'bD #s/ N'fenk ;h. T[j ne;o jh j?okBh fijh }kfjo efonk eod/;B fe p/Nk s[jkvh fbyh s/ p'bh nzro/}h rabs j[zdh j?, fco s[;hA n?ZwHJ/H fJzrfbF ftu'A fet/A gk; j' rJ/< T[BQK d/ 2-4 tko g[ZSD s'A pknd w?B{zfJj th :kd j? fe w?A pVh Yhmsk fijh Bkb itkp fdZsk ;h fe gkgkih, w?A nzro/}h dh n?ZwHJ/H gzikph whvhnw Bkb ehsh j?. w/oh fJj rZbw/o/ :koK d';sK d[nkok ;ko/ gzikp ftu wFj{o j' u[eh j?. go fJj th;ZukJh j? fe w/o/ p/bhnK dh nzro/}h th @r[bkph# jh j?. T[j p/FZe w?B{zsK w/o/ fJ; N'Ne/ eoe/ wy"b eoB'A ed/ th r[o/} BjhA eod/, go T[jnkg th fJ; gZy'A nkgDh ghVQh EZb/ ed/ th ;'Nk BjhA c/od/.

fJE/ fJj gq;zr w?A fJ; bJh fbfynk j? fe nkgDh wK p'bh gzikph B{zfJ; d/ F[ZX Ne;kbh o{g ftu nkgD/ pZfunK sZe gj[zukT[D dh f}zw/tkohps"o wkg/ s/ tv/o/ j'D eoe/ ;kvh w"i{dk ghVQh dh pDdh j?. go fJjnc;';Bke ;ZukJh j? fe ;kvk fJ; nfjw \o} tZb ;kvk nkgDk s/ ;kvh;oeko iK Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh dk fpbe[b fXnkB jh BjhA j?.

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fJj f;oc fJzBh rZb jh BjhA j?, ;r'A fiE'A sZe gzikph GkFk ;pzXh;kv/ frnkB dk s[nZbe j?, T[j th fpbe[b jh E'Vk j?. fe;/ ;wki ftu;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko dh y[Fjkbh bJh gqFk;e s/ gqpzXe th fJenfjw o'b ndk eod/ jB. go n;hA fJ; rZb s'A w[Beo BjhA j' ;ed/fe gzikph wK p'bh dh ;{Mp{M d/ gZy'A ;kvh nc;oFkjh dk th jZE szr j?.;r'A ;kbKpZXh dcsoK dk ezw nzro/}h ftu eod/-eod/ gzikph GkFkfbyD d/ gZy'A sK iBkpK dk fdtkbk jh fBefbnk fgnk j?.

fJE/ f;oc tzBrh wkso dZ;Dk :'r j't/rk fe gqFk;B ftu fizBhnKth b'e ;/tktK jB. T[BQK dh F/qDh d/ Bkw d/ nyho ftu ;/tktK noEks;oftf;} d/ gqshwkB ti'A n?Z; Fpd nkT[Adk j?. fw;kb ti'A fJzvhnBn?vfwB;Nq/fNt ;oft; Gkt nkJhH J/H n?Z;H, fJzvhnB g[fb; ;oft;Gkt nkJhH ghH n?Z;H, gzikp f;tb ;oft; Gkt ghH ;hH n?Z;H, gzikpg[fb; ;oft; Gkt ghH ghH n?Z;H ns/ j'o fezBhnK jh ;/tktK fit/A fegzikp n?i{e/FB ;oft; Gkt ghH JhH n?Z;, gzikp e'nkgq/fNt ;oft;nkfd d/ wro @n?Z;# Fpd dk gq:'r j[zdk j?.

GkJh! oZp M{m Bk p[bkJ/ pZ; j}koK ftu'A e[ZM frDt/A-u[Dt/A n\;ojh nkgDh ;oft; dk Bkw gzikph ftu mhe fbyd/ jB. tzBrh wksod/F dh ;ot'sw gqFk;fBe ;/tk dk Bkw gzikph ftu nkJhH J/H n?Z;H e'Jhthj-gzikj nc;o jh mhe fbyd/ jB. pkeh ;ko/ nkJhH J/H n?Z;H n\;ojh BjhA, ;r'A j'o ;/tktK tkb/ th nyho tkb/ n?Z; B{z @n?;# fbyd/ jB.fJ; soQK jh nZi-eZbQ nkgD/ Bkw d/ f;oc gfjb/ nZyo jh fbyD s/p'bD dk gquZbD j?. fit/A fe e[bpho f;zx f;ZX{ dh EK #s/ e/H n?Z;H f;ZX{p'bD s/ fbyD dk fotki j?. go id'A n;hA f;zx dh EK @n?Z;# dk gq:'reod/ jK sK ne;o @n?;# fbyd/ jK. tho'! fJ; dk wsbp j[D nkgD/nkg B{z @n?;# fbyD tkb/ B"eoFkjK B{z g[ZS' ns/ iK s[;hA nkg jh ;wMbU fe nzro/}h ftu @n?;# Fpd dk noE eh j[zdk j?<

fJ; soQK jh s[;hA fes/ th BjhA t/y'r/ fe gqFk;B dh fJe tZvh fJekJhd/ gqshe Fpd @f}bQk# B{z gzikph ftu ;jh fbfynk j't/. ;r'A gzikp d/seohpB jo f}bQ/ ftu @f}bQk# dh EK #s/ fibk iK fibQk fbfynk j'fJnk j?.fJT[A jh T[dkjoD wkso ;ko/ gzikp ftu @f}bQk f;Zfynk nc;o#, @f}bQk

93

y/v n\;o# s/ @f}bQk y/shpkVh n\;o# s/ j'o ftGkrh dcsoK d/ Bkw ftu@f}bQk# dh EK #s/ @fibQk# fbfynk fwb/rk. id'A fe @fibQ/# dk wsbp ;[;siK nkb;h j[zdk j?, j[D n;hA nkg jh ;wM bJhJ/ fe fiE/ y/v nc;o jhnkb;h jB iK f;Zfynk s/ y/shpkVh nc;o jh @fibQ/# Gkt ;[;s jB, T[E'A d/ftfdnk s/ y/sh dk eh jkb j't/rk<

\ko;h s/ T[od{ d/ gqGktK j/m gzikph }[pkB ftu nwhoh s/ e'wbsk nkJh;h. go n;hA n}kdh s'A pknd T[; nwhoh s/ ;{ywsk B{z fsbKibh d/ fdZshj?. fi; dk Bshik fJj j'fJnk j? fe F, ], ra, }, \ dh sK swh} jh G[ZbrJ/ jK. jo e'Jh f}bQ/ B{z fibQk fbydk s/ gVQdk j?. f}bQk nfXekohnK d/d\soK d/ Bkw ns/ T[BQK d/ nkgD/ Bkw dhnK B/w gb/NK ne;o jh rbsfbyhnK jz[dhnK jB. fJe tzBrh ti'A fJE/ dZf;nk ik ;edk j? fe s[;hA fes/th BjhA t/y'r/ fe @f}bQk y/shpkVh n\;o# fbfynk j't/. ;r'A fJ; dh EKfbfynk @fibQk y/shpkVh nc;o# jz[dk j?. id'A fe @f}bQk# oki gqFk;B dhfJe fJekJh j[zdk j? ns/ @fibQk# Fpd ;[;s pzd/ tk;s/ tofsnk iKdk j?.fiE/ @}# dk gq:'r BjhA j'Dk jz[dk j?, T[E/ n;hA ne;o @i# d/ g?o ftu fpzdhgk fdzd/ jKl fit/A fe i}p/ B{z }}pkl ohsh-fotki B{z ohsh-fotk} s/ iiwkBBz{ }iwkB p'bd/ s/ fbyd/ jK.

fJ; d/ T[bN ;}k B{z ;ik fbyd/ jK. j'o th pj[s T[dkjoDK jBlfit/A fe }whB B{z iwhB, }who B{z iwho, f}zdrh B{z fizdrh, p}ko B{zpiko, B}o B{z Bio, nzro/}h B{z nzro/ih, ewh} B{z ewhi fbyd/ j'J/n;hA @i# g?o fpzdh gkT[D dh swh} sK fpbe[b jh G[Zb rJ/ jK. fJ; soQKjh Ffjo B{z ;fjo s/ Fkj t/b/ B{z ;kj t/bk ns/ Fkj ;tko B{z ;kj ;tkofbyd/ j'J/ fJj BjhA d/yd/ fe fJE/ @;# g?o fpzdh g?Dh fezBh }o{oh j?.

p/FZe fJ; gq;zr ftu w/ok fJj efjDk ;G B{z nZyo/rk fe d/F dhtzv s'A pknd n;hA T[od{ }[pkB B{z pkovo s'A gko ibktsB eo fdZsk j?,T[; Bkb gzikph }[pkB ftu }"e s/ F"e dk }kfJek s/ Bck;s Gktfwmk;, ;'ji s/ ;tkd jh ysw j' frnk j?. nZi n;hA ne;o wzBd/ jKs/ Bkb jh M[od/ jK fe gkfe;skBh gzikp d/ o/vhU s/ N?bhth}B s'A pj[s;'jDh gzikph p'bh ;[DB B{z fwbdh j?, go ;kv/ tZb fdZbh s'A b? e/ ibzXosZe fJ; gZy'A rbs s/ e[o]s Fpdktbh s'A fpBK e[M gZb/ BjhA g?Adk.

94

p/FZe gzikp ftu ne;o jh gzikph p'bh fto'Xh e'Jh Bk e'Jh F'FkfSfVnk jh ofjzdk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJ; ftu e'Jh FZe BjhA fe ;w/A- ;w/A #s/Bzd bkb B{og[oh s'A b? e/ joGiB wkB, Grtzs wkB s/ r[odk; wkB B/ ed/-edkJhA jkn dk Bknok wkfonk j?, fit/A fe r[odk; wkB B/ @gzikphJ/ }[pkB/Bh, oekB/ w/o/ d/F dhJ/. fcZeh g? rJh s/o/ fujo/ dh B[jko, whYhnK fybkohfco/A, p[ZbQ/ dhJ/ ekchJ/ Bh, ehjB/ s/ok bkj fbnk fFzrko# fijk rhs rk e/gzikph wK p'bh B{z fyoki/ nehds g/F ehsk j?. fco joGiB wkB B/ gzikphGkFk dh }[pkB pD e/ pkp{ f;zx wkB wokVK tkb/ d/ fby/ rhs okjhA fJepVh fdb brdh s/ dod Goh j/e @w?B{z fJT[A Bk wB'A ft;ko, t/ w?A s/oh wKdh p'bh nK# b'e u/sBk irkT[D tk;s/ bkJh j?.

go ;kv/ fJBQK gzikph rkfJeK dh j{e fJzBh fwZmh go wZmh j? fe fJjBrkoykB/ ftu s{sh dh ntk} jh pD e/ ofj rJh j?. gzikph d/ gqf;ZXeth ;[oihs gkso B/ ;w[Zuh gzikp dh d[odFk pko/ i' fbfynk j?, T[jjh gzikph dh d[odFk d/ gq;zr ftu th Y[Zedk j?L-

@bZrh B}o gzikp B{z fJjdh B}o T[sko'b? e/ fwouK e"VhnK fJjd/ f;o s'A tko'fwouK }fjo'A e"VhnK, fwouK f;o ;VhnKfes'A b?D Bk ikDhnk, ftjV/ ftu tVhnKgfjbh-gfjbh B}o fJjB{z T[d'A bZrhid nkgD/ gzikphnK gzikph SZvhHaaa#

}kfjo j? fe n;hA gzikph p'bh d/ gZ[s ejkT[Ad/ gzikph p; BK wksojh nkgDh wks p'bh d/ Xh-g[Zs ofj rJ/ jK. ;kv/ ftu j[D sZe fJe thpkpk B}wh BjhA g?dk j'fJnk i' w"e/ dh ;oeko B{z th fJ; gZy'A tzrkoe/ j'V ;e/ fe T[j wK p'bh gzikph dh p/ndph Bk eoB. eth e?bth B/gzikph p'bh d/ ;fseko ftu pj[s ;'jDk fbfynk j? feL-

Xosh, iDBh s/ p'bh B/ fszB/ wktKfszBK wktK B{z ed/ th GzvhJ/ Bk

fco'}dhB Foc nkgDh ouBk @w?A gzikph# ftu gzikph j'D dk nkgD/nkg #s/ wkD eodk j?. p/FZe T[j efjzdk j? fe T[; B{z }wkB/ w[skfpe cko;h,T[od{ s/ nzro/}h GkFktK th nkT[AdhnK jB, go T[j fjZe EkgV e/ gzikph j'D

95

dk dkntk eodk j? L-

w?A gzikph gzikp dk ofjD tkbk, jK w?A g/Av{ go FfjohJ/ ozr dk jK.;wMK \ko;h, T[od{ th ]{p p'bK, E'Vh pj[s nzro/}h th nzrdk jK.p'bh nkgDh Bkb fgnko oZyK, fJj rZb nkyD'A ed/ Bk ;zrdk jK.

w'sh fe;/ ;[jkrD dh BZE dk jK, N[eVk fe;/ gzikpD dh tzr dk jK.fwb/ wkD gzikph B{z d/F nzdo, nkFe w[ZY s'A w?A fJ; T[wzr dk jK,tko; Fkj s/ p[bQ/ d/ ozr nzdo, v'p-v'p e/ f}zdrh ozrdk jK.

otQK fJE/, fjzd[;skBh ftu eoK rZbK, n?;h neb B{z fSZe/ w?A Nzrdk jK.w?A gzikph gzikp dk ofjD tkbk, ;dk y?o gzikph dh wzrdk jK.

w?A fco'}dhB Foc dh ;[yB-f;nkDg Bkb nZyo-p-nZyo ;fjwsjK fe j[D d/ ;w/A ftu p/FZe n;hA fjzdh s/ nzro/}h GkFk dk frnkBjkf;b eohJ/. fJj jh BjhA ;r'A n;hA d[BhnK dhnK j'o GkFktK s/;fGnkukoK dh ikDekoh th }o{o gqkgs eohJ/. go i' w[Zy rZb j?, T[jfJj j? fe gzikph ns/ gzikphns dh nkgDh j'Ad Bk rtkJhJ/.

T[ZXo i/ n;hA gkfe;skBh gzikp dh rZb bJhJ/ sK w[;bwkBK dhwkdoh }[pkB noph s/ cko;h ojh j?. fJBQK }[pkBK ftu fjzd';skBh}[pkBK s/ yk; s"o #s/ gzikph GkFk d/ fwbkg Bkb bFeo Gkt T[od{ c"iKdh }[pkB ti'A ftef;s j'fJnk. }kfjo j? fe c"i ftu jo fyZs/ s/ jospe/ d/ b'e Fkfwb j[zd/ jB. fJ; bJh c"iK dh }[pkB nfijh bFeoh}[pkB j[zdh j?, i' fe jo fe;/ dk p[Zsk ;ko ;edh j't/. ;' fJ; soQKbfjzd/ gzikp ftu th gzikph dk p'bpkbk fojk j?. p/FZe g{oph gzikpftu gzikph fbZgh r[ow[yh ojh j?. go gZSwh gzikp ftu w[ZY s'A jhgzikph }[pkB dh fbZgh Fkjw[yh Gkt T[od{ d/ nZyo oj/ jB.

p/FZe T[ZXo gkfe;skB ftu th j[D fes/-fes/ gzikph }[pkB d/ fybkcGzvh-gquko fijk F[o{ j' frnk j?l go ;kv/ T[ZXob/ rtKYh gzikph thoK d/nFe/ ikJhJ/, fijV/ fe nfijh F'F/pk}h B{z bzw/ jZEhA b?Ad/ jB. pkpk B}whtor/ sK nkgD/ f;Zfynk wzsoh B{z fJE'A sZe efj fdzd/ jB feL-

fBzfdnk w/oh wK p'bh dh eo e/ s{z, fdsh nkgDh iks ftyk UfJ Fhd/ Fkj.;Zub, tko;, \ohd, GNkJh fJe' ij/, rzdhnK nZyK ;k\ eok UfJ Fhd/ Fkj.w/ok fto;k, MZfbnK tKr ;wz[do d/, nkgD/ ftjV/ Mksh gk UfJ Fhd/ Fkj.

96

M[b;/ s/ok i[Z;k, s/oh ihG ;V/, j't/ s/ok w[e w[ekn UfJ Fhd/ Fkj.j/m ;dk Bh ofjDk, wzik u"Xo dk, oZithA bZGhA io e/ yk UfJ Fhd/ Fkj

fJ; soQK jh ;KJh n]so bkj"oh nkgDh eftsk ftu fbydk j?feL-

p'bh tko; dh Bk id se j'T{ bkr{, T[d'A she BjhA t?oh B{z mZbQ g?Dh.s[;h p/ihG/, rz[r/, wK fwjNo s[jkvh fJj gzikphT[ nZb g?Dh.wK wo/ s/ g[Zso B/ o[b iKd/, fgT[ B/ j'o eoBh ;hB/ ;Zb g?Dh.UVe eoBk @fBp/Vk# gzikphnK B/ fSzM nZi g?Dh, Gkt/A eb g?Dh.

fJ; s'A nZr/ T[;skd eth dkwB dk fgnko T[; dh eftsk dkwB d/w'sh ftu t/yD tkbk j?. T[j fbydk j? feL-

w?B{z eJhnK B/ nkfynk eJh tkoh, s{z b?Dk gzikph dk BK SZv d/.r'd ihjdh #u gb e/ itkB j'fJT[A, T[j wK SZv d/ s/ roK SZv d/.i/ gzikph, gzikph Jh e{eDk Jh, fiE/ ybk yb'sk J/A, EK SZv d/.w?B{z fJzi brd? b'ehA nkyd/ B/, U g[Zsok, nkgDh s{z wK SZv d/.

gkfe;skB d/ jh fJe ;kfjseko fJfbnk; x[zwD B/ fbfynk j? fe@wK p'bh i/ G[Zb ikUr/, eZyK tKr{z o[Zb ikUr/.# fJ; soQK jhT[}p/fe;skB d/ b/ye o;{b jw}ks't B/ nkgDh g[;se @w/ok dkfr;skB#ftu fejk j? @i/ fe;/ B{z pd-d[nk d/Dh j't/ sK ej' fe ik s?Bz{ s/oh wKp'bh G[Zb ikt/.# fJ; soQK J/Fhnk wjKdhg d/ fJ; wjkB b/ye B/ wK p'bhB{z ft;koB ;pzXh jo e"w B{z fJe fusktBh fdZsh j? fe i/ e'Jh ;wkiiK e"w nkgDh wK p'bh B{z G[Zb iKdk j? sK T[j b'e th ysw j' iKd/ jBns/ T[BQK B{z d[BhnK th ft;ko fdzdh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu pj[s jh }o{oh j? fe n;hA gzikph ftu T[od{ }[pkBdk ;'ji, ;[nkd s/ ;{ywsk Fkfwb eohJ/. p/FZe gzikph ftu T[od{, fjzdhiK nzro/}h d/ fwFoD dk e'Jh fj;kp-feskp j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe fit/AnkN/ ftu wkV/-w'N/ b{D dh fwbktN sK g[Zr ;edh j?l go b{D ftu nkNkj'D tKr gzikph ftu d{ih }[pkB dk fwFoD fpbe[b BjhA g'Ajdk. p/FZeo'}woQk dh rZbpks ftu nzro/}h GkFk dk e'Jh Fpd fbyD iK T[ukoDeoB dh i/ b'V g?Adh j? sK T[j y[ZbQ e/ fbyhJ/ s/ p'bhJ/. go Fos f;ocfJj j? fe ;kvh nzro/}h th mhe j'Dh ukjhdh j?l Bk fe fJj j[D tKr{z

97

;kvh r[bkph fJzrfbF, fjzrfbF s/ fjzdfbF BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh.

ni'e/ ;fwnK ftu id'A fe ;kok ;z;ko ;zuko s/ nktkikJh d/ftef;s ;kXBK ;dek rb'pb gZXo #s/ fJe xo-gfotko fijk pDfojk j?. fJ; jkbs ftu e'Jh joi BjhA fe Ne;kbh gzikph p'bh ftuth T[BhA-fJZeh dk coe nk ikt/. fw;kb ti'A rZvh B{z b'j-gZE rkwBh s/f;rBb B{z nkts-ikts fdFk ;{ue :zso efjD Bkb'A fJj fes/ uzrk j't/fe n;hA j[D i' rZvh s/ f;rBb efj oj/ jK fJ; ftu th e'Jh p[okJhBk ;wMhJ/. fvgNh efwFBo B{z nk:[es efjD dh pikJ/ w?A w/o/ tor/eJh gzikph thoK B{z fdZbh whfNzrK ftu fJe-d' tkoh rbsh BkbnfG:[es Gkt d'Fh efjzd/ ;[fDnk j?. fJ; bJh w/ok ftuko j? fe vhH;hHB{z fvgNh efwFBo jh efjzd/ ojhJ/. fJ; soQK jh n;hA fJzihBhno B{znfG:zsk pDkT[D dh pikJ/ fJzihBhno jh ofjD dJhJ/.

fBo;zd/j w/o/ fJ; ftuko Bkb gzikph GkFk pko/ w/oh ;w[Zuh ;'u dknkgk fto'Xh gqrNk fijk j[zdk j?. go don;b fJj ;Zu j? fe F[o{ s'Aj[D sZe d[BhnK Go dhnK GkFktK fJe-d{i/ s'A ;'jDh, ekoro s/ekonkwd Fpdktbh nDw'fVnk T[Xko b?AdhnK ojhnK jB. fJ; bJhid'A dh T[od{ GkFk n;hA pkovo gko bzxkJh j?, T[d'A s'A jh ;kvh gzikphfjzdh s/ nzro/}h d/ n;o j/m nkgDk ti{d fijk jh rtk u[Zeh j?.

tho'! wzfBnk ik ;edk j? fe d[Bhnk B{z ikDB bJh n;hA ;z;ko dk;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; }o{o nzro/}h GkFk ftu gVQhJ/. go id'A nkgD/;kfjs, ;ZfGnkuko s/ fJfsjk; dh rZb eohJ/ sK nkgDh wK p'bh dk wkDoZyhJ/ s/ pV/ \yo Bkb gzikph ftu rZb eohJ/. i/ o{;, coK;, iowBhs/ fJ;okJhb tor/ j'o th S'N/ d/FK d/ nkr{ s/ B[wkfJzd/ :{Hn?ZBHUH sZenkgDh okFNoh GkFk ftu jh rZb eod/ jB sK fco n;hA nkg; ftufJe-d{i/ Bkb nzro/}h p'bD s/ ;wMD-;wMkT[D bJh feT[A w[VQe'-w[VQehj'J/ fcod/ jK< fJ; ;zdoG ftu wso/Jh wK torh ftd/Fh GkFk bJh;kvk b'V s'A tZX w'j-fgnko s/ ;kvh r[bkw fijh wkBf;esk t/y e/ ;kvhwK p'bh gzikphl ;kB{z wktK tork fBj'ok fdzdh j? fe @tkj UJ/! gzikphwK fdT[ ;g{s'l s[jkvk oZp okyk.

p/FZe ;w/A-;w/A w"e/ dhnK ;oekoK B/ gzikph Bz{ d\soh GkFk pDkT[D

98

s/ bkr{ eoB dhnK e'fFFK ehshnK jB, go e[Zb fwbke/ gzuK dk fejkf;o wZEk s/ goBkbk T[E/ dk T[E/ tkbh rZb jh ojh j?. ]?o! Gbk j't/;kpek w[Zy wzsoh gzikp ;qL bSwD f;zx frZb dk fe fi; B/ nkgD/ nbgfij/ oki Gkr ;w/A nk}kdh fwbD s'A 22 ;kb pknd sZe th ub ojhd\soh gqXkB GkFk nzro/}h dh EK ;G s'A gfjbK gzikph GkFk B{z bkr{ehsk. T[; s'A pknd ed/-edkJhA p; tesh s"o #s/ gzikph GkFk seohpBjo ;oeko B/ bkr{ eoB dh nZX-guZXh fijh e'fFF ehsh j?.

fJj ;kvh nkw ikDekoh dh rZb j? fe ;kv/ ftdtkB p[ZXhihth thnkgD/ gzikph ftF/ #s/ fby/ F'X gZsoK B{z nzro/}h ftu g/F eod/ oj/ jB.fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ gqFk;fBe nfXekoh s/ okiBhfse nkr{ b'eK #s/ fJjgqGkt gkT[D bJh fe T[j pV/ gVQ/ fby/ jB, nzro/}h GkFk dk ne;o;jkok b?Ad/ jB. fJE'A sZe fe nkw b'e th Gkt/A 10-12 iwksK jh gVQ/j'D go nzro/}h B{z w{zj wkod/ jB. fi; dk Bshik fJj j[zdk j? fe fijVhnzro/}h T[j p'bd/ jB T[; dk Bkw jh r[bkph fJzrfbF g? frnk j?.gzikph GkFk dh d[orsh s/ nzro/}h bJh ;kv/ fgnko ;pzXh fJj jh fejkik ;edk j? fe pZb/ UJ/ F/o'! fJT[A jh X{V ftu NZN{ GikJh uZb'. fJBQKjkbksK ftu gzikph nykD iZN sK iZN dk ns/ G'b{ BkokfJD dk nB[;kogzikph GkFk s/ ;w[Zu/ gzikphnK dk nZbQk jh fwjopkB j't/.

fJE/ fJj th ;wMD dh p/jZd b'V j? fe i/ wK p'bh gzikph jh Bk ojhsK gzikp s/ gzikphns dh j'Ad ns/ ftek; th yso/ ftu j?. nZi fJ;gZy'A gzikph ;ZfGnkuko dk i' iBk}k fBeb fojk j?. T[; dk nzikw sKpZ; e"w bJh gob'ekoh jh ikgdk j?. j'o th FowBke rZb fJj j? fe;wki d/ tv/o/ s/ f;nkD/ fJ; ;wkfie n"yh xVh ftu e'Jh jZb dZ;DiK e'Jh b'VhAdk n"jV-g"jV eoB dh pikJ/ nkgDh ftdtsk dk ;N/iK s'AtfynkB fJT[A fijk eod/ ikgd/ jB fe fit/A efj oj/ j'D fe fceo Bkeo' @@y[Zd jh nwB j' ikJ/rk oky j'B/ e/ pkd.##

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99

o'Ad/ fcod/ jB fe T[BQK dh nzro/}h B{z fjzd';skBhnK B/ r[bkph nzro/}hpDk fdZsk j?

p/FZe fJe wB brdh dbhb sK fJj j? fe nzro/}h d[Bhnk dhseohpB nZXh t;'A dh GkFk j?. fJ; bJh fpBK FZe fJ; ;zdoG ftunkgK Gkt/A izw-izw nzro/}h gVQhJ/ s/ p'bhJ/. Gkt/A nzro/} ;kfjseko;?e;ghno, F?bh, ehN; iK poBkov Fkn nkfd s'A T[BQK d/ ;kfjsGzvkoK dh ikDekoh jkf;b eohJ/. go nkgDh Xosh d/ izwgb ;kfjsekoKGkJh tho f;zx, XBh okw ukfsqe, gq'L g{oB f;zx, gq'L w'jB f;zx s/ fFte[wko pNkbth tor/ nB/eK gzikph wK p'bh d/ ;g{sK B{z jw/FK f;o-wZE/oZyhJ/ s/ T[BQK B{z G[bkT[D dh ed/ th nkswxksh G[Zb Bk eohJ/. fJ; soQKjh p/FZe d[Bhnk dk fJfsjk; ikDhJ/. go gzikp d/ FkBk-wZs/ e[opkBhnKGog{o fJfsjk;e fto;/ dk ukBD th gqkgs eohJ/ ns/ nZr/ d[Bhnk ftuBFo eohJ/.

;' rZb uZb ojh ;h fe p/FZe n;hA gzikph dh pdpysh, ezpysh s/d[odFk bJh ;oekoK s/ ftfdne ;z;EktK B{z e;{otko mfjokJhJ/, gofJ; gZy'A n;hA ;ko/ jh fe;/ Bkb'A th xZN BjhA jK. nZi-eZbQ b/yeK,n]pkoK tkfbnK s/ yk; s"o #s/ e[ZM e[ NhHthH u?BbK dh rZb sK i/ Bkjh eohJ/ sK uzrk j?. p/FZe n;hA ;ko/ NkjoK sK fJj wkod/ jK fe n;hAgzikph s/ gzikphns B{z fco s'A ;[oihs eoKr/. go d/yD B{z e[ZM j'o jhfwbdk j?. fJe fw;kb ti'A Fjhd Grs f;zx dk 23 wkou B{z FjhdhfdjkVk ;h. fJe NhHthH u?Bb s'A EZb/ gzikph dh fJe gZNh uZb ojh ;h,fi; #s/ fbfynk j'fJnk ;h @@BtK Ffjo fty/ 23 wkou B{z @FfjdK# dke"wh fdjkVk wBkfJnk ik fojk j?.##

fJ; soQK jh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ iBw fdB d/ ;pzX ftu r[og[opd/ gktB nt;o #s/ uzvhrVQ dh fJe j'o NhHthH u?Bb s'A fJj Fpd T[Gooj/ ;B @@r[o{ g{op X{w Xkw Bkb wBkJhnk frnk.## fwsh 30 i{B B{z sKfJe Bkwto gzikph u?Bb B/ sK ;eo'b gZNh #s/ @v/Y ;kb# gfjbK fbyDdh pikJ/ @Y/v ;kb# gfjbK fby e/ ewkb jh eo fdZsh j?. fco f;ZswfJj j? fe pV/ tkoh doFeK tb'A nfijhnK tZvhnK rabshnK tZb stZi'AfdtkT[D d/ pkti{d th u?Bb NZ; s'A wZ; BjhA j' oj/ s/ fco th nkgD/

100

nkg B{z gzikph dh nbzpodko j'D dk dw Go oj/ jB.

i/ nfijhnK ny"sh gzE fjs?Fh u?BbK dhnK j'o r?o f}zw/tkokBkrabshnK d/yhJ/ sK pZ; @nZbQk-nZbQk y?o ;ZbQk# tkbh rZb jh B}o nkT[Adhj?. fw;kb ti'A fJ; ;kb 2011 ftu ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp gkfsFkjdk iBw fdjkVk sK BkBeFkjh e?bzvo w[skfpe 5 i[bkJh B{z nkfJnk j?.go fJ; u?Bb s'A fJ; ;pzXh 5 i[bkJh B{z ]po fdzd/ j'J/ d' tko S/t/AgksFkj dk iBw fdB 5 wJh B{z j'Dk dZf;nk frnk.

fJ; soQK jh o/vhU ns/ yk; s"o #s/ NhHthH u?BbK s'A gzikph d/nBkT{A;o T[go'es fpzdh, fNZgh, n"AeV, d[b?AeV, D, B, j'Vk s/ eB"Vk d/rbs gq:'r ekoB fJzBh jk;'-jhDh g/Fekoh eod/ jB fe gzikph GkFkB{z ;[oihs sK eh eoBk ;hl ;r'A fJT[A ikgdk j? fe n;hA gzikph wK p'bhdh nzfsw nodk; eo oj/ jK. n;hA ;ko/ ob e/ ns/ yk; s"o #s/ ;oekos/ ;oeko dk GkFk ftGkr s/ ;fGnkuko ftGkr xkT{A-wkT{A fijhnt;Ek ftu fJ; n\;';Bke tosko/ d/ u[Zg-rV[Zg doFe pD/ j'J/ jK.nkgDh wK p'bh ns/ nkgDh ;z;feqsh ;pzXh nkgDh fJ; x'rVezBhx/;btZN d/ wkV/ Bshi/ gqsZy j' oj/ jB. j[D sK d';s'! ed/-ed/ fJT[Aikgdk j? fe fizBk wo}h }'o bk bU, ;kv/ dcsoK, p}koK s/ ;kv/ xoKftu nzro/}h s'A ;kvk ed/ th yfjVk BjhA S[ZNDk.

j[D ;w/A dh wzr fJj j? fe p/wsbp d/ pfj;pk}h s/ j'o ny"shftdtsk dhnK bzphnK u"VhnK dbhbK dh EK FkfJo @Fjkp ikcoh# Bkb T[;d/ fFno @fJXo-T[Xo eh pks Bk eo, :/ psk fe ekfcabk feT{A b[Nk# BkbnkgDh ntk} fwbk e/ nkgD/ okiBhfse nkr{nK, :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ w[yhnKs/ f;fynk p'ovK d/ u/now?BK B{z f;ZXk g[ZShJ/ fe T[BQK B/ nekb g[oy dhfeogk Bkb fJZv/-fJZv/ o[sp/ sK b? bJ/ jB, go tkfjr[o{ s/ e"w d/ F[eokB/ti'A T[BQK B/ ;wki s/ yk; s"o #s/ B"itkB ghVQh B{z eh fdZsk j?. fJ; bJhT[BQK dh fJ; tZvh nDrfjbh s/ rbsh dk itkp b?Dk pDdk j?.

;'! fJ; soQK ;kv/ Xkofwe, p"fXe s/ f;Zfynk Fk;sohnK B{z fJjefjD dh b'V j? fe T[j fJXo-T[Xo dhnK NogZbhnK wkoB dh pikJ/fJ; nfjw e"wh w[Zd/ ;pzXh f;ZXh-f;ZXh itkpd/jh eoB. fJ; ;pzX ftufJe nrkT{A u/sktBh ti'A G/s tkbh rZb fJj ;wMDh ukjhdh j? fe ;kv/

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d/F d/ ftXkB w[skfpe okiBhfse s/ gqFk;e jh ;kv/ ofjpo s/ ofjB[wkjB. go id'A e'Jh ;kv/ ftu'A tZv/ B/sk iK gqFk;e pD iKd/ jB sK b'eGbkJh iK ;fGnkuko pko/ fceo fijhnK rZbK T[BQK bJh p/noE j'iKdhnK jB. rohph jNkT[D, p/o[}rkoh d{o eoB iK fco wks GkFk dh]po;ko b?D tor/ w;b/ T[BQK dh gqkfJoNh Gkt soihjh ;{uh ftu jhBjhA nkT[Ad/.

;kv/ fJBQK wkor doFeK dk ;kok ;wK sK nkgDk oki Gkr ubkT[Ds/ ekfJw oZyD dh ;'u s/ fceo ftu jh phs iKdk j?. @xo dk G/sh bzekYkJ/# d/ nykD nB[;ko ;kB{z ;G B{z fJj frnkB j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe E'V/ehfsnK ;kvhnK ;w/A-;w/A dhnK ;oekoK ;w/A dh ocsko nB[;ko nkgD/;[nkoE s/ bkbu d/ ekoB ne;o fJ; gqEkfJ nDrfjbh eodhnKojhnK jB. fJ; bJh ;kB{z nkgD/ nkg B{z th fBoSb s/ fBFegN j' e/e"w #s/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK d/ uzr/ GftZy bJh ezw eoBk gt/rk.

fJ; bJh fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikph wK p'bh B{z oki GkFk ti'A fJ; dkpDdk wkD ;BwkB fdtkT[D d/ co} s'A w"e/ dhnK ;oekoK, p[ZXhihthnK s/nc;oFkjh B{z u/szB eohJ/. go fJ; d/ Bkb jh f;oc s/ f;oc d' rZbK jhj'o eoBhnK pDdhnK jB. gfjbh rZb sK fJj eoBh pDdh j? fe n;hA ;Gs'A gfjbK nkgD/ jh nzdo gzikph s/ gzikphns dk ;t?wkD g[Bo ;[oihseohJ/ s/ pV/ \]o Bkb n}kd e"wK tKr{z d[BhnK ftu ftuohJ/.

fco d{ih rZb fJj eoBh pDdh j? fe tZvhnK ekBcoz;K, eBt?ABFBKs/ tZvhnK whfNzrK ftu p/wsbp dh pfj;pk}h s/ j'o ny"sh ftdtsk d/ftykt/ dh EK fBoDkfJe s/ gq?eNheb c?;b/ eohJ/. fco fJ; s'A pkndoki ;Zsk tkbhnK gkoNhnK B{z fJ; gqEkfJ e'Jh fBZro s/ m' ekotkJheoB bJh wip{o eohJ/. ;w[Zuh e"w s/ yk; s"o #s/ t'NoK tb'A nkT[DtkbhnK u'DK ftu fJj rZb :ehBh pDtkJh ikt/ fe oki Gkr dhnKnfGbkFh gkoNhnK nkgD/ u'D wB'oE gZsoK ftu gzikp dh y[Fjkbh s/gzikphns dh GbkJh tk;s/ ;kvh nwho ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko;pzXh fwshpZX J/izv/ Fkwb eoB. t?;/ gzikph wK p'bh bJh ;kv/ tb'A j[DsZe ehs/ y/yDK s/ eoD gbkjK s'A sK fJj jh brdk j? fe rkfbp mhejh efjzdk j? feL-

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T[B e/ d/y/ ;/ i' nk iksh j? w{zj g/ o"Bet[j ;wMs/ j?A fe phwko ek jkb nZSk j?

d';s'! j[D sK fJT[A ikgdk j? fe fizBK wo}h }'o bk bU, ;kv/;wki, ;fGnkuko s/ ;oekoK ftu nzro/}h s'A ed/ BjhA yfjVk S[ZNDk s/gzikph B{z ed/ th fe;/ B/ BjhA g[ZSDk. ;' gzikph, gzikphns s/ gzikph;fGnkuko d/ w;b/ s/ fJBQK dh g[Bo ;[oihsh j[D fe;wsh b/y/ pD rJ/jB. nfij/ x'o ;zeNK ftu gzikph ;'u w[skfpe jh BjhA, ;r'A okFNoh;'u w[skfpe th i/ pzd/ dh f}zdrh ftu fGnkBe jkd;k tkgo ikt/ iKf;o/ dk f;js ;zeN nk ikt/ sK ;kvh wkBsk j? fe i/ T[; pzd/ dh T[woftT[-wksk B/ tZX fbyh j? sK T[; B{z ;Zs'-y?oK jB ns/ T[; dk e'Jh tkbth ftzrk BjhA eo ;edk. go i/ pzd/ dh T[wo jh xZN fbyh j? sK GkJhT[; B{z e'Jh pukn BjhA ;edk. fJ; nB[;ko j[D sK ;Zu-w[Zu jh fJT[Abrdk j? fe gzikph p'bh dk GftZy sK tXh-xNh dk b/yk pD frnk j?.go fJ; ;G ek;/ d/ pkti{d th ;kvh wK p'bh gzikph B/ nkgDhnKp[fBnkdh f;\sK ;dek nkgD/ gzikph g[ZsK B{z uVQdh ebk dh r[VQsh d/Dhj?. pZ; gzikphnK B{z nkgDh wK p'bh B{z ngDkT[D dh }o{os j?.

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6

wjK fteokb B?fse s/ p"fXe fGqFNkukonZi ;kvk d/F s/ e"w wkBf;e s/ B?fse fGqFNkuko d/ wjK-fteokb

d?As d/ dog/F j?, fi; tZb fe;/ pkp/ s/ fe;/ pkbe/ dk fXnkB jh BjhAfrnk. ;kv/ d/F ftu c?b/ fJ; ;otftnkgh fGqFNkuko dk w[Zy ekoBfJj j? fe ;kv/ e"wh nkuoD s/ ;kvhnK B?fse edoK ehwsK ftu tZvkfBxko nk frnk j?. ;kvk ;[nkoE Gog{o e"wh nkuoD s/ ;kvhnK fvZrojhnK B?fse edoK-ehwsK w[be ftu c?bh gq/FkBh s/ ftdo'jh ;[oKtk;s/ w[Zy s"o #s/ f}zw/tko jB.

fGqFNkuko fJe nfij/ nFNG[ik s/Ad{J/ tKr j?, fi; d/ nZm' jZE uko/gk;/ ;kvh ;dkukfoe froktN d/ o{g ftu ekb/ XB, }yho/pk}h,w[Bk\ky'oh, foFtsy'oh, u'oh-uekoh, fwbktNy'oh, pdfdnkBsh s/p/JhwkBh pDe/ ;kv/ ;ko/ ;wki ftu c?b/ j'J/ jB. fJ; s/Ad{J/ o{ghfGqFNkuko dhnK iVQK ;kvh r[bkw }fjBhns ftu b[ehnK j'JhnK jB.do-jehes f;o/ dh rZb fJj j? fe j[D ;kv/ ;wki ftu p"fXe s/ B?fsefGqFNkuko g"Vh dk nrbk vzvk NZg e/ ftGuko d/ e'm/ uVQ frnk j?.

n;hA n}kd j'D d/ pkti{d th nkgDh ;dhnK s'A ubh nk ojh r[bkwwkBf;esk d/ ekoB d/F fgnko, e"wh ;t?wkD s/ e"wh nkuoD s'A ofjsT{D/-p"D/ s/ e'o/-;ZyD/ jK. fJ; bJh @;" jZE oZ;k s/ f;o/ T[s/ rzY# dhbe'esh nB[;ko ;kv/ e"wh nkuoD ftu fBxko jh w[Zy s"o #s/ ;kvhnKXkofwe, B?fse s/ ;dkukfoe edoK-ehwsK ftu nkJh froktN dk w{bekoB pfDnk j?. wB[Zyh nkuoD s/ ;wkfie ;dkuko dhnK ;hwktKpVhnK ftFkb jB. n;hA g{oph ;fGnsk tkb/ nkuoD Bz{ pV/ jh ;ze[fusB}ohJ/ s'A d/yd/ jK fe fijVk nkdwh ekwtk;Bk tZb T[bko j?, T[jpdfJybke j?.

id'A fe ;ZukJh sK fJj j? fe fijVk pzdk pdfdnkBsh, p/JhwkBh,u'oh, gorwB, foFtsy'oh, F'FD iK j'o wkVhnK gqftoshnK d/ ekoBB?fse edoK ehwsK d/ fe;/ th }kthJ/ s'A g{ok yok BjhA T[sodk sK T[;B{z ufosojhD fejk ik ;edk j?. ;kv/ ;wki ftu eohp 60-70 ;kbgfjbK ;kvh ihtB-F?bh s/ ekoftjko dk w{b nXko e[M e[ Xkofwe,

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;dkukfoe s/ ;wkfie oj[-ohsK j'fJnk eodhnK ;B. fJj rZb Gkt/AnZi p/jZd nihp bZr/ go fJj ;Zu j? fe T[d'A fgzvK ftu nkg;hd[FwDhnK j'D d/ pkti{d th fe;/ fto'Xh dh Xh-G?D iK n"os i/ ed/fJeZbh-fJe?joh fe;/ t?oh N'b/ Bz{ okj-y/V/ th fwb iKdh ;h sK T[j T[;Bz{ ;ko/ fgzv dh ;KMh fJZ}s-nkpo{ ;wM e/ T[; dh okyh eod/ ;B. fJjjh ekoB j? fe ;kvh fJe b'e XkoBk pDh j'Jh j? fe u'oK-vke{nK d/jh sK fJybke s/ n;{b jz[d/ jB. fJ; d/ T[bN ;kv/ nkw ;wkfie ubD#s/ fJe eNkeF j? fe fijV/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ pV/ d[ZX X's/ ;wMd/ jB, T[BQKftu u'oK-:koK Bkb'A tZX ykwhnK j[zdhnK jB.

T[BQK ;fwnK ftu fe;/ wod dh goy T[; dh pjkdoh, B/e-Bhsh iKfco T[; dh wkBf;e fdnkBsdkoh d/ nXko #s/ j[zdh ;h. T[; ;w/A i/ e'Jhve?s j[zdk ;h sK T[j gZek vke{ jh j[zdk ;h ns/ i/ e'Jh ;kX j[zdk ;h sKT[j ;Zuh-w[Zuh ;zs jh j[zdk ;h. ;r'A j[D tKrz{ @Feb w'wBK s/ eos{sekcoK# tkbh rZb BjhA j[zdh ;h. T[d'A T[; ;w/A nB[;ko pzd/ dh Fy;hnsBz{ wkgD d/ fwnko s/ wkgdzv th tyo/ jh j[zd/ ;B. w/o/ dkdk ih fejkeod/ ;B fe T[j pzdk jh eh j?, fi; d/ uko fwso s/ nZm d[FwD Bkj'D. fJ; dk Gkt fJj ;h fe pzd/ d/ d[FwD T[; dk fto'X s/ nb'uBkeoe/ T[; dh Fy;hns Bz{ fBykod/ jB. ;kvh fJe b'eXkok j? fe@;[jZgD T[j fi; B{z ;"AeD th ;bkj/#. fJ; gq;zr ftu w/oh th fJe fBZihXkoBk j? fe fe;/ th pzd/ Bz{ T[; d/ fwsZo-;B/jh sK ;bkj[zd/ jh jBl goi/ fe;/ pzd/ dk ;jh w[bKeD eoBk j't/ sK T[j Fy;hns jh ekfpb/skoh\ j[zdh j?l fi; Bz{ T[; d/ uko d[FwD th efjD fe pzdk tkfenk jhuzrk j?.

pfjojkb ;kv/ ftu e"wh gZXo #s/ ;kvh nkuofDe froktN d/ekoB ;w[Zu/ d/F B{z ;wkfie, okiBhfse s/ nkofEe d[FtkohnK dk;kjwDk eoBk g? fojk j?. go fJj th ;ZukJh j? fe n}kdh s'A pknd;kv/ fJ; ;ko/ fGqFNkukoh eEkfBe dh e?Bt; n;hA nkg jh fusoh s/T[eoh j?. ;' fJ; bJh j[D ;kvh e"w dh j'Dh d/ n;hA y[d jh fus/o/ jK.go nc;';iBe rZb fJj j? fe @nkg/ ckEVhJ/ s?B{z e"D S[vkt/# d/ e[doshB/w nB[;ko j[D ntkw B{z yk; s"o #s/ fGqFNkuko ;pzXh dog/FwkwfbnK-w;fbnK d/ n;hA y[d jh f}zw/tko jK.

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fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj tkfjr[o{ dh eo'gh jh ;wMhJ/ fe ni/ thfjzd';skB ftu wkBf;e pdfdnkBsh, B?fse froktN, fwbktN s/w[Bk\ky'oh tor/ wjK-fGqFNkukoK B{z ekb/ XB s/ o[gJ/-g?;/ d/ fGqFNkukos'A xZN xkse ;wfMnk ik fojk j?. id'A fe ;ZukJh fJj j? fe wkBf;epdfdnkBsh s/ nkuoD dhnK ew}''ohnK jo fe;w d/ fGqFNkuko B{z iBwfdzdhnK jB. fco fJj th ;'uD ;wMD tkbh rZb j? fe g?;/-Ne/ d/fGqFNkuko Bkb pzdk S/sh BjhA wodk. go fBo;zd/j g?;/-X/b/ dh }]ho/pk}h s/ w[Bk\ky'oh Bkb fGqFNkuko dh Xh wfjzrkJh dk iBw j[zdk j?.p/FZe wfjzrkJh j[D ;kv/ xo dh B{zj-Xh tKr jh pD u[eh j? ns/ fJ;Bkb j[D n;hA n"y/-;"y/ t;/pk eoBk th f;Zy fbnk j?. go ftukoB tkbhrZb fJj j? fe fit/A fJe tZv/ ;w[zdoh ijk} B{z fJe S'Nh fijh w'oh v[p';edh j?, fpbe[b T[; soQK jh ;kvhnK fJj nkofEe, ;wkfie s/okiBhfse tfjtsK fJe fdB d/F dk p/Vk v'pDrhnK.

fGqFNkuko dh ;G s'A xkse ;wkfie s/ nkofEe nbkws fwbktNy'ohj?, fi; d/ ekoB wB[Zy dk ihtB nXko e'Jh th y[oke yk; s"o #s/ d[ZXs/ d[ZX dhnK pDhnK t;sK, nkNk-dkbK s/ cb-;p}hnK ;kohnK jh}fjohbh fwbktN dh wko dk fFeko jB. ;kBz{ ;G B{z gsk j? fe wZMKB{z }fjohbhnK dtkJhnK d/ Nhe/ bkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJ; soQK jh eZd{-s'ohnKdhnK t/bK B{z e?wheb d/ Nhe/ bkJ/ iKd/ jB. nzp-nzr{o s/ cb-co{N sK@wkJh wfjzrkJh# d/ ;dek nkw nkdwh dh gj[zu s'A pkjo j' rJ/ jB. ;r'Arohp dk F"ehnk ykik sop{} th j[D NhekeoB d/ ekoB pzpK tKr;o/-p}ko @fwbktNy'oh d/ Xwke/# d/ o{g ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ cN fojk j?.

;'u e/ t/yhJ/ sK ykD-ghD dh fJe th t;s fwbktN s'A fpBK BjhAj?. ;r'A jo fJe pzd/ d/ wB ftu fJe ;[nkb j? fe j[D ykJhJ/ sK ehykJhJ/< w/o/ fynkb ftu fwbktNh nbw-rbw ykD Bkb'A nkw pzd/ dktZX B[e;kB fwbktNy'oh d/ ;fjw s/ vo s'A T[gih fuzsk eo ojh j?. gofe;/ th ;oeko iK ;z;Ek dk d/F ftnkgh fwbktN s/ pDktN d/ fJ;wko{ o'r tZb fXnkB BjhA j?.

fgSb/ d' e[ djkfenK s'A ;kv/ ;wki ftu nkgfDnK tb'A jh nkofEeF'FD d/ d' o{g jtkbk eko'pko s/ ep{sopk}h gqsZy gqrN j'J/ jB. eo'VK

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fjzd';skBhnK s/ yk; eoe/ gzikph b'eK dh fwjBs s/ g;hB/ dh ewkJhB{z F'FD dhnK tXhnk fsi'ohnK ftu pzd eoe/ ;ftN}ob?Av s/ j'o w[beKd/ p?AeK ftu ekb/ XB d/ o{g ftu jtkbk eko'pko okjhA oZfynk ik fojkj?. d[yKs fJj j? fe fJ; ekb/ XB d/ skio j[D r'Arb{nK s'A fwZNh MkVBtKr ns/ b'eK ;kjwD/ wrowZS d/ nZEo{ tjkn oj/ jB fe ekb/ XB Bkbjh w[be dk eJh ;kb tk;s/ piN uZb ;edk j?. fJ; bJh ekbk XBd/F ftu fbnkT[Dk pj[s }o{oh j?, go d[BhnK ikDdh th j? s/ ;wMdhth j? fe fJj b'e nkgD/ nkg bJh b'egkb fpZb tor/ fgzio/ feT[ApDkT[Dr/ fe fi; ftu fJj nkg jh c;d/ j'D.

fJ; soQK jh eo'VK B"itkBK s/ yk; s"o #s/ gVQ/ fby/ B"itkBK dhp/ekoh s/ p/o[}rkoh dk ckfJdk T[mk e/ ;kv/ jh ;wki d/ wkV/ b'e s/ wkV/nB;o ep{sopk}h d/ eko'pko Bkb gqc[Zbs j' oj/ jB. T[BQK tb'A ftd/FK ftu G/i/ rJ/ B"itkB iK sK okj ftu jh ;w[zdoK ftu wo-yZg iKd/jB s/ iK fco ftd/FK ftu T[E'A dh X{V fwZNh SkDd/ jh wo iKd/ jB. goB"itkBK Bkb nfijk ep{sopk}h d[nkok d/j tgko eoB tkfbnK B{z e'Jh;oeko s/ e'Jh dopko BjhA g[ZSdk. fJ; gZy'A gzikp ftu itkBh o[b ojhj?, go T[BQK B{z ;wki s/ ;oekoK tb'A e'Jh UN-nk;ok BjhA fwb fojk.wrowZSK tKr jzM{ tjkT[D s'A fpBK ;oekoK tb'A B"itkBK d/ GftZy bJhe'Jh ;zihdk s/ m'; T[Zdw-T[gokbk BjhA ehsk ik fojk.

;kv/ d/F ftu fJ; s'A th fes/ tZX fJe j'o wjK-fteokb fGqFNkuko;kv/ e"wh nkuoD ftu fBxko ns/ ;kvhnK B?fse edoK ehwsK ftufroktN d/ o{g ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ sKvt Bku BZu fojk j?. ;kv/ ftu e"whgZXo #s/ ;dkuko s/ nkuoD dhnK ew}'ohnK dk gqsZy ibtk Go{DjZfsnk, :"B F'FD, pbkseko s/ esb'rkos d/ o{g ftu fdB-dhthA gqrNj' fojk j?. fJ; gZy'A j'o th nc;';iBe rZb fJj j? fe n;hA @Febw'wBK s/ eos{s ekfcoK# dh Fq/Dh ftu nkT[Ad/ jK feT[A fe n;hA NkjoKsK nkgDh @wjkB g{oph ;fGnsk s/ ;z;feqsh# dhnK wkod/ jK, gonkuoD d/ gZy'A ;kvh eos{s iKrbh s/ n;fGne ;fGnksktK torh j?.

fJ; s'A fpBK j'o th fuzskwDh dh rZb fJj j? fe n;hA efjzd/ e[ZMjK, go eod/ e[ZM j'o jh jK. fJ; soQK ;kvh efjDh-eEBh s/ ;kvh

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eoBh-GoBh ftu pj[s tZvk nzso j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe ;kv/ ;w[Zu/;wkfie tosko/ dk ;o{g @prb w/ S[oh, w{zj w/ okw-okw# dh b'ef;nkDg w[skfpe jh pD u[ek j?. n;hA nkgD/ fJBQK d'jo/ wkgdzvK d/ekoB nkg th pj[o{ghJ/ j' rJ/ jK. ;kv/ w{zj-w[jKdo/ th pdb rJ/ jB.rZb eh ;kv/ w{zjK dh EK #s/ j[D wy"N/ B}o nkT[Ad/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJFkfJo @nFo r"oh# dk efjDk j? feL-

t[j okw e"B ;/ fujo'A eh sfj w/A p?mk j?jo fJe F]; s' oktD fdykJh d/sk j?

fco T[j efjzdk j? feL-

J/e fujok j' s' gVQ ;esk j{zjo e'Jh nypko brk j? w[M e'

fJ; gq;zr ftu n"os ;wki tk;s/ w[ZY-edhw s'A jh g[oF ;wki B/d'jo/ wkgdzv ngDkJ/ j'J/ jB. fJe gk;/ wod ;wki n"os B{z iDBh s/noXKrBh efjzdk j? s/ d{i/ gk;/ fJ; B{z p}ko{ uh} ;wM e/ nkgDh jt;s/ wzB'oziB dk ;kXB ;wMdk j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe pzdk}ks tb'An"osK dk jo o'} :"B F'FD, pbkseko s/ esb j' oj/ jB. go fJ;d/ Bkb jh nZi fgqzN whvhnk s'A b? e/ N?bhth}BK sZe fJj ]po-;wkuko@Xwkeky/} s/ ;B;Bh# ]po;ko d/ o{g ftu nypkoK s/ fBT{} u?BbK dkfFzrko pD oj/ jB. n;hA y[d jh fJe fdB n"os dh nkpo{ B{z sko-skoeod/ jK s/ fco f;Zsw}ohch fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/ nfij/ ubD #s/e'Jh Fow wfj;{; eoB dh pikJ/ nfij/ e'M/ tosko/ B{z nkgDk wzB'oziB;wMd/ jK. fco ;kvk fJj @fuVhnK dh w"s s/ rtkoK dk jk;k# fijkuZbD ;wki dk xNhnk fijk wzB'oziB pD e/ nZi whvhnk dh tZvh ewkJhdk ;kXB pD u[ek j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu w/oh ;wM nB[;ko nZi eZb d/F ftu i/ e'Jh ;Gs'A tZX nB?fse ezw j' fojk j? sK T[j ;kv/ n"os ;wki dh p/edoh j?.i' fe Go{D jZfsnk s'A b? e/ n"os d/ ;ko/ ihtB ekb ftu fdqFNwkBofjzdh j?. n;hA n"os Bz{ irs iBBh, @fis[ izwfj okikB# s/ gsk BjhAj'o eh-eh T[gkXhnK s/ ftF/FD-ftF/F Bkb ;zp'fXs jz[d/ jK. go ;kv/xoK ftu n"osK dh jkbs @pkjo GiB' ;funkoh s/ xo fSZsoK dh wkoh#

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tor/ b'e nykD ;dhnK s'A n"os}ks dh d[odFk fpnkB eo oj/ jB.

n"os ;kvk xo pzBQdh j? s/ ;koh T[wo ;kvk xo ubkT[Adh j?, goftnkj-FkdhnK d/ w"e/ #s/ id'A T[; dh edo dk t/bk nkT[Adk j? sK G{nk-BDd d/ w;fbnK ftu T[; dh p/j[owsh ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh n"ospko/ @nZr/-fgZS/ uzrh s/ fdB-fsT[jko wzdh# fejk frnk j?. wBZ[y dh w[ZYs'A jh fJj fJe B?fse ew}'oh ojh j? fe fJj fi; s'A th c?}:kp jz[dkj? Gkt ckfJdk b?Adk j? T[; tk;s/ fJj ne;o F[eor[}ko s/ feqZsr j'Ddh EK Bk-F[eok s/ nfeqosxD pDdk j?. fJj nc;'; dh rZb j? fe nZid/ ;w/A pzdk ne;o jh fe;/ T[gekoh bJh nfj;kBwzd j'D dh EKnfj;kB cokw'F ;kfps j[zdk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu nkdwh f;qFNh dh ;G s'A i{B ftu nkT[D s'A pkndth ikBtoK Bkb'A th pZdso j[zdk j?. oki eg{o dh fcbw @w/ok Bkwi'eo# d/ fJe rhs d/ p'bK nB[;ko nkdwh Bkb'A ikBto fes/ tZXtckdko jz[dk j?. T[; dk efjDk j? fe ikBto wkbe d/ do s'A fSZso thyKdk j?, go T[; dk t\kdko ofjzdk j?. go fJ; d/ T[bN nkdwh @@wkbfi; ek yksk j?, fgnko fi; ;/ gksk j?, rhs fi; e/ rksk j?, T[; e/;hB/A w/A x'Agsk eNko j?##. fJ; gqEkfJ pkpk p[ZbQ/ Fkj B/ sK j'o th gqsZyFpdK ftu fejk j? feL-

okshA ikr/A eo/A fJpkds, okshA ikrD e[Zs/. s?E'A T[Zs/G"AeD'A pzd w{b Bk j[zd/, ik o{VQh s/ ;[Zs/. s?E'A T[Zs/

];w nkgD/ dk do Bk SZvd/, Gkt/A tZiD i[Zs/. s?E'A T[Zs/p[ZbQ/ Fkj e'Jh o]s ftjki b?, BjhA sK pk}h b? rJ/ e[Zs/. s?E'A T[Zs/

wB[Zyh f\sos dk fJe yk;k fJj th j? fe nkdwh B{z ;ksftefposh Bkb'A T[; dh skwf;e fposh f}nkdk b[GkT[Adh j?. fJ; eoe/ pzd/B{z wkVh uh} ftu'A f}nkdk ;[nkd nkT[Adk j? s/ ne;o jh rabs ezw BkbT[j nkgDh fsqgsh s/ ;zs[FNh wfj;{; eodk j?. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fewB[Zy iBwiks s'A jh nfsqgs nkswk j?, fi; eoe/ fJj w[esh dh Gkbftu ofjzdk j?. go fJj th e[dos dh ftvzpDk j? fe fJB;kB w[eshwkor dhnK sg-fsnkr s/ go;[nkoE torhnK y;bsK B{z fSZe/ Nzr e/n?Fgq;sh s/ fBZi ;[nkoE d/ bV bZrk ofjzdk j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh fJB;kBh

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ikw/ ftu n;hA ;ko/ jh @d/g' ih pDB dh pikJ/ b/g' ih jh pD/ ofjzd/ jK#.fJ; dk ;gFN Gkt fJj j? fe n;hA ;koh f}zdrh go;[nkoE dh EK fBZi;[nkoE B{z jh nkgD/ ihtB dk w[Zy nXko pDkJh oZyd/ jK.

fw;kb ti'A Gkt/A FokpB'Fh, d/j tgko iK c/o e'Jh j'o Go{D jZfsnktork wjK-wkVk ;wkfie e[eow jh j't/, pZ; pzdk T[; B{z y'Nh s'A y'Nhdbhb d/ e/ th nkgD/-nkg B{z mhe f;ZX eoB dk d[okuko eodk j?.;kvh fJ; f\sosh ew}'oh dk s\;ok iBkp fwo}k rkfbp dk fFnopj[s jh Y[Zet/A o{g ftu eodk j?.

rkfbp S[Nh Fokp, go np Gh eGh-eGhghsk j{z o'}/-npo'-Fp/ wjskp w/A

fJ; dk Gkt j? fe f;oc w?A T[; fdB jh ghAdk jK fe fi; fdBn;wkB pZdbK Bkb Yfenk j't/ iK fco pZdbK s'A pr?o j't/. fJj sK T[jrZb j'Jh fe Fokp d/ fgnZeV y[Fh s/ rawh pZ; d' jh w"fenK #s/ FokpghAd/ jB. }kfjo j? fe i/ pzdk rwrhB BjhA sK T[j y[F j?. fJ; tk;s/Fokph pzdk jo jkbs ftu Fokp ghD dk pjkBk bZG b?Adk j?.

fJ; soQK jh pV/ ;fwnK s'A jh e[VhnK wkoB d/ e'M/ gquZbD d/ ;zdoGftu fpbe[Zb fJT[A jh g[oy gqXkB ;wki B/ BkdoFkj s/ npdkbhtofrnK j'o ikpo XkVthnK s/ Bkpo ;efsnK tb'A n"osK dh fJZ}s-nkpo{ b[ZND torhnK XZe/FkjhnK d/ vo'A e[VhnK wkoB dh e'Mh gqftoshB{z mhe ;kps ehsk j?. j[D se th wkV/ pzfdnK B/ Go{D jZfsnk s'A b? e/e[VhnK B{z wkoB fijh wkVh ;wkfie ohsh B{z ne;o jh rbs dbhbhBkb mhe mfjokfJnk j? ns/ fJ; soQK nkgD/ nkg B{z nkgDh G?Vh eos{ss'A poh-T[b-f}wk ehsk j?.

w/oh iku/ T[d'A th wBZ[y B{z fJ; Bkb'A th tZX e[VhnK wkoB dh b'VfJ; bJh wfj;{; j[zdh ;h fe e[Vh d/ fgsk j'D d/ Bks/ T[; dh @jT[w? dkN"ok# ;wki ftu BhtK j[zdk j?. T[d'A izwdhnK e[VhnK B{z w{zj ftu g{Dh s/r[VQ d/ e/ Xosh ftu dZp e/ wko fdZsk iKdk ;h s/ Bkb jh ;[B/j/ o{gh fJjo[Zek oZp B{z G/fink iKdk ;h fe @r[V ykthA, g{Dh eZshA fco nkg Bk nkthA,tho/ B{z xZshA.

;' ;kvh nfijh wkBf;esk T[d'A s'A j[D sZe pDh j'Jh j?. j[D

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XkVthnK dk d"o/-d"oK BjhA j? sK n;hA j[D th e[VhnK B{z Go{D jZfsnk d/o{g ftu wfjzr/ ftnkjK s/ dki dk pjkBk pDke/ wko w[ekT[Dk F[o{ ehskj'fJnk j?. go fJ; ;koh j"bBke Go{D jZfsnk ftfEnk dk fBu'V fJjj? fe g[oy gqXkB ;wki ftu pzd/ dh j?AeV }BkBh #s/ jw/FK jh jkth ojhj?. fJ; tk;s/ nkdwh B/ n"os B{z iBw s'A jh Xh-G?D d/ o{g ftu fdb'A-wB'A ;theko BjhA ehsk. i/ nkdwh xo'A pkjo e'Jh y/j-yokph eoBbJh g?o pkjo eZY/ sK T[j u'po s/ Bjksk x'Vk j?, go fpbe[b fJ; jh;{os ftu i/ e[Vh fe;/ gq/w-gqhs dh GktBk j/m xo'A pkjo fBeb/ sK T[jXosh s/ w"s ns/ gqb'e ftu BoeK dh Gkrh ejkT[Adh j?.

fJ; soQK dh iKrbh }fjBhns tkb/ pzfdnK B/ n"os d/ wK o{g ftu'AiBw b? e/ s/ T[; dh gkbDk ;dek p/FZe ihtB rqfjD sK ehsk j?, gopzd/ B/ ne;o jh n"os Bz{ nyho ftu d[oekfonk j?. n;hA ;ko/ jh ikDd/jK fe n"os B/ wod Bz{ iBw fdZsk j?, go nyho wodK B/ e[Zb ;kokuzrk-wkVk fwbke/ n"os}ks dh p/edoh s/ p/fJZ}sh eoe/ T[BQK Bz{ fJesoQK Bkb ;wkfie ihtB ftu d/j tgko torh wzvh tZb jh Xfenk j?.fco fJ; soQK fij/ jh ne;o raohpK dh raohph T[BQK d/ nkVQ/ nkJh j?.fi; eoe/ fe;/ raohp dh wip{oh dk \kfJdk T[mk e/ T[; dh Xh B{zftnkj d/ Bkw #s/ XZpkB[wk eo/tk wkso o;w Bkb n"osK dh yohd'-\o'ys d/ p}ko ftu Xe/b fdZsk iKdk j?. ;kfjo b[fXnkDth n"os d/iBw d/ ;ko/ d[Zy-;zskg Bz{ pV/ Y[Zet/A FpdK ftu fpnkB eodk j? feL-

ip ih ukjk w;bk e[ubk,ip ih ukjk d[seko dhnk:/ p/fJ}s uh} j? i' , pzN iksh j? fJ}sdko'A w/A

FkfJo dk fJj fynkb ;kv/ G?V/ ;wkfie ihtB s/ ;kv/ wkV/ nkuoDdh fpbe[b ;jh s/ ;gFN soiwkBh j?. n"os}ks dh p/edoh s/ feoehdh wz{j p'bdh s;tho j[D gzikp ftu fgzv-fgzv s/ Bro-Bro ftu nkojh j?. gzikp s/ jfonkDk ftu i' Go{D jZfsnk torh wkVh eos{s fuoKs'A ubh nk ojh j?, j[D T[; d/ wkV/ Bshi/ ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nk oj/ jB. j[DfJBQK ;{fpnK ftu wodK d/ w[ekpb/ n"osK dh Gkoh ewh d/ ekoB pkjob/gqd/FK s'A }BkBh sK 35 j}ko ftu fwb iKdh j?. go uzrh wZM 70 j}koftu th Bjh fwbdh. eh fJj d/j tgko dk jh BtK s/ fxBkT[Dk o{g BjhAj? fe fiE/ n"os dh n"eks fJe ikBto fizBh th BjhA j?. fco i/ n"os

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fes/ G[bh-GNeh nkgDhnK GktBktK d/ sfjs e'Jh gq/w-ftnkj eok jhb?Adh j? sK ;kok ;wki @n"Bo fefbzr# Gkt nDy bJh T[; B{z esb eoB#s/ T[sko{ j' iKdk j?. fco ed/ n"os Bz{ Goh ;ZE-u"gkb ftu ckj/ NzfrnkiKdk j? iK fco g/qwh i'fVnK B{z r'bh dk fBFkBk pDk fdZsk iKdk j?.

pzdk nkgDh }'o{, Xh iK G?D dh fJ}s nkpo{ pko/ sK fBjkfJs jhfuzss s/ fceowzd ofjzdk j?. go id'A T[j nkg d/j-tgko dhnKdfjbhiK NZgdk j? s/ t/;tktK d/ e'fmnK #s/ uVQdk j? sK T[j feT[A G[ZbiKdk j? fe T[j th fe;/ dh Xh-G?D iK go-Bkoh Bkb ipo-fiBkj eofojk j?. pZ; w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe wBZ[yh ;wki ftu w[ZY-edhwh izrboki s'A b? e/ j[D sZe dh efEs nfs ;fGne ;[;kfJNh d/ ubD ftuwB[Zyh jT[w? s/ j?AeV jh n"os ;wki #s/ jkth ojh j?. fe;/ j'o Bz{ ;kbks/ ;j[ok pDkT[Dk ns/ nkgD/-nkg B{z GDtZJhnk s/ itkJh ;wMDk sK pzd/dk iwKdo{ s/ ikfJ} jZe-jbkb j?, go fe;/ d{i/ pzd/ dk ;kbk s/ ;j[okpDBk s/ fe;/ j'o B{z GDtZJhnk iK ;j[ok ;dtkT[D dk jZe d/Dk ;kv/ bJhjw/FK jh pVk n"yk s/ jokw tork nwb fojk j?.

nc;''; j? fe ;kv/ ;wki dh fJj xNhnk ;'u s/ fJj jh fBwBftuko phs/ eZbQ th ;h s/ nZi th j? ns/ ]dFk j? fe nkT[D tkb/ eZbQB{z th fJj e[M jh j't/rk. wB[Zy dh iDBh n"os}ks #s/ wkBf;e :ksBK,:"B F'FD s/ pbksekoh }[bw nshs ftu jh pj[s j' u[e/ jB.oZp y?o eo/! nZr/ j[D GftZy ftu jh nfijk e[M p/gqshsk s/ wkVk eow;wki ftu j'o Bk j't/.

U w/fonk oZpk, ed/ sK sz{ nkgDh jh fJ; nfs dh ]{p;{os ouBk@n"os}ks# B{z nkgDh t/dBk efjD bJh fJzBk e[ j";bk jh pyF d/j feT[j efj ;e/ fe @fJE'A sZe jh pj[s f;sw j' u[ek j? s/ j[D fJ; s'A nZr/nfijk e[ZM j'o nBkp-FBkp podkFs BjhA j't/rk#.

oZp ih! fes/ sK }BkBh-}ks Bz{ pb p]F fe T[j nkgDh }[pkB s'Aefj ;e/ fe T[; B/ wod ;wki dhnK tXhehnK B{z pj[s ;fjD eo fbnkj? ns/ j[D T[; dh podkFs dh jZd ysw j' u[eh j?. fJ; bJh fJ; s'Apknd j[D n"os #s/ fi;wkBh nZfsnkuko sK fJe gk;/ oj/, ;r'A T[;T[go fJw'FBb Gkt wkBf;e nZfsnkuko eoB s'A th gfjbK wod}ks

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nkgDh gZs s/ gZr dh nkg jh f\eo eo/. fJ; bJh gzikph FkfJo ghb{d/ ;[yB @bZEh jZE Bk nkT[Adh dkfBFwzdK dh gZs# fijh ;'jD-f;nkDg s'Ae'Jh uzrk ;pe b? e/ wod ;wki B{z nebwzdh Bkb j[D uZbD dh b'V j?.

fJE/ f}eo:'r j? fe wod ;wki dk Go{D jZfsnk pko/ fJj efjDkj? fe fJj sK wodK bJh r[Bkj-p/bZ}s j?. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fefJ; i[ow ftu T[BQK Bkb'A tX e;{o sK y[d fJ;soh iksh tb'A jh j[zdkj?, go fJ; r[Bkj ftu T[BQK dk Bkw Fkfwb eo fbnk iKdk j?. Go{DjZfsnk ftu sK n"os jh n"os dh ;Z;, BDd, b/vh vkeNo, dkJh s/Bo; d/ o{g ftu Fohe s/ d[FwD pDdh j?.

p/FZe fJj dbhbpk}h bJh sK mhe ikgdk j?, go fe;/ xo-gfotko d/ nkdwh fJ; r[Bkj d/ eosk Bk ;jh go fBo;zd/j T[j fJ;;pzXh ;bkj-wFto/, jZbkF/oh s/ ;pzXs vkeNoK-dkJhnK dh w[Zmh roweoB tor/ e[eowK d/ g{oB s"o #s/ Gkrh jz[d/ jB. wod ;wki tb'A Go{DjZfsnk eoB bJh w'Nh foFts d/ o{g ftu ;oekoh s/ r?o;oekohwfjefwnK d/ eowukohnK Bz{ i' uKdh dh i[Zsh wkoh iKdh j?, T[; d/ n;osfjs jh g{oB s"o #s/ fBod'F fJe nfs wk;{w s/ nfs e'wb fJe oZpd/ ihn Bz{ ;ko/ ;e/-;pzXh p; ;wkfie ybBkfJe fij/ pD e/ x/o b?Ad/jB. fco fJj oZp dh o}k d/ T[bN ;ko/ iD/ ob e/ T[; nZbQk d/ fgnko/ihn d/ efEs ofyne jh T[; d/ Gfyne-ibkd pD iKd/ jB.

n;hA ;z;ko dh f;ow"o ;fGnsk s/ ;z;feqsh d/ wkbe j'D d/ pkti{dth nkgDhnK nfijhnK e"wh s/ ;wkfie B?fse ew}'ohnK d/ ekoB jhd[BhnK dhnK B}oK ftu gZSV/ s/ n;fGne jK. fJ; dk ;kc wsbp fJjj? fe ;kv/ ftu e"wh nkuoD dh xkN j?. fe;/ th e"w d/ fBowkD tk;s/e"wh nkuoD dh w}p{s p[fBnkd dh nfsnzs }o{os j[zdh j?. go n;hAsK n}kdh s'A pknd fJ; e"wh }o{os s/ T[; dh nfjwhns B{z nZy-gq'y/ehsk j'fJnk j?. id'A fe ;ZukJh fJj j? fe id'A fe;/ e"w dh BhAj ew}'oj't/rh sK T[; dk Bshik w[jzwd fJepkb d/ j/m fby/ ;[yB nB[;ko jhj't/rk.

s[wQkoh sfj}hp ngB/ yzio ;/ nkg jh ][de[Fh eo/rhi' Fky/ Bk}[e g/ nkFhnkBk pB/rk BkgkJ/dko j'rk

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fJ; gqEkfJ w?B{z :kd j? fe w/o/ gkgk ih B/ w?B{z f;tb ;oft; ftunkT[D ;w/A fejk ;h fe p/Nk s[jkvk fgU-dkdk ;koh T[wo ;e{bnfXnkge oj/ jB. j[D s{z sK gq'c?;o j?A, ;' nfXnkgB d/ gq'c?FB ftue"w d/ fBowkD dk pj[s f}nkdk ;e'g j?. T[; t/b/ nDikDg[D/ ftu w?Afejk ;h fe gkgk ih @feZE/ w?fi;Nq/N s/ feZE/ wk;No#l s[;hA fejV/;fwnK dhnK rZbK eod/ j'. fJ; #s/ w/o/ gkgk ih B/ pV/ mozQw/ Bkb fejk;h fe mhe j?, p/Nk fJj s[jkvh f}zdrh. go fynkb oZyDk fe fi;gq'c?FB ftu s[;hA ik oj/ j' T[E/ d/F dk BtfBowkD xZN j? s/ e[oZgFBf}nkdk j?. fJ; bJh yk; fynkb oZyDk ns/ s[;hA ed/ th fJybke s/;wkfie edoK-ehwsK dh nfjwhns B{z Bk G[ZfbU.

fco w/o/ n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH s/ vhH;hH ekb d/ ;w/A T[j w?B{z nkgDh f}zdrhd/ nyho sZe ;e{bK s/ ekbiK ftu d/F d/ GftZy dh tkfo; B"itkB ghVQhd/ ufoZso fBowkD ;pzXh w/o/ tb'A gkJ/ rJ/ :'rdkB pko/ ed/ fpBK G[Zb/g[ZSfrZS eod/ oj/. w?A ;'udk jK fe j[D wK-pkg tb'A ;kv/ xoK s/gfotkoK ftu nfijh f;Zfynk dk toskok ns/ fco ;e{bK s/ ekbiKftu nfXnkgeK tb'A ufoZso fBowkD dh rZb ed'A s/ feZE/ j[zdh j?< fJ;bJh jh n;hA nkgD/ ;wki ftu nkgD/-nkg jh ;j/VhnK w[FfebK s/wip{ohnK dhnK nkgD/ jZEhA gkJhnK rzYK B{z dzdK Bkb y'bQ oj/ jK.

d/F dh n}kdh s'A pknd @i/ eh gkfJnk s/ eh r[nkfJnk# dk ;zy/gs"o #s/ ftFb/FD s/ w[bKeD eoBk j't/ sK ;gFN j? fe ;kv/ e"wh ihtBftu fJe tZvh gqkgsh ti'A ;kB{z ;kvh n}kdh ;kvh @f}zdrh d/ jkf;b# ti'A;kB{z fwbh j?. go r[nkT[D d/ gZy'A n;hA ;G s'A tZX n}kdh d/ Bkw #s/ e"whnkuoD B{z r[nkfJnk j?. n;hA n}kdh dh y[wkoh s/ wyw{oh ftu d/F s/e"w gqsh nkgD/ co}K B{z fsbKibh d/ e/ nkgD/ nfXekoK s/ jZeK dh wzrnB?fse gZXo sZe ik e/ th ehsh j?. n;hA nkgDh r[bkw wkBf;esk d/ekoB nkgDh d'rbh wkBf;esk d/ g{oh soQK fFeko j' u[e/ jK. ;kvhr[bkw }fjBhns d/ ekoB ;kv/ ftu mhe B{z mhe s/ rbs B{z efjD dhi[nZos jh BjhA ofj rJh. n;hA jkn s/ tkj d/ coe B{z fpbe[b jhft;ko fdZsk j?. pZ; n;hA nkgDh d'rbh wkBf;esk eoe/ d/F GbkJh s/b'e GbkJh bJh sith}K s/ ;ehwK e[ZM j'o xVd/ jK s/ nwb-ekB{zB e[ZMj'o bkr{ eod/ jK.

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fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe n;hA d[Bhnkth s"o #s/ soZeh sK eo bJhj?, go p"fXe s/ nfXnksfwe gZy'A n;hA tX/-c[Zb/ BjhA jK. n;hA ;[nkoEhsK f;o/ d/ pD rJ/ jK, go b'e efbnkD s/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ tor/go;[nkoE d/ b/y/-i'y/ s'A ftot/ j' rJ/ jK. id'A n;hA nkgD/ nkg B{z;ohfoe ikw/ ftu d/yd/ jK sK ;kB{z nkgD/-nkg s/ nkgD/ gfotko s'AnZr/ e[ZM BjhA fd;dk. go id'A n;hA nkgD/ wkBf;e, p"fXe s/ Xkofweftek; d[nkok nkgD/ nkg B{z d/yd/ jK sK ;kvk nkbk-d[nkbk s/ ;wki@@t;{X?t e[N[zp ew## Gkt ;ko/ ;z;ko jh fJe gfotko ikgdk j?. fconfij/ p"fXe s/ Xowh s"o #s/ ftef;s ;wki ftu @;kok fgzv jh fwZsoKdk# fd;dk j?. p/FZe fJj wkor efmB j?, go nkdoF wkBt ;fGnskd/ xo gj[zuD dk fJj jh fJe'-fJe okj j?.

go nfij/ ;wkfie s/ nkofEe fGqFNkukoK #s/ fBoGo ;kvhfGqFNkukoh ihtB-F?bh dh fe;/ B{z ]po;ko jh BjhA j?. n;hA t/dK-rqzEKftu ;kv/ fJ; e"wh wo} dk fJbki ne;o ;[Dd/-gVQd/ jK s/ fwzN'-fwzNhjh ft;ko fdzd/ jK. n;hA fBZs jh nkgD/ fBZsB/w d/ gkm s/ nodk; Bkbphs/ eZbQ sZe d/ nkgD/ r[Bkj pyFtkT[Ad/ jK. go c/o nkgDhnK fJBQKp/Bsh-p/BfsnK Bkb n;hA sk}k dw j' e/ nkgDhnK eko'pkoh ;hNK #s/ ike/ Bt/A gkg s/ yZs/ fBZs-fdjkV/ p/o'e s/ p/N'e ewkT[Ad/ jK. pZ; fJ; ;koh;{os/ jkb ftu ;kvk fJe jh fJbki @ftrfVnK-fsrfVnK dk gho vzvk#pkeh ofj frnk j?, i' fe n;hA Bk sK j[D eo oj/ jK s/ Bk jh fJjT[guko n;hA eoBk ukj[zd/ jK. fJ; ekoB jh d/F ftu fJ; gZy'A jkbks@wo} pVQsk frnk fiT{A-fiT{A dtk eh# tor/ pD u[e/ jB.

;kvh wkBf;esk dhnK nfijhnK ykwhnK ;kvh ;w[Zuh e"w d/ nkuoDdhnK ew}'ohnK jh pD u[ehnK jB. fJE/ fJj rZb th pj[s jh rzGhoskBkb ftukoB tkbh j? fe ;kv/ wzdoK dhnK NZbhnK, w;fidK dhnKn}kBK-pkrK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ bkT{v ;gheo fdB-oks ;kB{z nksfwes"o #s/ irkT[D dh e'fFF ftu j'ek fdzd/ ofjzd/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk;t/o/-Fkw wzdoK, w;fidK s/ r[od[nkfonK ftu Xkofwe, B?fse, ;wkfies/ ;dkukoe f;Zfynk dk gqtkj ubdk ofjzdk j?. go fJj ;G e[ZM ;[DB-efjD d/ pkti{d th fJ; gZy'A ;kv/ p'bQ/ ezBK #s/ e'Jh n;o BjhA j[zdk.

115

fJ; soQK jh @wbQkj dh j[Zeh ;[Zeh# d/ nykD w[skfpe n;hA ;z;ko d/ Fq'wDhnfXnkswtkd d/ tkfo; sK jK, go n;hA nfXnksw-gowksw d/ frnkBd/ pkti{d th nksfwe s/ B?fse s"o #s/ e'o/ ;ZyD/ s/ T{D/-p"D/ jK.

nksfwe gZy'A e[Zb fwbk fejk ik ;edk j? fe ;kvh ;fEsh @Bk ;[Xo/j?A, Bk ;[Xo/Ar/# tkbh pDh j'Jh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ ;kvh nkw p'bukb dhGkFk ftu jo fJe' efjzdk j? fe e"w d/ ;[Xko ti'A e'Jh ezw eoB d/;[Mkn iK sith} ;pzXh ;oeko iK Xkofwe ;z;EktK d/ ezBK #s/ i{z thBjhA ;oedh. fJ; ;zdoG ftu w/oh wkBsk j? fe fizBh x'rbezBh s/x/;btZN ;kvh e"w j? ns/ fizBK e[ZM iBsk fJBQK s'A nkgD/ Gb/ bJh wzrdhj?, T[; nB[;ko sK F[eo j? fe nZbQk whnK B/ e"w B{z i{znK s'A puk e/oZfynk j?. BjhA sK, i/ ;kv/ fJBQK nkr{nK s/ ;D/ iBsk d/ ezBK #s/ i{znK;oedhnK j[zdhnK sK j[D sZe sK e"w d/ ezBK #s/ i{znK f;oc ;oeDhnKjh BjhA ;B, ;r'A ;kv/ f;oK #s/ sK fBjzr-p'fbnK w[skfpe @joBhnk dhx[V-d"V# Gkt i{znK dh e[opb-e[opb jh j'Dh ;h. fco e"w B{z fBjzrKtKr{z fBZs Bt/A fdB BthnK SkT[DhnK s/ w'ou/ pdbD dh }fjws T[mkT[Dhg?Dh ;h.

y?o! e[Zb fwbk e/ fJj fBokFkiBe rZb brdh j? fe j[D nZr/ th fe;/E'V/ ;w/A ftu ;kvk e'Jh nksfwe Gbk j[zdk B}o BjhA nkT[Adk.p/FZe efjD B{z fJj wkVh rZb j?, go ;kvh ihtB-F?bh dh fJj e"Vh ;ZukJhj? fe fJ; gZy'A ;kvk nkuoD fBZih b'GK, bkbuK s/ ;[nkoEK d/ ekoB fiT[Adk fsT[A wkVk pfDnk ofjzdk j? ns/ e[Zs/ dh g{S tKr N/Y/ dk N/Yk jh ofjzdkj?. ;' d';s'! fJ; bJh j[D nkgD/ ihtB ftu ;dkuko s/ B?fsesk fbnkT[Ds/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh fGqFNkuko ysw eoB dh nfsnzs b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/fe;/ ;oeko iK fe;/ ;z;Ek B{z ;kvh ihtB-F?bh ftu ;[Xko Bk fbnkT[D d/gZy'A T[; d/ nfjw co} B{z ikD{z eotkT[D iK T[BQK B{z e';D s'A th tZX }o{ohj? fe n;hA fJe-d{i/ #s/ frbQk-r[Z;k eoB s/ e[ZND-wkoB s'A gfjbK nkgD/nkg B{z jh @;'Xk bkT[D# dk e'Jh wB-ftuko pDkJhJ/. fJ; tk;s/ fBjkfJs}o{oh j? fe n;hA nkgDh ihtB-F?bh s/ ekoiF?bh ftu nkgD/ nkg B{z e'Jh;[XkJh-;'X/ bkT[D d/ ekoro s"o sohe/ ngDkJhJ/. fJj T[gkn-T[guko jhe"wh gZXo #s/ ;kB{z @nkg whnK c}hjs n"o'A e' B;hjs# d/ fGnzeo o'r s'As'A pukn e/ ;kv/ d/F s/ e"w B{z d'rbh wkBf;esk d/ fGqFNkuko s'A fBiks

116

fdtk ;edk j?.

pZ; fJ; ;{os ftu ;kvh nDrfjbh s/ ;kvhnK eos{sK eoe/ j[Did'A d/F B{z @g? rJ/ wkwb/ Gkoh# sK ;w[Zuh e"w B{z d/F dh j'Dh d/ fJBQKg/uhdk s/ r[zMbdko w[eZdfwnK ftu'A pj[s jh ;wMdkoh s/ mozw/ Bkb pohj' e/ fBebD dh b'V j?. fJ; ;ko/ ;zGkth xNBkeqw ftu @nwbK d/ j'Dr/Bp/V/ iks fe;/ g[ZSDh BjhA# dk oZd'-nwb jh nyho ftu fBGDk j?. j[D;kv/ d/F d/ w"i{dk Xow-;zeN tor/ nfs ;zeNebhB jkbksK ftu id'Afe fGqFNkukoh skesK s/ ;dkukoh ];bsK d/ f;zr c; rJ/ jB sK fJeg/Av{ nykD @e[zYhnK d/ f;zr c; rJ/ j[D fBZso{ tV/t/A ykDh# w[skfpe seV/dh Bzpodkoh dh EK nkdoF ;wki dh ;odkoh jh nkf]oeko i/s{ j' e/fBZsoBh j?. fJ; tk;s/ e"w ftu okFNo gq/w s/ e"wh nkuoD s/ ;wkiftu ;dkuko s/ B?fsesk fij/ r[D s/ i}p/ GoB s/ T[GkoB dh nfsnfjw }o{os j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;tkwh ftt/ekBzd ih B/ fJe B/e B;hjs ;kB{z1894 ftu fdZsh ;h s/ fejk ;h fe @@f}zdrh pj[s S'Nh j? s/ fJZSktKYbd/ goSKt/ tKr jB. fJ; tk;s/ f;oc T[j fJB;kB jh fiT[Ad/ ofjzd/jB fijV/ fe;/ bJh fiT[Ad/ jB ns/ pkeh ;ko/ fiT[Ad/-ihn wfonKpokpo j[zd/ jB.##fJ; gq;zr ftu jh nzro/}h d/ gqf;ZX eth j?Boht?v}toE b"Arc?b' dh irs gqf;ZX eftsk @@wjKg[oyK d/ ihtB ;G :kdeotkT[D ;kB{z. eo ;eB/ jK n;hA Gh ihtB fBZi T[u/o/. ns/ ikD;w/A fgZS/ SZv ikJhJ/. ;w/A dh o/sk T[go nkgD/ ihtB g?o fus/o/## dk;zd/F ;kvk wkor doFB eodk j?.

117

7

n"os ;wki s/ ;kvk B}ohnkgzikp dk jh BjhA, ;r'A ;kv/ d/F dk fJe X[Zydk w;bk fJj th j? fe

oZp tb'A Ekgh fFq;Nh dh oukfJsk n"os Bkb n;hA nZi d[ofttjko eooj/ jK. n;hA efjD Bz{ sK Bkoh iksh B{z irs iDBh efjzd/ jK, go wB'-wBh fJ; pko/ n;hA ;'ud/ e[ZM j'o jK s/ fco fJ; gqsh j'o th ntZb/ fij/eow eod/ jK. pokpoh dk nfXeko fdzd/-fdzd/ n"os iksh B{z Go{DjZfsnk s/ fco n"yh-;"yh gqtkB uVQh itkBh B{z n;hA nDy bJh esb dhpbh pDk fdzd/ jK.

fJ; ftu oZsh Go th ;zd/j BjhA fe t/dK s/ rqzEK ftu fJ;soh }ksB{z Fesh s/ irs iBBh d/ o{g ftu ;thekfonk frnk j?. go fJj the[dos dh ftvzpDk j? fe ;w/A d/ Bkb-Bkb pzdk}ks B/ n"os }ks BkbXq'j jh ewkfJnk j?. nkdwh B/ nkgDh ;tkoE f;ZXh s'A pknd n"os Bkbne;o @jw whs fe; e/ Gks ykJ/ n"o fy;e/# tork toskT[ jh ehskj?. ]?o! fJj th uzrh rZb j? fe ;wki d/ wjK g[oyK B/ ;w/A-;w/A n"osBkb j' ojh fJ; pd;b{eh d/ fto[X wod ;wki B{z u/szB ehsk j?. fJ;soQK jh pkpk BkBe B/ nkgD/ ;w/A dhnK Xkofwe, ;wkfie, nkofEe s/okiBhfse e[ohshnK dk v{zxk nfj;k; eod/ j'J/l ;wki B{z fJe T[;ko{;'u d/D dh e'fFF ehsh. fJ; ;zdoG ftu T[BQK B/ ;wki ftu fJ;soh;wki dh j' ojh d[orsh d/ fto[ZX nktk} T[mkJh s/ fejk @@;' feT[ wzdknkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB.@

fJ;soh iksh dh d[odFk dk ;[nkb ;dhnK-;dhnK s'A e"w d/ ;kjwD/j?. j[D ;[nkb fJj j? fe eh nkdw}ks g[oF nkgDh iBwdkskiBBh-wK B{z wzdk s/ wkVk rodkBD dk e'Jh iBwiks fJbkjh jZe oydkj?< p/FZe fJ; ;ko/ wzdGkr/ tosko/ dk itkp pj[s jh ;zy/g s/ ;gFNj? fe oZp tb'A nfijk r?o e[dosh jZe pzd/ B{z BjhA fwfbnk. go pzd/ B/id'A nkgD/ ;wki dh u"Xo ;zGkbh sK T[; B/ fJ; B{z @g[oF gqXkB s/fJ;soh r[bkw# ;wki dk o{g fdZsk. fJ; ;wki ftu nkdwh xo dkgqw[Zy j'D eoe/ j[ewokB s/ n"os T[; dh pKdh iK tZX s'A tZX dopkBjh pDh j?.

118

fJ; gfog/y ftu fco fiE/ ;wki ftu @oki/ ;hAj w[edw e[s/# j'D,Gkt fiE/ XZe/y'o seV/ pzfdnK dk oki j't/, T[E/ ;esk Gkt XZeV frDsheoB t/b/ Gkt/A ;shA-thjhA ;" nky/, T[j mhe j?. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fee'Jh XZeV Fkj thj dh frDsh B{z ;Zs tkoh frD e/ th fJe ;" ukbh efjDdh EK fJe ;" jh wzB/, pZ; fJj T[; p]skto dh jh wo}h j?. pZ; fJ;soQK jh n"os }ks B{z g[oF gqXkB ;wki ftu @J/sh wko# g?Adh ojh j?.

owkfJD ekb s/ wjKGkos ekb ftu n"os dk ;EkB Gkosh ;wkiftu pj[s jh Fbkxk:'r ;h. Bkoh Fesh B{z ;wki dk nkdoF wzB e/wkBsk fdZsh iKdh ;h. e'Jh th :Zr, jtB iK g{ik n"os s'A fpBK w[ezwbBjhA ;wMh iKdh ;h. n"os B{z ;tzpo gqEk d[nkok nkgDk :'r to u[DBdk nfXeko ;h. izrK :[ZXK ftu n"osK nkgD/ gsh s/ itkB g[Zso nkgD/jZEhA Xow s/ e"w dh oZfynk bJh s'odhnK ;B.

p/FZe fJj th fJe fJfsjkf;e ftvzpDk jh j? fe fes/ Bk fes/ T[d'Ad/ nkdoF ;wki ftu ;hsk B{z pBtk; eZNDk fgnk s/ do'gdh dk th;wki d/ fgskfwnK ;kjwD/ uho joD j'fJnk. fJj rZb wzBD B{z ih jhBjhA eodk fe GfbnK ;fwnK ftu th fJ; soQK dk e'Mk ekok th j';edk j?. pzd/ d/ eow-fe;ws nkg' nkgD/ j[zd/ jB. go fJfsjk;rtkj j? fe d/F s/ ;wki d/ b'eK dh ed/ ed/ fJe @;KMh j'Dh# th e[dosftu y/vdh j?. ;' fJj oZp dhnK y/vK oZp jh ikD/. fJ; bJh jh efjzd/jB fe @ftukoh x[Zrh eh ikD/ ;fsr[o dhnK pksK B{z#.

]?o! w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe wB[ysk d/ iBw s'A b? e/ j[D sZe n"osdh b'V xo-rqfj;Eh dk skDk-pkDk p[BD s/ ;zGkbD dh ykfso jh ojhj?. fJ; bJh j[D sZe fJj wkBsk ojh j? fe fJ; s'A fpBK pzd/ B{z n"osdh j'o e'Jh ro} iK w[Ekih jh BjhA j?. ;' p/FZe e'Jh fJ;soh Gkt/A T[jwkJh Gkr', okDh MK;h, okDh ;kfjp e"o, n}kd fjzd c"i dh fJ;sohfpqr/v dh ewKvo e?gNB beFwh ;fjrb s/ ni'e/ ;w/A ftu wdoN?o/;k, ebgBk uktbk s/ feoB p/dh torhnK j'o T[ZxhnK j;shnK j'D,fiBQK B{z fe ;z;ko gZXo #s/ wkBsk fwbh j?. go ;kv/ ;wkfie ihtB s/;kv/ xo-;z;ko ftu n"os dk ;EkB wod s'A fes/ pknd nkT[Adk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kv/ ;wki ftu n"os dk ;EkB s/ ;BwkB sK fJzBK

119

e[ jh j? fe fJ; \kBh ;z;ko d/ uZb'-uZbh d/ w/b/ ftu pzd/-p[VQhnK fBZsfJ; d[BhnK s'A o[y;s j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB. pzdk}ks dh nzfsw nodk; #s/ sK;ZuhnK-M{mhnK skoh\K d/ g[b FoXKibhnK d/ o{g ftu pzBQ/ iKd/ jB. gon"os}ks dh fe;ws ftu FkfJd fJj ;G e[ZM ftj[-wksk B/ fbfynk jhBjhA j[zdk. Bkoh nkgD/ ihtB ekb ftu nkgD/ xo s/ ;wki dhukofdtkoh ftu f;wNh ofjzdh j? s/ T[; dhnK ;ZXoK f;;edhnKofjzdhnK jB. fco nkyo B{z T[j GV"b/ ftu g? e/ r[zwBkwh dh w"s woiKdh j?. T[; tb'A xo s/ ;wki B{z fdZs/ :'rdkB dh e'Jh th rZb BjhAeodk s/ Bk jh e'Jh T[; dhnK ]{phnK dk y[ZbQ e/ r[DrkB jh eodk j?.fco wodK tKr{z T[; dh nzfsw nodk; t/b/ T[; B{z e'Jh FoXKibh thBjhA fdzdk.

jK ;Zu :kd nkfJnk fe w?A nkgDh f}zdrh d/ 65 ;kbK ftu nkgD/xo s'A b? e/ ;ko/ ;wki ftu ftuod/ j'J/, f;oc fJe tko jh fe;/xo/b{ n"os bJh FoXKibh ;wko'j j[zdk t/fynk j?. fJj @nB'yk fijkeow# gzikp s/ gzikphns d/ w[ohd gzikph ;ZE d/ nbzpodko ;qH w'skf;zx ;okJ/ B/ nkgD/ BkBh ih uzBD e"o pkrVh tk;h uZe y[od sfj;hbBe'do d/ G'r ;w/A ehsk ;h. BjhA sK, fJ; gZy'A n"os}ks pko/ wod;wki d/ e'o/-e"V/ otZJhJ/ gqsh w?A @Xow Bkb# ;j[z yk e/ dkntk eo;edk ;h fe fe w?A ed/ th pzfdnK B{z ;kvhnK xo/b{ n"osK B{z FoXKibhfdzd/ BjhA d/fynk.

FkfJd fJ; dk fJe'-fJe ekoB fJj j? fe fiT[Ad/ ihn n;hA }BkBhdh skoh\ fJ; bJh BjhA eod/ feT[Afe fJ; Bz{ n;hA nkgDh j/mh ;wMd/jK ns/ Bkb jh n;hA fJ; rZb'A th vod/ jK fe fes/ xotkbh f;o jhBk uVQ ikt/. don;b rZb sK fJj j? fe xo tkbh dh skoh\ eoB ftu;kBz{ ;zr nkT[Adh j? ns/ p[VQhnK B{z woB T[gozs FoXKibh d/D ftu th;kB{z Fow wfj;{; j[zdh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJ;soh iksh gqsh ;kvh p/o[yh ;wki dk fJe pVkjh X[Zydk-Gydk w;bk pfDnk j'fJnk j?. w/oh ;wM nB[;ko nZi eZbd/F s/ ;kv/ ;wki ftu i/ e'Jh ;G s'A tZX nB?fse ezw j' fojkj? sK T[j n"os ;wki dh p/edoh j?, i' fe Go{D jZfsnk s'A b?

120

e/ n"os d/ ;ko/ ihtB ekb ftu fdqFNwkB j[zdh ofjzdh j?. n;hAn"os Bz{ irs iBBh, r[o{nK, ghoK, ;zsK, GrsK s/ oki/-wjkokfinK dhwksk s/ gsk BjhA j'o eh-eh T[gkXhnK s/ ftF/FDK Bkb ;zp'fXs jz[d/ jK.go ;kv/ xoK ftu n"osK dh jkbs @pkjo phph Gbh ;funkoh go xo/fSZsoK dh wkoh# tor/ b'e nykD s/ w[jkto/ ;dhnK s'A jh n"os}ks dhd[odFk fpnkB eo oj/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJ FkfJo @wfjzdh B}wh# B/ ;kv/;wki d/ gq;zr ftu i' wodK pko/ fbfynk j?, T[j jh j{ p j{ xo ftu;kvhnK n"osK tk;s/ 100 BjhA ;r'A 200 ch;dh Y[Zedk j?. T[j fbydkj? feL-

Ffjo w/A ;kfjp/-fJZ}s ;jh, b/feB xo w/AngBk y':k j{nk fJik}, ejK ;/ bkT{A

iBBh ti'A }BkBh dk ;G s'A tZvk o[spk wK d/ o{g ftu j?. ;kv/ ni'e/;w/A d/ FkfJo @w[BZto okDk# dk ;[yB ;kvh ekfJBks dh fJ; jehes B{zpV/ ;'jD/ bc}K ftu fpnkB eodk j? feL-

w?B/ eZbQ Fp ukjs'A eh ;G feskp/A ckV dhAf;o\ fJe ekr} g/ fbyk b\} @wK# ofjB/ dhnk

efjzd/ jB fe wK dhnK d[nktK dk n;o sK oZp d/ dorkjh c?;fbnKB{z th pdbD dk nyfsnko oZydk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu f}zdrh d/siopkeko f;nkfDnK dk efjDk j? fe id'A e'Jh pzdk nkgD/ ihtB ftunkgD/ wBg;zd w[ekw s'A y[zM iKdk j? sK T[; B{z fJj ;wM b?Dk ukjhdkj? fe T[; dh wK e'b no}wzdh ftu e'Jh B[e; ofj frnk j'Dk j? ns/iK fco wK tk;s/ T[; dh nk;Ek s/ nehds ftu fBo;zd/j e'Jh ewhj't/rh. fJ; gqEkfJ FkfJo @NhHn?ZBH ok}# dk efjDk j? feL-

wK eh d[nk s' no}-U-;wk ;/ Gh pVh Ehw?A e[S Bk pBk w/oh nehds w/A ewh Eh

n"os ;kvk xo pzBQdh j? s/ ;koh T[wo ;kvk xo ubkT[Adh j?, goftnkj-FkdhnK d/ w"e/ #s/ id'A T[; dk wK j'D ti'A edo eotkT[D dkt/bk nkT[Adk j? sK G{nk-BDd d/ foFfsnK s/ w;fbnK d/ ;Bw[Zy T[; dhp/j[owsh ehsh iKdh j?. ;r'A xo dh wkbe ejkT[Adh n"os B{z nkgD/pZfunK dhnK ftnkj-FkdhnK ;w/A g/fenK s'A fco e'Jh pkeh ofjzd/ dki-

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;zXko/ ti'A wkfJnk d/ rZc/ Bk fbnkT[D eoe/ ;kvhnK ;Z;K s/ BDdK tb'AT[; B{z fsq;ekfonk iKdk j?. fJE/ fJ; gq;zr ftu @nZr/-fgZS/ uzrh s/fdB-fsT[jko wzdh# dh ny"s n"osK gqsh ;kv/ tsho/ pko/ pVh Y[Zedh j?.fJ; soQK jh nkT[D tkbh Bt ftnkj[sk bkVh tb'A fbnKd/ dki-dj/i;pzXh wk;h, G{nk s/ skJhnK-ukuhnK sZe Br'uK eZYhnK iKdhnK jB.

y?o! wB[Zy dh w[Y s'A jh fJj fJe B?fse ew}'oh ojh j? fe fJjfi; s'A th c?}:kp jz[dk j? Gkt ckfJdk b?Adk j? T[; tk;s/ fJj ne;oF[eor[}ko s/ feqZsr j'D dh EK Bk-F[eok s/ nfeqosxD pDdk j?. fJjnc;'; dh rZb j? fe nZi d/ ;w/A pzdk ne;o jh fe;/ T[gekoh bJhnfj;kBwzd j'D dh EK nfj;kB cokw'F ;kfps j[zdk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftunkdwh f;qFNh dh ;G s'A tXhnk i{B ftu nkT[D s'A pknd th ikBtoKBkb'A th pZdso j[zdk j?. nkdwh Bkb'A ikBto fes/ tZX tckdko jz[dk j?.ikBto wkbe d/ do s'A fSZso th yKdk j?, go T[; dk t\kdko ofjzdkj?. go fJ; d/ T[bN nkdwh d/ feodko pko/ fe;/ rhseko B/ fbfynkj? fe @@wkb fi; ek yksk j?, fgnko fi; ;/ gksk j?, rhs fi; e/ rkskj?, T[; e/ ;hB/A w/A x'Agsk eNko j?##.

;r'A fJ; gZy s'A e"w bJh j'o th nc;'; dh rZb fJj j? fe ;wZ[u/s"o #s/ ;kv/ d/F ftu F[o{ s'A jh @Bkoh god/ dh nfXekoh s/ i[ZshnK dhwkoh# jh ;wMh iKdh ojh j?. ;kvh irhodkoh ;'u w[skfpe jhoy{p;{osh dh w{os pD e/ ;kvk wB gqukT[D bJh sK }o{o izw/l go fJjr[nKYhnK d/ xo jh izw/. fJ; bJh ;kv/ ;wki dh ;'u nB[;ko i/ n"osB/ wod d/ xo t;Dk j? sK T[; bJh uzrk fJj j? fe T[j wod dh oy?bpD e/ jh oj/.

;' ;kv/ t/dK-rzqEK ftu noXKrDh ejkT[D tkbh wjkB fJ;soh dh;kv/ ;wkfie ihtB ftu e[M j'o jh G{fwek ojh j?. noXKrDh dk GktsK @d' fi;w fJe ikB# j[zdk j?. go ;kv/ ;wkfie ihtB ftu ;kvh n"osB{z fJj ;EkB ed/ BjhA fwb ;fenk. pzd/ Bkb ftnkj eotk e// @xotkbh# d/ o{g ftu xo-rqfj;Eh ubkT[D bJh pZ; n"os dk fbwfNvezgBh tork jh o'b wzfBnk frnk j?.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kv/ ;wki ftu iBw s'A b? e/ jh fJ;soh Bkb

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ftseo/ s/ fGzB-G/d tkbk toskn j' fojk j?. fJj ;gFN j? fe ed/e'Jh pzdk ;zskB gqkgsh bJh nodk; eoB ;w/A bVe/ dh EK bVeh dh wzrBjhA eodk. gfjbK sK nodk; okjhA jh bVeh d/ iBw B{z NkbD dhe'fFF ehsh iKdh j?. i/ nodk; g{oh Bk j't/ sK bVeh B{z Go{D jZfsnktorh pio e[ofjs Bkb ysw eoB dh e'fFF ehsh iKdh j?. fco i/ezfBnk iBw b? jh bt/ sK ;ko/ NZpo B{z v/Ar{ p[yko tKr eKpk fSV iKdkj?. i' ;koh T[wo s/Jhnk p[yko pD e/ gfotko B{z fuzpfVnk ofjzdk j?.

fJ; s'A nZr/ ;kv/ fJj th fJe ohs jh pD rJh j? fe n"os id'A sZeg[Zs g?dk eo/ sK n;hA pj[s y[F j[zd/ jK fe fJj sK oZp dh dks j?. i/oZp dh o}k Bkb ezfBnk nk ikt/ sK n;hA fJ; B{z fpgsk ;wM e/ T[dk;j' iKd/ jK. e[M e[ ;wK gfjbK sZe sK bVeh B{z iBw ;w/A jh gko p[bkfdZsk iKdk ;h s/ Bkb jdkfJs ehsh iKdh ;h fe s{z oZp e'b tkg; ike/ nkgDk Gok fJ; xo G/ihA. ;kv/ ;wki B/ e[VhnK B{z wkoB d/ eJhpjkB/ pDkJ/ j'J/ jB. rohp b'e sK e[VhnK B{z rohph d/ ;skJ/ ns/ dki-dj/i d/ vokJ/ wko-w[ekT[Ad/ ;B. go j[D sK p/fj;kp/ dki-dj/i dh wzrB/ efjzfdnK-e[jkT[AfdnK d/ EzwQ fjbk oZy/ jB. fJ; s'A th fxBkT[Dhgqftosh ;kv/ ;wki d/ bzpVK s/ u"XohnK dh fJj ojh j? fe T[j nkgDhc'eh s/ M{mh czB/ykJhA eoe/ e[VhnK dk iBw ;w/A jh xkD eod/ oj/ jB.fJ; xNhnk eos{s fgZS/ T[BQK dh wkBf;esk fJj j[zdh ;h fe i[nkJh s/GDtZJhJ/ jh pD e/ ofjDk j? s/ fe;/ d/ ;kb/, ;j[o/ BjhA pDBk.

fJ; r?o-}o{oh ;wZf;nk dk jZb ;kv/ p}[or sK izwfdnK jh e[VhnKB{z wko e/ eod/ oj/ jB. go j[D n;hA uzd sZe g[Zi/ j'J/ nkX[fBe wkB;j'o th f;nkD/ j' rJ/ jK. fJ; bJh ezfBnk d/ ;o{g XkoB s'A gfjbK jhroGgks s/ Go{D jZfsnk fijh ekotkJh tork ftfrnkBe ibtk-ib"neo b?Ad/ jK. fJ; soQK Go{D jZfsnk fJe ;zrhB i[ow j'D d/ pkti{d th;kv/ ;wki bJh okw pkD torh ny"sh fijh bkJhc ;/ftzr dtk-dko{ pDu[Zeh j?.

]?o! i/ bVeh iBw b? jh b?Adh j? sK T[; d/ gkbD-g'FD s/gVQkJh-fbykJh d/ gZy'A jw/FK jh T[; Bkb p/jZd ftseok j[zdk fojk j?.iBw s'A pknd gkbD-g';D ;w/A bVfenK bJh sK d[ZX-wbkJhnK j[zdhnK

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jB s/ bVeh bJh ukj-bZ;h jh g"FfNe y[oke ;wMh iKdh j?. p/FZe;wki ftu fJ; gZy'A j[D coe nkT[Dk F[o{ j' frnk j?. go jkb/ thbVehnK B{z gkbD s/ uzrh skbhw fdtkT[D ykso bVfenK d/ w[ekpb/xZN soihj fdzd/ jK.

;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ n"os }ks jw/FK jh ;wki dh d'rbh ;'u dk fFekoojh j?. ;kv/ ;wki ftu n"osK s/ wodK bJh B?fse s/ ;dkukfoeedoK-ehwsK dh d'joh Bhsh ojh j?. fe;/ nkuoDjhD G?V/ ;wkfieubD Bz{ ;wki B/ fJ;soh s/ g[oF d/ gq;zr ftu tZy'-tZyoh B}o Bkbt/fynk j?. fJj ;kok toskok @BZY/-itkB sK oKM/-fwo}/ s/ e[VhnK-BZYhnK pdeko# nB[;ko fJe bkJhB ftu fpnkB ehsk ik ;edk j?.fJj sK iZr }kfjo j? fe wod s/ n"os ftueko fiB;h fgnko d[tZbhT[gi j?, go ;wki B/ jw/FK jh B?fse gZy'A fJ; B{z pzd/ d/ ;pzX ftu@u'poK dh pjkdoh# s/ n"os bJh fJ; B{z pZio e[skjh fejk j?. fgnkoGkt/A itkBh gfjo/ dk j't/ iK ftnkj s'A pknd nXyVQ T[wo dk j't/, gofJ; y/v ftu pzdk p/e;{o s/ n"os e;{otko mfjokJh iKdh j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu jh FkfJo @nkbw y[oFhd# B/ pj[s jh ftj[-ftT[AGog{o ftnzr Bkb fejk j? feL-

g{S oj/ j?A g/V'A e/ ;"dkronkp' jtk e?;/ }fjohbh j' iksh j?

nfijh ;fEsh ftu pzd/ B{z sK jw/FK BksQk-X'sk x'Vk ;wfMnk iKdkj? Gkt T[; dk e[M BjhA ftrVdk. go d{i/ gk;/ n"os B{z jw/FK gkg dhGkrD s/ i[ow dh Gkrh wzfBnk iKdk j?. ;kv/ fJ; ny"sh wB[Zyh ;zftXkBftu f;ZX/ fij/ FpdK nB[;ko pzd/ d/ GkrK ftu sK nfijk ekok ;[Zy-nkBzd jh j? ns/ n"os dh fe;ws ftu pZ; d[Zy-;zskg jh j?.

fJj rZb sK T[j j'Jh fe nwhoK bJh ihtB d/ wkg-dzv e[M j'o jBs/ rohpK bJh e[M j'o tZyo/ fB:w-ekB{zB jB. nwhoK bJh e[VhnK dkebZpK ftu Bku-rkDk sK sfj}hp s/ c?FB j?. go fJj jh i/eo e'Jhrohp bVeh eo ojh j't/ sK T[; B{z w[iok fejk iKdk j?. fJj fpbe[bT[; soQK jh j? fe fit/A e'Jh nwho d';s nkgD/ fe;/ rohp fwZso e'bnkgDh i[Zsh dh skohc eodk j'fJnk efj fojk ;h fe w/ohnK i[ZshnK

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w/ohnK uoB dk;hnK jB. rohp pzd/ B/ th nkgDh X"Vh dh i[Zsh f;csehsh sK nwho B/ T[; B{z BhtK fdykT[D dh ykso fejk fe uoBdk;h sKnwho dh i[Zsh jh j' ;edh j?, rohp dh i[Zsh B{z sK yZbk-g'bQk jh fejkik ;edk j?. rohp pzdk th ;t?wkBh ;h. T[j efjD bZrk, @tkj! ;/muoBdk;, jwkoh i{sh s' i{sh, n"o s/oh i{shnK uoBdk;hnK. fJ; soQKjh nwho s/ rohp dk coe ;kvh fJe b'e f;nkDg ftu fwbdk j?. T[jfJj j? fe @@jwko/ gKt, gKt! s[wkoQ/ gKt uoB, tkj p/Nk r'gh uoB.@

fJ; gq;zr ftu jh ;kv/ ;wki dh fJj th wkBsk j? fe id'A fe;/p/rkB/ d/ xo izwh Xhl ;kv/ xo ftu B{zj pD e/ nkt/ sK T[j nkgD/ Bkbftnkj d/ ;wkfie pzX/i ti'A ;kv/ ykBdkBh d[y-dfbdo d{o eoB bJhdki-dj/i o{gh ;zihtBh p{Nh b? e/ nkt/. c/o T[j ;koh T[wo ;kv/gfotko dhnK y[FhnK-rwhnK ftu nkgD/ g/fenK s'A ;kv/ bJh dzdx;kJh fbnkt/. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe T[; d/ g/e/ ;kB{z fdZs/ dki dkftnki th o[gJhJ/-g?;/ dh Feb ftu ;zXko/ dhnK gZsbK d/ o{g ftu fdzd/ofjD. tkj pZJh! n"os fej' fijh ;BZns j? fe g?;/-X/b/ d/ fBt/F s'AfpBK jh T[j ftukoh F[ZX XB-bkG ;koh T[wo d/Jh iKdh j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ ;kvh ghVQh d/ p[YV/ dkd/-BkB/ nrbh dorkfj ikD iK;kv/ wK-pkg ubkDk eoB iK n;hA ][d e{u eohJ/. fJBQK ;kohnK jkbsKftu pZ; ;kvhnK B{zjK bJh sK p[fVQnK B{z tZvk eoB bJhl nkgD/ g/e/ xodh ofjzd-y{zjd #s/ XkVk wkoB se dh B"ps nk iKdh j?. fJj GkDk fJ;bJh tos fojk j? fe n;hA ;dhnK s'A o;w'A-fotki d/ BK #s/ n"os B{znkgD/ ;j[o/ xo dk BZe-Bw{i oZyD s/ G[Zy-Bzr YeD bJh nfij/ eko-ftjko dk t;hbk pDk oZfynk j?.

;r'A j[D wkfJnkgq;sh d/ e'M/ gqGktK j/m r[o{nK, ghoK s/ ;zsK dhXkofwe s/ ;wkfie ;zEk th j[D ;kB{z j'o th ft;o rJh j?. j[D nkwiB-;XkoB th ;kvh ny"sh gqrshtkdh ;'u d/ sfjs nkgD/ nkg B{zgfjb/ ;w/A d/ oki/, wjkoki/ s/ irhodkoK Bkb'A fe;/ rZb'A xZNBjhA ;wMdk. ;' j[D seohpB ;kvh ;G dh fJj ;'u pD rJh j? fe n;hAth oitkfVnK tKr mkm-pkm s/ n?F'-fJFos d/ okr-ozr wkDd/j'J/ }BkBh }ks B{z nkgD/ g?o dh i[Zsh feT[A Bk ;wMhJ/<

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fJ; bJh n;hA n"os Bz{ nBgVQ yks{B efjzd/ jK. ed/ n;hA n"os}kspko/ fejk j? fe fJBQK dh wZs y[oh fgZS/ Gkt T[; d/ frZfNnK ftu jz[dhj? ns/ n;hA ed/ fejk j? fe }BkBh dh wZs r[Zs fgZS/ j[zdh j?. id'A wZXekb ftu okikFkjh skesK f;yo #s/ ;B, T[d'A ;w[Zuk ;wki frbkBhdhnK jZdK-;ojZdK gko eoe/ dbdb ftu c; u[ek ;h. yk; s"o #s/n"osK dh T[d'A pj[s d[ors j[zdh ;h. xo s'A b? e/ wzvhnK sZe n"os }kst/uh s/ yohdh iKdh ;h. nZi dk fJB;kB sK fJfsjk; gVQB-;[DB s'Apknd th fJj wzBD bJh fsnko BjhA j' ;edk fe T[BQK ;fwnK ftun"osK B{z wzvhnK ftu fBbkw ehsk iKdk ;h.

f;Zy wZs d/ pkBh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ wkBt ;wki B{z nfs T[ZuhnK-;[ZuhnK edoK-ehwsK ns/ gq?eNheb ihtB F?bh d/D j/s{ ;dhnK s'A trojh ftdtsk d/ gqtkj dh Xkok d/ ;o's t/dK-rqzEK d/ ;kozF ti'A f;Zy wZsd/ Bt/A cbZ;c/ ti'A T[ikro ehsk. fJ; cbZ;c/ ftZu d[BhnK bJh fJZenfs }o{oh ;pe fJj th fdZsk fe fJ;soh ;wki fi; fpBK wod ;wkisK eh nekb-g[oy th f;qFNh dh ouBk BjhA eo ;edk. fJ; bJhfJ;soh ;wki B{z BhtK d/yDk s/ fdykT[D dh pikJ/ pokpoh s/ ;BwkBdk doik fdZsk ikt/. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ fJ;soh B{z ;ot'sw doikfdzd/ j'J/ fJzi c[owkfJnk j?, @@;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB.. @Gkt T[; B{z wzdk feT[A ejhJ/ fi; B/ oki/-wjkokfinK ns/ wjkokfinKs'A th fes/ T[Zgo r[o{nK, ghoK, g?rzpoK, GrsK s/ FjhdK-w[ohdK B{z iBwfdZsk j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ Grs epho ih dk c[owkB j? fe, @@iBBh iB/ sK GrsiB iK dksk iK ;{o.. BjhA sK iBBh pKM oj? ekj/ r[nkt? B{o..@ r[o{nwodk; ih ftnkj d/ pzXB ftZu nkdwh ns/ n"os pokpo d/ Gkrhdkoj'D d/ gZy ftZu ;B. T[BQK B/ ftnkj d/ gftZso pzXB B{z fJT[[A fpnkBehsk j?, @@XB fgo[ J/fj B nkyhnfB pfjB fJem/ j'fJ..J/e i'fs d[fJ w{osh XB fgo[ ejhn? ;'fJ.. @Gkt r[o{ ;kfjp c[owkT[Ad/jB fe ftnkj d'-;ohoK d/ fwbkg s'A fes/ nrKj d' o{jK dk fwbD j?.r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ ;sh gqEk dk vN e/ fto'X ehsk. T[BQK B/ pkdFkjnepo B{z ;sh gqEk d/ fto[ZX Fkjh c[owkB ikoh eoB bJh o}kwzdehsk. fJ; pko/ T[BQK B/ nkgD/ FpdK ftZu fJzM c[owkB ehsk j?,

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@@;shnk J/fj B nkyhnfB i/ wVhnk bfr ibfB.. BkBe ;shnkikDhnfB fi fpoj/ u'N wozfB.. Gh ;/ ;shnk ikDhnfB ;hb ;zs'fyojzfB..@ r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ fiZE/ n"os d/ ;hb ;zs'y ns/ j?n-G?nnoEks Fow j:k B{z Bkoh iksh dk rfjDk fejk j?l T[E/ jh n"osK d/p/-wknB/ god/ dh o;w dk th yzvB ehsk. ;ko/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ e[VhnKB{z wkoB dh wod-;wki dh nfs e'Mh ohs dk }'odko yzvB ehsk ns/e[Vh-wkoK Bkb ;wkfie pkJhekN ti'A e[Vh wkoB dh gqEk B{z e[ofjseoko fdZsk.

r[o{ jor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ nkgDh wksk rzrk ih d/ jo j[ew dhgkbDk eoe/ wksoh ;/tk dh p/fw;kb fgqs ekfJw ehsh. fi; B{z nZr/ r[o{s/r pjkdo ih B/ nkgDh wksk BkBeh ih dh ;/tk eoe/ ns/ r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh wksk r[ioh ih d/ jo j[ew dh gkbDk eo e/fBGkfJnk. fJ; dh fw;kb fJj j? fe p/FZe r[o{ ;kfjp Gbh-GKs ikDd/;B fe nBzdrVQ dk febQk SZvDk mhe BjhA j't/rk. go ;zrsK B/ id wkskr[ioh ih s'A r[o{ ;kfjp B{z febQk SZvD dk nkd/F fdtk fdZsk sK d;t/AgkfsFkj B/ fJ; B{z fpBK fezs{-gqzs{ f;o-wZE/ ;theko ehsk. fJ; soQKjh rqfj;E ihtB dhnK p/fw;kb T[ZuhnK fgqsK r[o{ xfo B/ gkJhnK.r[opkDh dk c[owkB j?, @@fBtD[ ;[ nyo[ ytD[ r[fD.. fijpkwDhnk wzs[.. J/ sq? G?D/ t/; efo.. sk tf; nkth ezs[..##

d;t/A gkfsFkj B/ sK fJ; B{z i[ow eoko fdzd/ j'J/ nfs pioe[ofjs ti'A rodkfBnk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ d;t/A gkfsFkj dk c[owkB j?fe, @@fBi Bkoh e/ ;zfr B/j[ s[w Bhs pYJhnj[.. go Bkoh eh ;/i G{fb;[gB/ j{z B iJhnj[..@ nfs T[Zu/-;[Zu/ rqfj;E ihtB ftZu nk;Ek ti'A r[o{xfo dh ;kohnK F'GBhe gsBh-BkohnK ftu'A wksk ;[bZyDh ih, wkskyhth ih, wksk rzrk ih, wksk BkBeh ih, wksk feFB e"o ih, wkskr[ioh ih, wksk ;[zdoh ih, wksk ihs' ih ns/ wksk ;kfjp e"o ih d/ BkwwkBt ;fwosh ftZu Xo{-sko/ tKr nfwZN jB. r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B/n"os B{z pokpoh dk doik d/D bJh f;ZyK B{z d;t/A gkfsFkj tZb'A f;zxj'D dk todkB fwbD s'A fes/ gfjbK n"osK d/ Bkw fgZS/ e"o noEksezto dk fyskp bkT[D dh o;w F[o{ ehsh. r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ n"os B{z T[;tes d/ wod-;wki dh e'Mh ;'u nB[;ko g?o dh i[Zsh iK fJ; s'A th EZb/

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n"os iks B{z p/-neb eoko d/D j/s{ @y[ohA fiBQK dh wZs# tor/ e'M/bepK s'A tofink. n"osK B{z pKdhnK s'A eztokDhnK Gkt e"o pDkfJnk.

;ko/ ;z;ko Go d/ izrK-:[ZXK ftZu jZE nkJhnK n"osK B{z r[bkw pDke/ wzvhnK ftZu yohdD-t/uD dk wB[Zyh ;z;ko dk jZe r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/wodK s'A y'j e/ n"os dh n}kdh dh pjkbh bJh p/i'V T[Zdw ehsk. r[o{;kfjpkB d/ ;w/A s'A fw;bK d/ ;w/A ns/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx ns/ j[D seth f;Zy ;wki dh fJj FkBdko otkfJs ojh j? fe izrK-:[ZXK ftZu n"osKs/ pZfunK B{z r[bkw BjhA pDkfJnk frnk. ;r'A d[FwDK d/ y/fwnK ftu'Anpbk s/ w}b{w n"osK B{z fojk eokT[D bJh fdshnK e[opkBhnK dhFkjdh fJfsjk; B/ p/nzs tko Goh j?.

;' fJ; soQK f;Zy wZs ftZu n"os }ks dk ;w[Zuk ftek; ns/ Bkoh;BwkB fijhnK nfs Fbkxk :'r gqftoshnK dk gqubD j'fJnk. ;z;kobJh fJ; nfs b'VhAdh ;'u ns/ ikro{esk bJh f;Zy wZs ftZup/F[wko wkJhnK-phphnK B/ nkgDk :'rdkB gkfJnk. p/nzs fw;kbK jBlfiZE/ n"osK B/ ;Zuk-;[Zuk rqfj;E ihtB ;tk;-rqk; fBGkfJnkl T[ZE/ jhizrK-:[ZXK ftZu id'A b'V gJh sK :'fXnK Bkb w'Y/ Bkb w'Yk i'V e/ d[FwDKfto[ZX :[ZX th bV/. r[odk;g[o f}bQ/ ftZu ekjB{ztkb d/ Szp dk S'NkxZb{xkok s/ e[Zg ojhV/ f}bQk ;zro{o dk tZvk xZb{xkok fJ; rZb dk r[nkjj?. ykb;/ dh wksk ;kfjp e"o j't/, uwe"o d/ :[ZX dh wksk FoB e"oj't/, fydokD/ dh Ykp dh wkJh Gkr' j't/, joh f;zx Bb{nk B{z d[FwDKdhnK ukbK s'A ikD{ eokT[D tkbh wksk joFoB e"o j't/l fe; dk Bkwfbnk ikt/ s/ fe; dk Bkw SZfvnk ikt/l tkbh ;fEsh pDdh j?.

f;Zy ;wki ftZu n"os tb'A f;Zyh d/ p{N/ B{z nkgDhnK e[opkBhnK s/y{B Bkb f;zM e/ xDSKt/A p'jV dk ;o{g d/D ftZu f;Zy Bkoh ;wki dknfs tvw[Zbk :'rdkB fojk j?. fJ; bJh jh jo f;Zy id'A fBZs B/w ti'Anodk; eodk j? sK r[o{ xfo nZr/ nodk;-no}'Jh dk fJj fjZ;k thnfs FoXk Bkb gVQdk j?, @@fiBQK f;zxK-f;zxDhnK B/ Xow j/fs ;h;fdZs/, pzd-pzd eNtkJ/, g[ZmhnK yZbK b[jkJhnK, sB nkfonK Bkb fuotkJ/, ehwK-ehwK ehs/ rJ/, pZfunK d/ N'N/ eotk e/ rbK ftZu jko g[nkJ/,

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who wzB{z dh i/b ftZu ;tk-;tk wD d/ gh;D/ gh;/, f;de BjhA jkfonk,f;Zyh e/;K-;[nk;K ;zr fBGkJh, fsBK fgnkfonK ;funkfonK ns/ f;zxK-f;zxDhnK dh gftZso ewkJh dk fXnkB eoe/ p'bDk ih tkfjr[o{-tkfjr[o{..@ fJ; nodk; ftZu n"os }ks B{z pDdk ;BwkB d/D dh BhAjdk pkBQDz{ r[o{ BkBe d/t gkfsFkj s'A jh r[o{ xfo dhnK ;[nkDhnK ns/r[o{ xfo dhnK FoXktkB nB/eK ;/tektK B/ pzfBQnk.

fJ; gq;zr ftu j[D id'A fe fJB;kB nkgD/ nkg B{z nfs nkX[fBe :[Zrdk gqrshtkdh iht nytk fojk j? sK ;'uD-ftukoB tkbh rZb fJj j? feeh n;hA tkfenk jh fJ;soh B{z T[; dk pDdk :'r ;EkB d/ th oj/ jK feBjhA< ;gFN s"o #s/ ;wMD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe n"os ;kvh dk;h s/ ;[Zy-nkBzd dk ;kXB fpbe[Zb th BjhA j?. ;r'A ni'e/ :[Zr ftu sK n"os ;kvh w'Y/Bkb w'Yk bk e/ ;kv/ ihtB d/ rkvh okj dh jw;co d';s j?. fJ; bJhjh sK d[BhnK Go d/ r[o{ BkBe s/ ;zs epho tor/ ftdtkBK s/ fuzseK B/n"os B{z irs iBBh s/ irs Fesh d/ o{g ftu d/fynk j?. fJ;soh GrsKs/ ;{ophoK dh iBBh j?. fco n"os Fesh d/ tZy-tZy o{gK ftu fe;/ th;wki dh iBwdksk s/ f;oie j?. B?g'bhnB p'BkgkoN tor/ ;z;ko d/ wjkBioB?b dk sK fJj wzBDk ;h fe n"os jh e"w dh T[;oZJhnk j[zdh j?. T[;dk efjDk ;h fe @fijV/ wktK d/ jZE M{bk M[bkT[Ad/ jB, T[j jZE jh uzrhnKe"wK dh T[;koh eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zd/ jB.#

i/ j[D nkgK d[BhnK Go d/ wjKg[oyK dh rZb b? bJhJ/ sK ;qh r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s'A b? e/ Fjhd/ nk}w ;qH Grs f;zx sZe wktK T[BQKdh wjkB ;yFhns B{z pDkT[D s/ ;ztkoB tkbhnK ;B. fJfsjk; rtkjj? fe ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ sK nkgDh wK r[ioh ih dk jo fejkFpd jw/FK fJe j[ew ikD e/ jh wzfBnk j?. fJ; soQK jh pkpk dhgf;zx ih, Btkp iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk s/ joh f;zx Bb{nk nkfd fezB/jh e"w d/ nekFh f;sko/ j'J/ jB, fiBQK d/ f;o s'A fgU dk nk;ok pugBftu jh T[m frnk ;h. go T[BQK wjkB ;g{sK dhnK wktK B/ T[BQK B{z fgUpD e/ iotkDkgD s/ wK j'D ti'A d/F s/ e"w bJh wwsk s/ fgnko dk;pe fdZsk. fJ; ;zdoG ftu wjkokDk gqskg s/ fFtk ih wojZNk thnkgDhnK wktK d/ wjkB ;g{s nytkJ/. fco MK;h dh okDh sK fiE/

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d/F Grsh dh fw;kb pDh T[E/ jh ;z;ko gqf;ZX wK th ;kfps j'Jh.

wK d/ foFs/ d/ ;Bw[Zy ;z;ko i/s{ f;ezdo wjkB s/ irs gqf;ZXB?g'bhnB p'BkgkoN tofrnK dk efjDk ;h fe T[j i' e[ZM th jB,nkgDh wK dh f;Zfynk s/ gkbD-g'FD ;dek jh jB. fJj jh BjhA d[BhnKGo d/ Bkpo s/ ikpo y{zyko uzr/} ]kB s/ wjK }kbw fveN/No fjNbotor/ th wK dh wwsk d/ ;kjwD/ w'w fdb ;kfps j'J/.

j[D d/ ;w/A ftu id'A fe n"osK B/ th ;kv/ ;wki ftu wodK d/pokpo jZe wzrD/ F[o{ ehs/ jB sK fJj th gqsZy o{g ftu ;kjwD/ ;kjwD/nk fojk j? fe tkfenk jh Bkoh iksh wod ;wki Bkb'A fe;/ rZb'A th xZNBjhA. ;r'A @gqsZy B{z gqwkD eh# d/ nB[;ko eJh ;kbK s'A gqsZy o{g ftu;kv/ ;kjwD/ nk fojk j? fe bVehnK ;e{bK s/ ekbiK d/ fJwfsjkBK s'Ab? e/ :{Bhtof;NhnK s/ e"wh gZXo d/ gqFk;eh w[ekpfbnK ftu bVfenKB{z fes/ fgZS/ SZv ojhnK jB. fJE'A sZe fe oki;h, ;wkfie, ;kfjse s/y/vK ftu Bkoh irs dk Bkw s/ :'rdkB j[D B[zwkfJnk j?. fJ; gqEkfJfgZS/ fij/ j'JhnK J/FhnB s/ okFNo wzvb y/vK Bkoh ;z;ko dhnKgqkgshnK dh w{zj p'bdh s;tho jB. fJj jh ekoB j? fe nZi d/ fuzseKs/ ethnK B/ j[D nkgDh ebw B{z n"os ;wki dh }[pkB pDkT[Dk F[o{ ehskj?. sq?b'uB b'uh fes/ fbydk j?,

feskpK s/ e[VhnK s'A ;ZyD/ i' xo B/,Uj xo ekjd/ xo B/, T[j do ekjd/ do B/

Bkoh d/ pj[s jh w'j Go/ s/ fdnkb{ o{g jB. ;G s'A gfjbK i' n"osdk gqw[Zy ;to{g j?, T[j wK d/ o{g ftu j?. wK wB[Zysk dh f;oiDjkoiBBh s/ dfJnk-w{os gkbDjkoh j?. wK fJe ;zt/dBk j?. wK fJe ghVs/ dod dk ftbZyD foFsk j?. wK fJe nfj;k; j?. wK nkgD/ fJ;ftbZyD s/ ftF/F foFs/ ;dek oZp dh j'Ad dh rtkjh j?. Bkoh d/ fJ;iBBh ;to{g B{z ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ @fis[ izwfj okikB# efj e/okfinK-wjkokfinK s/ T[; s'A th T[go d/t g[oyK dh wK d/ o{g ftu t/fynk j?. Grs epho ih B/ n"os B{z Grs iBK, dkBtho dkfsnK s/;{otho :'fXnK d/ o{g ftu t/fynk j?.

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ni'e/ ;fwnK ftu gq'H w'jD f;zx B/ wK d/ o{g pko/ pj[s jh y{p;{osFpdK ftu fejk j? feL-

wK fijk xDSktK p{Nk, w?B{z B}o Bk nkt/b? e/ fi; s'A SK T[Xkoh, oZp B/ ;tor pDkJ/

d[BhnK d/ e[Zb p{N/ iVQ ;[ZfenK wo iKd/n?go fJj p{Nk gZs/ ;[ZfenK wo ikJ/

nyho ftu d/t Eohe/ tkbk sK nkgDh j{e @wK j[zdh j? wK d[BhnktkfbU# B{z e[bdhg wkDe dh e{e ftu fwbk e/ wK tk;s/ fJ; p/w[otsd[BhnK B{z X[o nzdo'A Mzi'V fdzdk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu id'A ;kB{z ;ZN tZidhj? iK e'Jh sebhc j[zdh j? sK @wK# :kd nkT[Adh j?. Fohe sK d[Zy d/Dt/b/ ne;o jh efjzd/ jB fe @wK :kd eok fdnKr/# iK c/o fJj ;[DBB{z fwbdk j? fe s?B{z @BkBh u/s/ eok fdnKr/#.

ni/ eZbQ dh rZb j? fe w/o/ p/N/ dwB B{z yk;k p[yko j' frnk. w?A T[;d/ e'b yVQk ;h sK T[j sebhc ftu tko-tko jkJ/ wK-jkJ/ wK efj fojk;h. w?A T[; d/ e'b yVQk wfj;{; eo fojk ;h fe T[j @jkJ/ pkg{# feT[ABjhA nky fojk ;h. ]?o! ;Zu jh j? fe pkg dh bZy @pkgsk# j't/ go fJjwK dh @wwsk# dk w[ekpbk BjhA eo ;edh. ;kvh g[okDh b'e ejkDh j?fe e'Jh nkfFe nkgDh wF{e dh y[Fh bJh wK dk fdb eZY e/ GZfink ikfojk ;h sK T[; B{z m/vk bZrk. T[d'A T[; dh wK d/ fdb ftu'A ntk} nkJhfe @p/Nk fes/ ;ZN sK BjhA bZrh#. fJj ejkDh BjhA ;r'A d[BhnK Go dhnKwktK dh t/dBk-;zt/dBk j?.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJ;soh nkgD/ tZy tZy d[fBnkth foFfsnK ftu;kekukoh dh jwokjh pD e/ G?D, G{nk, wk;h, wkwh s/ Xh ns/ fco fes/fJe' jh ;w/A bSwD tor/ ishnK dh wktK torh Gkph j?. fJj fes/ nZEo/fdUoK dh :koK dh :ko fijh ok}dko Gkph j?. itkBh gfjo/ fJj bZrhnKs'V fBGkT[D tkbh wkF{e d';s th j? s/ gsBh th j?. fco p[ZY-to/; ftudkdh s/ BkBh d/ nfs fgnko/ o{gK ftu ftr;dh s/ ftuodh j?.

wod dh noXKrDh-gsBh d/ o{g ftu sK fJj jw;co Fohe/-fj:ks nkgD/ xo-gfotko dh ;[Zy wzrdh s/ ;/tk nzrdh nyhob/ ;kjKsZe gsh, g[Zs s/ XhnK s'A wo-wo iKdh j?. fe;/ th n"os dh gfjbh s/

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nyhobh nodk; fJj j[zdh j? fe T[j nkgD/ wo/ gsh dk w{zj Bk t/y/, ;r'AT[; s'A gfjbK jh oZp T[; B{z fJ; Xosh s'A u[e bt/.

fJ; gq;zr ftu jh ;ZfsnktkB s/ ;ftsoh dh t?fde ekb ;w/A dhejkDh j? fe Xow oki d/ iwd{sK s'A fJ; ;Zstsh gshtosk Bkoh B/nkgD/ gsh ;ZfsnktkB d/ ;kj tkg; w'V fbnKd/ ;B. go fJj th wB[Zyh;wki dh nfeqsxD ftvzpDk j? fe n;hA ;fGnsktK d/ T[d?ekb s'A jhnkgDh jwBtK ;kEh B{z ;koh T[wo dk;h s/ ;/tkdkoBh ;wfMnk. fconyho ftu T[; dh ;/tk dk w[Zb skoB dh pikJ/ nkgD/ s'A pknd T[; B{z;sh j'D bJh wip{o ehsk. i/ fJj efj fbnk ikt/ sK fJj nfseEBhBjhA j't/rh fe n"os s'A jh fgnko dh f;oiDk j[zdh j? s/ n"os jh nkgD/tZy-tZy o{gK ftu ;wki B{z fgnko d/Djkoh j?. d';sh d/ gq;zr ftu T[od{dk wjkB FkfJo }"e efjzdk j? feL-

n? }"e fe;h jwdw/-d/ohBk ek fwbBk,p/jso j? w[bkeks/-w;hjk-U-fy}o ;/

fBo;zd/j wB[Zysk d/ iBw s'A n"os th pkpk nkdw dh jw;co d';swkJh jtk d/ o{g ftu j[D sZe th nkdwh dh jwBtK ;kEh j?. fJ; bJhjwdw fwZso d/ o{g ftu n"os dk pzd/ B{z fwbDk w;hj s/ fy}o tor/d/tfsnK B{z fwbD d/ pokpo j?.

p/FZe fJj th e[dos dh ftvzpDk j? fe n"os }ks dh fJe j'o f;wsekw tk;Bk dh d/th d/ o{g ftu ir }kfjo j?. n"os ne;o jh wod }ksdh ew}'oh ojh j?. wB[ysk d/ iBw ;w/A s'A jh @wkJh jZtk# B/ pkp/ nkdws'A gq/fwek d/ o{g ftu gZbe Mbe fijk ;torh B}kok fdyk e/ ;d'A-;d'AbJh oZp d/ ;tor ftu'A T[; Bz{ XZek fdtk fdsk. fco w[Y-edhw s'A jhd[BhnK ftu jo e"w d/ b?bk-wiBz{ Bro-froK s'A b? e/ rbh w[jfbnK sZeg?dk j'J/ jB. fes/ fJj o'whT-i[bhnN, :{;\-}[b?yk s/ jho okMK pD/. gojw/FK jh fJ; fJFe dh nZr torh y/v ftu jhoK, ;;hnK, ;kfjpK,FhohnK s/ ;'jDhnK B/ jh nkFeK d/ fdbK #s/ oki ehsk j?.

j[D d/ ;fwnK ftu th d[BhnK d/ wzB/-gqwzB/ Fk;e nkgDhnK fdbdkogqfwektK bJh sys' ski th tkoB bJh fsnko j' iKd/ jB. ;zB 1936ftu fJzrb?Av d/ pkdFkj pDB tkb/ n?vtov nmt/A B/ sK fpbe[b ski

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g'Fh ;w/A d[BhnK dh pkdFkjh Bz{ jh nkgDh wkF{e f;zg;B bJh m[eokfdZsk ;h. y?o! i/ ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ rZb eohJ/ sK n"os fJ; fiB;h fgnkod/ y/so ftu th wodK Bkb'A fes/ xZN r[Bkjrko j? feT[Afe i/ T[j oZpB/ ;'jDh pDkJh j? sK fJ; ftu T[; dk e'Jh e;{o BjhA. ;r'A e;{o sKT[BQK pzfdnK dk j?, fiBQK B/ fe @fgnko B{z i}p/ dh EK ep}k# ;wM e/fes/ ipo-fiBkj ehsk j? ns/ fes/ ;wki ftu py/V/ yVQ/ ehs/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh ;dhnK s'A jh Xh d/ o{g ftu n"os}ks dk oZp rtkjfojk j? fe XhnK-fXnkDhnK g[ZsK Bkb'A fes/ tZX wkfgnK dhnK F[ZGfuzsej[zdhnK jB. ;kv/ ;wki d/ fJ; ubD B{z b'e rhs ftu fJT[A toBD ehskj?. @@g[Zs sK tzvkT[D ikfJdkdK s/ XhnK tzvkT[AdhnK wkfgnK d/ d[Zy.## g[ZssK wK-fgU B{z esb eod/ ;[D/ jB, go ed/ fe;/ Xh B/ nkgD/ wK-fgUB{z wkfonk j't/ fJj ed/ BjhA ;[fDnk.

w/o/ ph ih fejk eod/ ;B fe @fijVh w[esh Gkbd/ jB ;kX X{D/pkb e/, wK gqkgs eo b?Adh j? pkbe/ gkb e/.# fJ; s'A fJbktk T[jfBwosk s/ ;fjDFhbsk dh w{os n"os pko/ fejk eod/ ;B fe @wKe[uZih g[ZsoK eZih# wsbp fe i/ wkfgnK ftu g[Zs-XhnK e'Jh n"r[D thd/yD sK th T[BQK B/ jh nkgD/ ukb-ubD s/ eow d[nkok nkgD/ wK-fgUdk tZvgD fdykT[Dk j[zdk j?. w/oh Fohe/ j:ks ;[yihs dh th fJj XkoBkj? fe n"bkd d/ woB #s/ wK o't/ iBw-iBwl G?D u"wk;k, fsqnk o't/ shBfdB, u"E/ fdB xo tk;k. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe wK, G?D s/ xotkbh;G dk fgnko p/b"; s/ gftZso j?, go fco th wK d/ fgnko dh ;kohd[BhnK #s/ Mzvh j?.

fe;/ oki/ B/ nkgD/ gkbD-g';D ;w/A T[; dh wK tZb'A ;jh p/nokwhdk w[Zb w'VD dh e'fFF ehsh rJh ;h. go fJe fdB jh frZb/ fp;so/#s/ ;"A e/ T[j wK d/ uoBK #s/ Yfj fgnk ;h fe wK w?A T[j eo}k w'VDdh e'fFF eoB bZrk ;h, i' fe d[BhnK d/ pzd/ sK eh ;r'A cfoFs/ th BjhAw'V ;ed/. go fJj th ;kv/ wod gqXkB ;wki dh ftvzpBk j? fe ;Ge[ZM ;wMdk j'fJnk th fJj ed/-ed/ nkgD/ nkg B{z Bkpo ;wM e/ fJj'fij/ ;wkfie e'M/gD dh eVQh x'b fdzdk j? fe fi; s'A FkfJd ;z;ko dkf;oie oZp th gq/FkB s/ gF/wkB j' iKdk j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu w"i{dk soZeh

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d/ d"o ftu ;kv/ ;wki d/ ;dkuko s/ B?fse-edoK ehwsK ftu i' fBxkonkfJnk j? T[; d/ w[skfpe j[D wodK dk i' n"osK gqsh B}ohnk j?, T[jth fe;/ s'A b[fenk-S[fgnk BjhA j?. fJe gk;/ sK n;hA n"osK B{z pokpod/ nfXeko d/D dh rZb eod/ jK, go d{i/ gk;/ Bkoh iksh gqsh ;kvh wkVh;'u s/ otZJhnk th iZr-}kfjo j?.

p/FZe n"os dk iBw b?Dk s/ Xosh #s/ ftuoBk sK n;hA n"y/-;"y/gqtkB eo fbnk j?. go fJ;soh ;wki dk nkgDh fJZ}s s/ jZeK dh rZbeoBk, g[oF ;wki bJh jw/FK s'A jh fpbe[b p/wknB/ fijh rZb ojh j?.fJ; bJh jh ;kvk g[oF gqXkB ;wki ne;o Bkoh Fesh s'A sqfjzdkj'fJnk, fJj' fijh fpZp-ftuko eoB s'A s"pk-s"pk eodk j?. ;r'A fJ;s'A nZr/ T[j nkgDhnK nkT[D tkbhnK B;bK Bz{ th B;hjs fijh eodkikgdk j? fe n"osK B{z nfXeko d/D tkbh rZb s'A Nkbk jh tZND s/ nfijhG[Zb T[j G[b e/ th Bk eoB. fJ; s'A ;gFN j? fe ;kB{z vo j? fe ni'e/;w/A ftu n"osK ;kE'A ;kv/ xo ftu u"Xo s/ ;wki ftu gqXkBrh dh e[o;hjh Bk y'j b?D.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w"i{dk d"o/-d"oK ftu ;kv/ ;fGnkuko ftu i' B?fseedoK-ehwsK ftu froktN nkJh j?, T[; d/ ekoB ;dkuko d/ gZy'A ;kv/;wki dk n"os gqsh otZJhnk fBzdD:'r pD u[ek j?. fJ; tk;s/ j[D fJjth gzikp dk fJe Gydk w;bk j? fe tkfenk jh n"os dk ;kv/ ;wkiftu eh ;EkB s/ ;BwkB j?. j[D ;kB{z n"os gqsh uzr/ wkV/ nfj;k;K ftu'A:EkoEtkd #s/ nXkfos fJe nfijk BtK B}ohnk g?dk eoB dh b'V j?fe fi; ftu ;jh s"o #s/ T[; dk pDdk ;EkB s/ ;BwkB fdZsk ik ;e/sK fe fco Go{D jZfsnk fij/ fxB"D/ s/ Bkekfpb/ w[nk\h ngokXK dh sK;kv/ ;wki ftu r[zikfJF jh Bk j't/.

go fJ; d/ T[bN fJ; B}ohJ/ #s/ fJe j'o th pVk nb'ue s/gVu'btK fijk B}ohnk ;wki ftu ekfJw j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu fgZS/fij/ w/ok fJe b/y @n"os dk ;wki ftu o[spk# gzikph fNqfpT{B ftuSfgnk ;h. p/FZe pj[s gkmeK tZb'A T[; b/y d/ ftu fdZs/ rJ/ ftukoK dh;bkj[sk j'Jh. go e[M e[ gkme nfij/ th NZeo/ fe fiBQK B/ w/oh fGnKp[bk fdZsh.

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T[BQK nb'ue ;ZiDK dk efjDk ;h fe s[;hA r[o{ BkBe d/t gkfsFkjdh @@fis[ izwfj okikfB@ dh so} cV e/ n?t/A jh fJe tkr/ fij/ j' e/n"os}ks dh T[;ssh eo fdZsh j?. e[ZM e[ wod gqXkB ;wki d/ g?o'ekow[ohdK dk efjDk ;h fe wK dh wwsk dh n?At/ wFj{oh ehsh j'Jh j?, goe'Jh BjhA p'bdk-efjzdk fe pkg dh pkgsk th e'Jh F?n j[zdh j?. fconc;'; fe fBnkD/ th fiT{Ad/ ihn pkg B{z fpgsk jh ;wMd/ jB. y?o,T[BQK dk efjDk ;h fe nfij/ eg[ZsK B{z ;wM T[d'A nkT[Adh j? fe id'A fgskd/ ijkB'A e[{u eoB s'A pknd fJBQK B{z d[BhnK ns/ Fohe Xosh p;kotorh fd;D bk fdzd/ jB.

w?A eJh ;ZiDK Bkb fJ; soQK @d{o-GkF# #s/ yk;h frnkB-r'FNhehsh fe i/ pzd/ s/ n"os d/ e[Zb r[D-n"r[D fwbk e/ e'Jh rZb efjDh-eEBh j't/ sK GkJh ;wki ftu n"os dk doik nkdwh s'A T[go jh nkT[Adkj?. yk; s"o #s/ i/ pzd/ d/ iBw s'A woB sZe d/ ;wkfie s/ ;dkukfoe:'rdkB d/ gZy s'A d/fynk ikt/ sK nkdwh fe;/ th xo-gfotko ftunkgDhnK wkJhnK-phphnK Bkb'A fes/ fgZS/ j?. fco n"os B{z w?A f;qFNh dhw[Zy f;oiDk ;o's j'D s'A pknd d[BhnK Go d/ ;kfjs s/ yk; s"o #s/ekft ;kfjs dk w{b ;o's wzBdk jK. r[o{ ;kfjpkB s'A b? e/ ;{ch ;zsK sZeB/ gqwkswk d/ ;kjwD/ nkgD/ nkg B{z wfjbk o{gh nkswk ti'A do;kfJnkj?. go fJ; s'A T[bN okJ/ oZyD tkb/ ;ZiD ;'ud/ jB fe oZp d/ ;wekbhF?skB B/ n"os B{z Bo Gkt wod d/ d[FwD d/ o{g ftu jh yVQk ehsk j?.fJe ;ZiD efjD bZrk fe pkp/ nkdw B{z n"os B/ jh oZp d/ pfjFsh pkrftu'A ;/p ykD B{z fejk ;h, fi; j[ew nd{bh eoe/ oZp B/ pzd/ B{z pVk p/nkpo{ eoe/ Xosh #s/ ;[ZN fdZsk ;h.

T[BQK dh fJe dbhb fJj th ;h fe xo-rqfj;Eh d/ ftu fizB/ gzr/-gkyzv n"os oudh j?, pzdk sK T[; d/ gkf;zr th BjhA j?. fJBQK ;ZiDKB/ wksk e?eZJh dh nkgD/ g[Zso bJh oki gqkgsh dh fsqFBk s'A b? e/ wksk;hsk tZb'A ;[Bfjoh fwor dh swzBk sZe d/ j'J/-phs/ wkV/ gqGktK dk w?B{zfrnkB eotk fdZsk. fco T[BQK B/ wjKGkos ekb ftu do'gdh tZb'Ado:'XB dh ehsh rJh p/fJ}sh ns/ Bshi/ ti'A wjK:[ZX d/ ;zskg dh eEkth S/Vh. fco fJe j'o ;ZiD dk sK fJj efjDk ;h fe d[BhnK d/ ikpos/ Bkpo j[ewokB th n"os d/ fJFe dh ehb s'A BjhA pu ;e/.

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pfjojkb w/ok fJj th wzBDk j? fe fJ; soQK :[r'-:[r ubdh nkojh j[;B s/ fJFe dh y/v ftu Gkt/A :{BkB dh j?bB nkc No"J/ j't/ iKfw;o dh ebhUg?sok j't/ s/ c/o Gkt/A fJj gqkuhB ;w/A d/ Bro t?Fkbhdh nwogkbh j't/ iK Gkt/A w/tkV dh okDh eoDktsh iK fus"V dh okDhgdwBh j't/ iK fco Gkt/A gzikp d/ Bro B{owfjb dh izwgb fjzd';skBdh wfbek B{oijK j't/, pZ; fJj ;G b'e-fdbK dhnK okDhnK th ;B.

y?o! ib{o fgzv tkb/ fJe iE/dko ;kfjp sK w/o/ yfjV/ jh g? rJ/fe }BkBh }ks sK @fcZNDhnK dk c/N# j[zdh j?. T[BQK dk efjDk ;h fe oKM/B{z gZND tkbh jho s/ nzr'A-;ke'A T[; dh Gshih ;fjpK B/ Gbk eh Gbhr[}koh ;h. fwo}/ :ko B{z wotkT[D tkbh sK ;fjpK jh ;h. fJBQK dhnKeos{sK B{z d/y e/ jh sK feZ;keko ghb{ B/ @@GZm ozBK dh d';sh, fiBQK dhy[oh fgZS/ wZs## ns/ @@e'm/ :ko uVQkT[AdhnK s/ g"Vh fdzdhnK uZe## iK@@jZ;-jZ; bkT[AdhnK :kohnK o'-o' fdzdhnK dZ;## tor/ eEB ehs/ jB.nfijhnK wkVhnK tfjtsK s/ eos{sK eoB tkbhnK fJj N{D/jkohnK,w'w'mZrDhnK s/ y/yDjkohnK n"osK jh j[zdhnK jB. rZb ehl iE/dko ihB/ w?B{z ghb{ s/ tkfo; Fkj seohpB nZXk gVQk fdZsk.

ne;o jh n"os}ks fJFe dh uow-;hwk #s/ gj[zu e/ f;swro pDiKdh j?. fJ; ;hwk #s/ nk e/ e;s{oh fwor tKr{z fJj nkgD/ jmhfJFe-w[Fe dh gZNh ;hos Bkb'A tZX ;{os d/ r[wkB ftu yhth j' iKdhj?. T[d'A fco fJFe-fwik}h dh d[BhnK dh wkF{ek-okDh tb'A ne;o jhnkgD/ nkfFe dh t\k dk w[Zb i\k ftu ndk j[zdk j?.

fco fJj e'wbnKrh s/ e'wbGkth ejkT[D tkbh n"os fJj' fijhFhAjDh pD iKdh j?, fijVh fe F/o B{z fJFe-g/u/ s'A pknd X/b/ tZN/ thBjhA f;nkDdh. fco fit/A c[Zb dhnK e'wb gzyVhnK G"o/ B{z nkgDh frqcsftu ckj b?AdhnK jB ns/ FwK gqtkB/ B{z ibk fdzdh j?l fpbe[Zb fJT[A fij/jh fJj n"os}ks nkgD/ gq/wh G"fonK B{z ;sk-ygk e/ y[F j[zdh j?. pZ;fJ; soQK fJBQK n"osK d/ ftnkj s'A gfjbK iK pknd d/ G{zv nkfFenkgDh xo s'A pkjo sZe fSZso-gq/v s'A b? e/ y[de[FhnK dh B"ps nkT[DsZe nkgD/ fgnko dk w[Zb #skod/ jB.

p/FZe fJ; nzBQ/ fJFe dh y/v ftu ne;o pzd/ jh n"osK Bkb'A tZv/

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fyvkoh j[zd/ jB. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe jw/FK s'A jh ;kv/ ;wki ftuwod gqXkB fojk j? s/ fJe s'A tZX n"os Bkb ftnkj eotkT[D iKBikfJ} ;pzX oZyD B{z nkgDk iBwiks jZe ;wMdk fojk j?. T[Xo d{i/gk;/ n"os Gkt/A fes/ feskJhA w{zj }'o th j'Jh j?, go nkfyoekon"os}ks B/ Fow s/ j:k B{z nkgDk rfjDk ;wfMnk j?. fJ; bJh n"osgorwB ftu Fohe }o{o j'Jh j?, go fJ; jt; dh y/v dk w'joh efEs@d[ZX X'sk# nkdwh jh fojk j?. go fiE/ fes/ fJj e[;zrk ;ke pD frnk,T[E/ fco ;wM' fe n"os B/ ;zr-Fow dk x[zv u[e e/ fJFe dk y[ZbQk BkuBZfunk j?. fJ; ;pzX ftu bzp/-u"V/ ft;Eko dh b'V BjhA, ;r'A fJ; ;zr-e[;zr B{z fJe b'e p'bh dh fJe bkJhB jh g{oB s"o #s/ fpnkB eo iKdhj? fe id'A n"os nkgD/ gsh B{z fJE'A sZe efj fdzdh j? fe,@o'Nh w/ok :koyk frnk, dkD/ uZp b? gshb/ fdnk YZeDk#. fBo;zd/j fJj gq;fEsh jt;dh d[BhnK dh j?.

go fiE'A sZe fJFe d/ ;z;ko dk ;[nkb j?, T[E/ nkfFeK bJh wkD-ngwkB ns/ woB s/ fiT{D ftu e''Jh coe BjhA j[zdk. fJ; gqEkfJ fJeejkts j? fe @wfonK dk wksw d' fdB dk, fJFe B{z fBZs wekDk#.nkfFeK d/ ;z;ko ftu wZesb dk okj izBs sZe iKdk j?. T[E/ sK wB;{otKr{z ;{bh uVQB dk nkbw nkfFe dh y[dh #s/ skoh j[zdk j?. nkfFe bJhfJFe dk okj Bktod-J/-F"e Gkt izrbK s/ phnkpkBK ftu y[d ukj e/x[zwD dk j?. nfij/ dFs-Bktodh nkfFeK dk nehdk sK @wfjwb e' ikbhnk :kokB/ s/}rkw B/, jw :{z jh wfjt/ BkbkJ/-io;/-ekotK oj/#nB[;ko jh j[zdk j?. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe wF{e dh v'bh B{z s/} ocskonkfFe jh fwb ;ed/ jB. go fijV/ nkfFe s;to/ ikBk ehJ/ j{J/ p?m/ofjzd/ jB ns/ ekotK d/ rZfvnK d/ pbdK dhnK NZbhnK ;[DB ftu jhw;s ofjzd/ jB, T[BQK d/ fgV-gZb/ eZy th BjhA g?Adk. fJ; bJh jh sKwzfBnk frnk j? fe nkfFe-wkF{e izBs-B;hp j' e/ @c[Zb pDd/ jB iKskok pDd/ jB#.

fJ; s'A w?B{z :kd nkfJnk fe fJ; s'A gfjbK w?A F?e;ghno tofrnKB{z th gfVQnk ;h, fijVk n"os B{z @co?fbNh dkJh B/w fJ} t[w?B# s/@e?N; fJB p?Zv# efjzdk j?. go fJBQK nDikD/ s/ p/gSkD ftdtkBK dhfJj fNZgDh @@ozBK uzubjkohnK eh ozBK dk fJspko, fJj fdB/ voB

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goSkftUA s/ okshA BdhnK eodhnK gko## ;[D e/ sK w?A fBjkb jh j'frnk. y?o! w?A fJ; rZb dk th ekfJb jK fe w/ok gzikph ;kfjs dkfrnkB pj[s jh nX{ok j?.

c/o T[BQK GkJh ;kfjp B/ nkgDh rZb dh skJhd ti'A w/ok i'V nkgD/e'b p?m/ ;kEh GkJh wzr{ f;zx Bkb g[nk fdZsk. pZ; fJBQK ;ZiDK dk fJe'okr-nbkg ;h fe fJe }BkBh d{;oh }BkBh dh iBwiks t?oh j[zdh j?feT[Afe id'A fe;/ xo Xh izwdh j? sK ikg/ ;w/A ;G s'A gfjbK ;Z; s/BDdK jh efjzdhnK jB fe ;kvh B{zj B/ sK gZEo izfwnk j?. pzd/ B{z sKpknd ftu jh gsk bZrdk j? fe fJBQK f;nkDhnK B/ sK gfjbK jh gZEoo'VQ fdZsk j? Gkt e[Vh B{z izwD ;ko jh gko p[bk fdZsk j?.

fJ; soQK tki/-spb/ dh ;zrs eod/ okrhnK tKr{z fJ; dbhbpk}i'Vh B/ ni'e/ ;w/A dhnK nfijhnK okr-okrDhnK ;[Dk e/ w?B{z wzso w[rXeoh oZfynk. T[BQK dk efjDk ;h fe id'A ftnkj ;w/A e'Jh e[Vh u'yk dkiBjhA fbnkT[Adh sK pzfdnK B{z sK gsk th BjhA j[zdk, ;r'A fJj dokDk-imkDk jh j[zdk j?l fijVk T[; ;Zi-ftnkjh d/ xo-gfotko s/ g/fenKdk gki T[x/Vdk j?. fJj rZb sK fpbe[b wzBD tkbh j? fe nkw s"o #s/fe;/ th n"os d/ ;j[o/ xo dhnK }BkBhnK s/ yk; s"o #s/ ;Z; dk dkifpBK BZe BjhA ofjzdk. fJ; soQK fJe ftukoh n"os d/ FrBK B{z pdFrBeoB tkbhnK th ne;o T[[; dhnK jwfiB; n"osK jh j[zdhnK jB.

y?o! ;zro{oK tkb/ fJBQK jzY/-tos/ ;ZiDK dh fJj dbhb th pVhekfJb eoB tkbh ;h fe nZi sZe n"osK B{z nZr bkT[D-bZrD tkbhnKd[oxNBktK ftu B{zjK jh feT[A tZvh frDsh ftu pbh uVQdhnK jB. T[BQKdk efjDk ;h fe r?; u[ZfbQnK d/ gquZbD s'A gfjbK ;N't Bkb nZr bZrDdhnK tkodksK ftu @;N't d/tsk# dh ;G s'A tZX dh eo'gh B{zjK #s/ jhfeT[A j[zdh ;h< pZ; g[ZS' Bk T[BQK dh pfj;pk}h B/ w/o/ fe;/ ;w/Aw?fi;Nq/N j'D d/ nfj;k; B{z fJe tko sK efNjo/ ftu yVQ/ w[iow d/fJepkb-J/-i[ow sZe dh ;N/i #s/ x;hN fbnKdk.

fco T[BQK dk fJj th efjDk ;h fe }BkBhnK jh ;ko/ g[nkfVnK dhiVQ j[zdhnK jB. fJ; bJh seohpB jo MrV/ ftu n"os w;kb/ ftufggbkw{b tKr{z Fkwb j[zdh j?. xoK d/ xo ;kvhnK xo dhnK n"osK jh

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g[ZN fdzdhnK jB. fJBQK d/ nkg;h dokD/-imkD/ dh bVkJh GoktK d/ Fohe/dh bVkJh ftu nZr #s/ fwZNh d/ s/b tork ezw eodh j?. fJ; gqEkfJfJe ejkts j? fe @uzd e"o uZewk u[ZbQk, fes/ GoktK B{z GVk e/ wko{#.fco f;Zsw fJj j? fe n"os jh n"os dh ;G s'A gfjbK s/ tZvh Fohej[zdh j?. nkgD/ xoK ftu nkgDhnK jh B{zjK dh ;'u #s/ gkpzdh bkT[D s/T[BQK B{z dpkT{ oZyD tk;s/ xo dhnK ;Z;K s/ BDdK tb'A gsk BjhA fezB/jh jhb/-jop/ tos/ iKd/ jB. fco nkgDhnK B{zjK #s/ fJe gk;/ sK gfjo/fpmkJ/ iKd/ jB s/ d{i/ gk;/ rZbhA-pkshA fdykt/ wkso y/yD s/ Ye"Ai ehs/iKd/ jB. go ;ZukJh fJj j? fe ;kv/ xoK dhnK pj{nK dh wkBf;e;fEsh s/ T[BQK d/ uktK-wbQkoK #s/ bZr/ gfjfonK dh soiwkBh ;kvh fJeb'e p'bh eodh j? feL-

BZuD d/t/ Bk uzBD dh wkskBZuDk sK w?A pE/ok ikDdh

fJ; gq;zr ftu jh fejk frnk j? fe s[;hA Gkt/A ;Z; s/ B{zj d'B'A;kT{dh nop s'A b? nkU, go fJBQK ftu th Fohek nkgDhnK gzikph;[nkDhnK tork jh j[zdk j? s/ nkgD/ tKr{z jh fJBQK dk nkgD/ nkdwhnKBkb ne;o fJZN-e[Zs/ dk t?o j[zdk j?. pzdk Gkt/A fezBh fwjBs eo bt/s/ fwZNh Bkb fwZNh j'fJnk oj/, go fJBQK d/ ;[oyh fpzdh s/ gfjBD-guoD d/ you/ g{o/ BjhA j[zd/. ;r'A nkw s"o #s/ e'Jh th ewkT{ pzdk fJBQKd/ ukn g{o/ eodk-eodk jh y[zrb j' iKdk j?. fJ; soQK jh B"eoh g/F/tkb/ pzd/ s/ tZv/-tZv/ nc;o shthAnK d/ F"e g{o/ eod/-eod/ foFtsy'ohd/ okj g? iKd/ jB. pkJh, ;Zu wzfBU! w?A T[BQK dhnK rZbK ;[DB s'A pknd;fs puB-;fs puB efj e/ ekb fvT{o/FB w[skfpe w;K jh 39 fwzNpknd yfjVk S[vkfJnk.

fJZe N?bhc'B w?B{z w'r/ s'A fe;/ p[ZXhihth nfXnkge dk nkfJnk. fJj;ZiD w/o/ jh ekbi d/ rq?i{J/N j'D ti'A pVh ngDZs s/ wkD Bkb w?B{z;wMkT[D bZr/ fe }BkBhnK fJj feT[A G[Zb iKdhnK jB fe ;Z; th ed/B{zj j[zdh ;h. T[; dk efjDk ;h fe fgqEw? id'A dh Xosh ;kih j?, T[d'As'A B{zj-;Z; dk t?o j?. id'A B{zj ;Z; pD iKdh j? sK T[j nkgDh ;Z; dhnKwkVhnK eos{sK s/ T[; d/ gqsh wkV/ ftjko B{z G[ZbD dh pikJ/ nkgDk r[Z;knkgDh B{zj #s/ @fvZfrnk y'sh s'A s/ r[Z;k x[fwnko T[s/# d/ nykD nB[;ko

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eZYdh j?. fJ; soQK fJj fijVhnK }BkBhnK wodK s'A nkgD/ pDd/ jZee'oN-eufjohnK s'A b? e/ gkobhw?AN sZe wzrdhnK fcodhnK jB, fJjny"sh dkBhnK Gkt f;nkDhnK p[VQhnK nkgD/ xoK ftu nkgD/ jh tordh n"os B{z Bz{j d/ o{g ftu fJe w;{oh g?;/ fizBk th e'Jh nfXeko BjhAfdzdhnK. ;r'A pdbk bT{ GktBk Bkb rZb-rZb #s/ B{zjK B{z u'GK bkT[AdhnKofjzdhnK jB.

fJj wkJhnK d{i/ gk;/ nkgDhnK gfjBhnK-gZuohnK XhnK B{z sK e[MefjzdhnK BjhA, go B{zjK B{z n"yk eoB bJh @XhJ/ s{z ezB eo s/ B{zj/A s{zezw eo# torhnK f;nkDgK MkVdhnK ofjzdhnK jB. iBkp p[ZXhihth;kfjp dk s'Vk fJ; rZb #s/ MfVnk fe B{zjK B{z sK ;Z;K jw/FK jh pdbkbT{ GktBk Bkb sZeb/ dk ftzr f;ZXk eoB tKr{z jo w"e/ #s/ feVQKeZYdhnK ofjzdhnK jB. go id'A n"os ;wki d/ jZeK dh rZb nkT[Adh j?sK wod ;wki tZb'A j' ojhnK tXhehnK dk t?D-f;nkfgnK fijk ftobkgeodhnK jB.

fJ; ;ko/ pfj;-w[pkfj;/ ftu'A fJe ;KMh fijh XkoBk fJj pDdhj? fe n"os ;kv/ tb'A FfvT{bek;NK B{z dpkT{ eoB tKr{z gfjbK sK dph-dpkJh ofjzdh j?. fco yk; s"o #s/ g[Zs-Xh itkB j'D #s/ T[j nkg ;Z;d/ ikw/ ftu nk iKdh j?. fco T[j nkgD/ jZvK #s/ jzYkJ/ ;w/A B{z nkgD/wkBf;e fuZsogN #s/ d/ydh j? sK T[; B{z nkgDh f}zdrh d/ y[Zd B{zj ti'AG'r/ wkV/ gb :kd nkT[Ad/ jB. go nc;'; fe T[j nkgDhnK ;Z;K s/dokDhnK-imkDhnK d/ wkV/ ;b{e B{z G[ZbD dh pikJ/ T[; ;w/A d/ ;ko/ o';/-x'f;nK s/ r[ZG-r[bkN d/ T[j fcsosB nkgDhnK B{zjK s'A frD-frD e/pdb/ b?Adh j?. fJ; bJh fJj wzBD tkbh rZb j? fe n"os B{z wod ;wkis'A nkgD/ jZe wzrD s'A gfjbK nkgD/ n"os tor s/ ;wki ftu fgnko,J/esk s/ ;KMhtkbsk ekfJw eoBh gt/rh.

fJ; soQK jh w/o/ r[nKY ftu fJe pVh jh B/e ;hos ;[nkDh dkftuko j? fe n"os B{z nkgD/ wod B{z szr eoB ftu pVk ;[nkd nkT[Adkj?. T[; dk efjDk j? fe yk; s"o #s/ id'A xo-rqfj;Eh ftu phth s/yktzd 45-50 ;kb B{z Y[Zed/ jB sK }BkBh B{z e[dosh s"o #s/ jh ;kohT[wo wod tb'A nkgD/ nkg B{z bskV/ ikD dk nfj;k; ;[Zs/ itkbkw[yh

140

tKr{z ikrdk j?. n"os dh fJ; @;[Bkwh bfjoK# torh gqfefonk fgZS/ e[ZMe[ nkgD/ i[nkB pZfunK d/ ;kE dk \yo j[zdk j? s/ e[ZM e[ T[; ftu nze[oo{gh dZp/ gJ/ pdb/ dh GktBk th ikfrqs j' iKdh j?, fi; eoe/ shthA B{znkgD/ xotkb/ B{z ;skT[D ftu pj[s ;e{B fwbdk j?. w/o/ fynkb ftufJj rZb mhe th j? feT[Afe ;kv/ tZb'A ehs/ ;fwnK g[okD/ ;wkfie dbD-wbD d/ nfij/ jh gquZbD d/ fto[ZX j[D n;hA ni'e/ ;w/A ftu FfvT{bvs/ p?etov ebk;K ftu fJe ftbZyD s/ ntZb/ fij/ o'j-ftdo'j dkgqrNktk t/yd/ jK.

fco w?B{z fJe f;nkD/ tehb dk Bzrb s'A N?bhc'B nkfJnk, fi; B/w?B{z vkT[oh gq'fjpFB n?eN, gqht?BFB nkc v"w?;fNe tkfJb?A; n?eN,dck 498 nkJhHghH;hH s/ r[}ko/ GZs/ ti'A you/-tou/ bJh dck 125;hHnkoHghH;hH s/ e[ZM e[ j'o ekB{zBK s/ }kpfsnK dk fXnkB fdtk e/dZf;nk fe id'A fes/ n"osK dk th dkn bZrdk j? sK j[D T[j th nkgD/gsh s/ ;j[fonK B{z X'ph gNVk wkoB s'A ;ze'u BjhA eodhnK. T[; dkefjDk ;h fe fJBQK ekB{zB-ftXkBK dh seohpB nZX'-nZX dh fB;psftu n"osK tb'A th d[otos'A j' ojh j?.

w[Zedh rZb j? fe w?B{z fJj wzBDk fgnk fe GkJh fJj rZb ;Zuh j?fe ni'e/ ;w/A ftu dki-dj/i ekB{zB, Go{D jZfsnk d/ fto[ZX ekB{zB,xo/b{ fjz;k d/ fto[ZX ekB{zB s/ j'o ;oekoh UjV-g'jV n;b ftugfjbK sK w[Zy s"o #s/ n"os ;wki tZb'A nkgD/ jh tor Bkb ehs/ ipos/ }[bw dh o'eEkw d/ s'V-sohe/ ti'A j'Ad ftu nkJ/ jB.

fJj ;ZukJh th ;kjwD/ jh j? fe ;oekoK s/ ;wki d/ :sBK d/pkti{d th w[zfvnK dh fB;ps ftu e[VhnK dh frDsh feT[A xZN ojh j?<fJ; dk w[Zy s"o #s/ fJj jh ekoB j? fe iBw ;w/A s'A jh n"os dhfJZ}s-nkpo{ dh fuzsk wkfgnK B{z pD iKdh j?. fJ; tk;s/ nZi d/ ;wkiftu wkg/ e[VhnK d/ iBw B{z fdb'A-wB'A BjhA ep{bd/. ;wki dh ny"shsoZeh s/ ftek; d/ pkti{d th ;kvk wkBf;e gZXo #s/ ftek; BjhAj'fJnk. ;kvh wkBf;esk ftu j[D th n"os dk ti{d f;oc nikp ;fjDtk;s/ jh j? feT[Afe e[VhnK d/ gVQB ;w/A s'A b? e/ B"itkB r/Vh wk;Now[zfvnK s/ fco wod ;wki d/ wkgdzvK nB[;ko n"os Bkb XZek-X'Vh

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ebuo nZr/ pbkseko sZe ik gj[zudk j?. n"os B{z dki-dj/i dh pbhs'A b? e/ fiT[Ad/ ihn nZr ftu ;kVB sZe dk e'Mk gqubD ;wki ftu@nkBo-fefbzr# Gkt @nDy dh ykso esb# d/ Bkw #s/ p[bp[bhnk p[bkfojk j?. fJ; ;ko/ wkV/ tosko/ bJh p/FZe ekB{zB sK pD/ jB, go ekB{zBKB{z bkr{ eoB tkbk e'Jh BjhA. ;r'A ;oeko fJ; gZy'A b{D ;[zxdh fcodhj? Gkt e[ZM th BjhA eo ojh. don;b ;Zuh rZb fJj j? fe ;oekoK thsK wodK dhnK jh jB. n"osK sK ;Zuw[Zu jh fJBQK ftu nkN/ ftu G'oke[ b{D wkso jh jB.

nkfyo w?A nkgD/ T[; yoVQ-frnkBh gkme s'A yfjVk S[vkT[D dhro} Bkb fejk fe GkJh w?B{z th gsk j? fe ;z;ko ftu fizBhnKbVkJhnK-fGVkJhnK j'JhnK jB, T[BQK ftu n"os dk o'b pVk Bkekoksfwefojk j?. go fJe ;wki ftu ekDfrnkoh tKr{z fes/ g?dk j'JhnKnfijhnK n"osK dh ykso ;koh n"os}ks d/ ;ekoksfwe o'b B{z th sKBjhA M[mbkfJnk ik ;edk.

]?o! fJBQK gzi uko N?bhc'BK d/ dofwnkB fdbpoh s/ j";bk nc}kT{;ZiDK d/ N?bhc'BK B/ th w?B{z dw fdtkJh oZfynk. go nyho ftu w?B{zfJT[A jh ikfgnk fe fit/A wod ;wki dk fijVk N'bk nkgD/ nkg B{z @Bo#ejkT[D dk F"ehB j?, T[; B/ sK w/ok GKvk jh Nkb fdZsk j?.

go fJ; gq;zr ftu e[Zb fwbk e/ ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ ;kv/ nZi d/ ;wki dkfJj jh :EkoE j? fe n;hA n"os}ks dh ;kv/ ;wki B{z d/D s/ yk; s"o#s/ fe;/ th n"yh xVh ftu nkgD/ xoK s'A b? e/ d/F dh stkohy sZe Bkohdh e[opkBh B{z p/FZe pj[s jZd sZe ikDd/ jK. go fco th Bkoh FeshejkT[Adh, fJj n"os}ks jw/FK jh wod ;wki dh nXhBsk ftu jh ojhj?. gzikp d/ wzB/ gqwzB/ FkfJo @;kfjo b[fXnkDth# B/ n"os}ks dh wod;wki tb'A j' ojh p/edoh tk;s/ i' efj fdZsk j?l T[; s'A tZvh fcNeko;kv/ ;w[Zu/ ;wki s/ e"wh nkr{nK B{z e'Jh j'o j' jh BjhA ;edh. T[; dkeEB j? fe n;hA fJe gk;/ Bkoh B{z ns/ Bkoh Fesh B{z d[ork s/ uzvh dk;keko o{g wzBd/ jK, go d{i/ gk;/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJ; B{z g?o dh i[Zshs/ fco nkgDh jt; dk ;kXB th pDk oZfynk j?.

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;kv/ ;w/A dk fJe wjkB fuzse rhseko ;kfjo b[fXnkDth pV/ jh dodfGzB/ nzdk} ftu ;kvh iBBh n"os ns/ Bkoh iksh gqsh wodK d/ e'M/ otJhJ/dh ftnkfynk p/fw;kb FpdK ftu eodk j? feL-

n"os B/ iBw dhnk wod'A e', wod'A B/ T[;/ pk}ko dhnkip ih ukjk w;bk e[ubk, ip ih ukjk d[seko dhnk

:/ p/fJ}s uh} j? i', pN iksh j? fJ}sdko'A w/Awod'A e/ bhJ/ jo n?F ek je, n"os e/ bhJ/ p; ihBk Gh ;}k

fJ; ;zdoG ftu @;kfjo# wod ;wki Bz{ neb d/ xo nkT[D dh ;'Mhs/ ;bkj fdzdk j'fJnk fbydk j? fe T[j n"os dh edo eoBk f;Zy/. fJ;gqEkfJ fco @fgnk;k# fcbw dh fJe wFj{o r}b okjhA ;kfjo b[fXnkDthB/ ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ ;kv/ wod gqXkB ;wki ftu ;kv/ jE'A jh j' ojh n"osdh d[orsh s/ p/edoh pko/ pj[s jh Gktg{oB FpdK ftu y[bk;k ehskj?. T[; B/ e"w d/ ofjpoK s/ ofjB[wktK tzrko gkJh j? fe T[j j'F dhdtk eoB fe n"os dk ;kv/ ;wki ftu eh o[spk j? s/ n"os}ks Bkbeh phs ojh j?.

:/ phth Gh j? n"o pjB Gh j? wK Gh. fiBQK Bk} j? fjzd go t'j ejK j?A.wdd ukjsh j? :/ jtk eh p/Nh :F'Xk eh jwfiB; okXk eh p/Nh.}ok w[be e/ ofjpo'A e' p[bkU. :/ e{u/ :/ rbhnK :/ wz}o fdykU.

fiBQ/ Bk} j? fjzd go t'j ejK j?A<

fBo;zd/j FkfJo dk fJe-fJe nZyo ;kvh B}o d/ nzXoks/ s/ ;kv/p'b/ ezBK dh pVh fByko e/ s;tho g/F eodk j?, go n;hA gsk BjhAfejVh p/;wMh ftu e"wh fJybke d/ gZy'A nkgDh f;oiDjkoh iDBh B{zft;ko oZfynk j?. n"os }ks dh fJZ}s eoBk sK fJe gk;/ fojk, id'Aed/ Bkoh B{z BhtK fdykT[D bJh T[; dh fJZ}s-nkpo{ d/ gZy'A p/edoheoB dk w"ek nkT[Adk j? sK n;hA fJj w"ek ed/ BjhA r[nkT[Ad/. nyhobhrZb fJj j? fe n;hA seohpB ;ko/ fJ; gZy'A @wro Fow jw e' BjhAnksh,# fijh nkgDh fcsos nB[;ko pV/ jh p/FZeoe, p/Fow s/ Yhm j'iKd/ jK.

;kB{z ;zr-Fow nkT[D dh rZb sK d{o ojh. ;r'A ;kv/ bJh j'o thFowBke rZb fJj j? fe ;w[Zu/ Bkoh ;wki dk fJj ;[nkb fe eh wod-

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gqXkB ;wki B{z ed/ Fow nkJ/rh th fe BjhA< eh n;hA ed/ neb-j'Fdh dtkJh eo ;eKr/< iK eh fco n;hA Bkoh ;wki dh p/edoh eoe/nkgDh ;w[Zuh e"w B{z d[BhnK ;kjwD/ p/nkpo{ eod/ ojKr/< eh n;hAfJ;soh iksh dk Go{D jZfsnk d/ o{g ftu Bo;zjko jh eod/ ojKr/<fJ; soQK eh n;hA nkgD/ g?o e[jkVh wkoB tKr Bo s/ Bkoh dh nB[gksftrkV e/ e[dos dh eo'gh ;j/Vd/ j'J/ jw/FK nfDnkJh w"s jh wod/ojKr/< fBo;zd/j j[D sZe fJj ;ko/ gqFB ;kv/ wod ;wki tb'A fBoT[ZsojB. fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;r'A nZi ;kvk ;w[Zuk Bkoh irs g[oF gqXkB ;wkiB{z pV/ ftT[A s/ ftnzr Bkb efj fojk j? fe p{MV'! s[;hA eh ikD' okw ;Zse[VhnK dh.

T[Xo d{i/ gk;/ ;w[Zuh e"w n"os}ks B{z T[; dk pDdk jZe s/ doikd/D ;pzXh nkgDh jh dtzXh ;'u d/ GzpbG{;/ ftu gJh j'Jh j?. oZpk! p"VQhj?, ;kB{z ;kv/ fJ; wkBf;e d'rb/gD s'A fBiks gkT[D bJh e'Jh u{zYh e[Go neb dk dkB pyF d/j, pZ; j[D s/ok jh UN nk;ok j?.

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8

nzwk d/y s/ok w[zvk fprVk ikJ/gzikp d/ nwho ;fGnkuko s/ ;fGnkukoe ftok;s d/ gq;zr ftu

;kvh ni'eh ghVQh nkgD/ pZfunK ;w/s fi; ;fEsh ftu gj[zuh j'Jh j?,T[j fJj j? fe n;hA ni/ th nkgk uhBD s/ nkgD/ tZb B{z T[Arb eoBdh pikJ/ d{finK B{z e;{otko mfjokT[Ad/ jK. n;hA nkgDh e'skjh s/ e;{odk e{Vk r[nKYh d/ xo nZr/ ;[ZND dh gqftosh oZyd/ jK. n;hA id'A efjzd/jK fe @nzwk d/y s/ok w[zvk fprVk ikJ/# sK fJ; fJj gqsZy j? fenZi dh itkBh dk gqshe w[zvk ftrV fojk j? ns/ n;hA fJ; pko/ T[; dhwK B{z fusktBh d/ oj/ jK. go fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;wkfie s"o #s/ ;kvh;kfonK dh feBkokeFh s/ GKitkdh Bhsh fJj j? fe n;hA B"itkB ghVQhdh fJ; ftrV ojh dFk s'A j[D th p/]po fij/ ofjDk ukj[zd/ jK.

nZi ;kv/ d/F ftu ftnzrkswe N'Ne/ wkso fJe rhs @nzwk d/y,nzwk d/y s/ok w[zvk fprVk ikJ/# ;[DkJh d/ fojk j?. fJ; rhs d/:EkoEtkdh p'b nZi d/ ;w/A d/ ;fGnkuko s/ ;kv/ B"itkBK d/ ubD dhs;tho g/F eod/ jB. fJ; sB} Gog{o rhs dk ;ko ;kvh w"i{dk;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko d/ nbzpodkoK dh th ;jh soiwkBh eodk j?.nZi ;kv/ ;wki ftu Bt/A :[Zr dh BthA sfj}hp s/ Bt/A ;fGnkukodk gquZbD j?.

;kv/ s'A gfjbhnK ghVQhnK dh ;kd w[okdh s/ T[Zuh ;'u #s/ nXkfosihtB F?bh s/ ;wkfie edoK-ehwsK dk ;EkB wkdkgq;sh s/ gdkoEtkdh;'u s/ eko ftjko B/ b? fbnk j? ns/ fes/ Bk fes/ n;hA B?fse s/;dkukoe gZy'A ;wki ftu e[ZM r[nkfunk-r[nkfunk wfj;{; eo oj/ jK.gfjbK Bkb'A j[D wkfJnk th ;kv/ tX uoB go;dh j? s/ ;kB{z ;[Zy;[ftXktK th pj[s jB. go c/o th gsk BjhA feT[A n;hA X[o nzdo'A p/u?Bfij/ ofjzd/ jK< n;hA ;wkfie s"o #s/ ;kvh fJ; ftrVh ukb s/ p/Yzrh;'u dk mheok B"itkB ghVQh d/ f;o GzBd/ jK. n;hA nkgD/ pZfunK B{z Gkt/A e'Jh uzrh ihtB-iKu iK ihtB ;/X BjhA d/ ;e/. go id'A th efjzd/ jK,T[d'A pVh fceowzdh Bkb fJj jh efjzd/ jK fe nZi dh ghVQh gsk BjhAfeXo B{z ik ojh j?<

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;kvh wkBf;esk s/ ;wkfie ;fEsh nB[;ko n;hA ;ko/ jh fJj sKukj[zd/ jK fe @jho izw/ sK ;jh, go r[nKYhnK d/ xo izw/#. fco fes/@Fjhd Grs f;zx tork ;g{s izw/ sK ;jh, go ;kv/ xo Bk izw/# feT[Afe;kvh e"w d/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK ftu T[BQK d/ d/F gq/w ekoB T[d'A dhnK;oekoK B/ }whB-ikfJdkdK e[oe eo bJhnK ;B. ;' ;kv/ fJ; soQK d/;[yd go ;[nkoEh nfj;k;K fgZS/ ;kvh p/w[oZts nbro}h th Fkwb j?.fJ; tk;s/ id'A ;kv/ xo nZr brdh j? sK T[; dk ;/e ;kB{z b{zjdk j?, goid'A r[nKYh d/ xo nZr brdh j? sK n;hA p;zso ;wM e/ jZE ;/eD dk;[nkd b?Ad/ jK.

n;hA fJ; gqEkJ/ fJj th wzBD s'A w[Beo jK fe fJ; ;ko/ ;z;feqfses/ ;fGnkukoe tosko/ dh o;ksb dk ekoB n;hA y[d nkg jK. j[D w[orhgfjbK nkJh ;h fe nKvk gfjbK nkfJnk ;h tork e'Jh e[dos dknDp[ZfMnk ;tkb th ;kv/ ;kjwD/ BjhA j?. j[D sK ;gFN ;tkb fJj j? feeh @fijV/ o'r'A pZeoh w'Jh Ujh o'r gm'o/ B{z# Gkt fe nZi ;kvh B"itkBghVQh B{z T[j ;ko/ nB?fseK s/ fGqFNkukoh o'rK B/ rqf;nk j'fJnk BjhAl fiBQKB/ fe ;kB{z ;fGnkukfoe s"o #s/ nfDnkJh w"s wkfonk j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu;kB{z ;o/yw s;bhw eo b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe gfjbK ;kv/ jh u"b fuZN/ j'J/jB ns/ n;hA jh nkgDhnK wkVhnK eos{sK dh eVQh x'bh j?. fJ; bJh ;kB{zF?e;ghno d/ FpdK ftu @;kok e;{o ;kvk j? fgnko/ po{N;# tork ;Zuk-;[Zuk fJepkb/-}[ow ep{b eo b?Dk ukjhdk j?.

]?o! oZp Gbk eo/ s/ n;hA @fBekj d/ ep{bBkw/# ti'A wzB bJhJ/ fe n;hAy[d nkgD/ ;ko/ wkV/ ;wkfie toskfonK bJh e;{otko jK. fco n;hA fJjth wzBhJ/ fe n;hA nkgDhnK j[D tkbhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnKnkgDhnK B;bK d/ Bk-ekfpb/-w[nkc r[Bkjrko jK feT[Afe T[BQK B{z n;hAnkgD/ co}-ntZb ti'A e'Jh ;dkukfoe edoK-ehwsK ;pzXh f;Zfynk iK;/X BjhA d/ ;e/. pZ; oZp ;kv/ r[Bkj w[nkc eo/ s/ nZr/ s'A T[j ;kvkfBrkjpkB j't/ sK fe n;hA nkgD/ gzikp dh ;fwnK s'A uZbh nk ojh nwhos/ nkbhFkB gqzgoktkdh s/ nwho ftok;s B{z ;KG ;ehJ/.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK j[D ;kB{z gqsZy s"o #s/;tkb g[ZSdhnK jB fe i/ T[BQK B{z 10 r[o{nK d/ Bkw BjhA nkT[Ad/ sK ;kvh

146

ghVQh B{z th fejVk 5 fgnkfonK d/ Bkw gsk ;B. fBo;zd/j ;kv/ pZu/;kvk fXnkB @fij' fijh e'e', T[j' fij/ e'e' d/ pZu/# fijh e[doshf;oiDk d/ f;XKs tZb th dtkT[Ad/ jB. T[j p/FZe fJj wzBd/ jB fe T[BQKB{z gzikp d/ nkgD/ jh fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ FkBkwZs/ otkfJsh ;fGnkukopko/ e'Jh pj[sh ikDekoh BjhA j?/. fJ; bJh T[j ;kB{z ;kv/ wjkBg[ofynK d/ ihtBK s/ T[BQK d/ ihtB cb;c/ pko/ ikDB dh ro} Bkb;tkb g[ZSd/ jB. go ;kv/ e'b T[BQK d/ ;[nkbK dk itkp BjhA j?.

fco eh fJj ;Zu BjhA fe ;kB{z sK y[d ;kvh fBZsk-gqsh dh nodk;ftu nkJ/ e[opkBh d/ g[ziK d/ BKn-EK dk th BjhA gsk. T[BQK dk th fJew{e fijk gqFB ;kB{z fJj j? fe n;hA th sK n}kdh fwbD s'A 65 toQ/pknd sZe th T[BQK B{z ftfdnk d/ BKn #s/ jh ;e{bK, ekbiK d/f;b/p;K-gkmeqwK okjhA nkgDh nwho ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko pko/ e[ZMgVQkfJnk iK dZf;nk jh BjhA j?. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe n}kdh s'A pkndj[D sZe n;hA nkgD/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; B{z n}kd e"w dh gq;zrsk nB[;kosoihj s/ soshp BjhA d/ ;e/. n;hA jkb/ th nzro/}K d/ ;w/A d/ fBFfusehs/ e'o; s/ gkmeqw i' n;hA y[d gVQ/ ;h, T[j jh nZr/ pZfunK B{z gVQkoj/ jK. p/FZe ftfdne ;[XkoK tk;s/ ph;hUA G[ZbhnK-ft;ohnK ew/NhnKdhnK fog'oNK ;kv/ ;kjwD/ jB. pZ; rZb @gzuK dk fejk f;o-wZE/,goBkbk T[E/ dk T[E/# tkbh pDh j'Jh j?.

;kv/ pZu/ s/ ;kvhnK j[D tkbhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK fJ; gq;zr ftu pV/;gFNtkdh fij/ Yzr Bkb ;kE'A g[ZSdhnK jB fe eh fJj tkip th j? fej[D ;kfJz; s/ gqrshtkdh :[Zr ftu phs/ ;fwnK d/ ;fGnkuko dh rZbehsh ikt/< ed/ T[j fJj th g[ZSd/ jB fe j[D wFhBK s/ ekoK d/ :[Zr ftufco rZfvnK d/ ;w/A dhnK rZbK eoBhnK fezBhnK e[ ikfJ} jB< yk; s"o#s/ Bkoh ;z;ko tb'A e[VhnK-fuVhnK fJj ;tkb g[ZSdhnK jB fe j[D id'Af;bkJh-eYkJh s/ u"e/ u[ZbQ/ dh jo F?n wFhBK B/ w[jZJhnk eotk fdZshj? sK j[D f;bkJh-eYkJh eoe/ iK u[ZbQ/ u"e/ d/ X{zJ/ Bkb dhd/ Gkt nZyKrkbD dh e'Jh b'V j?< fco id'A ;kv/ pZu/ ifrnk;k ti'A fes/ g[ZS pfjzd/jB fe dkVQh-e/;K dh eh b'V j? sK ;kB{z T[j nZyV s/ r[;sk] B}onkT[Ad/ jB.

147

;kv/ pZfunK dh nfijh ifrnk;{ fposh B{z th n;hA ne;o @nkg Bkt;K ;j[fonK, b'eK wZsh d/j# nB[;ko nkgD/ ftu frnkB dh xkN j'D d/pkti{d th eEk fdzd/ jK. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe gfjbK sK ;kvk nkgD/;fGnkuko s/ B/e g[ofynK dhnK dZ;hnK B/e edoK-ehwsK pko/ nkgDk jhfrnkB nX{ok-;X{ok j?. pZfunK d/ fJBQK pV/ jh f;ZX/ fij/ ;tkbK dk itkpd/D i'rh th ikDekoh ;kB{z nkgD/ ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko pko/ BjhA j?. w[Zy s"o#s/ ;kvh ni'eh ghVQh dk efjDk j? fe n;hA ekoN-J/i Gkt rZv/ d/ :[Zr s'An;hA eko-J/i :kfB wFhBh :[Zr ftu nk rJ/ jK. fJ; bJh eh n;hA T[BQKB{z tkg; rZv/ d/ :[Zr ftu fbikT[Dk ukj[zd/ jK< T[BQK dk ;kvh w"i{dk ghVQhB{z fJe'-fJe ;tkb fJj j? fe eh j[D T[j ;kfJz;, w?vheb s/ fJzihBhnfozre'o; eoB iK ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; gVQB<

fJ; soQK jh ;e{b iKd/ ;kv/ pZu/ w[ZY s'A jh g[ZSDk F[o{ eo fdzd/ jBfe id'A T[BQK d/ gkmeqw nzro/}h ftu jB sK gzikph gVQB dh eh b'V j?<go T[BQK d/ ;tkb dk T[Zso d/D s'A gfjbK ;kB{z ed/ th fJj fynkb BjhAnkT[Adk fe n;hA sK xoK ftu th fjzdh s/ nzro/}h dh @jwe'-N[we'# eod/jK. ;kB{z y[d BjhA gsk fe @o;{b jw}ks't# tork ftukotkB ;kB{z ;wMkfrnk j? fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgDh wkdoh }[pkB G[Zb iKdhnK jB, T[je"wK th wo w[Ze iKdhnK jB. ;' ;kB{z nkgD/ pZfunK ftu nkJ/ ;fGnes/ ;fGnkukoe ftrkV tZb fXnkB wkoB s'A gfjbK nkgk uhBD ti'AnkgDh ghVQh EZb/ ;'Nk wkoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu jh T[BQK dh nrbh ifrnk;k fJj j[zdh j? fe T[jikBD fe eh j[D phs/ ;w/A dhnK ;wkfie edoK-ehwsK ihtB-F?bh s/ihtB-iKu j[D d/ ;wkfie ihtB ftu e'Jh nfjwhns th oZydh j?< id'Afe fJ; dk f;ZXk-gZXok itkp fJj j? fe ;kv/ pZu/ izw-izw soZeh dhnKT[ZuhnK wzf}bK #s/ gj[zuD ns/ T[j ;z;ko gZXo #s/ dog/F gq;fEshnK dkw[ekpbk eoB. p/Fe T[j e"wh s/ rb'pb gZXo d/ fJwfsjkBK ftud[BhnK Bkb wfVeD, go nkgDh e"w, d/F, ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko dhikDekoh s/ ;t?wkD B{z nkgDh j'Ad dk fjZ;k pDkJh oZyD.

fJ; soQK ;kv/ pZfunK B{z fpbe[b e'Jh b'V BjhA j? fe T[j jZb tkj[Dd/ iK e;hdkekoh d/ g[okD/ s"o sohfenK B{z ngDkT[D. pZ; fJ; ;zdoG

148

ftu i/ e[M pdbD dh b'V j? sK T[j f;oc fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/B[esk-B}o s/ ;wkfie soihjK B{z pdbhJ/.

;r'A fJ; B}ohJ/ s'A i/ fe;/ uh} dh b'V j? sK T[j f;oc fJj j?fe ;kv/ jZbtkj g[ofynK d/ ihtB ftu i' ;po-;zs'y, f;Zde s/ fwjBs;h, T[; dk gZbk T[j j[D th Bk SZvD. fJ; soQK jh ;kvhnK XhnK-G?DKg[okDh e;hdkekoh dhnK c[bekohnK pkr eZYD tkbhnK ns/ y[d u[ZbQk-u"Aek eoB tkbhnK nkgDhnK wktK, dkdhnK s/ BkBhnK dh wwsk s/ xo-rqfj;Eh dh B/e f;Zfynk B{z ed/ Bk G[ZbD.

eh n;hA fJ; rZb s'A w[Beo j' ;ed/ jK fe ;kB{z y[d nkgD/ ;kfjss/ ;fGnkuko pko/ fJzBh th ikDekoh BjhA fe n;hA nkgD/ pZfunK B{zgzikp s/ gzikphns dh rZb ;wMk ;ehJ/< fco ;kB{z nkgfDnK g[ofynKd/ ihtB dhnK edoK-ehwsK dh th fJzBh ;'Mh BjhA fe n;hA nkgDhw"i{dk ghVQh B{z fJj ;wMk ;ehJ/ fe T[BQK B{z j[D rZv/ d/ :[Zr ftu ikD dhfpbe[b e'Jh b'V BjhA j?, ;r'A T[; ;w/A d/ b'eK ftu f;de-;po,fwjBs-w[FZes s/ nkg;h gq/w Gkt d/ i}p/ d/ XkoBh j'D dh b'V j?. gon;hA nkg y[d fJBQK B/e okjK s'A fJzBK d{o nk u[e/ jK fe j[D ;kvknkgDk feodko s/ ;kv/ o'}woQk dk eko-ftjko e[ZM j'o jh ntZbhnKnB?fse s/ xkse fGqFNkukoh ejkDhnK dk fposKs pDdk ik fojk j?.

;wki ftu fe;/ th w"i{dk ghVQh dk ;G s'A gfjbk co} fJj j[zdk j?fe T[j nkgD/ nshs dhnK FkBdko gqzgoktK s/ fotkfJsK B{z toswkBftu poeoko oZy/. fJ; d/ Bkb jh uZb ojh po;o/-fJedko ghVQh dkco} j[zdk j? fe T[j nkgD/ G{sekb dhnK G{s o{gh wkVhnK j'DhnK-nDj'DhnK s'A ;pe f;Zy/ s/ nZr/ nkgD/ pZfunK B{z nfijhnK rbshnK s/e[skjhnK s'A wfjc{} oZy/.

fJ; soQK j[D ;kvh uZb ojh ghVQh dk ;G s'A tZvk co} fJj j? fen;hA nkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK d/ uzr/ nkuoD dh skwho eohJ/. fco;kv/ wjkB r[o{nK, ghoK s/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dhnK e"w bJh ehshnKe[opkBhnK s'A nkgD/ pZfunK B{z ikD{z eotkJhJ/. fJ; soQK n;hA nkgDhnKgfjbhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK d/ dofwnkB fJe b'VhAd/ g[b tKr{z;kv/ nshs dhnK uzrhnK-edoK ehwsK B{z nZr/ nkgD/ pZfunK B{z ;kv/

149

p}[orK dh nwkBs ti'A pZfunK d/ ;[Bfjoh GftZy bJh nZr/ ;"AgDk eo;eKr/.

fe;/ th ;wki ftu ftuo oj/ pzd/ d/ ihtB ftu fszB fdFkfBod/Fe j[zd/ jB. pugB s'A wkg/ pfunK B{z iBw s'A gqtkB uVQkT[Ad/ jB,fco i[nkBh sZe gqtkB uVQkT[D tkb/ fBod/Fe nfXnkge j[zd/ jB. fconkb/-d[nkb/ dk ;wki s/ ;kv/ ;wki d/ nkr{nK s/ w'jspoK dk ps"o fdFkfBod/Fe nfjw o'b j[zdk j?. fBo;zd/j fJj fszB' tor nkgDh-nkgDhEK #s/ fe;/ th Bkrfoe dk ihtB s/ feodko pDkT[D ftu pj[snfjwhns oZyd/ jB.

go ni'e/ ;w/A ftu ;wki B{z fdFk d/D iK fdFkjhD eoB dk;oekoK dk pj[s tZvk o'b j?. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/;wki dh ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ e[ZM ;{os/ jkb fJ; soQK dh pDk bJh j? fe @jow;kb/ fggbkw{b# tkr{z ;kvh f}zdrh d/ jo gVQkn #s/ Gkt iZuk-pZuk;N/i s'A ;e{b sZe ns/ nZr/ f}zdrh d/ eko'pkoh fJwfsjkBK sZe b'eK B{z;oekoK dh w[Ekih nfs }o{oh j' rJh j?. w[esh rZb! fes/ Bk fes/ ;kv/fJBQK fszBK torK B/ pZfunK gqsh nkgD/ pDd/ co} B{z fBGkT[D ftu gqsZys"o #s/ e[skjh do e[skjh ehsh j?.

j[D sK ;fEsh fJj pD u[Zeh j? fe fiE/ ;kvh ;koh w"i{dk ghVQh d/p[ZY/-go"v fJeZm/ j' e/ fJj okr nbkg oj/ jK fe @nzwk d/y s/ok w[zvkfprVk ikJ/#l T[E/ jh ;kvh B"itkB ghVQh jZeh s"o #s/ fJj efj ojh j?fe @p/p/ d/y-p/p/ d/y nkgDk pkpk fprVk ikJ/#. fJ; ;ko/ gq;zr ftuw/oh nkgDh fBZih okJ/ fJj j? fe e'Jh FZe BjhA fe nZi s'A 20-30 ;kbgfjbK n;hA nZi d/ pkp/ ftrV/ ;h ns/ fJj ;fGnkukoe s/ ;wkfieftrkVK d/ g[nkV/ n;hA nkg jh gkJ/ j'J/ jB.

j[D ;'uD-;wMD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe ;kv/ ihtB ftu ;kv/g[ofynK dh f}zdrh tkbk ;po, ;zs'y s/ f;de ysw j' u[ek j?.j[D ;kvh bkb;k fJzBh tX rJh j? fe j}koK-eo'VK dh w[Bkc/y'oh s/ iwQky'oh s'A pknd th ;kvk fYZv BjhA Go fojk. ;kB{z ;t/o/-Fkw pZ; j'o pJh pZ; j'o wkfJnk dh oZN bZrh j'Jh j?. fJ;tk;s/ Gkt/A e'Jh wo/ s/ Gkt/A e'Jh iht/l go ;kBz{ fwbktNy'oh dh nkds

150

fJzBh g? rJh j? fe n;hA row w;kfbnK dh EK s/ y's/-x'V/ dh fbZd s/d[ZX-y'J/ dh EK :{ohnk ykd s/ y/j-;[nkj nkgD/ jh b'eK B{z y[nk oj/ jK.fJ; soQK n;hA nkgD/ jh G?D-GoktK dh f;js s/ f}zdrhnK Bkb fybtkVeo oj / jK. ;kB { z r [opkDh th ;wMk u [e h j ? fe fJjwkfJnk-w'jDh gkgK pkM'A fJemh BjhA j[zdh s/ woB ;w/A Bkb BjhA iKdh,go fco th n;hA ;koh T[wo wkfJnk wzrd/ jh ofjzd/ jK.

fJ; soQK jh BF/y'oh dh nkds seohpB ;ko/ ;wki B{z fizB-G{s pDe/ fuzpV rJh j?. fJe-fJe pzdk g{oh-g{oh Fokp dh p'sb B{z veko iKdkj? s/ fco p'sb ftu fJ; T[whd Bkb c{e wkodk j? fe eZbQ B{zc/o Fokp dh p'sb d/ doFB-dhdko/ j'Dr/. go pzdk fJj BjhA ;wM fojkfe T[j p'sb BjhA gh fojk, ;r'A Fokp dh p'sb pzd/ B{z gh ojh j?.

fJ; soQK fJ; ;ko/ ;zdoG ftZu ;gFN j? fe n;hA e"w d/ T[;oJhJ/j'D d/ Bks/ nkgD/ ;wki s/ yk; eoe/ nkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK d/d/Ddko s/ r[Bkjrko jK feT[Afe ;kB{z nkgD/ g[ofynK s'A i' nwkBs o{gh B/e edoK-ehwsK tkb/ ;fGnkuko dh ftok;s fwbh ;h, n;hA gfjbK T[; B{znkgD/ xoK ftu s/ fco nkgD/ ;e{bK okjhA nkgD/ pZfunK sZe BjhA gj[zuk;e/. fJ; bJh fJ; ;zdoG ftu tko'-tkoh fJj efjD dh b'V BjhA j? fen;hA fgSb/ 65 ;kb s'A n}kd jK s/ nkgD/ d/F s/ ;wki dh j'Dh d/y[dw[yfsnko T[;oJhJ/ jK, go ;kvhnK ni'ehnK ghVQhnK B/ nkgD/ ;wki s/pZfunK B{z @fdFk s/ dFk# d/D dk ;jh co} ndk BjhA ehsk.

fJ; bJh ;kvhnK ;wkfie, Xkofwe, ;kfjse iE/pzdhnK s/ ftfdnendkfonK B{z nkgD/-nkgD/ gZXo T[s/ uzrhnK edoK-ehwsK #s/ nXkfos;wki s/ e"w dh fBZro T[;koh eoB bJh tuBpZX j' e/ bkwpzdh eoBdh b'V j?. p/FZe fit/A fe T[go f}eo ehsk ik u[ek j? fe j[D ;wK nku[ek j? fe n;hA nkgDhnK u[DhnK j'JhnK ;kvhnK nkgDhnK jh ;oekoKs/ T[BQK d/ B[wkfJzfdnK B{z wip{o eohJ/ fe T[j nkgD/ u'D wB'oE gZsoKns/ nkgDh gkoNh d/ ezwK d[nkok fGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh s/ BF/ ofjs;wki dh ;zouBk eoB. fJ; soQK jh fco fJj f;nk;h gkoNhnK;kvhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK tk;s/ uzrh B/e ;fGnkukoe sophns s/f;ybkJh d/ gqpzX Fkwb eoe/ o'Nh-o'}h d/ ;kXB w[jZJhnk eoB dk

151

tksktoD g?dk eoB.

;kB{z fJE/ ;kvh fJe wB[Zyh fcsos d/ tosko/ dk th fXnkB oZyDkukjhdk j? fe n;hA ;ko/ jh iwKdo{ s"o #s/ r[bkw }fjBhns s/ ;[nkoEhfeodko d/ fFeko jK. n;hA e"wh GktBk s/ go-;[nkoE dh EK #s/ nkgD/fBZih ;[nkoEK nXhB ;wki ;/tk dh EK #s/ nkgDh i/p ;/tk B{z jh f}zdrhdk gfjbk s/ nzfsw wzst pDk fbnk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu 43 Jh;th g{ot d/ eohp o'wB eth @Uftv# B/oki;h b'eK dh fJ; iBwiks nkds pko/ fbfynk ;h @@w?A p/FZeuzfrnkJh ikDdk jK, go p[okJh eodk jK##. Uftv nZr/ efjzdkj? fe ;kv/ okiBhfse b'e ikDd/ sK jB fe T[BQK B{z ;wki ;/tk bJhn;b ftu eh eoBk ukjhdk j?. go T[BQK B/ ne;o nkgD/ ;[nkoEg{osh dk T[Zb{ f;ZXk eoB bJh e[ZM wkVk eoB s/ soB B{z soih fdZshj?. fit/A fe ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe d/F ftu rohph s/ nBgVQsk Bk j't/go jkohA-;kohA ;kv/ nkr{nK B/ rohph s/ nBgVQsk B{z iVQ'A g[ZND d/dwrfinK d/ pkti{d th fJBQK ;wkfie e'VQK dh iVQ joh oZyh j'Jh j?.

fJ; dk ekoB ;gFN j? fe i/ rohph j'J/rh sKjhT[A sK b'eK B{z ;kv/nkr{nK s/ XBkYK dh w[Ekih j't/rh. fJT[A jh i/ ;wki ftu nBgVQsk j't/rh sK jh f;nk;h b'eK dh ftdtsk dh @nZeK ftu'A nfozv gqXkB# d/ nykDw[skfpe edo gt/rh. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kv/ u"XohnK dk fJj th we;dfojk j? fe B"itkB p/FZe gVQ th ikD, go T[j o'Nh-o'}h wzrD dh ro}Bkb T[BQK d/ nZr/-fgZS/ dkB-gkso b? e/ s[o/ fcoB. fJ; soQK ;kv/;kjwD/ jh j? fe p/o[}rkoh s/ fGqFNkuko dk sVckfJnk j'fJnk fJetZvk B"itkB tor ;oekoK d/ w{zj tZb B{z d/y fojk j? s/ iK ftd/FK B{ztjhoK xZs fojk j?. ;' nfij/ ;{os/ jkb ftu @;odko nzi[w# dh fJjrZb :kd nkT[Adh j? fe @pV/-pV'A B/ fJsB/ S'N/ ekw ehJ/, tes jwko/jkb g/ np Fofwzdk j?#.

;gFN s"o #s/ fJj jh ekoB j? fe ;kvh ni'eh B"itkB ghVQh p/}kos/ p/u?B fijh j' e/ iK sK BfFnK gZfsnK tZb B{z s[o gJh j? ns/ iK o'Nh-o'}h d/ ;kXB bZGD bJh ftd/FK B{z GZih ik ojh j?. fJ; ;pzX ftu pj[sd/o s'A ;kv/ B"itkB ;kE'A s[oeh-p-s[oeh Gkt w'Vt/A s/ ekNt/A ;[nkb g[ZS

152

oj/ jB s/ fusktBh th d/ oj/ jB feL-

d[BhnK B/ jw e' dhnk e:k, d[BhnK ;/ jw B/ bhnk e:kjw ;G eh gotkj eo/A e:{z, ;G B/ jwkok ehnk e:k

y?o! }kfjo j? fe nZi d/ B"itkB ;kv/ ;w/A dh itkBh Bkb'A ikro{es/ jk}o itkp jB, T[j p/FZe fe;/ dk T[Xko Xfonk-XokfJnk BjhAofjD fdzd/. ;r'A ;kvhnK rbs edoK-ehwsK #s/ rZbpks ftu eNkeFeoB s'A T[j ed/ th BjhA T[ed/. go T[BQK d/ o'Nh-o'}h ;pzXhfrb/-fFeftnK #s/ fJe j?okBh th j[zdh j? fe fijV/ B"itkB d/F ftuvZek th BjhA s'Vd/ s/ w}d{oh eoB B{z xNhnk ;wMd/ jB, T[j ftd/FKftu ik e/ o'Nh-o'}h bJh jo soQK d/ S'N/-tZv/ ezw eod/ jB. T[j ftd/F ik e/ nB[Fk;B s/ fB:wpZXsk d/ XkoBh th pD iKd/ jB ns/ T[E'A d/fB}kw dh skoh\ eod/ j'J/ efjzd/ jB fe ;kv/ d/F s/ T[BQK d/FK ftu}whB-n;wkB dk coe j?.

j'o sK j'o fijV/ ;ZiD fJE'A ;?bkBhnK d/ s"o #s/ pkjo iKd/ jB,T[j th T[BQK d/FK B{z ;tor j?, ;tor j? efjzd/ w[Vd/ jB. w?A ne;o jhnfij/ b'eK B{z g[ZSdk jK fe i/ s{z ;[orK ftu tk;k eoe/ ;tortk;h pDjh frnk ;h sK fJE/ ;kv/ e'b wks b'e ftu tkg; eh b?D nkfJnk j?.w/oh fJ; fNZgDh dk wsbp f;oc fJzBK jh j[zdk j? fe @nkgD/ tsB s/nkgDh fwZNh Bkb'A tZvk ;tor j'o fes/ BjhA j' ;edk#.

fJ; soQK jh n;hA ftfdnk d/ ;zdoG ftu frnkB-ftfrnkB d/ gZy'Ath c'eh czB/ykJh s/ fdykt/ d/ fFeko jK. fJ; bJh ;kv/ tZb'AtZvhnK-tZvhnK fvrohnK dh gqkgsh dk ftyktk ns/ yk; s"o #s/ nzro/}h s/ T[j th @r[bkph nzro/}h# dk f;oc ftykt/ ti'A p/wsbp fijk gq:'r;kv/ wkBf;e gZXo dk seohpB-seohpB ib{; fBebD tkbh rb jhj?. n;hA sK nkbw \kf}b s/ ftdtkB ikgD bJh yho B{z s;wZJh s/ eVQhB{z nzfwqsh efjD d/ F"ehB jK, Gkt/A nrb/ B{z rZb ;wM nkt/ iK Bk<

fJ; gZy'A ;kvh ftfdnk gqDkbh ftu ;kE'A fJe j'o Gkoh rbsh fJjj'Jh j? fe d[BhnK dh fJe pj[s jh ;zy/g s/ ;zt/dBk Gog{o bfji/ tkbhT[od{ }[pkB B{z n;hA pkovo Ngk e/ sVh gko eo fdZsk j?. fJ; dk ;Gs'A tZvk B[e;kB fJj j'fJnk j? fe ;kvh p'bpkDh ftu ;'ji s/ ;bhe/ dh

153

rZb jh BjhA ofj rJh. ]?o! fJ; ;G ek;/ pko/ sK j[D fJj ikgdk j?fe id'A wZM jh wo rJh j? sK wZM dhnK i{znK dk fceo th p/noE j?.

fJj th ;kvh e"w dk fJe ;wkfie yk;k j? fe uko e[ nZyo gVQe/ n;hA fJT[A ftfdnk s/ frnkB d/ n}ko/dko pD p?md/ jK fe fit/A fJeu{j/ B{z jbdh dh rzYh bZG rJh s/ T[j gz;koh pD p?mk ;h. wsbp fJjj? fe j[D d/ ;w/A ;kvh f;Zfynk gqDkbh fJe gk;/ nfsnzs wfjzrh j' rJhj? s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;kv/ ftfdnkoEh fvrohnK b? e/ f;oc B"eohnK tk;s/ jhfsnko ehs/ iKd/ jB s/ fJ; soQK T[j p/o[}rkoh tZb B{z s'o/-s[o/ iKd/jB. ;r'A ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe ;kv/ ;e{b, ekbi s/ :{Bhtof;NhnK;kvh B"itkB ghVQh B{z feZsk-w[yh frnkB s/ f;ybkJh d/ e/ f}zdrh ftuo'Nh-o'}h d/ fJwfsjkBK bJh fsnko eoB ftu ;jkJh j'D.

p/FZe fe;/ th ;wki ftu e[M nfijhnK nNbkXhnK ;ZukJhnKj[zdhnK jB, T[j nkfd ;Zu, i[rkfd ;Zu jh j[zdhnK jB. fJ; bJhT[go'es gq;zr ftu ;kvh nkgDh tv/oh ghVQh pko/ s/ yk; s"o #s/ ;kv/bhvoK pko/ p/FZe e[Zb fwbk e/ ;kvh jkbs ;kB{z u/szB eodh j? fe n;hA;'uhJ/ fe @ekfcb/ r[}o/A tjK ;/ feT{ eo ;bkws tkJh}, j' ijKokj}B n"o ofjB[wk J/e jh Fy;#. fBo;zd/j ;kB{z fJ; ;ZukJh dkth gsk j? fe i/ fes/ ezvk u[ZG ikt/ sK g?oK d/ Bj[znK s'A ezvk eZYD dhT[whd BjhA eoBh ukjhdh. fJ; gq;zr ftu fe;/ FkfJo B/ fezBK Y[ZetKfejk j? feL-

eohp'A ;/ Bk oZy T[whd pfjp{dh eh n? fdbfe fBekbk j? eGh gkUA ;/ eKNk Bky[B/ gkn B/ Gh

;kv/ nkgD/ jh b'eK, ;oekoK s/ ;kv/ ndkfonK dh GZdoekoh d/y e/jh fe;/ ftdtkB B/ fejk j? fe @f:j neb e/ ;fjw/ j{J/ fpwkondko/, fenk ukok-J/-Bk;k}h-J/-jkbks eo/Ar/#. p/FZe fJj ;Ge[ZM mhe j?, go j[D ;wK fJj th nk frnk j? fe n;hA nkgD/ e"wh,oki;h, Xkofwe, ;wkfie nkr{nK B{z ;w/A dh wzr w[skfpe j[D fJjg[ZShJ/ fe @s{ fJXo T[Xo eh Bk pks eo :/ psk fe ekfcbkfeT{A b[Nk, w[M/ okj}B'A ;/ ro} BjhA s/oh ofjpoh ek ;[nkbj?#.

154

fJ; d/ Bkb jh nZi fJj th ;wK nk u[Zek j? fe n;hA nkgD/ ekbiKs/ :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ofjB[wk ftdtkBK s/ ;kfjsekoK B{z jb{D-jb{D e/gZ[ShJ/ fe T[j ftfdnkoEhnK dh :'r ofjB[wkJh bJh w[ZdsK g[okD/ftfdne YKu/ s/ fJ; d/ e'o;K s/ gkmeqwK B{z nZi d/ ;w/A dh gq;zrsknB[;ko feT[A BjhA eo oj/< n;hA yk; s"o #s/ n}kdh s'A pknd x'V/ B{zNKr/ nZr/ bkT[D dh pikJ/ x'V/ B{z NKr/ fgZS/ pzBQ oZfynk j?. fJ; bJh j[Dra?o-w[beh ;fGnsk dhnK ra?o-}o{oh o;wK s/ soihjK B{z nkgD/ ;wkidhnK tXhnk gqzgoktK s/ wfonkdk d/ gq;zr ftu d/yD dh b'V j?. fJ;bJh }o{oh j? fe gfjbK n;hA nkg jh ;fGnkukoe ftok;s dhikDekoh jkf;b eohJ/ s/ y[d fJ; d/ XkoBh pDhJ/. i/ ;kB{z nkg B{z jhnkgD/ wksk-fgsk dh edo eoB dh iKu BjhA nkJh sK fco n;hA nkgD/pZfunK s'A fejV/ tV/t/A Gkbd/ jK< fJ; gq;zr ftu FkfJo @nepofJbkjkpkdh# B/ fezBk Y[etK fejk j? feL-

feT{A eo ][dk e/ noF e/ ekfJb j'A :/ n}h}i[raok\hJ/ w/A noF ek BeFk jh BjhA fwbk

fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ B"itkB pZfunK dh ;jh nrtkJh eoB bJh ;kB{znkgDhnK ;wkfie, Xkofwe s/ nkofEe soihjK dk fco s'A w[bKeDeoe/ nkgD/ ;wki dk i[rokchnk s/ fj;kp-feskp mhe eoB dh b'Vj?. wzfBnk fe fJj w;bk pVh N/Yh yho j?. p/FZe fJ; gqEkfJ fe;/f;nkD/ FkfJo B/ fejk j? fe @pj[s w[Ffeb j? d[BhnK ek ;ztoBk,:/ s/oh }[bc ek g/u']w BjhA# jK fJj sK mhe j? fe fJj e'Jh fe;/j[;hBk dh }[bc BjhA j?, i' n;kBh Bkb ;ztkoh ik ;edh j?. fJ; bJh;wki B{z ;ztkoBk p/Fe w[Ffeb j?, go fJj n;zGt th BjhA j?. ;r'Ad[BhnK d/ ftdtkB wzBd/ jB fe @j}ko whb dh :ksok dh F[o{nks fJeedw Bkb jh j[zdh j?.# fe;/ ftdtkB B/ fJ; gqEkfJ fejk j? fe @fJj}o{oh BjhA fe wzf}b fwb ikJ/, ;r'A bzfwnK okjK d/ okjh j'Dk th e'JhS'Nh rZb BjhA j[zdh.# fJ; ftuko B{z FkfJo w[jzwd fJepkb B/ pV/ ;'jD/bc}K ftu fJ; soQK fejk j? feL-

wz}b fwb/, fwb/, B fwb/, w[M/ fJ; ek raw BjhAwz}b eh i[;si{ w/A, w/ok ekotK s' j?.

155

fJ; bJh ;kB{z jw/FK g[o-T[whd ofjDk ukjhdk j? fe n;hA fe;/uzrh shoE :ksok tKr{z ;wki d/ ;fGnkukoe ;co dh F[o{nks sK ehshj?. eh fJj th ekch BjhA feL-

wkBk jw fJ; ijkB e' r[bFB Bk eo ;e/ub' e[S yko ew jh eo rJ/ r[}o/ fiXo ;/ jw

fJ; s'A th nZr/ fe;/ ftdtkB B/ b'ekJh B{z B/e okjK T[s/ s'oB bJhfezBk ;'jDk sohek dZf;nk j?L-

BeF-J/-gkJ/-o\sk ;/ nk ojh j? :/ ;dkd' edw w/A okj s?n j? F"e-J/-wzf}b ukjhJ/

fco fJ; s'A th nfjw ;tkb fJj j? fe id'A e'Jh f;ZyD dh T[woj[zdh j? sK T[; ;w/A n;hA nkgD/ pZfunK B{z n?bhw?ANoh n?i{e/FB d/ gZXo#s/ jh T[BQK d/ f;b/p;K ftu nkgD/ d/F s/ e"w d/ wjkB ;g{sK s/;kfjsekoK pko/ ikDekoh Fkwb feT[A BjhA eo oj/< i/ n;hA fJ; gZy'AgzithA iwks s'A b? e/ ;'bQthA iwks sZe nkgD/ f;b/p;K #s/ B}o wkohJ/sK ;kc B}o nkT[Adk j? fe ;kv/ r?o-w[beh jkewK dh wBFk-w[pkfoew[skfpe n;hA j[D th nzro/} fJfsjk; s/ ;kfjs dhnK ;yFhnsK B{znkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK ns/ nkgD/ fJfsjk; s/ ;kfjs d/ tv/fonK s'A fes/tZX soihj s/ wkBsk d/ oj/ jK.

fBo;zd/j fJ; gqEkfJ ;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; B{z j[D ;kB{z nkgDhn}kd e"w d/ gq;zr ftu g[Bo-;[oihs eoB dh b'V j?. nfijk b'VhAdkT[dw-T[gokbk nZi sZe fe;/ th ;oeko B/ BjhA ehsk fe fi; ;dek;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K s/ f;b/p;K ftu ;kvk nkgDk fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/;fGnkuko okFNoh gq/w GktBk dh ozrDk ;w/s gVQkfJnk iKdk j't/.

fJ; bJh i/ n;hA T[jh e[jkVh s/ Ujh pKjK Gkt d;sk d/ nykDnB[;ko e[M th BjhA pdbDk sK nkgDk oZp okyk. go fco u[Zg eoe/xZN'-xZN fJj th sK wzB bJhJ/ fe ;kv/ pZu/ BjhA ;r'A n;hA y[d ftrV/j'J/ jK. fi; bJh p/FZe w?ekb/ tor/ nzro/}K B/ sK ;kB{z e[MfrD/-u[fDnK B{z jh ftfdnk s/ frnkB d/D d/ pjkB/ ftd/Fh ;fGnkuko dhikr bkJh ;h. go j[D n;hA beho d/ ceho pDe/ nkgD/ g?o nkg jhe[jkVh wko oj/ jK. fJ; bJh fejk ik ;edk j? fe w?ekb/ B/ sK ;kvk

156

xo gZfNnk, go n;hA sK gZNsk fgzv ;kok. fco j[D ;kvh nkgDh jh ;j/Vh w[;hps fJj j? fe n;hA ;ko/ jh Gkostk;h j[D nkgDh wK-p'bh dhEK wso/Jh-wK torh nzro/}h GkFk d/ g[Zs-XhnK pDB ftu nkgDk \]o;wMd/ jK. fco f;sw-do-f;sw e"w dh f;sw}oh\h fJj j? fe n;hAnkgD/ nkg Bz{ @w?ekb/} fubvoB# Gkt w?ekb/ d/ pZu/ ejkT[D ftu wkDwfj;{; eod/ jK.

fJ; ftu Fe Bjh j? fe bkov w?ekb/ B{z Gkos ftu ftfdne gqDkbhd/ ;[XkoK dk iBwdksk wzfBnk iKdk j?. T[; ;w/A ;kv/ ftok;sh ;fGnkukodh Xo'jo ;z;feqs GkFk s/ \ko;h GkFk j[zdh ;h. fJBQK d'B'A GkFktK #s/nXkfos i' gqufbs ftfdne gqDkbh ;h, T[; pko/ w?ekb/ dh ;'u s/ Bhns-Bhsh pVh wko{ ;h. fJj sZE T[; dh rtoBo iBob bkov ftbhnw p?AfNzeB{z fdZsh 2 cotoh 1835 B{z fog'oN s'A ;gFN j' iKd/ jB.

w?ekb/ B/ fejk ;h fe nfijk w[be fiE/ b'eK dhnK ;wkfieedoK-ehwsK fJzBhnK uzrhnK j'D s/ T[BQK dk wkBf;e gZXo fJzzBk T[Zukj't/. T[E/ nfij/ d/F B{z n;hA ed/ th ;jh noEK ftu T[d'A sZe BjhA fiZs;eKr/, id'A sZe fe fJ; e"w dh ohVQ dh jZvh Gkt fJBQK dh B?fse s/;fGnkukoe ftok;s B{z n;hA fJBQK b'eK B{z BjhA G[bk fdzd/. fJ; tk;s/w?ekb/ B/ sith} g/F ehsh fe n;hA GkoshnK B{z T[BQK dh g[oksBftfdne gqDkbh s/ ;fGnkuko B{z nzro/}h ;fGnsk Bkb fJzBk pdbd/JhJ/ fe fJj b'e ;wMD bZr g?D fe i' e[ZM th ftd/Fh j? s/ i' e[ZM thnzro/}h ;kfjs ftu j?, T[j jh fJBQK bJh tvw[Zbk j?. fJ; Bkb fJjb'e nkgDh ;t?wkDsk s/ nkgDk ;fGnkuko r[nk p?mDr/. fco fJ; soQKfjzd';skBh ;kv/ ;kwoki dk fjZ;k pD ikDr/ s/ ;jh noEK ftu ;kv/^[bkw j' ikDr/.

w?ekb/ dh T[; d/ d/F-e"w d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; gqsh tckdkohGog{o GftZypkDh nZyo-nZyo mhe ;kfps j' ojh j?l go fBo;zd/j fJ;Bkb ;kvh ;t?wkDsk dh GktBk dk iBk}k fBeb fojk j?. n\;'; BkbefjDk g?Adk j? fe nZi n;hA w?ekb/ dh pdBhsh nkgDh Bhsh ti'A jhngDk bJh j?. go ftukoB tkbh rZb fJj j? fe fJj w"i{dk ;w/A ftu;kvh n}kd j'Ad-j;sh s/ e"whns d/ B}ohJ/ s'A ;kv/ bJh e"wh gZXo #s/

157

xkse f;ZX j' ojh j?. fJ; bJh }o{os j? fe n;hA j[D gZSwh ;fGnskdk y[d nZy-fsD pD e/ fJ; s{ckB d/ tk-to'fbnK B{z mZbQhJ/. nZi ;kvhftfdne gqDkbh jh BjhA, ;r'A ;kvh ;w[Zuh j'Ad #s/ th nzro/}h dh gqsZyw'jo-Skg B}o nk ojh j?.

;kB{z fdZsh rJh ftfdne gqDkbh nB[;ko fJwfsjkBK ftu tXhnk;EkB gqkgs eoB bJh ftfdnkoEhnK tb'A ftd/Fh ikpo Fk;eK s/;kfjsekoK d/ ;'jb/ rkJ/ iKd/ jB. p/FZe n;hA nkgD/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK dhw{zj }pkBh skohc sK eod/ jK, go gkm-gmD s/ oND nkfd ra?o w[beh;bsBsK dk jh eod/ jK. fJj ;koh rZb-eEk dk ;ko-nzzF pe"b gqf;ZX@FkfJo skfoe# fJj j? fe L

:/j FT{o Gh FkfJd ShB b/rh d[BhnKfe; e' :kd oZyBk j?, fe; e' G{b ikBk j?

nc;'; j? fe fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kv/ bJh g'o; dh pikJ/ f;ezdo wjkBj?. okDk ;zrokw f;zx T[oc okDk ;Krk dh EK #s/ pkpo wjkB j?. wjkokDkgqskg s/ fFtk ih wojZNk nkg' nkgD/ fyZfsnK ftu T[d'A dhnK ;bsBsK d/pkrh s/ ftdo'jh jh pDk fdZs/ rJ/ jB. pkeh rZb sK SZv', T[; ;w/A d/ }[bws/ ipo d/ fto[ZX NZeo b?D tkb/ wjkB r[o{nK ns/ T[BQK d/ fJfsjk;e d"od/ e[opkBh Go/ sZE nZi sZe th nDr"b/ jh oj/ jB. n;hA n}kdh s'A pkndj[D sZe th nkgD/ e"wh FjhdK s/ n}kdh ;zrokwhnK B{z nkgD/ fJfsjk; s/;kfjs ftu T[BQK dk pDdk ;EkB BjhA d/ ;e/.

yk; eoe/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu i/ n;hA ;'uhJ/ fe eh ;zB 1789 dhcoK; dh eqKsh s'A mhe 90 ;kb gfjbK r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tZb'A ;zB1699 ftu ykb;k f;oiDk d[nkok fbpoNh Gkt wB[Zyh n}kdh, fJe[n?fbNhGkt wB[Zyh pokpoh s/ co?NoBNh noEks wB[Zyh GkJhuko/ tor/ b'eszsohf;XKs BjhA fdZs/ ;B< ;r'A iZr }kfjo j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/sK coK; dh eqKsh s'A th fes/ gfjbK ns/ fes/ tZvh d/D ]kb;k f;oiDkd/ o{g ti'A wkBtsk B{z fdZsh ;h. fJ; s'A fJbktk fJ; e"wh f;oiDk dhfJ; nb"fee ;"rks ftu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t s/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB tb'A fdZskfrnk }ks-gks ofjs ;wki dk ;zebg nwbh s"o #s/ fdqVQkfJnk frnk;h i' fe coK; dh eqKsh d/ f;XKsK ftu th Fkwb BjhA ;h.

158

c/o i/ j[D ;kv/ Gkos s/ yk; eoe/ gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu ]kb;kf;oiDk dh EK coK; dh eqKsh B{z nkX[fBe ;w/A ftu b'eszsoh f;XKsKB{z BFo eoB dk f;jok fwb fojk j? sK fpbk-FZe ;kv/ wkD-;t?wkDs/ wfonkdk B{z fJe tZvh u'G bZrDh }o{oh j?.

fJ; soQK jh ykb;k f;oiDk ;w/A b'eszsoh f;XKs nB[;ko gzukfJshgqEk dh nfjwhns B{z nkg/ r[o-u/bk d/ f;XKs Bkb T[ikro ehsk frnk;h. uwe"o dh rVQh ykb;k gzukfJs d/ fJ; 22 d;zpo 1705 dh oksB{z ehs/ rJ/ gfjb/ r[ows/ dh rtkjh nZi th d/ ojh j?. go ;kv/ ;t?wkDs/ y[ddkoh B{z gsk BjhA T[d'A feT[A BjhA ;ZN tZidh fe id'A nZi th n;hAgfjb/ b'eszsoh o?i"fbT{FB ti'A gqkJhw wfB;No ftbhnw fgZN dh :zrod/ ;w/A ftu fpqfNF gkobhw?AN ftu gk; j'J/ ;zB 1806 d/ ws/ B{z nkgD/ftfdne e'o;K ftu gVQk oj/ jK<

;kv/ bJh Fow dh rZb j? fe n;hA d[BhnK B{z fJj BjhA dZ; ;e/ feo?Zv eok; d/ pkBh ti'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s/ GkJh xBZQJhnk ih B/;zB 1701 dh nBzdg[o ;kfjp dh bVkJh ftu }ywhnK dh wbQZw gZNh s/gkDh-XkDh dh ;/tk F[o{ ehsh ;h. go n;hA nkg ;kv/ phH J/H s/ n?ZwHJ/H d/ fJwfsjkB fJj fby e/ gk; ehs/ jB fe eohwhnK dh izr-;w/A o?Zv eok; d/ pkBh j?Boh fvT{Bk s/ cb'o?A; BkJhNfJzr/b pD/. nc;';tkbh rZb fJj j? fe j[D 21thA ;dh ftu nk e/ th ;kvh nfrnkBskysw BjhA j' ojh ns/ j[D th ;kv/ g[Zs-g'so/ nkgD/ fJwfsjkBK ftu g[ZS/rJ/ ;tkb d/ itkp ftu o?Zv eok; d/ pkBh nzro/}K B{z jh wzB oj/ jB.

p/Fe coK; d/ @bh e"pofsB# B/ :{BkB dhnK gqkuhB y/vK B{z ;zB 1896ftu wkvoB Ubzfge; d/ s"o #s/ g[Bo-;[oihs ehsk ;h. go nBzdg[o;kfjp d/ j'b/-w[jZb/ d/ o{g ftu ;zB 1696 B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/;w/A fijV/ x'b-dzrb, x'V-d"VK, sbtko-rZse/pk}h s/ sho-nzdk}h dhF[o{nks ehsh ;hl T[; dk f}eo-ft;Eko d[BhnK d/ fJfsjk; ftu sK ehj'Dk ;hl fJj Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu th doi BjhA j? s/ Bk jh gzikp d/fJfsjk; ftu fJj doi j?. fco ;kv/ bJh fJj v[Zp woB dh rZb j? fegzikp d/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu th fJ; dk f}eo wkso th BjhA j?. FkfJdfJ; bJh fe ;kvk nzro/}h tZb'A jZE szr j'D eoe/ n;hA d[BhnK B{z nzro/}hGkFk ftu fJj BjhA ;wMk ;e/ fe j'b/-w[jZb/ d/ fJBQK x'bK s/ dzrbK B{z nzro/

159

}h ftu o?;fbzr, x'V d"VK B{z @Jhe[J/;NqhnB#, sbtko s/ @rZse/pk}h# B{z@c?Bf;zr# s/ sho-nzdk}h B{z @nkouoh# efjzd/ jB.

go fJj rZb f;oc fJzBh e[ jh BjhA j?l ;r'A fJ; rZb fgZS/ pV/G/d S[g/ j'J/ jB. eh tkfenk jh fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kvknzro/}h GkFk d/ frnkB gZy'A jZE szr j?< go fJj wzBD tkbh rZb BjhAbrdh feT[Afe nzro/}h GkFk sK ;kvh wso/Jh GkFk j'D d/ pkti{d th;kvh wK-p'bh gzikph #s/ j[D g{oB s"o #s/ jkth j' u[eh j?. fco nkgDhnwho ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ FkBkwZs/ ;fGnkuko ;pzXh ;kv/ tb'A d[BhnKB{z ikD{z Bk eotkT[D dk j'o eh ekoB j' ;edk j?<

fJe fdB gqf;ZX eEk tkue ;zs f;zx w;ehB ih efj oj/ ;B fenZi ;kv/ ;e{bK, ekbiK s/ :{Bhtof;NhnK ftu jh wkBf;e o'rf}nkdkso g?dk j' oj/ jB. fJBQK ftfdnkfbnk-wjKftfdnkfbnK ftu'Aid'A ftfdnkoEh fBebd/ jB sK T[j pj[s jh }jhB Gkt s/} p[ZXh tkb/j[zd/ jB. id'A T[BQK B{z ftfdnkoEh ihtB s'A pknd ;wkfie s/ nkofEed[FtkohnK dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j? sK T[j ;dkukoe s/ ;wkfief;Zfynk s'A ofjs j'D eoe/ gq/FkB j' iKd/ jB. id'A T[BQK B{z nkgDh j'oojh p/edoh s/ p/o[}rkoh dh n;tEk dk e'Jh jZb BjhA fwbdk sK T[jfBokF s/ gq/FkB j' iKd/ jB ns/ fJE'A sZe fe nkswxksh nbkwsK d/fFeko j' e/ nkg th d[yh j[zd/ jB s/ nkgD/ xo-gfotko s/ nkb/-d[nkb/d/ ;wki B{z szr eod/ jB.

fJ; dk jZb fJj j? fe ;kv/ ;e{bK, ekbiK s/ :{Bhtof;NhnK sZew"ob ;kfJz; Gkt ;dkukoe f;Zfynk B{z f;b/p;K ftu Fkwb ehsk ikt/sK fe T[j p[fBnkdh s"o #s/ jh d/F d/ uzr/ Bkrfoe pD ;eD. n;hA fJ;gZy B{z yk; s"o #s/ ;oekoh gZXo #s/ ikD/ nDikD/ p/jZd nDr"fbnk ehskj'fJnk j?, fi; eoe/ ;kvhnK ;wZf;nktK ftu p/jZd fJ}kck Gkt tkXkj'fJnk j?. ;kB{z j[D dhnK w"i{dk ghVQhnK B{z fJj ed/ BjhA G[ZbDk ukjhdkfe pkpo, n"ozri/p s/ ebkJht i' ;kB{z gVQkJ/-oNkJ/ rJ/ ;B, T[j jh;kB{z j[D sZe :kd jB. j[D th ;kv/ pZu/ fJBQK ^?o-w[beh j[ewokBK d/jh r[D rk oj/ jB feT[Afe T[BQK d/ e?ohno pDkT[D tkb/ fJwfsjkBK ftu;kv/ nkgD/ wjKg[oyK s/ ;zxo;h :'fXnK dh EK fJBQK dh g[ZS-gVskb s/

160

p'bpkbk j?.

fizBh d/o n;hA nkgDk fJe'-fJe fwFB s/ Nhuk fJj BjhA pDkT[Ad/fe B?fse s/ ;dkuko edoK-ehwsK pko/ f;ZX/ s"o #s/ nkgDhnK nkT[DtkbhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK B{z ikDekoh d/D bJh w[ykfsp j'JhJ/ s/ T[BQK B{zw[Y s'A jh f;Zfynk d/JhJ/. UBh d/o d/F-gq/w s/ e"wh GktBk torhnKf;csK ;kv/ e"wh nkuoD ftu BjhA nk ;eDrhnK. fJ; dk n;hA gfjbKjh yfwnk}k G[rs oj/ jK ns/ oZp ]?o eo/ fe fJ; gZy'A gsk BjhA d/Fs/ e"w B{z j'o fezBK B[e;kB G[rsDk gt/.

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161

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162

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163

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164

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165

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166

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167

ns/ ;oeko s/ gqFk;B @uZb j'T{# tkbh x/;b wkoe/ nkBzd-wzrb p?m/ j[zd/jB. nZi-eZbQ Fokp d/ m/e/ ;oekoK dh gqtkBrh Bkb mzv/ ib dhnKSphbK tKr y[b/ j'J/ jB. ;oekoK s/ nc;oK B{z uVQkJ/ rJ/ uzfdnK d/ekoB BfFnK d/ fJj m/e/dko s/ ;"dkro j[D ;oekoh fB:w-ekB{zBK B{zg?ZrK ftu x'b e/ ghn-fgnk oj/ jB. e'Jh BtK ;oekoh j[ew nkT[D#s/ ghD-fgnkT[D tkfbnK Bz{ e[M e[ ;w/A bJh wkVh-w'Nh fuzsk j[zdh j?fit/A fe fe;/ FkfJo B/ fejk j? fe

w?:ykB/ eh p[fBnkd w/A nk:k j? s}Zi[bp?m/ j?A fJ;h fceo w/A ghokB/ ]okpks

p; fJ; soQK E'VQh-pj[s fjb-i[b s'A pknd FokphnK dk ;kokuhAxV-p'N nwB-nwkB Bkb ;'w-o; dk ;/tB eoB ftu w;s j' iKdkj?. w?B{z :kd j? fe ]kb;k f;oiDk dh sq?-Fskpdh wBkT[Ad/ j'J/, w?A f}bQA/ftu 7 fdB bJh Fokppzdh dk j[ew eo p?mk. ;oeko d/ nkpekohftGkr B/ fJ; j[ew d/ Bkb wfjew/ B{z j'D tkb/ wkbh B[e;kB dh fJzBhjkb d[jkJh gkJh fe w/o/ j[ew d/ pyhJ/ jh T[X/V fdZs/. j'o sK j'o f}bQ/d/ f;nk;h nkr{nK tb'A th nkgD/ t'NoK dh ykfjF B{z w[Zy oZy e/ nkpekohwfjew/ dh g[Fs-gBkjh @;{J/ wZM s/ }'o bkt/ eZNk# d/ nykD w[skfpe}'o-F'o Bkb ehsh rJh.

]?o! nyho ;oeko dh jh dybnzdk}h d/ ekoB w?B{z nkgDk f}bQ/ftu BF/pzdh dk j[ew 7 fdB s'A xNk e/ 3 fdBK tk;s/ eoBk fgnk. gor[o{ feogk ;dek fJBQK fszB fdBK d/ E'V/ ;w/A bJh BF/pzdh d/ j[ewK dhf}bQk o'gV ftu T[bzxDk eoB tkfbnK B{z n?;k vzvk fcfonk fe w?A;wMdk jK fe nZi th i/ fes/ w?A T[BQK d/ fJeZbk-fJefjok nfVZe/ uVQiktK sK e'Jh tZvh rZb BjhA fe T[j w/oh G[rs jh ;ztko d/D.

y?o! ed/ gzikp gzi dfonktK dh y[Fjkbh eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk ;h.nZi gzikp ftu BfFnK-gZfsnK dk S/tK dfonk mkmK wko fojk j?. fJ;n?Fgq;sh, c?FBgq;sh s/ c'eh-czB/ykJh nwhoh d/ oh;'-oh; ftykt/ B/seohpB ;ko/ ;wki B{z s/ yk; s"o #s/ feo;kD Bz{ j}koK eo'V o[gJ/ d/eo}/ j/m dZp fdZsk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fJj BjhA fe gzikph ;wki ftuBfFnK dh bkjBs e'Jh BthA j?. e[M e[ irhodkoh F"e s/ tfjtsK sK

168

fJT[A ikgdk j? fe fit/A gzikphnK B{z fwb/ todkBK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;okgKd/ gb/ED tKr{z fwbhnK j'D. nchw-Fokp d/ BF/ s/ yk; s"o #s/ bVkJh-MrV/ gzikphnK B{z ;okg tKr bZr/ j'J/ jB. fJe g[okDh XkoBk j? feL-

iks-r's f;zxB eh dzrk, dzrk jh fJB r[o{ s/ wzrkgu/ Bk nzB ehJ/ fpB dzrk, n"o Bjh s' ngB/ ;zrk

gzikph ;wki ftu okitkVkFkjh s/ irhodkoh gqEk B/ iB-ihtBftu fJe e'jM th g?dk ehsk j?. T[j fJj fe oki/-wjkoki/, irhodkoKs/ tZv/ ;odkoK dhnK oh;K eod/-eod/ s{z-w?A th BfFnK ftu rbskB j'rJ/ jK. Fokp, nchw s/ szpke{ nwhoK d/ ihtB dk F"e ;h. ;" e[ ;kbgfjbK nchw ykDk s/ j[Zek ghDk nwhoh dh fBFkBh ;wfMnk iKdk ;h.j[D th gzikp ftu nchw s/ jfonkD/ ftu j[Zek nwhoK d/ u'Aub/ pD/ j'J/jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk pzd/-p[VQhnK dk B;tko dh u{zvh b?Dk-;[zxDk fJe;KMk fotki ;h. wr}-fdwkr B{z mhe eoB tk;s/ B;tko dh Bk; b?Dk}o{oh ;wfMnk iKdk ;h.

fJj Fokp, nchw, B;tko, phVh-f;roN, fubQw s/ szpke{ dk phVkbkT[D tor/ j'o BF/-gZs/ eoB dh fi; fe;/ ihn B{z nkds g? ikJ/ iKfJj BF/ s/ nwb i/ fe;/ xo ftu tV ikD sK ;wM' T[; xo dh }whBikfJdkd s/ pzd/ d/ ;oho B{z uZN eoe/ jh nwbh pzfdnK d/ jZvK Bkb jhxo'A fBebd/ jB. fit/A fgzvK ftu FoheK pko/ fJe p'bh wFj{o j[zdh ;hfe @iZN d/ xo/ Fohe tfVnk fBeb{ r[}kok eoe/# pZ; T[; nB[;ko jhfe;/ xo/ th BF/ tV/ wkV/ jh wkV/ jB. BFk eoe/ uzrk-Gbk pzdk pd}Bs/ pdfdwkr j' iKdk j?. Fokph ne;o jh fvZe-v'b/ yKd/ BkbhnK ftufvZrd/ fcod/ jB s/ e[Zs/ fJBQK dk wz{j bZed/-uZNd/ ofjzd/ jB. fco fJBQKdh neb B{z y'sk uo iKdk j?. pZ; pzdk y[d ]o-fdwkr Gkt y'sk fijkpD e/ nk;/-gk;/ tkfbnK B{z fpBQK wsbp d[bZshnK MkVdk fcodk j?. T[d'Afe;/ th X[Zs-Fokph dh jkbs @izB iB"oK dh ftu rXk fjDedk nkt/#tKr{z jk;'jhDh pDh j[zdh j?.

y?o! rZb uZb ojh ;h fe gfjb/ ;fwnK ftu i/ fe;/ Fohe B/ e'Jhr[ZMk-fwZmk pdbk b?Dk j[zdk ;h sK fe;/ d/ w[zv/ B{z nchw dh u/Ne bk fdzdk;h, i' fco T[; d/ jZvK Bkb jh fBGdh ;h. fco fJj th fejk iKdk ;h

169

fe nwbh sK oZp d/ bkvb/ g[Zs j[zd/ jB. d{finK d/ pZfunK B{z fJj BF/bkT[D dh u/Ne j[D nZr/ Bkb'A th fteokb o{g Xko rJh j?. nZi d/;w/A ftu Fokp, ;w?e, e'ehB, jFhF s/ j?o'fJB fij/ xkse BF/ tZv/gZXo #s/ g;kok eo u[e/ jB. fJBQK d/ fgZS/ FoheK tb'A Fohe/pk}h d/ekoB d{finK d/ fBnkfDnK B{z BfFnK dk ^[bkw pDkT[D dh gqftoshgqsZy w{oshwkB j[zdh j?.

BF/ nZi d/ ;wki ftu jo S'N/-tZv/ tor dh ew}'oh pD rJ/ jB.f;sw fJj j? fe ekwk s/ ^ohp tor th g';s-G[Zeh s/ szpke{ d/ phV/tor/ BfFnK dk fJzBk ^[bkw j' frnk j? fe T[j o'Nh sK SZv ;edk j?,go fJj BF/ BjhA SZvdk. ;w/A-;w/A dhnK ;oekoK B/ th fJ; gZy'A u[Zg dhb'Jh bJh j'Jh j?.

fJfsjkf;e gfog/y ftu BfFnK dh F[o{nks sK iBw ;w/A s'A jh pzd/Bkb F[o{ j' rJh ;h, go BF/-gZs/ dk y/Vk okfinK-oitkfVnK d/ ;w/A s'Ajh nkgD/ g{o/ ikj'-ibkb ftu nkfJnk j?. ni'e/ ;w/A d/ F[o{nksh d"oftu Gkt 20thA ;dh d/ F[o{ ftu oki/-wjkokfinK d/ dopkoK ftuBZuD-rkT[D tkbhnK oek;k Gkt eziohnK Fokp ghAdhnK ;[DhnK iKdhnK;B iK c/o t/;tktK d/ nZfvnK #s/ Fokp dk gquZbD nkw ;h. fJ; s'AfJbktk ;zB 1960ftnK ftu fiE'A sZe w?B{z :kd j? fe w?A nkgD/ y/shekfwnK d/ Bkb y[d ezw eod/ j'J/ t/ydk ;h fe fes/-fes/ phVh-szpke{dk ;/tB rohp n"osK eo b?AdhnK ;B.

gfjbK w/ok fynkb ;h fe fJj n?t/A fe;/ B/e }BkBh B{z pdBkweoB dh ykso jh Gzvh gquko j[zdk ;h. w?B{z gfjbh tkoh ;zB 1985 ftunkgD/ fJe ;fj:'rh nc;o d/ xo ikD #s/ gsk bZrk fe ;Zuw[Zu jh}BkBhnK th Fokp gh b?AdhnK jB. T[j fJ; soQK j'fJnk fe w?A fJeFkw nkgD/ fwZso nc;o d/ xo frnk sK T[BQK B/ w?B{z g[ZfSnk fe ehghUAr/< w?A T[d'A sZe ;e{bK, ekbiK, :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ j';NbK s/ fcof;tb ;oft; d/ n}kdkBk wkj"b ftu ofjD d/ pkti{d th phno sZedh x[ZN th Go e/ BjhA t/yh ;h. fJ; bJh w?A fejk fe w?A ukj ghtKrk.go nzdo'A ykB;kwk fJe ukj dk eZg s/ d' tXhnk bkoi g?Zr b? e/ jk}oj'fJnk. wfjwkB j'D ti'A gfjbK w/o/ e'b nkfJnk.

170

w/oh dFk ;Zg d/ w{zj ftu e'jV feobh torh j' rJh. i/ w?A ukj dhfgnkbh u[edk jK sK xo dh w/}pkB ;[nkDh dh nf;ZX/ s"o #s/ jZse j[zdh;h fe w?A ;wM fojk ;h fe Fokp dk fgnkbk T[; tk;s/ j?. w?A Fokpdk fgnkbk fe;/ jkbs ftu th BjhA u[e ;edk ;h. w?A ni/ fJ; d[fuZshftu jh ;h fe w?B{z w/o/ ;kEh nc;o B/ ;gFN dZ; fdZsk ;h fe s[jkv/bJh sK ukj dk fgnkbk jh nkfJnk j?l pkeh sK ;kvk d'BK dk fJjseohpB o'}kBk dk jh d;s{o j?. y?o! w?A nepo fJbkjpkdh dkfFno :kd eoe/ jh fJsfwBkB Gkt s;Zbh eo bJh fe FkfJo B/ fJ;;{os ftu mhe jh fejk j? fe L-

BJh sfj}hp w/A fdZes f}nkdk s' BjhA j'shw}kfjp ojs/ j?A ekfJw, \es fJwkB iksk j?

y?o! fJ; s'A pknd fgSb/ gzi-uko ;kbK ftu j[D }BkBh-wodK dkFokp ghD dk d;s{o xo dhnK jZdK s'A fBeb e/ ebZpK s/ ftnkj-FkdhnK sZe Fo/nkw BFo j' fojk j?. e'Jh d' e[ ;kb dh rZb j? fe}hoeg[o d/ fe;/ tZv/ w?foi g?b/; ftu pj[s tZv/ gfotkoK d/ Xh-g[Zs dkftnkj j' fojk ;h. nc;oK s/ j'o tZv/ pzfdnK tk;s/ fJe w/} wy;{;;h, fiE/ fe Fokp whAj tKr{z toQ ojh ;h. e'Jh nZX/-g"D/ xzN/ pknd o;s/ftu g?Ad/ fJe w/} #s/ p?mhnK ;[nkDhnK B/ thHnkJhHghH w/} #s/ w/bQdhnkT[Adh Fokp dh ;gbkJh B{z okj ftu jh jkJhi?e eo fbnk.

y?o! jkJhi?e eoB tkbh db/o n"os dk jZeh o"bk th ;kB{z ;[fDnkfe T[j efj ojh ;h fe T[Xo fejV/ bkN ;kfjp p?m/ jBl ;kv/ tZb thpokpo dk r/Vk-c/ok bk. go tZv/ s[nip dh rZb fJj ;h fe fJj;kohnK ;[nkDhnK iZNK d/ ftu/ xkb/-wkb/ nB[;ko ;G dh BkBh ;KMh j'Dd/ fJspko Bkb ;kvhnK nkgDhnK jh G?DK-GoikJhnK ;B. p/FZe fJ;fBj'fonK Goh fwZmh fijh B'e-M'e Bkb ;kvh ;kfonK dh ezv-MkV sKj'Jh, go fJ; gq;zr ftu FkfJo nepo fJbkjkpkdh dk fFno ;kBz{nBzd-ftG'o eo frnk feL-

t;b eh Fp w?B/A T[; p[s ;/ bVkJh Eh }[pK:/ n;o fJ; ek j{nk T[od{ ;/ fjzdh bV rJh

j'o sK j'o ftnkj-FkdhnK B/ nZi-eZbQ nBzd ekoi nzfwqs t/b/ sK

171

eh j'Dk j?, ;r'A poks jh d[fgjo fJe-v/Y ti/ Y[Zedh j?. fco w[FfebBkb gzi-d; ihn B/Vb/ foFfsnK dh fbjk} d/ wko/ nBzd ekoi #s/gj[zud/ jB. pkeh ;ko/ iKMh-ikBh s/ jwksV ;kEh sK b/N eZYD d/ pjkB/gfjbK jh dko{-fgnkb/ d/ ;NkbK Bkb ik yfjzd/ jB. fco eh ekek, ehp[ZYk, pZ; ;D/ }BkBhnK ;ko/ jh vhHi/H cb'oK #s/ w/bQd/ fd;d/ jB.

go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe j[D sK e[ZM e[ phphnK ftnkj-FkdhnK d/vKf;zr cb'oK #s/ BF/ dh b'o ftu M{wdhnK fd;dhnK jB. BkJhN ebZpgfjbK fes/ tZv/ FfjoK ftu fJeV-d[ZeV j[zd/ ;B. j[D sK fv;e' ebZpnDfrDs j' rJ/ jB, fiE/ ;kv/ jh xoK d/ fBnkD/ w[zv/-e[VhnK s/f;nkD/-fpnkD/ p/p/-pkg{ th GzrV/ gkT[Ad/ fcod/ jB. fJj rZb tZyoh j? fee[ZM ;w/A pknd fJj' fij/ ebZp vK;oK #s/ BF/-gZs/ fJzB/ jkth j' iKd/ jBfe pj[fsnK dh sK ihtB dh v'o okj ftu jh S[ZN iKdh j?. ;kvh fJ;;wkfie jkbs pko/ fe;/ sB}eko B/ fezBK Y[ZetK fejk j? feL

Gbk j'fJnk bV B/fVUAS[ZNk T[wo NZgh Bk ;koh

BfFnK d/ Bkb-Bkb j[D ;kv/ B"itkB w[zv/-e[VhnK nkgDhnK p/ekp{fiB;h ew}'ohnK d/ ekoB rob-cq?Av} s/ p[nkJ/-cq?Av} Bkb fJFe dh b'oftu Fokp, uo; nkfd fij/ wfjzr/ s/ ;ZfsnkBk;h BfFnK Bkb wyw{o j'e/ i' Fpkph swkF/ eod/ jB, pZ; oj/ oZp dk BKn. fco FfjoK d/ gkoeKftu fJBQK dh fJFehnk d';sh dh n}kdh d/ nkgk-wko{ s/ xkse B}ko/ p;d/yD tkb/ jh j[zd/ jB. nZi d/ ;w/A d/ fJj G{zv-nkfFe jho s/ oKM/ j[D p/fbnK s/ u{ohnK dh rZb G[Zb-G[bk jh rJ/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJ fJBQK gq/whnK pko/fJe ni'e/ eth y'i/g[oh dk efjDk j? feL-

oKM/ B{z F{ro b? p?mh, j[D Bk yKdk u{ohT[Xo ;'jDh o'} Ykp/ s'A, yKdh fueB szd{ohe?d' bzrVk gk e/ oZyd?, fgzv ftu BthA G{;Vhy'i/g[oh nZi dk nkFe, fyZu i/ p'sb g{oh

fe;/ t/b/ bzdB d/ jkJhv gkoe dh rZb ;[Dd/ ;h sK fJ; B{z wy"b-w}ke jh ;wMd/ ;h fe T[E/ e'Jh gq/wh i'V/ fJFe cowkn oj/ ;B. T[BQKd/ e'b'A bzxd/ p}[or B/ fvT{Nh #s/ yVQ/ g[fb; d/ f;gkjh B{z fejk fe s{z

172

fJE/ yVQk eh fojK j?A, fJj ozvh p}ko pzd eotk. go T[bNk g[fb;tkbk jh T[; B{z efjD bZrk fe w/oh fvT{Nh fJj j? fe s/o/ tork e'Jhpzdk fJBQK dh gq/w-eqhVk ftu e'Jh ybb Bk gkt/. fJ; tk;s/ pkpk sz{ u[Zgeoe/ @t/yh ik go S/VhA BK# d/ nykD w[skfpe i/ s{z th nyK sZshnKeoBhnK jB sK p/FZe eoh ub.

y?o! j[D th fJzrb?Av, :{og, eB/vk s/ nwohek ftu eh p[Yk-p[YVhs/ eh BZYk-BZYVh p; ;ko/ jh Fo/nkw y[bw-y[bQk fgnko s/ uz[wk-uZNhftu nksw-ftG'o j'J/ jz[d/ jB. ;kv/ Bkb'A coe f;oc fJzBK j? fe T[jfJj ghb-gbKxk y/vd/ jZd pzB/ gko BjhA eod/.

sfj}hp/ wroph w/A j? p';/ sbe w[nkcfJ; ;/ nro pV'Q s' Fokos eh pks j?

go j[D sK uzvhrVQ b/e, o'} rkovB s/ e[ZM j'o gkoeK ftu j{-p-j{ fJj ;fEsh th fJzBh rzGho pD rJh j? fe b'e ezBK B{z jZE bk oj/jB. fJe ;hBhno g[fb; egskB B/ gzi e[ ;kb gfjbK fJ; ozvh-o'D/B{z pzd eoBk ukfjnk, go fJBQK G{zv nkfFeK d/ jwkfJshnK B/ T[; d/ jZEyVQ/ eok fdZs/. j[D i' th n?Z;Hn?Z;Hgh nkT[Adk j?, T[j fJ; ;wZf;nk B{zo'eD s'A gfjbK jh s"pk-s"pk eoe/ ezBK B{z jZE bk b?Adk j?. pZ; j[D sKfJj ;wZf;nk fJT[A j' rJh j? fe fiT[A-fiT[A fJ; d/ fJbki dh e'Jh rZb;'uh iKdh j? fsT[A-fsT[A woh} dk jkb ftrVdk iKdk j?. j[D fJj;wZf;nk e'Jh ;wZf;nk BjhA ojh, ;r'A BfFnK dk u;ek ;kv/ jZvK ftufJzBK ou-fwu frnk j? fe n;hA fJ; B{z fsnkrD d/ fynkb s'A jhS[Nekok gk u[e/ jK.

pZ; gzi ;kb sZe ;kvk d/F fe;/ j'o gZy'A d[BhnK d/ ftef;s d/FK dkw[ekpbk Gkt/A Bk eo ;e/, go BF/-gZs/ s/ fJFe-w[Fe dh n}kdh d/ gZy'AsK n;hA nwohek, fJzrb?Av s/ coK; fij/ w[beK Bkb wfVZed/ fd;Kr/.T[d'A g{oh T[whd j? fe ;kv/ w[zv/-e[VhnK B{z fJzBh e[ y[ZbQ fwb ikt/rh feT[j Gkosh jh BjhA ikgDr/l ;r'A T[j B?fse edoK-ehwsK s/ ;wkfiepzXBK s'A n}kd j' e/ gZSwh ;fGnsk d/ jh ihnk-izs bZrDr/. fJ; soQKid'A T[BQK dh nZi d/ wkV/ w'N/ ;wkfie pzXBK s'A pzd ybk;h j't/rh sK e'JhtZvh rZb BjhA fe ;kv/ phs/ ;fwnK dhnK jhoK, ;Z;hnK s/ ;'jDhnK d[pkok

173

wks b'e ftu nkT[D bJh oZp B{z no}h-gouk gkT[D bZrDrhnK.

y?o! fJe rZb j'o j? fe Fokp Bk ghD d/ fdqVQ fJokd/ s/ ;zebg thjB ns/ BF/ eoB d/ nkB/-pjkB/ th p/nzs jB. fJ; gqEkfJ pkpkrkfbp B/ fbfynk j?L-

rkfbp S[Nh Fokp, go np Gh eGh-eGhghsk j{z o'}/-npo'-Fp/ wfjskp w/A

FkfJo d/ FpdK ftu fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe w?A p/FZe Fokp SZvfdZsh j?, go j[D th id'A pZdb j[zd/ jB iK n;wkB ;k\ j[zdk j? sK ed/-ed/ x[ZN bk b?Adk jK. fJ; gq;zr ftu w?B{z nkgDh rZb :kd nkT[Adh j?fe ;zB 1983 ftu id'A w/o/ S'N/ p/N/ dk iBw sbtzvh ;kp' fty/ j'fJnksK w?A nkgD/ ;fj:'rh nc;oK B{z gqhsh G'i #s/ p[bkfJnk. T[E/ T[d'A fvgNhefwFBo pfmzvk B/ j[ew ukVQ fdZsk fe i/ w[zv/ dk fgU Fokp BjhA ghAdksK n;hA th ykDk BjhA yktKr/.

y?o! w?A Fokp Bk ghD d/ fdqVQ fJokd/ sfjs vhH;hH ;kfjp B{z fJegk;/ fbik e/ p/Bsh-p/Bsk ehsk fe iBkp w/oh ghDh pj[s wkVh j?. fJ;tk;s/ jh w?A ;Gk-;[;kfJNh ftu BjhA @ghAdk# fe fes/ w?A fe;/ Bkb rkbQ-wzdk Bk eo d/tK. j[D th w?B{z vo j? fe fes/ w?A s[jkB{z th v'e/ Bk d/ d/tK s/ pknd ftu G[rsdk fcoK. pfjojkb! w/ok fJj itkp ;[D e/vhH;hH ;kfjp B/ w/o/ jZE'A ikw cV e/ n?bkB ehsk fe w?A fJ; dh wip{ohB{z ;wM fbnk j? ns/ fJ; eoe/ fJ; d/ tzv/ dh dko{ th w?A jh ghtKrk.

fJe ;w/A don;b fJj w/o/ Fokp Bk ghD dk fJe wz}o ;h. gofJ; d/ T[bN w/oh f}zdrh ftu ;zB 1994 d/ eohp Fokp ghD dk d{ikgfjb{ id'A BFo j'fJnk sK T[d'A w?A nzfwqs;o ekog'o/FB dk efwFBo;h. w/o/ g[okD/ fwZso vkH uoBihs f;zx F/ofrZb T[E/ w?vheb ekbi d/gq'c?;o ;B. n;hA @ytki/ dk rtkj vZv{# pD e/ dko{ ghD dk pjkBk fJjxfVnk fe Ybdh T[wo ftu d' e[ g?Zr bk b?D/ f;js tk;s/ mhe ofjzd/jB. p/FZe w/oh XowgsBh w/oh FokpB'Fh d/ pj[s f]bkc ojh j?, gofco th T[; B/ w/o/ vkeNo fwZso dh ;bkj #s/ Fkw B{z fpbk-Bkrkd;soykB ;ikT[Dk F[o{ eo fdZsk.

fJ; soQK n;hA eJh fdB fJj M{m s/ pdBhsh dh eVQh x'bd/ oj/.

174

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176

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181

j?, go fco th B"itkBK Bz{ th s/ ;kvh ghVQh d/ tv/fonK s/ nkr{nK B{z thgzikp dh y[odh ik ojh itkBh pko/ fJj ;wMD dh nfsnzs b'V j? fei/ ;kv/ Gfty d/ tkfo; jh Bk oj/ sK ;kvhnK d/F fBowkD dhnK ;ehwKs/ ;phbK dk eh noE j?<

y?o! i' nZi ;kv/ ;wki s/ ;oeko dh B"itkBK gqsh ;G s'A tZvhf}zw/tkoh j?, T[; gk;/ sK ;kvk oZsh Go th fXnkB BjhA j?. T[j }o{osfJj j? fe pZfunK Bz{ ;e{bK s/ ekbiK d/ feskph frnkB d/ Bkb-Bkb;dkukoe, T[;ko{ s/ ouBksfwe fposhnK Bkb T[[BQK dk ufoso fBowkDehsk ikt/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK s/FjhdK-w[ohdK dhnK ihtBhnK s/ T[BQK d/ ekoBkw/ gfjb d/ nXko #s/Fkfwb ehs/ ikD dh b'V j?.

n;hA ;ko/ ikDd/ jK fe wkg/ s/ nfXnkge d/F d/ fBowksk jz[d/ jB.go fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kvhnK nkgDhnK ;oekoK dk th fJj co} nZtbpDdk j? fe T[j ;kv/ Xow, ;fGnkuko s/ B?fse edoK ehwsK dhgfjo/dkoh eoB. fJj ;oekoK dk jh ezw j? fe T[j ;kv/ g[ofynK d/fto;/-ftok;s Bz{ ;KG-;zGkb e/ nkgDhnK nrbhnK ghVQhnK sZe gzj[ukT[D.fco nkgD/ e"wh GftZy d/ B"itkBK Bz{ e[Zbh, r[Zbh, i[Zbh, Gkt o'Nh, egV/s/ wekB torhnK ihtB dhnK p[fBnkdh }o{osK d/D bJh T[BQK Bz{ o'}rkod/ w"e/ d/Dk ;oeko dk Xow s/ eow j?.

go nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe i' e[M j' fojk j?, T[j fpbe[bfJ; d/ T[bN j' fojk j?. BfFnK d/ eko'pko ftu bZrh YkDh fizBhskesto j? T[; d/ ;kjwD/ jkb dh xVh BFk w[es ;wki f;oiDtkfbnK dh skes T[BhA jh fBr[Dh j?. ;oekoK s/ ;oekoh nc;o f;ocvhn?fveFB ;?ANo d/ fe;/ ebQ/-ekoQ/ czeFB s/ w[bk}ws d/ set/-sekf}nK d/ wko/ BFky'oh s/ BFk o'e{ ;oekoh rshftXhnK dk r[DrkBeod/ jB. fJBQK ;wkrwK ftu n?e;kJh} ftGkr dk wzsoh iK e'Jh T[ZunfXekoh ed/ doFB BjhA fdzd/.

T[dkjoD ti'A fJe tko pfmzv/ fty/ s/fizdo e"o fgqz;hgb ;?eNohn?i{e/FB, nkJhH ihH ofizdo f;zx s/ w?A ps"o efwFBol ;e{bK ftu BFko'e{ w[fjzw d/ fJe ;wkrw ftu fJeZm/ j'J/ ;h. w?A T[d'A f}bk gqFk;B Bz{

182

g[fSnk ;h fe n?e;kJh} tkb/ feT[A BjhA p[bkJ/ rJ/< T[BQK dk i[nkp ;hfe iBkp! i/ w?vw iK s[;hA nkg n?e;kJh} fvgkoNw?AN ftu jz[d/ sK s[;hAth czeFB ftu BjhA nkT[Dk ;h. fJj ;'bQK nkB/ yoQh rZb ;h, i' ebQ th;Zu ;h, ni th ;Zu s/ GftZy ftu th yoQh-g{oh ;Zu oj/rh. fJ; dknoE-wsbp th ;gFN j? fe ;kvh f;nk;s, gqFk;B s/ n;hA y[dl p;w[edh rZb fe ;kvk ;kok ubD-gfoubD j[D eko'pkoh Xzd-fgND torkjh pD e/ ofj frnk j?.

gzikph ;dkuko dh EK gzikph sfj}hp ftu j[D fGqFNkuko dk ikd{jh f;o uVQ e/ p'bdk ;[D fojk j?. f;nk;h nkr{ e"w d/ ofjpo s/ofyne ;kps j'D dh irQk ikD-p[M e/ iBsk Bz{ r[wokj eoe/ ;kvhnKuzrhnK edoK-ehwsK bJh tv/ Gfyne ;kps j' oj/ jB. p; oZp jhikDdk j? fe ;oekoK s/ T[BQK dh fdFkjhDsk s/ rbs fdFk-fBod/Fk dkfJj nZtbk fijk irs-swkFk ed'A sZe ubdk ofjDk j?< j[D w"i{dk;w/A dh rZb jh b? bT[ sK j'o th wkVh @p?ArDh T[xVdh# j?. n?Z;HihHghH;hHdhnK u'DK d/ wro/-wro jh ftXkB ;Gk dhnK u'DK nk ojhnK jB. fcow[cs BFk tzvD d/ e?Ag s/ SphbK bZr ikDrhnK. fiE/ fco ;oekohBhshnK s/ fB:wK B{z FodkJh tKr{z x'N e/ ghsk-fgnkfJnk ikt/rk.

fJe ;ot/yD ftu fJj rZb nkJh j? fe j[D g[fb; s/ gqFk;B dkth f;nk;heoB j' fojk j?. gqFk;eh s/ gqpzXeh nc;o j[D id'A fJbke/ftu skfJBks j[zd/ jB sK T[j T[E'A d/ Gb/wkD; pzfdnK s/ iBsk Bkb;zgoe pDkT[D dh pikJ/ fJbke/ d/ ;wrboK Bkb ;zgoe pDkT[Dk }o{oh;wMd/ jB. go ;w[Zu/ gzikp s/ yk; eoe/ ;kvh bhvofFg d/ Fow BKndh e'Jh uh} B/Vdh th BjhA bzx ojh.

fJBQK ;G gkoNhnK s/ fJBQK d/ nkr{nK dh fJ; Fkpfde izr #s/p/r?os fpnkBpk}h ftu iBsk dk Fo/nkw xkD j' fojk j?. p/FZe j[D;kv/ b'e ;kv/ fJBQK nkr{nK dk jhi-fgnk} ;G e[ZM ;wMD bZr gJ/ jB,go nc;'; dh rZb fJj j? fe id'A u'DK dh rZb nkT[Adh j? sK T[d'A fconkgDhnK b'VK-E[VK s/ ro}K d/ wko/ fJj b'e f;nk;h s/ ;[nkoEhpzfdnK nZr/ r'v/ N/e fdzd/ jB. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe id'A gzi ;kb pkndu'DK d[nkok uzr/ T[whdtko u[DB dk t/bk nkT[Adk j? sK T[d'A @fFeko

183

fBefbnk s/ e[Zsh w[skJh# tork ;kvk ubD ;kv/ #s/ g{oB s"o #s/ skohj' iKdk j?.

fJ; soQK n;hA fco nkgDhnK ;oekoK d/ u'D eosk j'D ti'A fgSb/40-50 ;kb s'A i' rbshnK eod/ nk oj/ jK, T[j c/o d[jokT[Ad/ jK ns/nzp{ik ;hfwzN dh N?bhth}B #s/ ubdh wFj{oh tKr{z fJe-d{i/ GkJh B{zg[ZSd/ jK fe @GJhnk :/ dhtko N{Nsh feT{A BjhA j?#. T[; fJFfsjkopk}hftu fejk frnk j? fe dhtko fJ; bJh BjhA N[ZN ojh fe nzp{ik ;hfwzNbZfrnk j'fJnk j?. fpbe[Zb fJ; soQK jh w/oh iku/ ;kv/ g'bhNheb s/gqFk;fBe f;;Nw dk fJj skDk-pkDk T[d'A sZe fet/A N[ZN ;edk j? id'AsZe fe ;kvh okiBhsh d/ ftu pdBhsh d/ ekoB seohpB-seohpB;kohnK gkoNhnK ftu w"ekgq;s s/ ;[nkoEh rmi'V pD/ j'J/ jB. ;r'Anfijh y[dgq;s f;nk;s ftu ro}gq;sh dh r?o}o{oh nkVQs dh s{shp'bdh ofjzdh j?.

gzikp d/ nkr{nK B{z s/ yk; eoe/ b'eK B{z j[D ezX T[s/ fbfynk gVQb?Dk ukjhdk j? fe r[o{nK-ghoK d/th-d/tfsnK dh Xosh nZi BF/VhnK dhXosh pD u[eh j?. d[BhnK ftu gzikphnK dk Fokp ghD dk foekov sKjkb/ sZe e'Jh s'V BjhA ;fenk. ;r'A j[D sK j'o BF/ nchw, G[Zeh, ;[Zyk,uo;, rKik, }odk, c?A;h fvqb, e'o?e;, nkfJUv?e;, p{N gkfbF,g?No'b, wkochB d/ Nhe/, 10 Bzpo dhnK r'bhnK s/ e?g;{bK s/ feobhnKB{z G[zB e/ SeD s'A fJbktk nZs d/ wfjzr/ BF/ j?o'fJB, e'ehB, ;w?e,jFhF s/ gsk BjhA j'o fezB/ jh BfFnK dk jVQ gzikp ftu nkfJnkj'fJnk j?.

j[D sK BfFnK dhnK r'bhnK s/ dtkJhnK dh rZb sK fJe gk;/ ojh,;r'A BF/ d/ Nhe/ jh gquZbs j' rJ/ jB. j'o sK j'o j[D d'Xh b'e czvo-s'eV rkJhnK wZMK B{z Nhe/ bk e/ u'n oj/ jB s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;p}hnK dhekFs eoB tkb/ fe;kB th eZuhnK t/bK-nZbK B{z Nhe/ bk e/ eZd{-yop{}/pDk oj/ jB. fco g'bhNhFhnB iB ;w{j B{z NhekeoB dh ftXh Bkbf;nk;s d/ BKn #s/ Nhe/ bk e/ oks'-oks }whB-ikfJdkd s/ g?;k pDkoj/ jB. eb'BhnK T[;koB tkb/, GtB-fBowkD s/ ;VeK pDkT[D tkb/pioh, ;ohJ/ s/ ;hw?AN dh fwedko ftu ewh eoe/ j/ok-c/oh eo oj/

184

jB. ;VeK pDkT[D tkb/ b[Ze ftu vh}b s/ rzdk po'}k fwbk e/ fJwkosKs/ ;VeK dk ftek; BjhA, ;r'A ftek; d/ BKn s/ GtB-fBowkD ebk dkftBkF eo oj/ jB s/ nkgD/-nkg Bz{ nwhoh d/ Bkw s/ y'Nh ewkJh d/XB Bkb pdBkw eo oj/ jB.

fco j[D d/F ftu s/ yk; eoe/ gzikp ftu fwbktNy'oh fJzBhf}nkdk j' rJh j? fe ykD-ghD d/ w;kfbnK ftu fbZd s/ fJE'A sZe fed[ZX s/ y'J/ dhnK t;sK ftu th jbtkJhnK tb'A gsk BjhA eh rzd-wzdfwbkfJnk iKdk j?. d'Xh d[ZX ftu gfjbK ;go/Nk s/ fco gkDh gkT[Ad/ jhjB. Fokp ftu rzdk bkjD fwbkT[Dk nkw fijh rZb j' rJh j?. Fokpd/ m/e/dko gfjbK jh }fjo torh Fokp ftu j'o rzd/ bkjD, ;fgoNs/ BF/ d/ e?g;{b tor/ fBo/ }fjo jh fwbk e/ fgnk-tosk oj/ jB. fJ;;G ek;/ dk fJe' jh wkVk wB'oE g?;k pDkT[Dk j?. Fokp gh e/ fBZspzfdnK dhnK XkVK XVk-XV wo ojhnK jB. g[fb; p; gou/ doi eoojh j? s/ ;oekoK doi j'J/ gofunK d/ tXd/ j'J/ nzeV/ d/y e/ ;oekohekotkJh s'A g{oB s"o s/ ;zs[FN jB.

@iBo/FB ;/thno n?;';hJ/FB# BKn dh ;z;Ek tb'A ehs/ ;ot/ d/w[skfpe shih s'A nZmthA iwks sZe d/ 44 ch;dh pZu/ szpke{ dk ;/tBeod/ jB. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh tb'A eotkJ/ rJ/ 2009 d/;ot/ nB[;ko gzikp dh 45 ch;dh B"itkBK dh itkBh BfFnK fturbskB j?. BfFnK dh sK j[D j'w fvbtoh th j' ojh j?. BF/VhnK B/nkgD/ jh e'v tov pDk oZy/ jB. T[j e?g;{bK B{z x'r/, FhFhnK B{zxohNk, phVh-f;roN B{z GZmk bkT[Dk, G[Zeh tr?ok B{z ekov bkT[Dk efjzd/jB. g[okD/ nwbh fijV/ G[Zeh, g';s B{z Sso-Xkok s/ nchw B{z ekbhBkrDh fejk eod/ ;B, T[BQK dh sK j[D BF/VhnK ftu e'Jh fp;ks jhBjhA j? feT[A fe T[j j[D pV/ Bht/A gZXo d/ BFZJh frD/ iKd/ jB.

yk; s"o #s/ uzvhrVQ s/ w'jkbh d/ fJbkfenK ftu ^?o-nkpkd }whBKwfjzr/ Gkn fteD eoe/ b'eK Bz{ BthA-BthA nwhoh dh pjko t/yD Bz{fwbh j?. go 20-25 ch;dh bzwh ;'u tkfbnK Bz{ SZv e/ fJE'A d/ b'eKB/ fes/ pkjo }whB-ikfJdkd BjhA pDkJh. nkgD/ p?AeK d/ ykfsnK ftugJh tZvh oew B/ fJBQK d/ pZfunK B{z gZSwh ;fGnsk dhnK ;kohnK

185

w[bQkwsK dhnK SZeK bkj[D dk w"ek fdZsk j?.

fJ; bJh pj[s/ wkg/ j[D nkgD/ fBnkfDnK d/ BF/Vh bZSD s/ Ffjohozr-Yzr t/y e/ g/qFkB s/ p/u?B jB. fJe tko w?A nkgD/ d'Xh B{z g[ZfSnkfe T[j nkgDh }whB dk bZyK o[gJ/ w[nkt}k fwbD T[gozs th feT[A d[ZXd/ Y'b Y'Adk fcodk j?< T[; dk o'D-jkek itkp fJj ;h fe ;odko ih!eh eohJ/ ;kv/ g[Zs-g'fsnK dhnK d' ghVQhnK sK ;kv/ ;kjwD/ jh xoK d/T[ikV/ #s/ bZrhnK j'JhnK jB. fJ; tk;s/ jh @gzi g[Zs s/ gzikj g's/,pkpk ni/ th xkj y's/# dh b'e-ejkDh ;jh ;kfps j' ojh j?.

y?o! p/jZd nc;'; dh rZb j? fe j[D e'Jh xo BjhA pfunk s/ e'Jh;e{b-ekbi BjhA pfunk, go ;oeko ;ojkD/ pKj d/ e/ x{e ;[Zsh gJhj?. eh ;oeko B{z fJ; dk gsk BjhA fe fes/ Bk fes/ fJj f;nk;h;ogq;sh s/ g[b;hnK dh fwbhG[rs eoe/ BfFnK dh s;eoh d/ ekoBgzikp ftu BFky'oh ekp{ s'A pkjo j' ojh j?. fco j'o th d[Zy dh rZbfJj j? fe fe;/ B{z th gsk jh BjhA fe ;kvh fJj e[zGeoBh BhAd ed'AN[ZN/rh< fJ; ;pzX ftu eth nkgDk f\eo }kfjo eodk j? feL

djhA Bkb go"Am/ yk d' doiB, b/N gbzr s/ w'Nh fiT[A Bko ;"dhAgsk BjhA eh e?bth o'r uzdok, ;zeN t/b/ j? ;kvh ;oeko ;"Adh

fJe ;e{b ftu e[VhnK d/ p?rK dh sbkFh d"okB fezB/ jh BF/ dhnKr'bhnK d/ gZs/ fBeb/. w[zfvnK dh rZb sK SZv', T[j sK ;kv/ ;wki ftup; uzrk ykD-ghD, tXhnk jzYkT[D s/ wzdk p'bD-;[DB B{z jh ;kv/ ;wkiftu izwd/ jB. fco fJ]bke d/ gZy'A T[j Bjks/ x'V/ ;wM/ iKd/ jB fefiBQK d/ fgzv/ #s/ e'Jh wb-w?b BjhA brdh. fJ; soQK jh fgZS/ fij/ Nq?fceu?fezr t/b/ Fokp gh e/ rZvhnK ubkT[D tkbhnK cVhnK rJhnK e[VhnKdh frDsh w[zfvnK Bkb'A tZX fBebh. fco fJj th ;kjwD/ nkfJnk feT[BQK B/ w[zfvnK Bkb'A tZX Fokp uVQkJh j'Jh ;h. fJj ;ko/ nB?fse ozr-swkF/ ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nk oj/ jB ns/ ;kv/ okiBhfse, Xkofwe s/ ;wkfiebhvo swkFk d/y oj/ jB.

j[D sK fejk iKdk j? fe gzukfJs u'DK s'A b? e/ fwT{Af;gb ew/NhnK,ftXkB-;Gk s/ b'e-;Gk s/ j'o sK j'o ;r'A n?Z;HihHghH;hH dhnK u'DK ftuth g?;/ s/ BF/-gZs/ foT[VhnK tKr{z tzv/ iKd/ jB. wsbp ;kc j? fe fiE/

186

fes/ u'D gquko Gy/rk, T[E/ u'D dcsoK ftu BF/ d/ gofwN fwbDr/ ns/fco Fokp-G[Zeh dhnK p'ohnK y[ZbQDrhnK. nzfssk fJT[A u'DK fiZsD s'Apknd ;kv/ u[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ fco fGqFNkuko s/ BF/ fto'Xh w[fjzwK ftutZX s'A tZX n?bkBBkw/ ikoh eoe/ s/ Bkno/ wko e/ d[BhnK-ijkB dhtkj-tkj yZNDr/. pZ; ;kvk oZp jh okyk j?.

gzikp BF/ ftu roedk ik fojk j? s/ ;kv/ nkr{ nBzd-gq;zB nkgDhs{sh tik oj/ jB. fJj ;fEsh fpbe[Zb T[; soQK j? fit/A fe o'w ibfojk ;h s/ o'w dk pkdFkj Bho' pz;oh tik fojk ;h. go fJefJfsjkf;e ;ZukJh fJj th j? fe Bho' sK tXdh npkdh d/ gZy'A GhV/ s/;"V/ j' u[e/ o'w B{z tZvk eoBk ukj[zdk ;h. d/tB/s id'A T[E/ nZr bZrh sKT[j fdb'-fdbh y[F j' e/ pz;oh tik fojk ;h fe uZb' j[D o'w Ffjo dkd[pkok fBowkD ehsk ik ;e/rk, go ;kv/ e"wh nkr{ BfFnK ftu ib ojhB"itkBh dh fejVh T[;koh eoBr/ fJj sK nZbk whnK jh ikD/.

fJ; r"o-U-yk; Gkt yk; ftuko nXhB bVh ftu w?B{z ps"o vhH;hHfco'}g[o ;zB 2000-01 ftu gfjbh tko np'jo dh fe;/ ;z;Ek ftue[VhnK tb'A f;roN s/ Fokp d/ ;/tB eoB dk gsk bZrk. fco fJj thgsk bZrk fe fdZbh s'A pknd gzikp ftu ;G s'A gfjbK np'jo s'A c?FBF[o{ j[zdk j?. w?B{z fJ; T[go'es wkV/ gquZbD dk w[Zy ekoB fJ; fJbke/dh nwhoh dZf;nk frnk. go ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe @GZm gJ/ ;'BkfijVk ezB gkV/# fJ; nB[;ko nfijh nwhoh s/ n?F'-fJFos dk eh e'JhbkG j?, fijVh fe ;kvh ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkukfoe gqzgoktK s/ B?fseedoK-ehwsK dhnK BhjK B{z jh fjbk d/t/.

j[D fJj ;tkb g?dk j[zdk j? fe fJ; wjKwkoh dk fJbki e"D s/fet/A eo/< p/FZe fJ; wko{ o'r dh F[o{nks th ;kv/ xo-gfotkoK dhfJekJh s'A j'Jh j?, fJ; tk;s/ BF/ d/ e'jV dk jZb f;oc ;oekoK s'AbZGD dh EK ;kB{z nkgD/ xoK s'A jh eoBk gt/rk. fBo;zd/j ;G s'A tZXf}zw/tkoh ;kv/ okiBhfse b'eK s/ yk; eoe/ ;oekoK dh j?, i' fe y[dBfFnK d/ skio pD/ ikgd/ jB. fJ; d/ Bkb jh Xkofwe s/ ;wkfiendkfonK s/ ;z;EktK Bkb i[V/ b'eK dh th f}zw/tkoh pDdh j? fe T[j

187

;wki dhnK B?fse edoK-ehwsK dh pjkbh tk;s/ b'eK dh nrtkJheoB, go fJj ndko/ th ed/-edkJhA ;oekoK Bkb fbjk}-w[bkj}/g{od/ j'J/ ;oeko dh p'bh jh p'b iKd/ jB.

;ZskXkoh okiBhfse B/sktK, Xkofwe nkr{nK s/ fco g[fb; c'o; B{ze"wh s/ fJ]bkeh co} ;wM e/ w}p{s fJZSk Fesh s/ fdqVQ fJokd/ Bkb fJ;wjKwkoh d/ fybkc izr dk n?bkB eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kv/Xkofwe ndkfonK s/ ;wkfie ;z;EktK B{z nkg-w[jko/ jh BfFnK fto[ZX fe;/th ekotkJh B{z oZph j[ew ;wM e/ fJ; w[fjzw ftu nrtkJh eoBh ukjhdhj?. fJ; tk;s/ Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/NhnK, ;zs ;wki s/fjzd{-w[;fbw ;z;EktK th nkg'-nkgDk pj[s tXhnk :'rdkB gk ;edhnKjB. pFos/ fe fJj ;z;EktK nkg'-nkgD/ eZN/-tZS/ pzBQD s/ fuZN/ jkEhgkbD d/ F"e s'A T[go T[Zm e/ e"wh w;fbnK B{z soihj d/ ;eD.

go fJj th iZr-}kfjok ;ZukJh j? fe BFky'oh dh ftnkgesk s/fteokbsk d/ ;kjwD/ ;kv/ j[D sZe d/ ;ko/ ny"sh :sB-gq:sB Bk wkso jh;kfps j' oj/ jB. ;r'A fJ; d/ T[bN o'r dk c;sk tZYD dh pikJ/ n;hAnkgDhnK B"itkB o'rh ghVQhnK dk jh ezw swkw eoB ftu bZr/ j'J/ jK.fJ; dk ;gFN wsbp fJj j? fe ;kB{z fe;/ th ehws #s/ nkgD/ ;wkfiewkD-w[oksp/ s/ nkgDhnK rZdhnK ekfJw oZyD dh b'V-bkb;k j?. fJ; bJh;oeko B{z nkpekoh s/ BfFnK s'A j'D tkbh @yZNh-ewkJh# dh fuzskf}nkdk j? s/ ;kvh ni'eh ghVQh s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ B"itkBK dk f\eopj[s xZN j?.

p/FZe fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu ;kv/ d/F s/ e"w d/ GftZy d/ tkfo; ;wM/iKd/ ;kv/ B"itkBK tk;s/ gsk BjhA ;oekoK fezB/ tknd/ Gog{o n?bkBeodhnK nk ojhnK jB. go fJBQK dopkohnK s/ ;oekohnK d/ n?bkBBkw/pZ; bko/-bZg/ s/ M{m/ nZvh NZg/ tor/ jh ;kfps j' oj/ jB. fJBQK d/ d/F-gq/w s/ d/F-Grsh d/ tknd/ Fokph dh ;j[z tor/ jB, fijVk fe oks B{zFokp Bkb vZe e/ fJ; s'A s'pk eodk j? s/ fco nrbh Fkw p'sb dk vZNgZN b?Adk j?. fJ; soQK T[; Fokph tKr ;kvh e"w d/ nbzpodko fBZs tknd/eod/ s/ s'Vd/ jB.

188

pfjojkb fJ; ;zdoG ftu FkfJo ibkb dk ;[yB ;kvh ;G dhwkBf;e ;fEsh #s/ fezBk cZpdk j?.

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yZfVek S/Vh oZydh j?. nfij/ gquZbD dk y/v swkFk fgSb/ e[ZM djkfenKs'A j[D sZe wstkso uZb fojk j?.

go fgSb/ e[ZM e[ ;w/A ftu iBsk ftu gq/FkBh d/ ekoB @f;tb;[;kfJNh# d/ o{g ftu ;oekoK dk wy"Nk bkj[D dk gquZbD j'fJnk j?. T[;s'A f;nk;h nkr{nK s/ gkoNhnK B{z @ezX #s/ ftX-wksk d/ fby/ nZyoK# B{z;kc s/ ;gFN s"o #s/ gVQ s/ ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe j[D d/F ftu iBskB/ u'oh-uekoh s/ b[ZN-y;[ZN eoB tkfbnK d/ Bekp T[sko e/ T[BQK dkn;bh fujok d[BhnK d/ ;kjwD/ fbnkT[Dk jh j?. ;kv/ d/F d/ ;ko/w'johnK s/ nkr{nK B{z ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe d/F dh iBsk d/ wBK ftuj[D T[j nkgDk ne; s/ ftFtk; r[nk u[e/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;kv/ nkek fJj ;wM b?D fe @f;tb ;[;kfJNh# d/jkb dh xVh g[o-nwB go nzdo'A-nzdoh o'j Go/ nzd'bB w"i{dk okigqDkbh B{z pdbD tk;s/ fJe Bt/A jh o{g ftu nk oj/ jB. fJ; bJh i/oki;h b'e jkb/ th iBsk dk p[ZX{ pDkT[D'A pk} Bk nkJ/ sK T[BQK B{z ;kc;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe j[D T[j fdB d{o BjhAl id'A fe gq/FkB s/ d[yhiBsk o'j ftZu ;VeK #s/ T[so nkt/rh.

pfjojkb @f;tb ;[;kfJNh# B{z th j[D ;po, ;zs'y s/ sjZwb s'A ezwb?D dh pj[s b'V j? feT[Afe ;wki fto'Xh nB;oK B/ T[BQK d/ fto[ZX M{m-s{ckB yVQ/ eoe/ fJBQK B{z gq/FkB eoB dh jo tkj bkT[Dh j?. fJ; ftukodh bVh s/ eVh ftu don;b j[D f;tb ;[;kfJNh d/ nrKjtX{ nkr{nKs/ g?o'ekoK B{z f;tb ;[;kfJNh efjD dh pikJ/ dzrk ghVs iK ;wkighVs dbhsK d/ tKr{z @;oeko ghVs ;[;kfJNh# iK @;oekoh dzG-dtzXghVs ;wki# efjDk ukjhdk j?. ;wki ftu fdnkBsdkoh s/ fJwkBdkohd/ T[bN ns/ f;tb ;[;kfJNh d/ fto'Xh b'e fJ; ;wki ;[Xkoe ;z;Ek d/nkr{nK s/ yk; eoe/ fJwkBdko nc;oK B{z @B" ;" u{jk yk e/ fpZbh jZiB{z uZbh# dh w[jktoktbh Bkb fBtkid/ jB.

fJj rZb mhe j' ;edh j? fe 100 ch;dh fJwkBdko nc;o s/ b'esK ;kv/ ;wki s/ fB}kw ftu bZG jh BjhA ;ed/. go fBo;zd/j fJzBh e[;ZukJh }o{o j? fe fJwkBdko nc;oK B/ B" ;" u{j/ ykD dh pikJ/ B" e[u{fjnK Bkb jh vzr NgkJh ehsh j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh T[BQK tk;s/ B" ;" ykD

196

dh s'jws bkJh ikDh mhe BjhA. go ;kv/ ;wki dk fJe e'Mk ubD fJjth j? fe e'Jh th nkdwh id'A ;wkfie y/so ftu nkgD/ eko-ftjko;dek E'Vk fijk th f;oeZY pDB brdk j? sK b'e T[; dhnK bZsK-pKjKfyZuD bZr g?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK p/wsbp s/ c}{b fij/ Gzvh gquko okjhAuzr/ wkor #s/ ubD tkfbnK B{z th w[FfebK yVQhnK ehshnK iKdhnK jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu w?B{z :kd j? fe w/o/ fto'Xh ed/-edkJh wfj}fto'Xsk ti'A w/o/ #s/ id'A Fokp s/ g?;/ ykD-ghD dh p/p[fBnkd s'jwsbkT[Ad/ ;B sK w?A pVh ;kdrh s/ ;zihdrh Bkb T[BQK dh jK ftu jK fwbkfdzdk ;h. fJ; dk ;gFN ekoB fJj ;h fe w?B{z ;oft; d/ nyhob/ ;kbKftu r[opkDh d/ wjKtke @@w{oy? Bkfb B b{Mhn?## dh ekch ;wM nkrJh ;h ns/ fJj ;pe ne;o jh w?B{z Gzvh-gquko d/ ;Bw[Zy ;fjD-Fesh gqdkB eodk ;h. d{ik w?A ;wMdk ;h fe uzfrnK B{z p[ok ;kfpseoBk d[BhnK dh e'Jh BthA ohs BjhA j? ;r'A fJj sK b'eK dh g[okDh gqEkjh j?. shik w/ok fJj th wzBDk ;h fe fizBK s[;hA nr/ B{z tXd/ j', T[BKjh b'e s[jkv/ bJh p/wsbp dhnK w[FfebK yVQhnK eod/ ofjzd/ jB. fJ;bJh w?A d[BhnK s/ yk; eoe/ nkgD/ FoheK Bkb @jK GkJh w?A Fokph jK#iK @w?A th fJZeh-d[Zeh Se-Sekn b?Adk jK# efj e/ b'ekukoh d/ c}{b fij/ikGK d/ G/V ftu'A nkgD/-nkg B{z eZY b?Adk ;h.

fBo;zd/j fJ; gqEkfJ j[D iBsk B{z th d/F s/ e"w d/ fjZsK ftu g{oBs"o #s/ ikro{e j'D dh }o{os j? ns/ ;jh s/ rabs pzfdnK dh gSkDeoB dh b'V j?. j[D fJ; pdb oj/ d"o ftu gpfbe B{z nkgD/ nfXekoKs/ jZeK s'A tZX d/F s/ ;wki gqsh nkgD/ co}K s/ f}zw/tkohnK B{z ;wMDdh }o{os j?. iBsk B{z j[D ;jh o{g ftu d/F gq/w s/ ;t?wkD dhnKGktBktK B{z nkgD/-nkg ftu ikfrqs eoe/ nkgD/ fJe Bt/A ntsko ti'A;z;ko d/ ;kjwD/ nkT[Dk gt/rk.

ed/ w?Bz{ fJj th fynkb nkT[Adk j? fe w?A ;oekoK dh w[bk}ws ftufojk jK. fJ; bJh w/oh fJzBh n"eks feE/ fe ;oekoK iK T[BQK d/tv/-tv/ f;oK tkb/ ftdtkBK s/ ;[xV nc;oK Bz{ e'Jh okfJ-wFtok d/;eK feT[Afe fJj sK @fenk ghdh s/ fenk ghdh dk F'opk# tkbh rZbj't/rh. c/o w/o/ tofrnK dh rZb sK Sv'l ;r'A pkpk okwd/t s/ pkpk nzBk

197

j}ko/ tofrnK dh th feE/ fp;ks j? fe T[j Fk;B gqDkbh dhnKrz[Mbdko g/uhdrhnK Bz{ ;wM ;eD. j[D sK j'o th j?okBh dh rZb fJjj? fe Gkos ;oeko dh nkofEe w;fbnK dh wkfjo dh ;z;ko gqf;XNhw th nkgD/ jZEK Bkb jh gkJhnK s/ ghuhnK rzYK Bz{ dzdK Bkb th y'bQDs'A n;woE fd; ojh j?.

nZbQk-whnK jh ikD/ fe ;oeko dh gsk BjhA fejVh wip{oh j? fefJj d[BhnK d/ ;kjwD/ Fow;ko jz[d/ j'J/ th fe;/ XB d/ g[ikoh s/ izskGfyne wrowZSK Bz{ e[ZM BjhA efj oj/. fJ; s'A ;gFN jz[dk j? fe ;kvh;oeko ;G e[M ikD e/ th fJ; bJh nDikD j? fe fJBQK d/ nkgD/ nB/eK bkG s/ ok} fJzBk rVpV x'NkfbnK d/ fgS/ S[g/ j'J/ jB. BjhA sK,i/ ;oeko dh fdnkBsdkoh dh Bhsh j't/ sK fe;/ dh th eh skes j? fe;oeko Bkb f;zr c;k ;e/.

;oeko nkgDh ftXkBekoh, gqFk;eh s/ ;zukbD gqDkbh dh ftXk dhg{oB s"o #s/ frnkBtkB s/ pj[s jh ;woE Fesh j[zdh j?. fJ; tk;s/;oeko Bz{ y[d jh c"oh s"o #s/ v?w/i ezNo'b Gkt B[e;kB o'e{ ekotkJh;pzXh b'VhAd/ ekBz{B-ftXkB s[ozs jh fefonktzs eo d/D/ ukjhd/ jB.fJ; s'A fJbktk ;oeko B{z nkgDh fYZbh-wZmh nc;oFkjh dhnK sDktKe; e/ T[BQK Bz{ fdB-oks d/ nXko #s/ fefonkFhb j'D d/ c[owkB ukVQd/D/ ukjhd/ jB. fJ; Bkb f;oc @wK Bkb'A j/ibhnK cZc/e[ZN f;nk;hgkoNhnK s/ Bt/A T[r/-g[zro/ ;wki ;[XkoeK dh e/tb c{e jh BjhAfBeb/rhl ;r'A ;kvh nc;oFkjh dhnK ;[ZshnK-ebK th ikro{e j'DrhnK.

fco ;oeko dh Sso-SkfJnk s/ fSZso-SkfJnk dh XZwe eFwho s'AezfBnk e[wkoh sZe pkok;sk gzikpl d/F d/ e'B/-e'B/ se jo-fdb s/jo-fdwkr ;[D/rk. fco fe;/ dh eh wikb fe d/F fto'Xh wkV/ nB;o;oeko Bz{ @N[Ze T[s/ v/bk# ;wMD, ;r'A ;oeko dk xz[ro{nK BkbfFzrkfonk fSZso id'A joes ftu nkfJnk sK ;kv/ nkb/-d[nkb/ dhd[BhnK th i/ nZpk-nZpk Bk eo T[m/ sK w/ok Bkw tNk d/Dk.

go fJj th ;Zu j? fe nzdo'-nzdoh ;kvhnK ;kohnK f;nk;hgkoNhnK B{z ukBDk j? fe T[BQK d/ jw;kJ/ :ko-p/bhnK d/ nkgD/ th u"bfuZN/ jB ns/ fJj u"V-ukBD tZvh frDsh ftu ekb/ XB s/ }yhokpk}h

198

torhnK wkVhnK eos{sK d/ jh gZN/ j'J/ jB. fJj f;o/ d/ XBkY, ;owkJ/dko s/ }yhokpk} b'e d/F-ftd/F ftu ekb/ XB d/ tZv/ wkbe jB. ;kokw[be jh fJBQK XB-e[p/oK tb'A pDkJ/ G?V/ s/ wkV/ nkofEe jkbksK d/uZeoftT{ ftu'A r[}o fojk j?. fJ; ;fEsh ftu id'A n;hA seohpB ;ko/jh jwkw ftu Bzr/ jK sK fJ; ;{os/ ftu @okDhJ/ nZrk Ye# tkbh rZbe"D fe; B{z nky/ s/ fco nky/ th sK fet/A nky/<

pfjojkb, j[D eh fwZso, eh d[FwD s/ eh fto'Xh ;G B{z jh pZ;X[Ve{ fijk bZrk j'fJnk j? fe gsk BjhA ed'A XogeV dh y/v F[o{ j'ikt/rh. fco j'o sK j'o eJh Gb/-g[oFK s/ Gb/wkD;K B{z th j"T{-tfVZe/nk oj/ jB fe fes/ e'Jh Bkwh u'oK dh g?V iK u'oh d/ wkb dk y[ok y'ifes/ T[BQK d/ xo dh dfjbhi jh Bk NZg nkt/. go okw dhnK okw jhikD/ fe fJj eh j' fojk j?< fJe gk;/ ;kv/ ;kjwD/ gqXkB wzsoh dktXhnk feodko s/ F'jos ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;oeko d/ ;fj:'rh ebwkvh,J/H okik s/ eBhw'Mh tofrnK dhnK ekbhnK eos{s jB. ]?o! oZp jhikDdk j? fe id'A wkV/ fdB nkT[Ad/ jB sK pdBkwh d/ Y'beh-S?D/ fpBtikJ/ jh tZid/ jB.

w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe d/F d/ tZv/-tZv/ bZyK-eo'VK o[gJ/ d/ xkb/-wkfbnK ftu eh okik s/ eh nfXekoh, ;G fJe' jh oZ;/ ftu pZM oj/jB. iBsk-iBkodB sK j?okB-gq/FkB yVQh j? s/ pZ; jkb/ th nkgDh;w{fje j'Dh d/ gzuKr gKfXnK-gzvsK B{z d/y-fdyk ojh j?.

]?o! ;oeko, nzBk j}ko/ s/ pkpk okwd/t d/ ftueko yVQh d/F ftufGqFNkuko s/ ekb/ XB ;pzXh fse'Dh Fsozih y/v uZb ojh j?. okiBhshdh oDBhsh dhnK BodK-r'NhnK y/vhnK ik ojhnK jB. d/Ftk;hnK Bz{dog/F w;b/ s/ w[Zd/ jw/Fk tKr pV/ jh nVhnb fij/ ;oekoh nzdk} BkbnZy'A-g'qy/ ehs/ ik oj/ jB. fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;{os/ jkb fJj j? fe;kvhnK ;fGnkukoe p'bhnK e"w B{z dog/F w;fbnK dh pVh ;jhsoiwkBh eodhnK jB fit/A @fJZbQK tKr{z yVQ/ Bh, nk s?B{z SV/ ftyktK# iKfco @y/s T[ikV fgnk, w?A fet/A frZX/ ftu iktK#.

]?o! ;wki ;[Xkoe fJBQK pkfpnK Bz{ fJj sK wzBDk jh gt/rk feT[BQK dk okiBhsh d/ fiBQK wjKoEhnK Bkb tkj-tk;sk fgnk j?l T[BQK d/

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w[ekpb/ ftu pkp/ s/ T[BQK d/ ;ko/ u/b/-ukNV/ e[Zb fwbk e/ th ;oeko d/gkf;zr th BjhA jB. fJBQK pkp/ j[oK B{z fJj th ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe;oekoh wFhBoh ne;o jh @Bwk} pyFtkT[D frnK Bz{ o'}/ th rb gkfdzdh j?#. fco @nS'A e' p[ok ;kfps eoBk, d[BhnK eh g[okBh nkds j?#nB[;ko fJBQK dh fJe ftT[Aspzdh j?, fi; d/ ueoftT{ ftu fJjefjzd/-ejkT[AfdnK Bz{ th c;k b?Ad/ jB. go ][dk Bk ]k;sk i/ n;hA nkgjh wkV/ j'JhJ/ sK oZp jh ;kB{z puk ;edk j?.

j[D sZe d/ pD/ jkbksK nB[;ko ;w/A dh wzr j? fe ;kvh ;oeko i'fe b'eK tb'A u[Dh j'Jh j? s/ b'eK dh nkgDh jh j?l fJj ;oeko nkgD/jh b'eK d/ tk;s/ fBo;ze'u ;w/A ftu c?b/ fGqFNkukoh dktkBb Bz{ ;w/A dhB}kes d/yd/ j'J/ d/F seV/ jZEhA bt/. p/FZe j[D se d/Ftk;hnK dh j'Dhftu fJ; gZy'A pj[s e[M wzdk-wkVk tkgo uZ[ek j?, go jkb/ th v[ZbQ/ p/oKdk e[M BjhA ftrfVnk. fJ; gqEkfJ ;dhnK s'A ubh nk ojh b'e f;nkDg@jEK pkM eokfJnk t?oh fwZs Bk j'J/# nB[;ko ;wki ftu tX oj/;wkfie, nkofEe s/ ;dkukfoe froktN d/ G{sK-g/qsK d/ pofybk\:brako Gkt tZvh w[fjzw ftZYD dh nfsnzs b'V j?.

fJe j'o th p/jd j?okBh dh rZb j? i' fe ;wM'A th pkjo ikgdh j?fe ;kvhnK ;oekoK Xow-fBogy s/ gygks s'A ofjs j'D dk dwGodhnK jB. fco ;kv/ ;ko/ nkr{ Gkt/A T[j fe;/ th gkoNh d/ jB, go;G jh wzBd/ jB fe j[D sK pj[s e[ZM wkVk tkgo u[ek j? fJ; bJh j[Dj'o d[y BjhA ;fjnk iKdkl fJ; bJh fGqFNkuko, }]hokpk}h s/ foFtsy'ohB{z ;wki ftu'A ysw eoB dh n}jZd b'V j?. go id'A ;oeko efjzdh j?fe nzBk j}ko/ s/ pkpk okwd/t d/ fgS/ nkoHn?Z;Hn?Z;H iK phHi/HghH dk jZEj? sK ;wM BjhA nkT[Adh fe fJ; ftu fJsok} tkbh th fejVh rZb j?<fco fJj th ;'uD dh rZb j? fe d/F d/ e"wh w[ZfdnK s/ yk; eoe/ d/Fs/ e"w wko{ fGqFNkuko, ekb/ XB s/ wfjzrkJh fij/ w;fbnK #s/ eheKro; gkoNh s'A f;tkJ/ d/F s/ b'e fjZs ftu e'Jh j'o gkoNh iK ;zrmBrZb BjhA eo ;edk<

wzfBnk fe fto'Xh f;nk;h gkoNhnK th nkgD/ f;nk;h w[ckdK s/oki;Zsk dh gqkgsh bJh jh F'o-r[b eodhnK jB. fJ; tk;s/ j[D fto'XhgkoNhnK B{z th nkgD/ d/F gqsh nkgDhnK f}zw/tkohnK B{z ;wMd/ j'J/

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gkoNh bkJhBK s'A fes/ T[go T[m e/ fGqFNkuko d/ fto[ZX fJ; e"whiZd'-ifjd ftu g{oh fBFmk s/ eqwpZXsk Bkb oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh B{z;fj:'r d/Dk ukjhdk j?.

;kB{z ;'uDk ukjhdk j? fe i/ jkb/ th ;kvk ;[nkoE s/ ;kvh wsbpgq;sh jh ;kv/ e"wh nkuoD #s/ jkth j? sK fJj gqftosh d/F s/ e"w bJhpj[s jh xkse s/ wko{ j?. fJ; bJh fJj d/F d/ B/sktK Bz{ ;'Gdk jh BjhAfe T[j nkgDh ;"Vh ;'u d/ ekoB nkgD/ jh g?o e[jkVh wkoB torhnKrbshnK eoB. ;r'A j[D sK ;w[u/ d/F d/ fjs ftu nfijh eNZVgzEhfBitkd s/ gygksh xkse ;'u dk bV SvD dh b'V j?.

fJ; tk;s/ d/F tk;hnK ftu ikD-p[M e/ ft;kohnK s/ ft;ohnKd/F-gq/w, ;t?wkD, e"wh nkuoD s/ nB[Fk;B dh GktBktK B{z g[Bo-;[oihseoe/ jh ;oeko fJj izr fiZs ;edh j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu oZp Bz{ th fJjGkT[Adk j? fe j[D id'A ;w{fje o{g ftu iBFesh dk b'jk row j? sK;w[Zu/ d/F ftu f;nk;h gZXo #s/ th okiBhfse fJZSk Fesh d/ tXkDhjE"V/ dh eokoh s/ ekoh ;ZN Bkb fGqFNkukoh s/ ekbkp}koh d/ nB;oKBz{ ysw ehsk ikt/.

fJ; ;ko/ ;zdoG s/ ft;Eko ftu ;G s'A tZX nfjw rZb fJj j? fej[D ;oeko Bz{ th ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe fJ; bVkJh ftu jko th fiZspD ;edh j? ns/ d{i/ gk;/ fiZs th jko pD ;edh j?. fJ; dk ;gFNwsbp fJj j? fe i/ n;hA fJj th wzB bJhJ/ fe i/ fGqFNkuko s/foFtsy'oh d/ fybkc okwd/t, nzB/ iK b'eK dh nktk} Bz{ dpkT[D ftu;oeko ;cb j' th iKdh j? sK th ;oeko dh nfijh fiZs nkfyo ftu T[;dh jko jh j't/rh. fBoD/ wkso rZb fJj fe i/ ;oeko d/F ftnkghfGqFNkuko B{z BZE-Be/b BjhA gkT[Adh sK fJfsjk; d/ gzfBnK ftu fJj;oeko dh fGqFNkuko d/ fybk\ e"wh izr ftu jko pD e/ jh doij't/rh.

i? iBsk, i? Gkos

201

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jkb/ fdZbh d{o j?d/F ftu ;otftnkgh fGqFNkuko dh ;[Bkwh bfjo fto[ZX T[Zmh

b'egkb fpZb dh wzr tk;s/ b'e-bfjo B{z d/y e/ :ehB jh BjhA nkT[Adkfe ;dhnK s'A uZbh nk ojh ;kvh r[bkw }fjBhns d/ pkti{d thnzdo'-nzdoh ;kv/ ftu e'Jh fJBebkp g?dk j' fojk j?. fJj th brdkj? fe fJ; T[ZGo ojh iBFesh ftu fJBebkph u/sBk sK FkfJd fJzBhBk j't/, go xZN'-xZN fGqFNkuko s/ fGqFNkukohnK dh wko d/ fybkcd/F d/ b'eK ftu e[obkjN }o{o d/yD B{z fwbh j?.

don;b rohph o/yk s'A th EZb/ ofj oj/ rohpK s'A b? e/ wZXw tord/ b'eK B/ sK jkb gkfoQnk eoBh jh ;h, go j?okBh j[zdh j? fe nwhotor s/ wjK nwho tor d/ n?Fgq;s b'e th gsk BjhA feT[A s/ fe; rb'AfGqFNkuko d/ jZE'A fJzB/ szr jB fe T[j th FoQ/nkw @fGqFNkuko d/ G{s#Bkb iZc'-iZch j'D B{z fsnko j' rJ/ jB. fJ; dk fJe ekoB sK fJjikgdk j? fe fGqFNkuko dk fizB-G{s j[D p'sb s'A pkjo nk e/ jo fe;/B{z @nkdw-p'-nkdw-p'# efje/ fBrb ikD dk voktk d/ fojk j?.

j[D ;kB{z ;G B{z ekp{ eoB dh b'V ;wM nkJh j?. go fJE/fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh B{z BZE-Be/b gkT[D tk;s/ ;G s'A fijVh }o{ohrZb ;wMD dh b'V j?, T[j ;kvh fJe g[okDh b'e f;nkDg w[skfpe fJjj? fe nkgDh i/ e'Jh Fy;hnsh ew}'oh d{o eoBh j't/ sK T[; ew}'ohB{z iVQ'A jh g[ZN fdU. fco i/ u'oh ysw eoBh j't/ sK u'o B{z wkoB dhpikJ/ u'o dh wK B{z wko'. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe fGqFNkuko torh iKfe;/ j'o ;wkfie ew}'oh B{z i/ ysw eoBk j? sK ;G s'A gfjbK fiE'A T[;ew}'oh dk w[ZY pZMdk j? T[; B{z jh ;ysh Bkb Bfifmnk ikt/.

]?o! j[D d/F ftu uZb oj/ fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ s'A sK fJj brdk j?fe noEuko/ d/ ftdtkBK d/ @j?t} n?Av j?t B"N;# tkb/ eEB ;kv/ ;wkiftu ;Zu/ ;kfps j' u[Ze/ jB. BjhA sK, fJzBh tZvh b'e bfjo dk Gkosftu T[ZmDk fJe nb'ekoh tkbh rZb jh j?. ;dhnK s'A r?o-w[beh ikpos/ Bkpo j[ewokBK dh r[bkwh G'rd/-G'rd/ n;hA fJzB/ ;fjzdV j' u[e/ jK

202

fe tZv/ s'A tZv/ ipo B{z th n;hA oZph GkD/ tKr{z jh wzBD d/ nkdh j' rJ/jK. nkgD/ j[ewokBK d/ G?V/ s'A G?V/ ubDK B{z th n;hA T[BQK d/ d?thnfXeko ;wfMnk j?. c/o T[BQK dh y[Fh jk;b eoB bJh wkfJnk n;hAs/ fJ}s-nkpo{ se d/ B}okB/ d/ e/ ukgb{;h s/ y[Fkwd d/ tZv/-tZv/wknoe/ wko/ jB.

fJ; soQK ;kv/ d/F dh bzwh r[bkwh B/ @r[bkw }fjBhns# dh wkVh;[rks fJe ftok;s tKr{z ;kvh M'bh gkJh j?. fJE'A sZe fe ;zB 1000ftu wfjw{d r}Bth s'A wstkso F[o{ j'JhnK ^?o-w[beh XkVK s/ fcowZX ekb s'A uZbh nkJh r[bkwh dk fJfsjk; ;kB{z dZ;dk j? fe id'A id'A^?o-w[beh XkVthnK s/ j[ewokBK B/ Gkos tZb B{z w{zj ehsk sK e'Jh Bke'Jh e"w dk ukgb{; rZdko T[BQK e'b/ gfjbK ih nkfJnK B{z efjD bJhgj[zfunk.

fBo;zd/j fJE/ fJj th p/jZd f}eo:'r j? fe wjkokDk gqskg, fFtkihwojZNk s/ ;opz;dkBh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tor/ sgh-fsnkrh d/FGrs th j'J/l fijV/ fe nkgDk ;G e[ZM d/F s/ e"w s'A fBSkto eo rJ/.fco wjkB r[o{ dk wjkB pzdkl pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdko, f;Zy fw;bK d/iE/dko, wjkokik oDihs f;zx s/ joh f;zx Bb{nk tor/ iKpk} pjkdo thj'J/. fco gzikp ftu nk}kdh poeoko oZyD dh n?Arb'-f;Zy izr1845-46 ftu Fjhd ;qH Fkw f;zx nNkohtkbk tor/ woihtV/ ;kjwD/nkJ/. go Bkb jh d/F d/ rZdko s/ skio T[d'A th ;Bl fizBQK rZdkoK dh;"d/pk}h B/ ;kvh nk}kd e"w d/ rbK ftu r[bkwh d/ ;zrb gkJ/.

fJ; bJh j[D d/F dh n}kdh s/ nyzvsk B{z poeoko oZyD bJhd/F GrsK d/ ihtBK s'A d/F gq/w s/ e[opkBh dk i}pk rqfjD eoB dh b'Vj? s/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh d/F d/ rZdkoK d/ ihtBK s'A fJ; gq;zr ftu ;peb? e/ e"w B{z BeFD gkT[D dh b'V j? fe n;hA ed/ fe;/ th d/F fto'XhekotkJh dk G[Zb e/ th fjZ;k Bk pDhJ/.

fJ; gqEkfJ fco d/F dh izr/-n}kdh bJh gfjbK 1798-99 d/eohp Nhg{ ;[bskB s/ ;zB 1857 ftu wjkokDh MK;h, BkBk coBth;,sKfsnk N'g/ s/ wzrb gKv/ ns/ yk; eoe/ gzikp ftu GkJh wkjoki f;zxs/ e{ek bfjo d/ w[yh pkpk okw f;zx tor/ nB/eK d/F-GrsK B/ fijVk

203

;zxoF F[o{ ehsk, T[j nZr/ eJh eqKshekoh b'e-bfjoK d/ Fjhd/-nk}w;qH Grs f;zx, B/sk ih ;[GkF uzdo p'; s/ Fjhd T{Xw f;zx tor/;zrokwhnK s/ FjhdK s'A pknd n}kdh sZe ikoh fojk. n}kdh gqkgsh d/fJ; bzw/ ;zxoF ftu rdo gkoNh, pZpo nekbh, pkpk okw f;zx ih dhe{ek bfjo s/ f;nk;h gkoNhnK d/ nB/eK jh ;zxoFh :'fXnK B/j[ewokBK tb'A fdZs/ rJ/ nefj s/ n;fj wkBf;e s/ ;ohfoe eFNK B{z;jkfonk. go e[Zb fwbk e/ wZX ekb s'A F[o{ j'Jh r[bkwh s'A b? e/ Gkosdh n}kdh dh izr sZe ed/ th ^?o-w[beh fGqFNkukoh ikpoK s/ BkpoKd/ fto[ZX ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ Gkos tk;hnK tb'A fJew[Zm j' e/ ed/ th e'Jh tZvhfJBebkph u{z-fuoK BjhA j'Jh.

go j[D n}kdh s'A pknd ;wkfie s/ nkofEe ;'FD s/ fGqFNkukofto[ZX i' e"wh bfjo T[mh j?, fJ; s'A ikgdk j? fe Fjhd Grs f;zx dhGftZypkDh @@w?B{z e'Jh FZe BjhA fe Gkos fJe fdB }o{o n}kd j' ikJ/rk, go w?B{z ydFk j? fe r'o/ ;kfjpK dh EK pokT{B ;kfjp nk ikDr/ns/ d/F d/ b'eK s/ yk; eoe/ c?eNohnK ftu ezw eod/ w}d{oK s/ y/sKftu ezw eod/ fe;kBK s/ ekfwnK dk F'FD pzd BjhA j't/rk## nZi ;qHGrs f;zx dh fJj 80 ;kb gfjbK ehsh GftZypkDh gqsZy s"o #s/ ;Zu;kps j' ojh j?.

nZi n}kdh d/ 65 ;kb pknd fJe dw ;kv/ ;ko/ oki;h nkr{ p/FeGrs f;zx dk BKn nbkg oj/ jB go T[j Grs f;zx s/ nB/eK d/FGrsK d/ d/F Grsh s/ ;wkitkd cb;c/ B{z ni/ th nZy-go'y/ eod/ ikgd/jB. fJ; dk ekoB th pVk ;gFN fijk jh j? fe ;kv/ FjhdK s/ ;zxoFh:'fXnK dk o;sk sg-fsnkr s/ go;[nkoE dk ;h. id'A fe j[D ;kvko;sk wkfJnkXkoh b'GhnK tKr{z fBZi-;[nkoE s/ fGqFNkuko tkbk pDu[ek j?. fJ; bJh fJj ;gFN jh j? fe n}kdh s'A pknd b'eszso dhgrvzvh pdb e/ j[D okiszso dh Fkjokj pD u[ek j?.

;zB 1975 ftu fJe tko gfjbK th ;kvh b'e u/sBk ftu xzNhnKtZihnK ;B, i' fe 1977 sZe xfVnkb pD e/ ;kB{z dZ; rJhnK fen}kdh s'A pknd ;G e[ZM nZSk BjhA ;h j' fojk. e[ZM d/o n;hA ;zGb/ s/;wM/, go fco ;kvh rtoB?A; dh Yhue-ukb tkbh y'sh w[V-fxV e/

204

p'jV EZb/ nk rJh. feZ;k w[ys;o fJj j? fe fJe gzikph nykD @jZEg[okD/ y';V/ p;zs/ j'ohA nkJ/# nB[;ko ;kv/ f;nk;h ofjpo-ofjB[wk s/iBsk iBkoXB nokw Bkb gqh-n?woi?A;h d/ ;[Zy-nkBzdK ftu rbskB j'rJ/. fco p/o'e-N'e npkdh tXdh rJh. fi; Bkb d/F d/ tX/ j'J/ nzBGzvko th E'V/ g? rJ/.

fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ #u'A @raohph jNkU# dk ;kvk ;zebg p/noE j' e/wBch j' frnk. fco fJe BthA jh ;BZns d/ o{g ftu fGqFNkuko B/ iBwfbnk. fGqFNkuko d/ Bkw dh fJ; ;BZns dh fJe ftbZyD fijh ftF/FskfJj j? fe fJ; ftu fBt/F ti'A e'Jh XzB, ;zgsh bkT[D dh b'V BjhA, pZ;e'Jh Bk e'Jh S'Nk-tZvk o[spk, nj[dk gqkgs eo bt' s/ id'A sZe s[;hAfoNkfJo BjhA j[zd/ ns/ fco i/ s[;hA f;nk;s ftu j' sK fizBh d/o s[;hA@y[Zv/ bkJhB# y{zi/ BjhA brd/ iK nzfsw ;tk; BjhA b?Ad/ sK T[d'A sZe s[jkv/]}kB/ Gog{o ofjzd/ jB.

;zB 1975 d/ eohp f;nk;h b'eK s/ nc;oK dh fwbhG[rs eoe/T[BQK dh ;KMhtkbsk dh T[d:'r o{gh fJ; ;owkJ/dkoh d/ eko/ id'A ;kjwD/nkT[D bZr/ sK T[d'A gqXkB wzsoh B/ fJj efj e/ d/F B{z ;[nk fdZsk fefceo Bk eo'l fGqFNkuko sK rb'pb j?. go ;wMD tkbh rb sK fJjj? fe nr dk ;/e rb'pb j't/ iK xo/b{ j't/ ;/e sK fgzv/ B{z b{jD tkbkjh j[zdk j?.

]?o! ;kv/ d/F ftu'A fJj fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh sK jo jkb yswj'Dh ukjhdh j?. go fco ftukoD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe ;kv/ d/F ftu@fGqFNkuko d/ Bkw #s/ uZb ojh fJ; s/} ocsko rZvh# d/ gjhnK B{z i/fJe-dw po/e bZr rJh sK j' ;edk j? fe d/F dh rZvh jh gNVh s'A bfjikt/. i/ fJj fJ; soQK j' frnk sK fJ; rZvh #s/ ;tko ntkw s/ fB}kwdk eh pD/rk<

d/F dh n}kdh s'A pknd d/F d/ BtfBowkD dh p/jZd b'V ti'A Fjhd;q Grs f;zx, B/sk ih ;[GkF uzdo p'; s/ nbkwk fJepkb tor/ nB/eftukotkB b'eK B/ ;kv/ f;nk;h bhvoK dk fXnkB ntkw d/ w[ZYb/w;fbnK tZb fdtkfJnk ;h. B/sk ih ;[GkF uzdo B/ n}kdh dh gqkgsh s'Apknd nkT[D tkbh GftZy dh f;nk;h gkoNh B{z fusktBh fdzd/ j'J/ fejk

205

;h @@fJ; gkoNh B{z, gfjbK ofj u[e/ f;nk;h nkr{nK Bkb'A Bksk s'VDkgt/rk. B/sk ih dk wzBDk ;h fe n}kdh d/ d"o d/ gfjbK ofj u[Ze/f;nk;h nkr{nK bJh FkfJd BthA gkoNh d/ f;XKsK, gq'rokwK s/ sohfenKB{z nkT[D tkb/ ;zxoFh ;w/A ftu FkfJd ngDkT[Dk ;zGt BjhA j't/rk.

B/sk ih B/ fJj th fejk ;h fe fJfsjk; ftu i/ fes/ fd;dk thj? sK T[j fJeV-d[eV e/;K ftu jh j'fJnk j? fe fJe d"o d/ B/sk b'eed/ pdb/ j'J/ d{i/ d"o d/ th gqw[Zy pD/ oj/ j'D. fJ; gfoeow ftugfjb/ :[Zr d/ B/sktK B{z th nkgDh e'Jh n;cbsk iK jko BjhA ;wMDhukjhdh feT[Afe ;wK jw/FK nkgDh b'V w[skfpe Bt/A nkr{ g?dk eodk j?.fJ; bJh fJj fjzd';skB ftu th ntZF j't/rk.##

go fJE/ sK d/yD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe ;kv/ w[be ftu sK ;kv/B/skrDK s/ T[BQK dhnK gkoNhnK B/ ghVQh-do-ghVQh ojh oitkVkFkjh d/s"o-sohfenK B{z jh ngDk e/ b'e-;/tk d/ pjkB/ oki;Zsk jfEnkT[D d/Bt/A-Bt/A Yzr sohe/ pDk bJ/ jB. fco fJ; s'A nr/ n;hA d/F Grsh s/b'e-;/tk d/ BKn #s/ i/p Grsh s/ i/p ;/tk B{z jh nkgDh niko/dkoh pDkofynk j?. j'o sK j'o ;kv/ Xkofwe s/ ;wkfie nkr{ th f;nk;h b'eKdh oh;'-oh; Xow, B?fse edoK-ehwsK iK ;dkuko s/ nkuoD d/ ;[Xkodh rZb SZv e/ j[D f;nk;h ;'u-ftuko sfjs f;nk;s d/ w?dkB ftu nkrJ/ jB.

;[GkF uzdo p'; B/ fejk ;h fe ;kB{z i' fJj ;zeN dog/F nkfJnkj?, j' ;edk j? fe fjzd';skB d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJj BtK bZr/, go d[BhnKd/ fJfsjk; ftu fJj e'Jh BthA rZb BjhA j?. fjzd';skB ftu n;hA fi;:[Zr dh j[D ;wkgsh tZb B{z ik oj/ jKl fJj j[D nkgD/-nkg jh yswj' ikt/rk. ;kwokitkd ysw j' fojk j? s/ n;hA n}kdh, b'eszso s/;wkitkd tZb tX oj/ jK. ;' i/ n;hA ukj[zd/ jK fe n;hA nkgDh fJ;Bk:kp ftok;s B{z ;zGkbhJ/ sK fJ; ftu e'Jh w[Ffeb ;kv/ ;kjwD/ BjhAnk ;edh. T[BQK B/ nr/ fejk ;h fe ;kB{z j?okBh BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh feid'A e'Jh g[okDhnK fJwkosK nkgD/ jh Gko EZb/ dp e/ Yfj-Y/oh j[zdhnKjB sK Bt-fBowkD B/ nkgD/-nkg B{z y[d jh ;Ekfgs eoBk j[zdk j? ns/nfijk e[M ;fjtB jh j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh nfijh nfBFfussk s/ d[fuZsh

206

ftu ;kB{z nkgDk nksw ftFtk; BjhA rtkT[Dk ukjhdk. i/ n;hA ftFtk;rtk fbnk sK fJj ;kv/ bJh pj[s tZvh nkcs j't/rh.

fco p'; dk efjDk ;h fe id'A w?A e"w dh f}zw/tkoh dh rZb eodkjK sK T[; d/ Bkb jh w?A B"itkBK dh f}zw/tkoh d/ nfjw gfjb{ #s/ th }'ofdzdk jK. ;kv/ nZi d/ B"itkB ;kv/ nkT[D tkb/ eZbQ ftu ;kvk e"wh GftZyns/ ;kvh e"w d/ B/sk j'Dr/. fJ; ftuko B{z ;koh e"w jh wzBdh j? s/ ihnkfJnK nkydh j?.

fJ; bJh ;kv/ nZi d/ fJ; ;zebg dh fiZs fJe tZv/ o{g ftu ;kv/B"itkBK #s/ fBoGo eodh j?. fJj ;zebg f;oc ;kv/ B/skrDK s/f;nk;h b'eK dk jh BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk ;r'A ;w[Zu/ o{g ftu ;koh e"w dkfJj ;zebg j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; ftu ;kv/ B"itkB s/ yk; s"o #s/ d/F d/ ftfdnkoEh p/jZd ;jkJh j' ;ed/ jB.

B/sk ih ;[GkF uzdo p'; B/ gftZso gqfsfrnk eod/ j'J/ fJj th fejk;h fe @w?A oZp d/ BK #s/, phs u[ZehnK ghVQhnK, fiBQK B/ fe fjzd';skBhnK B{zfJe e"wh ;to{g fdZsk ns/ nkgD/ FjhdK s/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK, fiBQK B/ ;kB{z;{ophosk, nksw pbhdkB dh gqzgok fdZshl T[BQK ;G d/ Bkw #s/ d/F tk;hnKB{z gqD fdtk e/ tzrkodk jK fe fpqfNF ;kwoki d/ fybkc ;zxoF F[o{ eo'ns/ fJj ;zxoF T[d'A sZe j'Dk ukjhdk j?, id'A sZe s[;hA nzro/} ;kwoki B{zfjzd';skB dh Xosh s'A ysw Bk eo fdU.

fJ; soQK jh Fjhd/-nk}w ;qH Grs f;zx B/ th i;fN; fwvbNB d/;kjwD/ fpnkB ftu fJBebkp dk wsbp dZ;d/ j'J/ e"w B{z ;wMkfJnk;h fe fJBebkp dk gfjbk wzst sK nzro/} ;kwoki d/ r[bkwh d/ i{b/s'A Gkos B{z n}kd eotkT[Dk j?. fco n}kd Gkos bJh fJBebkp dknoE fJj j't/rk fe ;wki ftu tZX s'A tZX ;wkfie s/ nkofEe pokpohj't/, fiE/ fJe wB[Zy tb'A d{i/ wB[Zy d/ F'FD dh r[zikfJF jh Bk oj/.

;qH Grs f;zx s/ T[BQK d/ ;kEhnK dk ;zebg d/F d/ g[Bo-fBowkDbJh nfij/ fwjBseF ;wki dh f;oiDk ;h, fi; ftu yk; eoe/w}d{o s/ ekw/ torK B{z T[BQK dh fwjBs s/ ;Zuh-;[Zuh ewkJh dk :'rfJt}kBk fwb ;e/. nc;'; j? fe j[D nfij/ ;wki dk ;zebg FjhdhfdjkfVnK #s/ FjhdK gqsh M{mh-w{mh FoXk d/ e[ZM e[ fFnoK sZe jh

207

;hfws j' e/ j'Jh-phsh ejkDh pD u[ek j?.

;kvh fJ; e'Mh gqfefonk gqsh T[;skd FkfJo who tb'A ehskftnzrkswe ;[yB fJE/ fpbe[b Y[edk j?.

oZy/ ofjs/ j?A jkE fdb go n? who:jhA FkfJd fe j? ;G rw jwkok

fco f;sw sK fJj j? fe ;kv/ nkgD/ tb'A jh nkgD/ ;wki dhd[orsh j' ojh j? ns/ g?;/ d/ fGqFNkuko Bkb'A ;kvk wkBf;e pdfdnkBshe"w bJh fes/ tZX xkse ;kfps j' ojh j?. T[od{ d/ FkfJo ;"dk B/ fJ;d/ gqEkfJ fejk j? feL-

fdb e/ \\'b/ ib T[m/ firo eh nkr ;/fJ; xo e' nkr br rJh, xo e/ fuokr ;/

fJ; soQK jh nbkwk fJepkb B/ n}kdh s'A pknd d/F d/ Bt-fBowkD ;pzXh nkgDk fJe ydFk }kfjo ehsk ;h feL-

gfjb/ s' r[bkwh ek rw Ek, n}kd j{J/ s' :/ rw j?jo Fky g/ T[b{ ekp} j?, nzikw/ r[fb;sK e:k j'rk

fJ; dk ekoB fJj ;h fe id'A T[; tor/ ;wki fuzse B{z fJj Fej'Dk F[o{ j'fJnk fe ;kv/ nkgD/ jh b'e BthA-BthA fwbh n}kdh dkwsbp fJj ;wMD bZr/ jB fe j[D T[BQK B{z e'Jh uzrk-wkVk eoB d/ ;ko/jZe-je{e fwb rJ/ jB, go T[BQK dk Bk sK e'Jh e"wh s/ Bk jh e'JhfJybkeh co} j?. ;r'A fiZE'A sZe d/F s/ e"w gqsh co}K dk ;tkb j?.fJj d/y e/ fe j[D nZbk-nZbk ]?o-;Zbk tkbh rZb jh pDh j'Jh j? sK@nbkwk# d/ s's/ T[v rJ/ s/ fco T[; B/ fejk feL-

tsB eh f\eo eo BkdK w[;hps nkB/ tkbh j?s/oh popkdhUA e/ wFto/ j?A nk;wkB'A w/A

pfjojkb! j[D sK fJepkb tor/ ftukoe dh B;hjs B{z dor[}oeofdnK ;kB{z 64 ;kb j' rJ/ jB. j[D ;kv/ e"wh prhu/ dh jo Fky #s/T[Zb{ f;oc p?mk jh BjhA j?, ;r'A T[j pkr d/ cb th yokp eo fojk j?.fJj d/y e/ iBsk dh j'F d/ s's/ sK T[vd/ jB, go T[j T[Zb{ dk e[ZM BjhAftrkV ;edh. ;r'A b'eK dk id'A u'DK t/b/ BdhBK s/ c;b d/ xkse gfozd/

208

-gzShnK s'A e'Jh nkgDk e"wh s/ ;wkfie pkr-prhuk pukT[D dk t/bk jz[dkj? sK T[d'A b'e bzwhnK skD e/ ;"A iKd/ jB. fco id'A fes/ ;wkfie s/nkofEe y/so ftu iks-gks, Bkpokpoh s/ nkofEe gkV/ b'eK B{z dog/FnkT[Ad/ jB sK ;kv/ b'e wkVk-w'Nk j'F ftu nkT[Ad/ jB. go id'A fuVhnKy/s u[r ikD sK fgS'A gSskT[D dk eh bkG j?. dhge i?s'Jh th fJ; ;{os/jkb B{z j'o th :EkoEtkdh B}ohJ/ Bkb d/ydk j'fJnk efjzdk j? feL-

fJj oZp ikD/Al fwo/ r[bFB u'A p[bp[b T[Zv rJ/ feZE/fwo/ r[bFB #u ofj T[Zb{nK dhnK ;odkohnK rJhnK

fJBQK c[Zb-u'fDnK B/ wfje bZd/ cb pj[s s'V/jfoZe gzSh d/ u[D-u[D e/ r[b/bK wkohnK rJhnK.

p; iBsk fgSb/ 5-4 djkfenK s'A nkgDh jh e[skjh s/ rbsh d/yfwnk}/ ti'A T{b-ib{b BhshnK dk jBQ/ok Y'n e/ ihtB fBopkj eoB ftujh nkgDk ckfJdk ;wMdh ojh j?. fco fJ; s'A fJbktk fJe j'o thd[ydkJh rZb fJj j? fe n}kdh s'A 64 ;kb pknd ftfdnk dk ukBD d/Dd/ gZy'A th n;hA ikD-p[M e/ nzro/}K dh tkjh beho d/ ceho pD/ j'J/ jK.

;kvh n}kd j'Ad s/ y[dw[yfsnkoh dh Mbe wkso th ;kvh ftfdnegqDkbh ftu BjhA fd;dh. ;kv/ f;b/p;K ftu jkb/ B"itkBK B{z ;kv/ nwhofto;/ dhnK edoK-ehwsK s'A ikD{z eokT[D bJh n;hA ;/o o{z ftu'A fJe g{Dhth BjhA eZsh. e"w gqsh fJj ;kvh Bhns j? iK pdBhns j?. fJ; dk c?;bkeoBk e'Jh n"yh rZb BjhA j? feT[Afe n;hA gqsZy d/y oj/ jK fe ;kv/ xoKs'A b? e/ ;kv/ d/F sZe n;hA efjzd/ e[ZM jK s/ eod/ e[ZM j'o jK.

yk; s"o #s/ fJ; d/F ftu pkp/ BkBe d/ cb;c/ w[skfpe jZEhA feoseod/ nB/eK feoshnK dh jZe-;Zu dh ewkJh dk F'FD eo oj/ jK. ;kv/nZi d/ B/skrDK dh fJ; gqftosh pko/ gkfe;skB d/ FkfJo iwhbn}hwkpkdh dk fFno j? feL-

o{g fBokbk d/F-eEk ek, fe; go fe; ek ekp{G?A; ek wkfbe T[gb/ Ekg/, wkyB ykJ/ pkp{

fBo;zd/j ;kvhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK gqrsh s/ soZeh d/ BK #s/ ;kE'Afes/ nZr/ ik ojhnK jB. go eh fJj nc;'; dh rZb BjhA j? fe T[BQK

209

dh ftdtsk s/ ;woEk B{z d/F dhnK jZdK d/ nzdo e'Jh mkjo jh BjhA j?.fJ; bJh T[j wkdkgq;sh s/ wkfJnk dh d"V ftu nkgDh ekpbhns B{zftekT{ eoe/ ftd/FK Bz{ tjhoK xZs oj/ jB. r[bkwh e/tb oki ;Zsk jhBjhA fdzdh, ;r'A ;wkfie s/ nkofEe ftt;Ek ftu o'Nh-o'}h d/ t;hfbnKdh xkN th r[bkwh s/ w[Ekih dh wkBf;esk B{z iBw fdzdh j?.

19thA ;dh s'A jh o'Nh-o'}h d/ t;hfbnK dh xkN eoe/ gzikphnK B/nkgDk tsB SZvD s/ gqd/;K ftu t;/pk eoB dhnK ;phbK pDkJhnK.gzikphnK B/ nkofEe s/ ;wkfie r[bkwh s'A fBiks gkT[D bJh 7 ;w[zdoKdh d{oh B{z th B/V/ eo ftykfJnk. gzikph don;b f}zdrh d/ nkfFejB. fJj fiE/ th rJ/ jB, T[E/ fJBQK B/ nkgDk fJe tZyok jh ;torf;ofink j?.

p/FZe fJE/ fJj f}eo:'r j? fe pkti{d fJ; d/ fe gzikph rb'pb;fGnsk d/ Bkrfoe pD/ jB, go fJj nkgD/ ftbZyD gzikph ;[Gkn s/;fGnkuko d/ ekoB @ephb/ s/ gotkfoe ;fGnkuko# s'A gZbk BjhA S[vk;e/. ephbk ;fGnkuko tKr{z XV/pzdh ftu fiT{Dk, XV/ dh uVQs ns/fBZih soZeh gzikphnK dh fJe' jh ;w/A skes th j? s/ ew}'oh th j?. fJBQKftu fJj ew}'oh fJ; bJh j? fe fJj b'e e"wh s/ e"wKsoh gZXoK #s/ik e/ th id'A fes/ Gkosh ftukoXkok iK e"wh w[ZfdnK dh rZb nkT[Adh j?sK fJj fJ; ;pzXh nDfGZi/ fij/ @w;s-w"bk# pD/ ofjzd/ jB s/ e"whsoZeh s/ y[Fjkbh d/ w;fbnK ;pzXh frnkB-ftuko fJBQK d/ fgVQ gZb/BjhA g?Adk.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu n;hA nkgD/ nkg B{z T[Zuh-;[Zuh ihtB ;/X s/ nkgD/pZfunK B{z uzrh fdFk-dFk sK eh d/Dh ;h, ;r'A n;hA sK T[BQK dk d[fBnkthgZXo #s/ th wkor doFB eoB i'r/ BjhA oj/. fJBQK jkbksK ftu nZiB"itkB ghVQh ;kB{z nzfwqsk gqhsw d/ FpdK ftu @;{oi d/tsk p{j/ #s/ nkDY[ek, fe;/ feoB B/ Bk T[Zm e/ s/b u'fJnk, ;kv/ fJFe B/ fJe ;tkbgkfJnk, T[Zso Bk fe;/ oZp s'A d/D j'fJnk# tork ;tkb g[ZSdhnK jB.

fJ; gq;fEsh ftu ;kv/ nkr{nK d/ o{g ftu e'Jh oki;h s/ ;wkfieofjpo iK ;kfjs s/ ftfdnk d/ y/so ftu ofjB[wk d/ o{g ftu e'Jh;kfjs s/ nfXnkgB d/ wjKnukohnk BjhA fd;d/. fi; eoe/ ;kv/

210

wjKftfdnkfbnK s'A b? e/ ;e{b gZXo sZe ftfdnkoEhnK s/ B"itkBK dh:'r nrtkJh bJh id'A e'Jh b'VhAdh fjZb-i[Zb BjhA fd;dh sK fco ;kv/pZfunK dhnK ghVQhnK @nZi nkyK tkfo; Fkj Bz{ fes'A epoK ftu'A p'b,T[Zm feskp/ fJFe dk e'Jh nrbk toek c'b# fij/ eEB e{edhnkfd;dhnK jB.

fJ; gqEkfJ j[D n;hA ;ko/ wK-pkg, nfXnkge s/ e"w d/ fBrkjpkBnkr{ ;wM bJhJ/ fe fizBh d/o n;hA nkgD/-nkg B{z d/F s/ e"w dk ;peBjhA gVQkT[Ad/, T[Bh d/o e"wh gZXo #s/ ;kvh rsh BjhA j' ;edh. fizBhd/o n;hA nkgD/ pZfunK B{z xo s'A jh edoK-ehwsK s'A BjhA ikD{zeotkT[Ad/ ns/ nZr/ ;e{bK ftu w[ZYbh f;Zfynk ti'A T[BQK d/ f;b/p;K okjhAnkgD/ ;kfjs s/ yk; s"o #s/ n}kdh d/ ;zrokwK dk fJfsjk; BjhAgVQkT[Ad/, UBh d/o e'Jh rZb f;o/ BjhA uVQdh ikgdh.

fJE/ fJj rZb gZEo #s/ beho tKr nkgD/ wBK ftu t;kT[D dh b'Vj? fe fizBh d/o n;hA nkgDhnK nrbhnK ghVQhnK B{z nkgD/ nshs d/FkBkwZs/ fJfsjk; s/ nwho ;fGnkukoe fto;/ Bkb BjhA i'Vd/, T[Bhd/o n;hA e"w d/ uzr/ GftZy dh T[whd jh BjhA eo ;ed/. e'Jh FZe BjhAfe n;hA G"fse s/ gdkoEtkdh y/so ftu pj[s soZeh eo ;ed/ jK. gofizBh d/o n;hA nkgDhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK B{z B?fse edoK-ehwsKdh r[VQsh BjhA fdzd/ s/ T[BQK d/ nkuoD B{z okFNohnsk, d/F gq/w s/e"whns dh g[Zm BjhA fdzd/, UBh d/o fe;/ jkbs ftu th ;kv/ d/F s/ ;wkidh rsh BjhA j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fe;/ FkfJo B/ ;kv/ pZfunK d/ gqsheow s/ otZJhJ/;pzXh ;kB{z pj[s rzGho fusktBh Goh skVBk ehsh j? fe

ekN eo gzy p/]po ;:kd w[swJhB B j'o{j p[bp[b eh fJokdk oysh j? gotk} ek

fJ; bJh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB dh rZb j? fe fgSb/ 60 ;kb s'An}kdh s/ y[dw[yfsnkoh d/ pkti{d th e[M ;t?-;gFN ;[nkoEh ;'u d/ekoB n;hA nkgD/ ftfdne e'o; s/ f;b/p; BjhA pdb ;e/. nB/eKftfdnk ;[Xko efwFBK ns/ ew/NhnK d/ ;[MktK d/ pkti{d th rZb mzv/

211

p;s/ ftu gJh j'Jh j? feT[Afe ;kv/ B/sk b'eK B{z ps"b/pk}h dh w[jkosjkf;b j? s/ ;kB{z pks-ps"bhnK ;[DB dk F"e j?.

pZ; fJ; soQK ;kv/ who/-ekotK nkgD/ okiGkr dh tkoh d/ gzi ;kb@Uj rJ/-Uj rJ/# eoe/ gko iKd/ jB. fJj B/skrD nkgDk T[Zb{ f;ZXkeoB, nkgDhnK o'NhnK ;/eD s/ s'oh-c[bek ubkT[D bJh jh wFj{oBjhA jBl ;r'A j[D sK fJj @u'gVhnK s/ Bkb/ d'-d'# d/ nykD nB[;koSe-Sek eoB d/ th p/nzs wkfjo j' u[Ze/ jB. fJ; d/ T[bN n;hA thfJ; B{z oZp dk GkDk wzB e/ ne;o fJj efjzd/ jK fe pZ; pkfbnk d/yozr eosko d/l GkJh nkgK eh eo ;ed/ jK<

id'A fe fJ; ;zdoG ftu @;[bZyD ;ojZdh# ;kBz{ u/sktBh Goh ;'Mhd/ fojk j? fe ikBto th nkgDk jZe gSkDd/ jB, go nZi dk fJB;kBnkgD/ fiT[D d/ iwKdo{ jZe-je{e r[nk fojk j?. T[; dk efjDk j? feL-

fuVhnK e[Zs/ ekr th b?Ad/ jZe gSkDjZe r[nkT[Adk t/fynk d[BhnK ftu fJB;kB

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kv/ ni'e/ ;wki dh nfj;k;/-ewsoh Gkt jhDGktBk fJzBh tZX rJh j? fe n;hA jZeK bJh bVB-woB dh rZb sK d{oojhl ;r'A iwj{oh s"o #s/ nkgD/ jZe wzrD dh i[nos th BjhA eod/.fco ;r'A fJj t/yD Bz{ fwbdk j? fe n;hA nkgDh nDj'Dh-j'Dh d/ w{edoFe jh pD u[e/ jK. go ftyktk fJj eod/ jK fe pZ; nkgK sK w"iftu jK. fJj ;{os/ jkb e[M fJT[A fij/ pDh j'Jh j? fe fit/A fe;/ dhdkb v[bQ ikt/ sK T[j efj fojk j't/ fe ub' uzrk j'fJnk j[D dkb mkoe/ jh yktKr/. ;kv/ ;G d/ ;[Gk dh fJ; ykwh dh soiwkBh fe;/ fuzseB/ fJT[A ehsh j? feL-

jw njb/-raw B/ eb go Nkb oZyk j? ofjws/ jZe e'y[b/ E/ ][bd e/ do sphns go sphns jh Bk Eh ngBh

fJ; bJh j[D ntkw bJh fBjkfJs }o{oh j' frnk j? fe fJBQK d/tknfdnK Go/ u'D wB'oE gsoK ftu nkgDhnK nrbhnK ghVQhnK d/ uzr/ftfdne GftZy bJh ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; B{z w[V soshp dk fwshpZXgq'rokw Fkfwb eokfJnk ikt/. ;r'A fJ; s'A th }o{oh j? fe fJe ;kb

212

d/ nzdo-nzdo ;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K d/ f;b/p;K ftu ;kvhnK nwho;fGnkukoe edoK-ehwsK #s/ nXkfos gkmeqw Fkfwb eoB dk gq:'iBehsk ikt/. BjhA sK, ;kB{z ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe i/ ;kv/ B"itkB j[Ddh soQK jh fdFkjhD j' e/ ;kv/ ;wkfie gqubD dhnK fGqFNkukoh ykwhnKdh wko ;fjzd/ oj/ sK T[j ;wK d{o BjhA, id'A fe T[j nkgDh wzf}b d/nfij/ w[ekw nkg jh Gkb b?Dr/, i' fe ;kB{z ok; Bk nkT[D.

fJ; tk;s/ fJj rZb pVh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB tkbh j? fe id'AfGqFNkuko, F'FD s/ p/o[}rkoh fijhnK ;kvhnK ;wkfie s/ nkofEeew}'ohnK d/ ekoB ;kvhnK fJBQK B"itkB ghVQhnK B{z nkgDh f}zdrh d/pDd/ w[ekwK dk o;sk nfijhnK n"yK s/ n"eVK dh xkNh ftu'A bGDkfgnk sK ;kB{z ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe fJj ;wK ;kv/ bJh ;[yktK BjhAj't/rkl ;r'A fJj o;sk fe;/ y{Bh fJBebkp tZb B{z iKdk j't/rk. id'A fepj[s jh ;wMD s/ ftukoB tkbh rZb fJj j? fe n}kdh s'A c"oB pkndjh d/F d/ oki Gkr s/ okikFkjh fB}kw dh szso-wzso ejkT[AdhgqFk;fBe gqDkbh B{z e[ZN wko tkbh gqDkbh s'A pdb e/ b'eszsoh gqDkbhnB[;ko ;jh o{g ftu ;wki ;/tk s/ b'e GbkJh ftu pdbD dh b'V ;h.

T[Xo fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJj th nfsnzs }o{oh ;h fe n;hA nkgD/ftfdne e'o;K s/ f;b/p;K okjhA nkgDhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK B{znkgD/ nwho ;zxoFh s/ e[opkBhnK Goh ;fGnkukfoe ftok;s s'A ikD{zeotkT[Ad/, go n;hA ikDp[M e/ nkgD/ ;[nkoEK eoe/ fJj BjhA ehsk.

;r'A fit/A ep{so fpZbh B{z d/y e/ nZyK whu b?Adk j? s/ ;wMdk j? fefpZbh d{o j? s/ n"bh NbQh j'Jh j?, T[; soQK jh n;hA d/F s/ e"w d/ ;kjwD/yVQ/ nfjw w[ZfdnK B{z nZy go'y/ ehsk j'fJnk j?. j[D sZe th ;ko/ jwksVokiBhfse s/ gqFk;fBe nj[d/dko eEBh ftu sK nkgD/-nkg B{z b'e;/te ejkT[Ad/ jB go id'A eoBh dh rZb nkT[Adh j? sK jw/FK nkw b'ejh nj[d/dkoK d/ ;/te s/ B"eo B}o nkT[Ad/ jB.

id'A fe ukjhdk sK fJj ;h fe n}kd w[beK dhnK n}kd e"wK tKr n;hAth nkgDh j'Ad-j;sh, ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko dk wkD-;t?wkDwkDd/ j'J/ nkgDhnK T[ZuhnK-;[ZuhnK B?fse edoK-ehwsK nB[;ko d/F dkg[Bo-fBowkD eod/. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s'A n;hA e"wh f;oiDk,

213

B?fse edoK-ehwsK s/ ;opz;dkB sZe d/ sZg-fsnkr dk ;pe f;Zyd/.fw;kb ti'A g{oB ;toki dh wzr eoB ;w/A ;zB 1929 ftu bkj"onfXt/FB d/ ;w/A ;tkwh ftt/ekBzd d/ ftukoK dk ;jkok b? e/ gzfvs wdBw'jB wkbthnk tor/ w'Yh B/sktK B/ e"w B{z fJe tZvh gq/oDk fdZsh ;h.

;tkwh ftt/ekBzd dk ftuko ;h fe g{oB ;toki dh wzr eoB s'AgfjbK ;kB{z xo-xo ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx tork ;opz;dkBh s/ ;{opho :'Xkg?dk eoBk gt/rk. ;tkwh ih B/ ;kvk fXnkB fJ; rZb tZb th fdtkfJnk;h fe fJj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih jh ;B, i' fe nkgDk ;G e[ZM e"w s'AfBSkto eoB T[gozs T[BQK dk ;kE Bk d/D tkb/ b'eK B{z fJe th Fpd wzdkp'bD d/ pr?o u[Zg-ukg BKd/V s/ fco ;Zuyzv rwB eo rJ/ ;B.

fJj w/ok fBZih f]nkb jh BjhA, ;r'A fJe nehdk j? fe ekF! ;kv/d/F dk pZuk-p[ZYk, B"itkB s/ Bo-Bkoh xZN'-xZN ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx;kfjp pko/ i' nkoB"bv N[nkfJBph B/ fbfynk j?, T[; s'A tkfec j';edk j?. d[BhnK dk fJfsjk; fbyD tkb/ fJ; fJfsjk;eko B/ r[o{;kfjp pko/ pj[s e[ZM fbyd/ j'J/, fJE/ nk e/ rZb w[ekJh j? fe T[BQKtorh wjkB Fy;hns d[BhnK d/ fJfsjk; ftu Bk nkJh j? s/ Bk jh ed/nkT[D dh e'Jh ;zGktBk j?.

fco ni'e/ ;w/A ftu ;kB{z nkgD/ d/F d/ o'b wkvb ti'A B/sk ih ;[GkFuzdo p'; B{z T[BQK d/ ihtB s/ cb;c/ ;dek ngDkT[Dk ukjhdk ;h. d/FGrsh s/ d/F fgnko d/ ;pe s'A fJbktk fizBK e[ZM Gkos d/ Bt-fBowkDbJh nfs b'VhAdk ;h, T[j ;G frnkB-ftXkB ;kB{z B/sk ih dh f;Zfynks'A fwb ;edh ;h. fco ;kB{z n}kdh d/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK s/ Fjhd/-nk}w;qH Grs f;zx s/ T[BQK tor/ nB/eK e[opkBh d/ g[ziK s/ n}kdh d/ gqtkfBnKs'A d/F fgnko dk ;pe b?D dh b'V ;h. FjhdK d/ fJ; ;pe B{z fconkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK sZe gj[zukT[D bJh;G s'A tZvh b'V fJj ;h fe n;hA T[BQK Gkos d/ wjkB ;g{sK d/ ihtB s/T[BQK d/ cb;c/ B{z feskpK s/ f;b/p;K okjhA ;e{bK s'A :{Bhtof;NhnK sZepZfunK B{z w[jZJhnk eotkT[Ad/, go n;hA fJj ;G e[ZM BjhA eo ;e/.

;kB{z ukjhdk ;h fe n;hA d/F dhnK ;wkfie s/ nkofEe BhshnK s/;ehwK xVB ;w/A Fjhd/-nk}w ;qH Grs f;zx s/ T[BQK dh gkoNh tb'A fdZs/

214

fJBebkp d/ wzst s/ wkfJfBnK B{z nkgD/ ekB{zB-ftXkB ftu Fkwbeod/. fJ; soQK d/ F'FD ofjs noEuko/ tkb/ ;wki d/ fBowkD tk;s/;kB{z Fjhd Grs f;zx tor/ wjkB b'eK B{z nkgDk o'b wkvb pDkT[Dkukjhdk ;h. go fJj ;G e[ZM Bk n;hA eo ;e/ jK s/ Bk jh j[DnfijhnK ;wkitkdh NkjoK wkoB d/ pkti{d th brdk BjhA fe ni/ thn;hA d/F d/ dog/F nfjw w;fbnK pko/ e'Jh f}nkdk ;zihdk jK.

]?o! nfij/ ncok-scoh s/ y'j-fyzM d/ jkbksK ftu ed/ Bk ed/ sKfe;/ tZv/ ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse pdbkn d/ o{g ftu e'Jh Bk e'JhfJBebkp sK nkT[Adk jh j?. efjzd/ jB fe nZs s/ y[dk dk w[ZY s'A jh t?oj?. fJ; bJh id'A-id'A e'Jh ;wkfie iK nkofEe ;zs[bB ftrVdk j? sKe[M e[dosh s/ e[M ;wkfie skesK ibt/ fdyk fdzdhnK jB. fiE'A sZe;kv/ ;wkfie ihtB dhnK wkVhnK nkdsK dh rZb j? fJ; pko/ fejkfrnk j? fe wZSh ne;o gZEo uZN e/ w[Vdh j?. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j?fe wZSh gkDh s'A pkjo feBko/ #s/ gJ/ gZEo uZND nkT[Adh j?. go fcogkDh s'A fpBK id'A wZSh B{z sVcDk-GNeDk brdh j? sK wip{oh-tZ; T[jtkg; gkDhnK B{z w[Vdh j?. w[jzwd fJepkb B/ nfij/ jkbksK pko/ jhfejk j?

nzX/o'A e/ w[ekfpb nk\skp nkfJnk jh eosk j?pFo p?u/B j' s' fJBebkp nkfJnk jh eosk j?

p; :ehB jh BjhA nk fojk fe ;kok d/F eh itkB s/ eh p[ZYk ns/fco eh rohp s/ eh nwho ;G jh @nzBk j}ko/-nkr/ pV'Q, jw s[wkoQ/ ;kEj?A# dk eosb-Bkd eod/ j'J/ fdZbh B{z tjhoK xZs s[o/ jB. fGqFNkuko,p/o[}rkoh s/ wfjzrkJh torh d[jkJh s/ uhe-g[eko sK rkj/-prkj/ fdZbhdopko dhnK ;ojZdK Bkb NeokT[Adh s/ tkg; w[Vdh sK ne;o jh nkgKd/yd/ oj/ jK. go fJ; tko i' ibtk-ib"n j'fJnk T[; B{z d/y e/fJspko fijk BjhA nkT[Adk fe d/F dh iBsk tkfenk jh fJzBh Goh-ghshgJh j? fe T[j je{ws Bkb NZeo b?D bJh fsnko-po-fsnko j?. nkwb'eK dk th ftuko j? fe nzBk j}ko/ Bz{ y[d th fJj gsk BjhA j'Dk feT[; p[ZY/-izrh x'V/ d/ fgZS/ fJzBh tZvh b'e ;?Bk w?dkB ftu T[so nkJ/rh.

fJ; gq;zr ftu d{ih ;z;ko izr ;w/A B/sk ih ;[GkF uzdo p'; tZb'A 4

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cotoh, 1944 B{z n}kd fjzd c"i B{z fdZsh djkV o{gh bbeko @@ub'fdZbhL fdZbh ub'## okjhA fJzckb s'A fdZbh tZb e{u eoB dk j[ew j'fJnk;h. B/sk ih B/ @fdZbh ub'# fJ; bJh fejk ;h feT[Afe fdZbh ubD dkwsbp fJj ;h fe fJj o;sk Gkos dh n}kdh tZb B{z iKdk ;h. B/skih ;[GkF uzdo B/ fJj th fejk ;h fe fjzd';skB dh n}kdh tk;s/ fJjnyhobh izr F[o{ j' u[Zeh j?. d[FwD th ew}'o BjhA s/ Bk jh d[FwD B{zew}'o ;wfMnk ikDk ukjhdk j?. go fJj w/ok fdqVQ ftFtkF j? fenyho fiZs Gkosh ntkw dh j't/rh. G?D' s/ Gokt'! nkT[D tkbhnK B;bKs[jkBz{ :kd efonk eoBrhnK. wzBD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe B/sk ih dhfJ; n}kdh dh tzrko s'A pknd nzBk j}ko/ dh fGqFNkuko d/ fto[X d/Ftk;hnK bJh fJj ;G s'A tZvh tzrko f;ZX j'Jh j?.

p/FZe fJ; soQK dh tzrko fJe tko gfjbK th ;zB 1975 ftu b'eBkfJe i?gqekF BkokfJD B/ d/F dh iBsk B{z ;wkfie ;[XkoK tk;s/ gkJh;h. dZf;nk iKdk j? fe T[; ;w/A fJe jVQ d/ o{g ftu fJe bZy d/ eohpb'eK dk fJeZm f;o uVQ e/ p'fbnk ;h. go T[j bfjo th j[D fizBhshporsh s/ s/} gqGkth ;kfps BjhA j'Jh ;h. j[D sK nzBk j}ko/ dhtdkD dh ;ZN torh fGqFkNkuko fto[ZX tzrko bZyK-eo'VK Gkos tk;hnKdh @b'e u/sBk# B{z T[xkVD s/ T[ikro eoB ftu p/nzs ;cb j'Jh j?.fJE'A se fe ntkw dh fJj ntk} ;[Bkwh torh b'e bfjo pD e/ w"e/dh ;oeko B{z th v'p{ eo rJh j?.

fjzd';skB d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJj th d/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe id'A ;Ge[M pj[s jh wkVk j[zdk fojk j? sK thA fit/A efjzd/ jB fe fe;/ uzrh uh}dk phi BkF BjhA j[zdk, fpbe[b T[; soQK jh e'Jh Bk e'Jh nk; dh feoBs/ ihtB dh fuDr Gydh ojh j?. ;kvh fcsos d/ ftu ekch n"r[DK d/pkti{d th fJe uzrh rZb fJj j? fe id'A d/F s/ e"w B{z e'Jh GhV pDdhj? sK eFN t/b/ b'e J/esk s/ fJeZm dk gqrNktk eod/ jB. fw;kb ti'Aid'A uhB iK gkfe;skB tZb'A ed/ jwbk j'fJnk j? sK b'eK B/ nzB Gzvkos/ XzB Gzvko fJeZm/ eoe/ ;ojZdK sZe ik e/ Gkosh c"ihnK d/ Bkb w'Y/Bkb w'Yk vkfjnk j?.

go ;kvh e"w dh wkVh gqftosh fJj j? fe n;hA @i[zwk-i[zwk nZm#

216

Gkt F[Zeotko s'A F[Zeotko sZe f;oc nZm fdB iK tZX s'A tZX wjhBk-yzv jh e'Jh B/e s/ uzrk ezw eo ;ed/ jK. fJ; s'A pknd jwk:{z tKr@uko fdB eh uKdBh s/ fco nzX/oh oks# dk nkbw ;kv/ #s/ skoh j' iKdkj?. w/o/ fynkb ftu ;kB{z ;kvh fJj gqftosh dh ;G s'A tXhnk fw;kbpkdFkj jwk:{z d/ ihtB s'A fwbdh j?. T[j pj[s jh ftdtkB, s/ pjkdopzdk ;h. id'A T[; d/ fybkc F/oFkj ;{oh tor/ iKpk} dh e'Jh w[fjzwuVQdh sK jwk:{z dk fJe'-fJe T[d/F s/ Bknok @:brko j'# j[zdk ;h.w[fjzw d/ c"oB pknd T[; dk fco fJe' jh Bknok @iFB j'# pD iKdk;h. fJBQK iFBK ftu sK pkdFkj ;bkws fco gjkVK B{z uVQ iKdk ;h.e[M nfijh fcsos ;kvh ;w[Zuh e"w dh th j?. n;hA n}kdh pVh w[FfebBkb gqkgs ehsh j?, go j[D n?F'-fJFos s/ ;[Zy-nkBzd ftu n;hA g{ohsoQK bhB j' rJ/ jK.

;dhnK s'A uZbh nk ojh b'e f;nkDg @jwkw w/A jw ;G Bzr/ j?A# d/pkti{d th n;hA ;ko/ uzr/-wkV/ s/ Gb/-p[o/ B/sk s/ gpfbe ns/ ;G B"eos/ wkfbe, rZb eh, ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ fGqFNkuko s/ ekb/ XB d/ fto[ZX p'b oj/jK. @B:k d"o# fcbw ftu ikBhtkeo dh uzgh-s/b wkfbF d/ ftfynkBtKr{z j[D FkfJo who d/ w[skfpe n;hA ;G fJwkBdkoh s/ fdnkBsdkohd/ ftfynkB fJT[A MkV oj/ jK fe-

sVg/ ejhA Gh e'Jh sVgs/ j?A jw who;ko/ ijK ek dod jwko/ firo w/A j?

go seohpB-seohpB ;kvh ;G dh nzdo'A-nzdohA jkbs @fyf;nkBhfpZbh yzGk B'u/# tkbh j?. ]?o! F[eo j? fe @d/o nkJ/ do[;s nkJ/#nB[;ko ni/ th @v[Zb/Q/ p/o# fJeZm/ eoB d/ T[gokb/ ti'A n;hA 39 ;kbpknd b'egkb fpZb dk w;"dk fsnko eoe/ Gkosh ntkw dh ntk} B{zd/F dh ;otT[Zu ftXkB gkfbek Gkt b'e ;Gk ftu g/F eoB dk ;zebgb? fbnk j?.

go ;kvh Bhns ns/ BhshnK ftu y'N s/ wkBf;e pdfdnkBsh d/wZd/B}o wfjbk nfXeko fpZb, wfjbk nkoeFD fpZb s/ wfjbk;FesheoD fpZb s/ e[ZM e[ j'o fpZbK dh bNe-bwek nt;Ek d/y e/fJj wzBD dk j";bk jh BjhA g? fojk fe Bkpo s/ ;es/ nkr{ ed/ b'egkb

217

fpZb d/ B/e ;zebg B{z ;[Zyh ;Kdh f;o/ th uVQB d/Dr/. e[ZM e[ fdB d/ i'F'-yo'F s'A pknd j[D ekch b'e fJj d[fuZsh fijh ftu gJ/ brd/ jB fetZv/ s/ XBkY b'e FkfJd jh nkgDk fYZv Bzrk eoB s/ fco T[; s'A thnZr/ nkgD/ jh g?o e[jkVh wkoB tork fJj fpZb gk; th j'D d/D. fJ;bJh ukj d/ eZg s'A p[ZbQK dk ck;bk nzro/}h d/ wjkB eth ehN; d/@rq/FhnB noB# tKr{z nBzs jh pfDnk brdk j?. fco i/ fes/ @u'o dhwK e'mh ftu w{zj# d/ nykD nB[;ko fJj fpZb UgB t'N dh EK ;heq/Np?b/N d/ nfVZe/ uVQ frnk sK ;wM' fe fJ; fpZb dh Go{D jZfsnk jh j'ikt/rh. nkw f;nkD/ b'eK dk fynkb j? fe gzikph d/ nykD @Bzr g[Zsu'oK Bkb y/v/# w[skfpe b'egkb fpZb gk; eotkT[D tkb/ s/ gk; eoBtkb/ p; fJeZm/ jh y/vd/ fd;Dr/.

fJ; soQK }kfjo j? fe i/ b'e ;Gk ftu fJ; b'egkb fpZb #s/b'eszsoh rd"Vk fco frnk sK @fpZb d/ yoV/-w;"d/# B{z @t'N gouh# jhe[ZN d/t/rh. fJj fpbe[b fJ; soQK jh j't/rk fe fit/A ;kv/ fB}kw ftuskF dh y/v tKr fJe ozr dh d[Zeh jh ;ko/ pdozr p/rah-pkdFkjK B{z e[ZNfdzdh j?. pZ; fJT[A fJE/ ;kv/ d/F ftu ne;o jh dkVQh Bkb'A w[ZSK tXDtorh nDj'Dh tkgodh j?. fBo;zd/j fe;/ FkfJo d/ nB[;ko gfjbK jh;kv/ d/F dk ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ eko-ftjko s/ gqubD fJT[A pfDnk j'fJnk j?fe fit/AL-

ezX'A g/ j? iBk}k s' w[be/-ndw w/A o{je';'A pVQk j{nk j? fgnkdk ;tko ;/

c/o iowB fcbk;co fBsF/ d/ fdZs/ @;w/A d/ f;XKs# dh g?dktkonzBk j}ko/ B{z th nkgD/ nkb/-d[nkb/ d/ b'eK s/ jkbksK s'A ;[u/s ofjDkgt/rk. fBsF/ dh XkoBk j? fe @NkJhw ;fgoN# fJe nfijh d?th Feshj? fe nkdw}ks ftu ;w/A-;w/A wB[ZyK ftu gqrN j[zdh ofjzdh j?. ;'! fJ;bJh ikgdk j? fe j[D nzBk j}ko/ d/ Bkb NkJhw ;fgoN j?. fi; ;dekfJe dw eJh ;kbK s'A pknd phs/ eZbQ dk @fejVk nzBk# j[D ;ko/ d/Fdk @fgnkok w;hjk nzBk# pD frnk j?. go nzBk B{z fJj th ;wM b?Dkukjhdk j? fe d[BhnK B/ nkgD/ jh w;hj/ s/ wB;{o ;{bh uVQkJ/ jB. fcofJ; d[BhnK B/ jh ;Zu/ cK;h uVQd/ d/y/ s/ M{m/ w"i T[vkT[Ad/ d/y/ jB. fcofJ; gq;zr ftu ;efsnK B/ jh ;[eoks B{z jh }fjo fgnkb/ fgnkJ/ jB.

218

e'Jh pj[s ;w/A dh rZb BjhA fe ;kv/ g[oy/ eEBh s/ eoBh d/ g{o/ j[zd/;B. fJ; bJh T[BQK d/ @p'b g{o/# j[zd/ ;B. T[BQK d/ tuBK ftu skes j[zdh;h, go j[D sK M{m/ dh jh s{sh p'bdh j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe ;kv/tv/o/ ;dkukfoe T{u-Bhu dk coe ;wMd/ ;B. e'Jh 60-70 ;kb dhrZb jh j? fe ukb-uZbD d/ gZy'A uzr/ nkuoD s/ ;dkukfoe ihtB d/XkoBhnK d/ T[bN pdubD pzfdnK dk coe gqsZy j[zdk ;h. fJ; bJh jhfejk iKdk ;h fe @w'oh dh fJZN u[pko/ B{z BjhA brdh#. fJ; dk Gkt fJj;h fe fBwB ;'u dk pzdk T[Zuh ;'u d/ pzd/ Bkb w/b BjhA ;h yKdk. y?o!j[D sK nkuoD d/ gZy'A seohpB ;ko/ ;wki dh jkbs fJj j' rJh j? ferzih BjkJ/ eh s/ fBu'V/ ehl Gkt j[D ;kv/ ;wki ftu B?fse edoK-ehwsK d/ gZy'A ;kv/ e[ZM fgV-gZb/ jh BjhA ofj frnk.

jkb/ eZbQ jh ;kvk wep{b rkfJe jz; oki jz; w?B{z ;wki dhnK froojhnK edoK-ehwsK gqsh nkgD/ frb/-fFet/ ;[Dk fojk ;h. @jz;# dkefjDk ;h fe j[D d[BhnK fJzBh, p/w[oZts s/ e[oZys j' rJh j? fe fijV/f;nk;h pzfdnK B/ T[; B{z nkgDh gkoNh ftu Fkwb eoB bJh c/ohnKgk e/ T[; dk ftjVk BhtK eo oZfynk ;h, T[j j[D T[; d/ Ffjo sKnkT[Ad/ jB, go T[; dh rbh ftu'A BjhA bzxd/. fco fiBQK d';sK dh yksoT[; B/ seohpB nkgDk ;G e[ZM tko fdZsk, T[j jh j[D T[; d/ wkV/ fdBKftu ;kE BjhA d/ oj/.

w?A T[; B{z ;bkj wkso fJe wFtok fdZsk fe w/o/ tho s/o/ rkT[DdhnK e?f;NK sK fJ; d[BhnK d/ ;N{vhU} ftu GohnK iKdhnK jB s/w/o/-s/o/ tor/ eo'VK pzfdnK d/ ihtB dhnK e?f;NK oZp d/ dopko ftuGohnK iKdhnK jB, fJ; eoe/ ;G e[ZM wB[Zyh ihtB d/ G[rskB ti'A j'fojk j?. fJ; tk;s/ d[BhnKdkoK gqsh nkgD/ fizB/ th r[Z;/ frb/ xZN eo;e', T[BK jh uzrk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ :kd nkfJnk fe id'A w?A :{Bhtof;Nh#u gVQdk j[zdk ;h sK w/ok fwZso @gkF wkB# wjkswk p[ZX d/ cb;c/ dhfJe pVh gqufbs s[e p'bdk j[zdk ;h fe p[ZX B/ fejk j? fe @@n?e;g?eNB"N, roht B"N## Gkt fe;/ s'A T[whd Bk oZy' s/ fco s[;hA ed/ T[dk; BjhAj't'r/. w?A th wjkswk p[ZX dk fJ; rZb'A T[gkFe jK fe T[; B/ wB[Zysk B{zihtB iku ti'A ftuekobk o;sk u[DB dh B;hjs ehsh j?, fi; dk

219

wsbp fJj j? fe s[;hA tkX{ fJZSktK Bk oZy' ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh f}zdrhd/ b'G bkbuK B{z nkgD/ ekp{ ftu oZy'.

w?A jz; Bkb rZb eo fojk ;h fe p/FZe fJ; gqEkfJ d[BhnK sK ;Zuw[Zujh fJzBh y[dro} j' rJh j? fe fe; b'Vtzd dk nkgD/ sZe c"j jh BjhAg?D fdzdh. fJ; gqEkfJ nZi ;kv/ b'e wok;h tKr{z fgzv/ B{z s/b wbh fcod/jB ns/ c/o j'o th nb'ekoh dh rZb j? fe nwho b'e b'Vtzd dk MZrk sKGkt/A b[jk b?D, go nkgD/ fgzv/ dh i{z th fpBK wsbp BjhA fdzd/.

w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe @d[FwD pks eo/ nDj'Dh# th fJ; d[BhnK dhjh fJe Xoksbh ;ZukJh j? fe fi; d/ sfjs ;w/A-;w/A dhnK skesK B/jw/Fk jh Bth ;'u s/ BthA ftukoXkok B{z iBw s'A gfjbK jh wkoB bJhsoQK-soQK d/ jfEnko s/ jZEezv/ tos/ jB. fJ; bJh pj[s jh ;zihdrhBkb ftukoB dh b'V j? fe ;kv/ fijV/ f;nk;h nkek s/ nkr{nK B/ nkgD/fBZi ;[nkoE eoe/ b'G s/ bkG dh g{osh bJh b'eszso s'A oki szso tZbB{z d/F dh f;nk;s w'Vh j?, eh fJj j[D nkgD/ fBZi ;[nkoE B{z SZv e/go-;[nkoE, d/F-Grsh s/ b'e ;/tk dh bhj #s/ nk ikDr/<

nzBk B{z th d/yDk gt/rk fe id'A B/e ;zebg ed/ fe;/ ;w/A b'ebfjoK ftu spdhb j[zd/ jB sK fe;/ sB}hw s/ soshp Gkt ;zrmB s/oDBhsh dh b'V g?Adh j?. fco nfij/ cb;c/ s/ nc;kfBnK B{z sewhb d/e/ nzikw sZe gj[zukT[D bJh iE/pzdh dh b'V g?Adh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkbjh gfjbK s'A ;orow iE/pzdhnK Bkb nk i[VdhnK jB s/ Bt/A ;wheoDpDd/ jB.

fco ;kv/ w[be ftu yk; s"o #s/ gfjbK sK nkgDh iE/pzdh ftu s/fco Bt-;zrfms iE/pzdhnK dh gqXkBrh s/ nj[d/dkoh dk okw-o"bk g?Adkj?. fco fJ; s'A fes/ tZX ny"sh u"Xo s/ iBsk s'A @tkj-tkj# yZND bJhnkg'-nkgDh ftdtsk d/ tfynkB j[zd/ jB. e'Jh tZvh rZb BjhA fefezBhnK jh gkoNhnK, iE/pzdhnK s/ j'o fezB/ ftnesh fJj th dkntkeoB fe fJ; ftukoXkok B{z sK nzBk j}ko/ s'A fes/ gfjbK T[BQK B/ iBwfdZsk ;h iK fJ; B{z nwbh o{g fdZsk ;h. ;' fJ; soQK fJBQK ny"shpkfpnK s/ wjKg[oyK d/ fJBQK tfynkBK-c[owkBK ftu'A f;jswzd nb'uBkd/ Bkw #s/ tZv/-tZv/ wsG/d T[God/ jB. nyho ftu fJj ;o;oh fij/

220

wsG/d nZr/ uZb e/ fmZph wkoB s/ NzrVh fyZuD tor/ ftFtk;xkshjZEezv/ th pD ;ed/ jB. don;b rZb sK fJj j? fe @fiZs d/ ;" g[Zs#j[zd/ jB s/ jko ;w/A g[Zs sK ehl ;r'A s[jkvk goSktK th ;kE BjhA fdzdk.

fco fJj th ;wMD dh b'V j? fe oki;Zsk s/ oki gqpzX ubkT[D dknkgDk ftXh-ftXkB j[zdk j? s/ nfXnkswetkd s/ nkdoFtkd fpbe[bjh j'o T[Zu wzvbK dh rZb j?. n;hA id'A nwbh ihtB dh rZb eod/ jKs/ e'Jh rZb ;kv/ co}K iK ;kvh eoBh #s/ nkT[Adh j? sK ne;o jhnkdoFtkd fgZS/ ofj iKdk j?. fco fJ; jkbks ftu @fJzBk ;Zu Bk p'bfe fJeZbk ofj ikt/A, uko e[ pzd/ oZy b? w'Yk d/D B{z# tkbh rZb fdb-wB B{z iudh j?. fco fJ; s'A pknd oki;Zsk sK eh ;r'A nkgD/ thnkgDh-nkgDh v\bh tikT[D brd/ jB.

fco fJe nfijk th nkbw nkT[Adk j? fe id'A fJj ;wM nkT[Adh j?fe ekB{zB d/ jZE bzw/ j'D iK Bk go ;oekoK dh B}o pj[s bzwh s/ d{osZe j[zdh j?. seohpB jo fJe T[ZGod/ pzd/ s/ yk; s"o #s/ B[eskuhBpzfdnK dhnK ekor[}kohnK d/ eZu/ fuZm/ gqFk;B e'b j[zd/ jB. id'A T[jfuZm/ T[ZxVd/ jB sK pzd/ B{z GwZsoh fijh bZr iKdh j? fe B/e nkdoFKs/ ;zebgK dh g{osh s/ fco T[BQK T[s/ gfjok d/D tkbh Nhw feZE'A fbnKdhikt/< w/ok fynkb j? fe nfijk e[M fJBQK fdBK ftu tkgoBk F[o{ j'frnk j?, i' fe ;kB{z fco fJe tko fEVek e/ n"MV okj gkT[D dhfcoke ftu j?. fJ; bJh nzBk j}ko/ Bz{ nkgDh iZE/pzdh dh GzB-xVeoB ;w/A fJj fynkb oyDk gt/rk fe fJ; w[be ftu @nZbk pukJ/ fJBfwjopkB'A ;/# nB[;ko nkgD/ ny"sh fwjopkBK s'A th gZbk p'uDk gt/rk.nfij/ @prb w/A S[oh w{zj w/A okw-okw# efjD tkb/ prbk-GrsK Bz{ jhd/y e/ fe;/ FkfJo B/ fejk ;h.

p[fBnkd e/ gZEo d';s jh b/ ikJ/Ar/ fepbk Ffjo w/A xo pBk e/ s' d/yhJ/

fJ; soQK dh Fohe/pk}h pko/ efjzd/ jB fe e'Jh e[Zsk sK rzrk Bjknkt/, go T[; dk Fohek T[; B{z jfod[nko gj[zuD jh BjhA fdzdk. fJ;;pzXh fJe b'e-ejkDh gquZfbs j? fe fe;/ e[Zs/ B{z rzrk BjkT[D dkgofwN fwb frnk. id'A T[j shoE eoB fBefbnk sK T[; s'A gofwN

221

y'jD bJh T[; B{z nrb/ fgzv d/ e[ZfsnK B/ x/o fbnk. T[BQK s'A T[j w;KikB puk e/ GZfink. fJ; soQK jh T[; B{z fgzv'-fgzv T[; dk Fohekfwbdk frnk s/ jo fgzv tkfbnK B/ T[; Bkb fJj' fijh jh Gbh r[}koh.nyho id'A T[j nZbk-p/bh fe;/ sD-gZsD #s/ gj[zfunk sK T[; B{z gskbZfrnk fe fJj g{op ftu trdh rzrk BjhA, ;r'A gZSw ftu gkfe;skBB{z iKdk ;/w Bkbk j?. ;' fJ; soQK B/e ;zebgK s/ B/e fJokfdnK B{z f;o/ukVQB sZe pj[s jh u"e; s/ ;soe ofjD dh b'V j?. ;r'A w?A sK ;wMdkjK fe ;kv/ B/e wB;{fpnK dk ][dk nkg jh fBrkjpkB j't/ ns/ tkfjr[o{;kvhnK B /e y[nkfJFK s/ e "wh nkF /-wBfFnK #s / nkg jh@Fjhdh gfjo/# bkt/.

;' ed/-ed/ fJj fceo tkbh rZb pDdh j?. fco soQK-soQK d/ fynkbnkT[Ad/ jB fe fJBQK jkbsK ftu @eh pD{z b'egkb fpZb dk pZ; nZbk-tkfjr[o{jh ikD/#. fco fJj th ;'u T[Godh j? fe w/o/-s/o/ tor/ pzd/ fijV/ fJjth BjhA ikDd/ fe @vZvK fejV/ t/b/ gkDh ghAdhnK jB#, T[j w[be s/ gqKsKd/ w;b/ eh ikBD< y?o! ub', @x[Zrh eh ikD/ ;fsr[o dhnK pksK# nB[;kod/yh uZb' ozr eosko d/ fe nZr/ eh GkDk tosdk j?<

pZ; oZp y?o-fwjo oZy/ s/ fJj b'egkb fpZb gk; j' ikt/. go fcofdb B{z fJj X[Ve{ brdk j? fe fJj fpZb th d/F d/ gfjbK gquZfbsnB/eK ekB{zB-ftXkB }kpfsnK d/ Bkb nkN/ d/ gb/ED tKr{z bZr e/n;odko Yzr Bkb bkr{ j'D y[D'A e'bv ;N'o ftu jh Bk bZr ikt/. fJjydF/-nzd/F/ f;oc fBokFktkdh ;'u dh T[gi BjhA jB, ;r'A fJj:EkoEtkdh ftukoXkok j? feT[Afe fJj ;ot gqtkfBs j? fe ;kv/ fB}kwftu fdqVQ gqfsfrnk, fdqV tuBpZXsk s/ fdqVQ fJokd/ dh xkN j?. n;hAeJh B/e ;zebg s/ :'iBktK pDkT[Ad/ jK, go fco w{zj d/y e/ ug/V wkoBdh gqftosh sfjs nkgD/ c?;b/ pdbd/ ofjzd/ jK. fJE'A sZe fe ;kv/ekB{zB s/ fJB;kc dk sek}k th fJj jh ofj frnk j? fe gfjbK d/fynkikt/ fe fJj c?;bk fe; fXo #s/ bkr{ j'Dk j?.

fJ; soQK ;kvhnK b'e GbkJh dhnK B/e y[nkfJFK s/ ;ehwK dw s'ViKdhnK jB. fJj wzBD tkbh rZb j? fe e'Jh th }kpsk iK ekB{zB bkr{eoB bJh @ftZb s/ ;feZb# Gkt fdqVQ fJZSk-Fesh s/ seBhe dh b'V j[zdh

222

j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJj d/yD dh b'V j? fe fJ; b'egkb fpZb B{z j'Ad ftufbnkT[D s/ fco n;odkfJe sohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoB bJh @jwkw w/A ;GBzr/ b'e# eh ;kvh g'bhNheb ftZb Gkt okiBhfse fJZSk-Fesh ns/ @ihj}{o# B"eoFkjh e'Jh tXhnk seBhe fJikd th eo ;e/rh fe BjhA<nfij/ Gkoh ;tkb ;kv/ d/F dh gkobhw?AN s/ ;w[Zuh nc;oFkjh nZr/tkip itkp dh T[vhe ftu w{zj nZvh yVQ/ jB.

fiZE'A sZe d/F d/ ftXkB-ekB{zB B{z bkr{ eoB bJh d/F dh nc;oFkjhdh n?vfwB;Nq/fNt ;feZb Gkt gqFk;fBe e[Fbsk s/ ;woEk dk ;tkb j?,fJj jw/FK jh nkgDh ;woEk tk;s/ nkgD/ g'bhNheb wk;No} dhykfjF s/ wBFk-w[pkfoe Gkt @i' j[ew ;oeko# d/ fJFko/ #s/ fBoGoojh j?. go fiE'A sZe nc;oK dh nkgDh gqFk;fBe e[Fbsk dk ;tkbj?, fJBQK dk e'Jh ;kBh BjhA j?. fJj gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek gqDkbh ;oekodh @gZbk wko e/ p[Mk rJh dhtk s/ nZy Bkb rZb eo rJh# torhnK;kohnK @T{nK-pkJh# ow}K B{z pky{ph ;wMdh j?.

fJ; bJh fgSb/ fdBK ftu i' pkpk okw d/t d/ oks-poks/ g[o-nwB nzd'bB d/ ifbQnK tkb/ pkr tKr{z goyu/ T[vkJ/ rJ/, T[j ;ko/d/F tk;s/ Fow;koh dh rZb j?. ifbQnK tkb/ pkr ftu sK nzro/}skBkFkjh tb'A fJj ;kek fdB-dhthA j'fJnk ;h, go ;kv/ b'eszso ftusK fJj dwBekoh j[D oks d/ tes M[[bh j?. fco fJj th j'fJnk fenzBk j}ko/ Bz{ ;tkwh okw d/t dh wdd eoB bJh FkfJo pkdFkj}co tKrz{ @f;oc d' fdB bJh d' r} }whB# th BjhA fwb ;eh. fJ;bJh j[D fJBQK g[o-nwB nzd'bBekohnK Bz{ nkgD/-nkg Bz{ fJj fdbpohd/ b?Dh pDdh j? fe

fFe;s' \sfj s' fe;ws ;/ j?, n? whow[ekpbk s' fdfb BkstK B/ y{p ehnk

fJ; v'bD s/ ;zGbD d/ ;zrqkw ftu T{me-gNe fJe nkw fijhxNBk j?. fJ; fis jko dh pk}h ftu Bshik e[M th j' ;edk j?/, fJj;G e[M rhsk T[gd/F nB[;ko e[dos d/ jE Sv e/ gzikph d/ eth gksod/ ;'jD/ s/ Y[et/A ;[]B s'A @eh j'fJnk fe gfsnK s/ w/ok Bkw BjhA j? fJBQKjh ekch j? fe w/o/ bj{ B/ j? o[y f;zfink# s'A fdbk;k b? e/ g[o-T[whd

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ofjD dh b'V j? feT[Afe fJ; bzph bVkJh ftu fis iK jko jkb dh xVhd{o j? fit/A fe fejk iKdk j? fe @jkb/ fdZbh d{o j?.#

ub', nkgK rZb eo oj/ ;h fe y[dk Bk yk;sk i/ b'e fpZb gk; Bkj'fJnk sK fes/ ;Zuh-w[ZuhA jh iBsk fJBebkp d/ okj Bk s[o gt/. fJ;;zdoG ftu d[BhnK d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJBebkp d/ w[Zy s"o #s/ j[D sZed' jh o{g d/yD B{z fwb/ jB. f;oc fJe-nZXh tko jh fJBebkpy{B-yokpk j'D s'A pr?o nkfJnk j?, fi; B{z fe ;zB 1688 ftu fJzrb?Avtk;hnK B/ @rb'ohn; o?t'fbT{FB# Gkt @;[Bfjoh eqKsh# d/ o{g ftud/fynk. fJ; pdbkn ftu ;G s'A tZvh j?okBh tkbh rZb fJj ;h fe T[E/e'Jh wko-XkV s/ eZNk-tZYh BjhA j'Jh.

go oZp s'A vohJ/l fJBebkp dk d{ik o{g ne;o jh y{B-yokp/,esb'rkos s/ esb/nkw d/ o{g ftu wjKekb fizBk vokT[Dk jz[dk j?.fw;kb ti'A coK;, o{;, uhB s/ feT{pk d/ fJBebkpK dk d?As o{g ;kv/;kjwD/ jh j?. fgSb/ e[M ;w/A ftu th fJokB s'A fJoke, fw;o s/bhphnk sZe d[BhnK B/ fjz;ktkdh Gzp{sko/ d/y/ jh jB. fJ; bJh ;oekoo{gh d/F d/ wkbe' s/ iBsk d/ o{g ftu pkp/-pkbfeU nfij/ y{BhfJBebkpK dh ebgBk eoB dh EK p; oZp-oZp jh eo' GkJh.

ekch ;w/A s'A ;kv/ d/F tk;h s/ yk; s"o #s/ p[ZXhihth fJe wkBf;efij/ fceo d/ wko/ fuzsks[o fij/ ikgd/ jB fe eh fJ; w[be ftu ed/fJBebkp nk th ;edk j? fe Bjh< n}kdh s'A pknd j[D sZe th ekfJw;kvh r[bkw wkBf;esk efjzdh j? fe n;hA sK j[ewokBK d/ N[ZeV-p'uns/ fco T[BQK d/ E[Ze p'uD bJh ghedkB th pD/ oj/. fco n;hA BkpoKdh y[Fh-y[Fkwd bJh v'b/ sZe th B}okfBnK ftu fdZs/, go j[D n;hAfet/A nkgfDnK d/ jh fto[ZX p'bKr/. go d{i/ gk;/ d/F d/ g[Bo fBowkDbJh fJe tZvk B"itkB tor d/F dk ;zGkth ;{soXko j'D ti'A ;wki ftub'VhAdk pdbkn wzr fojk j?. go ni/ ;fEsh g{oB s"o #s/ ;gFN BjhAj? fe pdbkU g[o-nwB j't/rk iK yVe/-dVe/ tkbk j't/rk<

fJ; e"wh d[fuZsh s/ GzpbG{;/ dh soiwkBh fJe ;Zuh xNBk eodhj?. e'Jh nwB g;zd wdok;h, eqKshekoh ftukoK tkbk pzrkbh s/ wubkgzikph fJeZm/ o/b ftu ;co eo oj/ ;B. Gkos ftu eqKsh nkT[D iK

224

Bk nkT[D pko/ pzrkbh s/ wdok;h ftueko GythA pfj; fSV gJh.wdok;h dk efjDk ;h fe ;dhnK s'A r[bkw ofjD eoe/ ;kvh ;'u thr[bkw pD rJh j?. fJ; bJh n;hA fJzB/ ;fjzdV j' rJ/ jK fe tZvh s'AtZvh w[Ffeb B{z th n;hA nkgD/ sB-wB #s/ jzYk b?Ad/ jK. pzrkbh pkp{ dkefjDk ;h fe j[D T[j rZb BjhA ojh. n;hA th rb'pb gfotko dk fjZ;kpD u[e/ jK. i/ ;kv/ r[nKY ftu fJBebkp nk fojk j? sK ;kv/ d/F ftuth fJj F'Bko itkbk @okT{Av dh e"oBo# Gkt ;[Bfjoh nZr ;kvh rbhd/ w'V #s/ jh j?. fJ; #s/ wdok;h efjD bZrk, @nZJh-nZJhU, fJBebkpfeXo nkJ/Ark. fJBebkp eGh nkD/ ek Bjh ih.#

id'A wub/ iZN B/ T[BQK dh pfj; dk :Ge-M{Nk N[ZNdk Bk d/fynk sKT[j gk;k wko e/ efjD bZrk fe GkJh ;kfjp w?A sK ;"D bZrk jK. w?B{zBjhA gsk fe GkJh-tho E'vk fJBebkp ed'A s/ feZE/ nkT{. go w/oh p/Bsh-p/Bsk j? fe w?B{z s[rbekpkd d/ ;N/FB #s/ irk d/Dk.

pfjojkb rZb fJj th ;Zuh j? fe nZi ;wki ftu ;kv/nk;/-gk;/, yZp/-;Zi/, j/mK-T[s/ pZ; ;ko/ gk;/ pzp XwkfenK tor/ ;e?w s/;e?Avb oj/ jB. gkobhw?AN s/ ftXkB ;GktK ftu @B'N cko t'N# x'NkfbnKs/ ftd/Fh p?AeK ftu ekb/ XB d/ jzrkw/ yVQ/ j' oj/ jB. bZyK s/ j}koK-eo'VKd/ xgb/ dh nkw pzd/ B{z f;oc fJzBh jh ;wM nkT[Adh j? fe p/nzs o[gJhnKdh e'Jh tvh j/ok-c/oh s/ mZrh-m'oh j'Jh j?. go xgb/ dh oew dk fenk;T[; dh fdwkrh skes dh geV s/ ;wM s'A pkjo j?.

j'o rZb sK SZv', dhB-fJwkB d/ ;o's r[o{-xoK dhnK r'beK s/ d/FGrsh d/ gq/oDk ;o's ;qH Grs f;zx tor/ FjhdK dhnK FskpdhnK wBkT[Dd/ BKn #s/ th pV/ tZv/ xkb/-wkb/ j' oj/ jB. id'A @tZv/ xoK dhnK tZvhnKfwouK# d/ w[jkto/ nB[;ko nkw nkdwh tZv/ b'eK s/ nkr{nK d/ e'b iwQK XBd/ }yho/-y}kfBnK ns/ d/F-ftd/F ftu }whB-ikfJdkd d/ i}hfonK dkfXnkB eodk j? sK T[; dk wB xkT{A-wkT{A s/ xkT{A-xZg fijk jh j' iKdk j?.e[Zb fwbk e/ f;nk;h nkr{nK s/ t'NoK dh nkg;h foFs/ s/ ;KM dh ;fEshe[M @d[ZX-d[ZX w/ok s/ SkS-SkS s/oh# torh pDh j'Jh j?.

fe;/ FkfJo B/ fJ; gqEkfJ jh fejk j? fe @p[Zfbnk tko/ ikJhJ/ T[BQKd/ fijV/ wkoB rZg FVZg, e"vh bZGh d/ d/tD s/ p[ruk xkT{A xZg# torh

225

pDh j'Jh j?. nfij/ ;wkfie s/ nkofEe F'FD dh ;fEsh pko/ @fp;fwbcohde'Nh# sK pj[s jh ;gFN FpdK ftu fbydk j? feL-

b[ZN b[ZN ;'Bk God/ fsi"oh, fgZsb eod/ dkB t/ bkb';Zu d/ rb ftu #r{mk d/ e/, e{V fco/ gqXkB t/ bkb'

id'A fe ;fGne s/ ftef;s w[beK ftu T[E'A dhnK ;oekoK B/ ntkw B{z;wkfie s/ nkofEe ;[oZfynk d/D dh nfjwhns B{z ikDd/ j'J/ pj[sd/o gfjbK jh nfij/ T[gokb/ eo fdZs/ jB fe T[E'A d/ b'e wB[Zyk ihtB dktXhnk nBzd wkD oj/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJ iroKU dk fJe iZN f}whAdko b/ye fgnkok f;zx oShB nwohek ik e/ fbydk j? fe nwohek s/ e?B/vk d'tKd/FK ftu fJwkBdkoh, d/F fgnko s/ e"wh GktBk e[ZN-e[ZN e/ Goh gJh j?.T[E/ fGqFNkuko dk Bkw-fBFkB th BjhA. go Gkos ftu fJwkBdkoh fes/bZGdh jh BjhA, fGqFNkuko d/ Gkt/A NoZe Go bU.

w?B{z fynkb nkfJnk j? fe ed/ ;kv/ w[be d/ nwho ;fGnkuko,;dkuko s/ edoK-ehwsK dh rZb ;Zs ;w[zdo'A gko j[zdh ;h. gZSwh;fGnsk tkb/ rzrk ih d/ feBko/ g{oph ;fGnsk dk nBzd ;e{B bZGd/fcod/ ;B. go j[D ;kv/ d/F ftu @okw dh rzrk# ;kv/ ;e?wK-;e?AvbK B{zX'Adh-X'Adh nkg w?bh j' rJh j? ns/ fGqFNkuko jh j[D ;ko/ w[be dkfF;Nkuko pD frnk j?.

]?o! ;ZskXkoh gkoNh nzBk j}ko/ d/ nzd'bB ns/ ;[gohw e'oN tb'Aekb/ XB pko/ ikDekoh gqkgs eoB d/ nkd/FK d/ ;Bw[Zy e;{sh ;fEshftu c;h j'Jh j?. fco f;sw fJj j? fe eo'VK d/ xkb/-wkb/ s/ ;e?wKpko/ fto'Xh fXoK fJT[A fij/ Yhmg[D/ Bkb ;tkb g[ZSdhnK ikgdhnK jBfe fit/A fes/ nkg d[ZX X'shnK j'D. id'A ;kv/ oki;h gqw[Zy fJj efjzd/jB fe fGqFNkukoh }yho/pk}K s/ ekb/ XB d/ XBkYK B{z cK;h bZrDhukjhdh j? sK brdk j? fe j[D @B"A ;" u{jk yk e/ fpZbh jZi B{z uZbh j?#.go :ehB BjhA nkT[Adk fe eh jZi B{z ikD s'A gfjbK tkfenk jh fJjnkgD/ ;ko/ gfotko B{z ckj/ btk d/Dr/< ;koh T[wo nkgDk T[Zb{ f;ZXkeoB s/ nkgDh wzst f;ZXh dh ro} Bkb g[Zm/-f;ZX/ ezw s/ xkse i'V-s'V eoB tkb/ fJBQK j/ok-c/oh wk;NoK d/ w{zj'A nfXnkswe rZbK ;[D e/j[D ezBK B{z th jk;k nkT[Adk j?.

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fJ; soQK jh fto'Xh gkoNhnK dk tshok fJBQK e"wh w;fbnK #s/ e[ZMfJ; soQK dk j? fe oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh B{z BhtK fdykT[D s'A fpBK fJBQK B{zj'o e[M ;[ZMdk jh BjhA. efjzd/ jB fe id'A o'w ib-pbQ fojk ;h sK T[E'Adk pkdFkj Bho' pz;oh tik fojk ;h. fpbe[b T[; soQK jh ;kv/d/F d/ nkr{nK B{z j[D FkfJoh T[soh j'Jh j?. T[BQK B{z j[D b'e ;Gk iK ftXkB;GktK ftu fe;/ w[Fkfjo/ tKr{z fFno ;[DB-;[DkT[D dk F"e ikfrnk j?.fJe fto'Xh gkoNh fJe fFno gVQdh j? s/ d{ih gkoNh sZEK B{z fJe gk;/oZy e/ ;tkb dk itkp fFno ftu jh fdzdh j?. fJ; okw o"b/ s/ okw xu'b/ftu b'eK B{z eh ;wM nkT[Adh j?, fJj pZ; oZp jh ikD/. ;ko/ nkr{ fe;/ e"whw[Zd/ iK ;wZf;nk d/ ;Bw[Zy gkoNh gZXo s'A T[go T[Zm e/ e"w s/ e"whns dkfceo eoB dh pikJ/ okiGkr dh e[o;h jfEnkT[D dh skV ftu fJe d{i/B{z fmZph wkod/ s/ NzrVh fyZud/ fd;d/ jB.

;kv/ B/skrD b'eoki gqDkbh nB[;ko ;kvh b'e ;Gk, oki ;Gk s/;kvhnK ftXkB ;GktK ftu fijVk F'o-Fokpk eo oj/ j[zd/ jBl T[; ftub'eK dk Gbk xZN s/ nkgDh pZb/-pZb/ eokT[D s/ oki;Zsk tkbh fXo dhnKNzrK fyZuD dh GktBk pj[sh j[zdh j?. fe;/ eth B/ mhe jh fejk j? feL-

j{o/ iwK d/ n;hA sK yk oj/ jK,uzrh iwj{ohns nkJh b'e';kvh wZs #s/ gk godk,Seh iKd/ B/ bhvo wbkJh b'e'

pKdo tzv ftu o[M/ B/ @e?bth# i',eh eoBr/ ;kvh GbkJh b'e'.

;kv/ ;wki ftu w"ekgq;sh s/ ro}gq;sh d/ ekoB g?dk j'Jh nfijh;[nkoEh fijh ;fEsh ;kv/ g/Av{ ;wki ftu gquZfbs fJe b'e ejkDh dko{gKso pD u[Zeh j?. efjzd/ jB fe fe;/ iZN dk tfjVek y{j ftu fvZrfgnk sK T[j nkgD/ NZpo B{z efjD bZrk fe pj[s uzrk j'fJnk j? fe fJjnkg jh ;{s nk frnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ gfjbK tfjVe/ B{z yZ;h eo bUs/ c/o y{j ftu'A eZYKr/. j[D brGr fJ; soQK jh oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNhefjzdh B}o nkT[Adh j? fe gfjbK nkgDk T[Zb{ f;ZXk eo bJhJ/, fco T[;s'A pknd iBsk dh GbkJh s/ d/F d/ ;[XkoK dh rZb eoKr/.

fco d{i/ gk;/ fto'Xh gkoNh tkb/ th fe;/ Bkb'A xZN BjhA j[zd/. T[BQKdk th e[M nfijk nkFk-wzst @s/oh wZM fwb/ iK Bk fwb/, go w/o/ fjZ;/ftu nkT[Adk ED w?B{z gfjbK u'n d/j# tork j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh fto'Xh

227

gkoNh nfijh ;[nkoEh fijh wkBf;esk dk w[}kjok eodh j'Jh gkobhw?ANftu Fjkp ik\oh dk fJj fFno gVQdh j? fe @@s{ fJXo-T[Xo eh pksBk eo, f:j psk fe ekfcbk feT{A b[Nk. w[M/ okj}B'A ;/ ro} BjhA, s/oh ofjpoh ek ;[nkb j?.## fco fJE/ jh e[M e[ nkdoFtkdh ;'u d/bhvo nkgDh fBih ;ckJh fdzd/ fcod/ jB.

;' fJ; soQK eZbQ ;Zsk ftu ojhnK gkoNhnK j[D fto'Xh fXoK pD e/id'A d/F Grsh s/ fJwkBdkoh d/ wy"N/ gfjBdhnK jB sK w?B{z-s?B{z jhBjhA, ;r'A ;ko/ d/F tk;hnK B{z th j?okBh j[zdh j? fe fJj b'e fJzBh p/feoeh dk w[}kjok fe; soQK eo oj/ jB. fJj ;ZiD @Bkb/ u'o s/ Bkb/uso# d/ nykD #s/ g{o/ T[sod/ j'J/ @T[bNk u'o e'stkb e' vKN/# tkbhekotkJh pky{ph fBGk oj/ jB. fJBQK d/ fJ; soQK d/ d'w{zj/ s/ d'rb/fpnkB ;[D-gVQ e/ fwo}k rakfbp d/ eEB nB[;ko fJT[A ikgdk j? feL-

f;nk;s w/ eGh dkfyb, fonk;s w/ eGh Fkfwbjwkok w"bth Gh fcb-fw;b Ekbh ek p?ArB j?

fJ; dk itkp ;ZskXkoh gkoNh e[ZM fJT[A fijk fdzdh j? fe j[D e"whgZXo s'A fes/ EZb/ T[so e/ dhB-fJwkB, fdnkBsdkoh s/ fJwkBdkoh sKp; ftneshrs s"o #s/ fBZih Xow-fJwkB s/ fBZi nkuoD jh pD e/ofj frnk j?. e"wh gZXo #s/ foFtsy'oh, o[gJ/-g?;/ dh p/JhwkBh s/nwkBs ftu fynkBs eoB dh pdBhsh dk j[D p'bpkbk j?. fJ; bJho[gJ/-g?;/ dh p/JhwkBh iK fJwkBdkoh dh rZb sK j[D SZv'l ;r'A wkBf;epdfdnkBsh jh ;kv/ ufoZso dk w[Zy nzr pD rJh j?. j[D d/F dk gqw[Zyth fJj rZb efj e/ yfjVk S[vkT[Adk j? fe Gokt'! w?B{z d/F s/ ;oekodh rZb Bk g[ZS'l w?A sK nkgD/ jh B/e-ubD dh ;j[z d/D i'rk jK. ;' w?As[jkvh efujoh ftu w[jzwd fJepkb dk fJj fFno b? e/ jk}o jK

wkBk fe s/oh dhd e/ ekfpb BjhA j{z w?As{ w/ok F"e d/y, w/ok fJzs}ko d/y

fJ; soQK gkobhw?AN dk ;zihdk wkj"b th w[Fkfjo/ dk o{g Xko e/fJe fwZm/ fij/ f;nk;h x'b- dzrb ftu spdhb j' iKdk j?. id'A fefdb'A-wB'A n;hA ;ko/ d/F tk;h ns/ ;kv/ B/skrD fJj wzBd/ jK fe fJ;;ko/ tos-tosko/ fgZS/ ;kvk nkgDk jh fJe tZvk e;{o j?. ;kvhnK

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nkgDhnK jh nkgk wko{ BhshnK bJh Bk sK j[D e'Jh w[rb ;bsBs s/Bk jh e'Jh nzro/} ;oeko f}zw/tko mfjokJh ik ;edh j?.

;ZukJh fJj j? fe j[D yk; s"o #s/ n}kdh s'A pknd n;hA d/F d/g[Bo fBowkD ns/ d/F tk;hnK d/ ufoZso fBowkD tZb e'Jh fXnkB jhBjhA fdZsk. n;hA ;dkuko, nkuoD s/ nB[Fk;B B{z nkgD/ ;fGnkuko #u'AeZY jh fdZsk j?. fJ; soQK jh d/F Grsh s/ d/F gq/w torhnK e"whGktBktK B{z n;hA ikD-p[ZM nZy go'y/ eoh oZfynk j?. fJ; bJh n;hA ed/th @j:ks tko;h# dh dZ;h fJ; ;ZukJh s'A w[Beo BjhA j' ;ed/ fe-

np T[; e/ F'b'QA eh }d w/A jwkoh B;b/A j?At'j nkr po;'A ;/ fi;/ jwB/A jtk dh

;wMD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe okw-oki tor/ gqFk;B s/ Xowoki dhBroh d/ fJB;kc dhnK rZbK eod/-eod/ n;hA oktD s'A th G?V/ ez;-okiftu nk rJ/ jK, fiE/ fe goikfgsk o{gh ;oekoK nkgDh jh goik dkF'FD s/ b[ZN wko eo ojhnK jB. ;kv/ B"itkB g[ZsK-XhnK B{z sK fJE/fiT{D dh nk; th BjhA ojh. fJ; bJh T[j nkgDh Gkos wK B{z SZv e/nzro/} wk;hnK d/ w[beK ftu ik oj/ jB.

y?o! w/ok fynkb j? fe p/FZe ;{oi B{z e[ZM tes bJh sK rqfjD bZr;edk j?, go ;Zu dk ;{oi jw/FK fBeb e/ ofjzdk j?. uKdbk ;kfjptor/ ftdtkB dk th efjDk j?, @@;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ BjhA fSgdk, ;{oiB{z rqfjD bZrd/ jB, go T[j e[ZM-tesh jh j[zd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ jh fe;/FkfJo B/ @oks Go ek wfjwK j? nzX/ok, fe; e/ o'e/ o[ek j?;t/o# fijk nkFktkdh ;[]B nbkfJnk j?.

fJj w/ok nehdk j? fe fit/A n;hA r[bkwh d/ :[Zr s'A uZb e/ n}kdhd/ :[Zr ftu nkJ/ ;h, j[D T[; s'A nZr/ n;hA Xoksbh gZXo dh n}kdh s'Apknd ;jh o{g ftu wkBf;e s/ ;wkfie n}kdh d/ d"o ftu dkybj'tKr/. ;' fJ; rZb s'A sK brdk j? fe d/F ftu ;wkfie s/ nkofEe;[XkoK dh i' rZb T[mh j?, T[; Bkb d/F tk;hnK bJh ;dh gbN/rh.]?o! efjzd/ jB fe 12 ;kb pknd sK o{VQh dh th ;[Dh iKdh j?l go fJE/sK c/o eo'VK s'A nZr/ j[D 1 nop 21 eo'V b'eK dh fe;ws dk ;tkbj?. ;' ;kv/ Gb/ B{z fJj th j' ;edk j? fe d/F dh j'Dh e'Jh gb;/Nk wko/

229

s/ d/F bJh ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA jh ;dh gbN ikt/.

p/FZe j[D id'A npkdh B{z ezNo'b eoB dh rZb ubdh j? sK ;zB1975 dh n?woi?A;h s'A pknd j[D n;hA fJj efjDk F[o{ eo fdZsk j? fen;hA 1 nop 21 eo'V dk Nhuk jk;b eo fbnk j?. p/FZe ;kvh fJjcVQ j[D p/Fow dh dkb v[ZbQD s/ mzvh eoe/ ykD fijh b'e f;nkDg d/o{g ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nk ojh j?. pZ; j[D fi; soQK n;hA e"wh nkuoDd/ bzro-bzr'N/ fYZb/ ehs/ jB, T[; w[skfpe nkT[D tkb/ gzi ;kbK ftunpkdh d/ gZy'A uhB B{z s/ fGqFNkuko d/ gZy'A n;hA d[BhnK B{z wks gkfdnKr/. fco n;hA jZe-p-ikBp jh d[BhnK dh ;G s'A tZvh b'eszsohskes pD iktKr/.

fJj rZb tZyoh j? fe ;kvk b'eszso nZi th okiszso j? s/ @w[V-fxV e/ y'sh p'jV EZb/# dh b'e f;nkDg nB[;ko e'Jh tZvh rZb BjhA feeZbQ B{z fJj d[pkok okikFkjh s/ oitkVkFkjh dk o{g XkoB eo bt/.p/FZe ;kvh tZXdh npkdh ;pzXh pj[s ;'jDk s/ Y[ZetK :EkoE g/F eod/j'J/ @FkfJo ndw# B/ fbfynk j? fe oZp ed/-ed/ nkgDh jh wB[Zyhf;oiDk #s/ ][d th jZ;dk j't/rkL-

s]bhe/-ekfJBks e/ fdbu;g i[ow gojz;sk s' j'rk nkg Gh :}dK eGh-eGh

go j[D sZe nkgD/ f;nk;h s/ yk; s"o #s/ Xkofwe nkr{nK d/feodko B{z i/ d/yhJ/ sK jkbks e[M uzr/ BjhA brd/. fJ; w[be ftu ;Ge[M j[zfdnK-;[zfdnK th rohph, G[Zywoh s/ fdwkrh fdtkbhnkgD torhnKw[bkwsK Fo/Qnkw j' ojhnK jB. tXdh npkdh d/ ;Bw[Zy ftek; dhnK;ehwK dw s'V ojhnK jB. ftek; s/ T[sgkdB doK, tXdhnK ehwsKs/ wfjzrkJh d/ ;Bw[Zy @y{j dh fwZNh y{j B/ ykJh# tkbh ejkDh ;[DkojhnK jB.

e[M e[ pj[s jh f;nkD/ b'e sK nfij/ d[okukoh fB}kw s'A s'pk eoe/T[dk;hB fij/ j' rJ/ jB. T[BQK dk efjDk j? fe @y[d jh nwB j' ikJ/rk, ok] j'B/ e/ pkd#. fJ; soQK fco fJ; w[be dh ybes dh@i/-iZe s/ iZe'-sZeh# s/ nyho ftu @uZb j'T{, nkgK B{z eh# torh ;[Eokgqftosh s'A th vo bZrdk j? feT[Afe fJ; w[be ftu jo e'Jh ;[Eok Fkj

230

pfDnk fcodk j? s/ efjzdk j? fe @e'Jh wo/ s/ e'Jh iht/l ;[Eok x'bgsk;/ ght/#. pkeh j[D sZe sK f}nkdkso fi; fe;/ th jwksV d/okiGkr dk S'Nk-w'Nk eVQk ;{s nkfJnk j?l T[; B/ iBsk dk ;Ze bkj e/jh nkgDhnK r[ZbhnK ;/ehnK jB ns/ s'oh-c[bek Sfenk j?.

fco fJj th sK wzBD tkbh rZb j? fe ni/ sZe sK @jho dh rkEk#jh nkgDh wzf}b/-we;{d sys j}ko/ sZe BjhA gj[zu ;eh. fco jho d/;w/A s'A jh tZX w[ykfbc jkbksK ftu nzBk j}ko/ dh @fJwkBdkoh dh eEk#fdZbh fet/A gj[zu/rh< fJ; bJh Gkt/A fe;/ B{z fJj rZb uzrh Bk jh bZr/,go fJBQK jkbksK ftu ;kv/ feodko s/ ;kvh j[D sZe dh ekor[}koh d/;Bw[Zy sK brdk j? fe jkb/ fdZbh d{o j?, d';s'.

231

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gkDhnK dh nZrgzi dfonktK d/ gzi-nkpK d/ Bkw Bkb ikDh iKdh gzikp dh Xosh

#s/ ;zB 1947 ftu nkgD/ S'N/ Gok Bkb xo s/ }whB tzvD ;w/A fijVhgkDhnK dh tzv j'Jhl T[; nB[;ko gzikp d/ ;kv/ d'tK xoK e'b YkJh-YkJhdfonktK d/ gkDh jh ofj rJ/. fJ; bJh uVQd/ s/ bfjzd/ gzikp dh Xoshgzi-nkpK dh Xosh j'D dh pikJ/ n;b ftu YkJh nkpK dh Xosh jh pDe/ ofj rJh.

nc;'; dh rZb fJj j? fe p/FZe ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ ;kB{z fJ; ekDh tzv dkB[e;kB sK p/nzs j'fJnk j?. go gsk BjhA feT[A ;kB{z fJzBk fceo BjhAj'fJnk fe e"w B/ gkDhnK dh tzv s/ xkN ;pzXh fJ; wko{ ;wZf;nk d/ s[Zbe'Jh T[dw-T[gokbk ehsk j't/. fJj FkfJd fJ; bJh j? fe ;kvh ;'u s/;kvh ihtB F?bh pVh ;[nkoEh s/ nkgD/-nkg #s/ jh e/Adfos j' e/ ofj rJhj?. fi; eoe/ ;kv/ tb'A b'VhAd/ ;w{fje :sBK s'A pr?o ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ gzikpB{z Bk g{ok j'D tkbk xkNk fJj fgnk j? fe ekdo dh e[dos d/ fJbkjhtodkBK tor/ ;kv/ nzfwqs o{gh gkDhnK s/ ;zihtBh p{Nh tor/ ihtBdkfJed[ZX-djhA s/ bZ;h d/ ;'w/ nikJhA jh ;[Zed/-w[Zed/ ik oj/ jB.

p/FZe ;dhnK s'A uZbh nk ojh wkBf;esk nB[;ko n;hA nZi th fJ;B{z gzi-nkpK dh Xosh jh efj oj/ jK. gzikp 1947 s'A jh d/F dh tzvd/ ;zskg ftu'A r[}o fojk j? ns/ fJBQK YkJh gkDhnK dh ;kVQ;sh d/ YkJhJ/d/ Mw/fbnK-M/fVnK dk fybkok-g[nkVk ni/ ;{s BjhA j'fJnk ;h fe BthAftjkMh ;"AeD wK d/ ;kv/ r[nKYh okiK d/ gZ[s-GoktK dh ephbdkoh j[DtZvh j' rJh j? fe T[BQK B/ th ;kv/ gzikp d/ pkeh pu/-y[u/ gkDhnK dh tzvd/ dknt/-w[eZdw/ m'e fdZs/ jB. fJ; w[eZdw/pk}h d/ Bshi/ eh j'Dr/< pZ;oZp jh ]?o-fwjo oZy/.

p/FZe wB[Zyh ;ZfGnsk ftu }whB s/ gkDh dh tzv fJe e[dosh fijkyk;k j?. go fJj th e"Vh ;ZukJh j? fe fiE/ }o-}'o{ dh tzv dh bVkJhg? rJhl p; ;wM' fe T[j ;ZfGnsk s/ T[j e"w bVkJhnK s/ esbK sZedh w[eZdw/pk}h d/ ekoB gfjbK sK fdtkbhnk j'Jh j? s/ nzs B{z fJ; Bkbe"wK dh nby jh w[Ze-w[ekn rJh j?.

232

gkDhnK dh tzv d/ fJ; oZph GkD/ tor/ tosko/ d/ fgZS/ gzikphnK dhXkVthnK Bkb w[Y-edhwh, iZd'-ifjd s/ bzp/ ;w/A dh ^[bkwh s'A T[gih,@uZb i' j'T{ d/yh ikT{# dh wkBf;esk d/ ekoB nkgDh f}zw/tkoh s'A gZbkMkVD dh gqftosh ep{so B{z fpZbh fdZ;D torh wkBf;esk Bkb fwbdh-i[bdh j?. ep{so B{z id'A fpZbh fd;dh j? sK T[j nkgD/ nkg B{z nZyK pzdeoe/ :ehB fdtkT[D dh e'fFF eodk j? fe fpZbh BK dh e'Jh F?n j[zdhjh BjhA j?. pZ; fJzB/ B{z fpZbh nkgDk ezw eo iKdh j? s/ ep{so ih dhokw-;Zs j' iKdh j?.

e[M fJ; soQK dk jh ibtk ;zB 1947 ftu gzikp dh j'Dh B/d/fynk. ftd/Fh j[ewokBK tZb'A ehsh rJh nDj'Jh s/ nD;[ykthA gzikp dhpKdo tzv ;w/A ;[ZNhnK fyZbQK dh fJj bVkJh d'jK d/FK d/ dofwnkB n;b/dh izr d/ Gzp{sko/ th ftyk u[eh j?. j[D fJ; nZr dk o{g dktkBb Gktuko/ gk;/ c?bh izrb dh nZr tork j' frnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJ;ibd/-pbd/ w;b/ B/ jw/FK-jw/FK bJh ;z:[es okFNo ;zx sZe dhnKe'oN-eufjohnK dh Bk w[ZeD tkbh mzYh izr dk o{g XkoB eo fbnk j?.fJ; gq;zr ftu @skok f;zx y'i/g[oh# dk pVk jh fJe v{zxk ftnzr j? feL-

d' fpZbhnK B{z uko frnk, pKdo dh j[fFnkoh j?

]?o! j[D gzikp, jfonkDk s/ oki;EkB ftu gkDhnK dh tzv dknkg;h w;bk nfs rzGho j' frnk j? feT[Afe fJ; ftu ;zB 1966 s'A;kv/ Bt/A ephbdko pD/ Gok jfonkDk, fjwkub s/ oki;EkB th ;kv/Fohe pD rJ/ jB. T[BQK B/ th fNzv ftu ekBk c;kT[D dh ro} BkbgkDhnK s/ fgzvK dh tzv ed/ Bk w[ZeD tkbh ejkDh tor/ w;fbnK d/M/V/Q-MKM/ S/V fdZs/ jB. fJ; ;ko/ dktkBbh tosko/ pko/ F[o{ s'A j[D sZe;kvk feodko s/ gqsheow fe;wsh ;"fdnK nZr/ f;o M[ekT[D torkfojk j?. FkfJd fJj oZph o}k ftu th j'fJnk j? fe n;hA F[o{ s'A jh d'-N[Ze c?;b/ BjhA eo ;e/.

]?o! nfij/ e"wh gZXo d/ c?;b/ b?D d/ gq;zr ftu e?gNB nwfozdof;zx ftu gzikp d/ fJfsjk;, ;fGnkuko s/ e"wh w;fbnK dh i' ;'Mh s/;t?wkDsk j?, T[j T[BQK B{z gzEe j;shnK Bkb'A th T[go b? iKdh j? i'gzikp d/ gkDhnK dk p/i'V c?;bk T[BQK B/ fbnk j?, T[j gzikp tk;h ed/

233

th BjhA G[ZbDr/. fJ; soQK jh T[BQK B/ nkgD/ ;w/A ftu i' fJfsjkf;eFskpdhnK wBkT[D s/ ;kv/ nwho ;fGnkuko B{z EK f;o eoB dk T[ZdwT[gokbk ehsk ;h, T[j ekfpb/-skoh\ j?. fJ; eoe/ b'eK d/ wBK ftunZi th fes/ fJe ykfjF torh ]bF j? fe T[j fco ed/ gzikp ftupo;o/-fJesdko j'D. f}eo:'r j? fe p/FZe T[BQK dh jkJhewKv T[BQKBkb Bkok} th ojh j?, go T[BQK B/ gzikp s/ gzikphnsK d/ fjZsK ftu i'e"wh gZXo d/ c?;b/ bJ/ jB, T[j iZr }kfjo jB.

fJ; tk;s/ gzikp d/ fjZs ftu e?gNB ;kfjp dh nfij/ efbnkDekohc?;b/ eoB dh ;woEk s/ Fesh B{z gzikp dk seohpB jo ftneshw}Qp'-fwZbs s/ gkoNh bkJhBK s'A T[go T[m e/ ep{b eodk j?. fJj jhekoB j? fe b'e T[BQK B{z f;ZyK ftu'A w[ekpbsB fJe @tXhnk f;Zy# s/nkdwhnK ftu'A fJe @uzrk pzdk# efj e/ T[BQK dk fdb'A ;fseko eod/jB. go fJ; soQK fJZeV-d[ZeV Gb/ nkr{nK d/ :sBK-gq:sBK d/ pkti{dth e[Zb fwbk e/ j[D sZe fejk ik ;edk j? fe gzikp d/ fjZs ftu nfij/c?;fbnK bJh fe;/ th ;oeko B/ pKj yVQh eoe/ p[bzd ntk} @jkn dkBknok# BjhA wkfonk.

]?o! rZb sK fJj ;zihdk j?, go fJj ;koh ;fEsh e[M fJT[A fij/j'Jh ikgdh j? fe fit/A fJe tkoh dh rZb j? fe e'Jh wok;h wzi/ #s/ fgnkfBjzr f;zxK dh GkFk ftu y'sh u[zx fojk ;h Gkt j[Zek gh fojk ;h.BFk-gZsk fyVD T[gozs T[j w;s j' e/ ;"A frnk. T[Xo T[; nwbh dho}kJh #s/ j[Ze/ dh uzfrnkVh fvZr gJh, fi; ekoB T[; dh o}kJh ;kohoks X[ydh ojh. ;/e wfj;{; j'D #s/ nwbh o}kJh B{z j/odk-c/odk fojkgo id'A ;/e fjZe sZe gj[zu frnk sK wok;h nkgD/ NZpo B{z rkbK eZYDbZrk fe rtKYhnK d/ xo'A nZr dk w[Fe nk fojk j?. GkJh! GZi e/ ikT[lT[j rtKYh bkDk sK pkjbk jh fBezwk j? fe b? ;kb/! nZr th BjhA p[Mk;ed/. pfjojkb, nwbh dk NZpo th sK T[; dk nkgDk jh izfwnk-ikfJnk ;h. T[BQK B/ th nwbh dh rZb dk e'Jh T[Zsk Bk tkfunk. fJzB/B{z nZr nwbh dh dkVQh B{z nk gJh sK T[j ftjV/ tZb B{z GZfink fe w[zfvU!fJj ;kbh nZr rtKYhnK d/ xo BjhA, ;r'A nkgD/ jh xo bZrh j'Jh j?.

pZ; fJT[A fij/ d/ jkbks gzikp ftu pD/ j'J/ jB ns/ eJh ;wkfie s/

234

nkofEe w;b/ X[Zy oj/ jB s/ gzikp fJBQK w;fbnK d/ ;/e Bkb Gy fojkj?. go n;hA ;ko/ s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ okiBhfse, Xkofwe s/ ;wkfie nkr{fJBQK nfjw e"wh w;fbnK B{z gsk BjhA feT[A nDr"b/ fij/ eoe/ nkgD/ xodh nZr B{z @p/rkfBnK d/ xo p;zso# ;wM e/ gk;k tZNhA p?m/ jK. ;' pV/nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe gzikp B{z dog/F w;fbnK B{z jZb eoB bJhi/ c"oh s"o #s/ e'Jh n"jV-g"jV Bk ehs/ rJ/ sK ;wM' fe X[Zydh o}kJhtor/ gzikp d/ Gyd/ w;fbnK d/ ;/e Bkb wok;h tKr{z n;hA ;ko/ th ib{D/iktKr/. fJ; soQK jh i/ gzikp d/ gkDh dk w;bk s[ozs jZb Bk j'fJnk sK;wM' fe ;kvh feo;kDh B{z ;kv/ dfonkJh gkDhnK dk j[D fwb fojk ;[Zy-nkBzd th j[D ;kv/ jZE'A nZi BjhA sK eZb frnk jh frnk.

y?o! ni/ th oZp fwjo oy/ fe fGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh, feo;kDhs/ B"itkBK dh d[orsh, Go{D-jZfsnk s/ gzikph wK-p'bh dh d[odFk tor/w;fbnK d/ dktkBbh ;/e s'A gzikphnK d/ xo dk wzik-ghVQh s/ j'o fBZe-;[Ze pfunk oj/. fJ; s'A gfjbK fe gzikp d/ fwZm/ gkDhnK ftu nkgD/r[nKYh okiK d/ GkJhuko/ d/ Bkb ftrVd/ ik oj/ nkg;h foFfsnK dhe[VZsD dk }fjo Go ikJ/l ;kB{z gkDhnK dh xkN B{z g{ok eoB tk;s/ c"ohs"o #s/ pV/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ soZdd ns/ :sBK-gq:sBK dh b'V j?. fJE/ ;kB{ztkfo; Fkj d/ eEB s'A B;hjs b?Dh pDdh j? fe @;[bkj ehfsnK csfji/ jZE nkt/, ewo izr s/ w{b Bk e;hJ/ ih#.

fJ; bJh ;kB{z gzikp dh soZeh s/ y[Fjkbh tk;s/ fJj th ;wMD dhp/jZd b'V j? fe ;kv/ pkfpnK d/ ;w/A dk ;kvk ;ko/ dk ;kok @;KMk xo#T[ikV/ dh n"MV okj fgnk j'fJnk j? s/ ;kvk fgnkok gzikp j[D gkDhnKdh nZr dh bg/N ftu j?. pZ; oZp jh okyk j?. fJ; tk;s/ p"jVh-d[jkJhj? fe j[D gkDhnK dh vkYh nZr s'A gzikp B{z puk b?l U oZpk. Fkbk! oZp;kvk fBrkjpkB j't/.

235

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d[nk Gh eo{z s' drk ;h br/ j?wB[Zy dhnK gdkoEtkdh gqftoshnK g{zihtkd B{z iBw fdzdhnK jB.

fJ; soQK g{zihtkd dh w{b iVQ wkdkgq;sh j?. wB[Zyh ;[Gkn ftu gdkoEtkdiBwiks j?. }whB-ikfJdkd dk fgnko wB[Zyh i}p/ B{z ep}/ ftuspdhb eo fdzdk j?. fJ; soQK jh wkdkgq;sh wkBth edoK-ehwsK B{zgfjbK p}koh w[Zb-Gkn ftu tNkT[Adh j?, fco T[; s'A nZr/ tZX e/T[gG'rsk dhnK gqftoshnK B{z dkBth uow-;hwktK sZe b? iKdh j?. fcofJE'A jh gowkoE s/ ;wkitkd d/ ;zebg s/ noE fBZitkd s/ ;[nkoEftu pdb iKd/ jB. fco fJj pdbkn ^?o-e[dosh o{g XkoB eoe/wkBtsk B{z fjmKj tZb B{z Xohe b?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK ;wki ftu wkBths'A wB[Zyh s/ nr/ ^?o-wB[Zyh toskfonK dk iBw j[zdk j?.

fJ; ;skj s'A fco wB[Zy F[o{nks ti'A o;ksb tZb B{z s[odk j'fJnkwkfJnk-g?;/ d/ fgU e[p/o dk g[Zs pDBk b'udk j?. fco fJ; s'A nr/ pzdkwkfJnk d/th dh nfsqgs bkb;k s/ r[V-fwZm/ b'G ftZu fbgNdk-fugedky[d B{z jh XB dk e[p/o d/tsk pBkT[D s[o g?Adk j?. fJ; tk;s/ T[j d[BhnKdk cks/j pDB dk fynkb gkbdk j? s/ nkgD/ nkg B{z d[BhnK B{z b?n eoBtkfbnK fjz;kfonK ftu Fkwb eo b?Adk j?. fJ; soQK dh ^?o-e[dosh s/nDwB[Zyh uZb-;'-uZb dh y/v ubdh ofjzdh j?/.

go d{i/ gk;/ fJB;kBh f}zdrh dh ;tk;K dh ;hws g{zih ;tk;-;tk;ubdh ftnoE jh r[nku e/ nkgD/ nzs B{z gj[zu iKdh j?. pfjojkb, fJefdB id'A B"ps tZidh j? sK pzd/ B{z ;wM nkT[Adh j? fe T[j sK fJ; d[BhnKftu ykbh jZEhA BKrk jh nkfJnk ;h s/ Bzr-wbzr jh w[V uZfbnk j?. goUd'A sZe pj[s d/o j' u[Zeh j[zdh j?. fe;/ FkfJo d/ FpdK ftu fJj ;fEsh@;G e[S b[ZNk e/ j'F w/A nkJ/ s' fenk ehnk# tkbh pD u[Zeh j[zdh j?. fJ;;ko/ ft;Eko dk ;ko-;kozF fJj jh j? fe nkdwh ;koh T[wo jkJ/ g?;k-U-jkJ/ g?;k eodk-eodk jh fJ; d[BhnK s'A e{u eoe/ nkgD/ d[obGiBw B{z e"vhnK-xZN/ o'b iKdk j?.

fJ; soQK gdkoEtkd s/ g?;/ dh d"V w[ZY-edhw s'A ubdh nk ojh j?.go nZi d/ g{zihtkdh d"o ftu fJ; dk o{g nfs-fxBkT[Dk j' frnk j?.

236

jo pzdk g?;/ dh ykso gkrb j?. gkrbgD dh fJ; d"V ftu w?A ;G s'AnZr/ j'tK fJj jh ;kvh nodk; j[zdh j? s/ fJj jh ;kvh f}zdrh dk ;Gs'A tZvk we;d pD frnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh ;kvh nodk; @np s' d[nkGh eo{z s' drk ;h br/ j?# d/ nB[o{g j' e/ gqkEBk Bjh, ;r'A jkJ/ g?;k-jkJ/ g?;k dh d[jkJh pD rJh j?.

n;hA th e'Jh d[BhnK Bkb'A nbZr BjhA jK. fJ; bJh jo fe;/ dhfJj jh ykfjF j? fe g?;/ dh fJ; d"V ftu T[j ;G s'A nZr/ j'tK. gow?A-s{z nZr/ fet/A j' ;ed/ jK< id'A fe oZp xo d/ B/V/ ;wM/ iKd/ ni'e/ v/oktkdh wjKg[oy s/ ;wki d/ w'jspo th g?;/ dh fJ; @o?N o/;# Gkt @u{jkd"V# ftu Fkwb jB. nkw d[BhnK s'A fes/ T[Zu/ s/ nfXnkswe gZy'A oZpB{z gj[zu/ pkDh d/ ;kXe, ;kX-;zs s/ r[o{ d/ bkvb/ f;zxK pko/ d/yd/-;[Dd/jK fe ftd/FK dhnK r/VhnK-c/ohnK bkT[Ad/ jB. fco tkg; nk e/jKreKr, f;zrkg[o, nwohek, e?B/vk s/ bzdB dhnK rZbK fJT[A y[Fh Bkbj[Zp-j[Zp-e/ ;[DkT[Ad/ jB fe fit/A shoE-XkwK dh :ksok eoe/ nkJ/ j'D.

ne;o fynkb nkT[Adk j? fe G'r g?D ;w/A B"t/A wjb/ d/ ;b'eK dkgkm j[zdk j?. fJ; pkDh ftu B"t/A gkfsFkj B/ fJ; BkFtkB ;oho s/;z;ko dh ftnkfynk eoe/ XB-dkok s/ ;zgsh pko/ ;gFN ;wMkfJnk j?fe fJj ;z;kfoe ;[Zy ;G n;EkJh jB. b'ekJh B{z r[o{ ;kfjpkB tZb'A;gFN ;pe j? fe b'e-gqb'e ftu fBGD tkbk f;oc gqG{ dk Bkw s/fgnko jh j?, fJj gqG{ fgnko jh pzd/ B{z B/eh s/ pzdh ns/ B/e s/ wkV/ihtB dh ;'Mh fdzdk j?. fco fJ; soQK e'Jh B/e ihtB tkbk pzdkfJB;kBhns d/ xo gj[zu e/ jh pzd/ s'A fJB;kB pD ;edk j?. fJj jhw[esh dk wkor j? s/ pzd/ bJh w[esh dk ;kXB j?.

go j?okBh dh rZb j? fe ;koh T[wo fJj ;G e[ZM ;[DB s/ ;wMDd/ pkti{d th pzdk uzfrnkJh dk gZbk BjhA cVdk s// Bk jh T[j nkgDhwkVh fcsos pdbdk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ eEk tkue ;zs f;zx w;ehB fejkeod/ ;B fe fJ; d[BhnK ftu nkdwh j'o eJh e[ZM pdb ;edk j?, goT[; bJh nkgDk ;[Gkn pdbDk nfsnzs n"yk j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh nyhoftu fe;/ th ;tortk;h tk;s/ nzfsw nodk; ;w/A nyhobh i'dVh eod/j'J/ ;zrs s/ ;ke-;pzXhnK tZb'A @@np eh pkfo pyf; pzd/ eT[##

237

efjzd/-;[Dd/ jK. fJ; T[gozs ftSVh nkswk bJh FoXKibhnK dh MVhbrdh j?.

fJE/ f}eo:'r j? fe eJh tko sK nfijk j[zdk j? fe e'Jh ;uw[Zujh uzrk pzdk id'A e{u eo iKdk j? sK T[[; dh d' bkJhBK dh ]po th BjhAbrdh feT[Afe T[; d/ ;pzXhnK tb'A G'r dh ;{uBk d/D tk;s/ wfjzr/ Gkndk fJFfsjko nypkoK B{z BjhA fdZsk iKdk. T[Xo fco d{i/ gk;/ Gkt/A e'JhwkVk pzdk jh j't/, go T[; d/ ;ke ;pzXh id'A nypkoK ftu w'N/ g?;/ youe/ nzfsw nodk; dk fJFfsjko SgtkT[Ad/ jB sK nfij/ FoXKibh;wkrwK d/ w[ekpb/ ;wki ftu ;Zuh FoXKibh d/ jZedko Gb/ b'eK dho{j dZp e/ ofj iKdh j?. f;o/ dh rZb sK fJj j? fe nypkoK t/y e/fJbke/ d/ B/sk b'e G'r tkb/ fdB @fpB pkdb po;ks# tKr nk toQd/jB. fco fJj B/sk T[BQK @ikD tkfbnK# dhnK skohcK d/ g[Zb pzBQ oj/ j[zd/jB, fijV/ fe T[BQK B{z ed/ fwb/ sZe BjhA j[zd/. B/skrD fJzM p'b oj/ j[zd/jB fe fit/A woB tkb/ d/ bzr'NhJ/ :ko j'D. fJBQK B/sk b'eK dh wBFknfij/ ;'r ;wkrwK #s/ th oki;h bkjk b?D dh j[zdh j?.

;wki d/ fe;/ th F'G/ ftu e'Jh fBZek-w'Nk ezw eoB tkb/ pzfdnKdh nzfsw nodk; #s/ T[BQK dhnK skohcK d/ g[b pzBQD dk fotki jh g?frnk j?. Gkt/A T[; d/ ihtBekb ftu fpwkoh-fmwkoh d/ nyhob/ n"y/;w/A ftu T[; dh fe;/ B/ ]po;ko th Bk bJh j't/l go nyho #s/ T[;d/ gfotko Bkb yVQB dk dwri/ jo e'Jh wkodk ;[Ddk j?. fJ; gq;zrftu f}eo:'r j? fe ;kv/ ;fGnkuko ftu j[D nb'g j' ojh @wj'Fk# gqEkd/ nB[;ko e'Jh pzdk nkgD/ fiT[Ad/-ihn nkgDhnK nzfsw o;wK y[d jhg{ohnK eo iKdk ;h. fJ; o;w d[nkok eJh ;ZiD g[oF gfjbK jh dkBg[zB eo b?Ad/ ;B ns/ ihtB ekb ftu j'JhnK T[ukNhnK s/ G[ZbK dh fywkwzr iKd/ ;B.

y?o! fJ; ;zdoG ftu fezBK jh uzrk j't/ fe pzd/ d/ e{u eoB s'AgfjbK fiT{Ad/ ihn T[; d/ pknd gVQ/ ikD tkb/ T[; ;pzXh wo;hJ/ s/e;hd/ T[; B{z ftyk bJ/ ikD sK fJ; d/ d' ;gFN bkG j' ;ed/ jB. fJesK pzdk s;Zbh Bkb o[y;s j' ;edk j? fe T[; dh nzfsw nodk; ;w/A T[;d/ uzr/ ezwK dh tkfenk jh skoh\ j't/rh. fJ; dk d{ik j'o th tZX bkG

238

fJj j' ;edk j? fe i/ pzd/ B/ e'Jh pkjb/ uzr/ ezw Bk th ehs/ j'D sKth nkgD/ nyhob/ ;w/A ftu T[j nkgD/ @ckfsnk s/ wo;hnK# dh bkioZyD dh ykso jh e'Jh Fow'-e[Fowh uzr/ ezw eo bt/. w/oh ;wM ftufJ; soQK fij/ d/ ;wkfie b"bhg"g b'eK B{z d/D Bkb E'Vk-E'Vk eoe/;wki dk tZvk Gbk ehsk ik ;edk j?.

;kvh jo jhb/ bkjk b?D dh gqftosh fJzBh tZX rJh j? fe fJ; dke'Jh w/u-pzBK jh BjhA ofj frnk. fJ; gq;zr ftu w?A nkgD/ fJe gq'c?;od';s ShBk B{z fJb?eFBK ftu p;gk d/ T[whdtko tk;s/ u'D gquko eod/d/fynk. T[; T[whdtko dk u'D fBFkB jkEh ;h. T[j id'A w/o/ p/N/ Bkbfe;/ t'No d/ xo frnk sK T[E/ T[BQK dk p}[or e'Jh nZXk e[ xzNk gfjbKjh g{ok j'fJnk ;h. e'Jh 15-20 fwzN p?mD s'A pknd gq'c?;o ;kfjpefjD bZr/ fe uZb' fJj sK oZp dk GkDk j?, nkgK eh eo ;ed/ jKl goj[D s[;hA ;kv/ @jkEh# dk fynkb oZfyU.

ni eb xo-xo FoXKibh ;wkrwK dk j'Dk nkw jh j' frnk j?.fiE/ ;tortk;h d/ gfotkoe ihn fJj' fij/ ;'r d/ w"e/ s/ th nkgDhN"jo-NogZb wkoB'A BjhA jNd/. GkFDK d/ Bkb thvT[rqkch th fJT[A j'ojh j[zdh j? fe fit/A ftnkj dk wkj"b j't/. T[Xo ;zrsK dk fJj jkbj[zdk j? fe gkm ;[DB bJh Gkt/A e'Jh gzi fwzN th Bk p?m/, go B/sktKdhnK M{mhnK fijhnK seohoK ;[DB bJh T[BQK B{z wip{oB p?mDk g?Adk j?.fJ; soQK jh ne;o ftSVh nkswk bJh nodk; eoB nkJ/ d{o'A B/fVUA;ke-FoheK dk fXnkB nodk; Bkb'A bzro tZb pj[sk j[zdk j?.

fJ; soQK jh pj[s/ fwso-;B/jh sK xVhnK d/yd/ ofjzd/ jB fe id'Anodk; F[o{ j't/rh sK T[d'A jh ubKr/. fco id'A nodk; F[o{ j[zdh j? sKT[d'A T[j gsk BjhA feZE'A nukBe nk Nged/ jB. fJ; gq;zr ftu w?Bz{fJe nyhA d/y/ w"e/ dh :kd j? fe wkoec?Zv ftZu w/oh fB:[esh ;w/A fe;/eowukoh dh wksk dk G'r g? fojk ;h. T[; gkf;UA wkoec?Zv dk fJZeeowukoh nukBe bzfxnk sK T[; B/ d/fynk fe T[; d/ eJh eowukoh;kEh T[E/ G'r ftu Fkwb ;B. y?o! T[j th nzdo nk tfVnk. T[E/FoXKibhnK uZb ojhnK ;B. ;N/i ;eZso B/ T[; Bz{ th uzrk p[bkok j'Deoe/ FoXKibh d/D bJh efj fdsk. T[d'A nzfsw nodk; ;w/A ftSVh

239

nkswk dh s;tho ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh j}{oh ftu oZyD dh gqEkgquZfbs BjhA ;h.

pfjojkb! p[bko/ B/ efjDk F[o{ ehsk fe w?A ;tortk;h p}[orK B{z T[BQKd/ ihtB ekb ftu sK BjhA fwb ;fenk, go nkgD/ ;kEh eowukoh ftu'Aj[D T[; d/ fgsk dk ne; }o{o d/y fojk jK. p; id'A jh T[; dh seohofgsk ih tZb B{z T[bko j'Jh sK pkg{ ih e{e T[m/ fe GkJh w?A sK ni/ uzrk-Gbk jK, fJj sK s/o/ ;kEh dh wksk dk G'r j?.

;' nfijhnK p/s[ehnK rZbK ne;o T[d'A j[zdhnK jB, id'A n;hA nzfswnodk; torh wjZstg{oB o;w B{z th okiBhfse s/ ;wkfie fdykftnKdk o{g ftu pdb fdzd/ jK. id'A fe ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe nkgD/ wK-fgU dh fiT[Ad/-ihn iBw dkfsnK ti'A T[BQK Bz{ oZp dk o{g ;wM e/ ;/tkehsh ikt/. w/oh iku/ fe;/ th T[bkd tb'A nkgD/ wK-fgT[ Bz{ ;Zuh-;[ZuhFoXKibh j't/rh.

fJj th d/yD ftu nkT[Adk j? fe G'r dh ;wkgsh #s/ ;G s'A gfjbKs/ fes/-fes/ sK nodk; d/ ftueko jh ehosBhJ/ Y'behnK-tki/ s/wkfJnk ;w/N e/ nrb/ gq'rokw ftu gj[zuD dh ekjb ftu F{NK tZN b?Ad/jB. c/o jwksV ;kEhnK dk e"D ftukok fe fizBQK dk sK jo gb jh g?;/dh d"V s/ Gkrw-Gkr j'D eoe/ pVk jh ehwsh j?. FkfJd fJj jh ekoBj? fe n;hA th gftZso j[ewBkwk s/ gqFkd b?D ;w/A e'Jh nZr p[MkT[Dtorh ekjbh ftu j[zd/ jK. gktB w[Zy tke b?D ;w/A ekjb d/ wko/ eJh;ZiD sK Bk j[ewBkwk s/ Bk jh gqFkfd b?D dh }o{os ;wMd/ jB. pZ;T[j nkgD/ i'V/-i[ZshnK bZGD bJh sob'-wZSh j[zd/ }o{o t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB.pZ; fJj ekjbh s/ wkBf;e n;fEosk ;kv/ ihtB dk nzr pD u[Zeh j?.

fJ; soQK jh ni-eb dh GZi-BZm ftZu nodk;-i'dVh eod/ ;w/AnkgDh ;tkoE-f;ZXh s'A nZr/ NZg e/ e"D FjhdK-w[ohdK B{z :kd eo/ s/fco e"D ;opZs dk Gbk wzr/< fJ; gq;zr ftu n;hA nkgD/ xoK ftu thd/yd/ jK fe fJe gk;/ nyzv gkm eotkfJnk ik fojk j[zdk j? s/ d{i/ gk;/;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;tkok tkfg; SZvD ikD dh ekjb gJh jz[dh j?feT[Afe Fokp vZcD-ghD tkb/ b/N j' oj/ jz[d/ jB. fe;/ eth B/ fJ;gqEkfJ fezBk Y[etK fejk j? fe j[D sK xoK ftu gkm dk G'r fgS'A g?Adk

240

j? s/ p'sbK d/ vZN gfjbK y[Zb iKd/ jB. eth e?bth efjzdk j? feL

vZN p'sbK d/ gfjbK y[Zb iKd/, fgnk xo/ Bk gkm dk G'r j[zdk

fJ; gq;zr ftu fJj ;wMD dh b'V j? fe ;kvh nodk; f;oc ihGdk co/ph r/Vk jh BjhA j?. go j[D fJj'-e[M jh j' fojk j?. fJ; tk;s/j[D fJ; rZb dk fXnkB oZyDk }o{oh j' frnk j? fe ;kvh nodk; ftufJe gk;/ FjhdK dh Xow gqsh bk;kBh tckdkoh s/ e[opkBh dk f}eo j?ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;kvh Xow gqsh wBw[ysk s/ p/tckJh gqsy fd; ojh j?.

fJj d/y e/ j'o th j?okBh j[zdh j? fe d[BhnK B{z r[owfs dk \b;\kdZ;D tkfbnK B{z gsk BjhA eh j' iKdk j? fe ehosB iK eEk eod/ ;wA/fJj wkfJnk Bz{ mrDh s/ fpBK dzdK s'A d[BhnK B{z uZpD-ykD tkbh u[V/befjzd/ jB. go ehosB s'A pknd fJe gk;/ nodk; j' ojh j[zdh j? s/d{i/ gk;/ fJj wkfJnk ;w/N e/ GZiD d/ nkjo ftu j[zd/ jB. fJBQK Bz{d/y e/ j'o th nuzGk j[zdk j? fe id'A e'Jh efEs ;kX-;zs nkgD/ pj[sjh eohph w/o/-s[jkv/ tor/ gkghnK dhnK nkswktK B{z gzikp ftu skod/-skod/ ;G Bz{ nZX-ftueko jh SZv e/ ftd/F rwB bJh gsk BjhA feT[As/ ed'A T[vkoh wko iKd/ jB.

i/ fJBQK Bz{ g[ZfSnk ikt/ fe pkfpU! jkb/ sK fJXo ;kv/ d/F ftu jhp/nzs ekbhnK-G{ohnK nkswktK gJhnK jB, fco s[;hA ;kBz{ nXtkN/ SZve/ r'o/-r'ohnK d/ ;z;ko tZb feT[A s[o/ iKd/ j'. p; ne;o jh fJBQK dkitkp j[zdk j? fe GkJh T[E/ th FoXkb{ ;zrsK dhnK nkswktK B{z skoBkth sK }o{oh j?. fJ; ;ko/ Gdoeko/ pko/ Grs/-GkJh tkb/;[yfwzdo pokV dk nkgDk jh ftuko j? fe

;kX, rkfJe s/ B/sk gzikp'A uVQB s/ ftd/F'Aw[VB t/b/ d'B'A gkf;T[A yk e/ vekoB/ ih

i[Zsh fJe Bkb x[rhnK eJh e[ZNd/t/Ajd/ Bk eZbh-efjoh r[Nko tZb ih

w?B{z fJE/ fJe gq;zr v/fonK tkb/ ;kXK-;zsK dk BjhA, ;r'A e"w dhfJe jZ;sh dk :kd nk fojk j? fe id'A ykb;k f;oiDk fdt; wBkT[DbJh fsnkohnK }'oK-F'oK #s/ ;B. T[d'A jo gqki?eN ;pzXh w?B{z fJefBod/F j[zdk ;h fe gfjbK w?A fJ; gqki?eN dh o{go/yk s/ ftT[Aspzdh T[BQK

241

B{z ftyk btK. go ne;o jh n"eV fJj pDdh ;h fe ;oeko d/ fJj;bkjeko ih ftd/FK d/ d"o/ #s/ uVQ/ j[zd/ ;B. fJ; tk;s/ ;w/A dh feZbQsd/ ;Bw[y gqFk;B B{z Gkoh gq/FkBh j[zdh ;h. fJ; soQK d/ wkBf;e dpknd/ sfjs w?A fJe fdB fJj g[ZSD dh fjzws-fjwkes eo jh bJh fe j}{os[;hA fJE/ fJzBh ftF/F ;/tk SZv e/ ftd/FK d/ d"o/ #s/ fJzBK feT[A iKd/ j'.

;kv/ ofjB[wK ih dk w?B{z wmko e/ fdZsk itkp fJj ;h fe GkJh pkjoth sK nkswktK d/ Gb/ dh b'V j?. y?o! w?A p'bD i'rk sK e[ZM th BjhA;h, go w/o/ wB ftu fynkb nkfJnk fe eh fJE/ ;kohnK ekbhnKnkswktK dk gko fBskok j' frnk j? fe j[D i' r'ohnK nkswktK dk GbkeoB dh fJzBh b'V g? rJh j?. w//ok fJj wzBDk j? fe ;kv/ ftu ekbhnKG/vK dh ewh sK j[D th BjhA j?, fco gsk BjhA feT[A ;kv/ ;kX-;zs pkp/r'ohnK nkswktK dk Gbk eoB d/ ;pZph pjkB/ pDke/ rkfJeK tKr{zftd/FK B{z tjhoK xZsh iKd/ jB. j'o sK j'o w?B{z nkgD/ fJ; wkBf;edtzX dk itkp nZi sZe BjhA fwfbnk.

go fJe rZb ;gFN j? fe eh d/F s/ eh ftd/F jo EK #s/ b'enkgDh nkswk d/ Gb/ Bkb'A nkgD/ ;[Zy-;kXBK bJh g?;/ dh bkb;k tZXoZyd/ jB. nZi ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{ s/ y[d n;hA ;ko/ wkVh w'Nh ;/tk d/s[ozs w/t/ Gkbd/ jK. i/ ;kv/ f;nk;h bhvo b'Gh-bkbuh j'J/ p?m/ jB gon;hA nkg th sK ps"o u'Deko g?;/ s/ BF/-gZs/ b? e/ jh t'NK gk oj/ jK.;kvk g?;/ dk bkbu ;kB{z s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ B/skrDK B{z ni'e/ ;w/A d/d'XhnK s/ wkbhnK fijh wkVh wkBf;esk d/ fojk j?. ;kBz{ ;G Bz{ gsk j?fe d'Xh czvo wZMK Bz{ Nhe/ bk e/ u'Ad/ jB ns/ ;p}hnK phiD-T[rkT[Dtkb/ tkjhtkB t/bK-nbK Bz{ Nhe/ bk e/ oks'-oks jh eZd{ pDk e/ t/ud/jB. ;kv/ ;wki ftu ;po-;zs'y w[e u[ek j? s/ B?fse edoK-ehwsK d/BKn dh e'Jh uh} jh BjhA ofj rJh.

go g?;k j? feZE/< w/o/ fynkb ftu sK g?;k jo pzd/ dh i/p ftu jhj[zdk j?. go jKl fes/-fes/ fJj rzd ftu th fvZfrnk j[zdk j?, fi; tk;s/wkfJnk d/ b'Gh g?;/ dh ykfso wkV/ s'A wkVk ezw eoB s'A thr[o/} BjhA eod//. fco n;hA g?;/ dh ykfso jh nkgD/ jh GoktK dk rbk tZYDsZe iKd/ jK. fJ; bJh g?;/ dh d"V ftu i/s{ j'D bJh eJh gkgV t/bD/ s/

242

Yetzi eoB/ g?Ad/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ fe;/ b'Gh wkfJnkXkoh dk nkgD/ nkg ftutXhnk f;o-eg, rb-eN s/ yh;/-eZN j'Dk iK rzd-wzd co'bD ns/ g?;kbZGD dh ebk dk wkfjo j'Dk pj[sk }o{oh j?. p; d[BhnK Bz{ j[D @fJ}h-pZe# Gkt oks'-oks g?;k pDkT[D dh j'V bZrh j'Jh j?.

pj[s d/o s'A b[gs j' u[Zeh fJe b'e-ejkDh j[zdh ;h fe fJe u'o d/p/N/ G[Zy/ woB bZr/. fe;/ ;zs-wjKg[oy B/ T[BQK B{z dZf;nk fe s[jkvk fgT[sK woB s'A gfjbK g?;/ s[jkv/ y/s ftu dZp frnk ;h. pZ; fco eh ;hlT[; d/ g[Zso p; y/s g[ZND bZr/. e[M fdB pknd T[j ;zs fco T[; gkf;UAbzx/ sK g[ZsoK B/ frbk ehsk fe T[BQK B{z dZ;/ nB[;ko y}kBk BjhAfwfbnk. ;zsK B/ T[BQK B{z ;bkj fdZsh fe j[D Xosh B{z frZbk eoe/ T[;ftu nBki fybko d/t'. T[; s'A pknd s[jkB{z y}kBk bZG ikt/rk.

e[M ;w/A pknd T[E/ Gog{o c;b j'Jh. fi; ;dek T[j y[Fjkb j'rJ/. fJ; ejkDh dk f;ZNk fJj ;h fe u'oh-uekoh BjhA, ;r'A fwjBs s/;po-;zs'y dh ewkJh jh cb fbnkT[Adh j?. go nZi nfij/ B/e okjdZ;D tkb/ ;kv/ tv/o/ nkg th fwjBs s/ sZg-fsnkr dh f}zdrh s'A d{ofd;d/ jB. fco d[BhnK B{z r[opkDh dk gktB gkm @gkgK pkMj[ j't/ Bkjhw'fJnk ;kfE B ikJh# e"D ;[DkJ/ s/ fJ; B{z e"D Fpd noEK ;fjs b'eKB{z ;wMkJ/<

;z;ko Go ftu nekb g[oy nZr/ nodk;, i'dVh s/ d[nk dh jo fJepzd/ s'A b? e/ jo fJe ;wki s/ jo w[be ftu nkgDh jh fJe ftbZyDskj?. go fJ; gZy'A w?A ;wMdk jK fe w[;bwkBK dh d[nk ftu d' pj[stXhnk s/ ftF/F r[D jB. fJe sK fJBQK dh d[nk jw/FK jh @fJe nZbQk#B{z ;zp'fXs j[zdh j? s/ fJ; dk d{;ok r[D fJj j? fe w[;bwkB j'o ;GfBnkwsK s'A gfjbK szdo[;sh wzrdk j?. fJ; soQK fJ;kJh wZs ftuwB[Zysk d/ Gb/ dh rZb j[zdh j?, i' fe pj[s jh tXhnk gozgok j?.

fBo;zd/j f;ZyK dh nodk; th d[BhnK Go dhnK nodk;K ftu'AftbZyD j?. fJ; d/ ftu r[o{ ;kfjpkB s'A b? e/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dh ;wkiB{z d/D d/ f}eo s'A fJbktk i' ;G s'A ftF/F rZb j?, T[j fJj j? fe f;Zye"w nkgDh nodk; ftu wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ bJh @uVQdh ebk s/ ;opZs dkGbk# wzrdh j?.

243

pfjojkb ;kB{z ;G B{z fJj th fBZih nfj;k; s/ siopk j? fe n;hAfBo;tkoE j' e/ ;Zu/ wB'A ed/-edkJh jh fe;/ j'o dk Gbk wzrd/ jK. ;r'An;hA nkgD/ Bkb yVQ/ ;ZiD-fwZso s'A th p/ypo j' e/ nkgD/ bJh jh d[ZX-g[Zs wzrD ns/ j'o ;tkoEh ezwekiK d/ eZN/-tZS/ pzBQD ftu bZr/ j[zd/ jK.w?B{z :kd j? fe id'A w?A ;oft; eodk ;h sK w?B{z fe;/ B/ d;s{o-tZ; iK;ZuhA-w[ZuhA fdb'A jh efjDk fe T[;B{z e'Jh ;/tk dk w"ek fdT[ sK w/ok nkwjh itkp j[zdk ;h fe w/o/ Gb/ bJh nodk; eo d/Dk fe w?B{z b'eK dhGbkJh dh w'jbs s/ ;woEk fwbh oj/.

fJ; gqEkfJ fgZS/ fij/ w?B{z ni/ d/trD dh fJe fcbw ftu w/oh fJ;nk;Ek dk j{-p-j{ fuZsoD d/yD B{z fwfbnk. fJe rohp n"os B{z T[jrkj/-prkj/ wdd ti'A g?;/ fdzdk j? sK T[j n"os T[; B{z efjzdh j? fep/Nk s{z w/o/ bJh fJzBk e[M eo fojk j?A. go w?A ed/ th s/o/ bJh e[M eoBd/ ;woE BjhA j' ;eh. fJ; #s/ ni/ d/trD dk i' itkp ;h, T[j ;kohd[BhnK tk;s/ wkor doFB eoB dk ezw eodk j?. T[; dk itkp ;h fe@@nzwk! p; d[nk w/A w[M/ :kd oZyBk.##

;kB{z fJj th ;wMD dh p/jZd b'V j? fe nodk; d/ nkgD/ jh B/w j[zd/jB. GkJh oxpho f;zx pho B/ nkgDh g[;se @nodk; Fesh# ftufbfynk j? fe nodk; dk fdb Bkb pVk v{zxk ;pzX j?. fdb s'A fBebhnodk; s/ w{zj s'A fBebh nodk; ftu pVk coe j' ;edk j?. fi;nodk; ftu GktBk BjhA j?, T[j nodk; Bebh s/ Ugoh fijh nodk;j?. fJ; tk;s/ GkJh ;kfjp fbyd/ jB fe fi; Fesh iK fJFN dh s[;hAnokXBk eo oj/ j', T[; ;woE Fesh iK fJFN ftu s[jkvk g{oB Go';ks/ fdqVQ ftFtk; j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

;op FeshwkB nekb g[oy s/ T[; d/ to';kJ/ d?th FeshnK d/wkbe wjKg[oyK ftu s[jkvk nN[ZN ftFtk; j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJj f;ocikDekoh dh rZb BjhA, ;r'A v{zxh nk;Ek dh rZb j? fe nekb g[oy B/;kv/ ;"o wzvb ns/ T[; s'A th nZr/ skok wzvb B{z Ezw oZfynk j?. fJ; soQKjh fJ; @;op ;woE Fesh# B/ ;w[zdoK B{z wbwb d/ eZgV/ ftu pzfBQnkj'fJnk j?.

fco T[; s'A pknd fJj }o{oh j? fe nodk; eod/ ;w/A s[jkvk wB

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g{oB fNekn ftu j't/ s/ fJ; soQK fJe wB-fJe fuZs j' e/ g{oBfJekro fposh Bkb nodk; j' ojh j't/. fJj BjhA fe nodk; eod/;w/A s[jkv/ ftuko s/ fynkb fyzvo/-g[zvo/ j'D. fJ; soQK dh fJe wB-fJe fuZs fijh wkBf;e nt;Ek ftu ;ot FeshwkB Bkb s[jkvk ;ztkdg{oB u/szB FpdK d[nkok nodk; d/ o{g ftu j'Dk ukjhdk j? feT[A fe@@BkBe j[efw B ubJh, Bkfb y;fw ub? nodkf;..## dh ;kB{z ;G B{zszphj ehsh rJh j?.

fco fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kvh nodk; dh nkFk-wBFk ;kc s/ ;gFNj'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJ; ftu fBZi ;[nkoE s/ dt/F-GktBk dh e'Jh r[zikfJFBjhA j'Dh ukjhdh. ;r'A go;[nkoE s/ jo fe;/ d/ Gb/ dk nzF gqpb j'Dkukjhdk j?. fJ; bJh ;ot FeshwkB d/ ;Bw[Zy ;kvh i'dVh ftu fe;/pkbe dh wk;{whns s/ pfjpbsk gqsZy j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJ; s'A nZr/ ;kvhnfvZr-nv'b nk;Ek s/ fdqVQ ftFtk; dh b'V j?. fJ; bJh fi; FeshB{z n;hA nkgDh no}'Jh ftu fXnk oj/ jK, T[; dh ;woEk ftu ;kvkg{oB Go';k j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

d[BhnK s/ d[BhnKdkoK d/ FpdK ftu fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fegfjbK sK ;kB{z fJj ;gFN gsk j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe s[;hA fe; ngozwgkoFesh dh nokXBk eo oj/ j'. fco T[; Fesh dh ;woEk ftu fezfuswkso th ;kB{z e'Jh Fzek BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh. fw;kb d/ s"o #s/ ne;o jhjwksV ;kEh nodk; eod/ ;w/A fJ; Fzek ftu nk iKd/ jK fe gsk BjhAfe nekb g[oy B{z ;kv/ :[Zr d/ seBheh ftfFnK s/ fJwfsjkBK dkfrnkB j? th fe Bjh< fJ; soQK jh i/ n;hA fpibh dk pbp irkT[Dkj't/, go n;hA p/fXnkBh ftu gZy/ dk ;ftZu BZg e/ o'FBh bZGd/ j'JhJ/ sKfJj ;kvh w{oysk jh j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh nodk; eod/ ;w/A wkBf;efJekrosk dh p/nzs b'V j?.

fco rhsk T[gd/F d/ w[skfpe ;kvk fJe wB-fJe fuZs fJj nehdkj'Dk ukjhdk j? fe @i' j'fJnk j?, i' j' fojk j? s/ i' j't/rk, T[j ;G e[ZMnekb g[oy dh o}k ftu pj[s uzrk j' fojk j?#. fJE'A sZe fdqVQ Go';/d/ Bkb-Bkb s[jkvh nodk; rhsk ;zd/F w[skfpe cb gqkgsh dh T[whd iKFzek s'A ofjs j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJ; ;{os ftu r[opkDh dk nkd/F @fpoEh

245

ed/ B j'tJh iB eh nodkf;# ntZF jh GbhG{s j[zdk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ jh rhsk T[gd/F s'A b? e/ r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp d/ ;zd/F se pzd/Bz{ oZp dh o}k ftu jh B/e eow eoB bJh fejk frnk j? s/ cb dhfJZSk dh wBkjh ehsh j?. ;r'A fJ;kJh ws ftu sK cb dh fJZSk eoBeoe/ pzd/ Bz{ ;tor s'A th eY/ ikD dk fJbkjh f}eo j?. r"osbp j? fefJ; B[es/ s/ g{op s/ gZSw tkfbnK dk fJe jh \b;\k j? s/ ;ko/f\bk;\o fJ; w[Zd/ s/ fJe wZs jB. fco w[jzwd fJepkb B/ nkgD/ftbZyD nzdk} ftu d[BhnK Bz{ ][dk, fJpkds s/ swzBk pko/ fJe jh fFnoftu nEkj frnkB d/ fdsk j?L-

;[dkroh BjhA :/ fJpkds ][dk eh j?n? p/ypo i}k eh swZBk Gh S'V d/

fJ; tk;s/ ;G s'A tZX }o{oh fJj j? fe s[;hA p/FZe nkgDk Gbk izw-izw wzr', go feDek wkso th fe;/ dk p[ok Bk wzr'. ;opZs d/ Gb/ ftujh s[jkvh nkswk s/ s[jkv/ ;ohfoe ikw/ dk Gbk j?. go i/ n;hA ftukoe/ d/yhJ/ sK n;hA sK ;kvh nodk; ftu ed/ b'G-bkbu, fBZi ;[nkoE s/fBZih wzrK s'A ed/ T[go T[m/ jh BjhA. fJ; s'A nZr/ n;hA fe;/ p/rkB/ iKnkgD/ fto'Xh dk Gbk sK eh wzrDk ;h, ;r'A n;hA sK nkgD/ ;ke ;pzXhnKs/ r[nKY wZE/ d/ ;ZiD-fwZsoK s'A th fpbe[b p/ypo nkgDh nodk; ftuf;oc nkgD/ jh ;[nkoEK s/ fBZih wzrK dh MVh bk fdzd/ jK. n;hA nkgD/fJFN d/t B{z nodk; eoB ;w/A nkgDhnK b'VK-wzrK dk ftUok fJT[A d/oj/ j[zd/ jK fe fit/A n;hA fe;/ j'Nb ftu pfjo/ B{z whB{z ekov gVQ e/ ykD/dk nkovo d/ oj/ j'JhJ/. fJ; gqEkfJ eth fbydk j? feL-

oZpk nkj d/ d/, oZpk Uj d/ d/jjo e'Jh wzrdk oZp B{z tys gkfJnk

e'Jh NZb yVek e/ wzrdk J/pKrk d/ d/ fe;/ B/ p"AdbkfJnk

j'o sK j'o nodk; eod/ ;w/A ;kvh Beb'-joes s/ jkt-Gkt d/yDtkb/ j[zd/ jB. e'Jh nkgD/ jh f;o #s/ nkg jh jZE oZy e/ fwjo Go/fJbkjh jZE dh pyfFF wzr fojk j[zdk j?. e'Jh nkgD/ jh e[Vs/ dh M'bhnZvh yVQk j[zdk j? s/ wkfJnk dh pyfFF wzr fojk j[zdk j?. seohpB n;hA

246

;ko/ jh don;b oZp B{z efj oj/ j[zd/ jK feL-

nkJ/ s/o/ ;z;ko ftu n?F eoBh, SZgo gkV e/ d/j p/nzs wkfJnk;dk wzfrnk @e?bth# oZp e'b'A, ;kv/ f;o #s/ fwjo dk eo ;kfJnk

w/oh wK w?B{z ne;o fejk eodh ;h fe r[opkDh d/ c[owkB nB[;konekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ fpBK p'fbnK jh ;G e[ZM ikDdk j?. fJ; tk;s/s[jkvh pj[s @S'Nh nodk;# ftu w[Zy s"o #s/ fJe wB-fJe fuZs j' e/f;oc szdo[;sh s/ pb-p[ZXh dh pyfFF dh no}'Jh jh j'Dh ukjhdh j?.go w?A ;wMdk jK fe n;hA d[BhnKdko fJ; ftdtsk Gog{o B;hjs dkwjZst ed/ th BjhA ;wMd/. p; jwksV ;kEh nkgDhnK b'VK-E[VK s/ro}K d/ wko/ jw/FK jh nkgDhnK fBZih b'VK B{z nodk; d[nkok nekbg[oy nZr/ go';/ tKrz{ go';d/ ofjzd/ jK.

fJE'A sZe fe n;hA wZEk N/eD t/b/ th wB'-fuZs'A nkgD/ nkg B{z T[;tkfjr[o{ B{z ;wofgs BjhA eod/. ;r'A ;kv/ ftyktk o{gh wZEk N/eD s/wkfJnk uVQkT[D d/ nvzpo t/yD tkb/ jh j[zd/ jB. fco nBkT{;w?ANKd[nkok nkgDk BKn s/ nwhoh T[ikro eoB tkb/ uVQktk uVQkT[D tkfbnKdh th ;kv/ ftu e'Jh ewh BjhA j?. nkgD/ fJFN-d/t d/ ;kjwD/ iK ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ ;kjwD/ wZEk N/eD tkb/ FoXkb{nK tb'A T[E/ iwxN/d/ ekoB g?;/ trkj e/ wkoBk ;kvh fJe wip{oh pD rJh j?.

fJj jh BjhA ;r'A tZv/-tZv/ r[od[nkfonK s/ wzdoK ftu sKwZf;nk-;zroKdK dh GhV d/ ekoB wZEk th s[jkv/ n;o-o;{y s/ gqpzXeK d/;fj:'r Bkb jh ;"yk N/fenk ik ;edk j?. BjhA sK, nkw gpfbe sK xzfNnKpZXh wZEk N/eD dh T[whd s/ T[vhe ftu yVh ofjzdh j?. go id'A wZEk N/eD dh tkoh nkT[Adh j? sK T[E/ fJBQK XZek g?Adk j? fe ne;o jh fJe d{i/d/ g?oK ftu f;o s/ gZrK o[bD dk wkVk B}kok fd;dk j?. fJ; gy'A Xkofweew/NhnK s/ gqpzXe r'beK d/ g?;/ frDB s/ ;zGkbD bJh f}nkdk fuzsks[o s/ssgo fd;d/ jB, go T[j ;zrsK s/ FoXkb{nK bJh b'VhAd/ fJzs}kw eoBbJh e'Jh f}nkdk T[s;[e s/ T[sFkfjs BjhA brd/.

id'A ed/ th w?A dopko ;kfjp frnk jK sK fJ; gk;/ gqpzXeK dkfXnkB fdtkfJnk j?. go pkti{d fJ; d/ fe T[j jw/FK jh w/o/ Bkb fJ;gy'A ;fjws j'J/ jB, go gowkswk ikDdk j? fe goBkbk T[E/ dk T[E/

247

jh fojk j?. w/ok j[D th 300 ;kbk ykb;k f;oiDk fdt; d/ siop/ d/nXko —s/ fJe ;[Mkn j? fe ;zrs Gkt/A eo'VK dh frDsh ftu j't/, goi/ iB ;w{j dh GhV Bz{ fJe Xkok gqtkj d/ sfjs brksko ;zuko d/ fdskikt/ sK iwxN/ s/ GrdVQ dh r[zikfJF pj[s jh xN iKdh j?.

;zB 1999 ftu ps"o fvgNh efwFBo w?A ;odko wfjb f;zx G[ZboJ/HvhHihHghH Bkb fJj :ehBh pDkfJnk ;h fe ;zrsK dhnK tjhoKp/o'e-N'e ubdhnK ikD. wsbp fJj fe nfsnzs GhV s/ c;-c;kn dh;fEsh ftu Nq?fce Bz{ ezNo'b eoB dh pikJ/ vh-ezNo'b eoB dh f}nkdk}o{os j[zdh j?. w[edh rZb fJj j? fe ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ ;w[Zu/gqpzXK s/ yk; eoe/ Nq?fce fJzs}kwK d/ ;zdoG ftu tkfjr[o{ dh ebk jhtosh ns/ f;tb gqFk;B s/ g[fb; dk fJj ;KMk gq:sB fJzBQK ekw:kpj'fJnk fe T[d'A d/ w[y wzsoh ;odko gqekF f;zx pkdb j[D sZe th efjzd/;[D/ ik ;ed/ jB fe T[d'A ˜BK sK pzdk g?Auo j'fJnk s/ BK jh e'Jh;kJheb g?Auo j'fJnk˜.

y?o! ;qh jowzfdo ;kfjp fty/ ;zrsK B{z ;[y-nokw ;fjs wZEk N/eDdh ;j{bs d/D tk;s/ w/ok ;[Mkn j? fe ;zrsK Bz{ w[Zy d[nko s'A jh jh;o'to d/ i' uko/ gk;/ toKv/ jB, T[BQK ftu bkJhB-pZX sohe/ Bkb uZbDdh p/Bsh eoB ns/ fJ; :sB Bz{ f;o/ ukVQB dh b'V j?.

ub' rZb ub ojh ;h fe ni'e/ ;w/A ftu ;kvh FoXk s/ nk;Ek dkw{b nXko f;oc g?;/ dh gqkgsh jh ofj frnk j?. n;hA jw/FK jh gqsZys"o #s/ nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ nZr/ @jkJ/ g?;k-jkJ/ g?;k# dh p"jVh-d[jkJheod/ jK. fJ; bJh wkfJnk dh gqkgsh d[nkok go;{ s'A go;k s/ fcogo;/ s'A ;/m go; okw pDB dh nfsqgs bkb;k ;kv/ ;G T[go p/jZdjkth j?. 1950ftnK ftu @go;{, go;k, go; okw fw; wkfJnk e/ shBBkw# dh b'e f;nkDg fgzvK s/ BroK ftu nkw ;[Dh-;[DkJh iKdh ;h.fJ; soQK jh fJ; gq;zr ftu T[d'A e[ZM e[ ekft-N'Ne/ fit/A fe @JhFtonZbQk s/o' Bkw ;G e' ;zwsh d/j GrtkB# dh EK #s/ @fpobk-NkNk s/o' Bkw;G e' ;zgsh d/j GrtkB# gqf;ZX ;B.

fe;/ th pzd/ d/ d[BhnK s'A e{u-Brko/ tiD s'A pknd T[; dh nzfswnodk; ftu 9t/A gkfsFkj d/ fJ; gqEkfJ XB-b'G d/ Fb'e ;[DB T[gozs

248

th ;kvh nodk; ftu ;tortk;h nkswk d/ fgZS/ ofj rJ/ gfotkfoeiBK d/ ]}kB/ Gog{o eoB dk jh nkyoh s'Vk MVdk j?. fJE/ jh pZ; BjhA;ke-;pzXh s/ fwZsoK B/ T[; ;w/A i' wZEk N/eD dh nkV ftu r[o{-xo B{zwkfJe wdd o{gh gzih-d;h uVQkJh j[zdh j?, T[BQK d/ ezB th fJ; gk;/ bZr/j[zd/ jB fe ed'A nodk;hnk fJj ej/ fe @fiBQK ]}kfBnK s'A wkfJnknkJh j?, j/ ikDh-ikD nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ T[BQK ]}kfBnK B{z Gog{ooZyDk#. ;' n;hA id'A ed/ th wZEk N/ed/ jK sK o[gJ/-g?;/ iK e'Jh j'oehwsh uVQktk uVQk e/ fJj ;wMd/ jK fe fit/A n;hA nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{s/ nkgD/ fJFN-d/tK dh e'Jh pj[s tZvh wkfJe wdd eo fdZsh j?.

fco fJ; s'A fJbktk tfjr[o{ d/ ;Bw[Zy ;kvh nodk; ftu fiE'A sZe;kvhnK uzrhnK-wkVhnK d[fBnkth ykfjFK dh g{osh dk ;tkb j?l n;hAfJj ;wMd/ th jK fe ;kvh ;z;kfoe gZy s'A wzr u'oh-uekoh s/ mZrh-m'ohtk;s/ jh j?. go fco th n;hA nkgDhnK wkVhnK ykfjFK dk NZN{ X{V ftuGikT[D'A BjhA jNd/. p/FZe fJ; eoe/ jh ;kvhnK d[nktK s/ nodk;K j[D;kvh nkgDh jh o 'b-rd 'b wkBf;esk eoe / p /-noE s /p/-n;o j' rJhnK jB. fJ; ;pzX ftu \kfora p[]koh dk pj[s jhY[ZetK fFno j? feL-

fesB/ w[jsks j?A fJ; Ffjo e/ nfjb/-JhwKSsohnK skB e/ pkfoF eh d[nk eos/ j?A

fco id'A ;z;ko ftu fe;/ ;zeN ftu fxo/ p/rkfBnK tk;s/ fes/wB[Zysk-wkBtsk d/ BKn #s/ gqkEBk dh rZb nkT[Adh j? sK n;hA nkgDhnodk; ftu ed/ T[BQK dk f}eo sZe th BjhA eod/. j'o sK j'ol n;hAsK nodk; eod/ ;w/A oZp d/ ;kjwD/ sK eh ;Zu/ j'Dk j?, ;r'A n;hA sKnkgD/ nkg bJh th ;Zu/ BjhA jz[d/. fco j'o th nc;'; dh rZb j? fe n;hAnksfwe s/ nfXnksfwe s"o #s/ nkgD/ jh g?o e[jkVh wko oj/ j[zd/ jKfe id'A n;hA nkgDh nodk; ftu nkgD/ fto'Xh dk B[e;kB eoB dhwkVh ;'u s/ gqftosh Bkb T[; dh Nzr N[ZND s'A b? e/ T[; d/ pkb-pZfunKB{z g[Dd/ jK.

w[edh rZb fJj j? fe n;hA ne;o nkg M{m/ jz[d/ jK s/ UBhnK jhM{mhnK j[D ;kvhnK d[nktK ;kfps j' ojhnK jB. ;kvh wkBf;e ;fEsh

249

fpbe[b @prb w/A S[oh wz{j w/A okw-okw# pDh j'Jh j?. n;hA pkjo'A fJzB/;Zu/-;[Zu/ fd;d/ jK, go ;kv/ nzdo'A Sb-egN jh MbeK wkodk j?. ;kvhfJ; Bekoksfwe gqftosh d/ ;zpzX ftu FkfJo jkFwh B/ pV/ jhftnzr-ftT[A Bkb fejk j?.

w?A T[; eh jo fJe pks e' fe; soj Bk wkBz{t'j M[m th p'b/A s' ;Zuk ;k br/ j?

fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe oj/ oZp dk BKn, fe nZi-eZbQ M{m,co/p s/ gyzv dk p'bpkbk fJzBK j' frnk j? fe ;kv/ ;ko/ ihtB ftu e{VQjh e{V dk w[bzQwk fd;dk j?. fJ; bJh FkfJo efjzdk j? fe T[; dk;kEh-Fohe id'A M{m th p'bdk j? sK T[j ;Zu bZrdk j?. fJ; ;ko/ gq;zrftu gzikph ;wki ftu Y/o ;fwnK s'A ;"Aj u[eD iK ;"Aj ykD dk gqubDj?.fJE'A sZe fe nkw p'b-ukb ftu fejk iKdk j? fe wjkoki u[e e/ ;"Ajykj sK s/ok ;Zu wzfBnK ikT{rk. j[D sK fJj e'jM fJzBK tZX frnk j? fei/ e'Jh rbs rZb th ;jh s;dhe eoBh-eokT[Dh j't/ sK }'o-F'o Bkb;ZE-go/Q ftu ;"Aj-;[rzX yk bT[, p; ;wM' fe s[jkvh rZb ;Zuh j' rJh j?.;kvh fJ; wkVh ;wkfie gqftosh dh soiwkBh fJj p'bh eodh j? fe fJep'bh th j? fe @pZeoh B/ T{m izfwnk, ;"Aj oZp dh M{m Bk p'bK#.

fJ; bJh jh fe;/ fuzse B/ fJj fejk j? fe nZi-eZbQ id'A e'Jh d[nkth eodk j? sK T[j drk jh bZrdh j?. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe nZin;hA nodk; eoB tkb/ y[d jh dzGh s/ gyzvh j' rJ/ jK. fco ;kvhnKnodk; p/BshnK th fJzBhnK fBZih s/ ;[nkoEh j' rJhnK jB fe n;hAnkgDh jh ephbdkoh d/ eZN/-tZS/ pzBQd/ ofjzd/ jK ns/ go;[nkoE s/gowkoE dh rZb G[Zb e/ th BjhA eod/. ;kvhnK fJj' fijhnK wB'fposhnKs/ ;z;kfoe gqftoshnK d/ ;zdoG ftu ;kv/ bJh f;ZXk s/ ;gFN pkp/BkBe dk @S'vhb/ gkyzvk# tork c[owkB j?.

nc;'; nodk; eod/ ;w/A ;kv/ wBK dhnK i' GktBktK j[zdhnK jBlT[j pZ; nkgD/ ;[nkoE s/ wzst f;ZXh #s/ e/Adfos jz[dhnK jB. Fpd r[o{,r[o{ ;kfjpkB, ;zsK-GrsK s/ FjhdK-w[ohdK gqsh ;kvk BK wkso fijkgqrNktk j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh jh nekb g[oy d/ ;Bw[Zy ;kvhnK wB'fposhnKs'A T[gih ;kvh fJ; d"o dh nodk;-p/Bsh pko/ fe;/ FkfJo B/ E'VQ/ fij/

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FpdK ftu fezB/ ;funko/ s/ ;gFN o{g ftu fpnkB ehsk j? fe np s'd[nk Gh eo{z s' drk ;h br/ j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe wB[Zy B{z w[esh wkor d/ okj#s/ ubd/ j'J/ nkgDhnK nzsoht nksfwe GktBktK B{z fBZi ;[nkoE s'AT[go u[e e/ gowkoE s/ nfXnksfwe gZXo #s/ fbikD dh b'V j?. fcofJj jh fJe o;sk j? fe fi; okjhA wB[Zysk wkBth s/ B?fse edoKehwsK B{z XkoB eoe/ wkBtsk dh g"Vh uVQ ;edh j?. fJ; soQK jh e'Jhftnesh —nkdwh s'A fJB;kB — pD ;edk j?. fJ; bJh }o{oh j? fe n;hAxZN'-xZN nodk; eod/ ;w/A fe;/ dk p[ok Bk fusthJ/, ;r'A ;opZs dkGbk jh wzrhJ/. fJ; tk;s/ n;hA fJj j'o th :ehBh pDkJhJ/ fe ;kvhnodk; ;kv/ nzsoht wB dhnK B/e ykfjFK dk r/V pD/. fJj edkfuZsth Bk j't/ fe w"i{dk ;w/A tKr ;kvh nodk; ihG d/ j/o-c/o s/ co/p dkbZy-bZy r/Vk jh pDh oj/. fJ; tk;s/ f;oc s/ f;oc pkpk BkBe d/T[gd/F @fet ;funkok j'Jhn?# B{z wBK ftu t;kT[D dh p/nzs b'V j?.

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n;hA eh fe;/ dk eo}k d/Dk j?<gzikp f;o ;zB 1984 s'A pknd eo}k uVQB dh ezB;'n j[D Fo/nkw

pK-pKn dk o{g Xko u[eh j?. gzikp ftu nZstkd d/ d"o ;w/A @fJeeo/bk s/ T[s'A fBzw ufVQnk# tkbh rZb fJj j'Jh fe fJe gk;/ ;kvk;wkfie szso fpyo frnk s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;kvk nkofEe YKuk ftrV frnk.p/FZe T[; ;w/A d/ j'J/ yofunK s/ ftZsh B[e;kBK dh ;KMh f}zw/tkoh sK ;kv/d/F s'A ;{p/ sZe f;nk;h s/ Xkofwe ofjB[wktK dh pDdh j?. coe f;ocfJzBK jh j? fe fJ; Bk g{o/ j'D tkb/ xkN/ dk e"D fezBK tZX s/ fezBK xZNf}zw/tko j?, go fJ; ekoF?skBh dk ntkw B{z jo gZy'A p/jZd B[e;kBj'fJnk j?. fJ; soQK eZ[M bwfjnK s/ e[M e[ pzfdnK dh rbsh ;koh e"wdk y"n pD iKdh j?. e"w d/ nfij/ jkbksK d/ ;zdoG ftu FkfJo@w[}Zco o}wh# B/ fejk j?-

:/ ipo Gh d/yk j? skoh] eh B}o'A B/bwj'A B/ ]sk eh Eh ;dhUA B/ ;}k gkJh

gzikp ftu nZstkd B/ T[j ibt/-ib"n fdykJ/ jB fe gzikp dhs"pk-s"pk eok fdZsh j?. T[d'A nZstkd d/ fdBK ftu bkn n?Av nkovo d/Bkw #s/ gzikp ftu fJzBh fwbNoh s/ g?ok-fwbNoh c'o; bZrh fe fJ;d/ you/ th gzikp d/ ftZs'A pkjo j' rJ/. d/F dh nzdo{Bh ;[ofynk s/ joBkrfoe dh ikB-wkb dh okyh tk;s/ ;kb'-;kb nopK o[gJ/ o'VQB/ gJ/. T[; ;w/A f}nkdk sK rtoBoh oki fojk, go fco th fijVhnk T[j;oekoK nkJhnK, T[BQK Bz{ ;?ANo s'A ;[ofynk fjZs ;[ofynk pbK dh tZvhB\oh e[we ti'A gzikp ftu p[bkT[Dh gJh. p/FZe ;kB{z ;G B{z gsk ;h fefJe fdB fJj T[Xko-;Xko dk ;"dk wfjzrk g?Dk j?, go n;hA jkbks jhnfij/ pDk bJ/ ;B fe T[d'A fJB;kBh ikB-wkb dh oZfynk tk;s/ pkjohfJwdkd s'A fpBK j'o e'Jh ukok th BjhA fd;dk ;h.

;'! fJj p/FZe ;G e[M wip{oh tZ; j'fJnk ;h, go i/ fJ; ;ko/tosko/ dh sfj sZe ikfJnk ikt/ sK rZb p/FZe e"Vs[zw/ fizBh e"Vh bZr/, go fJfsjk; jh dZ;/rk fe n;hA y[d gzikp s/ yk; eoe/ gzEe ;'utkbhnK B"itkB iE/pzdhnK d/ fto[ZX @nZr bkJh s/ vZp{ ezX #s/# torhnK

252

nfs fxB"DhnK eos{sK th ehshnK jB. y?o! i' e[ZM j'fJnk j[D T[; dk][dk ratkj j?. go fJ; ;ko/ ;zdoG ftu i/ gzikp f;o uVQ/ 70-72j}ko eo'V d/ gZy'A d/fynk ikJ/ sK @fwo}k rkfbp# dk fJj fFnopj[s e[M efj iKdk j?L-

eo} eh ghs/ E/ w: b/feB ;wMs/ E/ fe jKozr bkJ/rh jwkoh ckek-w;sh J/e fdB

j[D fJ; soQK @d/F dk nzBdksk# ;dkT[Adk gzikp ][d fJzBk eo}kJhj' u[Zek j? fe gzikphnK dhnK d' e[ ghVQhnK sK e/Ado ;oeko d/ fJzB/ tZv/eo} dk @Fkj{ekok# ftnki Gkt @uZeotosh ftnki# s/ ghBb fJzNo;Nbkj[zdhnK jh w[Ze ikDrhnK. ekfpb/ ra"o j? fe gzikp s/ gzikphnK dhfe;ws ftu ftj[ wksk B/ gsk BjhA eh fsZb-u"bh oZy fdZsh j? fe ed/fJj @f;oK d/ wkwb/ sko e/# d//F bJh n}kdh gqkgs eod/ jB s/ ed/d/F dh oZfynk bJh ;ojZdK #s/ gqkD nkj{shnK fdzd/ jB. fco ed/ nkgD/jh @d/F d/ w[BhwK-]}kBuhnK# d/ eo}kJh j' iKd/ jB. fJ; f;bf;b/ftu @fBdk \k}bh# d/ ;[yB nB[;ko gzikp tk;h sK nkT[D tkb/ ;w/Aftu ;[nk;-;[nk; eo}/ d/ Gko j/m fvZrd/-Yfjzd/ eo}/ dk ftnki jhw'Vd/ ofjDr/L-

ip sZe ihJ/ fpyos/ oj/, N{Ns/ oj/jo ;K;-;K; eo} eh, ;{os ndk j{J/

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gsk BjhA oZp B{z eh wB}{o j? fe gzikp tk;hnK dhnKfezBhnK jh j'o ghVQhnK ;kv/ ni'e/ nkr{nK s'A fwbh @eo}/ dh ftok;s# dkw{bXB tkg; w'VB d/ rXh-r/V ftu gJhnK ofjDrhnK. fco T[BQK B{z j'ofezBh e[ y[Fkwd s/ wSzdrh G'rDh gt/rhl fJj sK oZp dhnK oZp jh ikD/. fJj ;Zu j? fe eo}/ dk sK BKn jh wkVk j[zdk j?. @skfpF wfjzdh# dkfJ; ;zdoG ftu eEB pj[s jh wkfJnB/ Gog{o j?, fi; B{z fe ;kv/ bhvoKB/ fSZe/ Nzr e/ oZy fdZsk j?. T[; dk efjDk j? feL-

BjhA j? xo w/A wkb'-}o s' e:k rawftok;s w/A wro eo}/ Bk oyBk

id'A gzikp d/ T[s/ fJj nDwB[Zyk s/ nDj'fJnk fJj Xow ;zeNnkfJnk ;h sK ;kok d/F jh e"wh ;[oZfynk d/ Bkw #s/ fJ; B{z jZb eoB

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bJh sob' wZSh j'fJnk fcodk ;h. fJ; tk;s/ seohpB 14 ;kb d/pBtk; tor/ bzw/ ;w/A ftu ncok-scoh d/ dktkBb dh itkbkw[yh torhft;c'fNe ;fEsh B{z ezNo'b eoB bJh d/F dh ;?Bk s/ Bhw c"ih d;fsnKB{z gzikp dh wdd d/ Bkw #s/ G/fink frnk ;h.

j[D id'A ;zeN Nb frnk j? sK ;fEsh @G{nk-Gshi/# tkb/ foFs/ s'Apdb e/ @s{z e"D s/ w?A e"D# tkbh pD rJh j?. j[D e/Ado nkgD/ tZb'AG/ihnK ;[oZfynk ;/tktK dk th w[Zb t;{b fojk j?. j[D e/Ado fpbe[bFkj{ekok fposh nB[;ko @r[VQ d/ g?;/ s/ r[VQ tkb/ g?;/# ;w/s @Fkj{ekokftnki# t;{b fojk j?. j[D id'A ed/ gzikp tZb'A G[Zb-u[Ze e/ eo}k w[nkchdh e'Jh rZb j[zdh j? sK e/Ado dk itkp e[ZM fJT[A fijk ftnzr Gog{o j[zdkj? fe @o'fvnk! nkgDk d'jK dk ezw ;fonk-tfonkl uZb! Goktk nZr/ B{zth fwbdk-frbdk ojhA#.

go gzikp d/ f;o ;jh eo}k fezBk j? ns/ fco d/F s/ ;wki d/ bJhf;o uVQkJ/ fJ; eo}/ dk fezBk e[ ;d-T[g:'r s/ bkG j'fJnk j?< fJ;pko/ e'Jh s\;ok iK ftuko-tNKdok ed/ ft;Eko ftu BjhA j'fJnk.;[nkb fJj j? fe i/ e"wh ftek; bJh e'Jh eo}k fbnk frnk j? ns/ T[;dk d{Dk-u"Dk bkG fbnk ik fojk j? sK nfij/ eo}/ dk u[eDk sK mhefejk ik edk j?. go i/ fJj eo}k ftek; dh EK ftBkFekoh gqftoshnKd/ @JhAXD-pkbD# tKrz{ nZstkd dh GZmh ftu jh M'fenk frnk j? sK fJjw;bk jh j'o j?, fi; pko/ eo}k b?D-d/D tkbhnK ;oekoK tb'A d'sockspkdbk-fynkb j'D p/jZd }o{oh j?. fco'}g[ohnk e?bth fJ; gqEkfJefjzdk j? feL-

eo}k b? e/ eo}k T[sko ojh J/;kvh w'shnK tkbh ;oeko eo}k

fJ; tk;s/ e/Ado ;oeko Bz{ th ukjhdk j? fe T[j ;{pk ;oekoK dh;ogq;s j'D ti'A gzikp d/ Bkb phs/ fJ; @d[F"AN/# dk Gko tzvkt/, go i/;?ANo ;oeko fJ; d/ T[bN F?e;ghno d/ ezi{;-wZyh u{; @Fkj{ekoFkJhb"e# tKrz{ gkT{Av wk; b?D bJh pf}Zd j? sK fJj mhe BjhA j?. p;gzikp Bz{ fJ; ;zdoG ftu @pFho cko{eh# d/ fFno nB[;ko nkgD/nkg B{z fJj jh ;wM"sh-gqukT[Dh d/ b?Dh pDdh j? feL-

254

nkg B/ d/y bhnk e?;k wjkiB j? :/ tesfe;e/ ;o eo} j? n"o e"B u[ekB/ fBeb/

fco fJ; gq;zr ftu gzikp ;oeko Bz{ ;kvh fJe g[okDh b'e ejkts@wzrD frnk ;' wo frnkl wzrD w{b Bk ikj# s'A th ;pe b?D dh b'Vj?. ;oeko B{z ukjhdk j? fe T[j fJBQK wkV/ nkofEe jkbksK ftu gzikpd/ noEuko/ Bz{ nkgDh jh b[ZN-y;Z[N s'A puk e/ gzikp Bz{ fco s'A nkofEes/ ;wkfie s"o #s/ ;t?wkBh nzBdksk s/ d/F dh pbFkbh G[ik pDkt/.

eo}/ d/ fJ; gq;zr ftu fJj sK e/Ado s/ ;{pk ;oeko d/ dofwnkBhnkofEe b?D-d/D dh rZb j?. fpbe[b fJ; soQK dk jh nkofEe toskokgzikp ;oeko s/ gzikp d/ @feo;kD s/ feo;kDh# d/ dofwnkB tosfojk j?. gzikp d/ feo;kD d/ f;o i' eo}k j?, T[j th pZ; ;wM bT[fe ftnki-do-ftnki j' e/ feo;kDh d/ fts'A pkjo j' fojk j?. fJ;bJh p/FZe e/Ado ;oeko dk eo}k gzikp ;oeko d/ f;o j? iK fcogzikp ;oeko dk eo}k feo;kDh d/ f}zw/ j?, go eo} sK eo} jh j?s/ fi; dk Bkw b?Dk th wkVk j?. fJ; eo}/ dk G[rskB fe; sohe/ Bkbs/ ed'A sZe j'Dk ukjhdk j?, fJ; ;wZf;nk ;pzXh d[tZb/ ftuko tNKdo/T[gozs e'Jh jZb-T[gkn bZfGnk ikDk p/jZd }o{oh j?.

go ;kv/ f;o uVQ/ eo}/ gqsh ;kv/ b'eK dk fJj o[y-otZJhnk th nfswkVk j? fe @n;hA fejVk fe;/ dk eo}k d/Dk j?#. ;kvk fJj @ubD# s/fco ;kvh eo}k Bk w'VB dh gqftosh s/ ;kvh @;ehw# nfs nkswxkshs/ @nZvhnK u[Ze e/ ckjk b?D# fijh j?. ;kv/ bJh wzdGkrh rZb fJj j? fen;hA ;ko/ b[ZND-e[ZND d/ YzrK-tzrK dh m/e/dkoh pDk oZyh j?.

b[ZND-e[ZND dk jZe ;oeko dk j?iBsk skJhA j? woB dk jZe fwfbnkfGqFNkuko rohph wfjzrkJh nzdo

gF{nK tKr fYZv GoBk dk jZe fwfbnkg{zihgsh w[Bkck pN'o ;edk

wrowZSK B{z soB dk jZe fwfbnk;kv/ d/F ftu @e?bth# w"i ;kB{zy[de[FhnK eoB dk jZe fwfbnk

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;wMD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe g[okD/ b'e fejk eod/ ;B fe pkDhJ/dk g?;k sK fiE/ th oj/ T[E/ jh ;{zdk ofjzdk j?. fJ; tk;s/ fijVk eo}kfe;/ d/ th f;o j't/, T[; eo}/ B/ fdB-oks ;{d-ftnki ;{zd/ ofjDk j?.fco fJe fdB ;wK g? e/ eo} d/ @w{bXB# B/ nkgD/ g[Zs @;{d# ;w/s fJj;{os nyfsnko eo b?Dh j[zdh j? fe eo}dko T[; Bz{ ;w/ND-;ze'uD d/ekfpb jh BjhA ofj iKdk. fco T[; jkbs ftu id'A eo}k e[oeh d/ o{gftu f;o uVQ e/ p'bdk j? sK eo}dko dh okw-;Zs p[bk fdzdk j?.

fiE'A sZe nkw s"o #s/ gzikphnK d/ eo}kJh j'D dh ;wf;nk j?. T[;dh f}zw/tkoh sK w[Zy s"o #s/ ;kvh nkgDh jh pDdh j? feT[Afe n;hA jZd'AtZX ftykt/ d/ F"ehB jK s/ ftZs'A pkjo/ you eoB d/ nkdh jK. n;hAftnkj-FkdhnK #s/ c}{b you/ eoB ;w/A nkgD/ fpob/-NkN/ ;wMd/ jK.eth e?bth dk fJ; gqEkfJ pVk ;Zuk-;[Zuk B;hjs Gfonk eEB j? feL-

w{oy eo}/ d/ ikb ftu ik c;dk,N"jo-NFB bJh b? T[Xko eo}k

v[Zfpnk nZi th, @e?bth# eZbQ v[Zfpnk,f;o uVQ ikJ/ fi; d/ :ko eo}k

fco gzukfJsK dhnK u'DK s'A b? e/ ftXkB ;Gk s/ gkobhw?AN dhnKu'DK bVB tk;s/ eo'VK o[fgnK B{z shbh bk fdzd/ jK. j'o sK j'o n;hAj'NbK s/ ykD/ ykD s/ fco j'o fBZehnK-w'NhnK n?Fgq;shnK ftu j}koK-bZyK o[fgnK B{z c{e wko fdzd/ jK. i/ xo pDkT[Dk j't/ sK r[nKYh Bkb'atXhnk xo pDkT[D s/ T[; Bkb'A ezX T[Zuh eoB dh p/b'Vh N;bpk}h ftueo'V e[ o[gJ/ B{z E[Ze bk fdzd/ jK. go n;hA fJj fynkb BjhA eod/ fe;kvhnK nfijhnK p/wsbp s/ p/b'VhnK gqftoshnK ;kvh pZb/-pZb/ eokT[Ddh EK ;kvh M'bh B{z EZb/-EZb/ dh ;fEsh ftu gk iKdhnK jB s/ fco fJ;soQK n;hA eo}kJh j' iKd/ jK. fJE/ fe;/ FkfJo d/ fJ; ;[yB-f;nkDgdh ow} B{z th ;wMD dh b'V j? fe id'A wkVk ;wK nkT[Adk j? sK nkgD/th p/rkB/ j' iKd/ jB. fco f;nkD/ sK fJE'A sZe efjzd/ jB fe id'A tesg?Adk j? sK nkgDk goSktK th ;kE SZv iKdk j?.

i' p/rkB/ j?A f}eo jh T[B ek e:k j?i' ngB/ E/ t[j Gh gokJ/ j{J/ j?A

256

ub'! r[;skyh w[nkc eoBkl nkgD/ ;wki dh d[ydh oZr #s/ jZE Xoe/ pkpk rkfbp s/ j'o FkfJoK dhnK ;[yB-f;nkDgK B{z n?At/ fij/ ntk}koeo fdZsk j?. rZb sK fJj j' ojh ;h fe ;{pk eo}kJh j' frnk j? s/;?AeV/ BjhA, ;r'A j}koK-eo'VK d/ eo}/ j/m dp frnk j?. go ;kv/ nkr{fJ; gZy'A p/ypo fij/ pD/ j'J/ jB. gzikp f}zw/ fBZs tZX oj/ eo}/ dhnK]poK B{z nkgDhnK ;wkfie s/ nkofEe gq/FkBhnK B{z G[ZbD tk;s/ fpbk-Bkrk dtkJh tKr{z fJ;s/wkb eodh j?.

pfjojkb! ni'e/ ;w/A ftu f;Ze/ dh eokwks fJj j' rJh j? fe y/sh dhnK fiD;K b'V dh EK g?;/ Bkb s[bD bZrhnK jB. j[D wZ[b b'V dkBjhA, ;r'A f;Ze/ dk g?D bZfrnk j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe j[D tDi-tgkohs/ Fkj{eko-nkVQshJ/ ;G feo;kD d/ w;fbnK T[go nkgDhnK @uzw#dhnK BhshnK ubkT[Ad/ jB s/ ;oekoK ftu th fJBQK d/ uzw d/ f;Ze/ ubd/jB. fJ; bJh gfotkfoe b'VK-E[VK s/ yk; eoe/ feo;kDh dhnK ro}Kj[D eo}k pDB bZr gJhnK jB.

fJ; bJh fJj ;gFN j? fe fiD;K dhnK p'ohnK j[D pN{J/ s'A thj"bhnK j' rJhnK jB. fJ; bJh jh fJe b'e rhs okjhA iZN dh wkBf;eGktBk @eDe/ Bh eDe/ fJe tko c/o dZ;hA s{z wfjzrh pD e/# T[Godh j?.go c;bK Bkb Xow gkbD tkbk fJj iZN Bk ;ZukJh Bkb y[ZbQ e/ fGVdkj? ns/ Bk jh fJ; s'A GZidk j?. pZ; ;koh feo;kDh fuo d/o s'A nkgDhnkofEesk dh wkVh wzvh ftu p"v/ pbd tKr{z f;zr c;kJh ybQ'sh j?.

iZN nkT[D tkbh c;b phiD bZfrnK fJe ;[gBk f;oidk s/ phidkj? feT[Afe T[; B/ y/sh dk wkb-wkwbk g{ok eoBk j? s/ nkgDhnK b'VKg{oBhnK jB. fJ; ;G ek;/ s'A tZX T[; B/ nkfd-i[rkfd s'A nkgD/ f;oufVQnk eo}k th bkj[Dk j?.

p/FZe c;bK dh jfonktb s/ y/Vk jh iZN d/ ;t?wkD B{z n;wkBh ukVQfdzdk j?. fco eDe, egkj s/ M'B/ dk tfXnk w[Zb iZN B{z nkofEe s/;wkfie wkD-;t?wkD fdzdk j?. go id'A fiD;K d/ Gkn N[ZN iKd/ iK o/j-ykdK s/ ;gq/nK d/ yofunK dh bkrs jh @y{j dh fwZNh y{j B/ ykJh#tKr pD iKdh j? sK T[d'A iZN nkgDh iBwiks wro{oh SZv e/ nkgDhxotkbh B{z nkgDh y/sh s/ ewkJh dk :EkoE dZ;dk j?.

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ykdK wfjzrhnK c;bK dh p/edohnk;K oZy Bk tZvhnK tZvhnK BhApKeK s?B{z BjhA i[VBhnK pzs e"o/n?t/A e{udh fco/A feT[A nZvhnK BhA

fJ; soQK fJe BjhA ;kok feo;kDh tor jh fJ; xkN/ dh feo;kDhd/ ;Bw[Zy nkgD/ gfotkoK B{z fJj gqukT[DhnK fdzdk fcodk j? fe, @gfjbKwkwb/ s'A ikB S[vkJhJ/, pzd-ebho/Q c/o pD ikDr/#.

fco e"Vh ;ZukJh fJj th j? fe ni'e/ ;w/A ftu y/sh #s/ nkT[D tkb/you/ ns/ nkgDhnK fBZsk gqsh dhnK b'VK g{oB bJh iZN gfjbK jh;fjekoh s/ Fkj{ekok eof}nK dk dp?b j' iKdk j?. fco T[j FkfJobytho frZb d/ FpdK ftu eo}k T[rokj[D tkbh ihg, fBZs p/Fow ozBtKr doK w{jo/ nkD yVQdh j?. fco eo}/ d/ Gko dh Bw'Fh d/ wko/ j'J/feo;kD B{z ;'Mh nkT[Adh j? fe @u'r p/rkBh ekjdk dkntk, wkD N[ZN/ ehpudk#. go id'A B{z T[j ;wM d/ xo nkT[Adk j? sK T[d'A B{z @np gSskJ/e:k j's, ip fuVhnk u[Zr rJh y/s# torh ;{os/ jkb j[zdh j?.

;gFN j? fe feo;kBK tb'A y[de[FhnK dk w;bk f;oc T[BQK tb'A bJ/rJ/ eo}/ dk jh BjhA, ;r'A eo} T[rokj[D d/ }bkbs Go/ s"o sohe/ s/tsho/ dk th j?. fJ; ftu feo;kD dh nfijh p/fJZ}sh Bkb'A fes/ tZXT[; dh feos, ewkJh s/ T[; dh fiD; dh p/edoh j[zdh j?. iZN bVkJhMrV/ iK g[fb; s'A vo e/ ed/ BjhA GZidk ;h. go j[D T[j wkwb/,;fjekoh s/ Fkj{ekoK d/ eof}nK dh T[rokjh dh p/gZsh s'A vfonk s/GikfJnk j'fJnk SZsDh uVQ iKdk j?. fJ; ftu ;kvhnK nkgDhnK jhu[DhnK j'JhnK ;oekoK dhnK u'DK s'A gfjbK fdZshnK S'NK s/ pknd ftufeo;kDh B{z wkohnK u'NK ;G s'A tZX xkse ;kfps j' ojhnK jB. ;'fiD; dh wzvh ftu feo;kDh Bkb fJj @ekfte fBnK# d/ o{g ftu i'd[orsh ni'eh feo;kDh dh j' ojh j?, n;b ftu fJj d[odFk gzikp d/noEuko/ s/ ;wkfie GkJhuko/ dh ;jh s;tho j?.

feZ;k w[ys;o fJj j? fe fe;/ B/ ;'funk th BjhA ;h fe }whB thed/ wzvh dh t;s pD ikt/rh. j[D gfjb/ ;fwnK tKr tgkoh fgzv-fgzvBjhA fcodk, ;r'A feo;kD y[d nkVQshJ/ e'b c;b b? e/ iKdk j?. j'o th

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f;Zsw}ohch fJj j? fe feo;kD nkgDh fwjBs s/ fiD; dk w[Zb nkgBjhA eodk, ;r'A Fo/nkw fBbkwh tKr{z nkVQshnk T[; dh c;b B{z fBbkweodk j?. ;gFN j? fe feo;kD pkDhJ/ B{z fJj th BjhA efj ;edk few/oh fJ; soQK feT[A fSZb bkj[zdk j?A feT[Afe n;bhns sK fJj j? fe iZNnkgD/ nkVQshJ/ e'b nkgDh fSZb nkg jh bjkT[D iKdk j?. fJ; e;?b/;Zu dh soiwkBh ;kv/ ni'e/ ;w/A d/ b'e rhs s'A j[zdh j? feL-

e[M eDe/ s{z y/shA o[b rJh, e[M o[b rJh s{z wzvhXhnK tKr{ gkbhJ/ BhA, s/oh wzvh d/ ftu Gzvh

s{z oj/A fezi sDe/< eDe/ BhA eDe/Haa

fJj jh ekoB j? fe gfjb/ ;fwnK ftu sK iZN Gkd'A d/ j[zw;-j[;Vdk orfVnk-wo'fVnk j'fJnk ;kX j' iKdk ;h, go j[D T[j eof}nK dkwkfonk wbzrK ftu F[wko j' fojk j?. j[D fJj th fJe e'Mk ;Zu j? fej[D gzikp ;oeko nkgDk eo}k w'VB t/b/ fit/A fjzd ;oeko B{z efjzdhj? fe n;hA s[jkvk fejVk eo}k d/Dk j?, fpbe[Zb T[; soQK jh gzikp d/b'e s/ yk; eoe/ feo;kD gzikp ;oeko B{z th nfijk jh Ne/ torkitkp fdzd/ jB. go do jehes ;ZukJh fJj j? fe t'NK dh w[Ekih dhnKwkohnK ;oekoK eo}k T[rokj[D d/ gZy'A @jtk d/y e/ Ujbk# eo ojhnKjB. fJBQK e'b v[Zp-wo ojh feo;kDh tk;s/ Bk sK e'Jh s'V j? s/ Bk jhfJBQK e'b y[de[Fh d/ okj gJ/ feo;kD dhnK w[FfebK dk e'Jh jZb j?.

pZ; i' eof}nK dh t;{bh dk eZNe ed/ edkJhA pkehdkoK #s/ uVQdkj?, T[; d/ fgZS/ th XV/pzdh gqsZy B}o nkT[Adh j?, T[j fJj fe nkgfDnKB{z e[ZM efjDk BjhA s/ fto'Xh XV/ d/ eo}dkoK B{z fe;/ th jkbs ftuSZvDk BjhA. go ;w/A-;w/A dhnK ;oekoK B{z j[D fJj ;wM b?Dk ukjhdkj? fe j[D nfijhnK p/j[dohnK ekotkJhnK f;oc feo;kDh bJh jhBjhA, ;r'A ;oekoK tk;s/ th yVe/ s/ yso/ dh xzNh pD u[ehnK jB. pZ;fJBQK jkbksK ftu gzikp dh feo;kDh s/ T[; d/ f;o uVQ/ eof}nK dhfJzBh e[ jh dk;skB j?, fi; B{z fe @gzikp pukU fijh w[fjzw# tk;s/ikDB s/ ;wMD dh nfsnzs b'V j?.

y?o! fJ; ;zdoG ftu d/F fgnko dh GktBk iskT[D d/ pjkB/oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh ;wki d/ nkofEe ftek; d/ gq'i?eNK d/ wB;{p/ ns/

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GftZy ftu j'D tkbhnK gqkgshnK s/ T[BQK s'A iBsk B{z j'D tkb/ bkG dkft;Eko ftu tfynkB eodh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk nkgD/ s'A gfjbK okiGkr dk nkBzd wkD u[eh gkoNh dh uzrh-wkVh ekor[}koh d/ pyhJ/T[X/Vdh j?. T[; dk w[Zy wzst fJj dZ;Dk j[zdk j? fe gfjbK oki eo u[ehgkoNh b[ZN-y;[ZN eodh ojh j? ns/ gzikp B{z eo}kJh eo rJh j?. fJ;d/ T[bN fto'Xh gkoNh nkgD/ ;w/A d/ F[o{ ehs/, go j[D pzd j' u[e/ ftek;d/ gq'i?eNK dh d[jkJh gkT[Adh j?. go fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;oeko d/ jkbhnkftek; d/ ezwK B{z wkfJnk ikb s/ ;G e[M M{m-co/p dk g[bzdk j'D dkcstk fdzdh j?.

Bshi/ ti'A fJj fJe rZb ;kjwD/ nkT[Adh j? fe fJj FpdK s/gbNtko FpdK dh o'}kBk wjKGkos torh izr ;w[Zu/ whvhnk-szso okjhAiBsk dk fJe'-fJe tZvk wB gquktk pDdh j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;wkfies/ nkofEe F'FD s/ dzG B{z eNfjo/ ftu yVQk eoB tkb/ gzit/A g"V/ gq?;s/ fJb?eNq'fBe whvhnk dk Xow th gzy brk e/ T[v frnk fd;dk j?.nypkoK s/ N?bhth}B sK j[D xkN/ d/ ;"d/ dh fp;ks gko eo e/seohpB-seohpB ;BZnsh T[d:'r jh pD rJ/ jB. fJBQK dh y[Fjkbhdk fJe tZvk ekoB fJj j? fe w[be dk XBkY tor s/ yk; s"o #s/ebkeko s/ jho'-jho'fJBK d/ ;w{j fJBQK d/ fgZS/ w'NhnK oewK b? e/nkgDh w[Bkdh eotkT[D bJh uZeo eNd/ fcod/ jB.

jwksV ;kEh th gzikph ;fGnkuko s/ ftok;s d/ Bkw #s/ e[M SkgDd/ pjkB/ nkgD/ Bkw dh Mbe bJh fwzBs-wkso eod/ B}o nkT[Ad/ jB.p/FZe ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; d/ b/yeK s/ gkmeK d/ ne;o nypkoK ftuirQk dh xkN j'D dh wip{oh fijk itkp jh gZb/ g?Adk j?. go T[j th ;Zu/jB, nZi-eZbQ jho'fJBK ;'jDhnK th pj[s j' rJhnK jB s/ T[BQK dh nkdweZd y{p;{os nZX-Bzrh s;tho nZXk e[ ;ck sK uZNw eo jh iKdh j?.;fGnkuko dh ;/tk eoB dk dkntk eodk fJj whvhnk szso s/ nkgD/nkg B{z ;fGnkuko d/ nbzpodko ejkT[Ad/ whvhnk d/ bzpVdko ;fGnkukos/ ;kfjs B{z dkrh eo oj/ jB. N?bhth}B u?BbK ns/ nykfVnK dhnK ;N/iK #s/ ;fGnkuko d/ Bkw #s/ nFbhbsk go';h iKdh j?. fco f;Zsw fJjj? fe moe d/ GzB/ p[ZY/-BZY/ ;G bkbQK ;[ZNd/ s/ uNeko/ bkT[Ad/ nfij/nFbhb B}kfonK Bkb nZyK sZshnK eod/ fd;d/ jB.

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fgSb/ gzdoK-;'bQK ;kb s'A ;kv/ b'eszso d/ fB}kw ftu oZp tZb'A b'e;/tk eoB dh ;wK-pZX tkoh nB[;ko tZy-tZy gkoNhnK dhnK ;oekoK B/b'eK B{z nkgDh-nkgDh tkoh w[skfpe b'eokih oki fdZsk j?. id'A fe;/th gkoNh d/ oki dh tkoh nkT[Adh j? sK T[; B{z okFNotkd s/ d/F dhnyzvsk dk tko-tko u/sk nkT[Adk j?. yk; eoe/ 15 nr;s s/ 26iBtoh d/ e"wh fdjkfVnK #s/ T[BQK B{z d/F-gq/w s/ e"wh FjhdK dk fynkbnkT[Adk j?. go d/F dh n}kdh bJh e[opkB j'D tkb/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK B{zyk; s"o #s/ Fjhd-J/-nk}w ;qL Grs f;zx s/ T[BQK dh ;'Ffb;N gkoNhd/ ;kEhnK B/ d/F dh iBsk tk;s/ fej' fijh noE ftt;Ek fusth ;h,fJ; dh sK e'Jh rZb jh BjhA eodk.

d{i/ gk;/ ng'}hFB tkb/ nDn?bkB/ pkJheN tKr e"wh ;wkrwK ftufJe ;N/i #s/ oki;Zsk tkfbnK Bkb fJeZm/ BjhA pfjzd/. fto'Xh gkoNhnKgzikph d/ nykD @B"A eB"ihJ/ s/oK u[bQ/# nB[;ko nkgDk e"wh gouw fsozrkrbh-u"eK ftu bfjok e/ e"wh co} fBGk b?AdhnK jB. fJBQK gkoNhnKd/ @YkJh-N'No{# Gkt pV/ E'VQ/ fij/ ekoe[zB fwb e/ nkgDh nbZr vcbhtikT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB. go e"whns d/ gy'A fJj ;ko/ e'M/ tosko/ fe;/ thnkr{ d/ ykp'-fynkb ftu s/ fuZs-u/s/ th BjhA jB. fJ; gq;zr ftu d/F ftu tko'-tkoh oki eo ojhnK d' tZvhnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK s/ rmi'VtkbhnK gkoNhnK fe;/ B{z th d/F s/ e"w #s/ uVQ/ nopK-yopK o[gJ/ d/eo}/ dh fuzsk jh BjhA j?.

]?o! fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kB{z d/F d/ noEuko/ ftu iBsk d/ jo fJe tordh pokpo dh fjZ;/dkoh s/ w}d{oK s/ y/sh ekfwnK B{z nkgD/ fwjBskB/ dh:'r T[ios fwbD dh rZb :kd th BjhA j?. fJj sK BjhA j' ;edk fe ;kv/nkr{nK B{z ;wkitkdh noEuko/ pko/ gsk Bk j't/l ;r'A ;gFN j? fe;wkitkdh noE ftt;Ek T[BQK B{z ok; BjhA nkT[Adh. ]?o! nkr{nK tZb'A e'JhekotkJh Bk eoB s/ T[BQK tZb'A ;kXh u[Zg dk ekoB e[M th j't/, go d/F s/e"w bJh fJj nfijh ekoiF?Zbh pj[s jh xkse j?. ;kv/ ;fGnkuko ftueo}kJh j'D B{z woB d/ pokpo wzfBnk frnk j? ns/ nkgDh }whB-ikfJdkdB{z rfjD/ gkT[D iK t/uD B{z nkgDh wK B{z t/uD d/ pokpo ;wfMnk frnkj?. go e"wh gZXo #s/ d/F s/ e"w T[go uVQ/ gjkV fiv/ eo}/ pko/ n;hAnDG'b fij/ pD e/ fdB-eNh eo oj/ jK.

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fJ; gq;zr ftu fJe iZN dh rZb :kd nkJh j? fe T[; B/ Fkj{ekos'A ftZs'A pkjok eo}k b? fbnk. ekch ;wK bzx fgnk, go iZN T[j eo}kw'VB i'rk ed/ th Bk j'fJnk. T[; B/ eo}k w'VB i'rk feE'A j'Dk ;hfeT[Afe fijVh }whB B{z ekFs:'r pDkT[D bJh eo} fbnk ;hl T[joew sK T[; rohp B/ e[Vh d/ dki ftu M'e fdZsh. fijVh e[M oewpuhl T[j @dki d/ Gko# dk raw rbs eoB bJh dko{-fgnkb/ dhnK;oeko tZb'A y[bQhnK BthnK FphbK d/ b/y/ bk fdZsh.

]?o! pkDhnK b/y/ tkbh pjh b? e/ ;kb-fSwkjh nk e/ iZN d/ p{j/ #s/XweD bZrk. ekch ;w/A pknd fJe fdB iZN B/ w{zj #s/ Yhm-fwZNh wbDtKr T[bNk pkDhJ/A B{z x{fonk fe @bkbk s{z ezB #s/ ebw XZo e/ jofSwkjh feT[A nk yVQdk j?A< s?B{z n?At/ tkX{ r/V/ eZYD dk eh ckfJdk j?lid'A w/ok jZE ;"yk j'fJnk sK s/ok g?;k-g?;k w'V d/tKrk.#

Fkj{eko B/ iZN dk pdfbnk fwik} d/y e/ fejkl bT[ ;odko ihb?D-d/D dh rZb e"D eo fojk j?< w?A sK nkgD/ b/y/ tkbk pZjh-ugZskf;ZXk eoB nkT[Adk jK. i/ w?A fJzM Bk eoK sK fJe sK w/oh @oew dhebw# f;ZXh BjhA j[zdh s/ d{ik ugZs/ d/ toe/ sK pjh d/ dpkn j/m jh gkNikDr/. fJ; bJh p/FZe s[;hA y[de[Fh eoB tkb/ fdB sZe sK fJ; pko/p/fceo oj'. w?A pknd ftu s[jkv/ g[Zs-g'fsnK s'A eo}/ dhnK ;kohnKebwK gkJh-gkJh ;D/ ftnki t;{b btKrk.

pZ; nfijh ;fEsh jh gzikp s'A eo}k T[rokj[D tkb/ tZv/ skioK dhj? fe T[j gzikp d/ nzB-GzvkoK s/ fiD;K dh ehwsK fBoXkfos eoBtkb/ fJiko/dko pD/ p?m/ jB. T[BQK dk w{bXB sK jo wjhB/ s/ jo fdBw'Nk-seVk ftnki ;{n fojk j?. T[BQK eo} d/D tkfbnK dk o[gJhnkGkt/A Boe ftu oj/, id'A sZe w{b XB s'A fdB-oks ;g'bhnK tork xkseftnki izw-gb fojk j?l T[d'A sZe nzsookFNoh ;owkJ/dko ndkfonK B{zfJ; dk eh fceo j?< n;hA th fJ; gZy'A x/;b tZNh j'Jh j? fe id'A gkDhf;o'A bzx{rk sK T[d'A ;'uKr/. go pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ;'uD ftukoB dhb'V j? fe ;wK ftjk ikD #s/ eo}kJh gzikphnK s/ dhtkbhJ/ gzikp d/ p{j/#s/ fijVk fdB-dhthA dhtk irDk j?, T[d'A ;kvh rZs eh pD{z.

nfijh ;'u @wB jokwh j[ZisK Y/o# dh wkBf;esk s'A T[gidh j?.

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n;hA ;'ud/ jK fe i/ gzikp d/ f;o fJzBK eo}k j? sK fJ; eo}/ d/ tkg;b?D dk n"jV-g"jV s/ f\eo ;kB{z eo}k d/D tkb/ b'e eoB. fJ; bJh;wMd/ jK fe ;kB{z eo}/ B{z w'VB dk tkX{ fceo eoB dh eh b'V j?feT[Afe eh tZvk s/ eh S'Nk jo ;fjzdk gzikph, @e'Jh wo/ e'Jh iht/ ;[Eokx'b gsk;/ ght/# efjD dh jkbs ftu j?. fJ; tk;s/ gzikp B{z jkb/ dhxVh ;s'A-y?oK ikgdhnK jB. go ;ZukJh fJj j? fe eo}k tZfvnK-tZfvnK dk w[zvD eotk fdzdk j? s/ nwho ejkT[AfdnK dh S's b[jk fdzdkj?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kvh fJe g[okDh ejkts nB[;ko fe;/ BkJh B/ nkgD/iiwkB d/ g[ZSD #s/ fe w/o/ tkb fezB/ bzw/ jB sK T[; B/ fejk ;h feiiwkB E'Vk mfjol pZ; w[zB/ ikD #s/ tkb s/o/ ;kjwD/ jh nk ikD/ jB.;'! tho' fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvk nZi toswkB sK e[ZM tesh s"o #s/ sKGkt/A mhe brdk j't/, go ;kv/ GftZy d/ eZbQ dk oZp jh okyk.

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;Zo! w?A wfjzrkJh p'b ojh j{zoZp jh ikD/ fe j[D ;kv/ d/F ftu fGqFNkuko, ekb/ XB s/ wfjzrkJh

tor/ rVpV x'Nkb/ fJe dw jh feT[A ;kwosZy j' oj/ jB. fJBQK fgZS/f;nk;h nkr{nK dh ;oQ/-p}ko pdBkwh j' ojh j? s/ T[BQK dh XVk-XVXogeV j' ojh j?. fJj jehes j? fe ;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{ Gkt/A fe;/ thgkoNh d/ j'D, T[j pj[s jh nwho s/ XBkY jB. go fJBQK dhnKfGqFNkukoh, foFtsy'oh, wfjzrkJh s/ ekbk XB torhnK ekoF?skBhnKGkt F?skBh FokosK iBsk dk j'o th y{B u{; ojhnK jB.

fJ; soQK fJBQK d/F gq/whnK s/ b'e fjs?FhnK dh XB-e[p/o pDB dhbkb;k, bkbu s/ j'V nyho ftu iBsk B{z jh d[BhnK d/ p}ko ftunb\-Bzrk eo ojh j?. f;sw fJj j? fe fJBQK dhnK d/F fgnko s/ b'e;/tk torhnK T[gobhnK s/ UgohnK fijhnK pks-ps'bhnK Bkb iBskdk fYZv Gfonk ik fojk j?. FkfJo @ofizdo BkE ofjpo# dk fJ;gqEkfJ efjDk j? feL-

ekF! nopkp/-f;nk;s ;/ :/j g{S/ e'Jheo bhnk e[oe raohp'A ek w[eZdo fe; B/

;kok d/F jh fGqFNkukoh dktkBb dk ;zskg G'r fojk j?. ;ko/ d/Fftu nkofEe x'NkfbnK d/ jh okw-o"b/ dk oki j?. Bshi/ ti'A okiBhfses/ ;wkfie rVpV-x'NkfbnK dh rVpVh dk p'bpkbk j? s/ ;wZ[uh GkoshiBsk p/u?B, p/jkb s/ gq/FkB j?.

j[D dh rZb jh b? bU, wJh 2012 ftu e/Ado ;oeko B/ g?No'bdhnK ehwsK f;ZXhnK 7 o[gJ/ tXk fdZshnK jB. ;koh iBsk gq/FkB j?,fJ; bJh EK-EK #s/ XoB/ s/ o'; w[}kjo/ j' oj/ jB. NhHth u?BbK #s/tZy-tZy f;nk;h gkoNhnK s/ torK d/ b'e pfj;-w[pkfj;/ eo oj/ jB.oki ;Zsk tkbh gkoNh d/ B[wkfJzd/ fJj efj oj/ jB fe ;kvh ;oeko B/g?No'bhnw dhnK ehwsK tXkT[D dh fejVh ntZbh ekotkJh ehsh j?, i'fe j[D fto'X eo ojhnK fto'Xh gkoNhnK dh ;oeko d/ ;w/A ftu BjhAj'Jh ;h. oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh dk efjDk j? fe g?No'b dhnK ehwsK sK

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gfjbK th tXdhnK ojhnK jB. j[D fJ; d/ fybkc id'A fto'Xh gkoNhnKtkn-t/bk eo ojhnK jB sK fJj th G[Zb ojhnK jB fe fJBQK dhoki;Zsk d/ ;w/A th wfjzrkJh dk p'bpkbk fojk j?.

r"osbp j? fe wJh 2011 ftu th ;oeko B/ id'A s'A g?No'b dhehws 5 o[gJ/ tXkJh ;h sK fto'Xh gkoNhnK B/ fdZbh ftu 14 EktK #s/uZek ikw ehsk ;h. T[d'A id'A fto'Xh gkoNhnK w[}kjo/ s/ gqdoFB eoojhnK ;B sK n?B T[; tes jh fdZbh ftu fto'Xh gkoNh dh ;EkfBe;oeko B/ N'b-N?e; ftu d[ZrDk tkXk eo fdZsk ;h. T[d'A oki;Zsk tkbh;oeko d/ ekoez[B iBsk d/ Bkb fwb e/ o"bk gk oj/ ;B fe fdZbh Ffjodh ;EkfBe ;oeko dh fJ; ekotkJh Bkb fdZbh tk;hnK dk fiT[Dk d[ZGoj' frnk ;h. fJ; bJh oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh d/ toeoK B/ 140 EktK #s/N'b N?e; dk tkXk eoB fto[ZX uZek ikw ehsk ;h.

fJ; ;{os ftu iBsk fJBQK dh @fJB eh ;oeko-T[B eh ;oeko#tkbh pfj;pk}h dh e/tb okwbhbk jh d/y ojh j?. e'Jh GbkwkD; BksK nkg ;wM fojk s/ Bk jh fJBQK bhvoK B{z ;wMk fojk j? fe Gb/ b'e's[jkv/ @s{z-w?A s/ w?A s{z# d/ fJ; ny"sh wjKGkos tor/ dzrb ftu wfjzrkJhd/ ekoB b'eK dk uho joD j' fojk j?. f;sw fJj th j? fe ;G siop/eko- p[ZY/ GhFw, do'Dkukohnk s/ feqgkukohnk tor/ fgskwk b'e fJj;G e[M ;wMd/ j'J/ th iBsk d/ wkBf;e s/ ;ohoe ;zskg d/ w{e doFepD/ j'J/ jB.

oki;Zsk dk wkfbe fXqsokFNo nzBQk ikgdk j?. pZ; T[j fe;/ ;zi/:Bz{ g[ZS fojk j? fe T[j T[; B{z dZ;/ fe fJ; xw;kD ftu feZE/ eh j' fojkj?. nZr/ ni'e/ ;zi/: e'b itkp f;oc fJzBk jh j? fe wkfbe s[;hA fgqEthgsh s/ irs fgsk j'D ;dek y[d jh ikDhA ikD j'l s[;hA ;op ;woZE j',fJ; bJh i' ukj' eoh uZb'.

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dk GkDk jh ;wM e/ wzBh ikD.

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fJBQK w[}kjfonK s/ gqdoFBK ftu sK e[M e[ j}ko dh frDsh ftugkoNhnK d/ toeo uZek ikw eod/ jB. go fJBQK d[Zy-josk ekoe[zBK dh@ihtB o'e{# ekotkJh d/ ekoB iBsk bZyK-eo'VK dh frDsh ftu gq/FkB s/d[yh j' ojh j?. fdZbh ftu fto'Xh gkoNhnK e/Adoh ;oeko d/ fybkc sK ektKo"bh gk ojhnK jB. go fJj rZb ;wM s'A pkjo j? fe fiBQK gqd/FK ftufJBQK dk nkgDk oki j?, T[E/ fJj g?No'b #s/ bZrD tkb/ N?e; d/ o{g ftuE'VQh-pj[s fonkfJs d/ e/ iBsk Bz{ okjs feT[A BjhA d/ oj/.

fiE'A se j[D sZe dhnK ;oekoK tZb'A iB-ihtB B{z okjs d/D dk;tkb j? fJj T[Bh-fJeh d/ coe Bkb jo-d'-bknBs torh rZb jhojh j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu jh fe;/ B/ T{m Bz{ g[ZfSnk ;h fe Gko u[Ze e/gjkV #s/ uVQBk ;"yk j? fe T[soBk ;"yk j?< ftuko/ T{m B/ ;fji-;[Gknjh itkp fdsk ;h fe GkJh jo-d'-bknBs Gkt Gko u[e e/ uVQBk s/T[soBk d'B'A jh ezw n"y/ jB. fJ; soQK jh n}kdh s'A pknd j[D sZe Gkt/A e'Jh th ;oeko ojh j?, go tXdhnK ehwsK d/ gZy'A iBsk dk eu{zwojh fBefbnk j?.

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pZ; fJ; soQK f;oc iBsk jh nwho s/ T[d:'rgsh d/tfsnK dh pbhdk pZeok pDB bJh pkeh ofj rJh j?. fJj th ;ZukJh j? fe iBsk B/jh @nkwdB xZN s/ youk pj[sk# dh nkds d/ nB[;ko fJj ;dhth ;zskgG'rDk j?. @c?} nfjwd c?}# fJ; gqEkfJ efjzdk j? fe rohp dhf}zdrh T[; u'r/ ;wkB, fi; ftu dod s/ d[Zy dhnK NkehnK bZrhnKj[zdhnK jB. T[; dk efjDk j? feL-

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w[\fb;h fj;/-bsk\s e' fwNk d/sh j?G{y nkdkp e/ ;Ku'A w/A Bjh Yb ;esh

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]?o! fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ ftu id'A o'}woQk dh f}zdrh ftu e'Jh fgnkohfijh ntk} N?bhc'B #s/ N[Dedh j? fe w?A B/jk, w/jk iK g{ik p'b ojh j{z sKpzdk fJ; B{z ;[D e/ gq;zB-fuZs j' iKdk j?. fJ; T[gozs @e"D n"o ejK ;/p'b ojh j'# fijh nkgDh gZ[S-frZS d/ i[nkp ftu e'Jh th pzdk T[whd eodkj? fe fJj B/epys nkgD/ xo dk e'Jh gsk-fNekDk d;{rh. go ;o's/ dhnk;-T[whd s'A T[bN T[; d/ gZb/ f;oc fe;/ ezgBh dk Bkw-gsk s/ ;/ftzriK fJzBt?;Nw?AN gb?B ftu g?;/ iwQK eokT[D dh B;hjs jh g?Adh j?. gofJj th fJe e"Vh ;ZukJh j? fe id'A th e'Jh ;/ftzr iK fBt/F dh uouk fes/th jz[dh j? sK nkw pzd/ bJh sK fJj pZus s/ fBt/F dk ;zd/F-T[gd/F p/eko jh ikgdk j?. T[; B{z sK fJ; ;ko/ xNBkeqw ftu'A @;Zo! w?A wfjzrkJhp'b ojh jz{# dh r{zi jh ;[Ddh s/ ;wM nkT[Adh j?.

;[fDnk j? fe i/ nZr'A s[;hA uzrk j[zrkok Go' sK fJj e[VhnK-fuVhnKnkgDh ezgBh dh wFj{oh s/ eko-ftjko bJh w[bkeks dk ;wK th s?neo b?AdhnK jB. go fJj w[Bkdh dk skDk-pkDk s/ fGqFNkukoh

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szso-wzso fJBK c?b frnk j? fe pzdk nkgDh xo rqfj;Eh d/ gZy'A i'fywftu BjhA g?Dk ukj[zdk. p/FZe nfij/ pkp/ th j'Dr/ fijV/ wZSh d/ gZEo uZNe/ w[VB dh ejkts B{z ;Zu eo fdykT[Ad/ j'Dr/< go id'A rZb nZr/ s[odhj? sK e[b fwbk e/ rZb w[bkeks d/ gZy'A th ns/ fe;/ ezgBh ftu g?;kbkT[D dh ;ehw d/ gZy'A th seohpB-seohpB @rkfbp fdb pfjbkB/ e/bhJ/ :/ fynkb nZSk j?# d/ nB[;ko jh fBpVdh j?. fJ; rZb ftu th M{mBjhA fe fJBQK ezgBhnK B{z p/FZe nwho pzd/ th fwbd/ jB, fijV/ fefJBew N?e; s'A puD bJh w'NhnK oewK fJBQK dhnK ;/ftzr ;ehwKftu bk fdzd/ jB.

i' ejkts go;{, go;k, go; okwl fw; wkfJnk e/ shB Bkw pDh j?,T[; ftu rohp tor B{z go;{, wZXw tor B{z go;k ns/ nwho tor B{zgo; okw fejk frnk j?. nfij/ go; okwK pko/ 1950ftnK ftu fJegzikph dk wFj{o rkDk j[zdk ;h @pzd/ Gkt/A G[Zy/ wod/ fp;e[N ykD es{o/ ehw?A M{m p'fbnkl e'Jh Bk pJh e'Jh Bk#. fJ; dk wsbp pVk ;gFN ;h fe;wki ftu nwhoh s/ rohph dk gkVk pj[s tZvk j' fojk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu r[odk;g[ohnk skok f;zx y'i/g[oh @g/V/ yKd/ ;kBQ s/G[Zyh wodh rK# fij/ :EkoE B{z ;Zu'-;Zu fpnkB eodk j?. fco fco'}g[ohnki;tzs f;zx e?bth th nfij/ b'e oki dh ;ZukJh Bz{ T[xkVdk j'fJnkefjzdk j? fe fiE/ b'eK dh ybQ bfjzdh j?, T[; Bz{ @i'e-oki# efjDkpDdk j?. T[; nB[;koL-

b'e oki ftu b'eK dh yZb bfjzdh, i'e-oki ejhJ/ rZb cZpdh J/wko ojh wfjzrkJh, o[}rko j? BjhA, g{zih feos dhnK jZvhnK updh J/

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b?Ad/ jB sK FkfJd wkVk-w'Nk ;N/NZ; th gsk eo b?Ad/ j'Dr/< go nkwb'eK dh ;owkJ/dkoh d/ gZy'A nzdo{Bh s"o #s/ cN/-jkb f}zdrh pko/ fJBQKB{z e[M nsk-gsk BjhA j[zdk. fJXo Fkw B{z ghg/ ftu nkNk BjhA j[zdk ns/pzdk n;wkBh uVQh wfjzrkJh ;dek GzpbG{;/ fgnk j[zdk j?. T[Xo fJjB"itkB ghVQh s[jkvh xzNh tikT[D bZrh j[zdh j? fe ;owkJ/dko pkdFkj'!;kvh ezgBh pko/ th e[M ;'u' s/ nkg th bkjk bU ns/ ;kvh ezgBh-pjkdo B{z th e'Jh wkfJe rZc/ pyF'.

fJ; gq;zr ftu fJe rZb :kd nkJh j? fe e[M ;wK gfjbK phwkoK s/rohpK dh y[oke dkbK j[zdhnK ;B. fJ; gqEkfJ @ykU dkb fijVh fBG/ Bkb#ejkts j[zdh ;h. fJ; soQK jh rzY/-p?ArD ;;s/ Gkn j'D eoe/ rohpK dknkw ykik j[zd/ ;B. j[D dkbK s/ ;p}hnK seohpB fJe' Gkn jh j' rJhnKjB, ;r'A ;p}h Bkb'A dkb wfjzrh j?. j[D fJj dkb-;p}hnK tX ojhwfjzrkJh eoe/ nkw iBsk dh gj[zu s'A pkjo j' rJhnK jB.

;kv/ noEuko/ ;pzXh gzikp dh fJe gqf;ZX ftnzrnksfwe ejkts@tkj pJh tkj! t/fynk oki N'jkD/ dk, fiE/ fJe' Gkn nkN/-dkD/ dk#jz[dh ;h. j[D ;kvk ni'ek oki s/ ;wki fpbe[b T[; soQK jh ehwsK dhwzvh ftu GzpbG{;/ dk fFeko j'fJnk fcodk j?. ;zB 2010 d/ e[M e[nyhob/ wjhfBnK ftu rzfYnK dh ehws 80 o[gJ/ feb' se gj[zu rJh.fJ; dk Bshik fJj j'fJnk fe o[yh o'Nh Bkb rzYk ykD tkbk nfs dkrohp w}d{o th fuzss j' frnk j?. rohp d/ b"D Gkt o'Nh Bkb ;b{D/dk nkyoh ;jkok rzYk th T[; dh gj[zu s'A pkjo T[; dh o'Nh s'A o[VQ e/wzih j/m ik tfVnk j?. T[Xo d{i/ gk;/ d/F dk gqXkB wzsoh B{z th rzfYnKd/ Gkn B/ gq/FkB eo fdZsk j?. nuoi dh rZb j? fe d[BhnK dk ;G s'AtZvk noE Fk;soh i' fe nwohek, e?B/vk s/ fJzrb?Av Bz{ th nkofEew;fbnK s/ ;bkj-wFtok fdzdk j?l T[j nkgD/ w[be ftu jh rzfYnK dhehws Bz{ ezNo'b eoB s'A n;woE j?.

fJe fdB w/o/ fwZso frnkBh r[opuB f;zx ih w/o/ e'b nkJ/ s/ fJjgq;zr gVQ e/ efjD bZr/ fe ;kvk gqXkB wzsoh fceowzd th feT[A Bk j't/feT[A fe T[; B{z gsk j? fe fJe tko T[; dk g{ot jwo[spk nNb fpjkohtkigkJh th rzfYnK d/ Gkn ekoB jh gqXkB wzsoh rZdh s'A fsbfenk ;h.

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n;b ftu id'A s'A seohpB 1991 s'A ;kvk d/F T[dkoheoB, fBZiheoB,T[gG'rsktkd fij/ ;BZnsh p}ko s/ tgko d/ ftFtheoB d/ okj fgnkj?, T[; ;w/A s'A jh nkofEe Bk-pokpoh, pj[bsk #u r[ops, ;dkuko s/B?fse edoK-ehwsK B{z y'ok fgnk j'fJnk j?. j[D id'A s'A b?f}}-c/nofJe"B'wh Gkt r"ofwzN dh xZN s'A xZN dybnzdk}h dk d"o F[o{ j'fJnk j?,T[d'A s'A jh ygseko Bz{ p/FZe ykD-jzvkT[D dh ;[ftXk sK fwbh j?, gofJ; d/ fJt} ftu p/o'e-N'e wfjzrkJh d/ ekoB T[gG'rh dh yZbVh-X"Vhbfj ojh j?.

fco Gkosh w{b dhnK t;sK dk fwnkoh r[DtZsk d/ nXko #s/ d[BhnKd/ p}ko ftu wKik ti fojk j?. Gkosh ;BZns dhnK pDhnK uh}Krb'pb wkoehN d/ uZeo ftu r'b j' ojhnK jB s/ T[BQK dh ygs s/foNoB Gkt w[Vt/A w[Zb dh w{zih e[ZNh ik ojh j?. fJ; dk ;gFN ekoBfJj j? fe noEuko/ s/ ;wkfie GkJhuko/ dhnK d' tZy-tZy f;wsKwkfJnk s/ wwsk ed/ fJeZmhnK BjhA j' ;edhnK feT[Afe fgnko tgkoBjhA j[zdk ns/ w'j-wwsk p}koK s/ jZNhnK s'A w[Zb iK T[Xko BjhA fwbdh.

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fJj fe uhB dh ygsekoh d/ p}ko ftu s{sh p'b ojh j?. T[Xo Gkos dhnkofEesk ;z;ko dh T[gG'rsk wzvh ftu nkgDh wkVh e[nkfbNh s/sZs-GVZEh t;sK dh ;'N d/ ekoB p"jVhnK xZsdh fcodh j?. w/o/ ;jkfJeoDpho f;zx B{z ne;o jh nkgD/ ;fGnkuko, ;wki s/ ;wkfie dFk pko/pV/ ewkb dhnK rZbK c[odhnK jB. id'A w?A fJj gq;zr fbyk fojk jK sK T[jw?B{z efj fojk j? fe j[D sK @nkB/-nkB/ jkEh ftedk s/ Ne/-Ne/ B{z F/o#fteD dk fdqFNKs jo gk;/ t/yD B{z fwb fojk j? ns/ j[[[[D u'DK ftu sKjkEh s/ F/o sK eh pzd/ th X/b/-X/b/ d/ Gkn fte oj/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh g{zihgshnK tZb'A }yhokpk}h s/ j'o ;owkJ/dkoh XKdbhnKd/ ekoB wfjzrkJh tX ojh j? s/ iB-ihtB dk epkVk j' fojk j?. go;oekoK @ftrfVnK-fsrfVnK dk gho vzvk# dh f;nkDg B{z ngDkT[D s/;'Nk tosD dh pikJ/ f;oc s/ f;oc e[o;h pukT[D dh }fjws s/ etkfJdeodhnK j'JhnK, wkV/ nB;oK B{z wfj} nghbK s/ p/BshnK #s/ jh eodhnKB}o nkT[AdhnK jB. pfjojkb! rzfYnK dh t/yk-t/yh s/ oh;'-oh; j'o;kohnK ykD-ghD s/ gfjBD tkbhnK t;sK dhnK ehwsK th n;wkBh ikuVQhnK jB. tXdh wfjzrkJh d/ ekoB pzd/ dk ;kv/ d/F ftu ofjDk jh d[Goj' frnk j?. fco g/Av{ ;wki ftu sK fe;/ ;w/A ftu b'e fijVh e[Zbh, r[Zbh,i[Zbh dh wzr Bkb jh ;zs[FN ;Bl j[D T[BQK dh ;po-;p{oh Gog{o fJj;XkoB wzr th T[BQK dh p/;poh dk bykfJe pD rJh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvh fsikosh s/ tgkoe ;'u rohpK dk fdtkbkeY ojh j?. ;kvh fJe b'e ejkDh nB[;ko efjzd/ jB fe fJe tkohfe;/ iZN dk nZEok tfjVek y{j ftu fvZr fgnk sK iZN Bz{ tfjVek eZYDBkb'A T[; Bz{ BZE gkT[D dh g? rJhnK. fpbe[b fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ noEuko/B{z BZED bJh ftd/Fh wkoehN B/ ;'B/ s/ uKdh d/ Gkn SZsDh uVQk fdZs/ jB.tXdhnK ehwsK d/ gZy'A ;kvh noE ftt;Ek s/ noEukok fJe n"MV okjfgnk j'fJnk j?. i/ fJj fJ; soQK jh ubdk fojk sK ;gFN j? fe d/F fJe fdB ;z;ko d/ noEuko/ d/ ezfvnkb/ MkVK ftu c; ikJ/rk ns/;wki dh @frZdVe[ZN# j' ikt/rh.

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fJ; soQK jh nkgK s'A gfjbh ghVQh d/ w/o/ gkgk ih tor/ b'e dZf;nkeod/ ;B fe n}kdh s'A gfjbK eDe dk Gkn fJe o[gJ/ wD j[zdk ;h s/d/;h fxU 4 nkB/ dk ;/o j[zdk ;h. j[D d/;h fxU ;[zxD-;zxkT[D bJh jhtofsnk iKdk j?. fJj toskok fJe sK ;kvh f;js s/ jk}w/ B{z t/yd/j'J/ vkeNoK dh B;hjs nB[;ko j? s/ d{ik fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fenZi-eZbQ d/;h fxU fszB e[ ;" o[gJ/ gqsh feb' j' frnk j?. gkgk ih fJjth dZ;d/ j[zd/ ;B fe ;z;ko gZXo #s/ ;zB 1929 ftu fJe tkoh nkofEewzdh nkJh ;h, id'A fe b'e B'NK dk M'bk Go e/ fbiKd/ ;B s/ okFB fe;/S'N/ fij/ fbckc/ ftu gk e/ b? nkT[Ad/ ;B. fJ; nkofEe wzdjkbh dhF[o{nks nwohek dh ;Nke wkoehN ftu fJe dw Gkn fvZrD eoe/pb?e fNT{}v/n d/ Bkw Bkb ikD/ iKd/ wzrbtko d/ fdB 29 nes{po1929 B{z j'Jh ;h. ;' n;hA th j[D T[; n"MV okj tZb B{z jh s[o/ j'J/ jK.

;zB 1960-70 ftu chnN eko 15 iK 20 j}ko o[gJ/ dh j[zdh ;h,i' fe j[D chnN gkbhU d/ Bt/A o{g ftu 4H50 bZy B{z ik Y[Zeh j?. T[d'Ag?No'b 2 o[gJ/ fbNo j[zdk ;h, j[D fJj 77 o[gJ/ #s/ y/v fojk j?. j[Dg?No'bhnw gdkoEK d/ skio nop d/F fJ; s'A nZr/ ;kB{z wkBf;e s"o #s/fsnko eo oj/ jB fe g?No'b ;zB 2012 d/ nzs sZe fJe d[obZG fijht;s{ pD e/ 100 o[gJ/ gqsh fbNo fwfbnk eo/rk. y?o! fJj wzBD tkbhrZb j? feT[Afe nZr/ fejVk e'Jh wfjzrkJh B{z vZek bZrk j?, p; oZp jhikDdk j? fe fJj ehwsK feE/ ik e/ o[eDhnK jB<

fJE/ fJ; gq;zr ftu d[BhnK d/ wjkB noE Fk;soh wkbE; dkf;XKs j? fe id'A wB[Zy nkgD/ ;z;ko d/ tksktoD s/ nkgD/ u"frod/ d/;zs[bB B{z ftrkV b?Adk j? sK T[d'A e[dos nkg jh fJ; ftrV/ stk}B B{zb'VhAdh ;'X-;[XkJh Bkb ;[Xko e/ nkgD/ nkg B{z ;zs[fbs eo b?Adh j?.fJ; gqEkfJ d/yD ftu nk fojk j? fe gfjbK fes/ ;zB 1935 ftu

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e'fJN/ d/ G[ukb tKr 50 iK 100 ;kb pknd fes/ G[ukb nkfJnk eodk;h. j[D toQ/-fSwkjh fgZS'A jh fes/ G[ukb, fes/ ;[Bkwh bfjoK s/ fes/itkbkw[yh cN oj/ jB. ikgdk j? fe d[BhnK B/ npkdh tXkT[D dkfijVk nD;[fDnk S/tK rhno gk e/ n?e;hb/No dZfpnk ;h, j[D T[; B{ze[dos B/ fJ; soQK jh ezNo'b eoBk j?. ]?o! ;kvhnK n?Fgq;shnK s/F'F/pk}hnK dk i' Bshik fBebDk ;h, T[j sK ;kBz{ @pkpk rkfbp# d'bkJhBK ftu jh ;wMk frnk ;h fe

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go j[D fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;z;ko d/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ e'B/ ftu;B;Bhy/} ]poK s/ GftZypkDhnK d/ o{g ftu ;kBz{ wkBf;e s"o #s/ ihtBdh n"yh s'A n"yh nkg ;j/Vh ;fEsh d/ o{po{ ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; dhfw;kb fJj j? fe j[D ny"sh ftdtkBK tZb'A ;z;ko Go d/ whvhnk okjhAnZi-eZbQ d[BhnK B{z Go';k fdtkfJnk ik fojk j? fe s[jkvk ;zB 2012ftu gob'A d/ o{g ftu ehosB ;'jbk gfVQnk ikDk j?. fijV/ eZu-xoVftdtkB j'o th M{m-s{ckB s/ sZsk bZeD d/ nkdh jB, T[j sK nZi 21wJh 2011 B{z id'A fe w?A fJj ;soK fby fojk jK sK nZi jh]be-J/-][dk Gkt b'ekJh d/ e{u d/ B"ps-Brko/ tikJh p?m/ ;B. god[BhnK x[Zr t; ojh j?. oZp dh fJj w]b{e s/ ekdo dh e[dos ;GekfJw-dkfJw j? ns/ fsZso-pN/fonK tKr{z @nZbQk ;[GkB s/oh e[dos#tor/ rhs-r'fpzd dk r[DrkD eo ojh j?.

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frnk j?. j[D id'A ;/p nkw b'eK dh gj[zu s'A pkjo j' oj/ jB sKrohp-jwksV rkioK B{z jh ;/p ;wM oj/ jB. dkbK ;p}hnK dk Gknfg;sk-pdkwK tKr{z j' frnk j?. fJ; soQK jh j[D w{zrh dh dkb i' fe ed/rohpK dk s/ iK fco fpwkoK dk ykik ;wMh iKdh ;h, j[D 80 o[gJ/ feb'j' e/ ;wki d/ wXw tor Bz{ th nzr{mk fdyk ojh j?. go fco thb'ekukoh d/ ftu BZe-Bw{i oZyDk ;kv/ ;wki dk fJe nD;[yktK fijkubD pfDnk j'fJnk j?. fi; eoe/ n;hA nkgDh gj[zu s'A pkjo j' e/ thyou eo oj/ jK.

;kv/ ;w/A dhnK ftnkj-FkdhnK #s/ j'D tkbk youk fJ; dh ;G s'AtXhnk T[dkjoD j? fe fe;/ Xh-G?D B{z nkgD/ pko'A T[mkT[D d/ co} B{zfBGkT[D bJh fJzBk youk eoBk g?Adk j? fe nZvhnK u[Ze e/ ckjk b?Dtorh B"ps pD iKdh j?. ]?o! jw/FK jh fJe tZvh wZSh d{ih S'Nh wZShB{z yKdh j?. fJ; soQK jh ;kvk th fJe e'Mk ;wkfie gqubD fJj fojkj? fe n;hA id'A th XB-gdkoEK s/ o[sfpnK d/ nXko #s/ nkgfDnK jhb'eK s'A tZv/ j'J/ jK sK n;hA T[BQK d/ ;jkfJe iK wddrko pDB dh pikJ/T[BQK d/ oZfyne BjhAl ;r'A GZfyne pD/ jK.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kvh ;wkfie e[Vwkukoh ;kv/ fJ; e'jM/ gquZbDdh w{zj p'bdh s;tho j?. id'A-id'A n;hA w[zvk ftnkfjnk j? sK n;hA e[VhtkfbnK Bz{ ;ohAd iK fco nzdo yks/ npdkbh pD e/ b[ZfNnk j?. fcoid'A-id'A n;hA e[Vh ftnkjh j?, T[d'A-T[d'A jh n;hA e[Vwkukoh d/ b'N{-N'b/d/ fFeko pD/ jK. n;hA wip{oht; BZe-Bw{i oZyD d/ Bkw #s/ ukdot/y e/ g?o g;koB dh f;Zfynk B{z G[Zb-G[bk e/ nZvhnK u[Ze e/ ckjk b?Ddk F"e gkbd/ jK.

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c{z-cK s/ c?FBgq;sh dh g{oB geV ftu jK. ;kvh o'}woQk dh f}zdrh ftuo'}kBk jh n;hA ;wkfie ;/b dhnK d[ekBK #s/ nkgDk n;bh wkD-;t?wkDs/ y[ddkoh rtk e/ nkg y[d ftekT{ wkb pD/ p?m/ jK.

e'Jh pzdk fe;kB-wzvhnK ftu fJBQK Fke-;p}h dh yohddkoh eodkfJT[A ikgdk j? fe fit/A gF{nK dh gqf;ZX wzvh pkoKpKeh ftu x'fVnK dhyohddkoh dh EK x'fVnK d/ Gkn fte oj/ rX/ yohd fojk j't/. fJ;soQK j[D dkyhA jZE Bk T[gV/ frZdV nky/ E{j e"Vh tkbh rZb pDh gJh j?.pzdk x'V/ fizBh ehws fe;/ rX/ bJh d/D bJh sK Gkt/A wkBf;e s"o #s/fsnko BjhA j[zdk. go T[j ftukok eh eo/ feT[Afe wkoehN dhnK skesKd/ gqGkt j/m T[j x'V/ dh EK rXk jh yohdD dh wip{oh ftu cf;nk j[zdkj?. fJ; ;{os ftu pzdk fJT[A fijk efj fojk j[zdk j? fe b?! rX/ s/ x'V/ftu eh coe j?< ;r'A i/ nkdwh rX/ s'A fvZr gt/ sK ;ZN xZN bZrdh j?feT[Afe rX/ dh T[ukJh xZN j[zdh j?. fJ; tk;s/ rXk jh tXhnk ;tkohj?. fJ; soQK T[j d/;h y'sh bkb brkw tkb/ gzikph nykD #s/ g{okT[sodk j'fJnk x'Vh dh EK yohdh y'sh d/ bkb brkw ;ik e/ pVh N"joBkb wzvh s'A w[V fojk j[zdk j?.

c/o T[j ;p}h wzvh ftu th fJ; soQK jh ;/pK dh EK rkioK b? fojkj[zdk j? ns/ ;zsfonK dh EK pikJ/ n"b/ yohd fojk j[zdk j?. fco b'eKB{z ;[Dk e/ efj fojk j[zdk j? fe n"b/ ftu sK ;zsfonK Bkb'A th tZX@ftNkfwB ;h# j[zdk j?. T[j nkgDk wB oZyD bJh j'o ej/ th sK eh ej/< T[j feT[Afe xo'A sK nzp-nzr{o jh b?D s[fonk j[zdk j? go T[E/ ik e/T[; B{z @iZN eh ikD/ b"ArK dk Gkn fdZsk Nek s/ p?mk G{ok ftSk# torhb'e f;nkDg dk mhe wsbp ;wM nkT[Adk j?. ]?o! wip{oh dk Bkw jhpkoKpKeh j?. XzB j?! pkJhl nkgDk ;wki.

fJE/ ;kv/ nkgD/ jh d/F ftu tgkoh s/ T[d:'fre tor B/ ewkJh d/gy'A wfjzrkJh Bz{ tXk e/ b'eK d/ eZgV/, eh eZSk s/ eh p[B?D bkj[D dk jojopk ngDk ofynk j?. fJBQK tXdhnK ehwsK d/ ekoB wfjzrkJh d/F s/;wki ftu fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh dh GZmh Bz{ X"AeDh-gZyh tKr jtk d/ojhnK jB. ;kv/ d/F d/ B/sk fdB-p-fdB tXd/ fGqFNkuko d/ G{s Bz{ BZEgkT[D dhnK rbK eod/ jB. go ;'uD tkbh rZb j? fe fizBh d/o wfjzrkJhBz{ mZb BjhA gA?dh, T[Bh d/o fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh fet/A o[e ;edh j?<

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fJ; ;{os ftu B"eoh g/Fk b'eK e'b wfjzrkJh dk s'V foFtsy'oh j?ns/ eko'pkoh b'eK s/ d[ekBdkoK e'b tXdhnK ehwsK dk fJbki w[Bkcky'ohj?. fJe u{B/ ftu fJZN bkT[D torh ;ZukJh fJj j? fe wfjzrkJh thfGqFNkuko B{z iBw fdzdh j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu id'A th wfjzrkJh tXdh j?sK fJe nzBdksk ejkJ/ iKd/ feo;kD tor B{z SZv e/ ;ko/ eko'pkoh s/ B"eohg/Fk ewkT{-g[Zs ns/ fJE'A sZe fe o'}kBk ewKdok eoB tkb/ ;ko/ b'jko/,soykD/, we?fBe, gZb/dko, y/sh ekw/ s/ w}d{o tor nkgDhnK S'NhnK-w'NhnK t;sK d/ Gkn ns/ w}d{oh d/ o/N tXk b?Ad/ jB.

w/o/ do}h n;bw B/ j[D g?No'b d/ Gkn tXD dh ]po ;[D e/ jh e[Vs/-gikw/ dh f;bkJh tXk e/ 300 o[gJ/ eo fdZsh j?. w?A T[; B{z g[ZfSnk feXkr/ dk Gkn wfjzrk j' frnk j? fe s/oh ;{Jh dk Gkn wfjzrk j' frnk j?<T[; dk o?vhw/v itkp ;h fe ;kfjp! t' Gh j?, wro fgnk} eh ehws GhejK ik gj[zuh j?. fJ; soQK ;kv/ gkoe d/ wkbh okw oki B/ nkgDh sBykjtXkT[D dh rZb ehsh sK w?A T[; B{z fejk fe s?B{z y[ogh-ozpk sK gkoe tkb/fdzd/ jB, fco s{z sBykj feT[A tXkT[D dh rZb eo fojk j?A< T[j efjDbZrk fe fenk eo/A ;kfjp! Fkw e' gfotko e' nkNk Gh s' bk e/ d/Bk j'skj?, np nkg jh d/y/A fe nkNk 18 o[gJ/ feb' j' frnk j?.

fJe-d' wjhfBnK dh jh rZb j? fe w/o/ ;jkfJe pbihs f;zx B/th sBykj tXkT[D dh rZb eo fdZsh. T[; dh dbhb fJj ;h fe w?A w'No;kJheb #s/ nkT[Adk jK s/ w/ok nkT[D-ikD dk youk tX frnk j?. w?B{zfJBQK ;wki d/ fszB torK d/ B[wkfJzfdnK dh fJe' rZb jh ;wM nkJh fe@wfjzrkJh f;o uVQ e/ p'b ojh j? s/ jo e'Jh wfjzrkJh d/ ikd{ dhehbQ ftu j?.#

fJ; soQK ;kok ;wki jh fJe-d{i/ d/ ;[Ze/ jZvK d/ S"v/ bZeV d/ ;ZeKtKrz{ pr?o ;zr-Fow wzB/ bkj[zdk ofjzdk j?. fJ; soQK ;kvh ;[nkoEh s/;t?-e/Adfos gqftosh d/ sfjs jw/FK jh ;kBz{ d/F s/ e"w Bkb'A nkgDknkg s/ nkgDk gfotko fgnkok bfrnk j?. fJ; bJh ;kv/ ;wki d/ yKd/-ghAd/, ;fjzd/ s/ yk; eoe/ nwho tor B/ jw/FK jh @e'Jh wo/ iK e'Jhiht/ go ;[Eok x'b gsk;/ ght/# torh ihtB-F?bh ngDkJh j?. n;hA fJzB/e[ ;[nkoEh j' rJ/ jK fe i/ e'Jh ;kvk jh G?D-GkJh fes/ wzdjkbh dh wko

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j/m nk ikt/ sK n;hA T[; dh wdd sK eh eoBh ;h, ;r'A T[; Bkb tos-tosJhnk th SZv fdzd/ jK. f;nkD/ ;Zu jh nkyd/ jB fe id'A f;yod[gfjo j[zdh j? sK nkgDk goSktK th ;kE SZv fdzdk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ jh@FkfJo fJwkw pyF Bkf;y# dk efjDk j?L-

f;nk-pysh w/A ep e'Jh fe;h ek ;kE d/sk j? fe skoheh w/A ;k:k Gh i[dk j'sk j? fJB;K ;/

fBo;zd/j @r[Mh oj/ Bk jho j}ko ftu'A# torh ;[yB f;nkDgw[skfpe r[ioksh, wkotkVh s/ gko;h d'-uko pokdohnK nfijhnK jB,fijVhnK fe nkgD/ B/Vb/ ;ke-;pzXhnK dh n"y/ t/b/ fJem/ j' e/ wddeodhnK jB. gzikp ftu nfijk tXhnk uZbD no'Vk pokdoh ftud/yD-;[DB Bz{ fwbdk j?, go fJj b'e th f;oc nkgD/ pj[s B/V d/foFs/dkoK dh jh ;jkfJsk eod/ jB. go fJ; soQK dk tXhnk gqubD;kv/ d/F s/ ;wki ftu nkN/ ftu b{D j'D wkso fes/-fes/ jh j?.nfijhnK ;fjukoh s/ ;fjekoh GktBktK Bkb Us-gq's oZp d/ pyF/ e[MfBt/eb/ fij/ ;ZiD g[oF s/ e[M e[ yk; pokdohnK jh j[zdhnK jB. fJBQKGktBktK d/ fgZS/ fgnko s/ fgnko Go/ fdbK dk j'Dk pj[s }o{oh j?l fit/A fe @w]w{o d/jbth# dk eEB j?L-

w[jpZs e/ bhJ/ e[S yk; fdb wy;{; j's/ j?A:/ t' Brwk j? i' jo ;k} g/ rk:k BjhA iksk

go e[b fwbk e/ n;hA fJ; gy'A @fuVhnK dh w"s s/ rtkoK dk jk;k#torh nkgDh wkVh ;'u s/ xNhnk gqftosh dk ;d'A jh w[}kfjok ehsk j?.fJ; tk;s/ n;hA fe;/ d{i/ Bz{ fvZrd/-Yfjzd/ s/ wkfJe gZy'A N[ZNd/-fpyod/t/y e/ y[F-nBzd j[zd/ jK. fJ; bJh n;hA fJzB/ e[ p/fbjk} s/ p/w[otZsGkt w'j jhD j' rJ/ jK. fJ; eoe/ n;hA efjzd/ jK fe d/F dh iBsk s/;kv/ G?D-GkJh ikD gjkV ftu go n;hA JhN, vfoze n?Av ph w?oh tkbk;tkoEh s/ tgkoe Gkt ykT[, ghT[ eo' nBzd, nZr/ nkg/ ikD/ gowkBzdtkbk B}ohnk oZyhJ/.

;kv/ d/F ftu w[Bkcky'oh d/ gZy'A ;G s'A tZX ekb'Bh wkfbeK,fpbvo} s/ gqkgoNh vhbo} B/ jZE ozr/ jB. id'A fe n;b ftu fJB;kBd/ f;o #s/ SZs s/ fYZv ftu nzB j'D dh }o{os d[BhnK dh fJe tZvh b'V

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j?. go fJj fJe e'Mh ;ZukJh j? fe fJB;kB dhnK fJBQK w[YbhnK b'VKdk tgkoheoD eoe/ ;kv/ ;owkJ/dko, bhvo s/ nj[d/dko GoktK B/wkfJnk ftu jh jZE BjhA ozr/l ;r'A nkgD/ rohp GoktK d/ y{B-g;hB/ dkw[Zb tZfNnk j?. ;kv/ w[be ftu wfjzrkJh dh fezBh wko j? fJ; dk nzdk}kfJ; rZb s'A bkfJnk ik ;edk j? fe fgZS/ fij/ wfjzrkJh dh do 8H76s'A 0H25 xN e/ id'A 8H51 j'Jh sK ;koh ;oeko s/ ;fj:'rh gkoNhnKy[Fh ftu eZSK tik e/ pkxh gkT[D bZr gJhnK fe fit/A d[BhnK jh cfsjeo bJh j't/.

fJ; soQK jh n;hA rohpK d/ dodwzd pD e/ T[BQK #s/ pVk so; yKd/fd;d/ jK. fe;/ tZv/ ;torh g[zB dh gqkgsh ti'A rohph jNkU d/ @Bkno/-Nkno/# n;hA ne;o jh wkod/ ofjzd/ jK. go fJ; d/ pkti{d th ftFtp?Ae d/ ;ot/yD nB[;ko ;z;ko gZXo #s/ gquZfbs vkbo w[Zdok d/ w[skfpe@rohph o/yk# s'A EZb/ ofjzd/ GkoshnK dh frDsh 75 ch;dh s'A T[go j?.go ;kv/ ;ot/yD nB[;ko i/ Gkosh eoz;h B{z nXko pDk e/ d/fynk ikJ/sK rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ ofj oj/ b'eK dh frDsh 37 ch;dh pDdh j?. gofJ; ;ot/yD w[skfpe fgzvK ftu o'}kBk 15 o[gJ/ s/ FfjoK ftu 20o[gJ/ fdjkVh B{z xZN' xZN r[}ko/ dh ;hwk wzfBnk frnk j?.

fBo;zd/j nZi d/ ;w/A nB[;ko @ihtB o/yk# B{z pukT[D bJh 15 o[gJ/iK 20 o[gJ/ dh fdjkVh-T[ios B{z tkip ;wMDk fJe pj[s jh jk;'-jhDk s/ GZdk fijk fj;kph-feskph wy"b j?. ;kv/ d/F ftu iB-;XkoBdh f}zdrh ftu ;t/o s'A Fkw sZe dh fwjBs-w[FZes s'A pknd i/ ghg/ftu nkNk g? ikt/ sK fJj oZp dh feqgk Bkb tZvh gqkgsh j?. rohp bJho'Nh, o'}h s/ wekB dk w;bk fJBQK tZvk pD frnk j? fe ;w[Zuk rohptor e{e fojk j? fe g/N Bk gJhnK o'NhnK s/ ;G/ rbK y'NhnK.;kvh o'}-woQk dh f}zdrh s/ fco ;kvh p/fj; wkBf;esk dhsoiwkBh @FkfJo w[;jch# d/ fFno d[nkok j[zdh j? feL-

Fkw jh ;/ p[Mk ;k ofjsk j?fdb j? r':k fuokra w[\fb; ek

nZi ;ko/ Gkos d/ nypko s/ NhHth u?Bb gb?fBzr efwFB tb'A jkbftu jh T[uh u[eh s/ BthA fBFfus ehsh rohph o/yk d/ pko/ pK-pKn eo

280

oj/ jB. ;oeko B/ j[D phHghHn?ZbH Gkt rohph o/yk s'A Eb/ ftneshnKs/ T[BQK dh nkwdB d/ Bt/A jh wkgdzv fds/ jB. fJ; nB[;ko j[D FfjoKftu xN'-xN r[}ko/-GZs/ dh ;hwK 20 o[gJ/ s'A tXk e/ 32 o[gJ/ ns/fgzvK ftu 15 o[gJ/ s'A tXk e/ 26 o[gJ/ wzB b?D dk tZvk wknoekwkfonk j?. go ;oeko Bz{ fJ; jk;'jhD/ sZoe-ftsZoe d/ Bkb j[D fJjth ;wMD dh b'V j? fe fj;kph feskph nzeV/-n"AefVnK Bkb fYv BjhAGfonk ik ;edk. yk; eoe/ id'A fe gb?fBzr efwFBoK Bz{ gZek gsk jhj? fe T[BQK dk gb/N Go ykDk fJe j}ko o[gJ/ s'A xZN BjhA nkT[Adk.

;r'A gzikp ftu sK fJe gqhsh G'i #s/ 28 bZy o[gJ/ you eoB dh]po row j?. fJ; 28 bZy ftu'A 18 bZy o[gJ/ sK YkJh-fszB ;" pzd/ d/ykD/ #s/ jh you j' frnk dZf;nk iKdk j?. fJ; w[skfpe sK fJe-fJewfjwkB seohpB 6000 o[gJ/ dh gb/N uNw-uZN eo frnk j?. pVhj?okBh j[zdh j? fe ;kv/ T[Zu nfXekoh Gkos d/ jh Bkrfoe jB, go T[j}whBh jehesK s'A fezB/ d{o jB. id'A T[j nwhoK dh rZb eod/ jB sKT[BQK d/ wkgdzv u'oK dk wkb s/ vKrK d/ r} nB[;ko j[zd/ jB s/ id'ArohpK dh rZb eod/ jB sK T[j fpbe[b jh p/FZeoe j' iKd/ jB.

;gFN j? fe 32 o[gJ/ ftu nZi dh wfjzrkJh ;w/A fszB ;" rokw eDeiK u"b, 250 e[ ;" rokw ;p}h iK dkb, 150 rokw rzY/-fgnk} s/ 100fwbh-fbNo d[ZX jh nkT[Adk j?. i/ fJe fwjBseF feo;kB iK w}d{o Bz{fJj y[oke fwbdh j? sK oZp jh ;[Zy oZy/ fe gsk BjhA fe T[j ns/ T[; #s/fBoGo T[; dk gfotko s/ pkb-pZuk fet/A fiT[Adk j?< p/FZe fe;/ ;{os ftuth fJj oZp brdh rZb sK BjhA j?, go gb?fBzr efwFB th ftdtkBK dkGfonk fgnk j? fJ; bJh efwFB mhe jh efjzdk j't/rk fe fJe fdB ftunkgDh ykX-y[oke tk;s/ Ffjo ftu 32 o[gJ/ gqsh fdB s/ 965 o[gJ/ gqshwjhBk youD tkbk ns/ fgzvK ftu 26 o[gJ/ gqsh fdB s/ 781 o[gJ/youD tkbk pzdk rohph o/yk s'A Eb/ BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk.

f}eo:'r j? fe fpibh, gkDh s/ feokJ/-GkV/ d/ you/ fJ; s'A tZyjB ns/ fJj }o{oh you/ T[go'es T[gG'rsk d/ nkpok-evkpok fij/fj;kp-feskp ftu Fkwb jh BjhA jB. go gb?fBzr efwFB d/ ftu p?m/wjK ftdtkBK Bz{ fJj th wzBDk gt/rk fe b{D Bz{ yzv efjD Bkb b{D dh

281

;b{Dh eVtkjN ysw BjhA j' ;edh. fco fJ; soQK d/ noEFk;so d/nzeV/ s/ sZEK dh ny"sh w[jkos d/ gquko s/ gq"g/rzv/ Bkb @rohph jNkT[D#tor/ ;zebg s/ T[d/F gqkgs BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. fi; soQK yzv dh p'ohs/ b{D fbyD Bkb ehVhnK Bz{ yzv dh p'oh Bz{ bZrD s'A jNkfJnk BjhA ik;edk, T[; soQK jh ;ZukJh s/ n;bhns Bz{ F{ro-e'fNv fwZm/-fwZm/ n?bkBKs/ fpnkBK Bkb nkgDh ftdtsk dk fYzv'ok sK fgfNnk ik ;edk j?, gofJ; Bkb fe;/ jkbs ftu th rohph s/ rohp dhnK ;wf;nktK Bz{dor[}o BjhA ehsk ik ;edk.

;kvk fj;kp-feskp T[; i[bkj/ d/ n";s fj;kp tork j? fe fi; B/dfonk gko eoB ;w/A ;ko/ NZpo dh n";s-T[ukJh bJh s/ dfonk dhn";s v{zxkJh eZY bJh. go id'A T[; f;nkD/ B/ nkgD/ fBnkfDnK B{z v[Zpd/d/fynk sK nkgDk b/yk-i'yk d[pkok u?Ze ehsk, sK fj;kp mhe fBefbnk.fJ; #s/ i[bkjk oZp B{z g[ZSD bZrk fe @nopk fiT{A ek fsT{A, fco e[Dpkv{p/ feT[A<# don;b fJ; soQK jh ;kvh f;nkDg s/ ftdtsk nB[;ko;kv/ noEuko/ dk fj;kp-feskp j?. fi; ftu jehes fJj j? fe ;kvh;koh iwQK-scohe fgZS'A fJe e'Mh ;ZukJh fJj th pudh j? fe rohph o/yk s'A th EZb/ ofj oj/ 75 ch;dh b'eK B{z d' ;w/A dh o'Nh th B;hp BjhAj[zdh. go n;hA T[BQK pko/ ;Zu/ fdb'A-wB'A ed/ ;'ud/ jh BjhA.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fjzd';skB dh nkofEe s/ fsikosh okiXkBh w[zpJh dh@rohp Xkoth p;sh# dk ;EkB nZi th d[BhnK ftu gfjb/ Bzpo #s/ j?. fJ;soQK jh d/F dh okiXkBh fdZbh ftu okiGkr d/ wkfbe jo f;nk;h gkoNhd/ ;kv/ fwjopkB nkr{ ;kv/ ;wki ftu jh ofjzd/ jB. go T[BQK dh ;VeK#s/ fBZs wzrfsnK dhnK vkoK t/yD T[gozs th rohpK T[go b'VhAdh feqgk-fdqFNh ed/ th BjhA j'Jh. fco fJj rZb sK tZyoh j? fe ;ko/ d/F ftunDfrDs rohpK s/ rohpK dhnK p;shnK dk eh jkb j? iK rohpK d/ xoKftu eh Gzr G[Zidh j? ns/ T[BQK d/ ihtB ftu eh phsdh j?< ikgdk j? fefJ; eo'gh-tosko/ dk ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA jh iK sK ;kv/ ofjpoK B{z gsk BjhA j?/ ns/iK fco T[BQK dk fJ; Bkb e'Jh bkrk-d/rk BjhA j?.

fJ; soQK jh uzvhrVQ fszB y[Fjkb gqKsK dk e/Ado wzfBnk iKdk j?,go fJE/ th j[D nZX-gkN/ eZgfVnK ftu'A w}d{oK dh rohph v[ZbQ-v[ZbQ g?Adh

282

fd;dh j?. ;r'A fJj jkbs sK o'Nh-o'}h tk;s/ bj{-g;hBk fJe eod/w}d{o tor dh j?. fJ; ekw/ tor s'A th EZb/ ;kv/ FfjoK s/ BroK ftup[Ykg/, nzrjhD s/ pkbgD d/ ekoB ewkJh s'A n;woE fJe tZvk torofjzdk j?, fi; dh e'Jh ;wkfie ;[oZfynk BjhA j?. c/o j[D sZe fes/ ths/ fe;/ th ;oeko tb'A ;wki d/ pkbgD, ngkji s/ p[Ykg/ dh b'VhAdh;zGkb tk;s/ e'Jh m'; s/ fBZro ekotkJh BjhA j'Jh j?. FkfJd fJ; eoe/jh ;kv/ ;wki d/ fJe tZv/ rohp tor B/ nwho tor dh iBwiks s'Ajh ;[Zy-nokw dh ykfjF s/ ;tor dh ukjs dh g{osh ykso ;kv/ tb'Ag[zB-dkB s/ uVQkt/ uVQkT[D dh nkds dk ;jkok b? e/ Ghy wzrD B{z nkgDkiBw-f;ZX feZsk pDk fbnk j?.

fe;/ th ;fGne s/ ftef;s w[be ftu T[E'A dh iBsk tk;s/ iBws'A b? e/ woB sZe f;js, f;Zfynk s/ o[}rko bJh ;oeko tb'A ;wkfies/ nkofEe ;[oZfynk fdZsh iKdh j?. go fJ; gZy'A n;hA sK ni/ o'Nh,eZgVk s/ wekB torhnK b'VK s/ Mw/fbnK pko/ jh BjhA ;'u ;e/, fco;wkfie s/ nkofEe ;[oZfynk d/D dh rZb sK fes/ pknd dh j?. @;" jZEoZ;k f;o/ #s/ rzY# tkbh rZb fJj j? fe ;kvhnK rbhnK s/ ;VeK #s/rohph d/ ekoB n"osK dh Fow-j:k bho'-bho j' ojh j? ns/ Bzr-XVzr/pZfunK dk pugB rbhnK ftu o[b e/ ;kvh ny"sh nwhoh s/ soZeh dkw{zj fuVQk fojk j?. go n;hA fJj ;G e[ZM t/y e/ th Ugoh fijh B}oBkb w{zj c/o e/ s/ p/]po fij/ j' e/ T[E'A dh bzx iKd/ jK. pZ; fJj jhfejk ik ;edk j? fe @@J/j[ jwkok ihtDk s{ ;kfjp ;u/ d/fy..##

jK! rZb eo oj/ ;h fe id'A N?bhc'B #s/ ;[Dd/ jK fe @w?A B/jk, w/jkiK ;ziht, okiht p'b ojK j{z# sK wB n"yk j[zdk j? fe xZN'-xZN p[V/QpzfdnK B{z d[gfjo/ nokw eoB t/b/ e'Jh th feT[A szr eo/< fco j'o thwkBf;e s"o #s/ szr eoB tkbh rZb fJj j[zdh j? fe fpBK s[jkvhikfJdkd s/ nkwdB ikD/ s'A fpBK e'Jh neF/-beF/ fJj nZbQk pyF/ fe;/fJBt?;Nw?AN gbkB dh s\;hb ;[DkT[D tk;s/ e?;/N tKr{z p/wsbp T[XVoj/ j'D. nc;'; fJj j? fe fJj XB-e[p/o ezgBhnK tkb/ Gb/wkD; fJjth BjhA ;wMd/ fe nkw xoK dk youk sK ;oeko d/ xkN/ tkb/ piN tKr@nkwdB nmZBh s/ you o[gJhnk# nB[;ko jh ubdk j?. fco T[j pzdksK j'o th }fjo tork brdk j?, fijVk GbkwkD; nZr'A s[jkvh d[Zy-

283

ejkDh jh Bk ;[D/ fe GkJh ;/ftzr dh rZb sK d{o ojh, ;kvk sK r[}kokth oZp nk;o/ jh uZbdk j?.

;' nkT[ d';s'! fJBQK B"i[nkB e[VhnK-wz[fvnK dh frD/-fwE/ sohe/Bkb N?bhc'B ezgBhnK Bkb fwb e/ ;kB{z frD/-fwE/ sohe/ Bkb p/nokweoB dh ;kfiF B{z Bkekw eohJ/. ]?o! fJj fJj eoB s'A gfjbK fJjth }o{o ftuko b?Dk fe ;wki dh fe;/ e[ohsh B{z ysw eoBk sK fJegk;/ fojk ;r'A fe;/ wkVh nkds pko/ }[pkB y'bQDk th nkgD/-nkg ftufJe tZvh gq/FkBh pD ;edk j?.

ub'! nkgK j[D fdbbrh SZvhJ/ s/ fJ; ;fEsh ftu u[Zg-ukg fJ;;wkfie wzso s/ nkofEe szso dk oND eohJ/. ed/ Gkos wK d/;zxoFh :'X/ d/F dh n}kdh bJh fJj fejk eod/ ;B fe @s/r'A e/ ;kJ/w/A gb eo i[nK j{J/ j?A, J/e y/b ikBs/ j?A cK;h g/ M{b ikBk.# pZ; j[DfJT[A brdk j? fe ;kv/ tk;s/ sK j[D @gq/FkBhUA w/A gb eo i[nK jw j{J/j?A. J/e y/b ikBs/ j?A r[ops e/ czd/ g/ M{b ikBk# dh rodkB jh pkehofj rJh j?. Gbk j't/ T[BQK oZp d/ pzfdnK dk fe fiBQK B/ ;kB{z n}kdhs/ n}kdh d/ ;ko/ ;[Zy-nokw fdtk fdZs/, go nc;'; fJj j? fe n;hAnkgDhnK jh y[dro}h GZdoekohnK s/ wkVhnK ekor[}kohnK d/ ekoBnkgD/ bJh p/F[wko gq/FkBhnK yVQhnK eo oZyhnK jB. ;kvh ;koh nwhohs/ rohph dh ;fEsh d/ ;zdoG ftu pj[s jh Y[ZethA soiwkBh e?bth d/FpdK ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j?.

G[Zy Bkb B/ sVgd/ b'e bZyK, n?go nzB r[dkwK ftu rb fojk J/n?;/ w[be dk pD{rk @e?bth# eh, uh}K wfjzrhnK s/ fizdK ;;shnK B/

;Zuw[Zu jh ;kv/ noEuko/ dh fJj pj[s jh e"Vh-e;?bh ;ZukJh gqsZyj? fe nwho nkgDh nwhoh ftu rbskB j? s/ rohp nkgDh rohph fturb-;VQ fojk j?. ;otftnkgh fGqFNkuko d/ ekoB uh}K-t;sK wfjzrhnKjB s/ ;kvh }who s/ fizdK ;;shnK jB.

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c"ihnK, gqtk;hnK s/ g?BFBykoK d/ ;[bxd/ w;b/;wki fJe fyZs/ ftu ofjzd/ wod s/ n"osK d/ eJh torK s/ eJh

feZfsnK dk ;w{j j[zdk j?. ;wki d/ fJ; iB;w{j ftu feo;kDh, feZskw[yh b'e, tgkoh, f;nk;h, p[ZXhihth s/ B"itkB tor d/ b'e B[zwkfJnkj[zd/ jB. fJj ;ko/ tor fJe ;wki ftu o'Nh-o'}h s/ r[}o-p;o tk;s/fwjBs w[FZes eod/ jB. fco e[dos ftu xkN/-tkX/ d/ fB:w nB[;koid'A ;wki ftu T{u-Bhu s/ tZv/-S'N/ dk ;tkb g?dk j[zdk j? sK ne;o jh;wki ftu T[gbZpX ;[Zy-;j{bsK dk gbVk T[bko fijk j' e/ e[ZM yk;torK tZb M[e iKdk j?. fJ; soQK d/ n;kt/AgD Bkb ;kv/ ;wkfie s/nkofEe YKu/ ftu T[go'-EZbh nk iKdh j?.

fco eJh tko sK fJj ;wkfie s/ nkofEe stk}B fJzBK ftrViKdk j? fe ;oekoh ftt;Ek s/ ;wki ;/tk eoB tk;s/ pDhnK ;oekohs/ r?o ;oekoh ;z;EktK dk rZvk th ;D/ pbd T[bko j' e/ fgSb/ g{zfMnK#s/ nk iKdk j?. i/ nfijh Bk}[e ;fEsh ftu rZv/ dk T[bkohnk bZr ikt/sK mhe j?l BjhA sK, ;oeko dk rZvk fyZu oj/ f;nk;h nkr{nK dh jkbs;wkfie s/ nkofEe T[bko ekoB pbdK tKr rbx'N{ fijh j' iKdh j?.fco wkV/-w'N/ ;wkfie n;kt/AgD ftu sK ;wki dk y;sk-jkb o/jVk tho[fVQnk ofjzdk j?l go id'A fes/ nkofEe T[bko p/jZd tZX iKdk j? sK@j?t} s/ j?t B"N;# Gkt @fiBQK e'b ;G e[ZM j[zdk j? s/ fiBQK e'b e[ZM thBjhA j[zdk j?# torh ;{os g?dk j' iKdh j?, fco fJi/jh y;sk ;wkfie s/nkofEe jkbs ;wki ftu nkg'-Xkgh s/ gkN'-XkVh nokiesk s/ nZstkdtor/ jkbsK B{z p[bktk fdzdh j?.

fJ; ;{os ftu fJeZb/-ekoQ/ pzd/ dh jZvphsh jo xo d/ u[ZbQ/ s'A wxe/fco xo-xo dk d[yd-okr pD iKdh j?. fJ; soQK id'A ;wki d/ pzfdnKdh jZvphsh iZr }kfjo j'D bZrdh j? sK fJj iZrphsh pD iKdh j?. ;' nZii/ ;kv// ;'jD/ nzBdksk gzikp s/ fJE'A d/ ;[ZyK bZX/ b'eK dh rZb eohJ/ sK j[DfJj seohpB jZE nZvh s/ M'bh c?bkJh yVQ/ gzikp dh dk;skB pD u[eh j?.don;b nkofEe s/ ;wkfie F'FDK dh Mkb MZb ojh gzikphns dhjZvphsh nZi iZr-}kfjo j' e/ ;kv/ ;G bJh Bw'Fh dk ekoD pD ojh j?.

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p/FZe d/F d/ okiBhfse, ;wkfie, Xkofwe s/ nkofEe YKu/ dh rZvhth fes/ Bk fes/ Yhu{z-Yhu{z eo ojh j?l go fit/A efjzd/ jB fe @j'oK B{zj'oh dh s/ nzBQ/ B{z vzr'oh dh# fuzsk j[zdh j?. fJ; nB[;ko sK ;kv/ ;G bJhfuzsk tkbh rZb fJj j? fe gzikp d/ b'e ;G e[ZM j[zd/-;[zd/ th ;kvhokiBhfse s/ gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek dhnK ykwhnK d/ ekoB noEuko/ d/ tZv/n;kt/AgD dk fFeko j' oj/ jB.

nc;'; dh rZb j? fe skes s/ g?;/ dk nBzd wkD oj/ E'VQ/ fizB/ nwhotor, f;nk;h b'eK s/ gqFk;fBe nfXekohnK B{z SZve/ ;wki dkseohpB jo tor s/ jo feZs/ d/ b'e gq/FkB s/ p/u?B p?m/ jB. ;kvh fJeb'e ejkDh nB[;ko ikb ftu c;/ ep{soK tKr n;hA ;ko/ fGqFNkuko s/foFtsy'oh d/ B?ZNtoe ftu c;/ j'J/ nZv'-ckNh }'o bke/ T[vD dh e'fFFsK eo oj / jK. fJ; d / pkti {d th ;kv / d [n kb / fJjfbgfNnk ikb ;w[Zu/ ;wki #s/ fdB-p-fdB j'o th Gko{ j' fojk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu eh wod ;wki s/ eh n"os ;wki, pZ; seohpB-seohpB ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ jh fe;/ Bk fe;/ ;wkfie, nkofEe s/ yk; eoe/okiBhfse gq/FkBh d/ wko/ j'J/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJ ;wkfie y[Fh d/ gq;zrftu fbT[ Nkb;NkJ/ fij/ ftdtkB fuzse dk efjDk j? fe @@;ko/ gfotkoy[F sK fJe' fij/ jh Yzr-sohe/ Bkb j[zd/ jB, go Bky[F nkg'-nkgD/fj;kp Bkb jh j[zd/ jB##. fJj fpbe[b mhe j? fe fJ; ;z;ko ftu n;hAy[F sK f;oc y[Fh d/ fJe jh ;pZph pjkB/ Bkb jh j[zd/ jK, go ;kvhT[dk;h s/ rwh d/ ;kv/ fezB/ jh nkg'-nkgD/ tZy'-tZy ekoB j[zd/ jB.;kvhnK y[FhnK fgZS/ ;kvh uVQdh ebk s/ uktK-T[wzrK dk gqrNktk j[zdk j?,go ;kv/ o'fDnK-X'fDnK fgZS/ ;kvh jo fe;/ dh nkgDh jh Yfjzdh ebks/ fdbrho wkBf;esk j[zdh j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu Ekw; jkovh dk efjDk j? fe y[Fh wB[Zyh dod s/wkBtsk d/ d[yKs ftu ed/-edkJhA tkgoD tkbh xNBk j?. fJB;kBhf\sos j? fe nkdwh ;koh f}zdrh o'Adk ofjzdk j? s/ T[j fes/ G[Zb-G[b/y/ jh jZ;dk j?, go fJ; d/ T[bN ;kvh ;z;feqsh dk fJj th :EkoE j?ns/ fJj gZb/ pzBQD tkbk ;Zu j? fe fijVk pzdk f;de s/ ;po Bkb oZp

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dh o}k ftu y[F ofj e/ jZ;dk j?, p; T[j th t;dk j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh;kv/ nwho ;fGnkuko ftu @j;fdnK d/ xo t;d/# fijh fJe ;Zuh-;[ZuhXkoBk pDh j'Jh j?, go d{i/ gk;/ g{zihtkd s/ fBZitkd d/ ekoB fijVhp/;poh dh jBQ/oh j[D d[BhnK #s/ M[bh j'Jh j?l T[; nB[;ko ;kv/ ;wkiftu j[D nfijh y/v pDh j'Jh j? fe n;hA fes/ ed/-edkJhA jh toQ/fSwkjhA y[F j[zd/ jK, go Bkb jh jo ;w/A rZb-rZb #s/ n;hA nkgDhT[dk;h s/ fBokFk dk o'Dk-X'Dk eoB d/ nkdh j' rJ/ jK.

fJ; tk;s/ feo;kD tor xkN/ tkbh feo;kDh, B"itkB torp/o[}rkoh, n"os ;wki F'FD s/ ;BZnsh s/ d[ekBdko tor rZb eh ;kok;wki jh nkg' Xkgh, b[ZN-y;[ZN s/ wfjzrkJh dh e[ZN eoe/ gq/FkB j?. j'osK j'o p[ZXhihth tor fJj ;G e[ZM t/y fojk j?, go e[ZM efjD eoBs'A n;woE j'D eoe/ p/u?B fijk nzdo'-nzdoh XZ[y fojk j?. fJE/ E'Vhfijh fJj rZb th ;wMD dh b'V j? fe f;nk;h b'eK s/ nc;oFkjh dkrmi'V p/FZe iBsk Bkb'A fB;psB fes/ tZX ;"yk j?l go fJ; d/ pkti{dth fJj nkgDh nfsqgs bkb;k d/ ekoB wor/-wor/ fijhp/wsbp dh jkb gkfoQnk wuk fojk j? ns/ Bkb jh j'o-pZJh-j'o XB;zgsh fJeZmh eoB dh j'V ftu bZfrnk j'fJnk j?.

p/Fe fJj b'e y[d ;wki dk nN[ZN fjZ;k j'D eoe/ fes/ Bk fes/nkgD/ ;ke-;pzXhnK dh j' ojh d[ors d/y e/ nzdo'A- nzdoh sK M[o oj/jB. fJj rZb tZyoh j? fe nkgDh ghV s/ gokJh ghV ftu }whB-n;wkB dk coe j[zdk j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJj e[M e[ teZsh s"o #s/ sK b'eKdk dod wfj;{; eod/ jBl go id'A fJj d[ekBK fij/ pD u[Ze/ nkgD/dcsoK dhnK rZdhnK-r'beK #s/ ik pfjzd/ jB sK Bt/A-Bt/A pD/ ;wki d/fJBQK Fkj{ekoK s/ tgkohnK d/ oks t/b/ d/ T{m bZd iKd/ jB.

go fJ; ;zdoG ftu w/oh fJj wkBsk ojh j? fe i/ e'Jh GkrK tkbkMzvh tkbh iK bkb pZsh tkbh eko #s/ uVQ th iKdk j? sK T[; B{z UBhd/o e'Jh nksfwe s;Zbh iK ;e{B BjhA fwb ;edk fe fizBh d/o T[; d/wK-pkg pZ; ftu ;hN Bk fwbD eoe/ pZ; dh SZs #s/ uVQ e/ ;\o eod/jB. fJ; gq;zr ftu p/FZe wkV/ w'N/ \oe Bkb ;wki dk jo fJe tor

287

;wkfie s/ nkofEe @Bk pokpoh# d/ gZy'A fJe ;zskg jzYk fojk j?.

;kpek ;?fBeK dh nX'rshL-

go nZi fJE/ ;wki d/ T[BQK torK dh rZb eoBh pDdh j? fijV/fe nkgD/ ihtB ekb ftu ;wki B{z pj[s e[ZM d/ u[e/ jB, go j[D nkgD/jh efEs f;nk;h ofjB[wktK, ny"sh gqFk;eh ;/tkdko thoK s/ nkgD/ jhp/fbjk} nzr-;keK d/ p/w[otZs tsho/ s/ p/edoh dk fFeko jB. fJ; Fq/Dh ftu B[wkfJnK s"o #s/ c"ih, gqtk;h Gkosh s/ g?BFBo} nkT[Ad/ jB.

;wki d/ fJj fszB'A tor nkw b'eK Bkb'A jZN e/ nkgDh itkBh dhT[wo ftu e[M Bk e[M wjZstg{oB :'rdkB nkgD/ ;wki bJh fdzd/ jB.go T[wo ftjkn e/ fJzBQK dh jkbs T[; ]or'F Bkb ik fwbdh j?, fi;B{z fe T[;d/ G'b/gD d/ ekoB iZN fSZso Bkb jh e[ZN b?Adk j?. T[; soQKjh ;kvk nkgDk jh ;wki fJzBQK torK d/ ftneshnK gqsh nfj;kBwzdhdh GktBk B{z G[Zbe/ fJzBQK dh brdh tkj d[orZs eodk ofjzdk j?. ni'e/;w/A ftu fJj Gb/wkD; s/ efbnkDekoh b'e i[Zsh Bkb e[ZNh G'bh x[Zrhtkr{z ;kv/ tb'A ehs/ ;wkfie F'FD dk ;"yk fFeko pD oj/ jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu f}eo:'r j? fe ;kv/ c"ih-itkB nkgDk ihtB d/Fs/ e"w dh oZfynk B{z ;wofgs eo fdzd/ jB. fJE'A sZe fe pj[s/ iKpk}c"ih sK nkgDh ikB th fBSkto eoe/ nkgDk ;[Bfjok toswkB ;kv/;'jD/ toswkB s/ GftZy tk;s/ tko fdzd/ jB. go f;Zsw dh rZb fJj j?fe c"ih B"eoh d/ d"okB s/ fco B"eoh s'A pknd nkgD/ jh Fohe/ ephb/d/ jZE'A p/edoh s/ p/fJZ}sh dh wko MZbd/ jB. id'A fe :kd oZyD tkbhrZb fJj j? fe jo c"ih B/ d/F s/ e"w dh fJZ}s-U-fJepkb bJh f;o-XV dh pk}h bkJh j[zdh j?. fco c"ih ;kv/ bJh jh bV/-wo/ j[zd/ jB s/foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd th T[j ;kE'A s/ ;kv/ ;wki s'A i/ e[ZM wzrd/ jB sKT[j f;oc fJZ}s-U-fJepkb jh j?, go f;Zsw fJj j? fe n;hA T[BQK B{zfJzBK th wkD BjhA fdzd/.

j[D dh rZb jh b? bU fe ;ko/ d/F ftu fJe o?Ae fJe g?BFB dktkt/bk jZd'A tZX wfunk j'fJnk j?. rZb B{z f}nkdk bzph Bk eod/ j'J/fejk ik ;edk j? fe i/ c"ihnK dh fJj wzr wzB bJh ikt/ sK d/F d/]}kB/ #s/ i' Gko g? ;edk j? T[j ;kv/ fe; fJe th N{ ih ;g?eNqw tor/

288

xgb/ s/ rVpV x'Nkb/ dk nzF wkso jh j't/rk.

d{i/ gk;/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj ra"osbp j? fe ;z;ko Go ftu fJe'-fJe Gkosh c"i jh j?, i' fe 21153 c[ZN d/ eohp f;nkfuB rb/FhnotorhnK T[ukJhnK T[go d/F dh okyh eo ojh j?. go id'A c"ihnK Bz{T[BQK dk pDdk fJ}s-U-fJepkb iK ;wki ftu T[BQK B{z tXhnk;b{e-;bhe/ fwbtosD fdykT[D dk ;tkb nkT[Adk j? sK T[; t/b/ n;hAnkgDh wkVh fcsos dh v{zxh s'A v{zxh o;ksb sZe gjz[u iKd/ jK. fJ;gq;zr ftu ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe fgSb/ fezB/ jh ;w/A s'A;?Bk s/ ;/tk w[es c"ih bNk-ghAx j' oj/ jB fe T[BQK Bz{ @tB o?Ae tBg?BFB# fdZsk ikt/. go ;oeko fJ; w;b/ s/ @ed/ nkJ/A, ed/ pkJ/A# fijhbhs'-bhbQ dh y/v y/vdh NkjD/ Ngdh fcodh j?. fJ; ;ko/ tkd-fttkdftu fpBK wsbp dh jT[w? d/ f;zr c;/ fd;d/ jB.

;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ ;kpek ;?fBe s/ T[BQK dhnK iE/pzdhnK :sBFhb jB fefJ; w;b/ dk e'Jh jZb S/sh bZG gt/. fpqr/vhno jotzs f;zx, b?cNhB?ANeoBb, ntsko f;zx fGzvo s/ w/io ;zs'y f;zx fYZb'A tor/ gsk BjhAfezB/ jh tXhnk c"ih nkgDh ;w[Zuh n?Ze; nkowh pqdoj[v ;w/s c"ihnKd/ bJh nfs nfjw go ;oeko tk;s/ pV/ fBr{D/ fij/ fuo d/o s'A bwed/-bNed/ w;b/ ftu T[bM/-T[bMkJ/ fcod/ jB. c"ihnK dh fJ; S'Nh fijhfJekJh dh fw;kb s'A fJj ;ZukJh BFo j[zdh j? fe ;kvh c"i p/wsbp jhwkBf;e fij/ dpkn j/m nkJh yVQh j?. go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe jkb/th e'Jh uzrk f;ZNk fBebdk B}o BjhA nk fojk.

fco fJj ir-}kfjo j? fe i/ d/F d/ oytkfbnK Bz{ e'Jh xo/b{-xo'rh iK r?o-}o{oh e'Jh fuzsk pDdh j? sK d/F tk;s/ fJj fusk pDBd/ ;wkB th j' ;edh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ Gkos dh ;ojZd #s/ bVkJh;w/A @tsB eh nkpo{ yso/ w/A j? fsnko j' ikU# tork sokBk id'A fgzv-fgzv s/ FfjoK ftu tZidk j? sK c"ihnK dh b'V s/ nfjwhns dk e"w Bz{GbhGKs nfj;k; j' fojk j[[zdk j?. id'A c"ih itkB fjwkfbnk s'A b? e/ o/fr;skB sZe ;ojZdK dh okyh oksK Mkr e/ s/ ikB j{b e/ eod/ jB, T[d'Ad/F tk;h T[BQK dh t\kdkoh s/ e[opkBh dh pd"bs ne;o ;ojkD/ pKjoZy e/ ;[Zy dh BhAd ;[Zs/ j[zd/ jB.

289

go d{i/ gk;/ id'A ekofrb d/ Fjhd eZcDK s/ skp{sK d/ th w[Zb tZN/iKd/ jB sK ;koh e"w s/ ;ko/ d/F dk f;o Fow Bkb M[Ze iKdk j?. gonc;'; fe ;kB{z s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ nkr{nK B{z oZsh Go Fow BjhA nkT[Adh.y?o! id'A bVkJh dk ysok Nb iKdk j? sK fco c"ihnK dh iBw e[zvbhdh ;wkfie wjKdFk s/ nzsodFk fpbe[b jh pdb iKdh j?. fJE/ fJjrZb pj[s jh rzGhosk Bkb ftukoB tkbh j? fe p/FZe n;hA efjzd/ jK fed/F bJh woBk @;" iBwK d/ ;wkB j?#. go ;kB{z fJj th ;wM b?Dkukjhdk j? fe c"ihnK B{z e'Jh th fuzsk s/ wkBf;e dpkn ;kv/ d/F s/ ;kvhoZfynk bJh xkse f;ZX j' ;edk j?.

fJj mhe j? fe id'A c"ih ;ojZd #s/ j[zd/ jB sK ;kok d/F T[BQK d/r[DrkB eodk j?. izr d/ FjhdK B{z okFNoh ;BwkB th fwbd/ jB. T[BQK d/nzfsw ;z;eko ;w/A th T[BQK dh pjkdoh s/ e[opkBh d/ ;'jb/ rkT[D bJh;oeko-dopko ;G jk}o j[zd/ jB. T[BQK d/ ftuko/ ;ke-;pzXhnK B{z th p/jZd j?okBh j' ojh jz[dh j? fe T[BQK d/ xo tZv/-tZv/ ;kfjpK d/ uoB g? oj/j[zd/ jB. go FKsh d/ ;w/A T[BQK jh c"ih FjhdK d/ gfotko p/b'V/ s/ nDr"b/fij/ j' iKd/ jB. fJj T[jh b'e j[zd/ jB fiBQK d/ xo e[M fdB gfjbK ;kvke"wh sokBk th tfink j[zdk j?. T[d'A jo p[bkok fJe' okr nbkg fojk j[zdkj? fe @Fjhd'A eh fuskT[A go br/Ar/ jo po; w/b/, tsB g/ fwNB/ tkb'A ek:jh pkeh fBFK j'rk#. w[Zedh rZb, bVkJh d/ ;w/A @tsB eh nkpo{ yso/ w/A j?# ns/ @}ok :kd eo' e[opkBh# tor/ ;'jb/ rkJ/ iKd/ jB. go id'A bVkJhysw j' iKdh j? sK @s{z e"D w?A e"D# tkbh jkbs pD iKdh j?. fJj rZb sKT[BQK c"ihnK dh j? i' fe nkgD/ j}koK-bZyK GoktK ftu'A oZp dh ngzqgkopyfFF ti'A nwo FjhdK dh esko ftu ik Fkwb jz[d/ jB.

fJ; s'A nZr/ ;kv/ ;wki ftu c"ih ;/tk s'A fBtfos j' e/ nkJ/ ;kpekc"ihnK dh rZb eoBh pDdh j? fe T[BQK B/ nkgD/ ihtB dk tZvk fjZ;knkgD/ d/F s/ e"w dh fBo-;[nkoE ;/tk ftu nofgs ehsk j[zdk j?. goid'A T[j nkgD/ jh ;wki ftu tkg; nkT[Ad/ jB sK ;kvk ;wkfie s/ yk;s"o #s/ ;kvk dcsoh ;fGnkuko d/y e/ T[j G[Zuek fijk yk iKd/ jB.T[BQK B{z ;kv/ ;wki dh p/o[]h s/ ;kv/ ezwekih ndkfonK ftu j'Jh p/edohgq/FkB eo fdzdh j?. T[j G[wZso/ fij/ ne;o fJj ;tkb g[ZSd/ jB fe ehT[j mhe jB iK T[BQK Bkb pd;b{eh sZe dk ftjko eoB tkb/ T[BQK d/

290

GkJh-tho mhe jB fe T[BQK dk e'Jh ezw f;ckfoFpk}h iK fe;/o/N-t/N s'A fpBK j[zdk jh BjhA j?.

c"i ftu id'A fe T[BQK B/ nfijk toskok G[Zb e/ th BjhA t/fynkjz[dk. go XzB j?, T[BQK dh c"ih Nq/fBzr fe id'A T[BQK B{z nkgD/ mhe ezw bJhth yZib-y[nko j'Dk g?Adk j? iK nyho T[BQK dk ezw th id'A BjhA j[zdk sKfco th T[j ;pzXs nc;o B{z @mhe j? ;Zo# efj e/ ;b{N wkoB s'A BjhAy[zMd/. fJ; ;{os ftu d[Zy dh rZb fJj j? fe ;kvk dcsoh GkJhukokpVk Yhm fijk pD e/ T[j T[BQK d/ c"ih d;s{o s/ fJe sock o;w/-t\kdk nBzd wkD fojk j[zdk j?.

w[YfbnK ;fwnK s'A jh e'Jh nkdwh id'A c"i ftu Gosh j[zdk fojkj? sK gfotkfoe wkD-wfonkdk s/ ;yFhnsh FkB d/ nkdoF T[; d/;kjwD/ oj/ jB. nZi th ;koh T[wo c"ih T[; wkD-wosp/ s/ FkB B{zf;oXV dh pk}h bk e/ fBGkT[Adk j?. p/FZe ;kv/ ;wki d/ ftu c"ihnK dhfe;/ ;w/A pj[s jh edo ojh j?, go j[D ubd/-ubd/ fJe g[okD/ b'erhs @c"ih B{z Bk d/JhA pkpbk T[j ;D/ p{N bZs wko/# nB[;ko nZi-eZbQdhnK e[VhnK c"ihnK Bkb ftnkj eokT[D B{z e'Jh pj[sh soihj BjhAfdzdhnK. go fco gsk BjhA gqwkswk B{z eh wB}{o j? fe nZi dk ;wkiT[; s'A ozw dh p'sb s'A b? e/ T[; dh e[opkBh sZe pZ; e[M Bk e[M wzrdkjh ofjzdk j?. fJj th d/yD ftu nkT[Adk j? fe c"ih dk Fohek th ;kv/ftu'A jh j[zdk j?. fJ; eoe/ n;hA T[; d/ Gok-GkJh fdb'A BjhA ukj[zd/ feT[j nkgDh }whB-ikfJdkd dk ;kv/ pokpo dk jZedko pD/. eJh wkV/pzd/ sK fdb'-fdbh fJj ukj[zd/ jB fe c"ih dh fes/ ;ojZd #s/ jh nbyw[Ze ikt/, go nZr/ T[BQK dh eow-fe;ws j?, fit/A fe FkfJo@w;s ebeZsth# dk efjDk j? feL-

w[dZJh bky p[ok ukj/ s' fenk j'sk j?tjh j'sk j? i' wB}{o/-y[dk j'sk j?

]?o! fJ; nB[;ko fJj sK mhe j? Fohe/ d/ ektK s/ froMK o{ghpzfdnK d/ efjD nB[;ko sK c"ih BjhA wod/. jK fJzBk }o{o j? fe fJjwkVk Fohek c"ihnK dk fiT{Dk d[Go eo fdzd/ jB. id'A c"ih nkgDhfvT{Nh #s/ j[zdk j? sK T[; B{z pj[s jh E'V/ ;w/A bJh xo nkT[D dh S[ZNh

291

fwbdh j?. wzd/ GkrhA i/ fes/ T[; dk nkgD/ Fohe/ Bkb i/ e'Jh ykb iKtZN dk o"bk g? ikt/ iK do[;sh-frodktoh s/ se;hw dk e/;EkD/-eufjoh uZb gt/ sK ;wM' fe c"ih pkJh f;j[z d/ wkV/ fdB F[o{ j'rJ/ jB. c"ih EkD/-eufjoh iKdk j? sK nc;'; dh rZb j? fe T[; d/ Bkbfgzv dk w'jspo pzdk sK eh ;r'A efjzd/ jB fe fgzv dk e[Zsk th BjhAs[odk. feT[Afe d{i/ gk;/ i' Gok iK Fohe fgzv ofjzd/ jB, T[BQK dk gZyg{oB bJh ;kok fgzv i[V iKdk j?. fgzv t;d/ GoktK dhnK sK f;ckfoFKth EkD/-eufjohnK ftu bZr iKdhnK jB feT[Afe T[j nc;oK s/eowukohnK Bkb ;/tk-gkDh d/ Bkw #s/ nkgDh g[ZS-gqshs pDk b?Ad/ jB.

go c"ih ;kv/ fJBQK ;ko/ Bt/A s"o-sohfenK s/ b{zpV ukbK s'A nDfGZi j[zd/jB. fJ; tk;s/ T[BQK d/ fto'Xh tehb tZb'A pZ; rbk yokp j'D dh fJecfonkd jh fe;/ e/; ftu wjhB/ e[ dh skohy g[nkT[D bJh ekch j[zdh j?.fJ; soQK pZ; c"ih dh S[ZNh dh fwnkd wZ[e iKdh j? s/ c"ih tho @b"N e/ p[ZX{xo e' nkJ/# torh ;fEsh ftu fvT{Nh #s/ tkg; e{u eo iKd/ jB. n;hAc"ihnK gqsh nkgD/ tos-tosho/ ftu frofrN tKr{z ozr-pdozr j[zd/ ofjzd/jK. n;hA ed/ @tsB eh nkpo{ yso/ w/A j?# bVkJh ;w/A rkDk ;[Dd/ oj/ jK,T[j rkDk j[D i/ fes// fgzv ftu Fokp, nchw iK G[Zeh-g';s cVD bJhg[fb; dk o/v j' ikt/ sK ;[DB ftu nkfJnk j? fe BroK d/ ftu ;gheoK#s/ nwbhnK d/ pukn tk;s/ bk fdZsk iKdk j?.

y?o! fJj rZs-d[orZs seohpB ;ko/ j'o eowukoh torK dh thj[zdh j?. coe f;oc fJzBk jh j[zdk j? fe c"ih nkgD/ ;{p/ s'A pj[s d{oB"eoh #s/ skfJBks j[zd/ jB, go f}nkdkso f;tb nfXekoh s/ eowukohne;o gzikp ftu jh B"eoh eod/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ c"ihnK Bkb'A nkw s"o#s/ fJBQK dh xZN pkp j[zdh j?. gqwkswk Bk eo/ i/ fes/ }whB-ikfJdkddk e'Jh bVkJh-MrVk g? ikt/ sK eowukoh e[M e[ wkfJe gZy'A s/ e[M e[wko-y'o/ Bk j'D eoe/ GoktK s'A wko jh yKd/ jB.

fJ; s'A fJbktk T[j dcsoK d/ nwB-nwkB ftu ofjzd/-ofjzd/ y[dnwB-g;zd j' iKd// jB, T[Xo d{i/ gk;/ T[BQK d/ g/Av{ GoktK B{z EkD/-jtkbks d/ nzdo iK pkjo ofjD dk e'Jh f}nkdk coe BjhA g?Adk.don;b, B"eoh eoB tkb/ sK ebw dh wko Bkb jh wo iKd/ jB ns/

292

d{i/ gk;/ fgzvK tkb/ sK vKr wkfonk th BjhA wod/. fJj jh ekoB j? fefijV/ eowukoh }whBK d/ wkbe jB, T[BQK d/ Fohe T[BQK d/ fybkcnoih-gou/ gkJh jh oZyd/ jB.

pfjojkb foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd th c"ih s/ yk; s"o #s/ c"ih nc;oth fJe rZb BjhA G[Zbd/ fe j[D T[j nkgD/ c"i tkb/ wkj"b ftu BjhA jB.ne;o T[j G[Zb iKd/ jB fe j[D T[j fdB BjhA oj/ id'A fe itkBh ftu@ybhb yK ckysk Gkt ep{so T[vkfJnk eod/ ;B.# fJ; bJh T[BQK B{zth ;wki d/ d{i/ torK Bkb G?D-GkJhnK tKr{z jh ofjD dh b'V j?.

;kpek c"ihnK tk;s/ oki gZXo #s/ ;?fBe GbkJh p'ov s'A b? e/ f}bQkgZXo sZe ;?fBe GbkJh dcso th jB, go e[Zb fwbk e/ fJj ;kpekc"ihnK B{z dog/F w;fbnK s'A b'VhAdh okjs fdtkT[D ftu n;woE oj/jB. eJh ;kb j'J/ w'rk s/ b[fXnkDk fty/ ;?fBe fdt; wBkT[D t/b/ i'xNhnk fe;w dh ekotkJh f}bQk gqFk;B tb'A fdykJh rJh, T[j fBzdD:'rj?. b[fXnkDk ;wkrw #s/ fJe p}[or ;BwkB ;wko'j ;w/A e[obk T[fmnkfe w?E'A nkgD/ wjKtho uZeo fti/sk g[Zso dh pjkdoh d/ fJt} ftufdZsh Fkb s/ ;BwkB gZso tkg; b? bU, go w/o/ g's/ d/ BKn fJzsekbeotk fdU.

fJj 2004 dh rZb j?, ;N/i #s/ wzsoh ih th F[F'fGs ;B s/ w?A th;?fBe GbkJh wfjew/ tb'A jk}o ;h. w?A T[E'A d/ vhH;hH B{z fJ; ;pzXhg[ZfSnk fe f}bQk ;?fBe GbkJh dcso ;kpek ;?fBeK dhnK w[FfebKfeT[A BjhA jZb eo fojk. fvgNh efwFBo dk pVk r[;sky fijk itkp@nkJh B" wkJh i"p# ;h. ]?o! w?A th T[; B{z w'VthA Gkih gkT[Ad/ j'J/wfB;No ;kfjp d/ ;kjwD/ jh ;wMk fdZsk fe i/ iBkp s[jkB{z nkgDk ezwnkT[Adk j[zdk sK wjKtho uZeo fti/sk c"ih dk fgsk ;oeko d/ w{zj #s/eokoh ug/V Bk wkodk. go nc;'; wfB;No ;kfjp fJT[A u[Zg oj/ fit/A e[ZM j'fJnk jh Bk j't/.

w?B{z fynkb nkfJnk fe fJj jh c"ih id'A w'ofunK #s/ j[zd/ jB sKfJBQK B{z ;wki nZpk-nZpk efjzdk fcodk j?. Gbk j't/ ;kvhnK ;[nkDhnKdk fe T[j izr t/b/ c"ih thoK B{z u{VhnK s/ eKN/ th nogD eo fdzdhnKjB. Fjhd ;?fBeK d/ BKn #s/ ;e{bK s/ ;VeK d/ Bkw oZy/ iKd/ jB.

293

f}fbQnK d/ T[Zu nfXekoh T[BQK d/ fgzvK ftu ik e/ T[BQK B{z FoXKibhnKfdzd/ jB, go pknd ftu f}bQk gqFk;B edh Fjhd c"ih thoK d/ pZfunKdh pks sZe BjhA g[ZSdk s/ f;Zsw fJj j? fe pj[s/ EkJhA sK nkgD/ FjhdKB{z T[BQK BroK d/ b'e th BjhA f;nkDd/.

n;hA G[Zb rJ/ jK fe fJj ;kv/ Fjhd iK ;tzsosk ;zrokwh jh jB,fiBQK ;dek ;kvh j'Ad ns/ ;kv/ j[D d/ ;wkfie wkD-woksp/ jB. n;hAnfj;kB cokw'F fij/ pD e/ fJj G[Zb iKd/ jK fe fJBQK FjhdK dhnKe[opkBhnK ;dek jh n;hA ;[Zy dh BhAd ;"Ad/ jK. go T[BQK gqsh i' ;kv/feodko s/ ;kv/ nwb dk coe j?l T[; s'A ;kvh eEBh s/ eoBh d/ ck;b/dk gsk bZrdk j?l fJj ck;bk fJzBK j? fizBK fe wjkB dkoFfBe ;[eoksns/ ;kv/ dofwnkB ftdtsk s/ ;w/A dh d{oh j?. ;kv/ ;?fBeK dh p/edohdk w;bk nfs rzGho j?, fi; B{z fe pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukod/ j'J/;w/A dhnK ;oekoK, ;wkiK s/ ;w[Zu/ ntkw tb'A c"ihnK d/ fJZ}s-U-fJepkb dh pjkbh tk;s/ e'Jh m'; s/ fBZro Bhsh #s/ nwb eoB dh b'Vj?. fJ; tk;s/ fJj B/e eow eoB fjZs ;kB{z ;wMD dh b'V j? fe fJ;;pzXh ;kE'A fes/ pj[s d/o Bk j' ikt/.

gqtk;h gzikphnK d/ w;b/L-

fJ; s'A nr/ gqtk;h thoK dh d[ydh or dh rb eohJ/ sK fJ; gq;zrftu gqtk;h Gkosh ;kv/ T[j fgnko/ jw;kJ/ G?D-Gok jB, i' ;kv/ Bkbjh ;kv/ ;'jD/ gzikp dh ;o}whB #s/ izw/-gb/ s/ y/v/-wZb/, go T[BQK B{z id'AfJE/ o'Nh-o'}h dh e[dosh ro} ;w/A ikfgnk fe T[BQK dh b'VhAdh g[ZS-gqshs BjhA j'Jh. fco T[j ;kvh T[BQK gqsh T[dk;hBsk s/ p/o[yh t/y e/B'p/b g[o;eko fti/sk jor'fpzd y[okBk s/ j'o fezB/ jh p/nzs ekfpbgzikphnK tKrz{ fJE'A gbkfJB eo rJ/. fJ; soQK ;kv/ d/F d/ B"itkBK tb'Aftd/FK bJh tjhoK xZsD Bkb gsk BjhA fezBk e[ po/B-vo/B GktB"itkBK dh ekpbhns s/ fwjBseFh dk p/FZehwsh ;owkfJnk pkjoftd/FK ftu ubk frnk j?.

;wMD tkbh f;ZXh-gZXoh rZb sK fJj j? fe fJj b'e j[DfBo;zd/j nkg{z-;j/Vh ibktsBh G'r oj/ jB. fJBQK d/ wB ftu id'A fes/Bk fes/ nkgD/ tsB dh fwZNh dk w'j ikrdk j? sK fJj tkg; nk e/ e'Jh

294

Bk e'Jh ;BZnsh iK fsikosh i[rkV eoBk ukj[zd/ jB. e[ZM e[ gqtk;h thosK nkgDh fwZNh dh wfje d/ gZN/ f;oc w'j t; nkgD/ fgzvK dh B[jkoth pdbDh ukj[zd/ jB. fco fJBQK ftu nfijk tor th j? fijVk nkgD/jh yDtkd/ d/ Fohe/ s/ G?D-GoktK tb'A F'FD s/ b[ZN-y;[ZN dk fFeko j?.fJBQK dh r?o jk}oh ftu fJBQK dhnK }whBK-ikfJdkdK s/ fJBQK dk jhFohek-ephbk ekfp} j' fojk j?. fJj e'Jh S'Nk w;bk BjhA j?, ;r'A j[DfJj fJe tZvh ;wkfie s/ nkofEe ;wf;nk pD u[ek j?.

;kv/ fJ; tosko/ ftu G/d tkbh rZb f;oc fJzBh jh j? fe F[o{ ftugfjbK n;hA nkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK B{z d/F-gq/w dk ;pe BjhAgVQkfJnk s/ fco T[BQK B{z n;hA o[}rko d/ b'VhAd/ t;hb/-;kXB s/ w"e/w[jZJhnk BjhA eotk ;e/. pZ; ;kv/ fJe fgnko y[D'A fJj ;kv/ nkgD/ jhtho p/rkB/ j' e/ gfjbK Xoksbh gZXo #s/ j}koK e'j d{o j'J/ ns/ j[DwkBf;e gZXo #s/ byK :'iB d{o j' rJ/ jB.

y?o! fJj rZb d[BhnK th wzBdh j? fe gzikph fiE/ th iKd/ jB, T[E/nkgD/ Mzv/ rZv fdzd/ jB. gzikphnK B/ jo ezw ftu Xke iwkJh j? s/d[BhnK B{z nkgDk f;Zek wzBtkfJnk j?. gzikph b'e ;[Gkn s/ nkds s'A nZsd/ f;o dh rZb eoB ns/ g[rkT[D eoe/ ikD/ iKd/ jB. wzfBnk iKdk j?fe iK sK gzikph ezw BjhA eod/ feT[Afe fJj nkdsB tfjb/ ofjD d/F"ehB jB, go id'A ezw eod/ jB sK cZN/ uZe fdzd/ jB. fJBQK pko/ fJegzikph be'esh pj[s jh Y[Zedh j? fe ewbh iK sK y[oedh BjhA s/ i/ ed/-edkJhA y[oedh j? sK bj{ eZY b?Adh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikphnK B/ ;ko/ :"og, nwohek s/ yk; eoe/e?B/vk s/ fJzrb?Av ftu nkgDh fwjBs s/ brB dk f;Zek ubkfJnk j?.}kfjo j? fe fJBQK b'eK B/ pkjo ik e/ nzBQh ewkJh ehsh j?. gofit/A efjzd/ jB fe bj{ s/ wk; d/ foFs/ nN[ZN j[zd/ jB, T[; nB[;kogqtk;h Gkosh fco nkgDh fwZNh d/ w'j d/ wko/ gzikp tZb B{z nk;K-T[whdKBkb d/yd/ jB. gqtk;h Gkosh nkgDhnK e'mhnK s/ ikfJdkdK sK fJE/pDkT[Ad/ jh jB, go fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJj gzikph ;wki B{z j'o th pj[se[ZM d/Dk ukj[zd/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ fJj w"e/ dhnK ;oekoK Bkb rkj/-prkj/ okpsk ekfJw

295

eod/ jB fe gzikp ftu e'Jh ;BZns iK e'Jh j'o g{zih fBt/F okjhAnkgDh iBw G{wh Bkb i[V ;eD. go fJE/ ;kvk B}ohnk ;oekoK s'A b?e/ nkw b'eK sZe e[ZM nfijk j? fe n;hA @u'oK B{z w'o# g?D d/ nykD tKr{zfJBQK B{z w[zBDk-w[ZSDk ukj[zd/ jK, fi; B{z d/y e/ fJj th ukj/-nDukj/ ;kE'AezBh esokT[Ad/ jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu e[Zb fwbke/ nkg;h foFfsnK s/ fwbtosD ;pzXh@fwb' Bk s[w s' jw xpokJ/A, fwb' s' nKy u[okJ/Al jw/A e:k j' r:k j?#torh ;fEsh pDh j'Jh j?. T[Xo fgzvK s/ FfjoK ftu ;kv/ gqtk;h thoBj[z-wk; d/ Bk N[ZND tkb/ foFfsnK s/ nfj;k;K Bkb fijVhnK e'mhnKs/ xo fJj pDkT[Ad/ jB, T[BQK B{z fJBQK d/ jh GkJhtzd s/ Fohe jVZg b?Ad/jB. fco id'A fJj ;oeko/-dopko/ nghb eod/ jB sK fJBQK dh e'Jh;[DtkJh BjhA j[zdh feT[Afe fJj sK fes/ ;kb fSwkjh e[ZM fdBK bJh jhgzikp ftu nkT[Ad/ jB, go d{i/ gk;/ fJBQK d/ fJE/ ofjzd/ Gok s/ FohefJBQK Bz{ ;oeko/-dopko/ nkgD/ ipQ/ s/ n;o-o;{y dk ib"n fdyk e/fJBQK B{z p/ozr fuZmh tKr{z w'V fdzd/ jB.

pkjob/ w[beK ftu ofjzd/-ofjzd/ ;kv/ fJj tho uKdh dh i[Zsh wkoB,w[Zmh row eoB iK ;/tk-gkDh eoB fijhnK dcsoh f;nkDgK B{z ftd/FK d/ uzr/ gqFk;BK ftu ofj e/ G[b rJ/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ fJBQK d/ G?D-GkJhf;nk;h s/ ;oekoh pzfdnK Bkb d';sh s/ wkfJnk G/AN dk ibtk fdyk e/fJBQK #s/ fJzBK wkBf;e dpkn pDk fdzd/ jB fe fJj S/sh jh tkg;hfNeN eNk e/ gqd/;K Bz{ w[V iKd/ jB. fJj n?p;?ANh b?Av-b"ov ;kE'A e[ZMfJB;kc fwbD dhnK pVhnK nk;K-T[whdK b? e/ nkT[Ad/ jB, go nkgD/eZgV/ b[jk e/ fco nkT[D dh T[whd ftu tkg; ub/ iKd/ jB.

fco f;Zsw sK fJj j? fe nZi s'A 25-30 ;kb gfjbK fJBQK s'A ;kBz{;e"u dh p'sb dh tZvh sbp j[zdh ;h iK fes/ fJzg'ofNv Utoe'N s/ j'oeZgV/-bZs/ dh ro} j[zdh ;h. j[D fJj ro}K rb'pb wkoehN d/ n;osfjs fJE/ th g{ohnK j'D br gJhnK jB. fJ; tk;s/ n;hA th nkgD/@fgnko d/ o/N# fJzB/ tXk bJ/ jB fe j[D n;hA vkboK s/ gkT{vK dhnK dZEhnKs'A xZN fJBQK s'A e[ZM wzrd/ jh BjhA. j[D sK ;r'A B"eoFkjh B/ @pV/ whnK ;'pV/ whnK, S'N/ whnK ;[GkB nZbQk# fij/ nykD dk gqsZy gqwkD fdzd/ j'J/gqtk;hnK s'A ftd/F :ksok dhnK T[whdK th bkT[DhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK jB.

296

fJ; gqEkfJ j[D n\;oFkjh B/ sK fJe BtK jh othok cVQ fbnk j?ns/ ftd/FK ftu gqtk;h thoK e'b nkgD/ ;'Nh-Xok dk i[rkV gZek eofbnk j?. id'A n;hA fJBQK e'b T[Xo iKd/ jK sK fJj ftuko/ ;kv/ ;?o-;gkN/ s/ wkVh-w'Nh yohdkoh dk fGqFNkukoh p'M th fFFNkuko ;wM e/Y'Ad/ fcod/ jB. fco fJj ;kBz{ i' nkgDk pj[s jh ehwsh tes ;wofgseod/ jB, T[; dh sK n;hA ed/ frDsh jh BjhA eod/. go id'A fJjgotk;h b'e fJXo gzikp ftu nkT[Ad/ jB sK fJBQK tb'A ftd/FK ftu ;kvhehsh gqkj[Dukoh s/ fbjk} d/ fJt} ftu n;hA fJBQK Bz{ fJe-nX/ vzr dho'Nh toi e/ jh p[Zsk ;ko fdzd/ jK.

fco id'A fJj nkgD/ fJXo d/ FoheK d/ wkV/ otJhJ/ d/ ekoB g?dkj'JhnK d[y-sebhcK ;pzXh nkgDk fdb s/ wB y'bQ e/ nc;oK s/ yk;eoe/ gzikp ;oeko B{z fdykT[Ad/ jB sK fJBQK d/ fgnko s/ yb{; d/ pdb/n;hA fJBQK d/ gZb/ p/feoeh s/ p/edoh jh gkT[Ad/ jK. fJ; ;koh nDj'Dhfijh ;wkfie y/v dh soiwkBh j;os i?g[oh d/ fcbw T[ikbk d/ rhsokjhA jz[dh j? feL-

jw xo-xo iks/A j?A :/ fdb fdybks/ j?Ago :/ d[BhnK tkb/ jw e' m[eoks/ j?A

np ejK ikJ/A jw fe;h e' fe;h go Go';k BjhA

;G s'A tZvh rZb sK fJj j? fe gqtk;h Gok ;kv/ tb'A fJw'FBb Gkti}pksh nZfsnkuko dk fFeko j' oj/ jB. fJj nkg sK ;kE'A d{o j'J/jh jB, j[D fJBQK d/ pZu/ fi;wkBh s"o #s/ jh BjhA, ;r'A wkBf;e s"o #s/th gzikp ftu ofjzd/ nkgD/ gfotkoK s'A d{o j' u[e/ jB. p/FZe T[jtoQ/-fSwkjh gzikp ftu nkT[Ad/ jB, go T[BQK dhnK dkdhnK-BkBhnKgfotkfoe d[GkFhnK dh wdd Bkb jh nkgD/ bkv-ukn g{o/ eodhnKjB. ;kv/ gqtk;h pZu/ g{oh soQK wK p'bh Bk nkT[D eoe/ @j?b'-jkJ/# Bkbjh wZEk N/ed/ jB s/ fJ; soQK fco T[j p}[orK dk nkFhotkd ;wMDd/ th n;woE j[zd/ jB. pZ; fJXo fJebkg/ dk ;zskg jzYkT[Ad/ gqtk;hnKd/ wkfgnK dhnK ;ZXoK nkgD/ g[Zs-g'fsnK B{z fwb e/ th nX{ohnK dhnKnX{ohnK ofj iKdhnK jB.

p/FZe gqtk;h tho gzikp ;oeko B{z nkgDhnK ;wkfie s/ nkofEe;wZf;nktK ;pzXh wzr gZso d/D t/b/ fJ; pVh tvh GktBksfwe ;wkfie

297

;wZf;nk dk f}eo BjhA eod/, go e"V/ s/b tork ;Zu fJj j? fe fJj;ko/ jh nkgD/ pZfunK dh pdb u[eh sfj}hp s/ ;fGnkuko pko/ pj[sjh f\eowzd jB. gqtk;h GkoshnK d/ pZfunK dh fJj ;wZf;nk xo-xodh d[ydh or pD u[eh j?. fJBQK B{z gsk j? fe T[Xo ofjzd/ pZu/ tkg;gzikp BjhA nkT[Dr/ ns/ ;wK g? e/ T[j ;fGnkukfoe gZy'A @gzikph wK-fgU# dh @gzikph n"bkd# th BjhA bZrDr/.

gqtk;h gfotkoK dk nkgD/ pZfunK gqsh fJj o'Dk ;[D e/ ;oekoK thfJj efj e/ p[Zsk ;ko fdzdhnK jB fe pkr ftu'A fJe tko g[ZfNnk p{Nkid'A Bt/A pkrK ftu bkJhdk j? sK fco T[j d[pkok g[okDh fwZNh ftu iVQKxZN jh cVdk j?. w/oh iku/ fJj ;fGnkukfoe ;wZf;nk f;oc gqtk;hgzikphnK iK fJXo t;d/ gzikphnK dh jh BjhA j?, ;r'A ;kvh ;z;feqsh s/;fGnkuko dh ;ogq;s j'D ti'A fJj gzikp ;oeko bJh th fJe tZvhu[D"sh j?. nkofEe s/ j'o ;wkfie wzrK d/ jZb sK j' ikDr/, go i/;fGnkukfoe gZy'A gzikphns jh fybo e/ r[nku rJh sK ;kv/ nkofEebkGK bJh ehs/ :sB-gq:sB th p/eko j' ikDr/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z ;GB{z ns/ yk; eoe/ gzikp ;oeko B{z gzikp dh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh B{zpDkT[D s/ ;jh gfog/y ftu fbnkT[D dh n}jZd }o{os j?. nc;'; feFkBkwZs/ gzikp d/ fJfsjk;, ;fGnkuko s/ ;kfjs B{z ;zGkbD tk;s/ nZisZe e'Jh m'; s/ fBZro Bhsh jh BjhA j?.

y?o! j[D n?ZBHnkoHnkJh thoK Bz{ fJj ;wMD dh b'V j? fe i' fJBQKdh ;wf;nktK ;[DB bJh p'ov s/ efwFB d/ i' n"jV-g"jV ehs/ ik oj/jB fJj seohpB nyK g[{zMD iK r'Arb{nK s'A fwZNh MkVB wkso jh jB.fJ; gqEkfJ w'N/ s"o #s/ fJj rZb ;wMD tkbh j? fe @eZfNnK tkb/ xo'Aed/ bZ;h BjhA fwbdh#. ;r'A G/d tkbh rZb sK fJj j? fe s[;hA ;kE'A wddwzrd/ j' s/ n;hA s[jkB{z ekwX/B{z ;wM e/ s[jkE'A p/nzs wdd dh nk; oZyd/jK. d';s'! s[;hA ;kvh ekwX/B{z rT{ j', fJ; tk;s/ n;hA s[jkE'A v'e/-XkoKb?D B{z fcod/ jK go s[;hA ;kE'A bZ;h b?D s[o/ fcod/ j'.

fJ; gqEkfJ B"eoFkjh sK fJe gk;/ ojh, ;r'A j[D sK ;oekoK ths[jkv/ B'N p?Ae s/ t'N p?AeK dh skes B{z wzBD bZr gJhnK jB. fJ; bJhn;hA j[D nkgD/ pkjo ofjzd/ n?ZBHnkoHnkJhH GoktK s'A B'N p?Ae s/ t'Np?Ae d'BK dh jh p/jZd stZe'A oZyd/ jK. j[D sK s[jkE'A ;kvh bkb;k s/ G[Zy

298

dh fJzsjk fJj j' rJh j? fe i/ s[;hA ;kE'A puDk th ukj' sK pZu BjhA;ed/ feT[Afe n;hA s[jkBz{ w[zBD bJh tXhnk pb/v s/ T[;sfonK dk i[rkVeoh p?m/ jK. fJ; jkbs ftu j[D sK s[;hA fJj jh eo ;ed/ j' fe id'Ath s[;hA fJXo ;kv/ e'b nkT[ sK nkgDh fJe b'eXkok nB[;ko wok;htKrz{ fgzv/ Bz{ s/b wb e/ nkT[ sK fe ;kvk fes/ jZE-c"j jh Bk g? ;e/.

pfjojkb! j[D uZb ojh y'jk-fyzMh dh ;{os/-jkb ftu i/ s[;hA ;'u' fewkfJnk d/ Mbeko/ fpBK s[jkvk e'Jh ezw ;oeko d/ dopkoK s/ dcsoK ftunkgD/-nkg ;t?ukfbs sohe/ Bkb j' ikt/rk sK fJj s[jkvh pVh ykwfynkbhjh j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu jkb/ d';s' @f;Nh fpT{Nhc[Zb# d{o j?. jkb dh xVhs[;hA fJE/ nk e/ eZgV/ b[jkT[D d/ g[okD/ ckow{fbnK Bkb jh ezw ubkT[. j';edk j? fe u'DK d/ ubd/ j'J/ s[jkvk e'Jh sho-s[Zek bZr jh ikJ/. BjhA sKtho'! jkb/ sK fdZbh fJe gk;/ ojh ;r'A uzvhrVQ th yk;k d{o j?. jK ;Zu,fJ; ;ko/ okw o"b/ ftu s[jkv/ e'b tjhoK xZs e/ rJ/ f;nk;h s/ nc;ohN'fbnK dk ;'Nh Xokn eod/ ofjU.

;kv/ ;wki ftu'A fgnko, w[jZps s/ T[bcs BKn dhnK uhiK wBch j'ojhnK jB. ;kJhA p[Zb/ Fkj d/ nZi s'A 250 ;kb gfjbK ej/ FpdK dk ;kofco ;kv/ ;wki ftu fdqFNwkB j' fojk j?. p[Zb/ Fkj B/ fejk ;h feL-

T[bN/ j'o }wkB/ nkJ/ nkgfDnK ftuT[bcs BkjhA, fenk uku/ fenk skJ/

fgT[ g[ZsoK fJs\ke Bk ekJh, XhnK Bkb Bk wkJ/nrb/ j' ezrkb/ p?m/, fgSfbnK \oF ftSkJ/#

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj fynkb th }o{o oZfyU oZfyU fe wkfJnkp}ko d/ o"b/-r"b/ ftu s[jkvhnK wip{ohnK B{z t/y e/ ;kvhnK ykfjFK dhG[Zy d{Dh-u"Dh j' rJh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ woj{w ra}br' dhge i?s'Jh B/fbfynk j? feL-

fdb dh fgnko rkro i?s'Jh j[D T{Dh j' rJhsVcdk wip{ohnK B{z t//ye/ ykfjFK dh G[Zy d{Dh j' rJh

fJ; gq;zr ftu f}eo:'r j? fe fJe tkoh w'r/ d/ fJe n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH;kfjp B/ nkgD/ e'b nkJ/ gqtk;h Gok dh tXhnk fJzg'ofNv ewh} t/ye/ T[; B{z fejk fe b'e @gZr tN Gok# sK pDd/ nkJ/ jB, go nkgK ni

299

@FoN tZN Gok# pDe/ feT[A Bk BthA fgos gkJhJ/. p; fco iBkp B/ T[;Gdog[oF dh ewh} dcso ftu jh wkVk fijk Ujbk eoe/ b[jk bJh;h. ]?o! seohpB 20-25 ;kb gfjbK sK NkJh-e'N iK ewh} T[skoBBkb jh pzd/ dh pzd y[bk;h j' iKdh ;h. go j[D sK sB d/ T[gob/ egV/M[rk-ikwk sK ehl ;r'A nzvo rkow?AN; th @T[soB gqEk# ti'A bkj[D-gkT[D dh B"ps nk u[eh j?. go j[D fJj sK e[M th BjhA, ;r'A gqtk;hnKB{z ;kE'A nkgDh ikB y[bk;h eokT[D bJh ;kvh ftd/F :ksok dhnK tkg;hfNeNK ns/ T[E/ ;?o ;gkN/ s'A fJbktk fBZe-;[e dh ;koh yohdkoh d/wkfJe p'M/ th Y'D/ g?Ad/ jB.

]?o! fJ; wkV/ gqubD d/ ;pzX ftu fJXo ofjzd/ nkgD/ thoK Bz{ th;zr wzBD dh b'V j? fe i/ ukNh dk w{zj y[bQk j't/ sK ;kB{z nkg Bz{ jh bZeDt/b/ Fow nk ikDh ukjhdh j?. fJ; ;pzX ftu ;kB{z ;wMD dh b'V j? fef}zdrh fJe fJs\ke j? s/ fco fJ; ftu d';sh-fwZsosk j'o th tZvkfJs\ke j?. fJ; tk;s/ :kokB/ dk sek}k fJj j? fe fwZsosk Bz{nfj;k;K d/ gZXo #s/ f}nkdk fBGkfJnk ikJ/, Bk fe fwso pDe/ fJed{i/ dh fSb bkj[D dk i[rkV ehsk ikt/. nfijhnK r?o }o{oh ukjsK s/y[dro}hnK Bkb d';sh ftu jw/FK jh fcZe g?Adh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ ;kB{z;kfjo b[fXnkDth d/ fcbw @nkdwh n"o fJB;kB# bJh fby/ rhs s'AB;hjs b?Dh ukjhdh j?.

f}zdrh fJs\ke j?, d';sh fJs\ke j?ukjs/A pVQ e/ gF/wkB Gh j' ikshA j?A

;r'A d';sh B{z fJbkjh fJs\ke ;wMD d/ nfj;k; Bkb d';sh s/fgnko dhnK rzYK ghYhnK j[zdhnK jB. f;nkfDnK dk efjDk j? fe@fgnko e' fgnko jh ofjB/ d', fJ;/ e'Jh Bkw Bk d'#. fJ; ;zdoG ftugzikph dh fJe pVh Y[ZethA ejkts j? fe, @oZp nkD ;pZp iK w/bdk J/sK ]?o j' iKdh Bkb bZ;hJ/ Bh#. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe id'A oZp tb'Ajh fgnko, w[jZps s/ d';sh d/ foFs/ pDd/ jB sK d[ZX dh EK bZ;h Bkbth ;o iKdk j?. fco fJ; jkbs ftu jh @fwZsok dh b{D dh vbh, s{zfwFoh pokpo ikDh# dk nfj;k; gqgZe j[zdk j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ firo w[okdkpkdh B/ sK fgnko-w[jZps dh fBZitkd

300

s'A b? e/ ;wkitkd sZe ns/ T[; s'A th nZr/ ;z;ko gZXo #s/ gfoGkFk s/;hwk fBoXkfos eo fdsh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ FkfJo dk efjDk j? fe

fJe b\}/-w[jZps ek ndBk ;k \;kBk j?f;wN/ s' fdb/-nkfFe c?b/ s' }wkBk j?.

]?o! fJj rZbK sK fgnko, t\k s/ nfj;k;K dhnK jB. go n;hArZb T[; f;nk;h wkj"b s/ gqtk;hnK dh eo oj/ jK, fiE/ fe fgnko Bkb'Afsikos dh gqXkBsk j' u[eh j?. ;' j[D f;nk;h gkoNhnK yk; eoe/ u'DKd"okB gqtk;h thoK d/ w;fbnK Bz{ BfimD bJh u"eBhnK j'JhnK fcodhnKjB. fJ; tk;s/ yk; eoe/ fJb?eFBK d/ ;w/A ftu @s[jkvh fwb/ iK Bkfwb/, go ;kvk pDdk fJe ED u'n fdT[# d/ nykD nB[;ko s[;hAnkgDhnK d[y sebhcK G[b e/ f;nk;h s"o #s/ ;kvh g?;/-X/b/ s/ t'NK okjhAwdd eo'. s[jkvk fJj fJe jzGbk jh ;kv/ bJh gzi ;kb tk;s/ d[X-bZ;hdk i[rkV eo ;edk j?. fJ; tk;s/ jkb dh xVh sK n?sehA u'DK ftusK ;kB{z @wkfJnk wkJh# dh fgSbhnK u'DK Bkb'A th fes/ tZX b'V j?. fJ;tk;s/ s[;hA th ;kvhnK p/nzs b'VK B{z w[Zy oZyd/ j'J/ @doFBh E?bh G/AN#eoBh Bk G[ZfbU.

fco gqtk;h tho th f;nk;h pzfdnK Bz{ wkfJnk dhnK tZvhnK-tZvhnKE?bhnK s/ p'o/ G/AN eoB tk;s/ tjhoK xZs e/ gzikp ftu nk oj/ jB. god'B'A gkf;T[A @r[o{ u/bk bkbuh s/ d't/A y/vD dkn# tkbh y/v pDh j'Jh j?. yk;s"o #s/ pkjo rJ/ gzikph tho j[D sZe ;kvh d'rbh s/ d[tZbh f;nk;s s/;kvh Bhns Bz{ pky{ph ;wMD br gJ/ jB. go fco th gqtk;h thoK Bz{ j'oth u"e; s/ vo-v[Zeo ofjs j'D dh b'V j? sK fe T[BQK dh eoVh fwjBsdh ewkJh fes/ ;kv/ @Y'b-fYZvK# d/ ybQhA-y{zihA jh Bk tV ikt/.

;Zu j? fe u'DK dk fpr[b tiD #s/ gqtk;h thoK d/ iE/ tjhoK d/ o{gftu b'jk sfgnk t/y e/ nkgDhnK wzrK dh @tXkDh ;ZN# wkoB bJh gzikpftu gXko oj/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ gqtk;hnK d/ w[Zd/-w;fbnK d/ ;pzXh ;?whBkoKs/ w[bkeksK dhnK po;ksK j' ojhnK jB. ;kv/ fJe g[okD/ b'e rhs ftufJe tZvh b'e f;nkDg S[gh j'Jh j? fe @BjhUA bZGD/ bkb r[nku/ fwZNh Bkco'b i'rhnk#. ;'! fJ; nB[;ko gqtk;h ;ZiD'A! pZ; ntk}-J/-ybe ;[D' ns/fco i'rhU! p/wsbp jh y"o{ gZN e/ fwZNh Bk co'b'.

301

fco f;o/ dh yoQh-gZeh rZb sK fJj j? fe n;hA sK nkgD/ nkg Bz{th ;Zu/ BjhA jK ns/ fco n;hA sK nkgD/ r[o{ Bz{ th ;Zu/ BjhA jK. fcos[;hA nkg jh ;'u' fe s[jkv/ bJh n;hA fet/A ;Zu-g[Zso pD ;ed/ jK. fJ;tk;s/ s[;hA ftnoE jh @p/r[fonK s'A r[o{# Bk Gkb'. fJ; ;{os/-jkb ftup; s[;hA ;kE'A e[ZM Bk Gkb' s/ Bk jh ;kE'A e'Jh pj[sk wzrD-fgzBD eo'.}whBh ;ZukJh sK fJj j? fe ;kE'A e'Jh pj[shnK tZvhnK nk;K-T[whdK jhBk oZy'. go jK, i/ s[;hA s[jkvhnK nkgDhnK Xoksbh wip{ohnK eoe/;kv/ Bkb fJe sock fgnko oZyDk s/ o;w/-t\k g[rkT[[Dh j? sK pZ; ;kB{znkgDh eoVh fwjBs dh ewkJh dk d;tzX nkT[Ad/-iKd/ d/Jh uZfbT[.

p; fJT[A ;kvh @b/g' ih# tkbh s/ s[jkvh @d/g' ih# tkbh fbjk} thfBGdh oj/rh ns/ ;kvk-s[jkvk ;G dk oKMk th ok}h oj/rk. ]?o fJT[Afij/ pD u[Ze/ skD/-pkfDnK s/ bkfDnk ftu nodk;-p/Bsh jh eo ;ed/jK fe pZ; oZp jh ;kvhnK BhnsK s/ BhshnK dk fBrkjpkB Eht/.

g?BFBykoK d/ nX'rsh w;b/L-

fJ; ;zdoG ftu p/FZe ni'eh nc;oFkjh B{z g?BFByko pDB see'Jh fJi/jh nkofEe ;wf;nk BjhA j[zdh fi; dk fe X[yd/ w;fbnK ftuF[wko ehsk ik ;e/. ;r'A fJ; gy'A sK ;/tkoZs nc;o sK eh ;r'A ;/tkw[es nfXekoh th nkgDh yZNh-ewkJh ;dek ;"y/ s/ ;fjzd/ wzB iKd/ jBns/ S'NhnK w'NhnK xo/b{ noEuko/ dhnK ;wf;nktK s'A ;[oy[o{ jz[d/ jB.go ;wkfie s/ yk; eoe/ wkBf;e s"o #s/ fJj ;/tk w[es nfXekohfe;/ Bk fe;/ fBih T[bMD dk fFeko j[zd/ jB. fJzBQK dk thFohek-ephbk foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd fJzBQK Bkb p/wsbp fijk ;kVQkjZ;d oZydk j?. nc;oK d/ nkgD/ jh ;Ze/ Gok-GkJh ne;o jh JhoyktZ; nkgDhnK g[okDhnK feVQK eYe/ nkgDk oKMk ok}h eod/ ofjzd/ jB.fe;/ FkfJo B/ fJ; tk;s/ jh fejk j? feL-

fiB }whB'A e/ epkb/, E/ fwo/ g[oy'A e/ BkwT[B }whB'A go w/o/, ihB/ e/ bkb/ gV rJ/

y?o! i/ foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd g?BFBykoK d/ fe;/ w;b/ Bz{ X[yd/w;fbnK ftu F[wko ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j? sK T[j ;wki dh g?BFBo}gqsh p/o[yh, p/edoh s/ pd;b{eh tkbk otJhnk j?. phs/ ebQ se sK fJj

302

g?BFB:kcsk b'e @jtk d/ x'V/# #s/ uV/Q je{ws d/ BF/ ftu s[o/ fcod/;B. T[d'A fJj @NNhNoQh d/ n;wkB EzwD# tKr{ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ fJT[A;wMd/ ;B fe fit/A gqFk;B fJBQK fpBK ub jh BjhA ;h ;edk. fJjne;o ;'ud/ ;B fe fJBQK fpBK b'e :shw j' ikDr/ ns/ gqFk;fBeftt;Ek fJBQK y[D'A ftXtk j' ikJ/rh. y?o! id'A fJj ;ZiD g?BFB #s/ xonkT[Ad/ jB sK T[d'A sZe fJBQK tk;s/ d[BhnK pdb u[Zeh j[zdh j?. fiE/ ed/gqFk;B ftu fJBQK d/ Bkw dk f;Zek ubdk ;h, T[E/ jh fJBQK B{z nkgDhgSkD nkgD/ w{zj'A jh dZ;D dh b'V g? iKdh j?. T[od{ d/ FkfJo J/ik}dk fJj fFno fpBK p'fbnK jh ;koh ejkDh efj iKdk j?.

}wkBk Ek jw ngB/ Bkw ek f;Zek ubks/ E/go np gfjukB e/ ekr} fdykB/ gV oj/ j?A

j[D ubd/-ubd/ gzikp ftu ;oft; d/ d"okB nZX/ e[ gqtk;h pD u[e/g?BFByko bkD/-xokD/ dh d[orsh dh rZb th eo bJhJ/. fJ; soQK fJegk;/ ;/tk w[es nfXekohnK dh ;oeko/-dopko/ sK gZ[S-gqshs xN jh iKdhj?, ;r'A xo ftu th ne;o jh nkgDhnK iBkph tfjtsK eoe/ @whnK-wko#j[zdh ofjzdh j?. nkw s"o #s/ nc;o nkgDh ;oft; d/ gfjo/ ftu sK skesdh y[wkoh ftu fe;/ B{z f;nkDd/-r"bd/ jh BjhAl ;r'A T[d'A fJBQK dh ihtB-F?bh @bzvk fuZVQk gjkVK dk ;kEh# d/ nykD tKr{z j[zdh j?. go fJj nc;onkgD/ ftu e[ZM e[ Fy;hnsh r[DK dh nDj'Ad s/ pj[sk ;oft; d"okB fJeZm/ehs/ n"r[DK dh Gowko d/ ekoB @p[ZYk u'o w;hshA p'b/# nB[;ko foNkfJow?ANs'A pknd r[zwBkwh ftu r[nku iKd/ jB.

fJ; soQK w?A th ;kb e[ sK sob'-wZSh j'fJnk fojk feT[Afe w?A;wMdk ;h fe eZbQ sZe sK w/o/ ftu b'e ;/tk bJh ssgosk s/ ;woEk;h, go nZi feT[A ;oeko B/ n?t/A-e?t/A fij/ T[wo dk ofi;No d/y e/w/oh ;w/A s'A ubh nk ojh b'e ;/tk s'A w?B{z Bftfos eo fdZsk j?. ]?o!Gbk j'fJnk fe w?A fco S/sh jh b/yD-ebk Bkb i[V frnk s/ wB B{z e[ZMu?B fijk nkfJnk, go j[D sK r[o{ feogk Bkb fJ; nwB-u?B dk ;e{Bj'o th tZX frnk j? feT[Afe id'A w?A w"e/ dhnK ;oekoK tb'A nc;oK dhyikbs s/ Xo-geV j[zdh d/yh sK w?B{z T[d'A ;wM nkJh fe t/d-rqzEK d/frnksk feT[A efjzd/ jB fe @oZp i' eodk j? Gbk jh eodk j?#.

303

;kv/ ;hBhno efjzd/ j[zd/ ;B fe T[BQK d/ ;w/A pV/ Gb/ jz[d/ ;B, goj[D sK ;Zuw[Zu jh ubzs jkbksK nB[;ko sK ;kv/ phs/ t/b/ sK j'o th Gb/;kfps j'J/ jB. ]?o! j[D T[u nfXekohnK dk rbs ezw eokT[D tk;s/fit/A ;oekoK B/ ekchnk szr ehsk j'fJnk j?. T[; nB[;ko sK fJjikgdk j? fe Gbk j'fJnk fe @w/ok uoyk N[ZNk fizd nikp'A S[ZNh#. p; i/nc;o b'e nkgD/ fybkc fe;/ fJBe[nkoh s'A fpBK g{oh g?BFB b? e/ xonk ikD sK T[BQK Bz{ r[opkDh d/ c[owkD nB[;ko @@fwfb e[;b ;/shxfo nkJ/## nkT[D #s/ nekb g[oy dk e'NB-e'fN F[eokBk eoBkukjhdk j?. d{i/ gk;/ FowBke rZb fJj j? fe ;/tk w[es j'D #s/ ;oft;g/Fk b'eK gqsh nZi eb d/ GkJhuko/ dk tos-toshok p/r?os, e[oZys s/Yhmg[D/ tkbk j' frnk j?. dhge i?s'Jh B/ ni dh fJ; ;wkfie ;fEshpko/ pj[s jh Y[et/A FpdK ftu fejk j? feL

ndp-n]bke-;ziwl ]{phnK fJj ;B w[jZps ftufJj fszB/ ]{phnKl B\os d/ jZE'A wkohnK rJhnK

id'A e'Jh eowukoh s/ nfXekoh foNkfJo jz[d/ jB sK ebQ se d/ro}K d/ wko/ Gok-Gshi/ T[BQK dh ;oft; d/ d"okB sK T[BQK B{z @nZpk-nZp{#efjzd/ fcod/ jB. T[d'A T[j nc;o th nkgD/ gfotkoK B{z nkgDkwddrko s/ ;jkJh ;wM e/ j";b/ Bkb ;wki ftu ftuodk j?. go pkdftu foNkfJo j'J/ nkgD/ GoktK Bz{ @ub/ ekos{;# ;wMD br g?Ad/ jB.fco nkgD/ nc;o GoktK d/ bzw/ ;w/A d/ nfj;kBK Bz{ G[b e/ fgzvK ftuofjzd/ Gok nkgD/ jb j/m'A nkgD/ nc;o Gok dh g?bh fBeb ikD d/o';-o'f;nK d/ ekoB nkgD/ jh GkJhnK dh o/b pDk fdzd/ jB. fJ; ;{osftu e";o w}joh dk fJj fFno j{-p-j{ ;Zu j[zdk ikgdk j? feL-

yVQk j? jkE w/A gZEo bhJ/ t'j po;'A ;/eGh s' G{b e/ d[FwB fJXo ;/ r[}o/rk

fJ; soQK iBkpK B{z pkd ftu ;wM nkT[Adh j? fe rkfbpB fJj ;ko/fdykt/ d/ foFs/ s/ ftykb/ wkso ehs/ y/yD-Yetzi b'VK-E[VK s/ ro}K#s/ jh nXkfos ;B. foNkfJow?AN t/b/ ;koh T[wo dk dfpnk-dpkfJnkT[; dk Fohek fpBK wsbp fij/ jh T[Go g?Adk j?. fco ;kfep byBthd/ fJ; pj[s jh gquZfbs fFno d/ wsbp pzd/ B{z ;wM nkT[Ad/ jB feL-

304

pkrpK B/ nkr dh ip nkfFnkB/ e' w/o/fiB g/ sehnk Ek tjh gZs/ jtk d/B/ br/

y?o! fJ; ;zdoG ftu ne;o f}zdrh ftu fJj th j[zdk j? fe s[;hAe'Jh pj[sk wkVk ezw th BjhA eod/, go s[jkBz{ fco th e'Jh op'A jh e'Jh;}k fwb iKdh j?. d{i/ gk;/ fijV/ b'e nZfs d/ wkV/ eow eod/ jB, gofco th T[j cbd/-c[bd/ fd;d/ jB. e[dos d/ fJ; fB}kw d/ nfij/tosko/ pko/ ;zsK-wjkswK dk fJe dkoFfBe B}ohnk fJj j? fe eJhtko uzr/ pzfdnK d/ fgSb/ iBwK d/ jh G?V/ ;z;eko s/ wkV/ eow T[xVnkT[Ad/ jB fe T[j e'Jh ;}k G[rsd/ jB. go d{i/ gk;/ e[M wkV/ pzd/nfij/ th jz[d/ jB fiBQK pko/ fejk iKdk j? fe T[BQK B/ e'Jh w'sh g[zB eoBtor/ uzr/ eow ehs/ j[zd/ jB fe T[j w"i-w/b/ s/ yow;shnK eoB d/pkti{d th gqc[bZs j[zd/ fd;d/ jB.

go fBo;zd/j fJ; oZph b/y/-i'y/ ;pzXh ;kv/ foFh w[Bh s/ r[o{ ;gFNfBoDk eod/ jB fe fJj wkV/ pzd/ nkfyo Bz{ nkgDk jh eowK dk p?Aep?b?A; ysw eoe/ eow-fe;ws d/ gy'A y[zrb s/ dhtkbhJ/ j' iKd/ jB.fJ; tk;s/ jh wjkswk p[X th wB[yh ihtB d/ fJ; ;ko/ xNBkeqw Bz{@iBw-iBwKsoK dk G[rskB# efjzdk j?.

p/FZe d[BhnK dkoh ftu d/yD B{z sK ;Zu/ ;{bh uVQd/ fd;d/ jB s/ M{m/w"iK wBkT[Ad/ fcod/ jB. go e[dos dk fJj th nNbkXk fB:w j? fefJbkjh pyfFFK tkb/ pzd/ nwo j' iKd/ jB s/ T[BQK dk Bkw ofjzdhd[BhnK sZe ofjzdk j?, go d{i/ gk;/ F?skB d/ GowkJ/ pzfdnK d/ BK T[BQKd/ g'fsnK dh ghVQh sZe th BjhA ubd/. fJj jh ekoB j? fJbkjh g[oyKd/ dfo-xoK ftu wkBtsk f;id/ eodh Bsw;se j[zdh j? s/ d{ih so\nkgD/ nkg Bz{ fe;/ ;w/A XkeV s/ BkY{ yK ejkT[D tkfbnK dh epo #s/e'Jh dhtk-pZsh th BjhA eodk. p/FZe f}zdrh dk :EkoE sK fJj j? fetesh s"o #s/ sK ikpoK s/ BkpoK B{z coFh ;bkwK j'JhnK jB, god[BhnK B/ f;ezdoK, FkjijkBK s/ Fkj-nkbwK dh ed/ g{ik BjhA ehsh.fJ; ;zdoG ftu nZi th pkdFkj ijKrho dh gsBh wfbek-J/-nkbwB{oijK d/ w}ko #s/ n"ozr}/p dh p/Nh ijkBnkok dk pj[s jh ;ZukJhGog{o fFno fbfynk fwbdk j?.

305

po w}kfo wk rohpK B? uokr/ B? r[b/B? gfo gotkBk ;'}d, B? ;dkJ/ p[bp[b/

fi; dk Gkt fJj j? fe rohpK d/ w}ko #s/ Bk dhtk irdk j?, Bkc[Zb fyVd/ jB, Bk e'Jh gqtkBk nkT[Adk j? ns/ Bk jh p[bp[b e'Jh rhsrkT[Adh j?.

pZ; Gokt'! u{B/ ftu bZrh fJZN torh gZeh rZb fJj j? fe id'A pzdkoZp ns/ oZp'A fwbh nkgDh n"eks B{z G[Zb e/ f}zdrh ftu fijVhnK rzYKnkgD/ jZEK Bkb gkT[Adk j?l T[j rzYK jh dzdK Bkb y'bQDhnK g?AdhnK jB.c/o j'o pzfdnK dk sK gsk BjhA, go jwksV nc;oK d/ sK T[d'A sZe dzdKdh EK v?Auo jh bZr iKd/ jBl fJ; tk;s/ fco fguehnK rzYK fet/Ay[ZbQD< ;' fJ; bJh d';s'! wzBD-;wMD dh b'V j? fe b'e ;/tk dhpyfFF Bkb gqwkswk B/ ;kB{z gfjbK jh ;oFko s/ wkbkwkb eo fdZskj?. fJ; bJh fJE/ fe;/ ;[yBto dk fJj eEB j[D ftukoB :'r j? fe

;koh T[wo r[}ko dh y[dk eh sbkF w/AngBh Bk eh sbkF, p; :/ G{b j' rJh

fJ; bJh ;kB{z ;G B{z Nh;h d/ p/o torh nyhob/ g"V/ dh ;ZukJhnB[;ko fJbkjh ofjws s/ oZp dh o}k B{z ;wMd/ j'J/ nkgDh n"eks B{zikBD s/ gSkDB dh b'V j?. fJ; bJh d[BhnKdko pzfdnK dh p/wsbpfijh y[Fkwd eoB s/ fco d[BhnK dh ukgb{;h s'A nkgD/ nkg B{z pukT[Ddh j'o th f}nkdk }o{os j?. fJ; dk f;ZXk fijk wsbp fJj j? fe BknkgDh y[Fkwd s/ ukgb{;h b'eK s'A eotkU s/ Bk jh nkg ;wki d/ XkeVu"XohnK dh p/noE FkBh Go'. ;' d';s'! fJ; tk;s/ w[jzwd fJepkb d/;[yBh ;pe nB[;ko nkgD/ wkD-;t?wkD B{z gSkD' s/ nkgDh y[dh s/y[ddkoh B{z ekfJw-dkfJw oZy'.

w/ok sohe nwhoh BjhA \ehoh j?][dh Bk p/u raohph w/A Bkw g?dk eo

fJ; bJh fwZso' i/ xo ftu E'VQh-pj[sh szrh-s[oFh th j? sK fcoth rohph ftu jh ;po-;zs'y s/ f;Zde d[nkok Bkw g?dk eo'. s[jkvh s/w/oh fJ; d[BhnK dh B"eoFkjh ftu ;/tk gfjbK j? s/ Fkjh mkm-pkm dh

306

rZb pknd ftu nkT[Adh j?. fJ; tk;s/ jh f;nk;h b'eK Bkb'A gqFk;ehb'eK dh ;'uDh s/ ezw eoB d/ nzdk} ftu pj[s tZvk coe j[zdk j?.p/FZe mkm-pkm dh y/v y/vd/ ne;o jh tZv/-tZv/ nc;o o[;tk j[zd/ jB.fJE'A sZe fe T[BQK d/ eJh tko b'eK gqsh pV/ tXhnk i}pks thp/n;{b b'eK d/ XZe/ uVQ e/ tb{zXo/ iKd/ jB. fco fJj nc;o fe;/ N[ZN/fdb nkfFe tKr{z @ejK fdB-oks w/o/l pj[s o[;tk j{J/ j?A :jK i}pksw/o/# d/ o'D/ o'Ad/ ofjzd/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ ;w[Zu/ eowukoh tor B{z ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe p/FZenc;oFkjh s/ f;nk;h b'eK dh nkdoF wzf}b sK b'e ;/tk jh j?, gowzf}b d/ okj/-ok;s s/ o;w'-okj dk nkg; ftu pVk tZvk coe j?. fJ;bJh ;w[Zu/ eowukoh tor B{z nkgDh b'e ;/tk dh gqzgok s/ dcsoh d;s{oB{z SZv e/ okiBhsh dh p/Yzrh ukb s/ p/d;s{o/ ezw eoB dh EK pZ; fJj;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe d' tZy'-tZyohnK f;ws-;hwktK ed/ BjhAfwbdhnK. rhseko nBzd pyFh B/ fJ; tk;s/ jh fejk j? feL-

eGh wrfop ;/ wFfoe fwbk j?, i' fwb/rkijK ek c{b j?, t' tjhA fyb/rk

fJ; gqEkfJ ni nc;oK dk f;nk;s ftu tXdk o[MkB t/y e/ fejkik ;edk j? fe f;nk;s eoB d/ ukjswzd fijV/ nc;o fJb?eFBKbVd/ jB, T[BQK B{z nkgDh n"eks pko/ ne;o jh r[wkB s/ tZvk G[b/ykj[zdk j? fe T[j b'eK ftu pV/ jowB fgnko/ oj/ jB. id'A fe }whBhjehes fJj j[zdh j? fe ;oft; d"okB b'Vtzd b'e nkgDh ro} eoe/fJBQK dh y[Fkwd s/ ukgb{;h eod/ jB, go id'A fJj f;nk;h w?dkB ftue[Zdd/ jB sK f;nk;h Fohe s/ fto'Xh fJBQK dh wkVh-w'Nh pDh fJZ}s dkth epkVk eo fdzd/ jB. nzs B{z po;ksh vZv{nK tKr fJb?eFBK d/ ;w/A g?dk j'J/ fJj nc;o id'A fJb?eFBK ftu jkod/ jB sK fJBQK dh jkbswbe}kdk wz}{o nfjwd fJT[A fpnkB eodk j?L-

fiB ;\hB' B/ eGh s'Vk Ek w"i'A ek rao{oT[; irQk v{p/ ijK dfonk w/A s[frnkBh Bk Eh

fco fJb?eFB bVB ;w/A fJBQK dhnK w[FfebK j'o th tZX iKdhnKjB ns/ fJj F'jos d/ gZy'A nkgDk ckb{dk fijk eotk e/ ;wkfie gy'A

307

y[zrb j' iKd/ jB. fijVhnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK fJBQK B{z tfvnk-c[zvk e/okiBhsh dh dbdb ftu c;kT[AdhnK jB, T[j th fJBQK dk ;kE SZvfdzdhnK jB. fco ;oft; t/b/ fijV/ b'e fJBQK d/ nro-wro fcod/jB, T[j th fJBQK s'A w{zj c/o b?Ad/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJ fJBQK dh jkbs pko/FkfJo pFho pdo dk efjDk j?L-

;kfjb g/ fesB/ b'r w/o/ ;kE E/s{\K eh }d w/A nkfJnk s' fsBek BjhA fwbk

dfonktK tKr{z f;nk;s fJj BjhA d/ydh fe e"D v[Zfpnk s/ e"Dsfonk j?. pZ; f;nk;s sK @ubsh ek Bkw jh rkVh j?#, go j[D s"yb/tkbh rZb fJj th j? fe f;nk;s j[D rzXbh j' u[eh j?, fi; eoe/ ;kv/f;nk;sdkB f;nk;s B{z ;wki ;/tk dh EK f;oc o[sp/-w[oksfpnK dhnKg"VhnK wzB e/ XzB d"bs d/ nzpko fJeZm/ eoB dk ;kXB ;wMD bZr gJ/jB. fJ; ;{os/-jkb ftu fezBk jh uzrk j't/ fe i/ ;kv/ b'e s/ yk; eoe/;/tkw[es nc;o nkgD/ b'eK ftu nfXekoK d/ Bkb-Bkb nkgD/ co}Kpko/ u/szBsk g?dk eo ;eD. fco yk; s"o #s/ fJb?eFBK ;w/A sK nfijhjVQK torh b'e bfjo g?dk eoB dh b'V j? fe fi; Bkb ;kv/ f;nk;hnkr{nK B{z G[ZbhnK-ft;ohnK b'e ;/tk dhnK ;jh edoK-ehwsK fdB-oksu/s/ nkT[AdhnK ofjD. fco fe nc;oFkjh Bz{ th fJj fXnkB oyD dhb'V j? fe b'e ;/tk dh w'jbs s/ ;woEk gqwkswk fe;/ GkrK tkfbnK Bz{jh fdzdk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ fJj T[Zusw ;/tk eod/ j'J/ ed/ th BjhA G[bDk ukjhdkfe n;hA ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA b'ekJh d/ B"eo jK s/ edkfus th oki/ BjhA jK. fJjth }whBh jehes j? fe foNkfJow?AN s'A pkd seohpB nc;oK dkGkJhukok jho' s'A }ho' j' iKdk j?. nfijh ;[nkoEh s/ foFtsy'onc;oFkjh dk e"Vh fBzw tork ;jh noEK ftu :EkoE sK fJBK jh j?fe b'e efjzd/ jB fe id'A EkD/dko ;kfjp dk e[Zsk wodk j? sK ;kokFfjo o'D nkT[Adk j?, go id'A EkD/dko ih wod/ jB sK T[BQK bJh w[jZb/dk e[Zsk th G"AeD BjhA nkT[Adk.

fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ ;wki dk fJe j'o wkVk uZbD fJj j? fe id'A e'Jhpzdk ;oft; ftu iK je{ws ftu j[zdk j? sK b'e y[Fkwd d/ wko/ @rX/ B{z

308

gfjbtkB# pBkT[D dh ykfso T[; dhnK skohcK eod/ ofjzd/ jB. go;oft; iK f;nk;s s'A pknd i/ e'Jh pzdk gfjbtkB th j't/ sK T[; Bkbe'Jh g[okDk fjoy eZYD tk;s/ T[; Bz{ rXk efjD'A BjhA Nbd/.

y?o! nyho ftu fJj B"eoFkjh foNkfJow?AN s'A pkd e[M fuo tk;s/@eNh gszr# tKr{z fvZe-v'b/ yKdh ofjzdh j?. ;oft; d/ d"okB fijV/jwksV r?; d/ r[pko/ tKr{z nekFK #s/ T[vd/ fcod/ ;B, T[j j[D iBkphdh c{e fBebD s'A pknd fes/ d{o fe;/ iZN d/ tkjD ftu ik fvZrd/ jB.fco fit/A iZN G[ekB/ ftu wkVh-w'Nh c{e-r?; Go e/ fBnkfDnK B{ztoukT[D bJh xo b? nkT[Adk j?l fpbe[b T[; soQK jh nc;o th;oekoK s'A ohfJzgbkfJw?AN b? e/ tou-touk iKd/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh ed/ e'Jh g[okDk edodkB XBkY fwZso fJBQK B{z nkgD/ fe;/ndko/ ftu B"eoh d/ e/ fJBQK ftu wkV/-w'N/ ;kj-;Zs gk fdzdk j?. fJT[A fcotv/ b'e fJzBQK B{z fe;/ gfotkoe gqhsh-G'iB s/ G'i-GzvkfonK #s/ iK fcoftnkj-Fkdh d/ ;w/A #s/ n?ANhe gh; Gkt gqkuhB ebkfeqsh tKrz{ b'eK Bz{fdykT[D d/ pjkB/ nkgD/ xo p[bk b?Ad/ jB. fco fJj iBkp @jZE g[okD/y"A;V/ p;zs/ j'ohA nkJ/# d/ nykD nB[;ko v?AfNzr-g?AfNzr eoe/ @N"jo g[okDhs/ T[ZyVh ukb# ubd/ j'J/ xo-xo nbZy irkT[Ad/ fcod/ jB.

fco feZ;k w[ys;o fJj fe nc;oK B{z ;wK ftjkT[D s'A pknd jh;wM nkT[Adh j? fe j[D }wkBk pdb u[ek j?. fJ; tk;s/ j[D fJBQK@Bebh ebrhnK tkb/ iBkpK# dh b'eK B/ sK edo eh eoBh ;h, ;r'A j[DsK nkgD/ pkb-pZu/ th fJBQK B{z g[okD/ coBhuo tKr{z tkX{ ;wMd/ jB.d[BhnKdkoh ftu fes/-fes/ pdfe;wsh Bkb fJj th GkDk tos fojk j?fe B{z tkX{ coBhuo epkVhnk B{z d/D tKrz{ p[ZY/ wK-pkg B{z th xo-gfotko tkb/ fpoX nkFowK ftu SZv nkT[Ad/ jB.

;kvk ;wki fJBQK B{z gZSwh ;fGnsk dh d/yk-d/yh ;hBhno f;Nh}BsK efjzdk j?, go nwbh s"o #s/ fJ; dk wsbp p"v/-YZr/ iK uZb/ ekos{;jh j[zdk j?. fe;/ ;w/A nc;oK dh ewkT{-ewKdo{ j'D ti'A edo j[zdh j?,go id'A ;oekoK fJBQK Bz{ p[Y/ pbd ;wM e/ fJBQK dk oZ;k nkgD/ feZb/Bkb'A y'b fdzdhnK jBl sK fJBQK dh pdfe;wsh Bz{ gfotko tkb/ th fJBQKdk rb'A-rbktK bkj fdzd/ jB. fco fJBQK d/ bzw/ ;w/A d/ tXhnk siop/

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s'A ;oeko B/ sK e'Jh tZvw[Zbh okJ/ eh b?Dh ;h, ;r'A xo tkb/ th fJBQKdh ny"sh f;nkDg dh ne;o jh S's bkj[zd/ ofjzd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ jhfejk iKdk j? fe nfij/ pzd/ ;wK g? e/ X'ph d/ e[Zs/ tKrz{ Bk xo d/ s/ Bkjh xkN d/ ofjzd/ jB.

}kfjo j? fe nc;o b'e gfjbK ;oft; d"okB nkgD/ NZpo dh sbQh#s/ g{oh sBykj Xo e/ f;oc 8-10 xzN/ jh gfotko Bz{ fdzd/ ;B. goj[D fJj NZpo B{z nZXh sBykj d/ e/ ;ko/ gfotko Bz{ g{o/ 24 xzN/ szreod/ ofjzd/ jB. fJBQK iBkpK dh xo ftu fJj @nc;oh u"Xo# ftykT[Dtkbh eos{s fe;/ B{z th wB}{o BjhA j[zdh. fJ; bJh iBkph d/ gZN/ fJj@ftuko/# nkgD/ tor/ j'o p"fvnK Bkb ebZp fijh pDk e/ d[gfjo/-FkwgkoeK ftu skF e[Nd/ ofjzd/ jB s/ iK nkgD/ jh NZpoK-NhoK dh pdy'Jheod/ ofjzd/ jB.

e[ZM e[ nkbQk nc;o iBkph dh g[okDh F{z-c?A s/ p{n ftu ;ZE-go/ftu ikD s'A ezBh esokT[Ad/ jB. nfij/ nc;o f;Nh gkoeK dhnKbkfJpq/ohnK ftu ;wK gk; eoB bJh nypkoK gVQB-uZND s[o g?Ad/ jB.]?o! T[E/ p?m/ th fJj nkgDh j'Jh-phsh nc;oh B{z ftykt/ wkso g[Bo;[oihs eoe/ gkmeK B{z x{ohnK tZNd/ j'J/ u[Zg ofjD iK j"bh p'bD bJhefj oj/ j[zd/ jB, go fJj Gb/wkD; xZN jh ;'ud/ jB fe b'eK B{z u[ZgeotkT[D tk;s/ fJj nkg pj[sh o"bh gk oj/ j[zd/ jB.

fco pj[s E'V/ nc;o ;kfjs s/ b/y-b/yDh tZb w{zj eod/ jB. fJ;soQK fco fJj nkgDk ;wK pj[s jh ;ekoksfwe sohe/ Bkb bzxkT[D dkYzrk-czrk eo b?Ad/ jB ns/ ne;o jh fJj ;kfjse ;wkrwK s/ eth ;zw/bBK dh @gqXkBrh dh fFzrko e[o;h# dh fcoke ftu ofjzd/ jB. ]?o!fit/A fe t/dK rqzEK ftu fbfynk j? fe @sg'A oki s/ oki'A Boe# fwbdkj?, pZ; mhe fJT[A jh fJzBQK pzfdnK B{z oZp fiT[Ad/ ihn jh sg'A oki s/ fcooki s'A Boe d/ ibt/ wkso B}ko/ fdyk fdzdk j?.

foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd @iBkp nc;oK# B{z ;[orK torh nc;ohwkDB s'A pknd d[BhnKdkoh fBGkT[D bJh id'A okFB dh bkJhB ftubZrDk g?Adk j? sK fco T[BQK B{z nkgD/ ihtB dh ;jh ;'Mh g?Adh j?. ed/fJj g?BFB dcso dh bkJhB ftu yVQ/ j[zd/ jB s/ed/ nkgD/ xo/b{

310

w;fbnK d/ wko/ nkgD/ fe;/ ;w/A nXhB ofj u[e/ nfXekohnK d/ dcsoKftu pfj;-w[pkfj;/ eo oj/ j[zd/ jB.

w?A ne;o j?okB j[zdk jK fe tkfenk jh fJBQK d/ ;kjwD/ e'Jh w;bkj[zdk j? iK fJj fe;/ dcso ftu jk}oh bkT[D dk e'Jh G[Z; jh g{ok eod/jB. fco fJ; soQK nc;oK B{z @d/o nkJ/, do[;s nkJ/# dh f;nkDgnB[;ko @fJFe B/ rkfbp fBezwk eo dhnk toBk jw Gh nkdwh E/ ekwe/# torh ;ZukJh dk nfj;k; j[zdk j? fe T[j ;koh T[wo @;o# sK pD/oj/, go fJzBQK B/ uzr/ fJB;kB sK eh pDBk ;hl ;r'A fJj nkw pzfdnKtor/ pzd/ th BjhA pD ;e/.

w[Zedh rZb sK fJj j? fe fijV/ iBkp ;koh ;oft; d"okB d[fBnkthN"jo s/ wknoe/ wkoB ;dek fBZs nypkoK dhnK ;[oyhnK pDd/ ;Bl T[jj[D nb'g jh j' iKd/ jB. nfijhnK nB/eK jh T[dkjoDK jB fe id'Apj[s ;ko/ efjzd/-ejkT[Ad/ czB/-yK nc;o foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd gfjbKsK ibktsBh torh r[zwBkwh ftu ofjzd/ jB s/ fco fJe fdB nukBejh @@r[ow[fy iBw ;tkfo dorfj ufbnk, ;uh dorfj ikfJ ;uk fgVwZfbnk@ torh ]po Bkb FoXKibh ekbw ftu jh fd;d/ jB.

]?o! nc;oK tb'A f;nk;s ftu g?o XoB d/ fJ; gq;zr ftu jkb/th i/ eowukoh tor tkfenk jh ;wki ;/tk eoBh ukj[zdk j? sK @fi;ek ekw T[;h e' ;ki/# dh f;nkDg nB[;ko okiBhsh p; f;nk;h pzfdnKbJh SZv d/D s/ nkg ;wki;/th ;z;EktK ftu Fkwb j' e/ b'eK dhnrtkJh s/ GbkJh eoB. BjhA sK, wkD-w[oksfpnK s/ M{mh FkB d/p/wsbp nvzpoK d/ gZy'A @j'o goQ/ j'o# fijhnK fJZSktK s/ bkb;ktK dksK ;kvh f}zdrh ftu e'Jh nzs jh BjhA j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj th fJe jehes j? fe oZp d/ pyF/ j'J/ pzd/f}zdrh ftu ;wki ;/tk s/ b'e GbkJh fjZs pj[s e[ZM uzrk th eo iKd/jB. yk; eoe/ ;oekoh ;/tk d/ d"okB fijV/ nc;oK B/ sB'A-wB'A T[XZVe/ b'e GbkJh d/ ezw ehs/ j[zd/ jB, T[BQK nfXekohnK dk foNkfJow?AN s'Ab? e/ fco ;z;ko s'A o[y;s j'D s'A pknd th Bkw s/ f;Zek f;odko eg{of;zx, vkH wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk, J/Hn?ZbH cb?uo s/ ;qH e[bdhg f;zx ftoetor/ o{j/-otK nc;oK tKr{z ubdk ofjzdk j?. p/Fe BjhA sK fezB/ jh

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;wki ;/tk eoB s'A n;woE s/ uzr/ ezwK s'A ftj{D/ pkeh jwksV-;kEh sKr[zwBkwh dk ykik jh pD iKd/ jB.

]?o! oZp brdh rZb fJj j? fe fijV/ b'e nkgD/ B/e r[DK ;dekekoie[Fbsk Bkb b'e ;/tk fBGkT[Ad/ jB, T[BQK d/ Bkw fiT{Ad/ ofjzd/ jB.fco nfij/ B/ep]s b'eK d/ ihtB s/ nc;oK dh nc;oh ftu thcZeog[D/ s/ cehoh dh Mbe fwbdh j?. ;wki d/ fe;/ th Xkofwe,;kfjse, gqFk;fBe s/ iK fe;/ th j'o y/so ftu ouBksfwe :'rdkB d/D tkb/ ;ZiDK pko/ fJ; tk;s/ jh feZ;keko jkFw dk ;[yB j?l @Bkwceho sj/Adk pkj{, epo ij/Adh iht/ j{#. fJ; tk;s/ nc;oFkjh B{z j[DfJj ;wMD dh b'V j? fe T[BQK B{z b'e ;/tk dh fijVh w'jbs s/ ;woEkfwbh j?, T[j d[fBnkth d"bsK s'A fes/ T[Zuh j?. fe;/ ftdtkB dk fJ;gqEkfJ eEB j? fe @skidkoK Bk nwhoK d/, dht/ ird/ ofjDcehoK d/#.

p; w[Zedh rb fJj j? fe fJ; tk;s/ ;w[Zuh nc;oFkjh fiT{Ad/ ihnnkgDh b'e ;/tk dh gqzgok dh FkB B{z jo jkb ekfJw oZy e/ b'e GbkJhB{z jw/FK jh gfjb d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fco fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z pkp/ BkBe d/nkd/F @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ BkBe okj gSkDfj ;/fJ# B{znkgD/ ihtB dh nXkofFbk pDkT[D dh b'V j?. Fkbk! ;kvhnK fJjnodk;K dfo-xfo gqtkB j'D.

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Fk;B-gqFk;B ftu dybnzdk}hfe;/ th frnkB-ftuko s/ rZb dk w[ZY dehnkB{;h B}ohJ/ s'A pzBQDk

tkip sK BjhA j?, go id'A e"wh gZXo #s/ egN-eb/F ;kv/ T[go Gko{ j'ikD sK fejk iKdk j? fe fgnko s/ izr ftu ;G ra?otkip s/ BkikfJ}pZ; ikfJ} jh j[zdk j?. eJh iBwiks B[eskuhB s/ f;ZX-nkb'ue th fJjefjzd/ jB fe i/ fes/ d[BhnK ftu Bhns dh EK #s/ pdBhsh s/ B/eh dhEK pdh d/ w[ekpb/ j' ikD sK n;hA M{m-co/p, Sb-egN s/ fGqFNkukodh wkbh fiZs e/ ;z;ko gZXo #s/ nkgDk Mzvk M[bk ;ed/ jK. go fJ; d/T[bN id'A fes/ ;z;ko gZXo #s/ w?foN d/ nXko #s/ okiBhfse, nkofEeftt;EktK iK fco y/vK d/ w?dkBK dh rZb j[zdh j? sK n;hA ckvh jh ofjiKd/ jK. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;k\ Bhns, nwbh ihtB iK w[ekpb/d/ w?dkB ftu ;kvh egNh s/ dzGh dkb BjhA rbdh.

]?o! j[D ;kv/ w[be ftu ;z;ko gZXo #s/ fGqFNkuko dh Mzvh fiZsDbJh fdB-oks e;os j' ojh j?. fJ; tk;s/ Nhw r/w ti'A ;KM/ s"o #s/fGqFNkuko B{z d/F ftu f;yobh jZd sZe gj[zukT[D bJh ;kv/ ;G tb'A jh;odk-pDdk :'rdkB gkfJnk ik fojk j?. fJ; ekotkJh ftu @ekb/ XBdh GkJhtkbh# nB[;ko ob fwb e/ SeD-SekT[D dh gqftosh nfsnzs;jkJh j' ojh j?. ;kv/ ;wki ftu j[D fJj okiBhfse c[owkB @fwbykJ/ yzv ykJ/, nZv ykJ/ jZv ykJ/# ubzs j?. fJ; pdBhsh dh y/v ftu;G s'A gfjbK b'VhAdhnK BhshnK-pdBhshnK B{z ;onzikw d/D bJhokiGkr ftu dybnzdk}h s/ gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek ftu f;\kfoFpk}h dhpVh nfjwhns j?.

fJ; soQK dybnzdk}h s/ f;\kfoFpk}h ;kv/ feodko ftu ou-fwuu[eh j?. ;kvh okiBhfse ftt;Ek ftu fJj fbjk}-w[bQk}/ dh fJj y/vxo gfotko s'A F[o{ j' e/ fwZsoK s/ wzsohnK sZe ub ojh j?. f;nk;hb'e rabs-mhe pZ; dpV{-x[;V{ c?;fbnK ftu ftFtk; oZyd/ jB. fJBQKdh f;ckfoF dk nXko ;kvh fJe be'esh @ukj/ iKdh jh ozvh j' ikt/,go ftnkj j'Dk ukjhdk j?# tork j[zdk j?. fJ; dk Gkt j? fe Gkt/A nZr/ik e/ nghb ftu c?;bk fJBQK d/ fto[ZX jh j' ikt/ s/ c/o Gkt/A rabs

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c?;bk eoB tkb/ nc;o d/ fybkc ;Nfoeuo Gkt u/sktBh ti'A e'JhT[bN eEB th foekov #s/ nk ikt/, go bhvo ;kfjp d/ pzd/ d/ jZe ftuc?;bk @s/oh fwb/ iK Bk fwb/, go w/o/ d' ED u'n d/j# nB[;ko j'Dkukjhdk j?.fJBQK dh f;ckfoF wfj} t'N p?Ae pN'oB dh ykso j[zdh j?.fJj b'e e'Jh go;[nkoE ti'A oZp brdk c?;bk BjhA eotkT[Ad/, ;r'AfJBQK dh ndkbsh ekotkJh ftu s/ yk; eoe/ gqFk;fBe ekotkJh ftudybnzdk}h nkgD/ fBZi s/ bkbu eoe/ j[zdh j?. BjhA sK, fJj fe;/ B{ziK sK fgzv/ dh i{z fdzd/ jh BjhA jB s/ i/ fdzd/ th jB sK fJBQK dh wohi{z th ;?AefVnK-j}koK d/ Gkn fwbdh j?.

;kv/ dcsoK s/ fJE'A sZe fe ndkbsK sZe dybnzdk}h s/ f;ckfoFpk}hfJzBh tZX rJh j? fe e'Jh th ezw f;ckfoF s/ g?;/ dybnzdk}h fpBK j[zdkjh BjhA. ;r'A nc;oFkjh fJj T[vhedh ofjzdh j? fe fe;/ gkf;UA e'Jhf;ckfoF nkt/ sK fe T[j nkgD/ f;nk;h nkr{nK d/ efjD w[skfpe c?;b/eoe/ T[BQK B{z fJj isk ;eD fe T[j T[BQK d/ fezB/ t\kdko poy[odkojB. fJ; gqEkfJ fJe Y[ZethA fw;kb fJj j? fe fe;/ t/b/ ;zrhs dhd[BhnK ftu gfjbK rhseko rhs pDkT[Adk ;h s/ fwT{f}e vkfJo?eNoT[; dh Xz[B pDkT[Adk ;h. go nZi ;wK fJj nk frnk j? fe gfjbK X[zBpDdh j? s/ fco rohp rhseko B{z j[ew j[zdk j? fe T[j T[; d/ nB[;konkgDk rhs fby/.

nZi fpbe[b fJj jkbs yk; eoe/ n?r}?efNt d/ nc;oK dh j?Gkt/A T[j ekoiekoh c?;b/ fby oj/ j'D iK ndkbsh c?;b/ fby oj/ j'D.T[BQK d/ ;kjwD/ ne;o jh g?;/ b? e/ G[rsD tkb/ M{m/ rtkj g/F ehs/ iKd/jB, fiBQK B{z fe e'oN-pov Gkt ndkbsh gzSh th fejk iKdk j?. fJjfe;/ dh rtkjh j't/ s/ fes'A dh rZb j't/, pZ; n?t/A-e?t/A @Xow Bkb# efje/ s's/ tKr{z ofNnk-oNkfJnk fpnkB ebwpzd eok fdzd/ jB. jphpjkFwh dk fJ; gqEkfJ fFno j? feL-

wfj;{; :/ j'sk j? :/ d"o/-spkjh j?FhF/ eh ndkbs w/A gZEo eh rtkjh j?

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fJBQK c?;fbnK B{z efEs @y[ZbQh ndkbs# ftu ;[DkT[Ad/ jB. fJ; soQKfJB;kc d/ ny"sh c?;fbnK T[go c[Zb uVQkT[D tk;s/ fJBQK dh fJpkosB{z b'VhAdhnK dbhbK yVQhnK eoe/ ndkbs dh w'jo Bkb wfVQnk iKdk j?.nfijh dybnzdk}h Bkb j'J/ c?;b/ ;[DB T[gozs jkohnK fXoK FkfJoFkfeo d/ FpdK ftu wB w;'; e/ fJj efjzdhnK s[o iKdhnK jB feL-

Fjkds/A w/o/ jZe w/A swkw iksh EhAwro ]kw'F E/ w[Bf;\ B}ho n?;h Eh

fco f;nk;h dybnzdk}h sK pj[s T[oQK dh rZb pD u[eh j?. ;r'A}whBh jehes sK fJj j? fe nZi ;G s'A tZX dybnzdk}h dh skes sK@wkfJnk# d/ e'b j?. ikt/d wz}o dk fJ; gq;zr ftu ;[yB j? feL-

T[Be/ f]bk\ e'Jh rtkjh Bk d/ ;ekgfjukBs/ E/ :{z s' ;Gh ekfsb'A e' b'r

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJE'A sZe th ;[DB-frDB ftu nkT[Adk j? fe c?;b/s'A gfjbK d'BK fXoK tb'A fJe r[gs fijh p'bh j[zdh j?. fi; nB[;kofJe fXo d{ih s'A tX e/ g?;k uVQkT[D dh g/FeF eodh j?. fJ; soQKc?;bk ;[DkT[D s'A gfjbK @fJB;k\ dk sok}{# T[go-EZb/ j[zdk ofjzdk j?.FkfJo jehw wz}{o fJ; ;koh ;fEsh B{z fJe j'o fFno okjhA fpnkBeodk j? feL

Ffjo e/ nkJhB w/A :/ wZd Gh fbyh ikJ/rhf}zdk ofjBk j? s' ekfsb eh f;\kfoF ukjhJ/

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d/y' s' jo fJe w'V g/ fwb ikJ/Arh bkFKY{zv'r/ s' fJ; Ffjo w/A ekfsb Bk fwb/rk

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wkb- vzro B{z gZm/ gkT[Adk j? s/ y[obhnK ftu jZE-go'b/ wkodk j?. fcoT[; B{z ;odko j'ohA rkJhAnK-wZMK B{z gkDh fgnkT[D s/ x'VhnK BjkT[D dh;/tk bkT[Ad/ jBl fco fes/ ik e/ fJj ;odko s/ f;nk;h b'e T[; ;kfJbdh f;ckfoF eod/ jB.

nZi eZbQ f;nk;h f;ckfoFpk}h dk w{b nXko iK wzst fe;/ b'Vtzds/ raohp dh wdd BjhA fojk, ;r'A fJj f;ckfoFpk}h dh y/v XV/pzdh d/ekoB gqFk;fBe ekotkJh ftu f;Xh s/ p/b'Vh dybnzdk}h dh jZd sZegj[zu rJh j?. fgzv-fgzv s/ rbh-rbh ftu f;nk;h pzd/ fJzBK t?o-fto'XewkT[D bZr gJ/ jB fe fJj nc;oFkjh ftu nkgD/ n;o-o;{y okjhAnkgD/ fto'XhnK B{z nihp'-raohp v'e/ d/ oj/ jB. nc;'; dh rZb j? fenZi d/ ;w/A ftu nc;o th nfijh rabs XV/pzdh s/ rabs ekotkJh d/pokpo d/ GkJhtkb pDd/ jB. fJj rZb tZyoh j? fe fit/A @n"b/ d/ ykX/s/ f;nkD/ d/ nky/ dk pknd ftu gsk ubdk j?# fpbe[Zb fJ; soQK jhe'Jh ;wK g? e/ tZv/-S'N/ iBkpK B{z fJj ;wM nkT[Adh j? fe nekb g[oytb'A fwbh T[BQK B{z ;wki ;/tk tk;s/ w'jbs s/ ;woEk fJ; soQK dhr[ZNpzdh ftu nikJhA jh rJh j?.

gzikph dk nykD j? fe @fe;/ B{z wKj tkdh s/ fe;/ B{z ekoh# fJ; nB[;kop/n;{b/ nfXekohnK tk;s/ sK r?o f}zw/tko pzfdnK Bkb :okBk pVk bkGekoh;kfps j[zdk j?, go f;XKstkdh nc;oK dh nfij/ nD;[ykt/A jkbksK ftujkbs pVh y;sk j[zdh j? feT[Afe T[BQK dh p/n;{b/ pzfdnK d/ jZE'A pkp j[zdhofjzdh j?. @f;nk;s dhnK fJZbQK# d/ Bkb ;pzX oZyD d/ ;zdoG ftun;{bgq;s nc;oK dh sFphj wZSh s/ wko{Eb d/ nDj'D/ fwbkg Bkb ehshik ;edh j?. pfjojkb, f;nk;h pzfdnK d/ u/b/-ugN/ s/ uwu/ nc;oKdh jkbs p/FZe j'o th pdso j[zdh j?. nyho ftu fJBQK @cZs' d/ G?V/-G?V/:koK# dh yZb th fJT[A T[XVdh j? fe fit/A wko{Eb d/ ijk} ejkT[Ad/ T{mdh ;w[zdo feBko/ ofj e/ uwVh T[XV iKdh j?.

y?o! ;oeko B{z nZi b'eK B{z okw-oki torh @r[Zv rtoB?A;# GkttXhnk gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek d/D tk;s/ ;w[Zu/ gqFk;B ftu ;'X-;[Xko eoBdh p/jZd b'V j?. yk; eoe/ j[D id'A fe f;nk;h dybnzdk}h dcsoK s/e'oN-eufjohnK d/ c?;fbnK s'A nZr/-nZr/ ubdh-tXdh j[D j'o th

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pvo{g pD u[eh j?. j[D sK jo ;oekoh c?;b/ d/ fgZS/ @s{z Bh p'bdhoekB/ s{z Bh p'bdh, s/o/ #u s/ok :ko p'bdk# fijh oki;ZsktkfbnK tb'A Bzrh fuZNh dybnzdk}h j' ojh j?.

p/FZe gfjb/ ;fwnK ftu e?o'AFkjh dh so} #s/ nc;oK dh fes/-eskJhA r[gsh-F[gsh ;zxh x[ZNh iKdh ;h, go j[D sK oki;Zsk d/ bV bZr/f;nk;h pzfdnK B/ dhdk-dkfBFsk nc;oFkjh d/ rb-#r{mk d/ oZfynkj?. w[Zy wzsoh s/ wzsoh b'e ;zgoe s/ ;zrs doFBK d/ Bkw sZe f}bQkgZXo #s/ T[so nkJ/ jB. fJj e'Jh uzrh s/ tXhnk gqFk;fBe ftt;Ekdk Bw{Bk-fBFkBh BjhA j?. ;r'A fJ; rZb dk gqsZy gqwkD j? fe ;oekoB{z nkgDh nc;oFkjh #s/ Go';k BjhA fojk, fJ; tk;s/ ][d wzsoh chbvftu ekoiekoh nc;oK dh EK fvT{NhnK fBGkT[Ad/ fco oj/ jB.

j[D id'A dcsoK ftu ;oekoh BhshnK nB[;ko b'VhAd/ Nhu/ g{o/ BjhAj[zd/ sK ezw w[fjzwK d/ o{g ftu j'Dk F[o{ j' frnk j?. fw;kb ti'A i/@Nhuo} v/n# nk frnk j? sK ;wM' ;Zs fdB nfXnkgeK dh nfjwhnsdh Y'beh tZi{rh. i/ Nq?fce o{bK Bz{ gqukoD dk jcsk nk frnk j? sK fJ;jcs/ Nq?fce tkfbnK d/ jh Y'beh-S?D/A yVed/ jB. ;' nfij/ jcsktkohgq'rokwK Bkb jh ;oeko s/ gqFk;B dk s'ok s[o fojk j?. tZv/-tZv/ t}hoS'N/-S'N/ ;wkrwK dh gqXkBrh eod/ j'J/ T[; yk; jcs/ dh nfjwhns s/bzw/-u"V/ GkFD eod/ jB. fco gqFk;fBe nfXekoh T[BQK dh g?V ftug?V oyd/ j'J/, T[; jcs/ d/ w[Zd/-w;b/ s/ nkgDh ekor[}koh pko/ xZN ns/wzsoh ih s/ ;oeko d/ r[DrkD pj[s/ eod/ jB. j[D sK ;oeko B/nkgDhnK BhshnK s/ Nhu/ g{o/ eotkT[D bJh foNkfJo nc;oK Bz{;g[oddkoh d/ nXko #s/ ezw dh ;"AgDk eoBh F[o{ eo fdZsh j?.

ir }kfjo j? fe ;kok ;kb nfij/ ;gskfjeh gq'rokw ubd/ ofjzd/jB, fit/A fe fJe jcsk dzdk dh ;ckJh, fJe jcsk nyK dh ;zGkb,fJe jcsk g'bhT[ p{zdK fgnkT[D tk;s/, fJe jcsk wkfgnK s/ fJejcsk nfXnkgeK d/ Bkw j[zdk j?. fJ; soQK j[D ;kb ftu gsk BjhA fezB/jh jcsktkoh gq'rokwK Bkb jh b'e GbkJh j' ojh j?, go fJ; ftu wkVhrZb fJj j? fe fJe jcs/ s'A pknd nrb/ jcs/ dh w[fjzw dh nkwd j'iKdh j? ns/ fco phs/ jcs/ dh rZb g[okDh j' e/ G[b-G[bk iKdh j?. fe;/

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b'e GbkJh dh ;ehw tk;s/ B"eoFkjh tb'A brksko fdqVsk Bkb gfjokd[nkT[Dk j[D @ykbk ih dk tkVk# BjhA j?.

fJ; soQK jh nc;o j[D b'eK Bz{ sK eh ;r'A ;oekoK tk;s/ thT[ZsodkJh BjhA oj/, fi; dk ekoB fJj j? fe nc;oK dh ekor[}koh dh;w/A-;w/A #s/ e'Jh n;odkfJe ;whfynk BjhA j' ojh. whfNzrK d/ ftu}whBh gZXo #s/ ehs/ ik oj/ ezwK dh ;whfynk }whBh jehesK s'A fes/d{o jN e/ wkVh-w'Nh nzefVnK dh y/v Bkb ehsh ik ojh j?. f}bQk gZXo#s/ @pukth nzeV/# fsnko j[zd/ jB s/ ;eZso/s gZXo #s/ fJj nzeV/ ebk;o{w d/ wkj"b w[skfpe gVQ/ s/ ;[D/ iKd/ jB. fJzM nfXekohnK tb'A fes/-fes/ pZ; Bkw wkso fijh fNZgDh iK nrtkJh d/D dk p[Zsk g{fonk iKdkj?. fi; eoe/ j[D sK ;oekoK nkgD/ jh ;oekoh dcsoK okjhAnkgDhnK ;ehwK s/ nkfFnK dh skwhb eotkT[D s'A n;woE j' ojhnKikgdhnK jB.

fJ; tk;s/ fJj th fJe tZvk ekoB j? fe fi; eoe/ ;oeko B{ze"wh gZXo d/ tZv/ ekoi SZv e/ ;zrs doFB tk;s/ b'eK ftu nkT[Dk g?fojk j?. go fJ; d/ fgZS/ ;oekoK dh ;jh wkBf;esk fJj j? fe t'Np?Ae pDkT[D s/ pN'oB tk;s/ Bhsh xkfVnK d/ gZXo s'A fes/ EZb/ nk e/;oekoK ekoiekoDh d/ ;so #s/ nk ojhnK jB. T[Xo nc;o fJ;;fEsh dk nBzd wkD oj/ jB fe T[BQK dk ezw wzsoh s/ n?ZwHn?ZbHJ/H eooj/ jB. fJj ;koh ekotkJh @nkg/ jh w?A wZEk N/eK s/ nkg/ jh w?Ap[ZY ;[jkrD# fijh pDh j'Jh j?. nfijh oki gqDkbh d/ ekoB jh fgSb/uko-gzi djkfenK s'A fJe s'A pknd fJe ;oeko b'eK B{z r[Zv rtoB?A;d/D d/ gZy'A c/bQ j'Jh j? s/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh gzikp dh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ekj[D dojw-pojw j' rJh ikgdh j?.

fJ; ;koh ;{os/ jkb ftu fiE/ ;kvh ;koh gqFk;fBe gqDkbh ftuf}bQk gZXo s'A pbke s/ fgzvK ftu b'e GbkJh d/ fijV/ ezw dcsoK ftuj'D/ j[zd/ jB, T[j jh ezw j[D ;zrs doFBK d[nkok ehs/ ikD dh ekotkJhj' ojh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ f}bQ/ d/ d' wZ[y nfXekoh vhH;hH s/ n?Z;Hn?Z;HghHsK nkgDk g{ok-;kok ;wK nkgD/ j/mb/ nfXekohnK dh Nhw B{z gNtkohs/ f;gkjh gZXo sZe nkgD/ nkr{nK d/ }[pkBh-ebkwh j[ewK dh skwhb

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ftu vkjh oZyd/ jB. w[Zedh rZb, ;w[Zu/ b'e fjZs dhnK ;ehwK tk;s/ BksK nc;oK e'b ;wK pudk j? s/ Bk jh fco e'Jh gqki?eN f;o/ Bk ukVQBdh nDrfjbh ti'A fJBQK dh e'Jh T[Zu gZXo s'A b'VhAdh fyZu-fyukJh j[zdhj? feT[Afe fijVk nc;o fJbke/ d/ f;nk;h pzfdnK Bz{ y[F eo frnk,pZ; T[j jh @ubsh ek Bkw rkVh# nB[;ko ekw:kp j?.

;r'A ;oekoK B{z ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe T[j n?v/-n?v/ fdwkrK tkb/ekfpb nc;oK s/ siop/eko nc;oK B{z b'e fjZs d/ ezwK ftuy[d-p-y[d jh T[XV e/ ezw eoB dk w"ek d/D sK fe f;ckfoFpk}h d/nXko #s/ ne;o jh rbs ezw eoB-eokT[D dh B"ps jh Bk nkt/. fconZr/ b'e GbkJh d/ nfjw wfjefwnK y/shpkVh, f;Zfynk s/ f;js nkfddh tkoh nkT[Adh j?. y/shpkVh ftGkr d/ nc;o s/ eowukoh p/b'V/ fij/pDe/ gqFk;B ftu GkFk s/ o[}rko ftGkrK tKr{z @w[obh wfjefwnK# dhfb;N ftu Fkwb j' u[e/ jB. nfij/ ftGkrK d/ @v[obh iE/# tor/ fJBQKnfXekohnK s/ eowukohnK pko/ @ezw dk Bk eki pZ; d[FwD nBkidk# fijh b'e XkoBk gquZfbs j?.

f;Zfynk s/ f;js ftGkr ;/tk d/ y/so ftu fiE/ j'o ;G wfjefwnKs'A w'joh j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, T[E/ fJj ;oeko tb'A jh fJzB/ nDr"b/ ehs/ iku[e/ jB fe ;oekoh ;e{bK ftu pZfunK d/ p?mD bJh v?Z;e s/ gVQkT[DbJh pb?e p'ov s/ uke sZe th BjhA j[zd/. T[Xo ;oekoh fv;g?A;ohnKftu dtkJhnK dh B[;yk-gouh eZND s'A fpBK vkeNoK B{z j'o e'Jh ezwBjhA ofj frnk feT[Afe T[BQK e'b dtkJhnK jh BjhA j[zdhnK.

pZ; fJ; tk;s/ fJBQK ftGkrK d/ nfXekoh s/ eowukoh @ftjbkwB F?skB dk uoyk# fijh gqftosh Bkb ;oekoK Bkb e[Zb-tesh s"o#s/ vzvk-;'Nk j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB. ;r'A wk;NoK dk fNT{FBK s/ vkeNoK dknkgD/ xo/b{ ebhfBeK dk tXhnk eko'pko uZb fgnk j?. gfjbh rZb sKfJ; gk;/ e'Jh th ;oeko fXnkB jh BjhA fdzdh s/ d{ik j[D fe;/ ;oekodh fjzws j"A;bk jh BjhA fe fJ; @nzgkfJo ftfdB nzgkfJo# Gkt y[djh ;oeko ftu ;oeko pD u[e/ fJBQK nfXekohnK B{z e'Jh jZE gk ;e/. fco ;oeko tb'A nfjwhns d/D d/ gZy'A b'e fBowkD ftGkr dh rZbnkT[Adh j?, fi; d/ nfXekoh ;oeko tk;s/ s/ nkgD/ ftGkr bJh pj[s

319

jh yk;-T[b-yk; pD u[e/ jB.

ni'e/ ;w/A ftu b'eK B{z f}zdrh d/ o'}kBk XZfenK-X'fVnK tk;s/fsnko eoB bJh vkeNo ;kfjpkB ;?o eoB dh ;bkj fdzd/ jB. fJ;soQK jh nkw f;nkD/ pzd/ cfonkdh b'eK B{z wzsohnK-;zsohnK d/ dcsoKftu XZe/ ykD dh ;bkj fdzd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ fJBQK p/nzs b'eK B{z;t/o/-;kMo/ jh pZ;K s/ ;VeK dh b'V g?Adh j?. pZ; fco fJj b'VK-E[VKs/ ro}K d/ wko/ b'e @wkVk NZN{ ;[tys/ ;tkoh# dh b'e f;nkDg nB[;kofdB uVQd/ jh ;Ve ;tko j' iKd/ jB. fJ; ftu fiE/ b'eK dk Gbk j?,T[E/ jh ;oeko s/ phH n?Av nkoH tkfbnK dh uKdh j' iKdh j?. ekjbh-ekjbh oks'-oks ;VeK pDdhnK jB, E'Vh d/o pknd N[ZNdhnK jB, fcob'eK tb'A fes/ nDr"bh okw-o"bh s/ fes/ o"bk-oZgk th g?Adk j?. fJ; soQK;VeK dh w[ozws dk gzi ;kb fwnkd tkbk o{b-n;{b fSZe/ Nzr e/Bt/A n?;Nhw/N pDkJ/ iKd/ jB s/ eo'VK o[gJ/ d/ whNo fco ;ghv' whNoKtKr{z GZid/ jB. fJ; soQK b'eK #s/ yofunK dk p'M g?Adk j? s/ ;oekohy}kfBnK d/ g?;/ y{j yks/ g?Ad/ ofjzd/ jB.

j[D ;oekoK dh soihjh ;{uh #s/ b'e GbkJh, f;js s/ f;Zfynk ftGkrtor/ wfjew/ sK j[D ;oeko dh nkwdB d/ gZy'A nkpekoh, y[oke s/ eJhj'o ftGkrK d/ gkf;zr th BjhA jB. ;oeko bJh b'e GbkJh d/ ftGkr sK@ykT{ g[Zs# s/ wkb-wkbhnk ewkT[D tkb/ wfjew/ @ewkT{ g[Zs# jh pD u[e/jB. fJ; bJh fBo;zd/j j[D efbnkDekoh wfjefwnK dh gfoGkFk s/soihj pdb rJh j ?. nfij / ;dkpjko wfjefwnK ftuc/o nfXekoh-eowukoh th nBzd-wzrb s/ b'e th y[F ns/ nZr/ ojh ;oekodh rZbl T[; dh sK ;koh gq;zBsk-y[Fh fJ; rZb ftu jh j? fe b'e p/FZem/v/-fmZp/ yKd/ ofjD, go T[BQK dk ;oeko Bkb nkB/-pjkB/ ;zgoe pfDnkoj/ sK fe nrbh tko ;oeko pDkT[D dk i[rkV gZek j' ;e/.

fco @Nh;h d/ p/o# tork fJe j'o ndkok b'e ;zgoe ftGkr;oekoK dh uzrh-wkVh ekor[}koh dh g[FsgBkjh eoB dh ro} BkbekfJw-dkfJw j?. ;oekoK d/ r[DrkB eoB bJh fJ; wfjew/ tb'A rhsfby/-fbykJ/ iKd/ jB, NhHthH u?BbK #s/ rkJ/ iKd/ jB. nypkoK ftu;oekoK dh ;fuZso c'N'nK ;w/s ]poK okjhA tkj-tkj ns/ fJFfsjkoKokjhA fBZs fdjkV/ pZb/-pZb/ eotkJh iKdh j?. fJ; soQK fJj wfjewk

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wzsoh wzvb B{z t/b-tX/-t/b fijh ekor[}koh fdyk e/ ;oeko B{z uko uzBbkT[Adk ofjzdk j?. fJj wfjewk nkgD/ Bkw s'A jh b'eK Bkb ;zgoe dkgqshe j?. go fJj ftGkr d' ezw G[Zb e/ th BjhA eodkl gfjbk sK b'eKs/ yk; s"o #s/ rohpK dh d[odFk fJj ed/ th ;oeko d/ r'Fr[}ko BjhAeodk. d{ik fJj ed/ ;kv/ ;oekoh gqG{nK B{z fe;/ f;nkD/ s/ siopkekotZv/ pzfdnK s/ b/yeK tb'A fdZs/ ftukoK s/ ;[MktK s'A ikD{z BjhA eotkT[Adk.

fJ; bJh ;oeko tk;s/ e[Zb iwQK-s\ohe s'A pknd rtoB?A; d/B[es/-fBrkj s'A ;oeko s/ nc;oFkjh B{z ubkT[D dh b'V B{z nkgD/ co}Ks/ ezwK dh soihjh fb;N ftu fJe Bzpo #s/ oZyD dh b'V j?. go nZid/ nc;o oki;Zsk s/ fto'Xh gkoNhnK dh f;ckfoFpk}h dh uZehd/ d' g[VKftu fg; oj/ jB. eJh tkoh sK ;fEsh fJj j' iKdh j? fe fJe gk;/dh f;ckfoF wzBd/ jB sK e'jVh ejkT[Ad/ jB ns/ i/ d{ih fXo dh rZbwzBd/ jB sK ebzeh ;dkT[Ad/ jB.

oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh dhnK pyfFFK jk;b eod/-eod/ fJj b'ef;ckfoFpk}h dh GZmh ftu b[jko dh ;zBQh tKr{z ed/ nZr ftu s/ ed/ gkDhftu Gkt ty'-tyo/ oZd/-nwb ftu'A r[}o oj/ jB. g'bhfNeb b'eK dhdybnzdk}h fJzBh tX rJh j? fe vhH;hH s/ n?Z;Hn?Z;Hgh Bz{ fe;/ eboe iKf;gkjh dh pdbh ;hH n?ZwH sZe s'A g[S e/ eoBh g?Adh j?. BjhA sK, }kfjoj? fe nZi-eZbQ S'N/ eowukoh th nkgDh g[bhfNeb gjz[u eoe/ f}bQk gZXod/ nkgD/ nfXekohnK dh yNhnk yVQh eoB d/ ;woE j' u[e/ jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w?Bz{ fJe nkg-phsh ne;o Mzi'Vdh ojh fe w?A fJetko ps"o fvgNh efwFBo fe;/ fJe eboe dh pdbh eoB T[gozsnkgD/ j[ewK #s/ nV frnk. go pknd ftu T[E'A d/ wzsoh tb'A dybd/D ns/ fco T[; tb'A wZ[y wzsoh ;kfjp #s/ dpkn gkT[D eoe/ J/H vhH;hH B/ pdbh d/ Bt/A j[ew ikoh eoe/ w/oh pzdybk;h eotkJh. y?o! fJjrZb tZyoh j? fe w?A T[; w[bk}w Bz{ nB[Fk;B Gzr eoB bJh fJT[AorfVnk fe fit/A ;Zg Bz{ f;oh s'A cV e/ pKdo orVdk j?.

ub' rZb ub ojh ;h fe gqFk;fBe gqDkbh ftu nDukjh dybnzdk}hj'D eoe/ d\soh wfonkdk s/ nB[Fk;B Bz{ ekoh }op brh j?. j[DseohpB jo e/; ftu s/ jo c?;b/ ftu ;pzXs fXoK dh wdd T[Zs/ fe;/

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Bk fe;/ gkoNh d/ pzfdnK dk nkgDh sBk}k jz[dk j?. fJ; tk;s/ gfjbKsK nc;oK Bz{ b'eb wzsohnK, n?ZwHn?ZbHJ/H ;kfjpkB, fco Fq'wDh ew/NhsZe d/ w?ApoK s/ oki;sk tkbh gkoNh d/ d{o'A-B/fVT[A foFs/dkoK B{z thftFtk; ftu b?Dk g?Adk j?. fJ; bJh fJBQK ftuko/ nfXekohnK Bz{ i[bkj/dh fcoeh tKrz{ f;nk;h pzfdnK d/ xoK s/ nkgD/ dcsoK d/ ftuekoGZi-BZm eoBh g?Adh j?. fJ; soQK fJj fJXo s/ T[Xo d/ uZeoK ftu g?e/ pZ; Xosh jh fwDd/ fcod/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh fJBQK ;ko/ pko;{y pzfdnK B/ nkg'-nkgD/ ;?Zb ;oekohdcsoK ftu fcZN eo oZy/ j[zd/ jB, fijV/ fJBQK B{z nkgD/ T[Zu nfXekohnKdh Beb'-joes s'A ikD{z eotkT[Dk nkgDk Xow ;wMd/ jB. fJ; soQKj[D dcsoK ftu nkgD/ nfXekohnK gqsh tckdkoh s/ fdnkBsdkoh dhEK p/tckJh s/ p/JhwkBh dk p'bpkbk j?. ;r'A dcsoh wfonkdk dk iBk}ksK jo fdB ;o/piko fBeb fojk j?. fJe nykD j? fe p/FZe yop{}kS[oh #s/ fvZr/ iK S[oh yop{}/ #s/ fvZr/ tZfYnk sK jo jkb yop{}k jhiKdk j?. fJ; soQK dcsoK ftu jo ;{os nkB/-pjkB/ p; nc;oFkjhd/ wkD-;BwkB dk xkD j' fojk j?.

fJ; soQK fJ; dk e[Zb fwbk e/ Bshik ;kv/ ;kjwD/ jh j? fe ed/nzro/} nkgDh fJ; nc;oFkjh d/ pbp{s/ ;Zs ;w[zdo d{o p?m/ jh fJ;ekonkwd gqFk;B gqDkbh Bkb Gkos ftu f;Ze/pzd pzd'p;s ubk oj/;B. go nZi ;kvhnK nkgDhnK jh ;oekoK B/ y[d nkgDh jh ekoigkfbekB{z fJzBK ew}'o eo fbnk j? fe fJj ntkw B{z r[Zv rtoB?A; Gkt tXhnks/ n;odko gqFk;B d/D s'A n;woE j' rJhnK jB. fJj jh ekoB j? fee/Ado s'A ;N/NK sZe tXhnk ekoiekoBh dh xkN eoe/ fJe gk;/ iBskdk eu{zwo s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;oekoK dk ib;k-ib{; fBeb fojk j?.

fJ; ft;Eko dk ;kozF fJj j? fe jo S'N/ s'A S'Nk e'Jh ezw iK j[eweoB s'A gfjbK tZv/-tZv/ nfXekohnK Bz{ T[; dh o{go/yk f;nk;h nkr{nKd/ fXnkB ftu fbnkT[D bJh T[BQK d/ r'Fr[}ko Gkt T[BQK d/ ezBh eZYDhg?Adh j?. fco ;t/o s'A Fkw sZe s/ yk; eoe/ e'oN-eufjoh tk;s/fBFfus fdBK ftu fJBQK oki;h tv/fonK d/ N?bhc'BK dh Sfjpo bZrhofjzdh j?. T[Xo pkjo ;t/o s' A e? Ag nkfc; ftu f;ckfoF

322

eoB-eotkT[D tkfbnK dh Gowko bZrh j[zdh j?, fiE/ fe T[BQK tk;s/ukj-gkDh d/ bzro ns[ZN tos oj/ j[zd/ jB.

w?B{z :kd j? fe o'gV fty/ fJe tko w?E'A fuzs/-nfuzs/ fJe tZvhrbsh j' rJh fe w?A w[Zy wzsoh ;kfjp d/ ;?eNohJ/N ti'A wFto/ o{ghj[ew fe ;kv/ pzfdnK B{z ukj-gkDh fgnk fdnk eo', d/ itkp ftu efjp?mk fe iBkp vhH;hH dk dcso ekbi dh ukj-d[ZX dh e?ANhB BjhAfe e'Jh th nkT[D tkbk @uko ;w';/, uko eZg# dk nkovo fvgNhefwFBo B{z d/ ikt/. y?o! c/o w/oh i' ebk; bZrh s/ fijVh rs pDh pZ;T[; pko/ sK @yZNh yho dk ;bkj[Dk# nB[;ko j[D pj[sk dZ;D-g[ZSD dh}o{os BjhA j?.

uZb'! ftXkfJeK, ;K;dK, wzsohnK s/ w[Zy wzsoh ;kfjp sZe d/nkd/F wkso N?bhc'B sK dybnzdk}h d/ nkT[Ad/ jh ofjzd/ jB. go fJj}o{o j' frnk j? fe j[D ;ko/ nfXekoh th ;wMD bZr gJ/ jB fe fejV/N?bhc'Bh nkd/FK dk gkbD eoBk j? s/ feBQK B{z fJe ezB ftu gk e/ d{i/ezB' eZYDk j?. w[Zedh rZb, E'Vk pj[sk dw-ipQk oZyd/ f}bQk nfXekoh sKf;oc T[BQK j[ewK dh jh skwhb eod/ jB, i' fe w[Zy wzsoh ih tb'A j[zd/jB. pkeh N?bhc'B eoB tkfbnK B{z sK T[j bZb{-cZs{ fijk ;wM e/Noek-:oek th fdzd/ jB. pZ; fJ; soQK j[D nc;oFkjh nkgDh@r[nkuh FkB dh Fkw# d/ nkbw ftu tes gk; eo ojh j?.

go e[ZM nfij/ nc;o th j[zd/ jB, i' nkgD/ bp-b'G s/ ;[nkoE B{zfsnkr e/ b'e GbkJh d/ gqFk;fBe ezw eod/ jB. nfij/ nc;o wok;htKr{z fgzv/ B{z s/b wb e/ oZyd/ jB. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe fJj sKgfjbK jh fgzv/ B{z s/b wbh fcod/ jB. fJ; bJh fJBQK B{z jZE gkT[Dkf;nk;h b'eK d/ th t; BjhA j[zdk. go fiE'A sZe e'Jh f;nk;h f;ckfoFBk wzBD dk ;tkb j?, f;nk;h pzd/ fJBQK dh fJZ}s s/ gZr bkj[D sZe thiKd/ jB, fc fJj th nZr'A gfjbK jh gZr bkjh fcod/ jB. fJ; eoe/oki;h b'e th pky{ph ;wMd/ jB fe nfij/ nc;oK dh gZr bkj[zd/-bkj[zd/nkgDh jh gZr Bk b[jkn p?mD. fJ; tk;s/ nfij/ n;{bgq;s nc;oK s/g'bhNheb b'eK dk foFsk fJe-d{i/ Bkb x{o'-x{oh j'D fijk pfDnkofjzdk j?.

323

r"osbp j? fe Gkt/A fJj bZr/ fe w?A S'Nk w{zj tZvh rZb eo fojk jK,go fJj nfijh ;ZukJh j?, i' fe goy-gqwkD dh e;ZtNh #s/ uVQkJh ik;edh j?. T[j fJj j? fe ndkbsh c?;fbnK ftu w?A f;ckfoFpk}h s/dybnzdk}h B{z ed/ th n;onzdk} BjhA j'D fdZsk. ;r'A gqFk;eh w;fbnKftu th fes/ rK B{z sK F/o #s/ uVQk fdZsk j't/rk, go ed/ F/o B{z Gkt ;es/-seV/ B{z raohp iK fpbk-f;ckfoF pzd/ #s/ jkth BjhA j'D fdZsk.

;zB 1974 ftu fi; fdB w?A f;tb ;oft; cohde'N i[nkfJB ehsh;h sK r[o{ Bkb nkgDh fJe tuBpXsk gqsh fJe B'N fbfynk ;h fe nekbtkfjr[o{ fJj s[jkvh pyfFF s/ p}[orK dhnK n;h;K ;dek j? fe w?B{z;oekoh B"eoh dh fJzBh ;'jDh F[o{nks fwbh j?. fJ; tk;s/ w?B{z w'jbs s/;woEk pyFDk fe w?A fJ; gqFk;eh ebw B{z b'e ;/tk ftu jh bkJh oZyKs/ ed/ th nkgD/ d;sysK dk w[Zb tZND dh e'fFF th Bk eoK. w?B{z s;Zbhj? fe pVh jZd sZe w/ok fJj nkgD/-nkg Bkb jh ehsk gqD fBfGnk j? s/;op ;woE wkbe B/ w/oh ;'u B{z fJ; gk;/ ikD jh BjhA fdZsk.

nyho ftu nkb/-d[nkb/ d/ fGqFNkuko Bkb Bzr/ XV i{Mdk id'A w?AfoNkfJo j'fJnk sK fe;/ gZsoeko B/ w?B{z g[ZfSnk fe eh w?A fGqFNkukoB{z ysw eoB ftu ;cb j'fJnk jK iK BjhA sK w/ok @jk}o itkp# fJj;h fe w[ekpbk pokpo fojk Gkt Bk w?A fGqFNkuko B{z ysw eo ;fenKjK s/ Bk jh w?B{z fGqFNkuko jok ;fenk j?. p/FZe w/o/ t/b/ th foFtsy'onc;o fGqFNkukoh y/v y/vd/-fyvkT[Ad/ oj/ jB, go T[j ed/ fjZe EkgVe/ foFts BjhA b? ;e/. fJ; soQK b'e ;/tk ftu nekb g[oy dh feogk;dek w/ok jo fdB g[o-;e{B s/ w/oh ;koh ;/tk w/o/ bJh @c[bfcbw?AN#Gkt fJe n;zwh gqkgsh dk pkfJ; pDh j?.

pfjojkb ne;o jh ;kfJb nc;oK Bkb foFs/dkohnK s/ fbjk}KeZYd/ ofjzd/ jB. y?o, nc;oK dhnK foFs/dkohnK sK fe;/ ;EkB #s/g';fNzr j'D t/b/ jh BFo j' iKdhnK jB. go Bkb jh Bt/A-Bt/AfoFs/dko th g?dk j' iKd/ jB, fiBQK pko/ fe nc;o B/ fgSb/ 20-30;kb ed/ ;[fDnk th BjhA j[zdk. fJj foFs/dkohnK dkdhnK s/ BkBhnK d/gfotkoK ftu'A gqrN j[zdhnK jB. Bt/A foFs/ rzY/ iKd/ jB. jZeh foFs/dko sK nkgDk nc;o nkT[D T[s/ gZpK Gko j' iKd/ jB. fJ; soQK jh

324

f;nk;h pzd/ sK nc;oK Bkb fJT[A foFs/dkohnK eZYd/ jB fe fit/A T[jfJe' wK fgU d/ jh ikJ/ j'D s/ fJe' SZs j/m jh gb/ j'D. p/FZe nyhoftu fJj Bt/A T[Go/ foFs/ nc;o dh pdbh j'D ;w/A g[okDh w{bh tKr{zfYZb/ fij/ j' e/ w[e-w[ek iKd/ jB.

id'A j[D ;wki dk fGqFNkukoh ubD g{oB s"o #s/ j' frnk j? sK fJepzd/ dk jZE, d{i/ pzd/ d/ yh;/ ftu j?. t/d-t/dksK d/ ;w/A b'e fejk eod/;B fe @ngBk jkE irB BkE# Gkt wkfJnk-d"bs d/ gZy'A GrtkB B/ ;kv/jZE poes gkJh j'Jh j?. fpbe[b fJ; soQK jh fJe nc;o s'A d{i/nc;o ns/ fJe d\so s'A d{ik d\so gqkoEh B{z nkgDh wo} dk jZbbZGD bJh rXh r/V gkJh oZydk j?. id'A e'Jh gqkoEh nkgDk p/Bsh gZso;pzXs nfXekoh B{z fdzdk j? sK seohpB jo nfXekoh T[; gZso B{zFor n/a Gkt B;?Z;oh n?eFB fby e/ j/mb/ nfXekohnK Bz{ wkoe eofdzdk j?. gqkoEh d/ fujo/ #s/ T[d'A fJe ib"n fijk Mbedk j? fe T[;dh j[D ;[DtkJh j' rJh j?. T[j ;wMdk j? fe fJ; bJh T[; B{z j[DfJB;kc }o{o fwb/rk. gozs{ fJj xZN-tZX jh j[zdk j? fe ;kv/ dcsoKftu nkdwh B{z ;w/A f;o fJB;kc fwb ;e/.

y?o! fJj th e"V-s[zw/ torh ;ZukJh j? fe ;kv/ dcsoK s/ eufjohnKd/ ni'e/ gqubD nB[;ko fJB;kc sK oZp d/ xo jh j?, n;hA sK ;kfJbKB{z bNek-so;k e/ ;kbK pknd c?;b/ jh ;[DkT[Ad/ jK. fJ; bJh jh fejkiKdk j? fe @i;fN; vhb/v fJ} i;fN; fvBkJhv# fJ; dk Gkt fJj j?fe fJB;kc d/D ftu j'Jh d/oh th nfBnK jh j?. fe;/ Bz{ th T[;d/ pDd/jZe ftu ehsh d/oh p/fJB;kch s/ fJB;kc Bk d/D d/ ;wkB j?. fJ;gqEkfJ wep{b b/ye efoFB uzdo dh fJe ejkDh @ikwB ek g/V# j?.fi; ftu vhH;hH dcso d/ ezgb?e; ftu bfrnk ikwD dk doZys MZyVekoB id'A fvZrdk j? sK T[; d/ EZb/ fJe nkdwh nk iKdk j?. T[; B{zdoZys j/m'A eZYD tk;s/ w}d{o bkT[D dh pikJ/ dcsoh fuZmh-gZsoh F[o{j' iKdh j?. y?o! id'A B{z T[; pzd/ B{z doys j/m'A eZYD d/ j[ew nkT[Ad/ jBsK T[d'A sZe T[j pzdk fJ; d[BhnK s'A jh e{u eo frnk j[zdk j?.

w[ZY-edhw s'A jh id'A fe toswkB gqFk;fBe YKuk th jkb/ j'Ad ftuBjhA ;h nkfJnk. T[d'A s'A jh eufjohnK dh wkD-wfonkdk s/ dp-dpkn

325

B{z b'eK B/ ep{b ehsk. go ni'e/ ;w/A ftu fe;/ n\;o dh eufjoh dkB}kok e[ZM fJT[A fij/ j[zdk j? fe fit/A ftfdnkoEh fJwfsjkB t/b/ u'ohS[g/ Beb wkoB bJh vZp ftu Nzrh gouh eZYdk j?. c/o T[j T[; B{zfsoSh fijh B}o Bkb v?;e EZb/ eoe/ gVQdk j?.

pZ; fpbe[b fJ; soQK fij/ dh jh jkbs eufjoh ftu p?m/gqFk;fBe n\;o dh j[zdh j?. id'A T[j ;kjwD/ yVQhnK fXoK s'A B}oKfijhnK puk e/ f;ckoFh gouh gVQdk j? fe fe; fXo d/ jZe ftu c?;bkeoB dh f;ckfoF nkJh j?< fijVh fXo dh f;ckfoF tZvh j't/ nkw s"o#s/ c?;bk T[; d/ jh jZe ftu j[zdk j?. go d/yD tkb/ th ewkb dh B}ooZyd/ jB. T[j fJj th ;wM iKd/ jB fe fJeZbh f;ckfoF jh BjhA;r'A f;ckfoF s'A fJbktk ne;o @wkfJnk d/th# B/ nkgDk ibtkfdykfJnk j[zdk j?.

eJh jwksV n\;o sK f;ckfoF dh nkV ftu nkgDk s'oh-c[bekj'o th tXhnk ubkT[D dh ;ehw pDk b?Ad/ jB. T[j f;ckfoF eoB tkb/seV/ thHnkJhHghH B{z BKj th BjhA eod/ s/ b'Vtzd pzd/ dk ezw th BjhAeod/. T[; ;w/A dh ;{os jkb e[ZM nfijh j[zdh j? fe @j[ew w'VBk BjhAs/ vZek s'VBk BjhA.# gzikph dk nykD @gzuK dk fejk f;o wZE/ s/ goBkbkT[E/ dk T[E/# fJ; jkbs dh soiwkBh eodk j?. nyho b'Vtzd gqkoEhd\so d/ uZeoK ;w/A iK sK nkg ;wM iKdk j? s/ iK fe;/ pkp{ tZb'A ;wMkfdZsk iKdk j? fe ckJhb uKdh d/ gjhJ/ wzrdh j?. pZ; d\so dh fJetko uKdh pDB dh d/o j? fe T[; s'A pknd fco ckJhb d/ T[go j[ewth @;ghv g';N# jh pD iKd/ jB. fJ; soQK id'A fes/ e'Jh bkJh;?A; pDe/ nkgD/ nkg jh J/izNK okjhA xo nk iKdk j? sK ikgdk j? fe ;kv/d\soK ftu th vke ftGkr dh e'ohno ;oft; F[o{ j' rJh j?.

fJE/ w?B{z fJe rZb w/oh ;oft; d/ F[o{nksh fdBK dh :kd nkJh j?.T[d'A w?A s/ w/ok fJe d';s cohde'N w?fi;Nq/N j[zd/ ;h. ;kv/ e'b Xkok107$151 CRPC sfjs e/; nkT[Ad/ ;B. Xkok 107 dk wsbp nzd/Fk B[e;/ nwB s/ 151 d/ sfjs frqcskoh j[zdh j?. id'A w/o/ fwZso e'bfJj e/; g/F j'D/ sK T[; B/ seohpB jo e/; ftu nkgD/ ohvo Bz{efjDk fe eh s{z T[ZsotkdhnK Bz{ uzrh soQK ;wMk fdZsk j? fe d\k 151

326

dk eh wsbp j[zdk j?< T[gozs T[; B/ ;ko/ e/; d[gfjo dh ;[DtkJh bJhoZy e/ nkg ykDk ykD ub/ ikDk. T[; B/ fco seohpB d\so pzd j'Dd/ ;w/A tkg; nkT[Dk. T[d'A sZe ohvo T[sodkJhnK Bz{ uzrh soQK ;wMkfdzdk ;h fe i/ iBkp B/ s[jkvh nZi }wkBs Bk wBi{o ehsh sK oksi/bQ ftu eZNDh gt/rh.

]?o! iBkp B/ nkT[Dk s/ nkT[Ad/ ;ko jh efjDk fe GkJh s[jkB{z gskj'T{rk fe esb eoB dh Xkok 302 j[zdh j?. ;ko/ T[ZsotkdhnK dk itkpseohpB fJe jh j[zdk ;h fe jK ih ;kB{z gsk j?. r"osbp j? fe fgzvKftu pZu/-pZu/ B{z Xkok 326 s/ Xkok 302 nkJhHghH;hH dk seohpB gskjh j?. fJ; bJh w?fi;Nq/N ;kfjp B/ efjDk fe 302 B{z i/ 2 Bkbse;hw eohJ/ sK GkJh 151 pDdk j?. fJ; bJh s[;hA sK nZXk esbeoe/ nkJ/ j'. pZ; fco gziK fwzNK ftu jh ohvo ;kfjp dh frZN-fwZNnB[;ko ;G dhnK }wkBsK j' iKdhnK ;B. ;' ;kv/ gqFk;B d/ nfij/ibftnK s'A tko/-tko/ ikJhJ/.

fJ; nyhA d/yh ejkDh d/ fgS/ ;kvh b'e f;nkDg @;Zu/ c?;b/ feT[Aeo/ ihjB/ j? tZYh ykDh# dh wkVh gqftosh Bz{ ;wMD dh b'V j?. fco ;kv/gqFk;B ftu s/ yk; eoe/ g[fb; wfjew/ ftu ekb/ Bz{ fuZNk s/ fuZN/ Bz{ekbk eoB dh fJe BthA jh f;wZs nk rJh j?. g[fb; wfjew/ tkfbnKdh sK j[D fJj f;cs s/ ;woEk fJzBh tZX rJh j? fe T[j dck107 Bz{307 ftu spdhb eoB dh pdBhsh Bz{ B/e Bhnsh pDk e/ g/F eo ;ed/jB. fJ; gqEkfJ ;kvh fJe b'e p'bh @uz[xh pZeoh pDk #sk vkek# fJ;;koh e[;zrh-e[ohsh dh pVh Y[ethA soiwkBh eodh j? fe fe; soQK;kvhnK ;oekoK d/ydhnK s/ ;wMdhnK j'JhnK th nkgD/ uj/s/ nc;oKd/ Gdoeko/ nDfvZm eodhnK jB. fJ; gqEkfJ jh fe;/ FkfJo B/ pVkfdb ftzBtK ftnzr ehsk j? feL-

Y{zv eo g?dk eo' fJB;k\ eh ]kfsow/o/ nkfdb, w/o/ B"F/otK p/eko p?m/ j?A

fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ dcsoK ftu nZm xzN/ ezw eoB tkb/ nfXekoh s/eowukoh pZXh sBykj b?Ad/ jB, go id'A T[j fe;/ ckJhb Bz{ po/eKbkT[Ad/ jB iK dcso ftu nZm xzN/ dh EK f;oc fszB-uko xzN/ jh wB

327

bk e/ ezw eod/ jB sK T[BQK Bz{ @ukj-gkDh# s/ ;/tk-gkDh d/ o{g ftutkjtk-u'yh ewkJh j' iKdh j?. fco T[BQK dh e'Jh g[ZS-frZS th BjhAj[zdh. fJj jh ekoB j? fe fdB-dhthA ;kv/ dcsoK ftu ;oekoK tb'Ad/yd/-d/yd/ s/ wkVk-w'Nk o'ed/-N'ed/ dhdk-dkfBFsk fGqFNkuko tZXfojk j?.

ed/-ed/ nkgD/ ;fj:'rh nc;oK s/ ;fjeowhnK dhnK ;ZuhnK-;[ZuhnK jZvphshnK ;[D e/ jkb/ th ezBK B{z jk;k nkT[Adk j?. fJBQKwjkB[GktK d/ siop/ s/ eEB @gZedk bzro t/y e/ d' gb ikJhJ/ mfjolxVh gb dh ;zr s/ ;ko/ fdB dh bfjo# fijhnK f;nkDgK #s/ nXkfosj[zd/ ;B. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j[zdk ;h fe fiE/ th dkn-dZ[ek bZr/, T[E/jh gzih-d;h MkV bU. fJBQK d/ wBxVs fij/ wkV/ ;zebg s/ xNhnkfJokd/ fit/A fe @fi; B/ eh Fow T[; e/ c{N/ eow# fij/ j[zd/ jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ejkDhnK sK ;?AeV/ jh j' ;edhnK jB, go fJe T[ZunfXekoh fwZso dh GZdoekoh dk w?A uFwdhd rtkj jK fe n;hA fe;/y/v w/b/ #s/ fJeZm/ g[Zi/. y?o! w?A sK ;N/i #s/ gj[zu frnk, go fwZso ihfes/ th Bk fd;/. c/o n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH ;kfjp B/ w?B{z dZf;nk fe tZv/ iBkpsK T[dxkNBh r/N d/ Bkb ge"fVnK dh o/jVh #s/ jh ;[Zy nk;D j' rJ/;B. fJ; soQK jh fJe n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH ;kfjp d/ e'b e'Jh gqtk;h GkoshfJzrb?Av s'A nkfJnk. id'A iBkp B{z gsk bZfrnk fe T[j sK T[BQK dk rkjetork ;kfJb j? sK T[BQK B/ T[; dh ewh} dh skohc eoBh F[o{ eo fdZsh.y?o! bzu-pq/e sZe ;kfJb T[BQK d/ xo @gZr-tZN# Gok dh EK @ewh}-tZN#fwZso pD u[ek ;h.

;zB 1980 s'A pknd yk; eoe/ nfstkd d/ ;w/A nc;oFkjh dh pj[suVQ wuh ;h. T[d'A nc;oK tb'A ;kfJbK s/ gqkoEhnK B{z SKrD-SrKT[D dkothok fJzBK tX frnk ;h fe fJe nc;o d/ pdbD s'A pknd d{i/nc;o dh g';fNzr d/ d'-uko wjhfBnK ftu jh @pV/ whnK ;' pV/ whnKS'N/ whnK ;[GkB nZbQk# tor/ ibt/ fdykT[D bZr g?Ad/ ;B. pfjojkb j[DsK tX/ GktK s/ wfjzrkJh d/ ekoB S'N/ s/ tZv/ whnK fJe' E?bh d/uZN/-pZN/ pD u[e/ jB. fJ; ;zdoG ftu j[D b'e Bt/A nkJ/ nc;o pko/ne;o jh efjzd/ ;[D/ ik ;ed/ jB fe fJj sK fGqFNkuko d/ gZy'A gfjb/

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nc;o dk th fgU fBefbnk ns/ fJ; B/ sK j[D b'eK B{z w[SD-w[SkT[DdhnK BthnK jh bhjK gk fdZshnK jB.

w/ok fynkb j? fe @w[Zmh row# eoB dk gfoubD d/F d/ nzB-GzvkoKbJh nBki yohdD d/ ezw s'A F[o{ j'fJnk j?. yk; s"o #s/ M'Bk yohdDt/b/ Bwh dh wksok d/yD bJh id'A w"fJ;uo whNoK dh EK #s/ yohdJ/iz;hnK d/ fJz;g?eNo M'B/ dh Y/oh ftu v{zxk jZE gk e/ f;Zb wkgd/ jBsK fe;kB ;wM iKdk j? fe j[D M'B/ dh f;Zb B{z xNkT[D bJh eowukohnKdh w[Zmh B{z B'NK dh dZEh Bkb rowkT[Dk gt/rk. FkfJd @w[Zmh row# eoBdh ;kvh g[okDh fotkfJs s/ w[jkto/ dk w[ZY fJE'A jh pZMk j't/rk.

;kvh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek nzro/} ;kwoki d/ ;w/A s'A j'Ad ftu nkJhns/ j[D sZe n"y/-;"y/ fBG ojh j?. ;kvh fJj ;oekoh ftt;Ek s/nc;oFkjh nkgD/-nkg B{z b'e ;/tk s/ b'e ;/te ;dkT[D d/ pkti{d thokitkfVnK s/ ;kv/ nkr{nK tKr{z u"Xo s/ uwe dh pokpo dh fjZ;/dkohojh j?. fJj gqw[Zy ;/tk okiBhfse b'eK dh yVr G[ik s/ vKr G[ik pDe/ bkn n?Av nkovo d/ Bkw #s/ ne;o vzvk-yzvk yVekT[Adh ofjzdh j?.

fBo;zd/j d/F dh gqhwhno ;oft; b'V g?D #s/ n"y/ s'A n"y/ w;b/-wojfbnK ftu ekw:kph jk;b eoB dh p/nzs ;woEk oZydh j?. ;r'A;kvhnK fJj b'e ;/tktK nkgDh nc;oFkjh d/ fdb s/ fdwkr d/ tXhnk;ws'b d/ ekoB jh v/Y-d' ;kb d/ pknd th nfvZr s/ nv'b jB. BjhAsK gsk BjhA, nzro/} ;oeko s/ T[; s'A fgZS'A n}kd Gkos dhnK fJe s'Apknd fJe ;oekoK ed'A s'A jh fJBQK dk fp;sok r'b eoe/ nc;oFkjhB{z nbftdkJh cfsj p[bk fdzdhnK.

p/FZe j[D th fJe s'A tZX fJe ekfpb nc;o fJ; gqFk;fBeftt;Ek dh FkB j?. go fBZih dhB-fJwkB ns/ nkgDh fBoG?-p/pkedbhb d/D d/ gZy'A f}nkdkso fJj b'e-;/tk dh wfonkdk s/ }kps/nB[;ko nkgD/ nkg B{z brkw s/ fSZeb/ gk e/ oZyd/ jB. whfNzrK Gkt/Af}bQk gZXo dhnK j'D s/ Gkt/A ;?eNohJ/N gZXo dhnK j'D ne;o d/fynkfrnk j? fe pV/-pV/ ;kbK dk siopk oZyd/ nc;o th whfNzrK ftunkgDh okJ/ y[ZbQ e/ BjhA fdzd/. i/ T[j gqXkBrh nc;o tZb'A p[bkJ/ #s/ e[ZMp'bd/ th jB sK T[j gqXkBrh nc;o dk gfjbK fe;/ w[Zd/ pko/ o"An-o[]

329

d/yd/ jB s/ fco nkgDh T[j okJ/ fdzd/ jB fijVh fe gqXkBrh nc;oB{z ;'Ajdh-g'Ajdh j't/.

w[Zy s"o #s/ ;koh nc;oFkjh @fij' fijk s/ok dkDk-gkDh fsjkw/ok ezw ikD/# dh b'e f;nkDg nB[;ko ubdh j?. fco fJ; dk nrbk n;{b@fijdh ykJhJ/ pkioh, T[; dh GohJ/ jk}oh# d/ b'e nykD nB[;ko j[zdk j?.fJ; bJh nc;oFkjh dh s[bBk @jtk-e[ZeV# Gkt jtk dh rsh s/ fdFk;{ue :zso d/ Bkb th ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; ftu sK e'Jh FZe BjhA fe fJenkw nc;o ekpbhns s/ siop/ d/ nkXko #s/ nkw b'eK Bkb'A tZX f;nkD/j[zd// jB. fJ; bJh fJBQK B{z fe;/ th w;b// pko/ iBsk dk gqsheow ;wMDns/ fco T[; w;b/ ;pzXh nkgD/ s'A fe;/ ;hBhno dk o[]-otJhnk s/ fwik}skVB ftu e'Jh ;wK BjhA brdk. pZ; fJ; soQK fco seohpB ;kohnc;oFkjh jtk-e[ZeV tKr{z nkgDk g{zMk th ;w/A dh jtk nB[;ko x[wk e/nkgDk w{zj T[Zu nfXekoh dh e[o;h tZb B{z eodh ofjzdh j?.

nc;oK dh fJe j'o f;cs fJj j[zdh j? fe fJBQK B{z iBwiks s'A jhfJe ;wMdkoh dh r[VQsh fwbdh j? fe fJj B"eoh p?ArD dh BjhA, ;r'A;oeko dh eod/ jB. efjzd/ jB fe nepo B/ phopb B{z p?ArD d/ r[Dg[ZS/ sK phopb B/ p?n-pkdh d/ wko/ p?ArD B{z jh n;wkB/ ukVQ fdZsk. ]?o!nepo th y[F j' e/ p?ArDK dh ;p}h dk tZvk rkSk bk frnk. id'A p?ArDB/ pkdFkj d/ fYZv ftu x[ob{ c/fonk sK phopb Bz{ fco p[bkfJnkfrnk. fJ; tko phopb B/ ekb/-eb{N/ p?ArD dh T[j n?;h-s?;h c/oh feoj/ oZp dk BK. nepo B/ g[ZfSnk fe phopb eZbQ s{z p?ArD dhnK f;csKeo fojk ;h sK phopb B/ itkp fdZsk fe w?A pkdFkj ;bkws dh ukeoheodk jK, Bk fe p?ArD dh.

;' nebwzdh d/ gZy'A ;koh nc;oFkjh nkgD/ tv/o/ B"A osB pkpkphopb dh jh u/bh-pkbeh j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJBQK dk y[FBhdh s/ y[Fkwdho{g d/yD tkbk j[zdk j?. fJ; o{g ftu fJj w'o tKr{z g?bK gkT[Ad/ nkgD/T[Zu nfXekohnK d[nkb/ fJT[A r/VhnK wkod/ jB fit/A fe Fwk d[nkb/gqtkBk wzvokT[Adk j?. fco fJBQK dh p'bukb ftu yho B{z @s;wZJh# s/ ;ZoB{z @;Zo ih# efjDk nkw fijh rZb pD iKdh j?.

;oft; d/ d"okB nfXekohrD nkgDk ;G xo-xkN s/ pkb-pZuk;oeko ubkT[D dh ;/tk s'A fBSkto eo fdzd/ jB. seohpB-seohpB

330

jo fJe nc;o nkgD/ ;/tk ekb ftu d' gZXoK #s/ ezw eodk j?. T[;dk gfjbk gZXo @efNzr n?Zi# Gkt ekoiekoh nc;o s/ d{ik gZXo@g"fb;h gbkfBzr# Gkt Bhsh-fBoXkoB eoB tkb/ T[Zu nfXekoh ti'Aj[zdk j?. gfjb/ gZXo #s/ fuVhnK dk d[ZX fbnkT[D s'A b? e/ M'N/ u'D sZes/ fco vzv/-yzv/ yVekT[D s'A b? e/ ;oekoK d/ Mzv/-vzv/ bkT[D sZe d/ ;ko/ezw fJBQK dh pd"bs jh ubd/ jB.

fJ; gZXo #s/ nc;oFkjh dh sFphj ;kpD dh fNZeh Bkb fdZsh ik;edh j?. fi; soQK ;kpD dh fNZeh w?bQ X'Adh-bkj[zdh nyho nkg jh x;iKdh j?, fpbe[b T[; soQK jh nc;oFkjh th nkgD/ nkg B{z jh x;kT[Adhofjzdh j?. fco fi; soQK ;kpD dh fNZeh id'A x; e/ fJzBh S'Nh j' iKdhj? fe jZE ftu BjhA nkT[Adh sK pzdk BthA ;kpD b? nkT[Adk j?. fpbe[bfJ; soQK jh f}fbQnK ftu ekoiekoh nc;oK dhnK pdbhnK seohpB-seohpB fJ; f;XKs #s/ jz[dhnK jB.

T[Zu nfXekoh gZXo #s/ nc;oFkjh dh T[dkjoD @c/no n?Av btbh#eohw dh fNT{p Bkb fdZsh ik ;edh j?. fJ; gZXo #s/ nc;oFkjh dkezw ;oeko dhnK BhshnK xVBk s/ fco chbv ftu T[BQK B{z bkr{eokT[Dk j[zdk j?. fJj tZv/-tZv/ T[Zu nfXekoh ;oekoK B{z uwe-dwed/D ftu fJT[A ;jkJh j[zd/ jB fe fit/A e'Jh eohw w{zj B{z so'-sk}k eoe/BthA uwe s/ ozrs fdzdh j?. go nyho ftu eohw dh fNT{p tKr{z fJjT[Zu nfXekoh th toshd/-toshAd/ foNkfJow?AN d/ B/V/-s/V/ gj[zu e/;ohoe s/ wkBf;e gZy'A yue-fgue iKd/ jB. fco ;/tk ekb g{ok j'D#s/ ;oeko fJBQK B{z th @;G e' nkJh tkohJ/# d/ c[owkB nB[;ko nbftdkefj fdzdh j?. e[M e[ GkrK tkb/ nfij/ th T[Zu nfXekoh j[zd/ jB, fijV/fgueD-fguekT[D d/ pkti{d th ;oft; ftu nkgD/ ;tk;K dh g{zih tXkb?Ad/ jB. nfij/ dw-yw ekfJw oZyD tkb/ nc;oK B{z ;oekoK e[M ;wKj'o tosD dk gq:'iB pDk b?AdhnK jB.

go fJe oZp brdh rZb j'o th j? fe f;oc fJj jh BjhA j? fe ;ko/nc;oK ftu B"eoh-ukeoh eoB eoe/ ew}'ohnK jh g?dk j[zdhnK j'Dl;r'A fJBQK ftu'A pj[fsnK ftu sK oks'-oks noph-cko;h Bk nkT[D d/pkti{d th e[okB fbyD torh neb s/ eZ[ts j[zdh j?. i/ b'V gt/ sK fJjfuZVhnK dk d[ZX th fbnk ;ed/ jB. fco gqwkswk B/ fJBQK B{z nkgDh i{B

331

g{oh eoB s/ n"y/ s'A n"y/ ;w/A ftu fBG ikD dh ;woEk th fdZsh j[zdhj?. fJj ;ot gqtkfBs j? fe eJh-eJh nc;o sK fJzB/ ;woE s/ ekfpbj[zd/ jB fe n;kJhBw?AN p/f;; Gkt fBFfus s"o #s/ fdZs/ rJ/ ezw B{z T[jfJT [ A fBG k fd zd / jB fe fit / A s /Bf} zr B / n ?to ?;N dhu'Nh B{z ;o ehsk ;h.

pfjojkb nyhob/ ;kbK ftu tXdh ephbdkoh d/ ekoB b'e ;/tkdh fposh gfotko ;/tk tZb gfotofss j' iKdh j?. fco w[Zedh ik ojh;oft; d/ ekoB ;fjw Go/ fij/ fynkb pzd/ B{z ;oft; tXkT[D d/ ;pZps/ ;phbK pDkT[D tZb B{z bbkfJs eod/ ofjzd/ jB. fco foNkfJow?AN d/B/V/ fij/ ik e/ eJh nc;o @v?vhe/fNv s/ efwNfNv# Gkt ;wofgs s/tuBpZX b'e ;/tk dh FkB B{z y[d jh fsnkr e/ v'w?;Nhe/fNv Gktxo/b{ ;/tk ns/ d[ekBdkoh tkbh GktBk Bkb B"eoh eoB tZb B{z o[fusj' iKd/ jB.

y?o! fJe pVh ftnzrksfwe fijh XkoBk j? fe fit/A-fit/A fe;/nc;o dh B"eoh d/ ;kb tXd/ iKd/ jB, T[; nB[;ko jh T[; dh ohVQ dhjZvh d/ wDe/ ;kb do ;kb xNd/ iKd/ jB. nkw s"o #s/ fe;/ nc;o dh;oft; d/ 33 ;kb j[zd/ jB s/ ;kvh ohVQ dh jZvh d/ wDe/ th 33 jh j[zd/jB. fJ; bJh jh efjzd/ jB fe foNkfJow?AN #s/ iKdk-iKdk nc;o ohVQdh jZvh ofjs j' iKdk j?. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe T[wo s/siop/ d/ fbjk} Bkb fdwkrh s/ fi;wkBh fJBhFhJ/fNt Gktjoes-jokos xZN iKdh j?.

fco fJj th j[zdk j? fe nyho ftu f;nk;s dh B}o/-wB}{onc;oFkjh id'A b'e ;/tk dhnK gpfbe ;oft; efwFB, okJhN N{fJBcow/FB s/ okJhN N{ ;oft; efwFB fijhnK ;zftXkfBe ;z;EktK d/w?Apo s/ u/now?B pDdh j? sK fJj fJBQK ;z;EktK dhnK T[Zu gqzgoktK s/wfonkdk d/ s[Zb j'D s'A ne;o n;woE j' iKdh j?. nkgD/ nkek-nepKd/ nfj;kBK dk pdbk u[ekT[D dh Bhns s/ ro} d/ ekoB nfijhnc;oFkjh T[usw b'e ;/tk dh wfonkdk fBGkT[D dh EK nkgDhnKf;nk;h soihjK tZb B{z M[ekn yk iKdh j?. fJ; soQK T[wo Go d/ wzB/-gqwzB/ nc;o y[d eJh gZy'A dkrdko j' iKd/ jB ns/ Bkb jh T[j T[Zu-

332

;zftXkfBe ;z;EktK B{z th dkrh pDk fdzd/ jB.

go fco th nyhobh rZb fJj jh j? fe ;kvh nc;oFkjh id'A s'Aj'Ad ftu nkJh j? ns/ yk; s"o #s/ id'A 19thA ;dh d/ nyho ftu fpqfNFoki d/ ;w/A s'A fJj nkgD/ w"i{dk o{g ftu ekfJw j'Jh j?l pZ; T[d'A s'A jhpkdFkjsK, ;bBbsK s/ ;oekoK dk dko'wdko ;kvh fJ; ekfpb s/dwdko nc;oFkjh #s/ jh fojk j?. oZp fJ; b'e ;/tk dh g?i pDkJh oZy/. nkwhB..

333

1 8

v/o/ tkfbnK Bkb w[bQk}/dkoh;zB 1979 s'A j[D sZe gzikp d/ ;zskg d/ w[Zy ekoBK ftu'A fJe ekoB

v/oktkd fojk j? s/ j[D fJj tpkn d/F ftnkgh j' rJh j?. Xow s/Fk;so d/ fJj nbzpodko pkp/ j[D Fo/nkw okiBhsh eoB dh bkb;kgkb oj/ jB. fJBQK d/ Xkofwe gqtuB j[D ukDehnk dh e[fNb okiBhshBkb nZrk-fgZSk x;kT[Ad/ s/ wfVed/ brd/ jB. eJh tko sK fJT[A ikgdkj? fe fit/A fJj efEs Xowh p}[or pkp/ e'Jh Xkofwe iK fe;/ :'rfFto ftu BjhA, ;r'A gkobhw?AN ftu p'b oj/ j'D. fco fi; soQK fJjwjKoEh Bsw;se j'J/ tZv/-tZv/ bhvoK B{z todkB fdzd/ jBl T[; s'A sKfJT[A bZrdk j? fe fit/A fJj pkp/ ;kv/ B/sk-b'eK d/ e[Zb r[o{ jh j'D.gzikp ftu v/oktkd B/ T[j ibt/-ib"n fdykJ/ jB fe gzikp s/gzikphns dh s"pk-s"pk eok fdZsh j?.

j[D th fJj pkp/ Xow d/ BKn #s/ fejVh e'Jh GZdoekoh eo oj/ jB.;kok gzikp s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ jh xoK dhnK seohpB ;kohnK jh shthnK-wkBhnK fJBQK pkfpnK dh FkBh GodhnK fcodhnK jB. okw jh ikD/ fe xo-xo fJzBk gq/w d/ g[ikohnK B/ eh X{VQk X{fVnk j[zdk j? fe ;[nkDhnK v/fonKftu f;o wkodhnK, g'u/ bkT[AdhnK, bzro gekT[AdhnK, GKv/ wKidhnK,pkfpnK d/ uoB go;dhnK s/ bZsK wzvdhnK fcodhnK jB. fco j?okBh dhrZb fJj j? fe n;hA ;ko/ nkgDhnK xo tkbhnK dh j'o e'Jh rZb wzBhJ/ iKwzBhJ/, go id'A T[j ;kXK d/ v/o/ #s/ iKdhnK jB sK nkgK th T[BQK d/ wroj' e/ ;kXK B{z wZE/ N/ed/ s/ G[ZbK pyFkT[Ad/ fcod/ jK. fe;/ FkfJo B/ ;kvhfJ; wkBf;esk #s/ pVk fsZyk ftnzr ehsk j? feL-

fe;/ ;kX d/ v/o/ #s/ t/y ik e/, XZek g?Adk j? T[E/ FoXkb{nK dks/oh w/oh eh g[ZS gqshs J/E/, fJj d"o j? g[of}nK ukb{nK dk

fe;/ th v/o/ dk pkpk f;Zyh dk gquko iK Bkw dk gquko eo/ iK Bkeo/, go fJBQK d/ v/fonK ftu pkfpnK d/ Bkw dk gotkj ubdk ofjzdkj?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fJBQK pkfpnK dh T[;ssh s/ f;csK fJBQK d/ FoXkb{s/ yk; eoe/ ;kvhnK phphnK pE/ok eoh iKdhnK jB. p; id'A th pZ;Ks/ N?Ag{nK ftu p/p/-phphnK B{z dZ[X tkb/ v'b{, cb-co{N s/ gskf;nK d/

334

fbckc/ fbiKdhnK t/y', T[d'A jh ;wM bT[ fe fJZXo B/V/-s/V/ fes/ ;kXdk v/ok j?. ;kvhnK }BkBhnK pkfpnK bJh yhoK s/ wkbg{VQ/ fJT[A b? e/iKdhnK jB fe fit/A pkp/ B/ j[D/-j[D/ jh fes/ dzd eYtkJ/ j'D. T[XopkfpnK d/ v/fonK ftu th fwZmk fJT[A tosdk j? fe fit/A fJBQK B/ b'eKBz{ F{ro d/ wkfjo vkeNoK e'b G/iD dk m/ek fbnk j't/.

fJ; soQK jh sKsfoeK s/ N{Dk-NkwD eoB tkb/ ;kXK d/ v/fonK #s/wkJhnK nkgDhnK B{zjK-XhnK B{z b? e/ @Ugoh e;o# s/ gsk BjhA j'ofejV/-fejV/ o'rK dk fJbki GkbdhnK fcodhnK jB. T[j ;kv/ wjkBf;Zy cb;c/ @;op o'r[ ek nT[yX Bkfw# dh EK pkfpnK d/ g?o X' e/uoB-nzfwqs b?AdhnK BjhA EZedhnK. id'A fe fJj iZr }kfjo ;ZukJh j?fe fizBh d/o wB ;kc BjhA j[zdk, T[BhA d/o fJj ftykt/ dh FoXk s/fJpkds dk dorkfj ftu e'Jh w[Zb BjhA g?Adk. ;r'A f;nkfDnK B/ sK fJ;;pzX ftu ;kv/ fJ; dzGh feodko #s/ pVh gqsZy u'N ehsh j? fe@BQkT[Adh fco/ shoEK #s/ s/o/ nzdo'A w?b Bk ikt/#.

w?A y[d vhH;hH o{gBro ti'A fJe tko nfijk e'Mk B}kok t/fynk ns/:Ek Fesh i[Zsh tkjh, fi; eoe/ e[ZM ;wK sK fJj wkVh n"bh Nbh ojh,go j[D ;[DB ftu nk fojk j? fe pkp/ c/o wZSo/ fcod/ jB. w?A ;'udkjK fe ;kvhnK ;oekoK dh fJj bkukoh pD rJh j? fi; eoe/ T[BQK dhnKB}oK j/m fJj v/o/ e"Vh t/b tKr{z tXd/ jh ik oj/ jB. fJj sKsfoes/ ;kX xoK d/ xo g[ZN oj/ jB. d[ZX-g[Zs dh dks d/D bJh fJj@p{pD/# pZfunK sZe dh pbh uVQk fdzd/ jB. c/o fJj nkg iZs-;Zs d/ eZu/s/ Bkb/ d/ fYZb/ yo{dh gsk BjhA fezBhnK e[ ;ZstzshnK d/ ;Zs Gzr eod/jB. fJ; gqEkfJ eth e?bth dk pVk Y[ZetK ftnzr j?L-

tZv/ ;kXK dh ngo-ngko wfjwkFkjh mkm B/ J/E/ sK u/fbnK d/

jhoK v/o/ ftu uZb-uZb nkT[AdhnK B/oKMk ykJ/ XZe/ j[D feT[A p/fbnK d/

j[D ;'uD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe p/FZe y/s'A nkJ/ pzd/ B{z Ee/tK bkj[DbJh jkVQ-f;nkb B{z BjkT[D tk;s/ xo tkbhnK wkVk-w'Nk sZsk gkDh sK}o{o d/ fdzdhnK jB. go gzikph xoK ftu xo tkb/ d/ g?o x[ZND dk

335

fotki BjhA j?. fco fJzBQK wkJhnK B{z gsk BjhA fe ny"sh pkfpnK d/uoB X' e/ fejVk g[zB fwb iKdk j?< FkfJd r[o{ xo dh ;/tk dh ;kvhXkofwe gqzgok s'A fJbktk fJ; dk tZvk ekoB fJj th j? fe pkfpnK dh;/tk ftu'A T[BQK B{z nkgD/ xo-pko dk ns/ yk; eoe/ nkgD/-nkgD/gsh-d/t s/ pfunK dk d[fBnkth s/ yk; eoe/ f;nk;h efbnkD thfd;dk j?.

y?o! ;w/A d/ Bkb Bkb ;kXK d/ v/fonK #s/ th nkX[fBe ozrs fd;DbZr gJh j? s/ efEs pkp/ th wkvoB j' rJ/ jB. seohpB 50-60 ;kbgfjbK id'A g/Av{ ;wki ;kv/ ;fGnkuko ftu gqXkB ;h sK T[d'A f}nkdksop{pB/ ;kX SV/-SVKr jh j[zd/ ;B, fiBQK pko/ @Bk ozB Bk ezB# fij/ nykDgquZfbs ;B. j'o sK j'o fJBQK d/ f}nkdkso gkS{ bkj"o d/ F"ehB s/ p'M/#u rkioK d/ o{g-o{gKso jh j[zd/ ;B.

j[D fJBQK v/fonK d/ fJj nopKgsh pkp/ oki;h s/ gqFk;eh efbnkDekoh;?ANoK Gkt f;tb ;eZso/s s/ okiBhsh d/ rfbnkfonK d/ th ;ogq;s s/nkXh pD u[e/ jB. w[bk}wK s/ nc;oK dhnK pdbhnK s/ soZehnK sKfJBQK d/ @pkJ/A jZE# dk ezw j?. fJj sK f;nk;h bhvoK B{z okiGkr s/okirZdhnK th gqFkd o{g ftu tzvD d/ ;woE j' u[Ze/ jB. fJ; eoe/fJj e'Jh nuzG/ tkbh rZb BjhA fe nrb/ gzi-d; ;kbK ftu fJBQKv/fonK dk jh eJh okiK ftu okiGkr ekfJw j' ikt/ ns/ fco d/F ftufJBQK v/fonK d/ ;zrmB th w"i{dk f;nk;h rmi'VK tKr{z tko'-tkoh nkgDhoki;Zsk ns/ gqG[;Zsk dk i[rkV eo b?D.

fco fJj rZb j'o th ;wM'A pkjo j? fe ;?e{bo Gkt fBogZyejkT[D tkbhnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK th Xkofwe v/fonK B{z fpqzdkpD d/GrsK tKr{z feT[A g{idhnK fcodhnK jB. fco d{i/ gk;/ @S'N/ whnK ;' S'N/whnK, pV/ whnK ;[GkB nZbQk# d/ eEB nB[;ko Xkofwe ozrD-ozrstkbhnK gkoNhnK fJBQK efEs pkfpnK d/ v/fonK dk Xkw-shoE wksoGqwD eodhnK fcodhnK jB. go j'o th }[bw tkbh rZb fJj j? fefiBQK v/fonK s/ efEs tv/fonK dhnK o;wK-otkfJsK jh ;kv/ r[o{nK s/FjhdK-w[ohdK d/ ihtB \b;\/ s/ f;Zfynk-;zEk s'A e'jK d{o mhe 180fvroh T[bN gk;/ tZb B{z jB, n;hA T[BQK B{z th nkgD/ y;w-y;kJhA wzB

336

oj/ jK.

]?o! gzikp ftu sK nfij/ fdqFN-nfdqFN jkbks pD uZ[e/ jBlfi; eoe/ gzikp ftu ;kohnK gkoNhnK t'NK tk;s/ fJBQK v/fonK dhT[s'A-T[s'A fBzdk-fBy/Xh eoB d/ pkti{d th gqfeowk eodhnK fcodhnKjB. fJb?eFBK ;w/A sK ;kv/ f;o/ d/ wjkB nkr{ fJBQK pkfpnK d[nkb/G"o-GrsK tKr{z wzvokT[Ad/ fcod/ jB ns/ nkgD/ @t'N p?Ae# tXkT[D bJhpkfpnK d/ uoB gq;d/ s/ i'V/ MkVd/ fcod/ jB. j[D/ fij/ j'JhnK ftXkB;Gk dhnK u'DK ftu gzEe nkr{, f;Zy wZs d/ \b;\/ s/ sys ;kfjpkBd/ iE/dkoK d/ nkd/FK B{z fSZe/ Nzr e/ v/fonK s/ jk}oh God/ t/y/ rJ/.T[Xo Xow fBogy gkoNh th oks-poks/ Xow d/ BK s/ t'NK b?DbJh v/o/ s/ u"ehnK Godh fd;h. efjzd/ jB fe pkfpnK B/ th fJBQKu'DK ftu fJ; tkohA pVh f;nkDg Bkb f;nk;h nkr{nK Bz{ fij' fijk w[{zjT[j' fijh ug/V wkoh j?. fJ; nB[;ko fJe-fJe ftXkB ;Gk jbe/w[skfpe pkfpnK B/ nkgD/ B\/-B[e;kB Bz{ wZ[y oZy e/ f;nk;h wzrfsnKBz{ y?o gkJh j?.

fco t'N dh w[Ekih B/ ;kv/ f;nk;h ;wki B{z fJzBk n;{b'A p/n;{b eooZfynk j? fe n;hA bzv/-b[Zu/ u"XohnK B{z th nZpk-nZpk efjzd/ fcod/ jK.@nkg sK v[Zp/ pkjwDK, iiwkB th v'p/# dh ny"s nB[;ko ;kv/ Xkofwes/ oki;h nkr{ nkg sK v[Zp/ jh ;Bl ;r'A e"w B{z th v'pk d/ oj/ jB. nZi;kvh ni'eh ghVQh tb'A nDrfjbh s/ bkgqtkjh d/ ekoB ;kvh ;w[ZuhB"itkB ghVQh dh p/edoh j' ojh j?. fJ; gZy'A ;kv/ B"itkB ;kvh r\bs,nDrfjbh s/ ;kv/ nDikDg[D/ dk fFeko j' e/ BfFnK-gZfsnK s/ j'onXowh-ekfonK d/ gZN/ fcod/ jB.

fJ; fBnko/ fij/ tosko/ ftu f;nk;h gkoNhnK dh jkbs e[M @wBv'b/, w/ok sB v'b/, w/o/ fdb ek r:k eoko o/, :/ e"B pikJ/ pK;[ohnk#torh pDh j'Jh j?. ;w[Zuk gzikp v/fonK tkfbnK dh w[bQk}/dkoh dkekfJb j'fJnk fcodk j?. v/o/ tkfbnK pkfpnK d/ Grs s/ gq/wh gfjbKpkfpnK s'A nkFhotkd b?Ad/ jB s/ fco f;nk;h gkoNhnK Bkb t'NK tk;s/jZE fwbkT[Ad/ jB. f;nk;h pzfdnK B{z th gsk jh j? fe fiXo pkp/ j' rJ/pZ; u'D gquko T[Xo tZb B{z jh j' iKdk j?. fco i/ fes/ pkp/ e'Jh

337

b?D-d/D torh e'Jh w[bQk}/dkoh g[rk e/ fe;/ f;nk;h pzd/ d/ f;o #s/nkgDk t'NK Gfonk jZE oZy jh d/D sK T[; dhnK g"A pkoK j' iKdhnK jB.v/oktkd dk th fJj e'Mk gquZbD j? fe T[j th brdh tkj ed/ ;ohAd s/ed/ nzdoyks/ @B'N p?AeK# d/ wkfJnk d/ tZv/-y[Zb/Q o[Zr b? e/ f;nk;h pzfdnKs/ gkoNhnK B{z nkgD/ FoXkb{nK d/ @t'N p?AeK# dhnK t'NK d/ rZc/ toskfdzd/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJ fe;/ ftnzreko B/ fejk j? feL-

fiZs ikJ/ T[j ed/ jkodk BjhAihjB{z pkfpnK fdZsh n;h; j[zdh

fJ; soQK d/ e'M/ ibt/ ed/ SfVnK d/ pdBkw ftjfVnK ftu j[zd/;B, fiBQK pko/ @e"Vh fBzw B{z gsk;/ brd/ ftjV/ SfVnK d/# tor/nykD gquZfbs j[zd/ ;B. j[D f;nk;h pzfdnK s/ pkfpnK dofwnkB nfij/oks-pokshA j'J/ ;wM"s/ ;kv/ nfij/ b'e-ftnzrK dhnK eNk]F-eNkohnKB{z ibtkro eod/ jB.

;kohnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK pkfpnK Bkb fgSb/ eJh fuoK s'A w/b-fwbkg s/ w[bkeksK eo ojhnK jB. fJBQK w/b-fwbkgK ftu fJBQKgkoNhnK dh jkbs @fwb' Bk s[w s' fdb xpokJ/, fwb' s' nKy u[oKJ/,jw/A :/ e:k j' r:k j?# torh pDh j'Jh j?. tZv/-tZv/ f;nk;h nkr{pkfpnK e'b nkgD/ tZv/-tZv/ B[wkfJzd/ J/buhnK tKr{z G/i e/ T[BQK dhwBFk-w[pkfoe ikBD dh e'fFF eo oj/ jB. iBsk th ;G e[MikDd/-p[Md/ j'J/ th @s/b d/y, s/b dh Xko d/y# dh Bhsh nB[;ko uZb ojhj?. fJ; soQK n;hA b'eszsoh gqzgoktK d/ T[bN pdBhsh ftu'A okiBhshbZG oj/ jK. go ;zihdrh Bkb ;'uD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe i/ okiBhshftu fJj pdBhsh nk rJh sK b'eszsoh gqDkbh dk eh pD/rk< i' e[Mf;nk;h jbfenK ftu tkgo fojk j?, T[; s'A sK fJj ikgdk j? fe T[j;wK d{o BjhA fe id'A v/o/ tkb/ pkp/ f;nk;s ftu g{oh soQK Sk ikDr/s/ v/o/ d/ FoXkb{ jh nkgDhnK t}kosK pDkfJnk eoDr/.

fco fJE/ fJe rZb j'o th eoB tkbh j? fe id'A e[M ;oekopdbdh j? sK T[j nkT[D tkbh ;oeko tk;s/ y}kBk ykbh eo iKdh j?,go j?okBh dh rZb j? fe id'A pkp/ ubkDk eod/ jB sK nkgD/T[sokfXekoh tk;s/ eo'VK-nopK d/ }yho/ s/ y}kB/ SZv iKd/ jB.

338

fBo;zd/j v/fonK dhnK ikfJdkdK fgS/ ekBz{Bh bVkJh s'A b? e/ c"idkohsZe d/ e/; j[zd/ jB. fJE/ f;oc fJBQK jh efjD s/ ;wMD dh b'V j? fefezBk th uzrk j't/ fe ;oekoK fJBQK ;z;ko'A e{u ehs/ pkfpnK d/ v/fonKdh Bkwh s/ p/Bkwh }whB-ikfJdkd ns/ nDn?bkfBnk ;'Bk, uKdh, jho/,itkjoks s/ o[gfJnk-g?;k rohpK tk;s/ j;gskb, ;e{b y'bQD s/ j'oo'}rko d/ ;kXB w[jJhnk eokT[D tk;s/ nkgD/ jZE ftu b? b?D, sK febZyK-eo'VK rohpK dk Gbk j' ;e/. pfjojkb @fwbhnB vkbo# GktB"Aby/ jko tKr{z bZyK o[gJ/ dk ehwsh gqFB fJj th j? fe fJBQK ;kXK d/dtko #s/ yVQhnK s/ y[d t'NK dh wdd wzrD tkbhnK ;oekoK fJBQK Bz{j[ew fet/A d/ ;edhnK jB< FkfJd fJ; tk;s/ jh e"w B{z @B/j-ebzehntsko# d/ nkT[D dh nk;-T[whd j?.

go iZr ikDdk j? fe fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp d/ ;kjwD/ nfij/rzGho w;b/ jB, i' fe c"oh jZb wzrd/ jB ns/ fJBQK ftu pdBhsh dhokiBhsh dh e'Jh feDek wkso th r[zikfJF BjhA j?. n;hA nkgD/ nkuoDdhnK ew}'ohnK s/ Fy;hnsh ]kwhnK bJh nkgD/ nkb/ d[nkb/ B{z f}zw/tkomfjokT[D d/ pV/ nkdh jK. fco n;hA nkgD/ nzdo Mksh wko e/ fJjBjhA t/yd/ fe ;kB{z r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ FjhdK-w[ohdK s'A fezBh nwhoftok;s fwbh j?. go n;hA f;Zy f;XKsK s'A fEVe e/ v/oktkd d/ fgZSbrpD oj/ jK. fJj ;G e[ZM @Fpd r[o{# d/ wjkB f;XKs s'A fpbe[b T[bNj' fojk j?. ;r'A j[D sK n;hA ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh jk}oh ftu thfJBQK v/o/ tkb/ pkfpnK d/ g?ohA jZE bk oj/ jK. fco j'o th nc;'; dhrZb fJj j? fe j[D sK gzikp s/ gzikphnK dh ejkDh j[D sK ftrV e/fJj pD u[eh j? fe fJBQK ny"sh pkfpnK B{z nBzd-gq;zB eoB bJh ;zrsK;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh j}{oh ftu frZX/-GzrV/ gk ojhnK jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu f}eo:'r j? fe id'A th ed/ n;hA nkgD/ ;fGnkukos/ ;z;feqsh dh j' ojh d[orsh dh rZb eod/ jK sK n;hA ne;o jh efjzd/jK fe w[rbK s/ nzro/}K B/ ;kvh ;fGnsk s/ ;z;feqsh dk Bk; wko e/;kvh e"w B{z gZN fdZsk j?l go n;hA nkgD/ fro/pkB ftu Mksh wko e/BjhA d/yd/ fe n;hA ;dkuko s/ ;fGnkuko d/ gZy'A nkgD/-nkg jh nkgDhe"w B{z ^?o-w[beh j[ewoktK s'A fes/ tZX gZfNnk j?. fJ; bJh jh sK j[Dpj[s/ ftukotkB b'eK B/ jZe-pikBp tkip s"o #s/ fJj efjDk F[o{ eo

339

fdZsk j? fe ;kv/ nkgD/ oki Bkb'A sK nzro/}K dk oki jh uzrk ;h.

fJj rb ;" jZE oZ;k, f;o/ #s/ rzY tkbh j? fe w"i{dk d"o ftu ;kv/Xkofwe, oki;h nkr{nK s/ yk; eoe/ fJ; v/oktkd d/ u"XohnK B/ ;kB{zfJ; w[ekw #s/ fbnk e/ yVQk eo fdZsk j? fe j[D ;kB{z @Fpd r[o{# s/@;fsr[o{# dh UBh nfjwhns s/ }o{os BjhA ojh, fizBh fe fJBQK @v/fonKd/ pkfpnK# dh w[Szdrh s/ y[Fkwd eoB dh b'V ;kB{z g? ojh j?. pZ; ;wkid/ j[D fJBQK ftrV/ B?fse jkbksK ftu jwksV ;kEh sK nodk; eoBi'r/ jh jK fe oZp e"w B{z ;[wZs pyF/.

340

1 9

whfNzr p[bkU-ew/Nh pDkUfe;/ ;wki ftu ofjzd/ b'eK dk tXhnk oki s/ tXhnk ;oeko dk

;zebg e[dosh s/ ;dhth j?. fJ; tk;s/ tXhnk gqFk;eh gqDkbh s/tXhnk gqFk;B e[M uzr/ oki/-okfDnK s'A b? e/ ;oekoK dk fBFuk s/fBFkBk oj/ jB. go fJj th pj[s jh xZN j'fJnk j? fe fe;/ th;w/A e'Jh ftt;Ek b'eK dhnK T[whdK #s/ g{oh yoh T[soh j't/. FkfJdfJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe ykfjFK dk sK e'Jh nzs jh BjhA jz[dkl go jo;oeko s/ T[; dh ekoi gqDkbh jw/FK w/u-pzfBnK d/ nzdo ;hws j[zdhj?. fJ; bJh eh j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ eh j' fojk j?< dk dofwnkBhck;bk jw/FK jh T{DskJhnK s/ nb'uBktK dk ;pZp pfDnk j?.

go fJj th jehes j? fe fiT[A-fiT[A Fk;eK dh nkgD/ b'eK gqsh;zt/dBk xNdh rJh j?l T[; Bkb fBi-;[nkoE tfXnk j?. fJ; ;{os ftugo-;[nkoE s/ b'e ;/tk dh GktBk B{z id'A-id'A y'ok fgnk j?l T[d'A-T[d'Ajh iBsk B/ tk-t/bk yVQk ehsk j?. fJ; ektK-o"bh tor/ wkj"b B{z FKseoB bJh gqFk;fBe nfXekohnK B/ jw/FK jh feb/Qpzdh s/ ftT[Aspzdhehsh j?. nfijh ftT[Aspzdh sfjs ni'e/ ;w/A dhnK ;oeko/-dopkowhfNzrK dk gqubD f}eo:'r j?. fJj whfNzrK tZy-tZy gZXo ns/ tZy-tZy ftGkrK s/ w[ZfdnK Bkb ;pzXs j[zdhnK jB. y?o! whfNzrK dhnKFq/DhnK s/ w[Zd/ Gkt/A fezB/ jh j'Dl go e[b fwbk e/ whfNzrK d/ tosko/ dkseohpB Bshik fJe' fijk jh j[zdk j?. T[j fJj fe e'Jh nfijk @pzBQ;[G# ehsk ikt/ fe o"bk-oZgk fNe-fNek ikt/. ;' Bshi/ ti'A p/FZe e[Mjoes s/ ekotkJh sK }o{o j[zdh j?l go nkw s"o #s/ nkfyo B{z bko/-bZg/ fij/ ibftnK dk jh ib"n t/yD B{z fwbdk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu w[Zy s"o #s/ fszB fe;w dhnK whfNzrK f}eo:'rjB. gfjbhnK o?r{bo whfNzrK j[zdhnK jBl fijVhnK ;pzXs wfjefwnKs/ eowukohnK dh ekor[}koh dk w[bkj}k eoB bJh ;w/A-pZX sohe/Bkb jo gzdotkV/ iK wjhB/ j[zdhnK jB.

fJBQK whfNzrK dk th B}kok t/yD tkbk j[zdk j?. ;hBhno nfXekohd/ ;kjwD/ itkpd/j eowukohnK tZb'A G/ih ekor[}koh fog'oN j[zdh j?.

341

gqh}kJhfvzr nc;o iK T[; d/ wB'-Bhs nc;o tZb'A g[ZSfrZS j[zdh j?.itkp ftu itkpd/j nfXekoh nkgDh ckJhb #s/ fbyh nkgD/ dcsotZb'A fbyh sfjoho iK nzeV/ gVQ fdzdk j?.

feZ;k w[ys;o! BK g[ZSD tkb/ dh fsnkoh s/ BK dZ;D tkb/ dh e'JhftT[Aspzdh j[zdh j?. Bshik fJj j[zdk j? fe e'Nbk-Sgkeh y/v tKre'Nbk-o{gh g[ZSfrZS dk p/n;o fijk f;bf;bk tko'-tkoh nZr/ s[odkofjzdk j?. id'A nfij/ efEs ftuko-tNKdo/ dk r/V ysw j'D B{z j[zdk j?sK ;G s'A }o{oh wZd @ukj-gkDh# d/ o{g ftu gqrN j[zdh j?. fJ; b'VhAdhokjs ;dek ;hBhno nfXekoh tb'A ;G fejk-;[fDnk gzikph d/ nykDtkdVhnK ;ikdVhnK fBZGD f;oK d/ Bkb tKr fBG iKdk j?. y?o! fiBQKdh fyukJh j'Jh j[zdh j?, T[j th @d' gJhnK ft;o rJhnK ;de/ w/oh Y{Jhd/# efj e/ p[Zsk ;ko b?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK whfNzr d/ wkj"b dk wkVk-w'NksDkn ekc{o pD e/ T[Zv iKdk j?. nfijhnK whfNzrK gqXkBrh nc;o tb'A;G B{z nr/ s'A tXhnk ezw eoB dh skehd s/ jdkfJsBkw/ Bkb ns/ d{i/gkf;UA eowukohnK tZb'A GftZy ftu nkgDh ekoir[}koh ;[XkoB d/tknfdnK Bkb @fco fwbKr/# efj e/ ysw j' iKdhnK jB.

d{ih F/qDh dhnK toQ/-fSwkjh whfNzrK e[M e[ ;zihdk fe;w dhnKj[zdhnK jB. fw;kb ti'A jVQ o'e{ gqpzXK, e"wh fdjkV/ iK w/b/-fsT[jkowBkT[D ;pzXh whfNzrK ;kb-fSwkjh pknd jh j[zdhnK jB. fJBQK ftuew/NhnK pDdhnK jB s/ ezw ;pzXh f}zw/tkohnK fBFfus eoB T[gozsnfXekohnK dhnK fvT{NhnK bZrdhnK jB. fJBQK whfNzrK ftu beho d/ceho ti'A ;ko/ ;pzXs wfjefwnK d/ nfXekoh fgSb/ ;kb dh so} #s/whfNzr dh ekotkJh d/ gkso pDd/ jB. Bk e'Jh ;[Mkn fdzdk j? s/ Bkjh e'Jh ;[Mkn b?D dh b'V ;wMdk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu c"ihnK dh whfNzr dk f}eo eoBk :'r j't/rk feT[E/ whfNzr ftu p?m/ i{Bhno nc;oK B{z gfjbK g[ZfSnk iKdk j? fe T[BQKtZb'A eh ;[Mkn j?< feT[Afe fJj ;wfMnk iKdk j? fe Bt/A nc;o dh BthA;'u j[zdh j?. go f;tb nfXekohnK dhnK whfNzrK ftu i{Bhno B{z nkws"o #s/ @eZbQ dh G{sBh f;ftnK #u nZX# d/ nykD w[skpe p'bD jh BjhAfdZsk iKdk. pZ; gqh}kJhfvzzr nc;o @tZB w?B nkowh# tKr{z j[ew SZvdk

342

ofjzdk j?.

fJj whfNzrK p/FZe gfjbh F/qDh dhnK whfNzrK Bkb'A e[M e[ tZXBshike[B j[zdhnK jB. go i' fJe X[zB s/ fJe ;[o ;[BD B{z fwbdh j?lT[j fJj j[zdh j? fe fgSb/ ;wkrw d/ yofunK dh d/Ddkoh pkeh j?. fJ;tk;s/ i{Bhno nfXekoh fJj ydFk }kfjo eod/ jB fe fJ; ;kb thczv} dh b/N nkwd s/ xkN d/ ekoB fJzs}kwK ftu ewh ofj ;edh j?.go gqqXkBrh nc;o th nkw s"o #s/ siop/eko ebkeko j[zd/ jB. T[jn}wkJ/ B[;y/ tKr{z nkgDk B[esk-B}o ;pzfXs nfXekohnK B{z cVk fdzd/jB. T[BQK dk efjDk j[zdk j? fe w?B{z BjhA gskl w?A th sK gfjbK ofj u[Ze/nfXekoh d/ ;w/A dk pekfJnk eo}k bkj fojk jK. fJT[A jh w/o/ ;w/A dkpekfJnk e'Jh w/ok T[ZsoknfXekoh d/ d/t/rk. go i/ s[;hA e'Jh fYZb-wZmfdykJh sK nkgDk fbfynk-gfVQnk gfjbK ftuko b?Dk. c/o Bk efjDkfe w?A s[jkv/ Bkb e'Jh ;ysh ehsh j?.

]?o! whfNzr ftu e'Jh x[;o-w[;o eoB s'A tZX BjhA p'bdk. gopkjo ik e/ fgZm fgZS/ gqXkB ih dh y{p n?;h-s?;h c/oh iKdh j? fe fJ;B{z nkT[Adk-iKdk eZy BjhA, Bk fe;/ dh ;[Dd? Bk frDd?. pZ; nkgD/-nkgB{z czB/ yK ;wMd?. f;oc s;ZbhpyF rZb fJj j[zdh j? fe fpZbh d/ rbe'Jh xzNh BjhA pzBdk. T[Xo d{i/ gk;/ ;oekoh ;wkrwK dk t/r jh fJzBke[ j[zdk j? fe fe;/ B{z ;[os ;zGkbD dk e'Jh tes jh BjhA fwbdk ns/ekoi uzrk-wkVk B/go/ uVQ iKdk j?.

sh;oh Fq/Dh dhnK whfNzrK nkw s"o #s/ pj[s rzGho s/ c"oh fe;wdhnK jz[dhnK jB. fJj ne;o bkn n?Av nkovo w[sbek j[zdhnK jB.fit/A fe nzro/}h dk fJe w[jktok j? fe @}o{os sK niBph Bkb thwzik-fp;sok ;KMk eotk fdzdh j?. pZ; fJ; soQK jh fJBQK whfNzrK ftu;kok gqFk;B s/ yk; s"o #s/ ;ko/ w?fi;Nq/N s/ g[fb; d/ nfXekoh f;oi'V e/ p?md/ jB. fJj whfNzrK nkw u'DK, fe;/ n?ihN/FB, c/o fe;/Xkofwe ib;/-ib{; iK g[fb; dh fjok;s ftu fe;/ dh w"s fij/ ;zrhBw;fbnK s'A T[sgB j'JhnK j[zdhnK jB. fJ; bJh nfijhnK rzGho;fEshnK Bkb fBgND s/ nwB ekB{zB dh pjkbh fJBQK whfNzrK dk w[Zywe;d j[zdk j?.

343

fJ; ftu e'Jh FZe BjhA fe fJBQK whfNzrK ftu pV/ p'Mb fij/ftuko-tNKdo/ j[zd/ jB. yk; s"o #s/ i/ whfNzr ftu oki;h gkoNhnK iK;pzXs ndkfonK s/ n?;';hJ/FBK d/ B[wkfJzd/ th Gkr b? oj/ j'D sK whfNzrdk wkj"b gko/ tKr fEoedk j? ns/ ne;o jh ed/ row ed/ ;od j[zdkofjzdk j?. wkV/-XhV/ vhH;hH s/ g[fb; egskB dh sK T[d'A p'bsh pzd j'JhgJh j[zdh j?. fJj whfNzr eh j[zdh j?l pZ; ;wM' nc;oK dh Fkws jh j[zdhj?. nfijhnK whfNzrK ftu ;wkB-nzso fXoK dhnK nZyK jh nZyK fturZbK j[zdhnK jB ns/ d{i/ gk;/ nb'dB pzd/ nkg; ftu @gZbk wko e/ p[MkrJh dhtk s/ nZy Bkb rZb eo rJh# tKr nZy-wNZek jB.

nyho ftu Gkt/A ekotkJh sK ;oeko d/ fJFkfonK nB[;ko jh j[zdhj?. go f}bQ/ ftu ;w/A dh B}kse B{z d/yd/ j'J/ t/bk ;zGkbD ti'A c"oBs"o #s/ pkjo'A g[o-T[whd s/ nzdo'A bko/-bZg/ s/ nZvh-NZg/ torh ekor[}kohn;o-nzdk} j[zdh j?. c/o fJ; soQK whfNzr ftu ekB{zB nB[;ko w?foN d/nkXko #s/ g{ok-g{ok fJB;kc d/D-fdtkT[D d/ tknd/ j[zd/ jB. fJ; d/Bkb jh dog/F w;b/ B{z fJei[ZN j' e/ ;KMh fJZSk Fesh s/ f;nkDgGoG{o T[Zdw-T[gokb/ Bkb BfiZmD bJh whfNzr dk o"An-o[] pDdk j?.fJ; wzst f;ZXh bJh b'V nB[;ko fJe iK fJe s'A tZX ew/NhnK pDdhnKjB. ew/Nh B{z fJBe[nkfJoh eoe/ nkgDhnK f;ckfoFK ;fjs gVskbhnkfog'oN g/F eoB bJh ;wK fBFfus ehsk iKdk j?. e;N'vhnb v?ZE Gktg[fb; fjok;s ftu w"s fij/ w;fbnK ftu fiE/ b'eK d/ B[wkfJzd/ xZN-tZX jh fjZ;k b?Ad/ jBl T[E/ w?fi;Nq/Nh iKu s/ e[skjhekoK dh s[ozs n;o;fjs w[nZsbh d/ j[ew Skg/ iKd/ jB.

fJ; ;koh ekor[}koh ;pzXh nzfsqw fog'oN @r'oh dhnK MKioK tKrSDekN/ gkT[Adh# s[ozs ;oeko tZb B{z w/bQdh iKdh j?. nzsoekb ftu j'DtkbhnK whfNzrK dk e[Zb fwbk e/ @whfNzr-JhfNzr-uhfNzr# Gkt fwb-p?m',ykU-ghU s/ vzr NgkT[ fijh ekor[}koh dk w{zj-wZEk pDdk j?. T[ZXonzfsqw fog'oN nB[;ko ;oeko tb'A fe;/ p[bko/ dk fpnkB nypkoKdhnk ;[oyhnK pDdk j?. ;oeko tZb'A b'eK B{z nkg;h GkJhukok pDkJhoZyD dh g[[o}'o nghb d/ Bkb-Bkb nwB-ekB{zB Gzr eoB tkfbnK d/jZv ;/eD dh fBzwh fijh Ne'o wkso fusktBh th j[zdh j?.

344

oZp Bk eo/ fe i/ e'Jh w;bk dhoxekbh pD ikt/ sK whfNzrK dkf;bf;bk fco oki gZXo #s/ F[o{ j' iKdk j?. fco tZvh gZXo #s/ @whfNzrp[bkU s/ ew/Nh pDkU# dk fuo ekb s'A n}wkfJnk gqFk;eh ckow{bkngDkfJnk iKdk j?, i' fe wZ[Y edhw s'A j[D sZe fBozso ekoro f;ZXj' fojk j?. go j[D sK w;bk tZvk j't/ Gkt/A w;bk S'Nk j't/, whfNzrp[bkT[D s/ ew/Nh fpmkT[D dk xfVnk-xVkfJnk nkd/F ;oeko s/gqFk;B bJh @okw pkD# jh pD frnk j?. pZ; fe;/ th w;b/ B{z BfiZmDtk;s/ ne;o jh tZvhnK-tZvhnK whfNzrK j[zdhnK jB s/ e'Jh jZb bZGDdh pikJ/ fJbkjh c?;bk p; ew/Nh fpmkT[D sB jh ;hws j' iKdk j?.

w"i{dk ;w/A ftu ;oeko s/ gqFk;B dh fe;/ w;b/ B{z jZb eoB tk;s/fJZSk Fesh s/ fco nkgD/ c?;fbnK B{z fdqVQsk Bkb bkr{ Bk eoB dh xkNdk Fo/nkw w[}kjok j' fojk j?. p/FZe ;kv/ efbnkDekoh oki s/ gqFk;Bftu ;kvhnK whfNzrK dk wB'oE s/ wzst sK b'e GbkJh jh j[zdk j?. gor?o }o{oh whfNzrK p[bkT[D s/ ew/NhnK pDkT[D fgZS/ ;kvk we;d fe;/w;b/ B{z NkbD dk jh j[zdk j?. fco ne;o jh fJj ;G toskok t'N p?AeKB{z pN'oB s/ ekfJw oZyD dh Bhns-pdBhns #s/ nXkfos j[zdk j?. gonZi b'V j? fe ;oeko s/ gqFk;B n?t/A whfNzrK s/ ew/NhnK pDkT[D d/@w;kfbnK ftu p/b'Vk s/b Bk c{eD#l ;r'A f;ZX/-gZXo/ s"o #s/ we;d-ws;pdh rZb eod/ j'J/ b'e ;/tk d/ gqshe ndko/ b'e GbkJh fjZs :'rc?;b/ b?D ns/ nkgD/ c?;fbnK B{z fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh Bkb bkr{ eoB.

345

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p/-noE j' u[Ze/ FpdwB[Zyh GktBktK s/ gqfefonktK d/ gqrNkt/ dk ;kXB Fpd jh j[zd/

jB. go fJBQK dk noE Gog{o j'Dk iK p/noE s/ p/wsbp j'Dk f;ZX/ s"o#s/ fJBQK FpdK dk gq:'r eoB tkb/ fe;/ ftnesh dh GktBk #s/ fBoGoeodk j?. i/ e'Jh nkdwh fe;/ Fpd dh nkswk s/ Fesh B{z ;wM/ fpBkgq:'r eodk j? sK T[; d/ ftuko pV/ y'yb/ fij/ j'Dr/. fJ; d/ T[bNfijV/ Fpd wB[Zyh GktBktK #s/ gfjok fdzd/ jB, T[j Fpd ed/ ew}'os/ p/wkfJB/ BjhA jz[d/.

go ;kvk nZi dk ;wki s/ yk; s"o #s/ gqFk;fBe ;wki e[M sKnkgD/ fwnkoh feodko dh nDj'Ad eoe/ ns/ e[M go;[nkoE dh xkNeoe/ f;oc nkgDh p'b-pkDh B{z jh BjhAl ;r'A nkgDh ;w[Zuh Fy;hnsB{z th p/wsbp s/ p/b'Vk fijk pDk fojk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ ;wki ftu yoQhrZb efjD tkbk yoQk pzdk FkfJd GkbD #s/ th Bk fwb/. ;r'A ;kv/ ;wkiftu ;kv/ pj[s/ Fpd s/ ftuko ;kv/ nzdo nwbh gfogZesk Bk j'D eoe/ftyktk wkso bkok-bZgk jh pD rJ/ jB. fw;kb ti'A g?oK B{z uoB efje/ ftnesh-ftF/FK B{z p/BshnK eod/ jB fe ;kv/ xo uoB gkU. gozs{i/ d{i/ gk;/ d/fynk ikt/ sK fJ; ftu ukgb{;h s'A tZX e[ZM th BjhA j[zdkfeT[Afe d[BhnKdkoK d/ g?oK tk;s/ s/ T[j th @fpnkJhnK gkN/# g?oK tk;s/uoB Fpd dk fJ;s/wkb fe;/ jkbs ftu BjhA iudk. ;r'A uoB sK;Zuw[Zu jh gj[zu/ j'J/ wjKg[oFK s/ ;zsK d/ j[zd/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh ne;o jh ;kv/ ;wki ftu nj[d/dkoK B{z fwbD ;w/AdoFB eoB nkJ/ jK tor/ Fpd tos/ iKd/ jB, id'A fe doFB iK sKr[o{ d/ j[zd/ jB s/ iK r[o{ xo ftu ;zrs d/ j[zd/ jB. fco f;nk;h b'eKs/ nc;oK B{z d[nk-;bkw eoB t/b/ @g?ohA g?Dk# Fpd nkw jh tofsnkiKdk j?l id'A fe ;ZukJh fJj j? fe fijV/ pzd/ fJ; soQK tZv/ pzfdnK B{zw[ykfsp j[zd/ jB, T[j n;b ftu nkgD/ wK-fgU B{z th ed/ jh wZEkN/ed/ jB. nfij/ pzd/ id'A fes/ g?ohA g?Dk efjzd/ jB sK w?A jw/Fk T[BQKB{z fJj jh efjzdk jK fe @GkJh g?ohA g? iK Bk g?n, xZN' xZN rb BkgJhA#! tZv/ o[sp/-w[oksp/ tkfbnK B{z b'e ne;o ro} d/ wko/ ftyktk

346

wkso jh r'vhA-uoBh bZr oj/ j[zd/ jB.fJ; soQK jh nZi eZbQ @wjkB# Fpd dh pj[s d[otos'A j' ojh j?.

;kvhnK f;nk;h ;N/iK #s/ ;?whBkoK sZe jkoh-;koh ;G jwksV ;kEhnKB{z wjkB Fy;hns fejk iKdk j?. jkb/ eZbQ dh rZb j? fe ;kv/ ftdtkBb/ye vkH ;o{g f;zx nbZr w?B{z F[G fJZSktK d/D ti'A efj oj/ ;B @@s[;hAe"w d/ fuzse j'D ti'A wjkB Fy;hns j'l gqwkswk s[jkB{z ;wki ;/tk dhj'o th s"\he pyF/.## T[BQK dhnK GktBktK bJh w?A F[Zeor[}ko jK,go w?A ;'udk jK fe T[BQK B/ oZp B{z T[go'es nodk; eoB t/b/ w/ok BKnsK fbnk BjhA. fJ; tk;s/ fes/ fJj GkDk Bk tos ikJ/ fe nekbg[oy tkfjr[o{ w?B{z :'rsk d/ nXko #s/ nDr"fbnk eoe/ ;Zuh-w[ZuhA fe;/j'o wjkB Fy;hns B{z Bk fBtki d/t/. y?o! fJ; rZb dk wsbp sK fJzBKjh j? fe fJe-d{i/ B{z f;oc ftyktk wkso wjkB efjDkl pZ;fJe-d{i/ dh skoh\ eoB s/ ukgb{;h ti'A nkg; ftu ezv y[oeD fijhjh ekotkJh j?.

nfij/ ftykt/-fdykt/ wkso @cZN/ uZe# ekotkJhnK dk ;kv/ ;ko/;oekoh s/ r?o ;oekoh ndkfonK ftu nkw gfouZbD j?. yk; s"o #s/;wki ftu f;nk;h skes s/ gqFk;fBe w[okspk oZyD tkb/ b'eK #s/iBsk iBkodB dhnK nk;K-T[whdK bZrhnK j[zdhnK jB. b'eK B{z fJe Bkw[ZeD tkbh T[whd j[zdh j? fe b'e fjZs s/ b'e ;/tk dk nkgDk w[Ybk co}fBGkT[D ykso nfXekoh i' efjzd/ jBl T[j eo fdykT[Dr/. go nc;';fe fJj co} fBGkT[D dk uwseko p; nuBu/sh ed/-edkJhA jh, fe;/jkd;/ wkso jh tkgodk j?.

jo fe;/ B/ t/fynk j? fe id'A dcsoK ftu gqkoEh e'Jh wzr-cfonkdb? e/ iKd/ jB sK nc;oK tb'A jo no}h-fuZmh T[go n?B$J/ Gkt B;?;ohn?eFB dk j[ew ukVQ fdZsk iKdk j?. dojehes nZi eZbQ n?B$J/ B{z p;B' n?eFB jh ;wfMnk ik ;edk j? feT[Afe nfXekoh T[; gZso B{z ckon?B$J/ Gkt B;?Z;oh n?eFB fby e/ j/mb/ nfXekohnK Bz{ wkoe eo fdzdkj?. gqkoEh d/ fujo/ #s/ T[d'A e[M tesh fijk fJe ib"n Mbedk j?feT[Afe T[; dh j[D ;[DtkJh j' rJh j? s/ T[; B{z j[D fJB;kc }o{o fwb/rk. j[D dcsoh fuZmh-gZso B{z wkoe eoB dh fJj o;wh fijh ekotkJhX'ph tb'A eZgV/ B{z wkoek bkT[D Bkb j{-p-j{ w/b ykD br gJh j?.

347

gqFk;fBe ekotkJh ftu @vkT{B wkofezr# dh etkfJd d/ ekoBfe;/ Bshi/ sZe gj[zuD bJh xZN'-xZN d' wjhB/ dk ;wK bZr iKdk j?. eJhtko sK id'A c?;bk b?D dk ;woE nfXekoh oki gZXo dk j[zdk j? sKfJzBk bzwk bZr iKdk j? fe T[j p/Bsh gZso id'A c?;b/ ;fjs w[Vdk j? sKT[d'A sZe iK sK fFekfJs ysw j' iKdh j? s/ e[M e[ e/;K ftu sKfFekfJseosk jh uVQkJh eo iKdk j?.

p/FZe pj[s/ e/;K ftu w[Zy wzsoh d/ dcso s'A b? e/ j/mK sZe ;ko/ tZv/-S'N/ o[sfpnK d/ nfXekoh Gkt g"Vh d/ j/mb/ vzv/ sZe ;ko/ jh gqkoEh tZb'A;/tk-gkDh, w[Zmh-ukgh s/ w[Zmh row eoB sZe fdykJh FoXk GktBknB[;ko jh nkgD/ nc;o tZb'A fby/ n?B$J/ d/ noE bZGD dh e'fFF eod/jB. y?o! i/ ukj-gkDh ftu e[ZM ewh B}o nkT[Adh j't/ sK nyho ftuBshik fJj fBebdk j? fe ;ko/ nfXekoh s/ eowukoh T[; n?BH J/H Gkt@:'r ekotkJh fjZs# d/ nkd/F B{z B' n?eFB Gkt fe;/ ekotkJh dh b'VBk j?l ;wMd/ jB. fco j'o th nc;';Bke rZb fJj j[zdh j? fe T[; s'Apknd @;hB n?Av ckJhb# fby e/ Gkt nc;o B/ t/y fbnk j?l ckJhb eo'd/ nc;oh nkd/F ukVQ e/ gqkoEh d/ fpB/ gZso dh d[odFk w[ezwb eofdZsh iKdh j?.

fJ; soQK FpdK B{z p/noE pDkT[D ftu nzro/}K tZb'A ;kB{z fdZs/ rJ/gqFk;fBe YKu/ nB[;ko T[go s'A j/mK sZe ;koh nc;oFkjh ekoro f;ZXj' ojh j?. fJe f}bQ/ ftu ekB{zB nXhB seohpB jo soQK BkbFesh-;zgzB vhH;hH s/ nr/ gNtkoh s/ eboe sZe nzro/}h oki dh d/Dj?. go fJ; d/D fgZS/ T[; dh GktBk e'Jh e'nkgo/fNt noEks ;fjekosktkbh BjhA ;hl ;r'A fJ; fgZS/ nzro/} dh e'Mh GktBk fJj ;h fe @;?ZNJ/ Ehc N{ e?u J/ Ehc# Gkt fJe u'o dh fBrokBh-B}o;kBh bJh d{iku'o bk fdT[. nzro/} dh fJ; GktBk sfjs ekoiF?bh B{z j[D n;hA nkgD/w[skfpe fcZN eoe/ fJ; gqDkbh B{z @u'oK B{z w'o# g?D torh ejkts d/nB[;ko pDk fbnk j?.

fJE/ efoFB uzdo dh ;Zm-;Zso ;kb gfjbK gqFk;fBe ekor[}koh#s/ fbyh ejkDh nZi j'o th cpdh j?. T[; ejkDh dk ;kozF fJj ;h fefJe tko MZyV Bkb vhH;hH dcso d/ jks/ ftu ikwD dk doys fvZr

348

fgnk, fi; j/m e'Jh pzdk nk frnk. fJ; tk;s/ p; T[go s'A EZb/ sZenwb/-c?b/ dk jo tZvk-S'Nk eowukoh joes ftu nk frnk. vhH;hH B/s[ozs dcsoh so} #s/ @n?B$J/# d/ nkd/F ikoh eo fdZs/. go wjhBk-yzvsK fJj nkd/F @vkT{B wkofezr# d/ f;;Nw dh Bfjo o{gh Mkb dhx[zwD-x/oh ftu jh c;/ oj/.

fco fJ; soQK ckJhb dcso ftu fJe w/} s'A d{i/ w/} sZe nZr/-fgZS/ j[zdh ojh. jo e'Jh ckJhb B{z vhb eoB dh f}zw/tkoh NkbD dhro} Bkb fJ; ftuko ftu wrB ;h fe fJj e/; phH n?Av nkoH,jkoNhebuo iK Gkos ;oeko d/ ftd/F wzsokb/ ftu'A fe; wfjew/ B{zG/fink ikt/< y?o! rZb g[okDh j? i/ fes/ nZi dk ;wK j[zdk sK d[yhJ/ pzd/dh fJ; ckJhb B{z T[; d/ ;ke-;pzXhnK B/ iK sK f;ckoF d/ gjhJ/ bkd/D/ ;B s/ iK ukj-gkDh dk i[rkV eo d/Dk ;hl fi; Bkb ckJhb B/;ghv cV b?Dh ;h.

pfjojkb! pkp{ th ;Zu/ ;B fe i/ fJj e'Jh ;XkoB o[Zy j[zdk sKfJ; B{z jNkT[Dk phH n?Av nkoH wfjew/ dk ezw ;h, go fJj doyscbdko j'D eoe/ e/; pkrpkBh ftGkr B{z G/fink frnk. pV/ fdB dhx'y-ftuko s'A pknd gsk bZrk fe fJj sK fe;/ ftd/Fh ;\ho B/ bkfJnk;h. fJ; bJh ftd/F wzsokb/ B{z :'r j[ewK fjZs ckJhb G/ih rJh. fJ;nfs }o{oh ckJhb dh T[go-EZb/ j'D tkbh jo joes pko/ dcso dk;[gov?AN fBsB/w tKr{z doys j/m nkJ/ d[fynko/ B{z dZ;dk fojk. fJefdB T[; d[yhJ/ B/ dcsoh pkp{froh s'A szr nk e/ M{mh fijh fdbpohd/D nkJ/ ;[gov?AN B{z rkfbp dk fJe fFno ;[DkfJnk feL-

jwB/ wkBk fe srak\[b B eo'r/ b/feB]ke j' ikJ/Ar/ jw s[w e' ]po j'B/ sZe

pZ; fco eh ;hl ;[gov?AN B/ fJe BthA ckJhb ukb{ eo fdZsh feFjhdh fJFBkB eoB d/ B/V/ gj[zfunk fJj ;ZiD fJe eth th j?. nZr/vhH;hH ;kfjp B/ ckJhb b'e ;zgoe nc;o B{z G/i fdZsh. T[BQK B/ @@:'rj[ewK fjZs## w[Zy wzsoh ih B{z G/i fdZsh, go w[Zy wzsoh ih d/ dcso B/@@;hB## noEks t/y fbnk fby e/ o[NhB ftu ckJhb pzd eo fdZsh.T[Xo doys j/m nkfJnk pzdk feT[Afe nkgD/ nzs d/ B/V/ gj[zu fojk ;h.

349

fJ; tk;s/ vhH;hH B/ y[Zd w"ek-w[bkj}k eo e/ fog'oN noX ;oekohgZso okjhA d[pkok w[Zy wzsoh ih B{z G/ih. p/FZe f;ZXk w[Zy wzsoh ih B{zgZso fbyD dh i[nos eoB d/ d'F ti'A vhH;hH ;kfjp dh i[nkp-sbphdh fJe BthA ckJhb th s[o gJh i' fe nzs B{z vhH;hH B{z skVBk ;fjspzd j'Jh.

go s;Zbh tkbh rZb fJj j'Jh fe w[Zy wzsoh ih B/ pV/ jwdodkBkB}ohJ/ Bkb oki cfonkdh B{z eth j'D d/ n?bkB ;fjs 1100$- o[L ns/fJe f;o'gkT[ d/D d/ j[ew ikoh eo fdZs/. go wkVh fe;ws eoe/ fJjY/o ;kok ;oekoh wkD-;BwkB Bk fwb ;fenk feT[Afe T[j j'o fJzs}koeoB s'A gfjbK jh wksb'e s'A e{u eo frnk.

]?o! fJ; ejkDh ftu nkJ/ @n?B$J/ d/ j[ewl# dcsoh ftuko-tNKdo/ ns/ @jwdodkBk s/ y[Frtko wkj"b# tor/ eEB j[D f;ocfdbpohnK jh pD e/ ofj rJ/ jB. ;kvh efjDh s/ eoBh ftuekoG[ukbh gkV fiZvk ck;bk j'D eoe/ fJj ;ko/ eEB p/-wsbp s/ p/-noEfij/ j' rJ/ jB. fJ; ;ko/ r?o f}zw/tkokBk s/ r?o }o{oh @ckJhb gqXkBoki# d/ eJh ekoB jB. go fJ; ;zdoG ftu w[Zy s"o #s/ w?B{z fJ; dkekoB i/p ;/tk dh ;kvh e"wh gqftosh ftu'A jh bZGdk j? fe n;hAseohpB ;ko/ jh go;[nkoE B{z G[Zb e/ fBZi-;[nkoE ftu rbskB j' rJ/jK. fi; eoe/ n;hA b'e ;/tk B{z i/p ;/tk pDk fbnk j?.

fco fJ; dk d{ik tZvk ekoB w?B{z nkgD/ ;G s'A gfjb/ fvgNhefwFBo wkB/Fto f;zx ukjb tb'A w/oh No/fBzr d"okB ej/ FpdK ftu'AbZGdk j?. T[BQK dk efjDk ;h, fJj pj[s }o{oh j? fe s[jkBz{ nc;o j'Dd/ Bks/ nkgDk ezw nkT[Dk ukjhdk j?, go T[; s'A th }o{oh fJj j? fes[jkBz{ nkgDh Nhw d/ bhvo j'D ti'A nkgD/ ;fj:'rh eowukohnK Bz{ :'rnrtkJh d/D s/ T[BQK s'A ezw eokT[D dk sohek th nkT[Adk j't/. fco fJ;soQK jh T[j fJe rZb j'o fejk eod/ ;B fe n;hA vkfJrB'} sK ;ko/eo b?Ad/ jK, go NohNw?AN tk;s/ @ftb s/ ;feb# dh xkN d/ ekoB ;kvhb[Nhnk v[pdh j?. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe n;hA gqFk;fBe ew}'ohnK s/T[BQK s'A T[gfink wo} sK ;ko/ jh bG b?Ad/ jK, go b'eK Bz{ e'Jh ;j{bs-;[ftXk d/D tk;s/ ;kv/ e'b @fJSk Fesh# s/ b'VhAd/ o{b-ekBz{B nB[;ko

350

ezw B{z B/go/ ukVBQ dh seBhe dh xkN j[zdh j?, fi; ekoB ;kvh b'e;/tk dk p/Vk v[pdk ik fojk j?.

j[D e/Adoh gqFk;B s'A oki gZXo sZe gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh rZb uZbhj?. go fezBk uzrk j't/ fe ;[XkoK #s/ nwb eoB tkbh pkp{ftfosh tkbhnc;oFkjh i/p ;/tk dh nkFk-wBFk SZv e/ gqFk;B d/ w[Zy T[d/F @b'e;/tk# dh okj #s/ s[o gJ/. fco fJ; s'A nZr/ b'V nB[;ko j'o ;[XkoK dhbVh y[d jh y?oK-fwjoK dh MVh bk d/t/rh. BjhA sK fizB/ wo}h efwFBp?m ikD s/ gqpzXeh ;[XkoK fjZs Gkt/A fezB/ jh jdkfJsK d/ g[bzd/ ikoh j'ikDl go ;kvh gqFk;eh jkbs }whB }z[pd Bk }[zpd r[b-w[jzwd tKr jhofjDh j? Gkt Bk jw ;[Xo/ j?l Bk jh ;[Xo/Ar/. nkgD/ nVhnb tsho/nB[;ko Bk ;[XoB tkb/ pzfdnK tk;s/ d[BhnK ftnzrsfwe sohe/ Bkbefjzdh nkJh j? fe @pkpk nky/ yZuo pD ik fiE/ ihn ukj/ T[E/ ikjnV#. go ;ZukJh fJj th j? fe nzs B{z yuo/ pzfdnK iK yZuo-y'fsnKdh d"V ed/ th bzwh BjhA j[zdh.

fJ; eoe/ jh pkp/ BkBe dk fJ; gqEkfJ fJbkjh c[owkB j? fe@@e{V fBy[N/ BkBek UVfe ;fu ojh..## fJ; ;z;ko ftu UVe B{z;Zu jh fBZsodk s/ fBGdk j?.

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p?m e/ eoB tkbh rZb;w/A d/ pdbd/ gqGktK j/m ;kvh j[D dh ihtB-F?bh ftu pj[s tZvh

spdhbh nk rJh j?. BthA sfj}hp dhnK BthnK fc}ktK ftu ;kvhihtB-iku B/ fJe tZvk w'V eZfNnk j?. e'Jh 50-60 ;kb gfjbK ;w[Zu/s"o #s/ @f;zgb fbftzr s/ jkJh fEfezr# Gkt ;kd-w[okdh f}zdrh s/ T[Zuhs/ ;dkukoh ;'u gzikph ihtB dk w{b nXko j[zdh ;h. go j[D seBhes/ soZeh dk :[Zr e[jkT[Ad/ ;w/A ftu ;kv/ ihtBK ftu g?;/ dh d"V s/n?F'-fJFos fJzBh jkth j' rJh j? fe n;hA jkJh-ckJh fbftzr s/ ;N{fgzrb'n d/ XkoBh j' u[Ze/ jK. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe n;hA wkdkgq;sh s/c?FBgq;sh d/ u;e/ B{z g{ok eoB bJh wkVh Bhns s/ wkVhnK fcsosK d/g[ikoh pD u[Ze/ jK.

fJ; soQK ;kvh e[M e[ ;wK gfjbK dh ihtB-iku s/ j[D d/ ihtBfBoGkj ftu fJe tZvk coe nk frnk j?. fJj spdhbh Xkofwe,;wkfie, ;dkukfoe, okiBhse iK nkofEe gZy s'A ;kv/ ihtBK ftu;gFN }kfjo j[zdh j?. ;kvh efjDh s/ eEBh ns/ ofjs-pfjs ftu fJ;dk gqGkt ;kwosZy j?. go fco th id'A ;wki ftu ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ iKftneshrs s"o #s/ ihtB dh fJ; @w?v o/;# wsbp ewbh d"V B{z brkwgkT[D s/ iK fco ihtB dh w[jko w'VD dh rZb j[zdh j? sK n;hA Nkb-wN'b dh Bhsh nyfsnko eod/ jK.

Gkosh b'eK ftu ;wkfie s/ B?fse B[e; th jB. fjzd';skBh j}koK;kbK s'A nkb; s/ dfbZdo d/ wko/ j'J/ jB. fJ; dk ;p{s fJj j? fe ;kv/;dhnK g[okD/ b'jVh d/ fsT[jko #s/ i' fJj d'jk @Jh;o nk dfbZdo ikj,dfbZdo dh iVQ u[ZbQ/ gk# bkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; dk ;w/A s/ o[ZsK d/ gq;zrftu sK wsbp fpbe[b tkip j? fe ;odhnK dh o[Zs dh jkJhpoB/FBGkt w[ezwb yV's s'A pknd b'jVh ;w/A w";w y[ZbQD #s/ fJj fejk iKdk;h fe nkb; B{z SZv e/ j[D ezwK ekoK tZb bZfrnk ikt/. go nZieZbQ id'An;hA b'jVh wBkT[Ad/ jK sK ;kb e[ pknd ;kB{z u/s/ nkT[Adk j? fe n;hAfJe fdB jh b'jVh ftu fsZb-u"b ;[ZN e/ nkgD/ dfbZdoh s/ nkb;h;[Gkn ysw eo bJhJ/.

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n;hA ne;o f}zdrh d/ nfjw w[Zd/-w;fbnK ;pzXh rZb eoB t/b/;w/A dh feZbs j'D dk pjkBk eod/ jK. id'A fe fJj }kfjok-}j{o ;ZukJhj? fe n";s Gkosh s/ yk; s"o #s/ gzikph nkgDh neb, Fesh s/ ezwdh ;woEk d/ nZX/ fjZ;/ dk th ;d-T[g:'r BjhA eod/. fJ; soQK jh id'Ae'Jh B/e ezw eoB iK e'Jh yk; @wsbp-wjZst# dh rZb pko/fe;/ ;wkfie ;'u dk w;bk nkT[Adk j? sK ;kv/ ;wki d/ Xkofwe,okiBhfse s/ ;wkfie nkr{nK s'A b? e/ ftneshrs s"o #s/ jo fJe pzd/Bz{ s[;hA fJj efjzdk ;[D'r/ fe fJ; rZb dk j[D t/bk BjhA j?l ed/ c/o p?me/ rZb eoKr/.

n;hA fJe d{i/ dh p?e ;eo?fuzr d/ th pV/ nkdh jK, fJ; dk wsbpfJj j? fe n;hA fJe d{i/ dh M{mh-c'eh tfvnkJh eoB ns/ fJe d{i/ s'Ac{e SeD-SekT[D d/ pj[s nkdh jK. go don;b n;hA fe;/ B{z soZeheodk iK tXdk d/y e/ nzdo'-nzdoh pVk e[VQd/ ofjzd/ jK. fJ; bJh jhn;hA nkgD/ G?D-GkJh B{z nZr/ tXdk t/y e/ fmZph bkT[D dh ske ftuofjzd/ jK. fco i/ e'Jh ;ZiD soZeh eodk j? sK n;hA T[; dh Nzr fyZuDdh pVh w[jkos oZyd/ jK. fJ; gq;zr ftu n;hA @e/efVnK# tKr{z fJe d{i/dh bZs fyZuD d/ th p/wsbp/ fij/ F"ehB jK.

;kv/ ;wki ftu fJe gquZfbs rZb j? fe ;kv/ d/F ftu'A fJe tkoe/eV/ ftd/F G/i/ rJ/, go T[BQK d/ vZp/ dk YZeD y[ZbQk ofj frnk. go fcoth e/eV/ g{oh frDsh ftu ftd/F g[Zi rJ/ sK pkjobh ezgBh B/ g[ZfSnkfe fJj fet/A j' frnk fe fpBK YZeD s'A ;ko/ e/eV/ fJE/ gj[zu rJ/ jB.fJ; #s/ Gkosh ezgBh B/ itkp fdZsk fe fJj Gkosh ;wz[do d/ e/eV/ jBs/ fJBQK B{z n;hA f;ykfJnk j? fe id'A th e'Jh e/eVk ezX NZg/ sK d{ik e/eVk ;kv/ pzfdnK tKr{z T[; dh bZs fyZu e/ T[; B{z ezX s'A EZb/ ;[ZN bt/.fpbe[b fJ; soQK dk d'rbk toskok jh ;kv/ pzfdnK d/ ;wki ftu d/yDB{z fwbdk j? fe gfjbK sK n;hA nkgD/ ;ZiD ;kEhnK B{z fyZu e/ EZb/ ;[ZNd/jK ns/ fco nkgD/ xotkfbnK B{z ntk}K wkod/ jK fe Gok fvZr fgnkj?, fJ; bJh fJ; B{z fgnkT[D bJh d[ZX-fxU fbnkU.

fJ; soQK ;kvhnK edoK-ehwsK th fdB-p-fdB pdb ojhnK jB.fe;/ t/b/ ;kvk ;wki e[b fwbk e/ Xowh s/ ;dkukoh ihtB dk XkoBh

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;h. fJ; dk tZvk ekoB fJj ;h fe ;kvk d/F n;bhns ftu jh r[o{nK,ghoK s/ GrsK dh eow ;Ebh j'D eoe/ T[BQK tZb'A ou/ t/d-rqzEK dhf;Zfynk dk pVk ekfJb ;h. fJE/ B/eh s/ pZdh ns/ uzr/ s/ wkV/ dh swh}tkbh sfj}hp s/ skbhw dk p'bpkbk ;h. ;kv/ ;ko/ ;wki dk owkfJD s/wjKGkos d/ ekb s'A b? e/ j[D sZe fJj fdqVQ ftFtk; fojk j? fe p/FZepdh dhnK skesK e[M ;w/A bJh Gko{ j' ikD go nzs ftu Xow-B/eh s/;Zu dh fiZs j[zdh j?. ;kv/ w[be dk @n?Apbw# Gkt fBFkB/-yk; @;Zsw:/t-i:s/# torh ihtB dh nNbkXh ;ukJh Bkb FF'fGs j?.

;kv/ ihtB ftu Xkofwe gZy s'A T[ZuhnK-;[ZuhnK s/ ;dkukfoeedoK-ehwsK nB[;ko ;kvk fBZih ukb-ubD s/ feodko pDdk ;h.efjzd/ jB fe nF'e wjkB d/ w"ohnk ekb iK joF toXB d/ ekb ftuM{m s/ u'oh-uekoh Bkw wkso jh ;h. nZi th nbto Ffjo d/ fJep}ko ftu d[ekBK d/ dotk}/ BjhA jB. oks B{z d[ekBdko godk bk e/d[ekB pzd eo fdzd/ jB.

y?o! jo :[Zr ftu B/eh s/ pdh dk fwZ;kgD Gkt fwFoD th fojkj?. jK, fJj }o{o j? fe ed/ B/eh ns/ ed/ pdh dk gbVk Gkoh fojk j?.wsbp fJj fe ed/ B/eh pdh #s/ jkth j[zdh j? s/ ed/ pdh B/eh #s/ Gko{j' iKdh j?. ;gs f;zX{ dh ;fGnsk s'A b? e/ j[D sZe gzikp s/ gzikphnsnkgDh gzikph ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko dh ftbZyDsk ;dekd[BhnK dhnK nkbksohB ;fGnksktK s/ ;fGnkukoK dh f;ow"o ojh j?.fJ; soQK jh gzikph e"w d/ f;de, f;oV s/ e[opkBh d/ i}p/ B{z ;z;koGo B/ ;o/yw s;bhw ehsk j?. fBo;zd/j bzph r[bkwh d/ pkti{d th id'Anyho Gkos dh n}kdh d/ ;zxoF dh rZb uZbh sK d/F Go ftu'A ;G gqKsKs'A tZX e[opkBhnK d/ e/ n}kdh jkf;b eoB dk f;jok th gzikp s/gzikphnK B{z jh fwfbnk.

gzikphnK pko/ wFj{o j? fe gzikph iK yk e/ wod/ jB s/ iK Gkou[Ze e/ wod/ jB. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe fJBQK dh jZv GzBthA fwjBss/ T[; s'A fJBQK d/ y[ZbQ/-v[ZbQ/ ;[Gkn s/ i[Z;/ d/ w[skfpe fJj fJzBk nzB SeSek b?Ad/ jB fe fiE/ d[BhnK G[Zyh wo ojh j[zdh j? sK T[E/ gzikphpdj}wh Bkb wod/ jB. go d{i/ gk;/ fJj ;ohoe s/ ;[Gkn d/ gZy'A fJzB/

354

ekm/ s/ eoV/ j[zd/ jB fe fejk iKdk j? fe fizBh d/o iZN dh xzvh Bk tZYhikt/, T[Bh d/o fJj wodk BjhA.

fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikphnK d/ ihtB ftu fJe nkswxksh fJZbs fJjth j? fe fizBh d/o fJBQK d/ f;o #s/ e'Jh fenkws BjhA Yfjzdh, UBhd/o fJj fe;/ N[zvh bkN Gkt Nz[v/ bkov jkofvzr torh d[fBnkth Fesh sKeh ;r'A oZp dh th gqtkj BjhA eod/. fJ; bJh gzikph b'eK pko/ wFj{o j?fe fJj pkdFkj fjwk:{z tKr{z jw/FK jh iFBK ftu ofjzd/ jB, go id'A e'JhXow s/ d/F B{z ;zeN nk ikt/ sK fJj :brko Gkt :[ZX ftZY b?Ad/ jB.gzikphnK d/ fJBQK uzr/-wkV/ Fy;hnsh r[DK-n"r[DK ftu'A jh d;t/A gkfsFkjB/ ykb;k f;oiDk ;dek gzikphnK dh dp-wo u[Zeh e"w B{z }[bw s/ ipod/ fybkc fwfEjkf;e gzSh e[eB{; tKrz{ ;[oihs ehsk ;h.

gzikphnK dh fJe j'o nkds fJj j? fe fe;/ d/ xo nZr bZrh B{zd/y e/ fJj T[; B{z p;zso jh ;wMd/ jB. go wok;h tKr{z id'A nZr nkgD/xo nk brdh j? sK fJj ;'Mh d/ xo nkT[Ad/ jB fe nKY-rtKY ftutkfenk jh e'Jh ;zeN j?. pZ; fco fJj jB{zwkB Grs nkgDh g{S B{z nZrbk e/ d[FwD dh bzek dfjB eod/ fcod/ jB. fco d[BhnK dh fJjgfjbh izr j't/ iK d{ih izr, fJj nkgDh pjkdoh dk f;Zek ;z;ko B{z wBke/ jh w[V/ jB.

w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe ;gs f;zX{ ekb s'A jh gzikp ftu jw/FK y/shgqXkB ekb fojk j?. wZX ekb d/ F[o{ ftu ;zB 1000 s'A b? e/ 1947 sZew[Zy s"o #s/ gzikp ftu r[bkwh gqXkB ekb fojk j?. p/FZe fJ; ftu T[jd"o/-d"oK th nkfJnk, id'A fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s'A pknd ;zB1708 s'A b? e/ pzdk pjkdo s/ fco fw;b ekb ftu fJ; e"w #s/ fiE/nD;[D/ s/ nDej/ sFZdd j'J/, T[E/ jh fJ; wjkB gzikph e"w B/ yzv/ pkN/dh gkj[b dh nksfwe Fesh ;dek fJ; ekb/ :[Zr B{z wjkokik oDihsf;zx d/ ;w/A ftu f;Zy oki d/ ;[Bfjoh ;w/A ftu spdhb ehsk.

fgzvK ftu sK 1950 t/A sZe Gkt 60e[ ;kb gfjbK d/ b'eK dh ihtBF?bh ftu feo;kDh dh ;kd-w[okdh go w[Fes-fwjBs Gog{o o"nubdh ;h. feo;kD d/ Bkb y/sh #s/ fBoGo jo ;hoh-gkbh ns/ ;/gheoB tkb/ Gkt y/sh #s/ fBoGo jo fyZs/ fit/A fe soykD, b[jko,

355

fw;soh, x[fwnko, i[bkj/, f;ebhro ns/ j'o ;G iksK d/ b'e rohphd/ pkti{d th d;K Bj[znK dh feqs d/ T[gkFe ;B. feo;kD sK c;bphiD t/b/ fuVh, ;Zu s/ iB"o d/ Bkw #s/ gfjbh w[Zmh dk fSZNk fdzdk ;hs/ fco c;b phidk ;h. c;b phiD s'A pknd g'o-MkV ti'A fco tkX{pu/ phi ftu'A ehVQhnK s/ gzShnK d/ Bfws dkD/ fybkodk ;h. wZM-rK ;{D#s/ EZJh oZyD ti'A ;KM/ g{i-;EkB #s/ d[ZX uVQkfJnk iKdk ;h.

pkp/ BkBe d/ nfs T[sw cb;c/ Bkw igDk, feos eoBh s/ tzvSeD dh gqhGkFk @xkfb ykb/ feS[ jE'A d/Jh BkBe okfj gSkD/;/fJ# ;kv/ p}[orK d/ ihtBK ftu fdqFNwkB j[zdh ;h. fJ; s'A nZr/nkofEe ihtB ftu b'VK-E[VK d/ pkti{d th e[b fwbk e/ ;po-;p{oh,fdnkBsdkoh s/ fJwkBdkoh dk gqubD ;h.

gzikph dh wFj{o ejkts ;h fe Fkj fpBK gZs BjhA ns/ ;kX fpBKrZs BjhA Gkt Fkj{eko iK ;kX b'e-gqb'e ftu rZsh noEks w[esh dkikwB j[zdk ;h. p/FZe Fkj{ekoK ;wki tZb'A eo}/ dh iBw iks p[okJh ti'A;wkfie s/ nkofEe F'FD dh GdoekohnK th ;kv/ ;wki dk e'jV s/e'jM pDhnK. go fJ; d/ Bkb jh g/Av{ ;wki d/ ;wki d/ db/o itkBd[Zbk-GZNh, ihUDk w"V, ;[Zuk ;{owk ;wkT[A tkbk, fco 1902 d/ eohpfgzv oD f;zx tkbk sfj;hb e;{o ftu izfwnk iZrk iZN, f;ZX{nK d/w[ZYb/ 22 fgzvK Gkt @pkjhJ/# d/ fgzv efbnkD d/ fus{-fwZs{, g?g;{ ftuF[sokDk, uBkoEb d/ YZe/ s'A b? e/ e?Eb sZe ;orow vekb/ dk izrkvke{, joc{b, e[zYk rkihnkDk, pys"ok rzrk tkbk s/ r[Zb{ fij/ d{b/ F/orohp, ew}'o s/ Fkj{ekoK d/ eo}kJh ehs/ b'eK dh fXo pD/. ;kv/ fgzvKd/ b'eK dh ;KMh fJZ}s-nkpo{ s/ XhnK-G?DK dh fJZ}s dh ykfso iK c/o Fkj{ekoK s/ ;{dy'oK s'A rohpK B{z pukT[D bJh ftnkiy'oK B{z ;'XkbkT[D s/ nkg ;{bh #s/ uVQB tkb/ ;kv/ nfij/ b'e BkfJe u'poK dh th;kv/ ;wki ftu ewh BjhA ;h.

;wki dh rZvh dk d{ik gjhnk fJ;soh }ks pDdk j?. ;r'A fe;/ uzr/;wki dh skwho tk;s/ n"os dh }o{os s/ fJ; dh G{fwek dh nfjwhnsdh rZb eohJ/ sK ;wki dh rZvh d/ d{i/ gjhJ/ dh }o{os g{oh eoB s'AfJbktk fJ;soh gfotko dh rkvhtkB th pDdh j?. pkpk BkBe s'A b? e/

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r[o{nK-ghoK ;G B/ fJ; bJh jh sK n"os }ks dh Fbkxk ehsh j? fit/A fe pkpk BkBe B/ fejk j? fe @;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB.#f;ezdo wjkB s'A b? e/ B?g'bhnB tor/ ;z;ko i/s{ ioB?bK s/ :'fXnK B/Bo'J/ s/ fBro ;wki dh T[;koh bJh n"os }ks d/ nfjw o'b dh rZbehsh j?. B?g'bhnB B/ n?t/A jh sK BjhA ;h fejk fe w?B{z uzrhnK wktK d/fdT[ w?A s[jkB{z pj[s tXhnk d/F d/ ;edk jK, feT[Afe T[j ikDdk ;h fewktK d/ fijV/ ;[uZi/ jZE pZu/ dk Gzr{Vk fjbkT[Ad/ jB T[j jZE jh fe;/Bo'J/ ;wki dh T[;koh eod/ jB.

fJj rZb tZyoh j? fe ;kvh ;fGnsk ftu wod gqXkB ;wki j'Deoe/ n"os }ks dh gfjbK sK e'Jh g[ihFB jh BjhA wzBh rJh s/ i/ nZid/ b'eszsoh ;wki ftu n"os }ks dh rZb j'D bZrh j? sK fJj nZi th;wki ftu pDdk n"os B{z Bzpo fJe ;EkB d/D dh rZb jkb/ jtktK ftujh j?. ;r'A BthA sfj}hp dh jBQ/oh ftu n"os dh w'j-wwsk s/ T[; d/;wkfie foFfsnK dk F'FD efjoh tkn-to'b/ d/ r[pko tKr ufVQnkj'fJnk j?. ;kfjo b[fXnkDth B/ fcbw @;kXBk# d/ rhs ftu ni'e/ :[Zrftu th n"os dh j' ojh d[orsh pko/ ;Zu'-;Zu fbfynk j?, i' fe ;kvhe"w tk;s/ v[Zp woB dh rZb j?. ;kfjo b[fXnkDth fbydk j? feL-

@n"os B/ iBw dhnk wod'A e', wod'A B/ T[;/ pk}ko dhnkip ih ukjk w;bk e[ubk, ip ih ukjk d[seko dhnks[bsh j? ejhA dhBko' w/A, ftesh j? ejhA pk}ko'A w/A

nkgD/ d/F dh gkobhw?AN s'A b? e/ gzukfJsK sZe ;kv/ ;zftXkB ftun"osK dh gqwkfDs okyt/AeoB nB[;ko Fw{bhns BjhA j' ojh. fJ; pko/ni/ th rZb fJ; ftF/ d/ f;ob/y tKr fJj jh pDh j'Jh j? fe i/ e'JhrZb eoB ;w/A yVQk j? sk T[j rZb NkbD bJh fJj efj fojk j[zdk j? fefJj rZb p?m e/ eoB tkbh j? fJ; bJh fJj rZb p?m e/ eoKr/ s/ i/ fe;/B{z ej' fe GkJh nk ik p?m e/ rZb eo bJhJ/ sK T[; dk pjkBk fe;/y/v B{z Bk y/vD dh wBFk nB[;ko r/Ad B{z N'bk wko e/ w?dkB s'A pkjo;[ZND dk j[zdk j?. Gkt T[; dh wBFk fJj j[zdh j? fe fe;/ w[Zd/-w;b/ B{zfJj efj e/ Nkb fdZsk ikt/ fe j[D w?A fes/ yVQk jKl fes/ fco id'A w?AfJXo'A ftjbk j'fJnk sK fco rZb eoKr/.

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e[Zb fwbk e/ ;fEsh ;wki d/ ftrVd/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;[XkoB dh e[MfJT[A fij/ pDh ikgdh j? fe id'A e'Jh fyvkoh y/v B{z yokp eoB bJhr/Ad B{z pkjo N'b/ wkoB bZr gJ/ sK ub' E'VQ/ ;w/A dh popkdh Bkb y/vfco sK F[o{ j' iKdh j?. go i/ e'Jh r/Ad B{z SZgV iK y{j ftu jh ;[ZN nkt/sK pkeh fyvkohnK B/ eh y/vDk j? s/ fet/A y/vDk j?< fJj ;{os jkb nZi;ko/ ;wki ftu fGnkBe o{g ftu fdqFNwkB j?. j[D Bk sK e'Jh;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko dh ;zihdk rZbpks j' ojh j? Bk jh fJ; ;pzXhe'Jh :sB j' oj/ jB. p; ikgdk j? fe ;fGnsk dh fyd'-y{j yks/ ftugJh j'Jh j?.

p/FZe ;kfJz; seBheh soZeh ekoB w[ZYedhw s'A uZbh nkT[Adhy/shpkVh d/ s"o-sohfenK ftu wFhBheoB j'D d/ ekoB pj[s eqKshekohsoZeh j'Jh j?. gzikp B/ nkofEe s/ ;wkfie gZy'A joh eqKsh d/ nBzd B{zp/jZd wkfDnk j?. p/FZe joheqKsh dk d'F BjhA, go wFhBheoB d/ BkbfijVk nfjw fjZ;k feo;kDh ftu jZv GzBthA fwjBs w[FZes dk ;h, T[;dh nDj'Ad j' rJh j?. j[D y/sh gokfJnK jZEK Gkt feo;kDK s'AfwjBseF w}d{oK d/ jZE nk rJh j? s/ iZdh g[Fsh }whBK d/ wkbefeo;kD j[D r?o jk}o b?Av b"ov pD u[Ze/ jB. g[okDh b'e ejktsfprkB/ jZEhA y/sh ed/ Bk j[zd/ pZshUA s/sh, d/ ibt/ nZi xo-xo ;kv/;kjwD/ jh jB.

;' nZi b'V j? fe ;kvk feo;kD ;wki s/ y/sh #s/ fBoGo tornkgDk f;oVh s/ fwjBsh ;[Gkn poeoko oZy/. fJ; soQK jh ;kvkfJ;soh ;wki nkgD/ xo-gfotko dh uzrh T[;koh tk;s/ w'j-wwsk s/;dkukoh ;fGnkuko dh r[VQsh wkso ihtB ;/X nkgD/ pZfunK B{z d/t/.nZi p/FZe wFhBh :[Zr ftu xo/b{ d;sekoh Gkt jZEK Bkb eskJh p[DkJhs/ eYkJh dh b'V BjhA. go u[Zb/-u"Ae/ #s/ jZEK Bkb ehsh d;sekoh fgZS/fe;/ th ;[uZih wK, nkgD/ tXhnk ;[ji ;[nkd ti'A i' nkgD/ pZfunK B{zw[Ybh Nq/fBzr fdzdh ;h, T[j nZi ysw j' u[Zeh j? iK p; Bkw wkso jhj?. ;' ;kv/ ;wkfie foFfsnK ftu fgnko s/ GkJhuko/ d/ g[okD/skD/-pkD/ B{z ;[oihs eoe/ BthAnK szdK gkT[D dh b'V j?.

c/o g/Av{ ihtB dh fJe fJekJh ti'A okiBhse gZy dh rZb nkT[Adh

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j?. Gkt/A okikFkjh s/ skBkFkjh oki ed/ th b'eK bJh @oki/ Fhj w[edwe[Zs/# j'D dh okiBhse p[fonkJh s'A T[go BjhA T[m ;e/. go fco thnF'e, joF toXB, F/o Fkj ;{oh, nepo s/ wjkokik oDihs f;zxtor/ eJh nkdoF oki/ j'J/, fiBQK B/ b'e fjZs B{z w[Zy oZfynk.

fJE/ n;hA yk; eo g/Av{ ihtB dh fJB;kc g;zd ;'u ti'A gzukfJshoki dh i/ rZb eohJ/ sK w[Y-edhw s'A jh fgzv d/ GkJhuko/ d/ w[yhnK dhgzukfJs dk nfjw s/ gqGktFkbh ti{d fojk j?. fJ; gq;zr ftunkg/-r[o{ u/b/ d/ f;XKs dh goy ti'A f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ gfjb/ r[ows/ ti'Ab'eokih f;XKs nB[;ko gzi-;Zs f;zxK dh gzukfJs dk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zxih B{z uwe"o dh rVQh B{z SZv ikD dk c?;bk 22 d;zpo, 1705 dh oksB{z y[d fJfsjk; B/ ;[fDnk ;h. n}kdh s'A pknd gzukfJsh oki dh b'VB{z ;kv/ ;zftXkB ftu p/jZd wjZssk fdZsh rJh j?. fJ; tk;s/ fgzv dhgzukfJs s'A fwT{A;gb ew/NhnK, ftXkB ;GktK s/ ;kv/ d/F dh gkobhw?AN;G b'e oki dh soiwkBh eoB d/ gqshe j'D s'A fJbktk b'e-okfJ d/wzdo jh jB.

p/FZe fJj b'e oki d/ ;szG pdbd/ ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse gq;zrKftu nkgDh rfowK s/ F"jos r[nKd/ ik oj/ jB ns/ b'e okfJ dhgzuh-;ogzuh dh EK yowZ;sh s/ yVgzuh j[D okiBhse ihtB #s/ Gko{ j'ojh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ g[okD/ ;w/A dh fJe fgzv dh gzukfJs dh wkVh fw;kbth j? fe fe;/ okjh B/ fgzv d/ ;ogzu d/ xo oks fpskJh. T[E/ T[; dhx'Vh ;{n gJh. ;t/o/ ;ogzu dk fdb T[; tS/oh #s/ nk frnk. T[; B/ T[jtS/oh nkgDh wZM d/ fgZS/ ns/ wZM dh eZNh x'Vh fgZS/ pzBQ fdZsh. o"bk g?D#s/ gzukfJs ;Zdh rJh. ;ogzu dh yVgzuh s'A vo e/ gzukfJs B/ c?;bkokjh d/ T[bN d/ fdZsk s/ okjh B{z eZNh d/ e/ s'o fdZsk.

id'A okjh s[o frnk sK ;ogzu o'D bZr fgnk. gzukfJs B/ g[ZfSnkfe ;kE'A fJB;kc ftu eh ewh ofj rJh j? fe s{z o' fojk j?A sK ;ogzuefjD bZrk fe fJB;kc sK fpbe[b mhe j'fJnk j?. go w?B{z M'ok fJ;rZb dk j? fe id'A s[jkv/ tor/ Gdo-g[oF gzu wo rJ/ sK fJ; soQK d/tXhnk gzukfJsh c?;b/ e"D efonk eo{< y?o! fJi/j/ XZe/-X'V/ s/ }'oK-}ophnK b'e oki tk;s/ p/FZe xkse f;ZX j' oj/ jB. go fJj th

359

;ZukJh j? fe T{DskJhnK d/ pkti{d th fJ; gZy'A ;kok d/F s/ e"w fwbe/ th b'e oki dk e'Jh j'o tXhnk pdb iK b'VhAdh ;'X eoB ;pzXh e'Jhekoro ekotkJh eoB s'A n;woE oj/ jB.

fe;/ th d/F s/ e"w ftu d/F-fgnko s/ e"wh J/esk fijh okFNohGktBk T[E'A d/ iB-ihtB d/ nkuoD-fJybke s/ ;dkukoh eko-ftjko#s/ pj[s jh f}nkdk fBoGo eodh j?. nZi ;kv/ ;wki s/ d/F dhnKpdbhnK gdkoEtkdh ;[nkoEh fc}ktK d/ sfjs pj[s e[M pdb fojk j?.pdbkT[ }o{oh th j? go e"w dh B?fse froktN s/ e"w d/ wkV/ gk;/ tZbB{z pdbkT[ dh gqftosh fpbe[b rbs s/ r?o }o{oh j?. nfij/ okFNofto'Xh wkV/ nB;oK dh gSkD ns/ b'VhAdh ;[XkJh th }o{oh j?l feT[Afed[Bhnkth u"Xo s/ g?;/ dh nwhoh Bkb eZgV/-bZs/ sK yohd/ ik ;ed/ jB,go fJB;kBhns s/ ykBdkBh n"eks g?;/ Bkb BjhA fwbdh. fw;kb ti'Afit/A fejk iKdk j? fe b{zpVh G{oh s'A ;[Bfjoh sK Gkt/A j' ikt/, gonkgDhnK b{zpV ukbK BjhA pdb ;edh.

fJj rZb th BjhA fe B/e g[oyK s/ r?o f}zw/tkokBk ftjko tkb/ wkV/b'eK dh gSkD e'Jh w[Feb j?. id'A fgzvK ftu ;KMh ;ZE j[zdh ;h. fgzvd/ b'e ;ZEK ftu i[Vd/ ;B. id'A e'Jh pNkT{ Gkt okjh T[E'A dh bzxdk ;hsK T[; tZb'A ;fs ;qh nekb iK cfsj rikT[D dk d;s{o j[zdk ;h. i' fJjcfsj p[bkT[Adk ;hl T[; dk i[nkp T[; B{z ;KMh ;B/j-fgnko dh cfsjftu fwbdk ;h. fijVk fgzv dh ;ZE B{z Bw;eko eo e/ BjhA ;h bzxdklT[; dh ukb-Ykb, d/yDh-gkyDh s/ g?oK d/ fBFkBK s'A jh T[; nkdwh d/u'o iK ;kX{ j'D pko/ ;KMh g/FhBr'Jh s/ okfJ d/ fdZsh iKdh ;h.

;' nZi sK ;kv/ e'b nzdo'A-pkjo'A n?e;o/ eoB tkbhnK whvhnktorhnK f;csK jBl fiBQK eoe/ jo pzdk y[ZbQh feskp tKr j' frnk j?.pZ; T[; B{z gVQD-;wMD dh b'V j?. p/FZe gVQD-;wMD dh f;cs ti'A;kvk ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ jZE pj[s jh szr j?l Bk jh n;hA nkgD/ rqzE s/ Bk jh;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; B{z gVQd/ jK Gkt/A pzfdnK B{z gVQDk s/ ;wMDk sK ;kB{zwkVk-w'Nk nk frnk j?. go ;dhnK dh bzph r[bkwh d/ ekoB ;kv/ ftuiwKdo{ s"o #s/ jh f}jBh r[bkwh dhnK M'bh-u[Zeh s/ p[}fdbh torhnKwkVhnK gqftoshnK g?dk j' rJhnK jB, fiBQK eoe/ n;hA ikDh-ikD j'

360

e/ x'rV ezB/ fij/ pD/ ofjzd/ jK.

fJ; fJybkeh ew}'oh dh iVQ dh fJe j'o pj[s jh xkse f;Zws ;kv/feodko ftu fJybkeh froktN d/ ekoB rZdkoh, wekoh, M{m-co/p s/fGqFNkukoh fijhnK bknBsK d/ o{g ftu ;kv/ #s/ jkth j?. fJj ;G e[MikDd/ j'J/ th n;hA @w?A Bk wkB{z# dh rbs s/ nVpzr jZm Xowh nB[;ko 100gqshFs ftykt/ s/ w[bzw/ Gog{o ihtB f}zdrh d/ XkoBh pD e/ pVh xkses/ nkgk-wko{ fijh ;'u nB[;ko fdB eNh eo oj/ jK. go fco th nkgDhp/;wMh eoe/ ;w/A dh X{V ftu nkgDk NZN{ GikJh iKd/ jK.

n;hA efjD B{z sK nkgD/ d/F B{z Gkos wK efjzd/ jK, go ftd/FK B{zgbkfJB eoB s'A gfjbK Xosh wK B{z ;fs ;qh nekb th BjhA efjzd/. fJ;soQK jh gzikph GkFk B{z wK p'bh sK efjzd/ jK, go n;hA nkgD/ gfotko s'Ab? e/ ;oeko-dopko sZe w'j-fgnko nkgDh wso/Jh wK Gkt nzro/}h GkFkBkb jh eod/ jK. ;kvk nzro/}h }[pkB Bkb s/ T[j th @r[bkph fJzrfbF#Bkb w'j-ikb iZr }kfjo j?. fJ; soQK n;hA nkgD/ FkBdko s/ r"otwJhfto;/ Bz{ G[Zb rJ/ jK s/ f}jBh r[bkwh s/ d'rbh wkBf;esk B/ ;kv/ s/ rbpkgk ofynk j?. fe;/ eth dk efjDk j? feL-

r"ot nkgDk e?bth G[b rJ/ jK;kBz{ f}jBh r[bkwh B/ wkfonk j?

;' fJ; soQK nkgD/ ihtB ftu efjzd/ e[M j'o jK go eod/-ewkT[Ad/e[M j'o jK. ;kvk ;kok ihtB F?e;ghno d/ j?wbN tKr{z @N{ ph n"o B"NN{ ph# Gkt fJj eoK fe fJj Bk eoK dh d[tZbh s/ d'rbh fijh ;'u dkfFeko pfDnk j'fJnk j?. fJe gk;/ fJe' ;kj/ n;hA nfXnkswtkd s/nkgD/ B/e g[ofynK d/ ;dkuko s/ ;fGnkuko dh rZb eod/ jK, go d{i/jh ;kj n;hA wkdkgq;sh s/ n?Fgq;sh dk rd"Vk c/od/ jK. fJ; B{z jh@pb'fJzr j"N n?Av e'bv fJB dk ;/w pq?ZE# wsbp @mzvk-sZsk pZ; fJe';kj# fejk frnk j?.

n;hA oZp d/ G[Zb/ ft;o/ j?n-G?n B{z ;t/o t/b/ wfj} o;wh fij/s"o-sohe/ Bkb gb-d'-gb :kd eod/ jK. id'A n;hA r[od[nko/ wZEk N/eD iKd/ jK sK th ;kvh fposh @ejhA g/ fBrkj/A, ejhA g/ fBFkBk# tkbhj[zdh j?. nkgD/ fJFN d/t B{z 20-50 o[gJ/ uVQkT[D s'A pknd ;kvh

361

nzdobh jT[w? s/ ftyktk ;kB{z fJT[A y[Fh fdzd/ jB fe n;hA fit/A pkpk ihB{z T[; fdB dk G'iB eokT[D dk i[rkV eotk fdZsk j't/. j[D fes/ Bkfes/ ;kv/ wBK ftu @fuokr ejK, o"FBh ejK# iK @o'r fes/ s/ ghVfes/# torhnK e[dos nbkwsK th T[ZGodhnK jB. n;hA ;'ud/ jK fe;kv/ wjKg[oyK dk \b;\k sK ;kv/ e'b j?, go fJ; dh o"FBh ;kv/ ihtBKftu BjhA j?. fco ed/ n;hA fJj th ;'ud/ jK i' n;hA r[o{ dh r'be fturohpK s/ p/nk;fonK tk;s/ d;tzX dh EK i' fsb-c[b G/N eod/ jK, ehfJj g{ik-XkB ykB tkb/ ni'e/ r[o{ xo d/ ny"sh ;/tkdkoK d/ nfVZe/ sKBjhA uVQ ikt/rk<

e[Zb fwbk e/ ;kvh ;koh f}zdrh @jkEh d/ dzd ykD B{z j'o s/ fdykT[DB{z j'o# nB[;ko e[\o s/ M{m d/ w[bzfwnK ftu jh phs iKdh j?. n;hAfGqFNkuko B{z fFFNkuko, d/F Grsh B{z i/p Grsh, b'e ;/tk B{z i/p ;/tkefjzd/ jK. ;kvh b'e ;/tk s/ ;wki ;/tk torhnK B/e gqzgoktK ftu jkb/th pkp/ BkBe d/ nNZbkX/ puBK nB[;ko ;kv/ tb'A fJe e'Mk toskok j'fojk j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ ;kv/ fJ; otZJhJ/ pko/ pkp/ BkBe d/ puB pj[s jhY[Zed/ jB. pkp/ BkBe B/ fejk ;h fe @@oki/ ;hAj w[edw e[s/..ikfJ irkfJB p?m/ ;[s/@ s/ T[BQK d/ jh puBK nB[;ko @@efb ekshoki/ ek;kJh Xow[ gzy efo T[vfonk..## pkpk BkBe B/ i' T[BQK d/;w/A d/ ;wki dh rZb ehsh j?, nZi nc;'; j? fe n;hA nkgD/ r[o{;kfjpkB d/ wjkB \b;\/ s'A T[bN ubd/ j'J/ fco nkuoD s/ ;fGnkukfoeo;ksb tZb s[o/ ik oj/ jK. nZi fco pkp/ BkBe/ d/ fJj tuB ;kB{zfusktBh d/ oj/ jB, go n;hA i' ;G e[ZM uzrk j?, T[; s'A x/;b tZN oZyhj? s/ i' wkVk j?, T[; B{z @p[[Zeb dk ;Zg# pDk oj/ jK.

fJ; gq;zr ftu n;hA r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ nkgD/ g[ofynK dh f;Zfynk d/T[bN jh ;G e[ZM eo-eok oj/ jK. fJ; gqEkfJ pkp/ BkBe B/ fejk ;hfe @@;ow Xow d[fJ Sfg yb'fJ, e{V fco? goXkB t/ bkb'..##pkpk ih B/ fJj th fejk ;h fe @@;ow Xow ek v/ok d{fo. BkBee{V[ ofjnk Gog{fo..## pkp/ BkBe d/ fJ; e"wh j'e/ d/ pkti{d th;d-nc;'; fe n;hA Bk ;[Xo/ jK s/ fco d[Zy dh rZb fJj j? fe ;kv/

362

;[XoB dh th e'Jh T[whd B}o BjhA nkT[Adh.

fJ; soQK n;hA fJe gk;/ r[owfs dhnK rZbK eod/ jK s/ d{i/ gk;/n;hA d[owfs dh eVQh x'bd/ jK. T[dkjoD ti'A n;hA Bkoh Fesh B{z wjkBefjzd/ jK s/ Bkoh iksh B{z nkgDk nkdoF wzBd/ jK. go d{i/ gk;/n"os}ks bJh ;kvh nZy w?bQh j? s/ T[; d/ ;wkfie o[sp/ tk;s/ ;kvhB}o-fBrkj jw/FK jh e"Vh ojh j?. n;hA nkgD/ xo ftu iK ;wki ftusoZeh eo ojh n"os B{z fJT[A e"V e/ Mked/ jK fe fit/A p'e s[ZfenK tZbMkedk j?. ;Zuh rZb sK fJj j? fe n"os}ks gqsh ;kvh wkBf;esk thrzdh j' u[Zeh j?.

fJ; soQK jh n;hA rohpK d/ dodwzd pD e/ T[BQK #s/ pVk so; yKd/fd;d/ jK. rohph jNkU d/ @Bkno/-Nkno/# fe;/ tZv/ ;torh g[zB dhgqkgsh ti'A n;hA ne;o jh wkod/ ofjzd/ jK. go ftFt p?Ae d/ ;ot/yDnB[;ko ;z;ko gZXo #s/ gquZfbs vkbo w[Zdok d/ w[skfpe @rohph o/yk#s'A EZb/ ofjzd/ GkoshnK dh frDsh 75 ch;dh d/ eohp j?. id'A fe Gkosheoz;h B{z nXko pDk e/ fgzvK ftu 15 o[gJ/ o'}kBk s/ FfjoK ftu 20o[gJ/ o'}kBk B{z xZN' xZN r[}ko/ dh ;hwk wzB e/ fJj rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ofj oj/ b'eK dh frDsh e[Zb npkdh dk 37 ch;dh pDdh j?. go ihtBfBopkj eoB s/ ihtB o/yk B{z pukT[D bJh 15 o[gJ/ iK 20 o[gJ/ dhfdjkVh-T[ios B{z mhe wzB b?Dkl fJe pVk jh jk;'-jhDk s/ GZdk wy"bj?. ]?o! fJj fJe e'Mh ;ZukJh j? fe rohph o/yk s'A th EZb/ ofj oj/ 75ch;dh b'eK pko/ fiBQK B{z fe d' ;w/A dh o'Nh th B;hp BjhA j[zdh, T[BQKpko/ n;hA ed/ ;Zu/ wB'A-fdb'A ;'ud/ jh BjhA.

fjzd';skB dh fsikosh s/ tgkoe okiXkBh w[zpJh dh @rohp Xkothp;sh# dk ;EkB nZi th d[BhnK d/ ftu gfjb/ Bzpo #s/ j?. fJ; soQK jhd/F dh okiXkBh fdZbh ftu oki-Gkr d/ wkfbe ;kv/ fwjopkB jof;nk;h gkoNh d/ nkr{ ofjzd/ jB. go fdZbh dhnK ;VeK #s/ fBZswzrfsnK dhnK vkoK t/yD d/ pkti{d th rohpK #s/ B/sktK dhfeqgk-fdqFNh ed/ th BjhA j'Jh. ;ko/ d/F ftu rohpK s/ rohpK dhnKp;shnK dk eh jkb j?, fJj rZb sK tZyoh j?l go fdZbh ftu rohpK dheh Gzr G[Zidh j?, fJ; dk ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA ;kv/ ofjpoK B{z sK gsk th BjhA j?.

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uzvhrVQ fszB y[Fjkb gqKsK dk e/Ado wzfBnk iKdk j?, go fJE/ thj[D nZX-gkN/ eZgfVnK ftu'A rohph v[ZbQ-v[ZbQ g?Adh fd;dh j?. fJj jkbsK o'Nh-o'}h bJh bj{ g;hBk fJe eod/ w}d{o tor dh j?. fJ; s'A EZb/fJe tor p[Ykg/, nzrjhDsk s/ pkbgD d/ ekoB ewkJh s'A n;woE th;kv/ FfjoK s/ BroK ftu ofjzdk j?, fi; dh e'Jh ;wkfie ;[oZfynk BjhAj?. j[D sZe fes/ th fe;/ th ;oeko tb'A ;wki d/ pkbgD, ngkji s/p[Ykg/ dh wdd bJh e'Jh m'; s/ fBZro ekotkJh BjhA j'Jh j?. fJ; tk;s/;kv/ ;wki d/ fJe tZv/ tor B/ ;kvh iBwiks ;[Zy nokw s/ ;tor dhykfjF ns/ fco T[; bJh g[zB-dkB dh fposh dk F'FD eoe/ Ghy wzrDB{z nkgDk iBw-f;ZX feZsk pDk fbnk j?.

fe;/ th ftef;s w[be ftu T[E'A dh iBsk tk;s/ iBw s'A b? e/ woBsZe f;js, f;Zfynk s/ o[}rko bJh ;oeko tb'A nkofEe ;[oZfynk j[zdh j?.go fJ; gZy'A n;hA sK ni/ o'Nh, eZgVk, wekB dh b'V s/ fJ; d/ ;pzXs Mw/fbnK s'A jh T[go BjhA T[m/, fco ;[oZfynk dh rZb sK fes/ pknd dh j?.@;" jZE oZ;k f;o/ #s/ rzY# tkbh rZb fJj j? fe ;kvhnK rbhnK s/ ;VeK#s/ rohph d/ ekoB bho'-bho j'Jh n"osK dh Fow-j:k s/ Bzr-XVzr/pZfunK dk pugB ;kvh ny"sh nwhoh s/ soZeh dk w{zj fuVQkT[Adk j?. gon;hA fJj ;G e[ZM t/y e/ th fJ; tosko/ s'A p/ypo fij/ j' e/ Ugoh fijhB}o Bkb jehes s'A w{zj c/o e/ bzx iKd/ jK. pZ; fJj jh fejk ik ;edkj? fe @@J/j[ jwkok ihtDk s{ ;kfjp ;u/ t/y[..##

go ed/-edkJhA e'Jh uzr/ ;z;ekoK dh g{[zih ;dek fe;/ Gb/wkD; dkwB s/ fuZs ed/ ;wki d/ fjZs ftu nfXnkswe T[vkoh wkodk j?, goBkb jh fGqFNkukoh ;wki dh ;'u T[; ;wkitkdh ;ZiD d/ yzG eso fdzdhj?. fco fJ; soQK jh fJj th j[zdk j? fe e'Jh uzr/ B/e fdb fJB;kBnkgD/ nkb/-d[nkb/ dh fJ; gqd{FDh f;Zb s/ dbdb d/ ekoB nkgD/ yzGfGZi/ s/ Gko/ j'J/ wfj;{; eod/ jB.

fJ; jkbs ftu T[j e[M uzrk eoBk th ukj[zd/ jB, go }wkB/ dhw[ykfbc jtk, T[BQK B{z j'Vdh j?. fJ; bJh id'A T[j B/ep]s pzd/ sKnkgDh B/e o{j-nkswk d/ ;dek fJj @fGZih ezpbh# SZvD dk :sB eod/jB, go fGqFNkukoh N'b/ dk ezpb T[BQK B{z BjhA SZvdk. pfjojkb! @id'Abkj fdZsh b'Jh sK eh eo{rk e'Jh# fJBQK fGqFNkukoh pzfdnK dh Bk

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pdbD tkbh f\sos pko/ jh fejk frnk j?. fJ; soQK ;kv/ nkb/ d[nkb/dk e'Jh b'N{-N'bk Yke wkoB tork dkn bk e/ uzr/ ezw eoB tkb/ ;ZiDKB{z ne;o jh X'ph-gNVk wko fdzdk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kv/ d/F s/ yk; eoe/ gzikp d/;kjwD/ fizB/ th rzGho w;b/ jB, T[j ;kvh nDrfjbh s/ w;b/ B{z nZr/gkT[D dh gqftosh ekoB rzGho s'A rzGhosw ;zeN pD e/ Xow ;zeNfijk o{g Xko oj/ jB. i/ n;hA fgSb/ 50 e[ ;kb d"okB ojhnK oki;Zskftu gkoNhnK dh ekor[}koh dk b/yk-i'yk eohJ/ sK ;gFN j' iKdk j?fe ;wki B{z dog/F w;b/ Ybd/ goSkftnK tKr bzw/ s'A bzw/o/ jh j[zd/ rJ/jB. j[D w"i{dk ;w/A dh ;oeko dh jh i/ rZb b? bJhJ/ sK fgSb/ ;w/AdhnK ;kohnK jh ;oekoK dh GZdoekoh ;gFN j' iKdh j?.

fw;kb ti'A fejk ik ;edk j? fe j[D w"i{dk gzikp ;oeko B{zoki;Zsk d/ ;kY/ uko ;kb pknd gsk bZrk fe dcsoK ftu gpfbe dhyZib y[nkoh pj[s j[zdh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;eZso/s ftu p?m/ T[ZunfXekohnK B{z fJe j'o th tZvh rZb dk gsk bZrk j? fe S'N/ w[bk}wgNtkoh s/ pkp{ foFts b? e/ b'eK dh pVh fSZb bkj[zd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/okJhN N{ ;oft; n?eN pD frnk j?. go fJ; ftu fijVh ;G s'A tZvhrZb ;wMD tkbh j?, T[j fJj j? fe @n"o'A e' B;hjs y[d whnK c}hjs#d/ nykD w[skfpe f;nk;h nj[d/dko s/ tZv/ tZv/ nc;o fejVk Gbhr[}kod/ jB. fJ; gZy'A f}bQk gZXo s'A pbke gZXo sZe seohpB ;ko/;kfjp pjkdo s/ iBkp th fejVk fe;/ s'A fgZS/ jB. go fJ; n?eN dkgk; j'Dk e[Zb fwbk e/ pZ; wkVh XkV rohpK #s/ tkbh rZb jh ikgdh j?.

fJ; soQK jh okJhN N{ fJBcow/FB n?eN th iBsk B{z ;oekohdcsoK ftu'A Bk fwbD tkbh s/ iK rabs ;{uBk B{z mZb gkT[D bJh j'Adftu fbnKdk frnk j?. fJ; dk gqsZy s"o #s/ n;o th j'fJnk j?. gonc;oK B/ th fJ; n?eN dhnK u'o w'ohnK Gkb e/ b'eK B{z rXh r/V gkfbnk j?. fJ; soQK jh e/Ado ;oeko B/ b'egkb dk fJe BtK jh S/Vk-S/fVnk ;h. go fJj fB:w-ekB{zB @;fNZb p"oB p/ph# Gkt wks-roGftu jh uVQkJh eo frnk ikgdk j?. j[D fGqFNkuko d/ fybk\ fto'XhgkoNhnK B{z wks d/D bJh oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh tZb'A jh XofBnK dk Yzw-

365

Yzwk sK f;o/ dk uzB dk ukVQ fojk j?. ;wM BjhA nkT[Adh fe j[D T[bN/pK; po/bh B{z{ fet/A ik oj/ jB. brdk j? fe rzrk T[bNh tfjD brh j?,fi; eoe/ ;wMDk n"yk j? fe ;oeko dh nkgDh jh ;ogq;sh j/m fJjXoB/ ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA jh fGqFNkuko d/ fto[ZX jB iK fco e'Jh oki;h bkjkb?D bJh okiBhsh dh trdh rzrk ftu jZE X'D torh ;oeko dh fJje'Jh bz{pV ukb j?.

j[D gzikp ;oeko B/ fGqFNkuko B{z ysw eoB bJh e/Ado ;oekodh bhs'-b/b dh Bhsh B{z fBFkBk pDk e/ nkgD/ jh ;ko/ f}fbQnK ftunkgD/ toeoK B{z XoB/ wkoB dk j[ew fdZsk j?. b'eK d/ ezB jZ; oj/ jBfe fJj rZb B"A ;" u{jk yk e/ fpZbh jZi B{z uZbh tkbh pD ojh j?. fJ;bJh b'e g[ZSd/ jB fe gzikp d/ ftu sK ;G s'A tZX fGqFNkuko sK gzikp;oeko eoe/ jh j? sK fJ; ;{os ;oeko nkgD/ fto[ZX jh XoBk wkoBdh pikJ/ nkgD/ jh uko e[ fGqFNkuko d/ gZy'A ikD/ iKd/ BkwhA ;ZiDK B{zfeT[A BjhA jZE gk b?Adh, fi; Bkb fe fGqFNkuko d/ nzs dh e'Jh uzrhF[o{nks j' ;e/. fJ; gqEkfJ @w[jzwd fJepkb# dk j/m fbfynk fFno;kv/ gzikp d/ w"i{dk jbksK nB[;ko ;kv/ feodko #s/ pVk Y[edk j?.

w;id s' pBk bh Fp Go w/A, JhwK eh jokos tkb'A B/wB ngBk g[okBk gkgh j?, po;'A ;/, Bwk}h pB B ;ek

fJ; soQK jh id'A n;hA FpdK d/ j/o-c/o eoe/ nkgDhnK ew}'ohnKB{z e/Ado d/ f;o wVQ oj/ jK sK ikgdk j? fe fJepkb B/ pj[s ;wK gfjbK;kv/ pko/ pj[s tXhnk rZb ehsh ;h

fJepkb pVk T[gd/Fe j?, wB pks'A ;/ w'j b/sk j?,r[\sko ek f:j rk}h s' pBk, feodko ek rk}h pB Bk ;ek

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fGqFNkuko o'eD d/ w;b/ #s/ gzikp ftu j[Dfw;ewhD/ fij/ nkr{{ @;{J/ wZM s/ }'o bkt/ eZNk# torh jk;'jhDh fijhekotkJh eo oj/ jB. wfj} nkgD/ rmi'V tkbh GkJhtkb gkoNh dhwdd ykso e/Ado ;oeko Bkb gszr-g/u/ gk oj/ jB. nkgDh ghVh EZb/;'Nk c/oB dh pikJ/ fpBK fe;/ ;zr-Fow d{finK d/ fybkc s'jwspk}hs/ d{FDpk}h eo oj/ jB. fJj nkgD/ xo dk e{Vk-eoeN pV/ p/r?oshfij/ sohe/ rtKYhnK d/ p{j/ nZr/ ;[ZN oj/ jB. fJBQK tZb'A fJ; ;ko/

366

o'b-rd'b ftu gzikp B{z dog/F pV/ rzGho w;b/ ekog?ZN j/m XZe/ ik oj/jB. fJj nkr{ fJj th ikDd/ jB fe d[BhnK ;G e[M ikDdh j?, go fcoth fJj B/sk b'e pVh rbs fijh jZm-Xowh Bkb fJj w;b/ pV/ jh vzrNgkT{ sohe/ Bkb w[bsth eo oj/ jB.

fJj rZb n;b ftu T[; nwbh tkbh j? fi; dh fe nkgDh jhfubw dh fuzrkoh Bkb xo ftu nZr bZr rJh. go T[j ;wMdk fojkfe T[; d/ nkb;h rtKYh nZr BjhA p[Mk oj/. id T[; B{z ;'Mh nkJh fefJj fe;/ d/ xo dk p;zso BjhA j?l ;r'A fJj sK nkgD/ xo nZr bZrhj'Jh j? sK T[d'A sZe nZr d/ ;/e Bkb T[; dh nkgDh dkVQh jh T[; d/ w{zjs'A vzvk-v/ok e{u eo rJh.

]?o! ;kok w[be iBsk s'A F[o{ j' e/ g"V/ d/ T[gob/ vzv/ sZe j[D f;ocwB'A-wBh jh BjhAl ;r'A ;ohAd wzB fojk j? fe nkgK ;ko/ jhdoik-p-doik fGqFN jK. go ;kvk ;G dk }'o d{i/ tZb B{z T[Arb eoBs/ Bkb yV/ pzd/ Bz{ BhtK ftykT[D #s/ bZrk j'fJnk j?. p/FZe fJ; ;ko/fGqFN tosko/ tk;s/ ;kvhnK ;oekoK s/ nkr{nK dh f}zw/tkoh nkgDhnKT[ZuhnK gdthnK eoe/ iBsk dh pfB;ps fes/ tZX j?. go ;kvh iBskth fGqFNkuko dh fJ; e"wh tpkn Gkt fpwkoh bJh T[BQh-fJZeh d/ coeBkb T[Bh jh f}zw/tko j?.

;kv/ nkr{ ;kv/ ftu'A jh jB ns/ ;kvh gpfbe dk th ;kv/ nkr{nKBkb jZv-wk; s/ bj{ dk foFsk j?. fJ; bJh fGqFNkuko, iwQKy'oh, pb?es/ foFtsy'oh dk eVk fi; fe;/ d/ th ;{s nkT[Adk j?l pZ; T[j jh fBjkbj'fJnk fcodk j?. e[Zb fwbk e/ fJ; gquZbD ftu ;kvk jkb @dky/ jZEBk T[gV/, nky/ E{j e"Vh# tork jh j?. iBsk fGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh s/ekb/ XB dh d[jkJh sK gkT[Adh j?. go i/ ftuko e/ d/yhJ/ fe fiE/ th;oft; iK ;oft; s'A pkjo fes/ th b'eK dk dkn cZpdk j? sK eh T[jnkgD/ ;wki s/ nkgD/ G?D-GkJhnK B{z fGqFNkuko dk X'ph gNVk wkoB s'Apk} nkT[Ad/ jB< don;b e'Jh th fJ; gZy'A Gbh r[}kodk BjhA fd;dk.

fJ; gqEkfJ w?B{z fcbw @jwok}# ftu FkfJo ;kfjo b[fXnkDth d/d/ rhs d/ p'bK dk fynkb nkT[Adk j? fe id'A fe;/ ;wkfie foFs/ ftufgnko s/ GoZg/ dk nzF f}nkdk j[zdk j? sK T[d'A pzdk @@gq;fsF eh swzBk

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j?, fJpkds ek fJokdk j?## efjzdk j?. go id'A ;wki ftu fgnko dhEK tgko ns/ ;/tk dh EK #s/ b'G bkbu dh GktBk gqpb j' u[eh j't/ sKwzsoh s'A b? e/ ;zsoh sZe nkgD/ @N{ ih ;g?eNqw# tor/ jo tZv/-S'N/ c?;b/dk w[Zb tZND bJh b'eK B{z nkgD/ Bt/A jh okr dopkoh ;[DkT[Ad/ fcod/jB. iBsk B{z tZYh d/D tk;s/ GowkT[D bJh @nkik w'o/ pkbwk s/okfJzs}ko j?# tor/ Bt/A jh rhs-wbQko @@gqshFs eh swzBk j?, foFts ekfJokdk j?## rkT[Ad/ fcod/ jB. p; fJT[A brdk j? fe j[D dcsoK ftug{ik nouBk s/ fJpkdsh fJokfdnK dh EK j[D e'Jh c?;bk j'D #s/ ;"d/pk}h ftu foFts b?D ti'A @nZX'-nZX ;tkjk# dh swzBk g{oh gqitfbs j'u[eh j?. gqf;ZX ^}br' dhge i?s'Jh B/ ;kv/ ;wkfie s/ dcsoh eko-ftjko ftu foFtsy'oh s'A b? e/ :"B F'FD sZe c?b/ fGqFNkuko B{z d/y e/jh ed/ fejk ;hL-

fdb dh fgnko rkro T{Dh j' rJhsVcdk wip{ohnK B{z t//ye/ i?s'JhykfjFK dh G[Zy j[D d{Dh j' rJh

pfjojkb ;kvh ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse ;'u ftu bkj/tzdh d/ gZy'A fjZ;/dkoh ns/ fco w[Zmh-ukgh s/ ukj-gkDh dh ;/tk ti'A foFts b?D d/fdqFNhe'DK dh gqXkBsk j' u[eh j?. fJ; dk w[Zy ekoB fJj j? fe ;kv/d/F dh fijVh 80 ch-;dh s'A tZX iBsk rohp j?, T[j nkgD/ b{D,s/b s/ bZeVhnK d/ w;b/ ftu g?;k-g?;k eodh fcodh j?. fco fijV/pkeh e'Jh yKd/-ghAd/ s/ ;fjzd/ ;ZiD jB, T[j g?;/ dh ewbh d"V s/ bkb;kftu nkg jh ewb/-p"o/ j' e/ G{so/ fcod/ jB. T[BQK B{z nkgD/ j}koKeo'V d/ XB-}yho/ th fJe-d{i/ d/ XB-GzvkoK d/ ;kjwD/ S'N/ bZrd/ jB.fJ; bJh ;dk-;dk s'A fJj nfsqgs nkswktK @XB d/ d/tsk e[p/o# dhoh; eoB dh j'V ftu bZrhnK j'JhnK jB.

n;hA ;ko/ wzBd/ jK fe fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh ;wki bJh p/jZdxkse s/ wko{ j?. go fco th ;'u e/ d/y' fe foFts e"D b? fojk j? s/foFts e"D d/ fojk j?< eh ;kvk nkg; ftu fJj fGqFNkukoh b?D-d/D;kvh nkg;h ;KM, fwbtosD s/ fFFNkuko dk gqshe BjhA pD frnk<fJ; ;{os/ jkb ftu ;kv/ nkgD/ b'e th d/F ftu c?bhnK foFtsy'oh s/

368

wfjzrkJh torh w[bkwsK d/ nkg th pokpo d/ Gkrh s/ e;{otko jB.

;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ n;hA ;ko/ @fw; wkfJnk# d/ fw;ewhD/ fij/ G"o jh jK.n;hA th N[Z[N/ nkFeK tKr{z ;'B/ s/ wkfJnk e[p/o nkgD/ wkF{eK d/ G"o pDe/ T[BQK d[nkb/ r/VhnK wkod/ s/ b/bVhnK eZYd/ fcod/ jK. n;hA nkgDhwkF{e-wkfJnk B{z GowkT[D bJh nkFeK tKr{z fJFe-w[Fe d/ jo nop/-jop/ Gkt fj;kp s/ u[;s-ubkehnK B{z n}wkT[Ad/ jK. fco id'A fJ;gZy'A e'Jh fj;kp iK e'Jh fJbki ekoro ;kfps BjhA j[zdk iK id'A fJ;tk;s/ ;kvh e'Jh dkb BjhA rbdh sK n;hA j'o e'Jh ukok Bk ubdkt/y e/ wip{oh tZ; ;kX{-;o{g Gb/wkD; fij/ pD iKd/ jK.

fJ; gqEkfJ ;kvk fJj ;wkfie ubD fpbe[b nfijk j' iKdk j? fefit/A @itkBh gfjo/# ftu i/ fe;/ BZY/ d/ nfVZe/ e'Jh e[Vh-fuVh Bk uVQ/sK T[j wjK-xNhnk pzdk UVe B{z B/ep]s GbhwkD; Xh-G?D dk BKnfe;/ foeF/ tkb/ s'A b? e/ fe;/ u'o-T[uZe/ Bkb wVQ fdzdk j?. fJ; soQKjh n;hA th seohpB ;ko/ jh e'M/ s/ p/Yzr/ fij/ UjV-g"jV Bkb wkfJnkgqkgsh bJh eoDgbkj eod/ jK. go id'A fes/ e[oZgFB d/ gZy'A ;kv/ tko/-fBnko/ BjhA j[zd/ sK n;hA fBo;zd/j jh fGqFNkukoK, foFtsy'oK s/d{FDpk}h #s/ dzdk Xo b?Ad/ jK.

pZ; ;wkfie p[okJhnK d/ gZy'A ;koh iBsk jh jwkw ftu Bzrh j?.go id'A fJ; trdh rzrk ftu jZE X'D dk e'Jh ;"yk-;[ykbk dkn BjhAbrdk sK n;hA fJj t/dK s/ rqzEK ftu'A T[dkjoDK d/ e/ w[ZbK, gzvsK s/GkJhnK tKr{z e'm/ uVQ e/ B;hjsh pKrK d/D bZr g?Ad/ jK. fco n;hA nkgD/-nkg Bz{{ Xow d/ m/e/dko s/ ;dkuko d/ nbzpodko pDk e/ nkgD/ jhe[ogZN G?D-GkJhnK dh pdBkwh s/ Gzvh-gquko dh i' r[Zvh uVQkT[Ad/ jKlT[j ;koh d[BhnK Bz{ jh fd;dh j?. go d[BhnK fJBQK @Feb w'wBK s/eos{s ekfcoK# fij/ ;ZiD d/ fJ]bke s/ feodko pko/ th ikDdh j? fefJj ;wki d/ @Bhb/-frZdV# T[go'A e[M j'o s/ nzdo'A e[M j'o jh j[zd/ jB.

go ;dkes sK fJj j? fe ;kv/ d/F, e"w s/ ;wki dk fJj pj[s jhe'Mk gfoubD j? fe n;hA nkgD/ fJ]bke s/ feodko dh rZb Bk eoe/jw/FK jh gk;b/ Gb/ pzfdnK dh y[Bkwh eoe/ T[BQK dh o/b pDkJh oZyd/jK. fw;kb ti'A ;kv/ ;wki ftu fi; dk ftnkj iK e'Jh j'o fiB;h

369

i[rkV BjhA j[zdkl T[j SV/-SVKr fgzv d/ Gb/ pzd/-p[VQhnK #s/ T{MK bkT[Ad/fcod/ jB. fJj ftuko/ ftnkj-ftj{D/ SV/ @wip{oh dk BK wjkswkrKXh# fijh g/Av{ ejkts nB[;ko nkgD/ nkg B{z pqjwukoh e[jkT[Ad/ jB.go pokdoh T[BQK Bz{ bczr/, w[FNzv/ s/ j'o gsk BjhA eh-eh nkydh j?.d{i/ gk;/ fJj SV/ @Bk ozB Bk ezB# d/ w[jkto/ w[skfpe fJeZb/-fJe?jo/T{m dh g{S tor/ vzvk wkso tes B{z cV/ ofjzd/ jB. go fJj SV/ pzd/ftnkfjnK-tfonK B{z ozB-w[ohd, }'o{ d/ r[bkw s/ moeh-G"o fij/ e'M/s]Zb;K d/ SKd/ fdzd/ fcod/ jB.

pfjojkb fJ; gq;zr ftu e"wh nkuoD dh nfjwhns s/ b'V dh rZbeod/ j'J/ ;kB{z u'o Bkb'A tZX u'o dh wK dh rZb eoB dh b'V j?. f;nkD/efjzd/ nkJ/ jB fe u'o B{z wkoB dh pikJ/ T[; dh wK B{z wko'. fJ; dkGkt fJj j? fe id'A s[;hA fe;/ p[okJh B{z ysw eoB dh ;'u' sK p[ok eoBtkb/ Bkb'A p[okJh dh iVQ B{z jh ysw eo'. ;kvk e"wh nkuoD yk; eoe/n}kdh s'A pknd sK e"w d/ nkr{nK dh nDrfjbh s/ fJ; gqEkfJ :'rnrtkJh dh r?o jk}oh ftu p/jZd froktN tZb B{z frnk j?.

nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe j[D sK fJj rZb e[Zs/ dh N/Yh g{Storh jh j' u[eh j?. fJe g[okDh XkoBk s/ wkBsk j? fe e[Zs/ dh g{S Gkt/A s[;hA 12 ;kb tzMbh ftu gk oZy', go c/o th T[j ftzrh jh ofjzdh j?.fpbe[Zb ;kvh r[bkw wkBf;esk ftu uzr/ gk;/ B{z s[oB s/ nkgD/ nkg B{z;[XkoB dh e'Jh f}nkdk r[zikfJF BjhA ofj rJh j?. fJ; dk w[Zy ekoBfJj j? fe ;kvh bzph r[bkwh B/ ;kB{z }fjBh r[bkwh fJe e'Mh ;[rks d/o{g ftu fdsh j?, fi; eoe/ n;hA nkgD/ ;[nkoEK, bkGK s/ w[ckdK s'AT[go fBo;[nkoE j' e/ go;[nkoE dh rZb jh BjhA ;'ud/.

fJ; s'A fpBK ;kB{z ;dhnK s'A fJe nkds g? u[eh j? fe n;hA fJzB/wsbp gq;s j' rJ/ jK fe wzd/Gkrh n;hA b'V t/b/ @rX/ B{z th pkg efjD#bJh th wFj{o j' rJ/ jK. ;kB{z nkgDh ;[nkoE s/ wzst f;ZXh bJh xos'A b? e/ d/F sZe oki;Zsk dh b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z fJe nkgDk nkekGkt jkew ukjhdk j?, fi; dh ukgb{;h s/ y[Fkwd eoe/ n;hA nkgDkr[bkwh dk MZ; g{ok eo ;ehJ/ ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;kB{z fJe r[bkw ukjhdk j?fi; dk fe n;hA nkgDh wBwo}h Bkb F'FD eoe/ nkgD/ nkg B{z

370

j[ewokB nytkT[D dk ;[nkd g{ok eo ;ehJ/.

;kB{z fJe jkew iK wkbe ukjhdk s/ fJe r[bkw iK B"eo ukjhdkj?. ;kB{z jkew fJ; bJh ukjhdk j? sK fe n;hA T[; B{z ih j}{ohJ/ pDe/ wkJh-pkg efj ;ehJ/. ;kB{z fJ; soQK jh ;kB{z nkgD/ EZb/ fJe B"eoukjhdk j? sK fe n;hA nkgDh ra?o wB[Zyh fcsos d/ sfjs T[; B{zrXk-y'sk efj e/ nXhBrh wBk ;ehJ/. ;kvh fJ; gqnXhBsk tkbh ;'ud/ ekoB jh nzro/}K B/ @;?ZN J/ Ehc N{ e?u J/ Ehc# dh Bhsh ;kv/ #s/ bkr{ehsh ;h. fJj Bhsh yk; s"o #s/ ;kv/ dcsoK ftu j[D sZe th uZb ojhj? fe eboe s'A b? e/ fvgNh efwFBo sZe i/ e'Jh mZrh-m'oh j[zdh j? sKdoik-p-doik fJj w[bk}w fJe d{i/ B{z u?Ze eoB. go r"osbp j? fenzro/}K dh fJj Bhsh th n;hA c/bQ eo fdZsh j? feT[Afe j[D seohpBjo dcso ftu @T[gobh ewkJh# ;KM/dkoh s/ ;KMhtkbsk d/ f;XKsnB[;ko tzvh ik ojh j?.

fJ; soQK dhnK fJB;kBh fcsosK dh e[Zb iwQK s\ohe s'A pkndjT[w? s/ c'eh X"A; iwkT[D d/ gZy'A Gkosh ihtB-F?bh dk ;ko e[ZM fJ;soQK fijk j? fe ;kB{z nkgD/ s'A T[go fJe j[ewokB dh b'V Gk;dh j? ns/fJ; soQK jh ;kB{z nkgD/ nkg B{z ;Zu/-M{m/ wkbe ejkT[D s/ nkgD/M{m/-w{m/ wkbeh je{e fdykT[D bJh ;kB{z nkgD/ s'A EZb/ fonkfJnk-gqiko{gh r[bkw iK ro}wzd pzd/ ukjhd/ jB. pZ; nfijk uZbD ;kvh wkBf;ewip{oh pD frnk j?.

;kv/ nkuoD ftu fJB;kBh ew}'ohnK B{z ;[XkoB dh pikJ/ ykwhnKpyFtkT[D bJh nodk;K dh pj[s tZvh nfjwhns j?. fJ; dk ekoB;gFN j? fe n;hA nkgDhnK wkVhnK nkdsK B{z ;[XkoB d/ eFN ftu BjhAg?Dk ukj[zd/. n;hA nkgD/ wjKg[oyK tb'A fdZsh ;kB{z sg-fsnkr s/ ;kXBkdh ;zEk-f;Zfynk B{z eFNdkfJe wzBd/ jK. fJ; tk;s/ n;hA ne;o@@np eh pkfo pyf; pzd/ eT[## torhnK wB-wB"shnK tkbhnodk;-p/BshnK Bkb nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ s'A nkgD/ wkV/ ezw s/ r[Bkjfsikosh fij/ sohe/ Bkb wBtkT[D/ ukj[zd/ jK. go X[o wB'A ;kvhgqftosh @Bk ;[Xo/ j?A n"o Bk jh ;[Xo/Ar/# tkbh jh ofjzdh j?.

j[D ikgdk j? fe fJB;kBh fcsos dhnK nfijhnK ykwhnK ;kvh

371

;w[Zuh e"w d/ nkuoD dhnK ew}'ohnK jh pD e/ ofj rJhnK jB. fJE/fJj rZb th pj[s jh rzGhosk Bkb ftukoB tkbh j? fe ;kv/ wzdoK dhnKNZbhnK, w;fidK dhnK n}kBK-pkrK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ bkT{v ;gheofdB-oks ;kB{z nksfwe s"o #s/ irkT[D dh e'fFF ftu j'ek fdzd/ ofjzd/jB. ;t/o/-Fkw wzdoK, w;fidK s/ r[od[nkfonK ftu Xkofwe, B?fse,;wkfie s/ ;dkukoe f;Zfynk dk gqtkj ubdk ofjzdk j?l go fJj ;Ge[ZM ;[DB pkti{d th fJ; gZy'A ;kv/ p'bQ/ ezBK #s/ e'Jh n;o BjhA j[zdk s/Bk jh ;kvk e'Jh nksfwe Gbk j[zdk fd;dk j?. p/FZe efjD B{z fJj wkVh rZbj?, go ;kvh ihtB-F?bh dh fJj e"Vh ;ZukJh j? fe fJ; gZy'A ;kvk nkuoDfBZih b'GK, bkbuK s/ ;[nkoEK d/ ekoB fiT[A dk fsT[A wkVk pfDnk ofjzdkj? ns/ e[Zs/ dh g{S tKr N/Y/ dk N/Yk jh ofjzdk j?.

w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe ;kvk e"wh gZXo #s/ jh fJj ubD jh pD frnkj? fe n;hA fJe-d{i/ dh p/wsbp fijh S's MkVd/ fcod/ jK. i/ ;wki iKf;nk;h d[BhnK dk fJe tor d{i/ tor dh wkB-jkBh eoe/ fJZeh o[gJ/torh ;bkwh fdzdk j? sK d{ik fto'Xh tor fJ; ;bkwh B{z fJeZsh o[gJ/ dh;bkwh-;zXko/ Bkb w'Vdk j?. ;kv/ ;wki ftu fJj pj[s jh wzdGkrh rZb j?fe n;hA ne;o nkb'uBk f;oc fJe-d{i/ B{z fmZph wkoB s/ Nzr fyZuD dhro} Bkb Gzvh-gquko wkso jh eod/ jK. ;kB{z d/F s/ ;wki d/ fjZs ftungwkB ofjs f;jswzd nkb'uBk eoB dh iku jh BjhA j?.

fco j[D sK wK-pkg s/ nfXnkgeK tb'A pZfunK d/ Fy;hnsh fBowkDbJh b'VhAdh MkV-Mzp th BjhA j[zdh, fi; d/ wkV/ gqwkD gqsZy jB. ;kv/iB-ihtB ftu xoK s'A b? e/ e"wh gZXo sZe tv/fonK tZb'A ;dkuko s/;fGnkuko nZy go'y'A eoB eoe/ ;kvh ihtB F?bh ftu e[ohshnK s/e[;zrshnK xo eo rJhnK jB. w/oh iku/ nfijh e;{sh e"wh efVZeh ftuc;h ;kvh ;w[Zuh b'ekJh tk;s/ B[;y/ s/ T[guko i/ e'Jh T[whd dh fuDrfd;dh j? sK T[j e/tb s/ e/tb fJj j? fe jo pzdk xZN'-xZN gzi e[ ;kbbJh fe;/ j'o B{z nkgD/ gqtuBK Bkb ;[XkoB dh EK f;oc s/ f;oc nkgD/nzdo Mksh wko e/ nkgD/-nkg B{z jh ;'X/ s/ ;[Xko/.

fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh B{z ysw eoB d/ ;zdoG ftu i/ fe;/;ZukJh iK :EkoE d/ nXko #s/ fpBK fe;/ bZr-bg/N d/ e'Jh ;Zuh-;[Zuh

372

rZb eoBh j't/ sK fJ; d/F wko{ fGqFNkukoh gq/s B{z BZE-Be/b gkT[D dhfe;/ th f;nk;h gkoNh iK w"i{dk nkr{ dh wBFk BjhA j?. fco fJ; s'AfJbktk i/ gzikp dk Gbk eoB tkbk e'Jh wod-J/-ekwb GkbDk j't/ sKj' ;edk j? fe nfijk g[oy bZGD s'A th Bk fwb/. j[D shi/ pdb d/ T[Go/nkr{ d/ fBZih fJybke s/ T[; tb'A gzikp B{z ;zGkbD s/ ;ztkoB d/ ;zebgs'A fJe T[whd fijh pZMh j? fe T[j ;Zu-w[Zu jh e[ZM eo ;edk j?. T[jt}kos s'A fJe ejkts @u[e ukdok uoQh ftu uZbhJ/, wZeh ftugZS bVd/# nB[;ko szr nk e/ p"jVh-p"jVh eodk GZfink j?.p/FZe T[; #s/ b'e-Fzek dk fJj th fJb}kw brdk j? fe T[j th fJe'jh E?bh d/ uZfNnK-tZfNnK ftu'A jh j?.

go ;kvh fonk;s s/ ;kvh f;nk;s ftu e[ZM eo ;eD dh ;woEkjk;b eoB bJh gfjbK fJb?eFBK dh xkNh ftu'A bzxDk g?Adk j?. gofJ; xkNh ftu'A bzxD tkb/ Fkj ;tkoK pko/ iZr ikDdk j? fe fJe-fJeftXkB ;Gk dh ;hN fiZsD bJh 2-4 eo'V BjhA, ;r'A 10 eo'V B{z jZEik brdk j?. fJ; ;{os ftu fe;/ th Bt/A f;nk;h :'X/ bJh nkgDh c"iB{z po;o/-fJedko Gkt oki;Zsk ftu fbnkT[Dk gfjbK sK ;zGt jh BjhAikgdk. go wzB bU fe i/ fJj oZp d/ j[ew Bkb fes/ j' th frnk sK@GKv/ BjhA iK GKfvnK tkbh BjhA# d/ nykD w[skfpe ;wM' fe GKfvnKtkbh sK FkfJd pu ikJ/rh, go GKv/-NhAv/ BjhA ofjD/.

fJ; dk ;gFN wsbp fJj j? fe fJb?eFB fiZsD s/ oki;ZskekfJw eoB tkbh gkoNh sK FkfJd nk ikt/rh, go fi; fGqFNkuko s/g?;/ d/ }'o Bkb T[j gkoNh nkt/rh, T[; nB[;ko Gkt GKv/-NhAv/ GktokiBhfse nkdoF s/ ;zebg BjhA ofjD/. ;r'A fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'ohofjs okiGkr ubkT[D d/ nkdoFK s/ ;zebgK B{z @y[dk jkf\}# jh efjDkgt/rk. fGqFNkuko s/ foFtsy'oh B{z ysw eoB d/ gq;zr ftu id'A s'AfgSb/ 50e[ ;kb d/ d"okB ojhnK tZy-tZy f;nk;h gkoNhnK dhekor[}koh d/yd/ jK sK ;G B/ jh iBsk dh wip{oh s/ bkukoh d/ nkj{bkj/ jB. fco T[BQK B/ okw oki s/ nkdoF ;wki d/ Y'b-Brko/ tikT[Dd/ pkti{d th b'e ;/tk d/ B/e nkdoFK s/ ezwK B{z nkgD/-nkgD/ nzdk}ftu fe;/ B/ igkBh GkFk ftu @;kfJUBkok# s/ fe;/ B/ o{;h GkFk ftu

373

@d;t/dkBhnk# Gkt nbftdk jh fejk j?.

]?o! j[D sZe i' ;wK phfsnk j? s/ gzikp dh iBsk B/ nkgD/ sB #s/jzYkfJnk j?, T[; d/ nXko #s/ gzikp d/ v[Zpd/ p/V/ B{z feBko/ bkT[D tkbkf;oc s/ f;oc fJe jh wod-J/-w[ikfjd fd;dk j?. fJ; gZy'A g[okD/ewKvo s'A jh E'VQh-pj[s T[whd oZyh ik ;edh j?, i' fe gzikp dkfJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko ikBD eoe/ gzikp, gzikph s/ gzikphnsdh Bp} gSkDdk j?. fJj gzikp d/ dog/F w[ZfdnK s/ w;fbnK pko/;zt/dBFhb th j?. fJ; tk;s/ fe;/ gzikp fto'Xh w;b/ #s/ fJj f;nk;h:'Xk nkgD/ tv/o/ ioB?bK Bkb th f;ZXk wZEk vkj b?Adk j?.

go fJ; d/ T[bN pkeh ;ko/ f;nk;h ioB?b, :'X/ s/ iE/dko sK id'Agzikp d/ okiBhfse, nkofEe, ;wkfie iK ;fGnkukfoe w;fbnK dhrZb nkT[Adh j? sK G'b/-Gzvkoh fij/ jh pD iKd/ jB. T[j ne;o pV/ jh;zihdk s/ rzGho w;fbnK pko/ xkT{A-xZg fij/ j' e/ @nkgK B{z eh# efjzd/;[D/ ik ;ed/ jB. fco T[j j'o th ewb/-owb/ fij/ pD e/ g[ZSfrZS eod/jB fe nkgK fJ; w;b/ ftu'A eh eZYDk-gkT[Dk j?< fco T[BQK dh fJjth ikBD dh e'fFF j[zdh j? fe fJj w;bk nkgD/ eh ezw nkT{rk s/ fJ;dk eh ckfJdk j? iK fJ; dk nkgK B{z eh fBo'b bkG j??<

nkfyo rZb wZ[e-w[ek e/ fJE/ gj[zudh j? fe id'A B{z fJj fF;spk}nkgDk fBFkBk ;kXd/ jB, T[d'A B{z @s'sk# T[vkoh wko iKdk j?. fJ; ;ko/gq;zr dk noE f;oc fJj jh j? fe f}nkdkso ;kv/ bhvo e"w dk ;jhwkor-doFB eoB bJh b'VhAdh p[ZXhwsk s/ d{onzd/Fh s'A ftot/ jB. fJ;bJh id'A th e'Jh rzGho s/ ;zihdk w;bk ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nkT[Adk j? sKne;o jh n;hA n;bh w[Zd/ B{z B}o nzdk} eoe/ w;kfbnK ftu s/bc{ed/ ofjzd/ jK. d{i/ gk;/ fJj th ne;o d/yD ftu nkfJnk j? fe ;"Vhs/ fBZih ;'u ekoB n;hA r?o-}o{oh w;fbnK B{z th Xow ;zeN pDk fdzd/jK. fJ; soQK gzikp s/ gzikphns dh y[Fjkbh s/ soZeh d/ w;b/dofeBko j' iKd/ jB ns/ gpfbe n"MV okj gJh ofjzdh j?.

w/oh iku/ fe;/ th w[Zd/ iK w;b/ d/ G{s-gq/s B{z iV'A s/ i{fVT[A cV e/jZb eoB bJh e[M ;wK efjD, e[M ;wK ;[DB s/ pj[sk ;wK eoB dkjz[dk j?. fJ; tk;s/ fe;/ th wB'oE iK fynkb B{z skpho d/D bJh gfjbK

374

nkgDh okJ/ d/D s/ efjD dk ;wK j[zdk j?l fco T[; d/ gqsheow ti'A b'eKdh okJ/ s/ pfj; B{z ;[DB s/ ftukoB dk NkJhw j[zdk j?. go nyho ftujw/FK ;wK e[M eoB dk j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh d/F s/ e"w d/ fjZs ftunfijh ;kofEesk s/ B/e Bhsh dk ;ekoE j'Dk p/jZd bk}wh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJ; tk;s/ nkgD/ tb'A nkgDh b'e GbkJh dhsith} eoB s/ efjD d/ fBFfus ;w/A s'A pknd b'eK d/ okJ/-wFto/;[DB T[gozs nkgDh dbhb d/ e/ ;N/N w[yh B{z e'Jh ekB{zB-ftXkBpDkT[Dh ukjhdh j?. fJ; ;ko/ ftuko-tNKdo/ d/ gfoubD fgZS'AekB{zB-ftXkB pDkT[D s'A pknd pkeh i' ;wK pudk j?, ;oeko T[; ;w/A B{z fJe wB-fJe fuZs j' e/ b'e ;/tk fjZs tos/. fJ; s'A fJbktk j'oth }o{oh j? fe ;oeko b'e fjZs d/ ekB{zBK B{z n;o-nzdk} sohe/ BkbgkoNh bkJhBK s'A T[go T[m e/ gzikp d/ ftek; s/ iBsk dh y[Fjkbhtk;s/ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eo/.

pfjojkb j[D fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp dh jh BjhA ;r'A ;w[Zu/ d/F dhefjD-;[DB s/ eoB d/ gZy'A ;fEsh fJj pD rJh j? fe n}kdh s'A pknd65 ;kb sZe j[D ;kv/ f;nk;h b'eK B/ pj[s e[M efj fbnk j? s/ T[;s'A tZX iB-iBkodB s'A ;[D th fbnk j?. fJ; ;ko/ ;[DB-;[DkT[D d/gfoeoD d/ ;zdoG ftu i' gzikp dk ftek; j'fJnk j? s/ i' e[ZM b'e fjZsftu j'o p/nzs j'D tkbk pkeh j?, T[; pko/ fe;/ ftnzreko eth B/ mhejh fejk j? feL-

jZv r'v/ ;bkws s{z oZy oZpk, dzd tZid/ ezpD ;tkohnK ihnZXh ;dh n}kdh dh bzx rJh J/, woB bJh ;j{bsK ;kohnK ih

fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;wK e/tb s/ e/tb eoB dk jh j?. fJ; tk;s/fJZXo-T[ZXo eh pks s/ Nkb-wN'b dh ;[nkoEh s/ f;nk;h Bhsh B{z SZve/ d/F s/ e"w d/ fjZs ftu fBo;tkoE gqshpZXsk Bkb fdB-oks fJeeoB dh b'V j?. go fJ; o;s/ ftu ;kB{z pj[s jh tZvh u[D"sh s/fusktBh fJj th j? fe fJ; o;s/ ftu n"eVK s/ n"MVK th pj[s jB,fit/A fe fe;/ FkfJo B/ fejk j? fe

pj[s w[Ffeb j? d[BhnK ek ;ztoBk:/j s/oh }[b\ ek g/u'-]w BjhA j?

375

fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z jo tes fusktBh ti'A @u"e;h jNh s/ d[oxNBk xNh#dh b'e f;nkDg th :kd oZyD dh b'V j?. ;G s'A tZvh rZb fJj j? fe b'e;/tk dk ezw Grsh s/ ;kXBk tKr n"yk th pVk j?. fJ; eoe/ jh d/F s/;wki ;/tk ftu bZr/ b'eK bJh @f}zdrh jo o'} fJe BJh izr j?#.

go ;kv/ ;wki ftu nyho #s/ fJ; ;ko/ frnkB-ftuko s'A pkndrZb fJE/ nk e/ w[Zedh j? fe b'e ;/tk ftu bZr/ oZp d/ pzfdnK d/ id'A e'JhB/e-gke ekotkJh eoB dh ;woEk nkw s"o #s/ @pkJ/A nzr# BjhA nkT[AdhsK fJ; jkbs ftu T[j B/e iB th fJe d[fuZsh ftu g? iKd/ jB. T[BQKd/ pofybkc ;wki fto'Xh nB;oK dhnK fto'Xh ukbK ne;o dhtko pDe/ yVQhnK j' iKdhnK jB. fJ; ;fEsh ftu uzr/ nkr{ th ;kvh f;nk;ss/ f;nk;h ihtB d/ e'M/ gquZbDK dk jh fjZ;k pD iKd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ed/ T[j gkoNh fjZs ftu s/ ed/ oki;Zsk dh rZdh d/ fjZs ftu nkgDknkdoFtkd e[opkB eo fdzd/ jB.

fJ; s'A fJbktk jo pzd/ ftu nkgD/ nzdo fJe izr j[zdh j?. T[jfJj fe fJe gk;/ pzd/ d/ nkgD/ nzdob/ nfXnkswtkd s/ gdkoEtkdftu fyZu'skD j[zdh j?. d{i/ gk;/ T[j r[owfs s/ d[owfs d/ ;ztkdhtkd-fttkd ftu T[bM iKdk j?. nkgD/ Bkb jh oukJ/ fJ;pfj;-w[pkfj;/ d"okB T[j ed/ wkBf;e s"o #s/ nkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK d/nfXnkswtkd dh ;zEk tZb w[Vdk j? ns/ ed/ ;kv/ j[D d/ okiBhfsetksktoD s/ ;wkfie tk-to'fbnK dhnK r/VhnK bkT[Adk j?. fJ; soQKfJe wB ftu jh fJe' ;w/A id'A nfij/ nkgk fto'Xh fynkb T[gid/ jBsK @r[o{-u/bk bkbuh, d'B'A y/vD dkn# torh y/v j[zdh ikgdh j?. nfijhT[s'-nfVZsh dh wkBf;esk ftu e'Jh th pzdk }\o r'oyg[oh dh fbyhs/ gzei T[Xk; dh rkJh ra}b d/ p'bK B{z d[jokT[Adk j? feL-

n? raw/A f}zdrh s{ jh d/ e'Jh wFtokfJe soc T[; ek xo, fJe soc w?edk

go don;b id'A nfijh rzGho ;fEsh s/ ;'u ftu pzdk c;dk j? sK;kv/ ftu yfjVk S[vkT[D dh gqftosh ne;o jh gqpb j' iKdh j?. n;hAfco Nkbk tZND #s/ fe;/ pj[s tXhnk rZb B{z th NkbD dh ro} Bkbne;o fJj efjzd/ jK fe fJ; rZb bJh j[D ;wK BjhA j?l fJ; tk;s/

376

fes/ p?m e/ rZb eoKr/. ;kvh fJ; wkVh gqftosh dh soiwkBh fe;/FkfJo B/ fJBQK FpdK ftu ehsh j?-

Bk s[w j'F w/ j' Bk jw j'F w/A j?Aub' w?ed/ w/A tjhA pks j'rh

w[Zedh rZb! nfij/ jkb-jkbksK ftu jh fJj nkr{ ;wK bzxkT[D s/vzr NgkT[D bJh efjzd/ jB, uZb' ih! fJj rZb pj[s jh ;wMD-ftukoBtkbh j?, fJ; bJh fes/ y[ZbQ/ NkJhw p?m e/ rZb eoKr/. go n;b fturZb fJj j[zdh j? fe fiE/ BthA ;'u-ftuko s/ Bt/A T[Zdw-T[gokb/ dh rZbnkT[Adh j? sK n;hA e'Jh Bt/A ftuko s/ ;[Mkn ;[D e/ gfjbK jh gkDh ftup?m iKd/ jK. fJ; tk;s/ p?m e/ rZb eoKr/ efjD dh pikJ/ @oZp B{zjk}o-Bk}o ikD e/# efjDk pDdk j? fe fJj ;zihdk rZb fes/ bzw/ g?e/ eoKr/.

go dojehes i' ;kv/ p[fBnkdh w;b/ jB, n;hA T[BQK s'A Nkbk tZNd/jK s/ pV/ p/wkfJnB/ s/ p/p[fBnkd w;fbnK B{z n;hA iBsk dk fXnkB gk;/NkbD bJh n;hA yVQ/ eo b?Ad/ jK. fJ; soQK n;hA nZi ;kv/ g[ofynK tb'As/ ;kv/ FjhdK s/ e[opkBh d/ g[ziK tb'A dks ti'A fwb/ oki Gkr B{z n;hAnkgDh r\bs s/ nDikDg[D/ ftu e"vh-xZN/ fwbk oj/ jK. nZi ;kv/ni'e/ Xkofwe, ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse feodko s'A fJe iZr-}kfjo;ZukJh B}o nkT[Adh j? fe nZi gzikp ftu @F/oK dhnK p?meK #s/ frZdVeoB eb'b# ns/ @eK pkr d/ ftu eb'b eod/ e{Vk c'bD/ B{z fJE/ w'oehs/# fij/ eko/-tosko/ j' oj/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ ;kvh fJe pVh jhekNthA b'e f;nkDg j?, fi; B{z fe ;wMD dh b'V j? fe @s[;hA eo' j:ke[nkohU Bh, ni/ d[ZX dhnK dzdhnK yhohnK BhA#. tkfo; Fkj whnK sKfJ; pko/ nyhobh rZb efj frnk j? fe @tkfo; Fkj soZeb/ tb fgnk,f;ZXk j't/ Bk pkM jm'bhJ/ ih#. fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z fJj' fij/ jm'bhnK,sphpK s/ eow:'rhnK dh b'V j? i' fe @ftrfVnK-fsrfVnK dk ghovzvk# pD e/ ;kv/ tor/ uKGb/-ubke s/ yow;shnK eoB tkfbnK B{zokj/-ok;s fbnkT[D.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu j'o th pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ;'uD-ftukoB tkbhrZb fJj j? fe i/ n;hA oZp tb'A fwbh ;wki ;/tk dh ;woEk s/ w'jbs

377

B{z ;jh s"o #s/ Bk tofsnk sK fJj rZb j'Dh j? fe @tkfo; Fkj sB{oftu dZp p?mk ewbk xZfbnk ozrD/ ;kb{nK B{z# s/ fco T[; s'A pknd@nwbK pkM dorkj ftu g?D g"b/, b'eK ftu whnK tkfo; Fkj j'fJnk#nB[;ko nNZbkXhnK ;ZukJhnK Bkf}b j' ikDrhnK ns/ fco dorkfj ftuoZp'A ;}kJhnK fwbDrhnK. ]?o! fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kv/ tofrnK B{z u/sktBh d/D s/ ;wMkT[D tk;s/ jh tkfo; Fkj dk nfs T[Zsw eEB j? fe@tkfo; Fkj Bwk} dk co} tZvk f;o'A bkj U fdbpok tk;sk Jh#.

378

2 2

J/j[ jwkok ihtDkGkos d/ :'iBk efwFB tb'A ;[gohw e'oN ftu fdZs/ rJ/ jbcBkw/

nB[;ko rohph o/yk B{z T[go u[eD d/ :sB ;pzXh j[D ;ko/ Gkos d/nypkoK s/ NhHthH u?BbK B/ soEZbh wuk fdZsh j?. ;oeko B/ j[D i'phHghHn?ZbH Gkt rohph o/yk s'A Eb/ ftneshnK s/ T[BQK dh nkwdB d/Bt/A wkgdzv BFo ehs/ jB, T[; nB[;ko j[D FfjoK ftu xZN'-xZNfBopkj-r[}ko/ dh ;hwk FfjoK ftu 20 o[gJ/ s'A tXk e/ 32 o[gJ/ ns/fgzvK ftu 15 o[gJ/ s'A tXk e/ 26 o[gJ/ eo d/D dk tZvk wknoekwkfonk j?.

go pVh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB dh rZb fJj j? fe ;oeko d/ fJ;:sB dk T[bNk n;o fJj j' fojk j? fe d/F dk rohp tor sK fJegk;/ fojkl ;r'A wZX torh ;kok ;wki th ;oeko dh fJ; ekotkJh #s/pKn-pKn eo T[fmnk j?. rohpK tk;s/ xV/-xVkJ/ rJ/ fJ; noEuko/s'A sK fJj jh ;wM nkT[Adh j? fe nZi dh wfjzrkJh ftu 32 o[gJ/ ftuf;oc 300 rokw eDe iK u"b, 250 e[ ;" rokw ;p}h iK dkb, 150rokw rzY/-fgnk} s/ 100 fwbh-fbNo dZ[X jh nkT[Adk j?. i/ fJefwjBseF feo;kB iK w}d{o Bz{ ;oeko d/ w[skfpe fJj y[okeszdo[;s oZy ;edh j? sK pZ; oZp jh ;[Zy oZy/.

fco j'o th fceo tkbh rZb fJj j? fe gsk BjhA T[j ns/ T[; #s/fBoGo T[; dk gfotko s/ pkb-pZuk fet/A fiT[Adk j?< p/FZe fe;/ ;{osftu th fJj oZp brdh rZb sK BjhA j?, go :'iBk efwFB th ftdtkBKdk Gfonk fgnk j? fJ; bJh mhe jh efjzdk j't/rk fe fJe fdB ftunkgDh ykX-y[oke tk;s/ Ffjo ftu 32 o[gJ/ gqsh fdB s/ 965 o[gJ/gqsh wjhBk youD tkbk ns/ fgzvK ftu 26 o[gJ/ gqsh fdB s/ 781 o[gJ/youD tkbk pzdk rohph o/yk s'A Eb/ BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk.

wjkswk rKXh B/ nfij/ rohp pzd/ B{z Gkos dk nyhobk Bkrfoefejk ;h ns/ d/F dh ;oeko s/ ;zgzB torK B{z T[; rohp sZe gj[zu eoBdk th ;zd/F fdZsk ;h. rKXh ih s'A gfjbK ;tkwh ftt/ekBzd B/ fFekr' s'Aw?;{o d/ wjkoki/ B{z 23 i{B 1894 d/ gZso ftu fbfynk ;h fe

379

fjzd';skB tk;s/ ;G s'A tZvk w;bk fe;/ rohp dh rohph j?. fJ; tk;s/;kB{z rohph B{z d{o eoBk ukjhdk j?, go i/ e[ZM th Bk j' ;e/ sK xZN'-xZN ;kB{z nkgDhnK rohp iwksK B{z fJzBh e[ skbhw d/ d/Dh ukjhdh j? feT[j nkgD/ r[nku/ j'J/ ftneshst dk ftek; eo ;eD.

;tkwh ih B/ fJ; e"wh ;zebg B{z f;o/ uVQkT[D bJh fJj ;[Mkn thfdZsk ;h fe ;kv/ bZyK gqukoe Xow gquko d/ Bkb Bkb rohpK B{z gVQkT[Ddk ezw th F[o{ eo d/D. T[BQK dk fJj ;[Mkn nZi th gqk;zfre j?. fJ; tk;s/gzikp ftu F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh B{z th ukjhdk j? fe T[j Xowgquko d/ Bkb Bkb rohpK B{z gVQkT[D dh T[Zusw ;/tk B{z th fBGkT[D. ;tkwhftt/ekBzd B/ ;kB{z fJj th nkd/F fdZsk ;h fe G[Zy/ s/ p/nk;ok rohpK B{z@dfbZdo-BokfJD# s'A okjs fdtkT[D bJh Gkosh e"w fJew[Zm s/ fJei[ZNj' e/ jzGbk wko/. y?o! n;hA fJj sK ;G e[ZM G[Zb-G[bk jh rJ/ jK. go fcoth ed/-edkJhA fJBQK nDj'J/ fij/ nyhob/ pzfdnK dh j'Dh-nDj'Dh t/y e/oZp B{z fJj fBj'ok d/D B{z ihn eodk j? feL-

s/o/ ozrK dk G/s Bk nkfJnk, d[BhnK pDkT[D tkfbnk

fJ; soQK jh d/F d/ eoDXko B/sktK B{z th efjD-g[ZSD dk wB pDdkj? fe fJBQK rohpK dh nkwdB sK nkgD/ ;kj-;Zs ukb{ oZyD tk;s/ jhyou j' iKdh j?. fco fJj rohp oZp nZr/ @@J/j[ jwkok ihtDk s{;kfjp ;u/ t/y[# efjzd/-g[ekoB/ oZp nZr/ ;Zu/ jh e[obkT[Ad/ jB. j[D;tkb fJj g?dk j[zdk j? fe eh nkgD/ nkg B{z g?rzpoh skesK d/ pokpo;dkT[D-ejkT[D tkb/ ;kv/ bhvo ikDd/ jB fe rohpK nkwdB sK;hfws s'A th ;hfws j?. go fJBQK d/ pZfunK dhnK ch;K s/ vkeNohfJbki d/ you/ sK UB/ jh jB, fizB/ fe ;kv/ ;fjzd/, oZi/ g[Zi/ s/ nkco/nwho ;wki d/ tk;s/ jB.

f}eo:'r j? fe f}zdrh d/ j'o o'}woQk d/ }o{oh you/ rohp dhT[gG'rsk d/ nkpok-evkpok fj;kp-feskp ftu Fkwb jh BjhA jB.fJ; bJh :'iBk efwFB iK j'o y'i ;z;EktK d/ ftu p?m/ wjKoEhnK Bz{fJj th wzBDk gt/rk fe b{D Bz{ yzv efjD Bkb b{D dh ;b{Dh eVtkjNysw BjhA j' iKdh. fco fJ; soQK d/ noEFk;so d/ nzeV/ s/ sEK dhny"sh w[jkos d/ gquko s/ gqkg/rzv/ Bkb @rohph jNkT[D# tor/ ;zebg

380

s/ T[d/F th gqkgs BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. fJ; soQK jh fit/A yzv dh p'oh #s/b{D fbyD Bkb ehfVnK Bz{ yzv dh p'oh Bz{ bZrD s'A jNkfJnk BjhA ik;edk, T[; soQK jh ;ZukJh s/ n;bhns Bz{ F{ro-e'fNv fwZm/-fwZm/n?bkBK s/ fpnkBK Bkb nkgDh ftdtsk dk Yzv'ok sK fgfNnk ik ;edkj?, go fJ; Bkb fe;/ jkbs ftu th rohph s/ rohp dhnK ;wZf;nktKBz{ jZb BjhA ehsk ik ;edk.

j[D/ fij/ jh gqb'e f;Xko/ ;z;ko gqf;ZX ezfgT{No ezgBh n?gb d/pkBh ;Nht i"p} dh wkJheb w'ohN} tb'A fbyh ihtBh d/ jtkb/ BkbdZf;nk frnk j? fe T[j 70ftnK ftu nfXnksfwe FKsh dh y'i ftuGkos nkfJnk ;h. go T[j fJE/ efjDh s/ eoBh d/ coe B{z d/y e/fBokF j' e/ tkg; ubk frnk ;h. T[; dk efjDk j?, @@w?A t/fynk,fjzd';skBh b'e w/oh nk; s'A th fes/ f}nkdk rohp ;B ns/ w?A d/F dhn;b jkbs ns/ fJ; tZb'A nfXnksfwe nwhoh dhnK wkohnK iKdhnKcVQK ftu ftub/ coe B{z d/y e/ j?okB gq/FkB j' e/ ofj frnk jK.##

fJ; gq;zr ftu fe;/ nypko d/ ;zgkde B/ fNZgDh ehsh j? fe pkp/BkBe B/ th T[jh rZb sK nkyh ;h, i' ;Nht B/ wfj;{; ehsh, @s{z ekjdkXowh j?A i/ s{z ftjbhnK yKdk j? s/ nkgD/ nk;-gk; p?m/ rohpK B{z e'JhwkVk-w'Nk d;tzX ti'A BjhA fdzdk. fJ; tk;s/ xkb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fj fpBK sK oZp d/ xo dk okj th B}o BjhA nk ;edk#. fJ; ;zEk dkj[D fes/ Bkw'-fBFkB th BjhA fd;dk, ;r'A gokfJnk jZe wkoB ns/gokfJnk wkb SeD dk ;G gk;/ toskok j?.

;kv/ w[be ftu wfjzrkJh dh fezBh wko j? fJ; dk nzdk}k fJ; rZbs'A bkfJnk ik ;edk j? fe fgZS/ fij/ wfjzrkJh dh do 8H76 s'A 0H25xZN e/ id'A 8H51 j'Jh sK ;koh ;oeko s/ ;fj:'rh gkoNhnK y[Fh ftueZSK tik e/ pkxh gkT[D bZr gJhnK fe fit/A d[BhnK jh cfsj eo bJhj't/. fJ; soQK jh n;hA rohpK d/ dodwzd pD e/ T[BQK #s/ pVk so; yKd/fd;d/ jK. fe;/ tZv/ ;torh g[zB dh gqkgsh ti'A rohph jNkU d/@Bkno/-Nkno/# n;hA ne;o jh wkod/ ofjzd/ jK.

go fJ; d/ pkti{d th ftFt p?Ae d/ ;ot/yD nB[;ko ;z;ko gZXo #s/gquZfbs vkbo w[Zdok d/ w[skfpe @rohph o/yk# s'A EZb/ ofjzd/ GkoshnK dh

381

frDsh 75 ch;dh s'A T[go j?. go ;kv/ ;ot/yD nB[;ko i/ Gkosh eoz;hB{z nXko pDk e/ d/fynk ikJ/ sK rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ ofj oj/ b'eK dh frDsh37 ch;dh pDdh j?. j[D d/ jb\Bkw/ w[skfpe rohph o/yk s'A j/mK ofjzd/fJBQK b'eK dh frDsh xZND dh pikJ/ tX e/ 42 ch;dh j' rJh j?.

fJj ;ko/ ;ot/yD }whBh jehes s'A ;Zuw[Zu jh e'jK d{o jB. fJ;soQK ikgdk j? fe ;kv/ tZv/-tZv/ noE Fk;sohnK B/ J/no ezvhFBvewfonK ftu p?m e/ ezfgT{NoK d[nkok @n";s d/ nXko# T[s/ nzefVnKdk c/opdb eoe/ ekr}K ftu'A rohp s/ rohph o/yk bZGh j?. id'A fe T[jikDd/ jB fe ezfgT{No ftfrnkB dk ;G s'A gfjbk czvk fJj j? fe@rkop/i fJB s/ rkop/i nkT{N# Gkt fJ; ftu i' uzrk-wzdk s[;hAgkUr/, T[; dhnK }opK-se;hwK fJj T[rbZS d/t/rk.

fJBQK ;ot/yDK w[skfpe gfjbK fgzvK ftu o'}kBk 15 o[gJ/ s/ FfjoKftu 20 o[gJ/ fdjkVh B{z xZN'-xZN r[}ko/ dh ;hwk wzfBnk frnk ;h. j[Dd/ ;ot/yD nB[;ko fe;/ rohp dh fgzvK ftu 26 o[gJ/ s/ FfjoK ftu 32o[gJ/ dh T[ios B{z ihtB fBopkj eoB i'rh ewkJh wzB e/ BthA @ihtB o/yk# fBFfus eoB dh ekotkJh fBo;zd/j nZi d/ ;w/A ftu rohp dh @ihtBbhbk# B{z pukT[D tk;s/ fJe pVk jh jk;'jhDk :sB ikgdk j?.

;kvk d/F ftek; dh okj #s/ ftef;s j[zdk-j[zdk j[D fgSb/ e[ZM ;kbKs'A fttkfds j[zdk ik fojk j?. jkb/ eZbQ jh :'iBk efwFB d/ jbcBkw/B/ g[okD/ fttkd B{z rowk fdZsk j? fe ;kv/ w[be ftu rohp e"D j?<:'iBk efwFB dk efjDk j? fe FfjoK ftu 32 o[gJ/ s/ fgzvK ftu 26o[gJ/ gqsh ykD-youD tkb/ pzd/ B{z rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ dk rohp BjhAwzfBnk ik ;edk. y?o fJj pfj; BthA BjhA j?, fJ; s'A gfjbK th fgSb/40 e[ ;kb s'A id'A gqXkB wzsoh fJzdok rKXh B/ @rohph jNkU# dk BknokfdZsk ;h sK T[d'A s'A jh noEFk;so d/ wkfjoK dhnK ew/NhnK fJ; ftF/#s/ ;w/A-;w/A pDdhnK ojhnK jB ns/ fJ; soQK ftdtkBK dhnK u[zMKFfjoK ftu 20 o[gJ/ s/ fgzvK ftu 15 o[gJ/ d/ rohph ;so ;pzXh w[Zd/#s/ ne;o jh fGVdhnK ojhnK jB.

fBo;zd/j rohp fJ; pfj;-w[pfj;/ ftu F[o{ s'A jh nkgD/-nkg B{z@d' w[ZbK ftu w[orh jokw# d/ nykD w[skfpe wfj;{; eodk fojk j? ns/

382

T[; dh nkofEe dFk ;[XoB dh EK ftrVdh jh ojh j?. fgSb/ 20 e[;kb ftu rohph o/yk 0H8 s'A w;K-w;K T[Zuh T[m e/ 1 ch;dh B{z gj[zuhj?. go fJ; d/ Bkb jh tXdh npkdh d/ ekoB rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ dhiBsk dh frDsh 35 eo'V s'A tX e/ 42 eo'V j' rJh j?. fJ; ;koh;{os/ jkb ftu rohp efjzdk ikgdk j? fe @w[orh sK ikB'A rJh go ykDtkb/ B{z ;[nkd Bk nkfJnk# Gkt rohp B{z sK rohph dk ;zskg G'rd/ B{zw[Zds j' rJh j?, go ;oekoK dk fJj fj;kp-feskp j[D sZe th mheBjhA j'fJnk.

fi; dk ;gFN Bshik ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j? fe ;oeko tb'A rohph d{oeoB dh e'Jh m'; gfjb edwh j[D sZe Bk j'D d/ ekoB ;oeko d/nkgD/ jh Bt/A nzefVnK w[skfpe rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ 42 eo'V iBsk sKf}zdrh B{z pZ; XZek jh d/ ojh j?. ;kv/ noEuko/ d/ fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ s'AfJzM ikgdk j? fe n;hA rohph jNkT[D dh pikJ/ rohpK B{z ysw eoBdk sjZJhnk ehsk j'fJnk j?. T[Xo fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kv/ eo'VK rohpG?D-GkJh d/F d/ ofjpoK B{z ezX #s/ fbyh j'Jh nkgDh fe;ws ;pzXhrkfbp d/ FpdK ftu :kddjkBh eotk oj/ jB feL-

jwB/ wkBk fe srak\[b B eo'r/ b/feB]ke j' ikJ/Ar/ jw s[w e' ]po j'B/ sZe

rohpK B{z BthnK fog'oNK s/ Bt/A n?bkBBkfwnK Bkb e'Jh coe BjhAg?Adk feT[Afe d/F d/ noEuko/ ftu F[o{ s'A jh rohp s/ ekwk tor @jzMdh i{B# jzYk fojk j?. ;r'A ftdtkBK d/ nzefVnK dh y/v rohpK tk;s/fJe BthA Fkws fbnk fdzdh j? feT[Afe gfjbK jh fBZs dh tX ojhwfjzrkJh d/ ;kjwD/ T[BQK dk fiT[Dk d[Go j'fJnk fgnk j?. go @pbdh#s/ s/b gkT[D tKr{z# noE FkFsohnK dh rohph o/yk B{z fBFfus eoBdh fj;kph wZEk-gZuh s'A T[gih f;nkDg d/ ekoB eo'VK rohpK B{z j[Drohph o/yk s'A EZb/ fwb ojhnK ;j{bsK s'A tKMk eoe/ fJj b'e rohpKbJh fenkws Ykj oj/ jB.

d/F dk ;w[Zuk feo;kD s/ w}d{o tor d/F d/ ftek; s/ fBowkD bJh;dk s'A jh y{B-g;hBk fJe eodk nk fojk j?. go nZi n}kdh s'A 65;kb pknd th rohp dh jkbs @w[zv/ wor/ ewkJhnK eod/, fpZb' s/o/ pzd

383

Bk pD/# torh pDh j'Jh j? fe ;kv/ d/F ftu ekw/ tor dhnK ghVQhnKdhnK eJh y{jDhnK dhnK y{jDhnK jh yZg rJhnK jB, go ;oekoK d/ftek; d/ nzefVnK d/ r[b{pzd s/ r'yV{nK dk fj;kp jh ;{s BjhAnkfJnk. ;r'A fj;kp d/ tjh-ugZs/ mhe eod/-eod/ nwhoh s/ rohph dkp/jZd gkVk woh}/-fJFe d/ wo} tKr{z tXdk jh ik fojk j?.

fJe ;kJheb dh b'V jh fe;/ th raohp s/ nwho d/ ftubk gkVkfpnkB eo fdzdh j?. r[odk; wkB d/ FpdK ftu @;kJheb nwho bJhe;os ns/ raohp bJh j;os j?#. fJ; soQK jh w/ok th fJj wzBDk j?fe f}zdrh nwho bJh p[Fkos Gkt ;[y-;kXBK dh MVh s/ raohp bJhe;os Gkt xkN/ dk ;"dk j?. nwhoh pzd/ dk doik-jokos xNkT[dhA j?s/ rohph rohp-r[op/ dk doik jokos tXkTAdh j? Gkt f}zdrh nwhobJh n?F'-fJFos s/ raohp bJh i\keFh j?. nwho bJh f}zdrh \okrss/ c[o;s j? s/ raohp bJh f}zdrh fwjBs-w[FZes j?. nwho bJh f}zdrhFp-J/-\[o;s j? s/ raohp bJh f}zdrh Fp-J/-\[oes j? Gkt p/u?Bh dhoks tKr j?.

e[Zb fwbk e/ nwho bJh f}zdrh iFB j? s/ raohp bJh f}zdrh:brko j?. nwho bJh f}zdrh fJe y/v j? s/ rohp bJh f}zdrh jo o'}fJe BthA izr j?. nwhoK Bz{ gob'e Bz{ ;'B/ dh g"Vh bkT[D dk f\eo j?s/ rohpK Bz{ fiT[D dk ;kXB bZGD dh fuzsk fuyk ;wkB pDh j'Jh j?. p;fJ; soQK nwho bJh f}zdrh ofjws s/ raohp bJh }fjws j?. w[ZedhrZb! nwho bJh f}zdrh oZph fBnkws j? s/ raohp bJh fenkws j?.

w/oh iku/ nwhoh s/ rohph d/ fJ; dofwnkBh coe B{z ;wMD bJhfJzBK jh ekch j? fe j[D nwho tor nZi wkoehN ftu B'N frD e/ BjhA,;r'A s'b e/ yohd'-co'ys eo fojk j? ns/ d{i/ gk;/ rohp d/ e'b T[ArbK#s/ frDB i'r/ th o[gJhJ/ BjhA jB. fJ; soQK raohp sK eh ;r'A wZX torsZe d/ b'eK dk fiT{Dk d[Go s/ w[jkb j' u[ek j?. fJ; soQK nkofEe gZy'AsK fJE/ coK; dh eqKsh d/ ;w/A torh ;fEsh pDh j'Jh j?. id'A coK; dhiBsk B/ pkdFkj b{Jh ;'bt/A B{z T[; d/ wfjbK ftu x/o fbnk sK T[; dhokDh w/oh nzsKs/ efjD bZrh fe fJj b'e fpBK wsbp jkJ/-jZe{ s/jkb-gkfonk feT[A wuk oj/ jB. fJBQK B{z ukjhdk j? fe i/ fJBQK B{z

384

o'Nh-gkDh BjhA fwbdk sK fJj jkb-d[jkJh gkT[D dh pikJ/ e/e s/Fokp feT[A BjhA SeD bZr iKd/.

;kv/ d/F dh fpbe[Zb nfijh jh nkofEe dFk pDh j'Jh j?. nZiraohp dh o'Nh dk ;kbD th T[; dh gj[zu s'A pkjo frnk j?. j'o sK j'orzfYnK dh wko B/ jh d/F tk;hnK B{z o'D-jkek eo fdZsk j?. fcowfjzrkJh dh wko{ wko B/ iBsk dhnK p"jVhnK eZYk fdZshnK jB. b'ejzM{ GohnK nZyK Bkb nZi @@;yh ;JhnK s' y{p jh ewks j?, wfjzrkJhvkfJD ykJ/ iks j?## tor/ rhs rk oj/ jB.

sZs;ko fJj j? fe raohph spe/ d/ 42 eo'V @raohp{ dk;# tor/ b'eraohph o/yk s'A EZb/ ofj oj/ jB, fiBQK B{z nkgDh f}zdrh Bkb'A tXdhwfjzrkJh dk f\eo fes/ tZX j?. fpbe[b fJ; gq;zr ftu r"osbp j? ferohp tor jh BjhA, ;r'A ;kv/ ;wki dk wZX tor th f}zdrh Bz{ fiT[D dhpikJ/ f}zdrh Bz{ XZek jh d/ fojk j?. ;kv/ nwho tor s'A fpBK ;ko/ b'ef}zdrh d/ XZe/-X'V/ yk e/ fJ; Xosh #s/ f;oc fdB eNh jh eo oj/ jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu w?Bz{ ;zB 1970 ftu w/o/ :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ;w/A dhrZb :kd nkJh j? fe w/o/ e'b ;kv/ fgzv s'A w/o/ uku/ dk g[Zso pkJhGkr f;zx uzvhrVQ nkfJnk ;h. w?A nkgD/ T[; ;kd-w[okd/ feo;kD GkJhBz{ uzvhrVQ dk wkT{ANftT{ j'Nb ftykT[D bJh b? frnk. id'A ;kv/ d'BK d/ykD/ dk fpZb 70 o[gJ/ nkfJnk sK T[j j?okB-gq/FkB j' e/ efjD bZrkfe pkJh b'jVk rip y[dk dk, eh nkgK @e"ANb# Gkt e[fJzNb eDe ykrJ/ jK. pkJh Gkr ;Zuk ;h feT[Afe T[d'A e[fJzNb eDe dk w[b 70 o[gJ/jh ;h. ;' r"osbp j? fe ;kvk g/Av{ s/ feo;kD tor sK f}zdrh d/ you/-gZm/ Bz{ nkgDh y/sh d/ nkwdB s/ yofunK d/ fj;kp Bkb jh d/ydk j?.

p/FZe ;kv/ ;wki ftu fdB'-fdB tX ojh wfjzrkJh s/ fGqFNkuko B/jo tor dk jh euz{wo eZY ofynk j?. go fco th fit/A @ehVh bJh sKgkDh dk m{mk jh dfonk# j[zdk j?, fJ; soQK raohp tk;s/ sK T[; s'AT[gobk jo tor jh nwho j?. raohp dh raohph o/yk d/ wkgdzv nB[;kosK fwvb ebk; s/ fJE'A sZe fe w[bk}w s/ g?BFB b?D tkb/ th nwhojB. g?BFB b?D tkfbnK Bz{ ;oft; ;w/A dh sBykj Bkb'A seohpB nZXkt/sB fwbdk j?. i/ fJ; t/sB Bz{ n";sB 30 e[ j}ko o[gJ/ wjhBk wzB

385

fbnk ikt/ sK th fJBQK dk fJe j}ko o[fgnk gqsh fdB d/ fj;kp Bkbfpbe[b ftjb/ ofjD d/ pkti{d th raohph o/yk s'A EZb/ ofj oj/ raohpKdh 965 o[gJ/ wjhB/ dh nkwdB s'A tZX pDdk j?.

fJ; bJh pkeh tor Gkt/A wfjzrkJh d/ fezB/ th eZ[N/-wko/ j'D, goT[j ;kv/ d/F d/ nfij/ nihp fij/ raohpK tk;s/ sK fpob/ NkN/ s'A xZNBjhA jB. ;' ;oeko d/ fJ; ;ko/ fj;kp-feskp Bz{ d/y e/ sK fJj fejkik ;edk j? fe @raohp dh Mzv ns/ ftdtkBK tb'A fj;kp dh vzM# b?jojh j?. fco fJT[A ikgdk j? fe raohp sK @J/j' jwkok ihtDk ;kfjp ;u/s{z t/y# fijk oZp Bkb frbk eo oj/ jB, go n;hA fJBQK jzM dh i{B/nkfJnK B{z nkgD/ jk;/-swkF/ dk w"i{ pDk oj/ jK.

p/FZe d/F s/ fe;/ ;{p/ d/ piN pDkT[D s/ piN d/ ;ko// nop/-yop/fwbkT[D ftu iBsk s/ ftF/F eoe/ raohp tor dk e'Jh f;ZXk ;pzX iKdyb BjhA j[zdk. fco th ;kvh u'D gqDkbh d[nkok nkgD/ f;nk;h nkr{nKBz{ u[DB d/ gZy'A ;kvk ;G dk nkgDk jh nkgD/ g?o e[jkVh wkoB torke;{o pDdk j? feT[Afe n;hA nkgD/ bhvoK B{z w?foN d/ nXko s/ BjhA ;r'AXow, iks-gks, r's-r'soK, fXoK s/ XfVnK d/ nXko #s/ u[Dd/ jK. fconkw iBsk s/ yk; eoe/ raohp tor sK Fokp dh p'sb iKnXhnk-gT{nk s/ e[ZM e[ o[gJhJ/-fSZbV b? e/ jh t'NK gkT[D t/b/nzBQ/-w[Bky/ j' iKd/ jB.

;kv/ bhvo th ;kv/ ftu'A jh j'D eoe/ ;kv/ G?D-GkJh jh j[zd/ jB.id'A n;hA nkgDk Bck-B[e;kB G[Zb e/ nkgD/ wkV/-G?V/ nkr{ u[Dd/ jK sK@fij'-fijh Bzd' pkjwDh T[j' fijk x[Zd{ i/m# torhnK jh ;kvhnK;oekoK pDdhnK jB. fJ; soQK u'DK t/b/ ehshnK nkgDhnK rabshnK dkyfwnk}k n;hA y[d g{o/ gzi ;kb G[rsd/ ofjzd/ jK. fJ; ftu ;kok e;{onkgDk jh j?. fco fJ; eoe/ jh @nkg/ ckEVhJ/ s?B{z e"D S[vkt/# tork;zskg ;kB{z jzYkT[Dk g?Adk j?. @e?bth# dk eEB j? feL-

fGqFNkuko B/ j? g'bk d/F ehsk, Y'ok eo/ g'bk ihe{z S'fbnK B{zihjdk dkn brdk, bkJh ik fojk J/, SZv Fow j:k s/ T[jfbnK B{z

Ssoh T[s/ j? n;K pjk oZfynk, nkg :ko' ep{soK r'fbnK B{zeth fco nZr/ fbydk j? feL-

386

GZmk d/F dk y{p fpmkJh iKd/, nkr{ eheoK bZGhJ/ nzfBQnK #u'Ap[oeh w{zjK dh y'j e/ yk rJ/ B/, dkb gh rJ/ e"bhnK SzfBnK #u'A

fJj th ;gFN j? fe j[D y'N e/tb f;nk;h B/sktK ftu BjhA, ;r'An;hA nkg ;ko/ th nkgD/ jZeK dh bVkJh bVB dh EK y[d th fBZe/-w'N/b'G-bkbuK dh Mke ftu fGqFN okiBhfseK d/ jZE m'e/ pD u[e/ jK. n;hAnkgDhnK w[ZYbhnK ;wkfie s/ nkofEe b'VK bJh Bk sK pj[sk u/szB jKs/ Bk jh fJ; tk;s/ e'Jh ;KMk T[gokbk eoB d/ jkwh jK. nc;'; dhrZb j? fe n;hA nkg th ftekT{ j' rJ/ jK, fco ;kvh t'N ftekT{ j'Dd/ fgZS/ nj[d/dkoh b?D dh ukjs, XV/pzdh, foFs/dkoh ns/ dko{-f;Ze/ s/g?;/ dh gqkgsh tork e'Jh th ekoB j' ;edk j?. ;kvh nkgDh neb dkth iBk}k fBefbnk fgnk j? s/ ;kvh ;'u B{z bKp{ bZrk j'fJnk j?. fJ;gqEkfJ fe;/ eth dk efjDk j? feL-

T[jdh neb dk }ok nB[wkB bkU, d[ZX u'D bJh w[orh i' gkbdk J/mzYk eoB bJh ;{oi d/ ;/e skJhA, p[ZeK Bkb i' gkDh T[Skbdk J/

w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe ;kB{z F'jos s/ nwhoh gqkgs eoB bJh i' gZss/ gZr bfjD-bZED torhnK w[bQkwsK dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?, T[; dkfe;/ B{z e'Jh fceo BjhA j?. fco ;kvhnK ;oekoK ;kv/ jh G?D-GkJhnKftu'A pDhnK j'D eoe/ ekb/ XB d/ skio, w[Bkcky'o, }yhokpk} s/fGqFNkukoh XB e[p/o ;ke-;pzXhnK B{z j'o SeD-SekT[D dh FfjfdzdhnK jB. ;wki fto'Xh nfijh fxB"Dh ekotkJh dh ;ZukJh id'A iBsk#s/ Bk}b j[zdh j? sK T[j jkJ/-jZe{ eodh j?, go T[d'A sZe }kfjo j? fefuVhnK y/s u[Zr iKdhnK jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w"i{dk ;w/A ftu d/F dh nkofEe ftt;Ek ftu j[DpV/ xkb/-wkb/ ns/ iBsk dh p[o/ d/ xo sZe raohp wko j' ojh j?. go;kvh ;oeko dh p/wsbp dh dbhbpk}h ftu ;koh Fesh s/ ;kohf;nkDg fJj ;kfps eoB #s/ bZrh j'Jh j? fe ;oeko pVh tXhnk j?ns/ fJ; dh ekoi-e[Fbsk s/ ekor[}koh #s/ e'Jh fezs{-gqzs{ dh r[zikfJFjh BjhA j?. fpbe[Zb fJ; soQK jh fto'Xh gkoNhnK nkgDk T[Zb{ f;ZXkeoB bJh ;oeko B{z p/noE pfj;pk}h Bkb e"wh w[ZfdnK #s/ x/oB-yd/VB ftu bZrhnK j'JhnK jB. id'A fe ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe B?fse nXko

387

#s/ ;kv/ ;ko/ e"wh nkr{ s/ f;nk;h gkoNhnK fJei[ZN j' e/ e"wh w;fbnKdk e'Jh jZb bZGD, go fJj ;ko/ fwb e/ noEuko/ d/ fJ; wkV/ tosko/#s/ okiBhsh eo oj/ jB. fJj ;kohnK oki;h fXoK raohpK dk wfjzrkJhd/ T[;so/ Bkb Mzv-w[zvD eoB fij/ eoweKvh iFBK ftu yzv-p{ok ykDtkr{z e'Mh s/ ;[nkoEh gqftosh dk w[}kjok eo ojhnK jB.

rohpK dh i{B ftdtkB noE Fk;sohnK dh pfj; dk w}w{B pD e/ofj rJh j?. fJ; bzp/ pfj;-w[pkfj;/ d/ ubd/-ubd/ jzM dh i{B nkJ/rohph o/yk s'A EZb/ ofj oj/ 35 ch;dh rohpK dh frDsh j[D tX e/ 42ch;dh j' rJh j?. go rohp s/ rohph pko/ wfj} sEK s/ nzefVnK #s/pfj; }'oK-F'oK Bkb ikoh j?. fBZs Bt/A fdB rohp-r[op/ pko/ ftukoKs/ wFto/ wstkso j' oj/ jB. rohp fJe B[Zeo/ bZr e/ nkgDk e'Jh Gbkj'D dh T[vhe ftu nDr"fbnk fijk yVQk nkgDh j'Dh-nDj'Dh dk ;zskgG'r fojk j?.

;oeko dk raohp s/ raohph gqsh fJj e'Mk ubD j'o th ;gFN j'iKdk j?, id'A ;[gohw e'oN ;kvh ;oeko B{z eo'VK NB rb-;V oj/nBki B{z rohpK ftu w[cs tzvD B{z efjzdh j? sK fJj T[; B{z nkgD/ekoi y/so ftu ofj e/ rZb eoB dk wFtok fdzdh j?. id'A fto'XhgkoNh fGqFNkuko B{z ysw eoB dh ;bkj fdzdh j? sK fJj ;wMd/ jBfe fJj ;ko/ oki ;Zsk B{z jfEnkT[D d/ jEezv/ jh jB. fco id'A f;tb;[;kfJNh eo'VK jh d/F tk;hnK dk jZck pD e/ fJBQK B{z b'e u/sBk s/GktBk dk nfj;k; eotkT[Adh j? sK fJj T[; #s/ pV/ j'S/-jbe/ fJb}kwbk fdzdh j? fe fJj b'e sK fto'Xh gkoNhnK dhnK emg[sbhnK jB.

;oeko dh fJj ;koh etkfJd yk; eoe/ fgSb/ eJh e[ ;kb s'A;oeko ftu j' oj/ tZv/ gZXo d/ ;e?w-;e?AvbK d/ wZd/B}o @rohpK dhezpysh s/ ;oeko dh w;sh# ;kfps j' ojh j?. ;oeko tb'A jh fdZs/ rJ/nzefVnK w[skfpe e'Jh th nkdwh i' fe 32 iK 26 o[gJ/ dk T[gG'rh j?sK T[; B{z rohp BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk. ;oekoh dbhb j? fe fJzB/o[gJ/-g?;/ Bkb T[j gqsh fdB 5H50 o[gJ/ d' w[Zmh dkb-u"b #s/, 1H20o[gJ/ fJe w[Zmh eDe #s/, 2H33 o[gJ/ dk 100 fwbhfbNo d[ZX #s/, 1H95o[gJ/ ;kr-;p}h Gkt d' nkb{ iK d' NwkNo iK d' rzY/, 44 g?;/ cbK

388

wsbp fSbe/-fSbVK #s/, 70 g?;/ yzv #s/, 78 g?;/ Bwe s/ w;fbnK#s/, 3H75 o[gJ/ pkbD, r?; s/ g?No'b nkfd T[go you eoe/ T[j uzrkihtB pshs eo ;edk j?.

fJ; s'A th nrKj f;Zsw-}ohch fJj j? fe T[; rohp d/ wekB dkfeokfJnk 49H10 o[gJ/ s/ f;Zfynk #s/ 99 g?;/ jo o'} d/ fj;kp Bkb26H60 o[gJ/ wjhBk ns/ p{N-uZgb #s/ j'D tkb/ 9 o[gJ/ 60 g?;// wjhBkdk youk th fJ; ftu Fkwb j?. d[BhnK dk e'Jh th fJB;kB ns/ :'iBkefwFB d/ tZv/-tZv/ f;oK tkb/ ftdtkB p}ko ftu yVQ e/ fJj BjhA efj;ed/ fe T[BQK dk fJj nkpok-edkpok rbs jh BjhA, ;r'A rohp Bkbp/jZd jk;'jhDk s/ e'Mk w}ke jh j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu sK ikgdk j? fegfjbK i' @fuVhnK dh w"s rtkoK dk jk;k# tkbk w[jktok ;h, T[; B{z j[Dpdb e/ @rohpK dh Fkws s/ ftdtkBK dk swkFk# pDkT[Dk gt/rk.

tkj pJh tkj! fJj sK @v[Zph sK i/ ;kj Bk nkfJnk# tkbh rZb j'Jh.;r'A fJ; s'A th nZr/ ;oeko dh fJj nzeVk ubkeh, fJ}jko/-fynkb s/fpnkBpk}h dh eko;skBh fe;/ i[bkj/ dh n";s tKr j?, fi; B/ fegfotko dh n";s T[ukJh s/ dfonk dh n";s v{zxkJh dk fj;kp feskpbrk e/ nkgDk NZpo v'p fbnk ;h.

go ;oeko Bz{ fJ; jk;'jhD/ soe-ftsoe d/ Bkb j[D fJj th;wMD dh b'V j? fe fj;kph feskph nzeV/-n"AefVnK Bkb fYZv BjhAGfonk ik ;edk. :'iBk efwFBoK Bz{ gsk jh j? fe T[BQK dk nkgDkgb/N Go ykDk fJe j}ko o[gJ/ s'A xZN BjhA nkT[Adk. }kfjo j? fe id'fJj ftdtkB b'e nwhoK dh rZb eod/ jB sK fJBQK d/ g?wkB/ s/ wkgdzvu'oK dk wkb s/ vKrK d/ r} w[skfpe j[zd/ jB, go fJ; d/ Bkb id'A fJjrohpK dh rZb eod/ jB sK fJj b'e fpbe[b jh p/FZeoe s/ p/fbjk}j' iKd/ jB. fJBQK dh @fcro nk\ ;ghu# Gkt fpnkBpk}h s/ fJ}jko/fynkb @rkfbp# d/ efjD nB[;ko @fdb e' pfjbkB/ e/ bhJ/ fynkb nZSkj?# torh jh pD e/ ofj iKdh j?.

;r'A gzikp ftu sK fJe gqhsh G'i #s/ 28 bZy o[gJ/ you eoB dhnZi jh ypo row j?. fJ; 28 bZy ftu'A 18 bZy o[gJ/ sK YkJh-fszB;" pzd/ d// ykD/ #s/ jh you j' frnk dZf;nk iKdk j?. fJ; w[skfpe sK

389

fJe-fJe wfjwkB seohpB 6000 o[gJ/ dh gb/N uNw-uZN eo frnkj?. pVh j?okBh j[zdh j? fe ;kv/ nkr{ s/ T[Zu nfXekoh th sK Gkos d/jh Bkrfoe jB, go T[j }whBh jehesK s'A fezB/ d{o jB. fJ; gq;zrftu fJBQK b'eK #s/ ;kvhnK ;dhnK g[okDhnK b'e f;nkDgK @wkb/ w[\sfdb/ p/ofjw# Gkt @wkb p/rkBk fdb p/ofjw# iK @okw-Bkw igDk,gokfJnk wkb ngDk# ns/ fco @u'oK dk wkb vKrK d/ r}# g{oB s"o #s/Y[ZedhnK jB.

nfij/ yKd/-ghAd/ tor Bz{ oZp dk e'fN-e'N F[eokBk eoBk pDdk j?fe T[j nkgD/ xo ftu ezw eo oj/ gkoN NkJhw ;jkfJeK tk;s/nzBdksk s/ wkJh-pkg d/ pokpo ;wM/ iKd/ jB. ;ckJh ;/te, eZgV/ X'Dtkbh wkJh s/ wkbh fe;/ fJe xo s'A n";s 300 o[L s'A b? e 500 o[gJ/wjhBk b?Ad/ jB. fco u"ehdko s/ e{Vk u[eD tkb/ fJe xo s'A seohpB50 e[ o[gJ/ wjhBk b?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK d/yD tkbh rZb j? fe xo d/ ftugkoN NkJhw eoB tkb/ B"eo-ukeo ;t/o s'A Fkw sZe 12 xzN/ fwjBs-w[FZes eoe/ 4 iK 5 xoK dk ezw eo b?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK jh e'JhykB;kwk s/ vokJhto th n";s uko-gzi j}ko o[gJ/ wjhB/ ftu b?Adk j?.fJ; fj;kp Bkb fJ; tor d/ efozd/ wjhB/ ftu 3000 s'A 4000 o[gJ/ewkT[Ad/ jB. fJ; ;koh frDsh-fwDsh dk wzst f;oc fJj jh j? fef}zdrh dh eFweF ftu gJ/ fJj ;ko/ b'e ;/te Gkt/A rohph o/yk s'A EZb/j'D iK wkVk-w'Nk T[go j'Dl fJBQK d/ ihtB gZXo ftu e'Jh tvk coeBjhA nkT[Adk.

fJBQK rohpK d/ ihtB ftu sK coe T[d'A nkt/rk fe id'A fJzBQK Bz{nkgD/ fwjsBskB/ d/ fJt} ftu jo jkb fJzBh e[ T[ios fwbD br/rhfe fJj th n}kd d/F d/ pfFzd/ j'D ;dek e[ZM b'VhAdhnK ;[Zy-;j{bsK dknBzd wkD ;eDr/. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;oeko fJBQK b'eK B{z th ftef;sd/FK tKr{z b'VhAdhnK f;js s/ f;Zfynk ;j{bsK w[jZJhnk eo/ s/ fJ; d/Bkb jh ;oeko fJBQK dh skn f}zdrh ;'Fb ;feUfoNh Gkt eZ[bh, rZ[bhs/ i[Zbh dk ;odk-pDdk fJzs}kw eo/.

go fJe s'A pknd fJe e/Ado s/ oki ;oekoK fpjso ikDdhnK jBfe d/F dh n}kdh s'A 64 ;kb pknd th fJi/jh ;wki ;/tk dk fJj

390

b''eszsoh ;zebg s/ Nhuk gqkgs feT[A BjhA ehsk ik ;fenk. fco eh T[u/s'A T[u/ nekFh nj[fdnK #s/ p?m/ ;kv/ efEs b'e ;/te fJj BjhA ikDd/fe j[D ntkw B/ fJj efjDk F[o{ eo fdsk fe ;kvhnK nkgDhnK jhu[DhnK j'JhnK ;oekoK Bkb'A sK nzro/} oki jh uzrk ;h. eh b'eszsohoki ;Zsk d/ T[Zu/-T[Zu/ okwoki tor/ ;zebgK, nkdoFK s/ GktBktK d/pkti{d th fJe s'A pknd d{ih ;oeko nkgD/ jh d/F d/ Bkrfoe s/nkgD/ jh G?D-GkJhnK d/ ihtB ;so Bz{ T[Zuk u[ZeD s/ ;[ykbk pDkT[Dftu n;cb BjhA j'Jh j?<

w/oh iku/ fJ; dk tZvk ekoB sK fJj j? fe ;kvhnK nkgDhnK;oekoK s/ nkgD/ jh nkr{nK ftu fpbk-FZe d/F ;/tk eoB dh fJZSkFesh s/ ekoie[Fbsk dh xkN ojh j?. yk; s"o #s/ gqXkB wzsoh fJzdokrKXh d/ n?woi?A;h ;w/A npkdh Bz{ ezNo'b eoB d/ nfs-T[sw wBF/-wzstdh ftcbsk s'A pknd sK fe;/ th ;oeko B/ e"wh nkuoD s/ e"whnB[Fk;B dh nfjwhns Bz{ ikfDnk-gSkfDnk jh BjhA.

pZ; okiGkr gqkgs eoB s/ fco nkgDh oki;Zsk Bz{ fuo-;EkJhpDkT[D dh bkb;k ns/ t'N oki d/ t'N p?Ae dh w[Ekih B/ jo ;oeko Bz{fJzBK w"ekgq;s s/ wsbpgq;s pDk fdZsk j? fe jo/e ;oeko pZ; gkg{boGo jowB-fgnkoh pD/ ofjD dh jh etkfJd eodh ofjzdh j?. d/Ftk;hnK Bz{ r[Zv rtoB?A; Gkt uzrk gqFk;B d/D dh pikJ/ ;oekoK B/gkg{b?; w'v Gkt iBsk GowkT{ f;nk;s B{z sB'A-wB'A ngDkfJnk j'fJnkj?. f;ZXh gZXoh rZb fJj j? fe ;oekoK fc;eb Gkt ftZsh c?;b/ eoBdh EK gkg{fb;N Gkt iBsk Bz{ y[F eoB tkb/ c?;b/ b?dhAnK jB, fi;Bkb fe tesh s"o s/ sK iBsk y[F j' iKdh j?. go ;oekoK s/nc;oFkjh tb'A N?e;K dh T[rokjh Bk eoB eoe/ ;oekoK dh wkbhjkbs fJBh ftrV iKdh j? fe T[j fgzvK s/ FfjoK dk ftek; eoB d/ekfpb jh BjhA ofjzdhnK. id'A fe b'e GbkJh s/ ftek; tk;s/ ;G s'AtZvh }o{os fJj j? fe oki d/ y}kB/ Gog{o j'D ns/ ;oekoK xN'-xNnkg sK eo}kJh Bk j'D.

fJ; dk ;gFN ekoB fJj jh j? fe ;kv/ nkr{ ;wMd/ jB fe i/;Zuh-w[Zuh b'eK B{z ;wkfie s/ B?fse edoK ehwsK Bkb i'V e/ T[BQK B{z

391

d/F g/qw, b'e ;/tk s/ g[o;[nkoE d/ o;s/ #s/ fJe fB:wpZXsk s/tuBpZXsk Bkb s'oKr/ sK T[BQK dh nkgDh jT[w?, fBZi ;[nkoE s/ fBZihn}kdh Bz{ u'N bZr/rh. fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ nkr{ ;wMd/ jB fe nfijh d/Ffjs?Fh ekotkJh Bkb T[BQK dhnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK d/ t'N p?Ae B{z ysokyVQk j' ;edk j?. fJ; bJh jh e'Jh th ;oeko s/ B/sk @nkgK B{z eh,iBsk gt/ YZm/ y{j ftu# dh f;nk;h f;nkDg Bkb jh nkg'-nkgDk tkohnB[;ko ;wK g{ok eo ojh j?. e/Ado s'A b? e/ ;{pk ;oekoK sZe ;G B/nfij/ fBZro c?;b/ b? e/ d/F B{z eqKshekoh spdhbh d/ okj #s/ s'oB dhe"wh f;nkDg B{z seohpB dofeBko jh ehsk j'fJnk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu j[D rohph sK xNh BjhA, ;r'A d/F d/ f;nkD/ nkr{nKB/ rohpK dh frDsh xNkT[D dh ;kfiF xV bJh j?. fJ; dk wzst fJjj? fe nzefVnK d/ i'V-s'V Bkb rohpK dh frDsh xNk e/ d/F tk;hnK B{zdZf;nk ik ;e/ fe ;oeko dh fJ; gZy'A ekor[}koh fezBh tXhnk j?. fJ;xVh-xVkJh ;ehw nXhB Gkos ;oeko rohpK Bkb fybtkV eoB dh;kfiF d/ sfjs Gkos fBowkD s/ @FkJhB fJzvhnk# d/ p[bzd pKr BknfonKBkb nkgDk r[DrkB eotk ojh j?. go efjzd/ jB fe id'A fdB wkV/ j[zd/jB sK frZdV Ffjo tZb B{z s[o g?Adk j?. fJ; soQK jh j[D Gkos ftu jhBjhA, ;r'A e"wKsoh gZXo #s/ th ;oeko dh fJ; e'Mh nzeVk-Fokos dh fBy/Xh j'D bZrh gJh j?. j[D id'A fe ;oeko dk okFhcb wkVk j' e/ ;kv/ B/sktKdh nkgDh Y'beh-v[rv[rh nkgD/ nkg jh tZiD bZr gJh j? sK fJBQK B/ j[DBtK g?Asok pdb e/ BtK n?bkBkwk eo fdZsk j? fe iBtoh 2012 sZe rohpho/yk fyZu-X{{j e/ BthA pDkJh ikt/rh s/ pZ; iBsk B{z j";b/ Bkb nkgDhfe;ws g[Vh B{z T[vheD dh b'V j?.

fJ; soQK e[Zb fwbk e/ ;kvh fJj ;'u pD u[eh j? fe ;kv/ okiGkrs/ nj[d/ ekfJw ofjD/ ukjhd/ jBl fco Gkt/A @d/F s/ e"w gjkV ftuikt/l ;kB{z Bz{ eh#. ;'! j[D sK eJh djkfenK s'A ;kvh bhvofFg dhnfijh wkBf;esk d/ sfjs p/fjo; s/ p/nk; iBsk dk eZ[sh-uhekwstkso ;[DkJh d/ fojk j?. go fco th ;kvhnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK s/bhvoK dk B}ohnk e[ZM @e'Jh wo/ e'Jh iht/l ;[ZEok x'b gsk;/ ght/# tkbkjh fd; fojk j?. nZi d/F ftu ;o's-;kXBK d/ gZy'A ;G e[ZM jz[fdnK-;z[fdnK th d/F dh BZJhnk seohpB jo gkf;UA wzMXko ftu nk c;h j?.

392

w/oh iku/ j[D d/F B{z j'o ;G ek;/ s'A tZX seV/ gqFk;eK d/ o{g ftutXhnk gqFk;fBe eoDXko dh b'V j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu gfjbK ed/-ed/ b'e fejk eod/ ;B fe FkfJd e'Jhc"ih ioB?b d/F gq/w, e[opkBh d/ i}p/ s/ nB[Fk;B fij/ c"ih nkdoFK;dek fJj ;/tk ;onzikw d/ ;e/. go id'A s'A fgSb/ fJe-d' djkfenKftu c"i dh Bo'Jh wkBf;esk d/ nG/dh fefbQnK ftu th d/FftnkghfGqFNkuko B/ ;zBQ bkJh j?l pZ; T[d'A s'A jh iBsk dh fJj nk;-T[whd thT[dk;h ftu jh spdhb j' u[eh j?.

j[D d/F d/ nkofEe fB}kw ftu ;ohAd nkg;h b[ZN-y;[ZN s/fJe-d{i/ dk F'FD jZd pzB/ jh NZg frnk j?. nfij/ fGqFNkukoh s/p/JhwkB b'eK d/ ;pzX ftu jh @BkBe f;zx Bktfb;N# B/ fes/ fbfynk;h fe @@gkDh B{z g[D e/ ghD tkb/ b'e rohpK dk y{B nDg[fDnk jh ghiKd/ jB##. fco nc;'; fJj th j? fe ;owkJ/dkoh F'FDK d/ f;o #s/fJeZmh ehsh wkfJnk d/ BF/ ftu fJj b'e p[bp[bhnK p[bkT[Ad/ s/ uKxoKwkod/ fdB-fdjkV/ djkVd/ fcod/ jB. fco fJ; s'A nZr/ fJ; soQK ;w[Zuhe"w s/ ;wki d/ noEuko/ dk piN @nkwdBh nmZBh s/ you o[gJhJ/# dkb/yk-i'yk jh pDdk j?.

fJ; ;{os ftu id'A fe w[be ftu seohpB 80-85 ch;dh b'eKe'b sK d/F d/ XB dk nZX th BjhA j? s/ d{i/ gk;/ 10-15 ch;dh XBe[p/o ;owkJ/dkoK, ekb/ XB d/ skioK s/ w[Bkcky'o }yho/pk}K s/fGqFNkukoK e'b nZX Bkb'A th tZX XB Gzvko iwQK jB. fJ; tk;s/ ikgdkj? fe j[D bkb' s/ wfbe Gkr' sK fJ; Xosh T[s/ jB, go pkpk BkBejh j[D Xosh #s/ BjhA j?l go fJj th ;gFN j? fe fJBQK eko{z pkdFkjKB{ z e 'Jh B?fse iK Xkofwe f;Zfynk ;zEk dh b'V Bkb' A j[D@ftrfVnK-fsrfVnK dk gho vzvk# d/ nykD w[skfpe vwo{-fuwN/ s/ vzv/-;'N/ d/ t?drh B[;y/ N'Ne/ dh th j[D p/jZd b'V j?.

pZ; d/F dh nkofEesk th fwjBseF s/ fJwkBdko GkJh bkb' dhe'Xo/ dh o'Nh s/ wfbe Gkr' dh whN dh p'Nh d/ fGqFNkuko d/ dofwnkBbNe ojh j?. j[D b'e mhe jh ;wM oj/ jB fe toswkB ;w/A d/ w"i{dkjkbksK ftu p/FZe fwjBseF s/ fJwkBdko GkJh bkb' fij/ oZp d/ pzd/

393

th jB, go T[BQK Bkb'A fes/ tZX wfbe Gkr' torhnK i'eK iBsk dk bj{u{; ojhnK jB. fBo;zd/j b'e ;wM oj/ jB fe j[D ;kv/ noEuko/ dhnKfJBQK d'tK fXoK d/ dofwnkB @d[ZX B{z d[ZX s/ gkDh B{z gkDh# efjD tkbkpkpk BkBe jh BjhA j?, i' fe ;Zu s/ M{m dk fBskok eoe/ b'ekJh B{z e'JhfJB;kc d/ ;e/. fJ; tk;s/ jh j[D iBsk pkpk BkBe dh xkN B{z ;Zuw[Zujh wfj;{; eodh j'Jh @;fsr[o BkBe nk ik ;zrs gJh g[ekoBh s/o/ jZEftu ukph U dksk ;ko/ ;z;ko dh# ns/ fco @nkthA pkpk BkBek s{z nkthApkpk BkBek# d/ oND eo ojh j?.

;odko nzi[w B/ nkgDh fJe eftsk c?} nfjwd c?} dh B}oehsh j? i' fe ;kvh f;nk;s s/ ;kv/ f;nk;h fJwkwK dh fJe gk;/ekor[}koh s/ d{i/ gk;/ r[ops d/ wko/ rohpK dh jkbs ns/ T[BQK d/ o'j-ftdo'j dh sFohj eodh j?.

jo gb ;oeko'A g/ s'jws brsh j?, tsBgq;sh ek ;o jo gb M[esk j?p/fJB;kch e:k s/ok fJB;kc eo{z, jo gb fJe s{ckB ;k fdb w/A T[msk j?

pV/ pV'A B/ fJsB/ S'N/ ekw ehJ/, tes jwko/ jkb g/ np Fofwzdk j?;'u ojh j?A ;ys ;}kJ/A r[Z;/ w/A, e:k ngBk ekB{zB nGh se f}zdk j?

fJ; ;zdoG ftu jh fco eth nr/ fbydk j? feL

y[dro}h ek p'M BjhA T[B e/ fdb go, b{Nwko e' i' JhwkB ;wMs/ j?fiBw/A fJB;kBh i}p/ eh w"s j{Jh, e?;/ jw T[Be' fJB;kB ;wMs/ j?

T[; pkdb ;/ w[M/ fFekfJs feT[A j'rh, i' pkdb ngB/ jh ro g/ po;k j?w?A s' n?;/ sgs/ xo eh XVeD j{z, fi; ek pZuk p{zd-p{zd e' so;k j?y{Bh fJBebkp ;/ @nzi[w# vosk j{z, b'r T[m/ s' rbhUA w/A nk ikJ/Ar/G{y rohph ip s{ckB T[mkJ/rh, sys fro/Ar/, ski T[Skb/ ikJ/Ar/

fJ; tk;s/ j[D d/F s/ yk; eoe/ gzikp B{z fJe eowZm gqFk;fBe:'Xk b'VhAdk j? i' fe :{BkB d/ d/ts/ go'fwEhn; tKr{z ;tor b'e ftu'Ab'e efbnkD s/ b'e GbkJh dk e'Jh nw'x n;so y'j-fyzM e/ th b?nkt/. fco fJ; soQK fJj eow:'rh gqFk;e ;kvh ftrVh j'Jh gqFk;fBeftt;Ek B{z w[V s'A bhjK #s/ fbnkT[D tk;s/ nkgD/ ;fj:'rh gqpzXeK B{zfGqFNkukoh s/ foFtsy'oh d/ fybkc i{MD d/ nkd/F d/ ;e/. fco fJjwod/-ekfwb y[d ftrfVnk-fsrfVnK b'N{-N'fbnK dk vzvk gho pD e/

394

;kvh eo'VK-nopK iBsk B{z o'Nh-o'}h d/D dk i[rkV eo ;e/. gqwkswkeo/ ;kv/ ;wki B{z pb-p[ZXh gqdkB eo/ sK fe fGqFNkukoh d?As Bkb :[ZXoukfJnk ik ;e/ s/ ;kvh iBsk B{z e'Jh okjs fwb ;e/.

fJ; tk;s/ nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ ;kv/ d/F s/ gzikp d/ nkr{nK B{ze"wh fjZs ftu ;ys s'A ;ys gzikp fjs?Fh c?;b/ b?D dh ;[wZs pyF/.fJ; soQK jh oZp ;kvhnK ;oekoK Bz{ b'e GbkJh d/ e"wh c?;fbnK B{z g{oBfdqVQsk Bkb B/go/ ukVQB s/ ntkw Bz{ fJe e"wh i}p/ sfjs nB[Fk;B ftuofjD dh skes-s"che pyF/.

y?o! j[D d/F tk;hnK d/ ;kjwD/ fJe nk; dh feoB fJj jh j? few"i{dk ;w/A ftu d/F dh tkrv'o fJe s'A tZX e/ fJe noEFk;soh s/ftdtkB B/sktK d/ jZE ftu j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJBQK Bz{ rbs okj-o;s/s'A o'eD tk;s/ pj[s jh tXhnk fto'Xh fXoK th jk}o-Bk}o jB. j[DfJ; ;{os ftu ;kv/ d/F d/ ofjpo nkr{nK B{z e/tb s/ e/tb e"wh fjZsftu gfjbK nkg y[d s/ fco nktkw B{z d/F d/ fjZs ftu fdqVQsk Bkbs[oB-s'oB dh b'V j?. f;yobh rZb fJj j? fe fJ; ;koh ;{os/ jkbftu nkyoh w"e/ ti'A nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ s'A fJj jh wzrhJ/ fe j[D sKT[j d/F B{z nekdfwe j;shnK d/ Bkb-Bkb fJe eowZm eow:'rhgqFk;fBe :'Xk th pyF d/t/, i' fe e"w dk ;jh ;{soXko pD e/ ;Zuyzvs'A ;kv/ d/F s/ ;wki tk;s/ B?fse, ;wkfie s/ nkofEe fBnkwsK dh;zihtBh p{Nh fbnk ;e/.

395

2 3

efbnkDekoh ;oeko s/ okwpkD fij/ gqFk;B dk ;zebgwB[Zysk d/ ftek; d/ F[o{nksh ;w/A s'A wkBtsk B/ nkgD/-nkg B{z

gfjbK gfotkfoe s/ fco ephfbnK dhnK fJekJhnK d/ ;zrmBK ftupzfBQnK j?, T[d'A s'A jh ;kv/ gfotkfoe s/ ephfbnK d/ w[yhnK B/ nkgD/gfotko s/ nkgD/ ephb/ d/ efbnkD s/ GbkJh tk;s/ ;phbK pDkT[DhnKF[o{ ehshnK jB. fJ; soQK gfotkfoe s/ ephfbnK d/ ;zrmBK s'A b? e/okiK s/ d/FK sZe d/ gqFk;fBe ;zrmBK ftu efbnkDekoh oki dk ;zebgs/ iBsk dh GbkJh dk ;zebg T[Gfonk j?.

id'A n;hA sq/s/ :[Zr ftu owkfJD ekb d/ ;w/A ftu dFoE g[Zso ;qhokw ih d/ @okwoki# dh rZb eod/ jK sK T[; ;w/A fBo;zd/j n;hAefbnkDekoh s/ goik j/s{ oki dh rZb eo oj/ j[zd/ jK. fJ; soQK jhid'A n;hA fe;/ w;b/ d/ jZb d/ ;zdoG ftu @okwpkD# dh rZb eod/ jKsK T[; dk wsbp fJj j[zdk j? fe okwpkD T[j nw'x n;so j?, fijVkfe dkBth gqftoshnK B{z gSkVdk j? ns/ wkBth FeshnK B{z ;zihtBh p{Nhfij/ n;o Bkb g[Bo ;[oihs eodk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ id'A fe;/ ;wki, ;{p/ iK fe;/ d/F ftu B?fse s/ p"fXeedoK-ehwsK dh uVQs j[zdh j? sK T[; B{z efbnkDekoh oki dh ;zfxnkfdZsh iKdh j?. go id'A wB[Zyh ;wki ftu fes/ th ;ksfte, ;dkukfoes/ fBo;[nkoE edoK-ehwsK dh EK skwf;e, nB?fse s/ bp-b'G dhnK;[nkoEh gqftoshnK dk p'bpkbk j[zdk j? sK T[d'A wkBtsk s/ wB[ysk d'BKdk xkD j[zdk j?.

Gkos d/ ni'e/ fJfsjk; d/ F[o{ ftu uzdo r[gs w"ohnk s/ T[; d/gqw[Zy ;bkjeko r[o{ ukDehnk B/ gfjbh tko ;zrfms ;wki s/ d/F dhftnkfynk ehsh ;h s/ T[; nB[;ko efbnkDekoh oki dk w[ZY pzfBQnk;h. fJ; dk fJe pj[s tXhnk gZy t/yD Bz{ fwfbnk fe d[BhnK dkcks/j wjkB f;ezdo Gkos ftu s{ckB dh soQK nk sK frnk, go nyhoT[j wrX d/ ;zrfms s/ efbnkDekoh oki dh skp'-skes pko/ ;[zXefwbD #s/ gzikp ftu'A jh fpnk; dfonk sZe ik e/ jBQ/oh dh soQK tkg;w[V frnk. fJ; tk;s/ jh ;z;ko gqf;X fJfsjk;e eEB j? fe @f;ezdo

396

Gkos ftu s{ckB dh soQK nkfJnk s/ jBQ/oh dh wkfBzd w[V frnk#.

go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe fJzBQh tZvh fJsjkf;e ftok;s j'D d/pkti{d th e"wh ihtB n;hA j[D nkgDh wjkB Gkosh ;fGnsk, ;z;feqshs/ ;fGnkuko #s/ nXkfos ;zrfms-;z:[es efbnkDekoh ;wki d/ ;jho{g ftu tkfo; ejkT[D d/ jZedko BjhA jK. yk; eoe/ n}kdh s'A pkdefbnkDekoh s/ b'e fjs?Fh oki, nkg;h J/esk ns/ nyzvsk d/ Bkno/s/ GkFD sK ne;o ;[BD Bz{ fwbd/ jB, go ;w[Zu/ GkoshnK B{z d/F dhJ/esk s/ y[Fjkbh dk p; Bkw wkso jh fceo-ckek j?. fco d/F dhgqG{;Zsk s/ nyzvsk bJh i' tZy' tZy gqKsK ftu j' fojk j?, T[j ;kv/;kjwD/ jh j?.

fJ; dk w[Zy ekoB fJj jh j? fe n}kdh s'A pkd ;kv/ ftu d/Fgq/w s/ okFNoh ;dGktBk dh Gkoh ewh nk rJh j?. ;kv/ nkgD/ jh u[D/j'J/ e"w d/ fBowksk nkr{ Bk sK ;zrfms ;wki s/ efbnkDekoh oki dk;zebg ;jh s"o #s/ nkg ikDd/ jB ns/ Bk jh T[BQK dk nfijk e'JhwB;{pk iK ;zebg j? fe fi; ftu f;oc s/ f;oc b'e GbkJh s/ b'efjZs dh jh rZb j[zdh j't/. ;r'A j[D sK ;kvh fJe ;fwnK g[okDh b'eejkts w[skfpe @@bzvk b[Zuk u"Xoh s/ r[zvh oB gqXkB## dh ejktsjh uZbD-gqubD j?. fJ; soQK id'A @tkV jh y/s B{z ykD bZr/# ns/ fco@nzBQh gh;/ s/ e[Zsk uZN/# d/ nB[;ko b'eK dh y{B-g;hB/ dh ewkJh dk F'FDj'D br/ sK nfij/ d/F s/ ;wki dk oZp jh okyk j?.

nc;'; dh rZb j? fe w"i{dk ;w/A ftu efbnkDekoh oki s/ b'eGbkJh d/ dwrfinK d/ pkti{d th iBsk dh ewkJh d/ SKr/ bfj oj/ jB.j[D sK n;hA nkgDh gqFk;fBe d[orsh bJh nzro/}K s/ w[rbK B{z thf}zw/tko BjhA mfjok ;ed/ feT[Afe n;hA j[D ][dw[yfsnko okiGkr d/wkbe jK. j[D i/ e[M rbs j' fojk j? sK fJj @fJ; xo e' nkr bZrrJh xo e/ fuokr ;/# d/ eEB w[skfpe n;hA y[d jh doik-p-doiky[d jh fJ; d/ f}zw/tko jK. fco fJj th e"Vk ;Zu j? fe n;hA nkgD/;wki ftu nkgD/ Fy;hnsh ;EkB s/ nkgD/ nj[fdnK dh doik-jokosnB[;ko nkgD/ jh ;wkfie s/ noEuko/ B{z bKp{ bk oj/ jK. ;oeko d/oki gqpzX s/ gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek ftu ;wki efbnkD, b'e ;/tk s/ uzr/

397

pzd'p;s fij/ ;zebg Bdkod j' oj/ jB. w[edh rZb fJj j? fe n;hAnkgD/ jh u[D/ j'J/ thoK s/ nkgD/ gfotkoK ftu'A jh T[Go/ j'J/ f;nk;h s/gqFk;fBe nfXekoh g[ZsoK d/ @u'o-e[Zsh tor/ fwbkg# d/ fFeko j' rJ/jK.

;kv/ ;zftXkB ftu ;kv/ u[D/ j'J/ Bz[wKfJd/ s/ ;ko/ nfXekoh s/eowukoh @gpfbe ;ot?AN# j'D ti'A b'eK d/ ;/tkdko jB. go i' j[Ddhdk-dkfBFsk j' fojk j?, T[j fJj j? fe b'e sK B"eo jB ns/f;nk;h nkr{ s/ gqFk;fBe nfXekoh i' nkgD/ nkg B{z gpfbe d/ efEs;/tkdko nytkT[Ad/ jB, T[j b'eK d/ jh BjhA, ;r'A T[BQK dh eow-fe;wsd/ th wkbe pD/ j'J/ jB. y?o! j[D b'V j? fe n;hA nkgDhnK b'e ;/tkdhnK FkBdko gzqgoktK Bz{ ;wki GbkJh s/ b'e fjs ftu g[Bo ;[oihseoe/ w[V s'A efbnkDekoh oki dk ;[gBk g{ok eohJ/.

fJ; ;ko/ tZv/ ekoi s/ j'o b'e efbnkD d/ ;kv/ wB;{fpnK Bz{ B/go/ukVQD tk;s/ pkp/ BkBe d/ ;wMkJ/ f;ZXK tKr{z i/ e'Jh w[y wzsoh f;ZXg[oy d/ o{g ftu gzikphnK dh fXo pD e/ gjkV'A T[so jh nkt/ sK T[;B{z ukjhdk j? fe T[j y[d jh gzikp s/ gzikphns dk nkbzpodko s/;{soXko pD/. fco gzikp ftZu @jb/wh oki# d/ ;zebg B{z f;o/ uVPkT[Dtk;s/ T[; B{z nkgD/ jwfynkb s/ ;fj:'rh ;kEhnK dh fJe ;wofgs NhwpDkT[D dh b'V j?. fJ; bJh ftF/; s"o #s/ nZi ;kB{z ;G B{z gzikp, gzikphs/ gzikphns B{z fco s'A g[Bo-;[oihs eoB dh nfjwhns tZb fXnkB d/Ddh p/jZd }o{os j? sK fe gzikp dk FkBkwZsk fJfsjk; s/ FkBdko ;fGnkukofco s'A d[Bhnk ftZu BFo j' ;e/.

fJ; ;zdoG ftZu gzikp ftu efbnkDekoh oki fbnkT[D tk;s/ fjZsgzikp dh nc;oFkjh d/ o'b dk th f}eo eoBk pDdk j? fe fJj nkgD/;Nhb co/w Gkt fJ;gksh YKu/ s'A fes/ EZb/ T[so e/ j[D pK;K d/ fbcD tkb/YKu/ ftu spdhb j' rJh j?. ne;o nkgDh ekpbhns s/ siop/ d/ f;o#s/ mhe s/ rbs B{z sK pky{ph ikDd/ jB, go :?Z; ;o s/ nkgK B{z eh dhgqftosh sfjs rbs fgqsK s/ gqEktK d/ w{e doFe pD/ j'J/ jB.

fJj rZb gZeh j? fe oZp tb'A b'e ;/tk d/ T[Zu/ nj[d/ uzr/ ;z;ekoKeoe/ eowK tkfbnK B{z jh fwbd/ jB. go b'e ;/tk ftu nfXekohnK

398

s/ eowukohnK dh f}zdrh d/ fpjsohB ;kb fJ; fJbkjh pyfFF dh;'Mh Bk j'D eoe/ nikJhA r[nku oj/ jB. ne;o fJe toskok fJj tht/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe gfjbK sK spkdb/ t/b/ jh fe;/ n\;o dh fe;/ftF/F ;EkB #s/ ehsh-eZsoh #s/ gkDh fco iKdk j?. go foNkfJow?AN s'Apknd sK T[; d/ ehs/ ezwK B{z fJT[A ikD-p[M e/ nDr"fbnk ehsk iKdkj? fe fit/A T[; d/ ofj u[e/ i{Bhno nfXekoh T[; Bkb e'Jh g[okDh feVQeZY oj/ j'D. fJ; soQK dk uZbD ;oekoK dh ndbk-pdbh t/b/ th gqsZyB}o nkT[Adk j? i' fe b'e GbkJh s/ ftek; dhnK ;ehwK dhnK iVQK ftus/b gkT[D tork wkVk ezw eodk j?.

;kvhnK ;oekoK dk th B}ohnk ;/tk-Bftos nfXekohnK gqsh e[ZMfJj' fijk j? fe foNkfJo j'J/ nc;oK s'A e'Jh th ;bkj-wFto/ wksoth bkjk BjhA fbnk iKdk. yk; eoe/ tZv/ gZXo-g?wkB/ #s/ id'A gzikp d/fe;/ e"wh w[Zd/-w;b/ dh rZb j[zdh j? sK th ekpb s/ siop/eko ;/tk w[esnc;oK dh ;bkj b?D dh }fjws BjhA ehsh iKdh. fJj Gkt/A gzikp d/y[o oj/ fto;/ s/ ;fGnkuko dhnK r[nku ojhnK B?fse-edoK ehwsK dhrZb j't/l ;wki d/ ;hBhno f;Nh}B} s'A ;bkj-wFtok b?D dk e'JhsodZd-seZb\ jh BjhA ehsk iKdk. ;r'A T[BQK d/ ed/ i{Bhno ofj u[e/nfXekoh fJj wfj;{; eod/ jB fe g[okD/ nfXekohnK B{z ;ZdD BkbT[BQK dh j/mh j[zdh j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kv/ oki gqpzX dh ;fEsh ;kv/ fJe nykD @;keK Bz{;ke pE/o/ s/ bkrhnK B{z bkr pE/o/# nB[;ko pZ; fJT[A j? fe ;oeko Bz{;/tk w[es nfXekohnK dh edo BjhA j? s/ foNkfJo nc;o ;oeko dke'Jh fJt}-nfj;kB BjhA wzBd/. fJ; soQK ;oeko s/ nc;oK d/dofwnkB f}zdrh d/ p/jsohB ;kbK dh bzwh fbjk} sVZe eoe/ N[ZN iKdhj?. fJ; tosko/ #s/ ;kvh b'e p'bh @brdh fe;/ Bk t/yh, N[ZNdh B{ziZr ikDdk# g{oB s"o #s/ Y[Zedh j?. ;r'A ukjhdk sK fJj j? fe id'A fes/th ;w[Zu/ ;wki d/ fe;/ e"wh w;b/ dk ;tkb yVQk j't/ sK ;oeko ;wkid/ jo tor d/ ikro{e b'eK ns/ yk; eoe/ p[ZXhihthnK s/ g[okD/siop/eko nc;oK d/ ftukoK B{z nkgDh ftT[Aspzdh ftu Fkwb eo/.

fJE/ w?B{z nkgD/ gqkuhB fJfsjk; dh rZb :kd nkT[Adh j? fe id'A

399

GrtkB okw uzdo ih B/ okw;/s{ g[b pzfBQnk ;h sK fJe frbfjoh th;jkJh f;ZX j'Jh ;h. fco gzukb eEk j? fe fJe fuVh izrb dh nZrp[MkT[D bJh nkgDh u[zM ftu s[gek-s[gek gkDh fbnk e/ :sBFhb j'ojh ;h. fJj ejkDhnK f;oc ejkDh wkso jh BjhA, ;r'A f;Zfynk wksojB fe b'e efbnkD d/ tZv/ ezw nkw siop/eko b'eK d/ ;KM/ ;fj:'rBkb tXhnk s/ uzr/ sohe/ Bkb B/go/ uVQkJ/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJ; gqEkfJFkfJo ;"dk B/ fejk j? feL-

eGh jtkfd; ;/ izr eoe/ eGh jtkfd; w/A ozr Goe/fizB/Q Ek @;"dk# ;tkoB/ ek T[Bj'A B/ fe;ws e' :{z ;ztkok

fJ; dk wsbp fJj j? fe nkgDh X[B d/ F[dkJh b'eK B/ dog/Fu[D"shnK Bkb d'-uko j' e/ e[ZM wjZstg{oB ezw eo r[}oBk j[zdk j?.fJ; bJh j[D th fiBQK iB{BhnK B/ u[D"shnK Bz{ jwtko eoBk j?, T[BQK Bz{gzikp d/ ;wkfie s/ nkofEe YKu/ ftu nkgDh e"wh ;'u s/ bj{-g;hB/d/ ozr GoB/ g?D/ jB feT[Afe ni/ ;kBz{ dog/F w;fbnK d/ s{\kB pVhuVQkJh #s/ jB. j[D th e"w d/ fybkc T[m oj/ itkoGkN/ pVh T[Skb #s/jB. fJ; tk;s/ jh fe;/ FkfJo B/ fejk j? feL-

f}eo/ bp/-;kfjb ;/ nGh e[S BjhA jkf;beFsh eh ypo bhihJ/ s{cK pj[s j?A

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvhnK ;oekoK ftu ;/tk w[es ;hBhno nfXekohnKdh g[ZS-gqshs eoB s/ T[BQK s'A e'Jh okfJ-wFtok b?D dh fJE/ fgos jhBjhA j?. p/FZe e[ZM e[ B}o/-wB}{o uj/s/ nfXekohnK B{z w[V s'A e'Jho[spk-w[okspk d/ e/ efEs ;/tk dk i{bQk gk fdZsk iKdk j?. go nfijh;[nkoE Gog{o ekotkJh ftu ekfpb nc;oK d/ b'VhAd/ :'rdkB s'A;oeko s/ gqFk;B d't/A jh ftot/ ofj iKd/ jB feT[Afe fdnkBsdkonc;o M'bh u[eh BjhA eo ;ed/. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe gzikp B{zdog/F ;zihdk s/ rzGho w;fbnK #s/ ;hBhno f;Nh}B} s/ ;/tk Bftose[Fb gqFk;eK B{z @fEze N?Ae# Gkt ;wki d/ ;{MtkB GzvkoB d/ s"o #s/tkjo ti'A ;Zd wkoB dh b'V j?.

fJE/ f}eo:'r j? fe ;kv/ ;wki dhnK ;wkfie, ;fGnkukfoe s/nkofEe ;wZf;nktK ns/ gzikp d/ ;w[Zu/ ;otgZyh ftek; ;pzXh do;kT[AdhnK

400

y'iK s/ f;ckfoFK d/ rZfvnK d/ rZv/ bZd/ gJ/ jB. go fe;/ th wzsoh iKwfjew/ d/ nc;o e'b ;woEk s/ ;wK BjhA fe T[j fe;/ fJe th y'ifBpzX iK bZyK o[gJ/ ;kbkBk you e/ pDtkJhnK ;oekoh fog'oNK s'AfwZNh MkV e/ e'Jh uzrk ;pe b? ;eD. ;r'A n;hA sK yoVQ frnkBhnK tKrz{e Zu xoV Q e zw eoB d / jh F "ehB jK. fJ; g qEkfJ n;h AfwjBs-w[FZes s'A puD bJh oZfynkswe ;'u s/ s"o sohfenK s'A fJbktk@nkJ/A-pkJ/A# eoB fij/ ;zd-;zd/V/ xV bJ/ jB. fJ; soQK i[rkVpzdh ;kvkw[Zy wzst pD frnk j? s/ pjkB/ pk}h ;kvh j[Bowzdh pD rJh j?. nkgD/ezw ftu gZfenkJh-g[ysrh s'A n;hA jw/Fk jh Nkbk tZNd/ jK.

;kv/ ftu gqc?eFfB;N n?NhfuT{v Gkt f;o/ dk tXhnk ezw eoB dhGktBk ofj jh BjhA rJh. pZ; p[Zsk ;ko{ fijh i[rkVpzdh nZi ;kv/ jofJe dcso ftu gqsZy B}o nkT[Adh j?. ;kv/ dcsoK s'A b? e/ nzeVkftGkrK sZe }whBh jehesK B{z dofeBko eoe/ pZ; nzefVnK s/}opK-se;hwK dh y/v uZb ojh j?. whfNzrK ftu o[Zy/-;[Zy/ fj;kph nzeV/p'b/ iKd/ jB s/ nzeV/ ;[D/ iKd/ jBl fJBQK ftu'A iBsk s/ ;kvhnK T[; gqshwB[Zyh GktBktK wBch j[zdhnK jB. fi; d/ ekoB tXhnk s'A tXhnk b'eGbkJh ;ehwK s/ gqki?eN F[o{ j'D s'A pknd e[ZM e[ ck;bk YhuZe ukbBkb s?n eoB T[gozs dw s'Vd/ fd;d/ jB.

;kv/ f;nk;h nkr{ th ;wki fjs?Fh s/ e[Zb tesh d{orkwh ;ehwK s/gqki?eNK tk;s/ e'Jh d{od[oFsk s'A ezw b?D dh EK pZ; rbhnK-BkbhnKfijhnK e[ZM tesh ;ehwK tk;s/ jo gzi ;kb pkd bZyK-eo'VK o[gJ/rbhnK dh fwZNh ftu o'b oj/ jB s/ BkbhnK ftu o'VQ oj/ jB. fJewfjewk ;Ve pDkT[Adk j? s/ ;hto/i s/ N?bhc'B wfjew/ tkb/ nkgDhnKgkJhgK gkT[D bJh T[; B{z g[ZN fdzd/ jB. phHn?AvHnkoH wfjew/ dk@whNo# d[pkok ubdk j? s/ fJ; soQK vpb efwFBK d/ d{jo/ rZc/ bZrd/jB. pZ; nfij/ skbw/b dh eh f;cs ehsh ikt/ fe fJe wfjewk pDkfojk j? s/ d{ik Ykj fojk j?.

fJ; soQK bhvoK s/ nc;oK tk;s/ rbhnK-BkbhnK #s/ o'fVQnk iKdkfJj g?;k nkgD/ t'N p?AeK Bz{ ;ztkoB-;zGkbD tk;s/ fJe tXhnk fBt/FpfDnk j'fJnk j?. fJ; soQK b'e GbkJh d/ BKn #s/ f;nk;sdkBK tb'A

401

o[gJhnK dhnK SZbK d[nkok t'NoK dk okiBhse F'FD j' fojk j?. fJE/;kv/ ftnzreko y'i/g[oh dh rZb pVh Y[ZethA j?, fi; B{z fe BhM bk e/;wMD dh b'V j? feL-

u'oh d/ ftu oky/ dh th g{oh fjZ;/dkoh j?y'i/g[oh b'e oki B/ b'eK dh wZs wkoh j?

fJ; soQK gzi ;kb ftu xN'-xN fJe d' tko wjke[zG tork fJjw"ek fgzv dh uzrh-wkVh gzukfJs tk;s/ wkfJnk d/ rZfcnK d/ o{g ftunkT[Adk j?. fJ; soQK gzi ;kb gfjbK pDhnK rbhnK, BkbhnK s/ ;VeKtk;s/ d[pkok fwb/ fJj wkfJnk d/ SKd/ i/eo e'Jh GbhwkD; gzukfJs bkd/t/ sK tkj Gbhl BjhA sK fJj czv po;ksh gkDh tKr o[VQ-g[VQ jh iKd/jB. fJT[A dpV{-x[;V{ Yzr Bkb pDhnK rbhnK s/ BkbhnK dh sK gfjbKjh N?An p'b iKdh j?. fco ;VeK th fBFfus wNhohnb dh xkN eoe/pZ; cN/ jkb s/ N[ZNhnK jh ofjzdhnK jB. fJ; soQK @nZrk d"V s/ fgZSku"V# torh e'Mh y/v d/ ekoB g/Av{ ftek; s/ fgzvK B{z wkvb rqkw pDkT[Dtor/ ;zebgK dk goDkbk T[E/ dk T[E/ jh ofjzdk j?. ;r'A ftek; d/ BKn#s/ eo'VK-nopK o[gJ/ y{j dh fwZNh y{j B/ ykJh dk fdqF-fdqFNKswstkso B}o nk fojk j?.

fJe j'o e'MkgD g/Av{ s/ Ffjoh ftek; ftu d/yD Bz{ fwb fojk j?fe fiE/ fe;/ rbh iK wjZb/ ftu oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh d/ fto'Xh b'ef}nkdk ofjzd/ jB sK T[; J/ohJ/ Bz{ jh ftek; s'A tKMk eo fdsk iKdkj?. fJE'A sZe fe fijV/ ;e{bK dhnK SZsK th fvrD tkbhnK j[zdhnK jB,T[BQK Bz{ th f;nk;s d/ nXko #s/ nDr"fbnk eo fdZsk iKdk j?. fJ; soQKdh ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse ;'u ;w[Zu/ ;wki bJh pVh B[e;kBd/j ;kfpsj' ojh j?.

fco oZp Bk eo/, id'A ;wki B{z fes/ fcoekgq;sh dk d"ok g?Adk j? sK;j{bsK s'A tKM/ b'e ;j{bsK tkb/ fJbke/ B{z Nkor?N pDk b?Ad/ jB. gofJBQK d'BK ftek; s/ ftBkF dhnK ;{osK ftu gsk BjhA n;hA feT[A G[biKd/ jK fe fiBQK b'eK Bz{ n;hA ftek; s'A tKMk oyd/ jK iK B[e;kBgjz[ukT[D bJh fBFkBk pDkT[Ad/ jK, T[j th ;kv/ jh G?D-GkJh jz[d/ jB.fJ; gqEkfJ fe;/ FkfJo B/ fezBh GktBk Gog{o fusktBh fdsh j?L-

402

Ffjo c{zeB/ tkb' :/ fynkb Gh oyBkd';s'A e/ xo Gh j?A d[FwB eh p;shT[A w/A

fJ; soQK ;wki ;/tk d/ ;kv/ tXhnk ;zebg s/ ;zGktBktK ;kvh fdqVQf;nk;h fJZSk Fesh s/ gqFk;fBe brB s/ ekoie[Fbsk dh xkN d/ekoB ne;o nwbh o{g XkoB s'A gfjbK jh ec{o j' iKdhnK jB. fJjjh ekoB j? fe j[D sZe fgSb/ 50-60 ;kbK ftu b'e fjZs dhnKnDfrDs ;ehwK nkJhnK, E'VQk ;wK ti{d ftu ojhnK s/ fco ysw j'rJhnK. fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;w/A-;w/A dhnK ;oekoK nkgD/-nkgD/ ;w/A ftunkgDh gkoNh dh w[Bkdh-wFj{oh bJh @g[okDh Fokp s/ BthA p'sb# d/nB[;ko BthnK ;ehwK xVdhnK ofjzdhnK jBl i' fe ne;o pknd ftunkT[D tkbh gkoNh d/ ekoiekb ftu nb'g j' iKdhnK jB.

fJ; soQK j[D sZe fJzB/ ;kb pknd th gzikp d/ ftek; dk b'VhAdkezw th jkb/ g{ok BjhA j'fJnk. @;opZs dk Gbk# sK eh j'Dk j?, ;r'Arohp b'eK dk th Gbk BjhA j'fJnk. fJ; tk;s/ jh j[D gzikp dh nkwiBsk fJj d[nk eodh ikgdh j? fe T[j fdB ed'A nkT[Dr/, id'A n;hAgzikp s/ gzikphns d/ fjZs ftu e[ZM rfjo-rzGho ;'u T[gozs e[ZM ;zihdkc?;b/ b?D d/ ;woE j' ;eKr/, fijV/ fe ;kv/ GftZy B{z o[FBkT[Dr/.

gzikp d/ b'eK Bz{ tXhnk r"ofwzN d/D bJh }o{oh j? fe b'e GbkJhs/ ftek; d/ ezw ehs/ ikD fiBQK bJh fe g?;/ dh pVh b'V jz[dh j?. gone;o jh d/yD ftu nkfJnk j? fe b'eK dh tkj-tkj yZND bJh N?e;s/ wkbhnk T[rokjh tor/ fc;eb Gkt ftZsh soihjK Bz{ ;oekoK ft;kofdzdhnK jB ns/ gkg{b; Gkt iBsk Bz{ y[F eoB bJh N?e; w[nkch fij/c?;b/ b? b?AdhnK jB. fJ; ;{os ftu ;oekoK e'b gfjbh rZb sK ftek;bJh g?;k jh BjhA jz[dk, go fco th i/ ;oekoK ftek; eodhnK jB sKT[BQK Bz{ eo}k b?Dk g?Adk j?, fi; eoe/ T[j nkg jh eo}kJh s/ ew}'oj' iKdhnK jB. fJ; bJh ;oekoK Bz{ j[D N?e; w[nkch s/ j'o w[nkchBkw/ikoh eoB s'A gfjbK pkDhJ/A s/ tgkoh tor dh fuoK s' n}wkJh j'JhXkoBk @;yh Bkb'A ;{w Gbk fijVk s[os d/t/ itkp# s'A ;pe rqfjD eoBdh b'V j? sK fe ;oeko y}kB/ Gog{o j' ;eD.

b'eK B{z r[Zv rtoB?A; d/D d/ B[esk-B}o s'A ;kvhnK ;oekoK w[Zy s"o

403

#s/ t'N oki dh w[Ekih ekoB c/bQ j'JhnK jB. fiE'A sZe iBsk s'A N?e;s/ wkbhnk nkfd t;{bD dk ;tkb j?, ;oekoK d/ w{zj-}[pkBh nkd/FK d/dpkn ekoB gqFk;B B/ ikD p[M e/ t;{bh eoB d/ gZy'A gk;k tZfNnk j?fe fes/ oki ;Zsk tkbh gkoNh d/ t'No Bkok} jh Bk j' ikD.

fco fJ; s'A th nZr/ ;oekoK s/ gqFk;fBe nfXekohnK tb'A b'eK B{zco}K s'A ikD{z eotkT[D dh EK T[BQK B{z jo y/so ftu y[ZbQ ns/ S'N fdZshj? Gkt/A b'e jo fJe S'Nh-tZvh ;Ve #s/ o/jVhnK-cVQhnK bk e/ p/FZenktkikJh jh pzd eo d/D, T[BQK B{z e'Jh BjhA o'edk. fJ; soQK jh n;o-o;{y tkb/ p/n;{b/ pzd/ gkoeK dh d[otos'A eoe/ nkgDh gkofezr jh pDkb?D iK Gkt//A nkgD/ fBnkfDnK bJh feqeN s/ c[ZNpkb dhnK rokT{AvK pDkb?D, e'Jh gqXkB iK ;oekoh B[wkfJzdk T[BQK nZr/ p'bdk jh BjhA. c/o i/fes/ w[jZb/dkoh ftu e'Jh tZvk nc;o ofjzdk j't/ sK T[j Gkt/A gkoe ftunkgD/ ;[oZfynk eowukohnK d/ szp{-N?AN jh bk d/t/. fJBQK ;{osK ftu;oekoh nc;oK s/ b'eb gqXkBK dh jkbs gzikph ejkts nB[;ko @x;[zBfijk e'b yVQk e[Vh B{z b? frnk e[Zsk# fijh j[zdh j?.

fgSb/ ekch ;w/A s'A ;oeko B/ gqFk;fBe nfXekohnK B{z ikfJ}N?e; t;{bh iK BkikfJ} epf}nK B{z jNkT[D s'A }[pkBh ebkwh fBoT[s;kfjsjh ehsk j? sK fe t'N p?Ae jo jkbs ftu ekfJw-dkfJw ofjD. fJ;soQK gqFk;B B{z eJh djkfenK s'A nDr"fbnk fijk ehsk frnk j?. fJ;Bkb gqFk;B ftu th fYZb-wZm s/ yV's nkJh j?. T[jh gqFk;B fijVk ed/o[NhB ftu jh ;oeko d/ j[ewK dh gkbDk fjZs gZpK Gko j'fJnk fcodk;h, j[D f;oc ezg/nB p/f;} Gkt w[fjzw d/ nXko #s/ ;kb-fSwkjh fgZS'Ajh wkVh-w'Nh rod-fwZNh MkVdk j?. y?o! j[D sK ;oeko B/ e'Jh tZvhnKw[fjzwK dk yfjVk SZv e/ e'Jh yk; fdB s/ ;gskj wBkT[D dk jh nk:'iBeo fbnk j?. j[D fJ; gqEkfJ fw;kb ti'A g'bhU o'e{ p{zdK, nfXnkgefdt;, Nq?fce ikro{esk dk jcsk ns/ dzdK iK nZyK dh ;zGkb dkgzdotkVk wBkT[D ;w/A jh ;oeko s/ gqFk;B joes ftu nkT[Ad/ jB.

;oekoh ezweki ftu fiE'A se fuZmh gZso s/ gZso fttjko dk;pzX j?, ;oekoK s/ ;oekoh dcso sK wDK-w{zjh ekr}K s/ ckJhbK d/g[bzd/ jh pD rJ/ ikgd/ jB. fizBK tZvk nc;o j't/rk, T[; d/ w/} T[s/

404

T[B/ jh ckJhbK d/ Y/o bZr/ j'Dr/. ;r'A j[D sK ckJhbK d/ Y/oK s'A jh T[ZunfXekohnK d/ dcsoK dh FkB s/ gSkD pDdh j?. go fJE/ ;wMD tkbhrZb fJj j? fe b'eK dhnK w[FfebK dk jZb ckJhbK ftu'A BjhA, ;r'A chbvftu'A bZGD dh b'V j?.

j[D fJj dZ;D dh b'V BjhA fe ;koh nc;oFkjh s/ eowukoh torezw eoB d/ nkd/FK s'A fJfwT{B Gkt gqGkt ofjs j' u[eh j?. gfjbK ed/dcsoK ftu fuZmh s/ ohwkfJzvo j[zd/ ;B. fco v?wh-nkchFhnb GktnoX ;oekoh gZsoK dk gquZbD j'fJnk. fco vhHUH b?No th c/bQ j' rJ/sK g[fb; o/fvU w?f;i gquZfbs j' rJ/. j[D c?e; wFhBK nk rJhnK jB,go e[Zb fwb-fwbk e/ ;fEsh e[ZM fJT[A j? fe fit/A wZSo j[D vhHvhHNhHiK j'o ;gq/nK s'A G?n-w[es j' rJ/ jB, pZ; T[; soQK jh ;w[Zuk eowukohtor j[D ni'e/ ;w/A dh ;G s'A tXhnk ekY ezfgT{NoheoB s'A th p/y"cj' u[ek j? feT[Afe ezfgT{NoK B{z th n;hA c/bQ eo fdZsk j?.

;r'A ;Zuh rZb sK fJj j? fe @f}bQk n?ZvwfB;Nq/FB# torh ;z;Ekfi;d/ pbp{s/ nzrq/} ;Zs ;w[zdo'A gko th nkgDk okiGkr ubk rJ/l n;hAT[; Bz{ th fBg[z;e pDk fdsk j?. fJ; bJh jh sK j[D ;kB{z@okJhN N{ fJBcow/FB n?eN# s/ ;{uBk nfXeko efwFB pDkT[D dh b'VgJh j?. j[D i/ f}bk gXo #s/ ;oeko dh ekoiekoBh ;z;Ek jh }wkB/;k}h d/ n;o j/m b'eK B{z b'VhAdh okjs BjhA d/ ;eh sK n;hA @okJhN N{;oft; n?eN# s/ ;/tk nfXeko efwFB pDkT[D tZb B{z s[o gJ/ jK.fJ; soQK n;hA ;oeko dh tXhnk gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek dk nkg jh fdtkbkeZY fbnk j?.

rZb sK f;oc fJzBh jh j? fe f}bk gqFk;B Bz{ ezw eoB dh pDdh-cpdh y[ZbQ d/ e/ b'e ;/tk fjZs nfXekohnK s/ eowukohnK B{z itkpd/jpDkfJnk ikt/. i/ f}bk gqFk;B nkgDh pDdh fvT{Nh mhe Yzr Bkb BkfBGk ;e/ sK T[; Bz{ eoko/ jEhA b?D dh b'V j?. ;r'A fJ; ;zdoG ftufJj d'pkok ftukoB dh rZb j? fe i/ f}bQk nfXekoh jh b'eK dk ezwBjhA eo oj/ sK T[BQK dh fyukJh ;oeko gZXo s/ jh j' ikDh ukjhdh j?.fJ; tk;s/ n;zs[FN iBsk Bz{ Bt/A-Bt/A pD/ efwFBK d/ dcsoK dhnKg"VhnK uVQkT[D s/ n;b/ T[go w;b/ yV/ eoe/ uzvhrVQ d/ r/V/ btkT[D dh

405

e;os-etkfJd fpbe[b BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh feT[Afe fJ; Bkb iBskdhnK sebhcK j'o tXDrhnK s/ ;w/A dh j'o th popkdh j't/rh.

fJe gqkuhB f;nkDg j? fe fJe M{m B{z S[gkT[D bJh ;" M{m wkoB/g?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK ;oeko nc;oFkjh B{z b'e fjZs dh ykfso f;ZX/ gZXo/fJe bkJhB d/ j[ew ns/ fco skwhbh fog'oN wzrD dh pikJ/ gsk BjhAfezB/ jh j'o fe;w d/ Bt/A efwFB, nj[d/ s/ nc;o g?dk eo ojh j?.fJ; gq;zr ftu j[D f;oc s/ f;oc fJj ukjhdk j? fe ;oeko nkgD/;ko/ eowukoh tor ;w/s nkgD/ nkg B{z b'eK gqsh f}zw/tko s/ itkjd/j pDkt/ ns/ yk; s"o #s/ ;w[Zu/ gqFk;B B{z b'e fjZs ftu nekT{AN/pb GkteoBh-XoBh dk f}zw/tko pDkt/.

;kv/ ;wki d/ ;w[Zu/ GftZy dh tkrv'o j[D ;oeko s/ ;oeko d/nfXekohnK s/ eowukohnK d/ jZE j?. fJ; ;pzXh ;gFN ;ko-;kozF ti'Afejk ik ;edk j? fe nc;oK B/ th ;oekoK d/ o[Zy B{z d/y e/ nkgDkokj-o[Zy pdb fbnk j?. T[j th ;wki ;/tk d/ nkgD/ pDd/ o'b ns/ T[BQK#s/ nkfJd co}K s'A w[Beo j' oj/ jB. ne;o t/yD ftu nkT[Adk j? fe id'AT[Zu nfXekoh T[Zu gZXoh gqFk;fBe whfNzrK ftu p?m/ j[zd/ jB sK T[j;oekoh Bhsh s/ fB:w fBoXkfos eoB ;w/A nkgDh ekpbhns s/ bzw/ siop/d/ nXko #s/ nkgD/ :'rdkB ti'A e'Jh m'; s/ bkj/tzd dbhb iK ;bkj wFtokBjhA fdzd/. ;r'A fJj e'Jh b'VhAdh s/ tkip pDdh-cpdh fezs{-gqzs{ th BjhAeod/. go id'A e'Jh ;ehw chbv ftu nkT[Adh j? sK ;ehw B{z nwbh o{gd/D t/b/ fJj ;"y/-;[yZb/ ofjD d/ nkdh nc;o nkgD/ ftu fwjBs s/ brBdh xkN j'D d/ ekoB b'eK s/ ;oeko d/ dofwnkB nkgDh fcsos d/ d' gkb/-gb';/ @gfjbtkB fezs{ s/ gqzs{# yVQ/ eo fdzd/ jB.

fco nfXekoh fwjBs s/ brB Bkb fe;/ ;ehw B{z B/go/ ukVQB dh}fjws Gkt n"y-n"fynkJh s'A puD tk;s/ ;oeko B{z FF'gzi ftu gkJhoZyd/ jB s/ b'e T[BQK d/ wro-wro w/b/ ftu r[nkuh rK tKr{z s[o/ fcod/jB. ;' ;oeko B{z j[D nc;oK dh pD u[eh nfijh gqftosh B{z mZbQD bJhfJ; gk;/ T[u/uk fXnkB d/D dh pVh b'V j?. nc;oK dk j[D fJj jkbj' frnk j? fe fit/A ib fpBK wZSbh BjhA ofj ;edh, T[t/A jh nc;onkgDh nc;oh dh e[o;h s'A fpBK BjhA ofj ;ed/. fJj jh ekoB j? fe

406

gqhwhno ;oftf;} tkb/ th j[D feokJ/-GkV/ #s/ ;oekoh p'Mk Y'D bZrgJ/ jB. fco fit/A gzikph ;fGnkuko ftu fJe ftnzr gquZfbs j? fefijVh y'sh EkD/dko dk p'Mk Y'n nkt/ T[j d{finK Bkb BjhA obdh.fpbe[b fJ; soQK jh fJBQK ;ZiDK dk th o{g-o{gKso jh pdb iKdk j?.e?bth fJBQK d/ ;pzX ftu fbydk j? feL-

d{finK Bkb T[j ed/ th BjhA obdhy'sh i' mkfDUA j' e/ i' w[Vdh J/

fJT[A ib fpB wZSbh s/ nc;o fpbk-nc;oh j[D fJe pokpo j'rJ/ jB. fi; soQK wZSh gkDh s'A fpBK wo iKdh j?, T[; soQK jh pj[s/nc;o nc;oh dh e[o;h s'A fpBK nkgD/ ;kj x[ZN/-w[Ze/ wfj;{; eod/jB. fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;oeko B{z fJj th ;'uD dh b'V j? fe m/e/dkohf;;Nw sK gfjbK jh gzikp d/ fBowkD ftGkrK dk p/Vk roe eo fojkj?, fco m/e/ #s/ oy/ fJBQK nc;oK B{z b'eK s/ ;oeko Bkb fezBK e[j/i j?. yk; eoe/ fJ; jkbs ftu id'A fe fJBQK B{z j[D fe;/ ftGkrhekotkJh dk e'Jh vo-v[Zeo jh BjhA j?. fJ; jkbs ftu fJj gqFk;Bdh ofjzdh y{zjdh b[Nhnk BjhA v'pDr/ sK b'e ;/tk dk j'o fejVk ntZbkezw eoBr/l fijVk fe fJj nkgDh 30-35 ;kb dh ;oft; ftugfjbK BjhA eo ;e/<

fJ; bJh gzikp dh fe;/ ;w/A wzBh gqwzBh nc;oFkjh B{z j[D w[V s'Ag[Bo ;[oihs eoB dh b'V j?. ;w[Zuh nc;oFkjh B{z fco s'A T[j ;w/A :kdeotkT[D dh b'V j? fe id'A ;kvhnK ghVQhnK s'A gfjbK d/ ;kv/ nc;o s/eowukoh xo'A yk e/ th f;oc nkD-pkD s/ FkB tk;s/ B"eoh eod/ j[zd/;h. T[d'A fe;/ gF{ dh oZ;/ uZpD dh nkds tkr{z wip{o e'Jh fJeZV-d[eZVw[bk}w foFtsy'o j[zdk ;h. fJj ;fEsh T[d'A Go/-g{o/ y/s ftu n?t/A e'JhE'VQh fijh ekDfrnkoh wkso jh j[zdh ;h. T[BQK ;fwnK ftu nfij/ uhdk-uhdk foFtsy'oK B{z ekbh G/v dh th ;zfxnk fdZsh iKdh ;h. j[D sKnc;'; dh rZb j? fe ;kok gqFk;fBe tkVk jh ekbhnK G/vK Bkb Gfonkfgnk j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu f}eo:'r j? fe fe;/ ;w/A nc;oK s/ pkp{nKe'b ;kJheb jh jz[d/ ;B. j[D ;?eNohJ/N ftu T[BhA ;kJhebK dh GowkoBjhA j? fizBh fe T[E/ j[D ;e?AvbK dh frDsh j' u[eh j?.

407

j[D sK f;nk;h s/ gqFk;fBe :koh-:okfBnK B/ pdfdnkBsh s/foFtsy'oh d/ gZy'A ;koh nc;oFkjh dk w{zj wZEk jh ftrkV fdZsk j?.;wki s/ nkgDh ;oekoh pokdoh ftu j[D sK foFts Bk b?D tkbknc;o fBzw'M{Dk fijk j'fJnk fcodk j?. feZ;k w[ys;ol dcso sK j[Dd[ekB pD rJ/ jBl fiBQK ftu b'e ;/tk dh EK i/p ;/tk d/ Bkw #s/rZb/-r'beK Go ojhnK jB. ;r'A j[D sK f;nk;h s/ gqFk;fBe ;KMhtkbsks/ T[; s'A nZr/ GkJh-fGnkbh d/ ekoB iBsk B{z th nkds g? rJh j? fefizBh d/o T[j nc;oK B{z e'Jh f;ckfoF dk iK wkfJnk dk e'Jh uVQktkBk uVQk bt/, T[BhA d/o T[;dh s;Zbh jh BjhA j[zdh. fijV/ e'Jh oZp d/ pzd/foFts BjhA b?Ad/, T[BQK B{z b'e pj[sk uzrk BjhA ;wMd/ feT[Afe j[D b'eKdh fJe XkoBk fijh pD rJh j? fe foFts Gkt/A N{zw-SZbk t/u e/ thd/Dh gt/, go nc;o ezw B{z BKj Bk eo/.

j[D dcsoK s/ nc;oK dh FkB dh gSkD T[BQK d/ Gog{o fBZih]}kfBnK s'A j[zdh j?. ;wki ;/tk d/ Bkw d/ bykfJe f;Zfynk s/ f;jswfjew/ sK nfjwhns d/ gy'A j[D nkpekoh, y[oke s/ eJh j'o ftGkrKd/ gkf;zr th BjhA oj/ jB. fJj fJ; bJh j'fJnk j? fe j[D efbnkDekohwfjefwnK dh gfoGkFk jh pdb rJh j?. fBo;zd/j b'e fjZsekohwfjefwnK B{z sK j[D w[obh wfjefwnK dh ;zfxnk fdZsh iKdh j? s/ fJBQKftu jwksV @w[obh-wB'jo# nc;oK B{z y[Zv/ bkJhB bkT[D dh ro} Bkbjh bkfJnk iKdk j?.

fJj rZb tZyoh j? fe fJE/ th e[ZM nc;o s/ w[bk}w nkgDh nkdss'A wip{o ;w[zdo dhnK bfjoK frDB d/ th g?;/ b?D tkbh ejkDh tKr{z;odk-pDdk i[rkV eo b?Ad/ jB. y?o! fJ; gqEkfJ eowukoh tor dkefjDk j? fe fJ; b?D-d/D s/ wfjzrkJh d/ }wkB/ ftu wfonk th sK BjhAiKdk. fJ; tk;s/ wkV/ w'N/ fGqFNkuko dh i[rkVpzdh ns/ foFtsy'oh d/okr-nbkg dh i[rbpzdh sK jo ftGkr ftu fd;dh s/ ;[Ddh j?. j[D y[d;oekoK tk;s/ th nkpekoh, g[Zvk, wzvh p'ov, f;tb ;gbkJh s/ Nq?fcenkfd wfjefwnK d/ w[ekpb/ ftu f;Zfynk ftGkr, f;js ftGkr s/ yk;eoe/ BF/ S[vkT{ rshftXhnK dh sK e'Jh wjZst jh BjhA ofj rJh. ;r'ApiN d/ gZy'A sK fJj wfjew/ ;oeko bJh @ykT{ g[Zs# jh pD u[e/ jB s/d{i/ gk;/ wkb-g?;k ewkT{ ftGkrK d/ nc;oK B{z ;oeko nkw s"o #s/

408

@ewkT{ g[Zs# efj e/ fBtkidh j?.

go jkb/ th fJe nk; dh feoB fd;dh j? ns/ fBFfus s"o #s/fejk ik ;edk j? fe gzikp dk ;w[Zuk w[bk}w tor jkb/ th oks'-okse[okB Fohc fbyD tork Gkt e'Jh uzrk eow eoB dh e[tZs oZydk j?lpFos/ fe fJBQK d/ f;nk;h nkek s/ gqG{ fJBQK B{z F?skBh nkfJsK BkfbyD bkJh oZyD. fJ; tk;s/ f;oc s/ f;oc f;nk;h nkr{nK B{z nkgD/d[nkb/ p?mhnK ukgb{; i[zvbhnK s'A pu e/ fJwkBdko s/ ekoie[FbnfXekohnK B{z nZr/ fbnkT[Dk gt/rk.

fco nfij/ uzr/ nfXekohnK B{z FkpkF d/D ti'A okJhN w?B n?NokJhN gb/; Gkt :'r nc;o B{z T[; dh :'rsk nB[;ko mhe fB:[esh d/D dh b'V j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk @cZs' d/ G?V/-G?V/ :koK B{z# uzdB pDkT[Dtk;s/ orVD-x;kT[D bJh fdqVQ okiBhfse fJZSk Fesh s/ ;ys gqFk;ehseBhe dh th b'V j?. fJ; soQK b'eK B{z r[Zv rtoB?A; d/D d/ bJh e[Fbs/ ;[uko{ gqFk;eh pzd'p;s dh th b'V j?. BjhA sK, fJE/ gzikp ftu Bk@b'egkb# s/ Bk @okJhN N{ fJBcow/FB n?eN# ns/ yk; eoe/ Bk jhokJhN N{ ;oft; n?eN okjhA b'eK B{z okjs fdsh ik ;edh. gfjbK jhfezB/ j'o ekB{zB-}kps/ jB fiBQK s'A fdqV okiBhse fJSk Fesh s/gqFk;eh fBg[zBsk dh xkN ekoB iBsk B{z okjs BjhA fdsh ik ;eh.

fJ; dk ekoB ;gFN j? fe fizBh d/o ekB{zBK B{z bkr{ eoB tkfbnK dhBhns ftu y'N j? s/ T[BQK dh ;'u ftu fdnkBsdkoh BjhA nkT[Adh, T[Bh d/o e'Jh th ekB{zB iK BthA ;z;Ek ekonkwd BjhA j' ;edh. ;r'A ;oekoK tb'AfijV/ fJj ;ko/ p/noE gqFk;eh s/ gqpzXeh eoDgbkj ehs/ ik oj/ jBlfJzBQK d/ e[Zb ;ko ti'A fejk ik ;edk j? fe ;kv/ w"i{dk ekB{zB-ftXkBK dhw"i{drh ftu ;oekoK dh fJj ekotkJh ezB B{z f;ZXk cVB dh pikJ/ f;os'A pKj x[zwk e/ cVB dh p/wsbp fijh etkfJd jh brdh j?.

fJj B[esk p/jZd rzGhosk Bkb ;wMD ftukoB dh b'V j? fe d/F d/ftXkB s/ }kpfsnK B{z bkr{ eoB bJh fBg[z;esk BjhA, ;r'A f;oc s/f;oc fdqVQsk s/ fBg[zBsk dh b'V j?. fJ; soQK ;kv/ d/F d/ ekB{zBK B{z ;jhgfog/y ftu bkr{ eoB fco fJBQK ekB{zBh s/ ;wkfie }kpfsnK d[nkok;wki ftu B?fse edoK-ehwsK, ;dkuko s/ nB[Fk;B fbnk e/ @jzM dh

409

i{B/ nkJ/# nkgD/ b'eK d/ f;oc jzM{ g{zMD dh pikJ/ T[BQK d/ nZEo{ ;[ekJ/ikD dh }o{os j?.

nZi ;w/A dh ;G s'A tZvh b'V @r[Zv rtoB?A; s/ nc?efNtn?vfw;BNq/FB# jh ofj rJh j?. ftek; dhnK ;ehwK s/ gqki?eN pj[sjB s/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh b'VhAd/ ekB{zB th xB/o/ jB. fJ; B[esk-fBrkjs'A j[D iBsk B{z p'bQ/ y{jK Gkt ykbh y{jK tor/ ;oekoh dcsoK sZex;hND iK c/o Bt/A f}fbQnK d/ Bkw #s/ ;oekoh ;j{bsK b'eK d/ B/V/eoB bJh jo ;kb eo'VK o[gJ/ BthnK fJwkosK, sBykjK s/ ekoK nkfd#s/ you eoB dh b'V BjhA j?. id'A fe j[D Bt/A f}bQ/ pDkT[D dh ekotkJh;oekoK dh ekw:kph ;wMh ik ojh j?l go ;[nkd sK fJ; ftu j? fei/ b'eK s/ gqkoEhnK dh x;hNk-x;kJh eoB dh pikJ/ T[BQK tk;s/ihtBdkfJe okjs s/ ;j{bs-;[ftXk d/ nzfwqsB[wk gkDh T[BQK d/ xoK sZejh g[Zid/ ehs/ ikD.

fJ; bJh nc;oK s/ dcsoK B{z j[D b'eK sZe gj[zukT[D dh nfsnzsb'V j?. fBo;zd/j fJ; tk;s/ j[D f}fbQnK s/ sfj;hbK B{z bho'-bho eoe/S'Nk eoB dh th b'V BjhA j?. yk; eoe/ id'A fe j[D :ksk:ks s/ ;zukod/ ;kXB fJzB/ tX rJ/ jB sK j[D j'o pj[s/ f}bQ/ s/ sfj;hbK pDke/gfjbK jh nfs-nfXe j' u[e/ 55 ch;dh sBykjK-GZfsnK B{z j'o tXk e/;oekoh ]}kB/ B{z b'eK tk;s/ j'o p'Mb eoB dh fpbe[Zb b'V BjhA j?.

fJ; ft;Eko dk sZs ;ko fJj j? fe nc;oK s/ eowukoh tor B{znkgD/ co}K s'A w[V s'A ikD{z s/ ikro{e eotkT[D dh io{os j?. fco T[BQKB{z b'e fjZs ftu b'eK d/ dotk}/ sZe d;se d/D dh etkfJd Bkb i'VBdh T[; s'A th tZX b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;G ek;/ s'A tX nc;oFkjh B{z fe;/th ezw B{z fBogZy sohe/ Bkb B/go/ ukVQB bJh f;ckfoFpk}h-w[es;tszsosk d/D dh th p/nzs b'V j?.

nc;'; dh rZb j? fe nZi nc;oFkjh b'eK B{z @efwfNv s/v?vhe/fNv# ;/tk Gkt tuBpZX s/ ;wofgs ;/tk d/D dh EK f;nk;hnkr{nK B{z v'w?;Nhe/fNv ;oft; Gkt xo/b{ ;/tk d/ ojh j?. nZi dhnc;oFkjh B{z T[; dh g[okDh s/ gqzgoktkdh FkBdko b'e ;/tk dh otkfJss'A fco s'A ikD{z eotkT[D dh b'V j?. j[D fJj f;nk;h n;o j/m fbc

410

e/ }kpsk c"idkoh dh Xkok 107$151 B{z fJzvhnB ghBb e'v dh 307pDk oj/ jB ns/ fiE/ fes/ 307 pDdh j't/, T[E/ T[; B{z fbcs/ fij/ pDe/ 107$151 Bkb jh ;ko fdzd/ jB. fco f;Zsw dh rZb fJj j? fe fJjb'e j[D Fokp s/ BfFnK d/ m/e/dkoK s/ s;eoK tZb @mzvh B}o# oZy e/fJe gk;/ nkgD/ jh GftZy d/ tkfo; B"itkBK dk xkD eo oj/ jB s/ d{i/gk;/ nkgD/ nkek f;nk;h b'eK d/ fsikosh tgko s/ nkgD/ efwFB ftup/pjk tkXk eo oj/ jB. ;'! fJ; bJh s;eoK d/ fJi/j/ fJBQK nc;o-:koK B{z th j[D BZE gkT[D dh ;ys b'V j?.

fJj sK ftrVh j'Jh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek dh wzdjkbh dh fJZeh-d[Zehfw;kb j?. nc;oFkjh dhnK eJh j'o froktNK ;kv/ ;kjwD/ jB,fijVhnK fe nc;oh dh gqzgokrs FkB B{z ;okc/ dh d[ekB pDk ojhnKjB. nc;oFkjh ftu fJ; ;koh froktNh gqftosh B{z Be/b gkT[D dhb'V j?. fco nc;oK B{z fJj ;wMD dh b'V j? fe T[j nkgD/nkek-nkr{nK tk;s/ BjhA, ;r'A n;b ftu b'eK tk;s/ efwfNv GkttuBpZX j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. fBo;zd/j fJj nc;o ;oeko okjhA b'eK B{zitkpd/j j'D/ ukjhd/ jB ns/ ;koh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek ;oekoh BhshnKB{z bkr{ eoB s/ yk; eoe/ ;oekoh yofunK ;pzXh nkgDh ekor[}kohbJh T[ZsodkJh j'Dh ukjhdh j?.

fJ; tk;s/ nc;oK B{z b'e fjZs ftu fJBhFhJ/fNt Gkt gfjb-edwh s/ vokJht Gkt nrtkJh s/ ;zukbB d/ o{g ftu XkoBh pD e/n}kdkBk gqFk;fBe bhvofFg d/D dh b'V j?, fi; ftu @frt J/ i"p n?Avi"p fJ} vZB# nB[;ko NoZpb-F{No s/ r'-r?No fij/ gqFk;fBe w?foN d/f;XKsK nB[;ko fe;/ th nc;o dh goy, fB:[esh s/ soZeh j'Dh ukjhdhj?. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe nc;oK dh u'D s'A b? e/ T[BQK dhnK soZehnKsZe fJ; rZb dk fynkb oZfynk ikt/ fe T[j b'e ;/tk B{z fezBh fFZdss/ F"Ae Bkb fBGkT[Ad/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ nc;oFkjh d/ ;Nhb co/w B{z foFtsy'oh d/ }zrkb ns/ckJhbK B{z bkb chs/Fkjh fij/ x[D s'A w[es eoB dh b'V j?. go j[D id'AfB:[eshnK s'A b? e/ soZehnK sZe gquZbD fJj j' u[ek j? fe ;oekoh;/tk ftu nkT[D s'A gfjbK jh nfXekohnK s/ eowukohnK Bz{ u'D ;w/A jh

411

f;ZX/-;"d/ eoe/ o[gJhJ/-g?;/ d/ gZy'A w[zB e/ o'v/-G'v/ eo fdZsk iKdk j?.fco fJj fet/A ;'funk ik ;edk j? fe T[j bZyK-eo'VK o[gJ/ d/ e/ gqkgsehsh ;/tk B{z fBo;[nkoE s/ fJwkBdkoh Bkb fBGkT[Dr/.

gzikp ftu ekB{zB-}kps/ sK gfjbK jh pE/o/ jB, go fJBQK B{z fdqVQskBkb bkr{ eoB dh p/sjkFk xkN j?. fi; ekoB gqFk;B ftu fdB'-fdBew}'oh s/ froktN nk ojh j?. pZ; jo ;oeko B{z t'No dh fbjki s/ t'Np?Ae dh w[Ekih B/ fBezwk pDk oZfynk j?. ;oeko nkgD/ t'NoK Bkb w[bkj}/dkoh N[ZND d/ vo d/ ekoB nkw b'eK B{z n;odkfJe gqFk;B s/ nB[Fk;B d/D s'A n;woE j' ojh j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;oeko B{z j[D fJe' }ps s/ }kps/dh b'V j? fe b'eK B{z r[Zv rtoB?A; fdZsh ikt/.

j[D okJhN fJ} wkJhN Gkt fi; dh bkmh T[; dh G?A; tork izrboki tos fojk j?. f;oc fJe fw;kb ti'A dZ;D dh b'V j? fe ftFtgZXo sZe nkgD/ yZp/ jZE s[oB dk o{b gqwkfDs s/ gquZfbs j?. go gzikpftu ;kv/ b'eK bJh s/ ;kvh Nq?fce g[fb; bJh yZp/ jZE s[oB s/ s'oB dkfotki jh ysw j' frnk j?. ;r'A ;Ve ftu nkgDh wo}h w[skfpe uZbDs/ bkJhB s'VB B{z n}kdh s/ u"Xo dk gqshe wzfBnk ik fojk j?. fJj jhekoB j? fe gzikp ftu ;G s'A tZX w"sK Nq?fce d/ fB:wK dh T[bzxDkeoe/ j' ojhnK jB. ;kv/ NoK;g'oN nfXekoh s/ ;kvh g[fb; fJBQKfGnkBe ;Ve jkdf;nK d/ w{e doFe pD/ j'J/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;w/A dh wzr j? fe e"wh gZXo #s/ nkgD/ nkg B{z;[XkoB bJh nB[Fk;BpZX ehsk ikt/. fJ; yk; eoe/ oki ;Zsk tkfbnKB{z y[d nkgDh j?AeV s/ u"Xo dh Bhsh ftu okJhN @npkT{N NoB# Gkt180 fvroh dk w'V eZN e/ ;kv/ gqFk;B d/ ftrV/-G{so/ jkEh #s/ nze[FbkT[D dh b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;oeko B{z nkgDh ;w[Zuh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ekd/ ;ko/ gqFk;fBe nfXekohnK B{z okj/-ok;s gkT[D bJh p[bzd-pKrefjDk gt/rk fe T[j ;ko/ fJe' tko jh ;wM b?D fe @j[D T[j wK worJh j? fe fijVh djhA Bkb N[Ze fdzdh j[zdh ;h#. j[D ;oeko Bz{ fJ;;zdoG ftu y[d jh fJe izr S/VBh gt/rh, fi; ftu ;w[Zu/ gqFk;B B{z s/ftF/F s"o #s/ g[fb; B{z j[D @;' cko n?Av B' codo# Gkt @pj[s j' u[ekj[D j'o BjhA# torh ;ys s/ ;t?-;gFN ewKv d/D dh p/jZd b'V j?.

412

gzikp ;oeko ftu e?o'AFkjh d/ t/b/ s'A nc;oFkjh s/ yk; eoe/g[fb; wfjew/ d/ tZiQe/ eoe/ fgSb/ 50 e[ ;kb s'A g[fb; Bz{ @pKj wo'V#wfjewk wzfBnk iKdk j? feT[Afe fijVk pzdk th ;oeko d/ fybkc u{z-funK eodk j?, pZ; ;wM' g[fb; B{z T[; dh pKj wo'VB dk j[ew ikohj' iKdk j?. pZ; fco ;oeko pzd/ B{z g[fb; okjhA e[ZN-b[ZN b?Adh j?. p/FZeg[fb; wfjew/ ftu fiE/ ;wki Bz{ ;[XkoB dh ;woEk th pj[s j?, goT[E/ jh fJ; ftu b''eK Bz{ szr s/ go/FkB eoB dh j?tkBh skes th w"i{dj?. fJ; tk;s/ g[fb; Bz{ ;[XkoB tk;s/ ;oeko tb'A izrBkw/ fij/n?bkBBkw/ dh ;ys }o{os j?. g[fb; eowukohnK s/ yk; s"o #s/ tZv/g[fb; nfXekohnK Bz{ j[D nkgDk b'eK gqsh otJhnk pdbD dh p/nzsb'V j?. j[D fJBQK Bz{ nkgD/ feodko s/ ekor[}koh Bz{ th ;[XkoB dk ;wKj?. j[D g[fb; tb'A EkfDnK w{jo/ fby/ @ih nkfJnK Bz{# dk wsbp pzd/ Bz{vzroK tKrz{ Ykj e/ e[NDk BjhAl ;r'A ;fGne g[S gVskb j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

fco ;zB 1984 d/ nZstkd d/ ;w/A dh e"Vh-e'Mh :kd gzikp tk;hnKd/ wBK ftu jkb/ th ;wkJh j'Jh j?. i' gzikp g[fb; B/ T[d'A uzrk ehsk,T[j th b'eK Bz{ gsk j? ns/ i' gf[b; B/ y[d jh nZstkd dk sKvtBukfJnk, T[j th b'eK Bz{ jkb/ G[fbnk BjhA j?/. nkw b'eK dh T[d'A ethe?bth d/ FpdK ftu wB'GktBk fJj ;h feL-

;ko/ w[be ftZu nwB s/ u?B j[zdktodhXkoh Bk i/ g[fb; j[zdh

fJ; tk;s/ g[fb; B{z nkgDh j[D sZe dh Bw'Fh X'D tk;s/ nkgD/ezweko d/ sohe/ s/ nkgDh ekor[}koh Bz{ Utjkb eoB dh pj[s jh}o{os j?. @;" jZE oZ;k f;o/ #s/ rzY# tkbh b'e f;nkDg nB[;ko eo'VKb'eK B{z T[BQK dh pDdh ;zftXkfBe okjs d/D dh ykso gqFk;fBe ftt;EkB{z gkN/-bhj/ s'A w'V e/ fco s'A bhj'-bhj s'oBk g?Dk j?. fJ; bJh ;ko/gqFk;B B{z b'eK dhnK ;wZf;nktK gqsh ikro{e, f}zw/tko s/ itkpd/jpDkT[D dh p/jZd b'V j?. fco fJ; s'A pknd e[dosh s"o #s/ jh ;w[ZuhgqFk;fBe ftt;Ek d/ fvbtoh f;;Nw B{z Gkt b'eK dhnK T[whdK dk ;jho{g ftu jkDh pDkT[D bJh ;[uko{ s/ n;odkfJe pDkT[D dh th nfsnzsb'V j?. fJ; soQK jh ;koh nc;oFkjh B{z b'e ;/tk fjZs j[D vzvhU-vzvh

413

gkT[D dh b'V j?, fi; ;dek ;kvhnK ;wZf;nktK d/ ;Bw[Zy ;Zu-w[Zu jh;kvh tXhnk gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek s/ ;[uko{ oki gqpzX jo w;kb/ fggbkw{btork ;kfps j' ;edk j?.

fJE/ pVh fdnkBsdkoh s/ ;zihdrh Bkb fJj th d/yD-;wMD dhb'V j? fe n;hA nkgDh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek gqDkbh ftu i' th ekBz{BpDkT[Ad/ jK T[BQK d/ fgS/ ;kvh nkgD/ ;wki s/ e"w gqsh ;/tk s/ tckdkohdh ;'Mh s/ GktBk j'Dh }o{oh j?. gfjbK sK ;oekoK dhdk-dkfBFsknfXekohnK s/ eowukohnK d/ b'eK d/ ezwk-ekoK gqsh ehs/ ik oj/ xkb/-wkfbQnK dh uFwdhd rtkj pDhnK ofjzdhnK jB. id'A gkDh f;o'A bzxe/ fJBQk ;oekoK Bz{ v'p{ eodk j? sK fJBQK dh f;nk;h skes dh y[wkohT[sodh j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kvh fJe pj[s fgnkoh b'e p'bh @dko{ghAfdnK Bz{ oks r[}o rJh ;koh# fJE/ pVh Y[edh j?.

ni ebQ u'DK tkb/ ;kbK d/ d"okB ;oekoK Bz{ BtK fijk dod ikrdkj?. b'e ;/tktK ftu Bt/A ;[Xko fbnkT[D gqsh @iKdh pjko dkw/tk# SeD bJh T[BQK ftu oks'-oks fJe BthA ikfrqsh w[ykro j' iKdhj?. ;r'A j[D sK b'e fJT[A efjzd/ jB fe fJBQK Bz{ ;/tk d/ nfXeko Bz{fpb-ekBz{B pDkT[D dh sob'-wSh u'DK eoe/ jh brh j'Jh j?. BthnKGoshnK s/ soehnK XVk-XV j' ojhnK jB.

fJ; ;oekoh oZd/-nwb fgZS/ ftek; dh rZb xZN ns/ f;nk;h wzstf;ZXh dh GktBk pj[sh j[zdh j?. fJj fJe soQK dk t'N p?Ae ftu fBt/Fjh j[zdk j?, feT[Afe i/ fiZs rJ/ sK fco gzi ;kb bJh g"An-pkoK dknkbw skoh j' iKdk j?. go fJ; d/ T[bN ne;o i' j[zdk j?, T[j fJjj? fe i/ jko rJ/ sK nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A ftu fto'Xh gkoNh dh ;oeko ykbhy}kfBnK Bkb NZeoK wkoB bJh SZv fdZsh iKdh j?. fJ; d/ fgS/f;nk;h b'eK dh i' nzsoht GktBk jz[dh j?, T[; dh soiwkBh fJe FkfJoB/ pV/ ;'jD/ FpdK ftu ehsh j?.

T[m rJh ;Gk j}{o dh w;b/ ftuko e/s[o rJ/ xoK Bz{ nkiVh pzfdnK Bz{ uko e/

f;nk;h pzfdnK ns/ Bkb jh nc;oK B{z p; j'o BjhA, fJE/ jh vZekbk fdT[ tkbk gkm ;wMkT[Dk gt/rk. fJT[A jh f;nk;h pzfdnK s/ nc;oK

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Bz{ b'e ;/tk d/ noE ;gFN FpdK ftu ezm eokT[D/ g?Dr/. fco fJ; s'AnZr/ nkgDh B"eoFkjh Bz{ T[; dh ;jh n"eks ;wMkT[Ad/ j'J/, b'e ;/tk dhwfonkdk d/ dkfJo/ ftu fbnkT[Dk gt/rk. fJ; soQK jh nc;oFkjh Bz{sB'A-wB'A wBDk gt/rk fe j[D T[j fdB bZd rJ/ fe id'A ybhb yK ckyskT[vkfJnk eod/ ;h. y?o! j[D sK i' w"i{dk ;fEsh j?, T[; nB[;ko sKf;nk;h pzfdnK B{z fJe ntZbh jh ;'Mh nkJh j? fe nc;o T[BQK dhn;kwh s/ t'No s'A g?;/ sK Gkt/A b? bt/, go T[; dk ikfJ}-BkikfJ} ezw}o{o eo bt/. fJj iBkp fijV/ ;"fdnK #u'A e'Jh yk; tZvh oew iKftF/F wkb-wZsk Bk i[V/ sK nfij/ ;w/A F?e;ghno d/ gkso FkJhb"e tkr{zcfonkdhnK d/ jZv t/uD sZe th iKd/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ j[D fJj th ;wMD dh b'V j? fe fJ; soQK dh uZb ojh;wkfie s/ gqFk;fBe p/Yzrh ukb ftu i/ e'Jh nc;o f;nk;h pzfdnK dhfbjk} wzB e/ 99 ezw eo th fdzdk j? sK 100 ezwK ftu'A ofjzdk fJe ezwT[j BjhA eo ;edk sK f;nk;h nkr{nK dh Bok}rh BZe #s/ jh gJh j[[zdhj?. f;nk;h b'e nc;o dh fe;/ wip{oh B{z j[ewnd{bh ;wMd/ jB s/ nkgD/tZeko dk ;tkb pDk b?Ad/ jB. T[j ;wMd/ jB fe w[bk}wK dk sK e'Jh dhBfJwkB iK nkgDk tZeko jh BjhA j[zdk. nyho ftu nfij/ nc;oK B{z T[jBkwod s/ fYZb{ fij/ eJh ftF/FDK Bkb fBtkiD bZr/ d' fwzN th BjhA bkT[Ad/ns/ w[Zy wzsoh sZe th fJi/j/ nc;oK dk stk bkT[D'A BjhA Nbd/.

feZ;k w[]s;o! ekdo dh e[dos d/ f;skfonK tKrz{ dcsoK ftu thfoFts b?D-d/D dh rsh fBoXkfos s/ fBFfus s"o sohe/ Bkb nkgD/jh ntZb/ fB:wK ftu pZMh j'Jh j?. p; nc;oK d/ tk;s/ eowukoh s/T[go tkfbnK bJh nc;o ;kwhnK T[x/Vd/ s/ T[xokT[Ad/ fcod/ jB. j[D;G B/ ob-fwb e/ b'Jh bkj oyh j?. fJj nfjbeko ;kfJbK t/joe/ dhX"Vh bkj[zd/ jB. fco sfj;hbK s/ EkfDnK ftu sK e'Jh wkJh dk bkbjh j'T{ fe fi; dk wKik Bk bZEdk j't/.

j[D nkw b'e efjzd/ ;[D/ iKd/ jB fe dcsoK ftu g?;/ Gkt/A bZr ikDgo ezw j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; soQK jh nZi-eZbQ nc;oK pko/ th b'eK d/ftuko pdb u[e/ jB fijVk c;o fJwkBdkoh Bkb o{bK w[skfpe ezweo/, T[; B{z e'Jh f}nkdk uzrk BjhA ;wfMnk iKdk. ;r'A nc;o Gkt/AfoFtsy'o jh j't/, go b'eK d/ rbs- wbs ezw eo d/t/ sK T[; B{z

415

tXhnk nc;o fejk iKdk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ ;kv/ b'e efjzd/ jB feL-

uzrh T[j ;oeko j? @e?bth# ihpzBQ d//t/ i' foFts d/ o/N whnK

y?o! foFts d/D d/ gZy'A ;kv/ rT{-rohp b'e fJzB/ ;hb-;kT{ j' rJ/jB fe ;kv/ vo{-vog'e s/ p[}fdb nc;o fiBQK B/ fe ed/ fuVh th BjhAwkoh j[zdh, T[j iBsk ftu nkgD/-nkg B{z efEs s"o #s/ Bo s/ db/o nc;o;dkT[Ad/ jB. fJj nc;o x[ZrhnK tor/ G'b/ pzfdnK s'A foFts b?D bZr/fSZso Bkb x[Zrh e[ZND torh db/oh fdykT[D ftu pZ; fwzN jh wkod/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ fe;/ th nkT[D tkb/ w[Zy wzsoh B{z dcsoK ftu p/brkwj'Jh foFtsy'oh B{z mZbQ gkT[D bJh w[bk}wK d/ fFezi/ e;D d/ Bkb-BkbiBsk-iBkoXB s/ yk; eoe/ nkgD/ f;nk;h pzfdnK dh j?AeV s/ foFtsd/D-fdtkT[D dh u"Xo dh th fyZu-fyukJh eoBh gt/rh fe T[j f;ckfoFpk}hns/ foFtsy'oh dh dbkbh s'A pk} nkT[D. go j[D fJ; tX u[eh u'o-e[Zsh dh fwbh G[rs Bz{ j'o th seV/ jEhA f;MDk gt/rk. fJ; soQK nkgD/f;nk;h pzfdnK Bz{ ns/ Bkb jh nc;oK B{z p; j'o BjhA, fJE/ jh vZekbk fdT[ tkbk gkm ;wMkT[Dk gt/rk.

fJj ezw p/FZe d/yD-;[DB B{z j[D dh ftrV u[eh ftt;Ek d/ wZd/B}opVk n"yk bZr/, go fJj ezw fJzBK n"yk th BjhA j?. ;r'A fJj ezw ektKo"bh gkT[Ad/ ;?AeV/ ektK ftu'A fJe eK B{z wko e/ NzrD Bkb'A edkfuZs thn"yk BjhA j?, fi; Bkb fe ;ko/ eK T[; xo dk yfjVk jh SZv iKd/ jB.fJ; ;zdoG ftu fcsoB n;hA vo{ th fJzB/ jK fe oj/ oZp dk BKnl fJ;dk gqwkD fJj j? fe n;hA id'A fes/ c; iKd/ jK sK f;gkjh s'A b? e/gNtkoh s/ eboeK sZe b/bVhnK eZYd/ fd;d/ jB.

fJ; bJh e"wh ;[Xko dh B/e F[o{nks ti'A i/ fGqFNkukohnK B{z fpBKdZ;/-g[ZS/ d' fSZso wkoB dh fotkfJs F[o{ j' ikt/ sK fBo;zd/j d{o sZeT[BQK dh pokdoh B{z fJj ]po gj[zu ikt/rh fe GkJh j[D ;G e[ZM nZSkBjhA j?. pZ; fJzB/ e[ Bkb jh ;kvk fJj tZvk wzst s/ w;bk pj[s jZd sZejZb j' ikt/rk.

fJ; tk;s/ j[D ikro{e bhvofFg s/ ikfrqs gqFk;B dh j'o th tZX

416

b'V pD rJh j? fe fJj j[D fwb e/ y[d jh gzikp d/ ftek; bJh b'VhAdhnK;ehwK B{z pDkT[D ns/ fdqVQ tuBpZXsk Bkb B/go/ uVQkT[D. fJ; tk;s/ftek; d/ gqki?eNK B{z fe;/ J/ohJ/ dh b'V w[skfpe J/ohnk fvt?bgw?AN ti'Askwho d/D dh b'V j?. fJ; soQK jh gZSVhnK F/qDhnK B{z efwT{fBNhfvt?bgw?AN ti'A BthnK ;ehwK d/D dh b'V j?. fgSb/ eJh djkfenK s'Agzikp dhnK ftek; ;ehwK s/ gqki?eNK dk nXko J/ohnk fvt?bgw?AN iKefwT{fBNh fvt?bgw?AN d/ gZy'A BjhA j' fojk, ;r'A f;nk;h fXoK s/ XfVnKd/ nXko #s/ j' fojk j?. fco f;Zsw dh rZb fJj th j? fe fgzvK d/ fgzvs/ Bro ns/ fJE'A sZe fe fJe jh fgzv s/ Bro d/ rbh-w[jZb/ f;nk;h feVQKeZYD dh wkVh gqftosh eoe/ ftek; s'A ftot/ j' oj/ jB.

nZi gzikp B{z i/ fe;/ uh} dh ;G s'A tZvh u[D"sh j? sK T[[j fJjj? fe gzikp dk fJfsjk; ;kvh nDrfjbh eoe/ g[Bo;[oihs j''D dh EKfwfEjk; pD fojk j? ns/ ;kvk ;fGnkuko gZSwh sfj}hp d/ e'M/ n;od/ ekoB y'o/ dk fFeko j' fojk j?. j[D j'o ;G ek;/ s'A tZX gzikp d/FkBkwZs/ ;fGnkuko dhnK B?fse edoK-ehwsK, ;po-;zs'y, fwjBs s/f;oVQ ns/ fco wwsk s/ nkg;h fgnko fijhnK f;wsK s/ f;csK gzikphGkJhuko/ ftu wBch j' ojhnK jB. fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkBs/ ;kv/ B/e g[ofynK d/ ihtB cb;c/ ns/ ;kv/ FjhdK s/ e"wh ;g{sK dhe[opkBhnK Go/ cb;c/ B{z gfjbK nkgD/ feodko s/ nkgDh ihtB-F?bhftZu YkbD dh b'V j? s/ fco nkDhnK nkT[D tkbhnK B"itkB ghVPhnK B{zfJBPK s'A ikD{ eotkT[D dh p/nzs b'V j?. fco T[; s'A fes/ tZX ;kv/fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko B[z d[BhnK ftZu T[ikro eoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; tk;s/ r[Zv rtoB?Z; d/ ;zdoG ftu fJe j'o th nfjw rZb fJjj? fe gzikp ftu ;fGnkukfoe gZy s'A sK e'Jh th ;oeko s/ yk; eoe/n?Z;HihHghH;hH fgSb/ 50 e[ ;kb s'A e'Jh th ;fGnkukfoe gkfb;h jhBjhA pDk ;eh. id'A fe gzikp dk uZgk-uZgk FjhdK d/ bj{ dh ;[oy b'ns/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK dhnK e[opkBhnK Bkb ;oFko j? ns/ gzikph ;fGnkukos/ ihtB-F?bh dh p[fBnkd wfonkdk s/ tXhnk gqzgoktK #s/ nXkfos j?.fJ; tk;s/ fJ; nfjw gqzs{ g{oB s"o #s/ nDr"b/ y/so ftu j'o pj[s e[ZMeoB dh b'V j?.

fJe j'o nfjw B[esk gzikp dh y[o ojh itkBh ;pzXh j? fe nZi

417

;oekoK tb'A nDrfjbh s/ ;wki tb'A nDr"b/gD dk fFeko j' e/ ;kvhwkDwZsh itkBh p/o[}rkoh s/ BfFnK dh pbh uVQ ojh j?. ;kv/ fijV/ftfdnkoEhnK ftu jkb/ th f;Zde-f;oVQ s/ frnkB-ftfrnkB dh eDhpkeh j?, T[j pkjob/ w[beK B{z tjhoK xZs oj/ jB. gzikp d/ fJ;p/FZehwsh ;owkJ/ s/ ;kv/ GftZy d/ tko;K B{z nkgDh p[Zeb ftu oZyDbJh T[BQK tk;s/ o[}rko d/ w"e/ w[jZJhnk eotkJhJ/ sK fe T[j o'Nh, eZgV/s/ wekB torhnK nkgD/ ihtB dhnK p[fBnkdh }o{osK y[d g{ohnK eoe/;wki d/ tXhnk Bkrfoe pD ;eD. fJ; ;G ek;/ tk;s/ ;G s'A tZX b'VfJ; rZb dh j? fe ;kv/ d/F dh fJZvh tZvh fdwkrh Fesh B{z mZbQ gkT[Ds/ T[BQK dh dFk ;[XkoB bJh j[D B"itkBK Bz{ d'F d/D dh pikJ/ T[BQK B{zBthA ;/X s/ Bt/A fdFk-fBod/F fdZs/ ikD.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kvhnK ;oekoK, Xkofwe s/ f;Zfynk ;z;EktK dkfJj gfjb co} pDdk j? fe T[j ;kv/ Xow, ;fGnkuko s/ B?fse edoKehwsK dh okyh eoB. fJj ;kvh ni'eh ghVQh dk jh ezw j? fe n;hAnkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK d/ fto;/-ftok;s Bz{ ;KG-;zGkb e/ nkgDhnKnrbhnK ghVQhnK sZe gj[zukJhJ/. fJj ;kv/ ;wki s/ ;kvhnK ;oekoKtb'A e"w tk;s/ ;G s'A nfjw s/ wjZstg{oB :'rdkB j't/rk.

fJ; gqEkfJ efbnkDekoh oki d/ ;zdoG ftu fJe j'o th nfjwrZb fJj j? fe ;kvk FkBkwZsk fJfsjk;, ;fGnkuko s/ ;kvh wK p'bhgzikph dh d[odFk j' ojh j?. nZi d[BhnK ;kv/ pko/ ikDB bJh sbprkoj?, go n;hA ;G e[ZM j[zd/-;[zd/ th ;fGnkukfoe gZy'A fpBK wsbp jh:shw fij/ pD/ j'J/ jK. ;kvk edoK-ehwsK Gfonk ;fGnkuko s/ yk;eoe/ gzikph GkFk o[VQdh-g[VQdh ik ojh j? ns/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;w/A-;w/A dhnK ;oekoK bzwhnK skD e/ ;[ZshnK gJhnK jB.

r"osbp j? fe nZi gzikp dk ;fGnkuko fi; d/ f;o #s/ gzikphnKB/ d/F-d/FKsoK ftu Mzv/ p[bzd ehs/ ;B, T[j ;dkuko s/ ;fGnkuko fd;jh BjhA fojk. nc;'; dh rZb j? fe gzikp ;oeko dh nkgD/ nwhofto;/-ftok;s B{z ;zGkbD tk;s/ e'Jh uZi-Yzr dh Bhsh, ;z;Ek iK e'Jh;fGnkukfoe ndkok BjhA j?. ;" jZE oZ;k s/ f;o/ #s/ rzY torh rZb fJjj? fe gzikp ;oeko s/ fJ; dh ;w[Zuh gqFk;fBe ftt;Ek B{z j[D nkgD/

418

nkg B{z ;'X e/ fJZe tuBpZX, fB:wpZX s/ ;wKpZX sohe/ Bkb tXhnkoki gqpzX d/D d/ wjZst Bz{ ;wMD dh io{os j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk w[Zedhrb fJj j? fe nkgD/ d/F d/ noEuko/ ftu gfjb/ Bzpo s'A fEVe e/j/mK tZb Bz{ ;skot/A Bzpo #s/ gj[zu/ ;'jD/ gzikp B{z w[V s'A Gkos dknzBdksk, pbG[ik s/ d[FwDK tk;s/ yVrG[ik pDkT[D ns/ gzikphnK d/nkgD/ r[nkud/ ik oj/ irs gqf;ZX wkD-;t?wkD B{z pjkb eoB dh p/jZdb'V j?. oZp ]?o eo/.

419

2 4

;" ;[nkbK dk fJe i[nkpgzikp ftu u'DK s'A gfjbK nkw uouk ;h fe ;kpek w[Zy wzsoh

;kfjpkB B/ gzikp Go d/ fgzvK d/ ;ogzuK s/ gzukfJsK s'A fBZih s"o #s/g[ZSDk F[o{ ehsk ;h fe T[BQK B{z fgzvK d/ ftek; bJh j'o fejVhnK ;j{bsKdh b'V j? s/ ftek; dhnK ;ehwK dk tZX s'A tZX bkG b'eK sZe fet/Agj[zukfJnk ik ;edk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu fiE'A sZe e?gNB nwfozdof;zx dk ;tkb j? T[BQK B/ ;kohnK gzukfJsK s'A fJj g[ZSfrZS fuZmhnK fbye/ ehsh ;h. fJ; s'A T[BQK dh gzikp d/ b'eK dhnK ;wZf;nktK gqsh;zt/dBk dh okiBhsh s/ oDBhsh dh Mbe fwbdh j?.

d{i/ gk;/ gzikp d/ wZ[y wzsoh gqekF f;zx pkdb B/ b'eK B{z y[d fwbe/ gzikp d/ b'eK gqsh B/Vsk s/ ;[fjodsk fdykT[D fjZs xo-xo ik e/b'eK dhnK ;wZf;nktK ;[DhnK s/ o[Zf;nK B{z wBkT[D dk tZvk ezw ehsk.w/oh fBZih wkBsk j? fe i' tZv/ nj[fdnK B{z gj[zud/ jB s/ yk; s"o #s/ w[Zywzsoh pDd/ jB, T[BQK #s/ nekb g[oy dh ngko feogk j[zdh j? s/ T[BQKdh Fy;hns dk fJe d{i/ Bkb'A pZ; T[Bh-fJZeh dk coe jh j[zdk j?. jKi/ e'Jh tZvk coe j[zdk j? sK T[j T[BQK dh gzikp s/ gzikphns pko/wkBf;e fdnkBsdkoh ftu jh j?.

fiE'A sZe ;qH gqekF f;zx pkdb dh bzwh f;nk;h gkoh d/ ekoB T[BQKdh tZv-nekoh Fy;hns dk ;pzX j?, T[j ;w[Zu/ gzikph ;wki d/nbzpodko jB s/ fJ; ftu T[BQK dk e'Jh ;kBh BjhA j?. go d{i/ gk;/ joe'Jh ikDdk j? fe ;kpek w[Zy wzsoh e?gNB nwfozdo f;zx ftu iBwiksFkjh ;z;ekoK d/ ;dek fJe' jh ;w/A d;s{o s/ eohB/ d/ w[iZ;w, p[ZXhihth,nkowh nc;o s/ ;G s'A tZX fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko d/ frnksks/ w[dZJh j'D tor/ ;ko/ r[D jB. fco T[j gzikp s/ gzikphns B{z fgnkoeoB ns/ gzikp d/ fjZsK dh okyh eoB tk;s/ nkgDh jkJhewKv sZe thfpBK dZf;nK-g[ZfSnK nkYk bk b?Ad/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ gzikp d/ b'e fJBQK d'BK jh wjkB[GktK B{z gzikp dhf;nk;s d/ wjkoEh ;wMd/ jB ns/ gzikphnK dhnK ;wZf;nktK ikBD d/gZy'A nzso:kwh wzBd/ jB. fJ; bJh nkw b'e fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj ;'u

420

oj/ jB fe f;nk;s d/ nyhob/ g"V/ #s/ gj[zu/ fJBQK nj[d/dkoK ns/ gzikphihtB s/ ;fGnkuko d/ nbzpodko ;kpek w[Zy wzsohnK B{z j[D b'eK s'Ag[ZSD dh eh }o{os j? s/ fco j[D fJBQK B{z fJj b'V feT[A g? rJh j?<b'eK dk wzBDk j? fe gzikp d/ ftek; s/ gzikp B{z dog/F ;wZf;nktK;pzXh sK T[j y[d jh ikDh-ikD jB s/ T[j fJj th ikDd/ jB fe fJBQKdk ;zGkfts jZb eh j' ;edk j?. ;r'A fJ; ;zdoG ftu sK b'eK dk efjDkj? fe f;nk;sdkBK s/ T[BQK dhnK f;nk;h gkoNhnK B{z j[D iBsk e'b'Ag[ZSD dh pikJ/ ;r'A gzikphnK B{z dZ;Dk pDdk j? fe gzikp d/ ntkw B{z;{p/ tk;s/ eh eoBk ukjhdk j?.

p/FZe gzikp d/ nkw b'e fJj th ;wM oj/ jB fe gzikp d/ fJ; n"y/;w/A d/ eFweF Go/ d"o ftu N/Y/ w'VK #s/ fJBQK f;nk;h wod/-w[ikfjdKB{z gzikp d/ b'eK dh j[D :'r nrtkJh eoB dh b'V j?. gzikp d/ ftek;d/ w[Zd/ #s/ j[D id'A u'DK fiZshnK rJhnK jB sK gzikp d/ ftek; s/ b'eKB{z tXhnk Fk;B gqFk;B d/Dk ;oeko dk co} ntZb pD u[ek j? ns/ yk;eoe/ fJ; tk;s/ gzikp, gzikph s/ gzikphns dh y[Fjkbh s/ soZeh d/;zdoG ftu gzikp d/ ;otgZyh ftek; dh rZb ;G s'A gfjbK nkT[Adh j?.

fJE/ ;kv/ gzikp d/ ;w[Zu/ ntkw B{z th nkgD/ ;'jD/ gzikp d/ ni'e/jkbksK pko/ ikro{e j'D s/ ;zihdrh Bkb ;wMD s/ ekoiFhb j'D dhb'V j? fe j[D f;oc ;oeko B{z jh BjhA, ;r'A ;kB{z ;G B{z th e"wh gZXo#s/ gzikp d/ ftek; ftu :'rdkB gkT[D dh pj[s b'V j?. nZi fJj ;w/A dh wzr pD u[eh j? fe gzikp d/ uo-wok oj/ ;wkfie, nkofEe s/;fGnkukfoe YKu/ B{z jo gzikph tb'A :Ek-Fesh m[zwDk fdZsk ikt/. p/FZen;hA nkgDh ;oeko B{z y[Zb e/ g[ZShJ/ fe T[j gzikp d/ ;otgZyh ftek;tk;s/ b'e GbkJh s/ b'e ;/tk d/ ;zebg s/ ;ehwK fe; soQK gqtkBuVQkJ/rh. go ;oekoK B{z g[ZSD s'A gfjbK ;kB{z nkgD/ nkg B{z jh nkgkuhBD s/ g[ZSD dh b'V j? fe n;hA y[d fezB/ e[ gzikp fjs?Fh jK ns/ n;hAnkg gzikp dh y[Fjkbh tk;s/ eh :sB-gq:sB eo oj/ jK<

fJ; gqEkfJ nwohek d/ ;z;ko gqf;ZX okFNogsh i"jB n?Zc e?B/vh d/nkgD/ d/F gqsh ej/ Fpd ;kvh nfijh GktBk dh gq'VQsk eod/ jB,@@fJjg[ZSD s'A gfjbK fe d/F s[jkv/ tk;s/ eh eo ;edk j?l s[;hA gfjb'A nkgD/

421

nkg B{z g[ZS' fe s[;hA d/F tk;s/ eh eo ;ed/ j'##< fJ; uZb oj/ ;zdoGftu eJh nfjw gZyK s/ w[ZfdnK ;pzXh nrb/ gq;zrK ftu ;ze/fsefusktBh wkso w/oh fJj dZ;D dh e'fFF j? fe gzikp d/ w"i{dk jkbkseh jB s/ n;hA j[D sZe eh bbQo bkJ/ jB.

p/FZe w?A goQ/-gzukfJs dk ;ogzu sK ed/ BjhA fojk, go gqFk;B d/;ogzuK-yVgzuK ti'A 35 e[ ;kb nkgDhnK ;oekoK s/ nkgD/ b'eK ftuftufonk jK. w?A fJ; fJspko Bkb nkgD/ wkD:'r nkr{nK B{z efjDk jhBjhA, ;r'A g[ZSDk ukjKrk fe eh T[BQK B{z gsk BjhA fe gzikp d/ ftek;bJh s[fonk jkEh d/ ezB tork yVQedk-N[Dedk o[gJhnk id'A Xosh wKd/ g[ZsK dh M'bh ftu g?Adk j? sK fJ; dh Feb d[nkBh-u[[nkBh torh j'iKdh j?. i/ fJj frnkB ;kB{z ;G B{z j? sK fJj j' jh BjhA ;edk fe ;kv/okiBhfse bhvoK s/ f;nk;h pzfdnK B{z fJ; dk gsk Bk j't/ fe b'eGbkJh tk;s/ fwb/ fJ; o[gJ/-fSZbV dh okj ftu feZE/-feZE/ fezBh fSZbbfjzdh j?. fJj ftukok nZXk e[ sK fJj ftek; d/ Bkw #s/ fwb/ g?;/ d/eo} dk ftnki pD e/ jh eZfNnk-tZfYnk iKdk j?. pkeh u[nkBh e[ sKfe;/ fgzv B{z rqKN fdtkT[D tkb/ f;nk;h nj[d/dko fJ; ftu'A nkgD/ fjZ;/dh nrkT{A eN"sh ti'A rohp dh }'o{ ;G dh Gkph ;wMe/ jh b? iKd/ jB.

fco f;Zsw fJj j? fe ;ogzuK s'A b? e/ ftek; ftGkr d/ nfXekohs/ b'eb gZXo d/ f;nk;h pzd/ th ;ehwK d/ g?;/ fgzvK s/ FfjoK ftugj[zuD s'A gfjbK jh @s/oh fwb/ iK Bk fwb/, go w/o/ fjZ;/ dk ED gfjbKu'n d/j# efj e/ gfjbK jh nkgD/ pDd/ fjZ;/ d/ o{g ftu t;{b b?Ad/ jB.fco bkGgksoh gzukfJs iK e'Jh j'o fjZsekoh ;z;Ek iK ebZp tkb/ thftek; ekoiK dhnK fJZNK-;hfwzN fJT[A u/gd/ jB fe GkJh bkrhnK B/ sKbkr b?Dk j?, Gkt/A iKdh jh ozvh j' ikJ/.

;' ;oekoK d/ @;zrs doFBK# ns/ @nkg dh ;oeko nkg ih d/d[nko# d/ ;ko/ eko/-tosko/ tk;s/ gzikp fjs?Fh egskB ;kfjp iKf;nk;s d/ fgskwk pkdb ;kfjp nkg jh ikDh ikD jB. fco b'eK s'Ag[ZSD dh b'V ;pzXh g[ZSfrZS nkw pzd/ d/ ykB/ BjhA g? ojh. FkfJd fJjfJe d{i/ d/ t'N p?Ae B{z GowkT[D s/ iskT[D bJh ;h fe b'e FjhdhfJFBkB s'A gfjbK nkg jh @p'b s/o/ ;kE fenk ;b{e ehnk ikJ/# fij/

422

gqFB ;pzXh nkgDh nkFk-wBFk dZ;D.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikphnK pko/ fJj th wFj{o j? fe fJBQK B{z r[o{feogk ;dek wzrDk jh BjhA nkT[Adk. ;kv/ b'e gfjb'A sK wzrDk jh BjhAikDd/ feT[Afe ;kvh iBwiks ;fGnkukfoe XkoBk @wzrD frnk ;' wofrnk wzrD w{b Bk ikj# jh ojh j?. fco id'A s'A ;jkfJsk s/ wkfJewdd d/ Bkw #s/ ;oekoK B/ fJBQK B{z ;pf;vhnK s/ eo}/ wzrD dh ukNbkJh j? ns/ f;nk;h gZy g{oB ti'A eo}/ Bk w'VB dh @uZb d/yh ikT{#fijh gqEk ubkJh j?l T[d'A s'A jh yk; eoe/ @nzBdksk feo;kD# jZE nZve/ d/Djko/ dkBh s'A b?Djkok wzrsk pD frnk j?.

fco fJ; soQK id'A feo;kD B{z ;kb'-;kb eo}k b?D s/ Bk w'VB dhnkds pDh s/ Bkb jh y/sh T[sgkdB dk youk tXD d/ ekoB feo;kDT[go eo}/ fJzB/ tZX rJ/ fe fJ; dk nkgD/ nkg s'A ns/ nkgDh y/sh dhT[Zsw ewkJh s'A ftFtk; jh T[m frnk j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe j[D sKeo}/ d/ EZb/ nkJ/ feo;kD tor bJh sK fBZs Bt/A fdB nZvhnK u[e e/ckjk b?D dh B"ps ibtk nco'} j' ojh j?. go fco th feo;kDeof}nK s/ ;pf;vhnK d/ fJzB/ nkdh j' rJ/ jB fe fJBQK dh XkoDk jhpD rJh j? fe i/ fes/ ;oeko'A s/b fwb fojk j't/, go e'b GkvK Bk j't/sK s/b i[Zsh ftu jh g[nk b?Dk ukjhdk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp d/ ;otgZyh ftek; d/ gZy'A ;qH gqskg f;zx e?o'Adk Bkw Bkwh-rqkwh w[Zy wzsohnK ftu nkT[Adk j?. T[BQK dk efjDk ;h fe ;Gs'A tZX b'e T[BQK e'b'A n;b/ d/ bkJh;?A; s/ Bt/A EkD/ pDkT[D dh wzr oZyd/ ;B.fco pfmzv/ tkfbnK B/ sK fJe tko bhj jh g[rk fdZsh. id'A fe e?o'A ;kfjpsK T[BQK B{z ;e{b y'bQD dk wFtok d/ oj/ ;B, go pfmzv/ tkb/ pkJh T[BQK s'Ai/b pDkT[D dh wzr eo oj/ ;B. y?o j[D sZe th b'eK dhnK wzrK pzd{e-fg;s"bK d/ bkJh;?A;K, B"eoh wzrD s/ e'oN eufjohnK ftu f;ckfoFKbtkT[D d/ fBZih w;fbnK s'A T[go BjhA T[mhnK.

j[D th @;zrs doFB# s/ @s[jkvh ;oeko s[jkv/ d[nko# fij/ ;wkrwKftu n;hA d/yd/ jK fe b'e EkD/ s/ sfj;hbK ftu nkgD/ fBZih ezwK d/ no}hgofunK s/ iK c/o n;b/ s/ tZX s'A tZX B"eohnK dh wzr eod/ s[o/ fcod/ jB.fJ; soQK n;b/ d/ bkJh;?A; gNtkoh, EkD/dko sZe f;ckfoF s/ tZX s'A tZX

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nkgD/ Xh-g[Zs B{z Bzpodkoh, u"ehdkoh iK wkVh-w'Nh ;oekoh B"eoh ftunVekT[D s'A nZr/ fJBQK B{z wzrD dh jkb/ th iku BjhA nkJh.

fJj xZN-tZX jh t/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe fgzvK d/ b'eK B/ nkgD/ s/nkgD/ pZfunK tk;s/ f;Zfynk, f;js iK ;fGnkuko d/ nfs b'VhAd/w[ZfdnK ;pzXh e[ZM wzfrnk j't/. fco ;dkuko s/ ;fGnkukfoe fto;/-ftok;s dh rZb sK j[D ;oekoK ns/ ;kv/ nkr{nK B{z j[D fuZs-u/s/ thBjhA j?. fco ;kv/ b'eK dh sK n"eks s/ wikb jh BjhA ofj rJh fe T[jnkgD/ ofjpoK s'A ed/ nkgD/ ;t?wkD s/ ftbZyD gSkD dh pjkbh dh ed/e'Jh wzr eo ;eD.

fJ; tk;s/ id'A fe ;oekoK B/ fuoK s'A y[d jh gzikp d/ b'eK B{zgkoNh;hg/fNt w?B/iw?AN Gkt y[ZbQ e/ nkgDh okfJ d/D s/ oki gqDkbh d/pokpo d/ fjZ;/dko j'D d/ f;XKs s'A fEVek e/ nkgDh skBkFkjh gqDkbhdh s{sh tikT[Dh F[o{ ehsh j? sK fJ; ;{os ftu j[D ;oekoK B{z nkg jhgzikp s/ gzikphns B{z dog/F u[D"shnK s/ w[Zd/-w;fbnK dh y/soh gZXos'A b? e/ okFNoh s/ e"wKsoh gZXo sZe fBFkBd/jh eoBh gt/rh. gzikpB{z j[D fJzBhnK u[D"shnK dog/F jB ns/ fJj ;wki d/ ;ko/ torK B{z fJjfe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu gq/FkB eo ojhnK jB.

fJj ;wZf;nktK jo tor B{z T[BQK d/ nkg'-nkgD/ B}ohJ/ s'A fGzB-fGzB o{gK ftu fdqFNhr'uo j' ojhnK jB. B"itkBK B{z p/o[}rkoh ;skojh j?. feo;kDK s/ tkjhtkBK bJh nkofEe gVs/ s'A pkjo j' u[ehfeo;kDh ikB dk y"n pD u[eh j?. f;Zfynk, f;js s/ nkw ihtB dhnK;j{bsK dh xkN ns/ tXdh wfjzrkJh s/ G[Zy Bzr rohp tor s'A b? e/ wZXtosh gfotkoK B{z MNek e/ roZ; ojh j?. e[b fwbk e/ ;w[Zu/ ;wki B{zfGqFNkuko dk v/Ar{ p[yko ufVQnk j'fJnk, go fit/A efjzd/ jB fe @j'oKB{z j'oh dh, nzBQ/ B{z vzr'oh dh# fuzsk tKr{z ;kB{z f;nk;s d/ fceo s'A fpBKj'o e[ZM BjhA ;[M fojk.

;kvh ;wZf;nktK Gog{o f}zdrh ftu fJj ;fEsh e[ZM fJ; soQK fij/brdh j? fe fit/A nzfBQnK d/ v/o/ ftu fes/ jkEh nk frnk. T[j ;ko/ fwbe/ ;wMD dh e'fFF eoB bZr/ fe fJj eh F?n j?. y?o fijV/ d' nzBQ/ ;[zvs/ g{S tkb/ gk;/ ;B, T[BQK bJh jkEh fJe bzw'soh fijh uh} ;h. fijVk

424

nzBQk bZsK d/ e'b yVQk ;h, T[; bJh fJj Ezwh ;wkB ;h s/ fijVk fYZvd/ e'b yVQk ;h, T[; bJh fJj r'b-wN'b nzB gkT[D tkbk GV"bk jh ;h.pZ; jo fJe pzd/ B{z ;wki ftu dog/F ;wZf;nk T[; d/ nkgD/ jhB[es/-B}o nB[;ko ikgdh j?, fi; ekoB ;wki dk jo pFo f;nk;hpzfdnK s'A b? e/ v/o/ d/ ;zsK s/ gzfvsK-gKfXnK s'A nkgDhnK ;wZf;nktKdk jZb g[ZSdk fco fojk j?.

fJ; ;fEsh ftu fJj rZb fJT[A fij/ th bZrdh j? fe fit/A f;XfonKd/ fe;/ fgzv ftu'A dh jkEh bzx frnk. ;ko/ f;Xo/ fJeZm/ j' e/ @nZeK ftunfozv gqXkB# tor/ fgzv d/ f;nkD/ p{M-p[MeV e'b g[ZSDk b?D bJhgj[zu rJ/. f;nkD/ B/ d/fynk fe fJBQK B{z fe;/ B{z th e'Jh frnkB BjhA sKT[; B/ pVk j[Zp e/ dZf;nk fe @@p{M/ s' p{M p[MeV n"o Bk p{M/ e'J/, g?o w/A uZeh pKX e/ :/ s' fworkB jh e{dk j'J/## Gkt jkEh d/ g?o d/y e/ T[; B/b'eK B{z dZf;nk fe fJj sK e'Jh fwor g?o Bkb uZeh pzBQ e/ bzx frnk j?.

pZ; fJ; soQK jh jo e'Jh gzikp dhnK ;wZf;nktK s/ T[BQK B{z jZb eoBdk jopk-fj;kp nkgD/-nkgD/ r?Z; toe Gkt nzdk}/-fenkfcnK w[skfpejh dZ; fojk j?. ;' n}kdh s'A pknd j[D sZe jo ;oeko s/ jo ndkok fjZNn?Av NqkfJb gkfb;h Gkt jtk ftu N'b/ wko e/ ;w/A B{z XZek d/ fojk j?. fJE/pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ;wMD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe nzro/} B/ gqFk;B ftueboe s'A dcso d/ w[yh sZe doik-p-doik f;;Nw B{z @;?ZN J/ Ehc N{ e?uJ/ Ehc# Gkt fJe u'o #s/ d{i/ u'o dh B}o;kBh d/ B[esk fBrkj s'A pDkfJnk;h. go n}kdh s'A pknd id'A ;kvk ;t?-Fk;B dk ;[gBk g{ok j'fJnk sK T[d'As'A jh n;hA nzro/}K d/ tes s'A uZb oj/ fJ; doik-p-doik f;;Nw ftunkgD/ jh s"o sohfenK Bkb GkJhtkbh s/ b[ZN wko ftu fGnkbh dh gqzgokpDk bJh j?.

j'o th j?okBh dh rZb j? fe nzro/}K B/ fJzrb?Av ftu nkgDh iBskB{z gqpzXeh ;j{bsK d/D bJh nkgD/ ;ko/ gqpzXeh f;;Nw B{z f;zrb ftzv'Gkt fe;/ th fJe ;j{bs bJh fJe' pkoh tkbk pzd'p;s fdZsk. go n;hAfJe ;j{bs d/D bJh 4-5 pkohnK tkbk fJzs}kw bkr{ eoe/iBsk B{z rXh-r/V gkT[D s/ nkgDh feos ewkJh d/ ;kXB tXkT[D dk i[rkVehsk j?.

425

fJ; soQK dcsoh pkp{nK dh fjZ;kgZsh d/ i[rkV B/ sK nzro/} dhf;nkDg dh th wzih m'e fdZsh j?. w[Zedh rZb! ;kvk @pkp{ okw-oki#ftd/Fh-;td/Fh Gkt jo soQK d/ gqFk;eh s/ gqpzXeh ckow{fbnK dh u{bQm'eD ns/ pkp{vzw ;Ekfgs eoB ftu g{oB s"o #s/ ;cb j'fJnk j?.;'! j[D ;kvhnK c"bkdh YKu/ tkbhnK efjzdhnK-ejkT[AdhnK gqFk;fBe;/tktK nkgDh Y[Zuopk}h dh pd"bs ekm d/ T[b{ pD u[ehnK jB.

fJBQK b'e ;/tktK tb'A fGqFNkuko iK BFJh-BF/Vh ;wki Bkb izrftYD dh rZb sK fJe gk;/ ojh fJj ;oekoh c"iK sK nkgDh ;t?-ofynk bJh sbtko u[ZeD d/ ekfpb th BjhA ojhnK. fJBQK dh j[D;fEsh ;zB 1857 d/ ;w/A d/ uzr/}h s/ s?w{oh y{B d/ nkyoh w[rb tkfo;Ktorh j' rJh j? fe fiBQK Bz{ sbtko u[eD s/ w"i/-i[shnK gkT[D bJh thu'pdkoK dh }o{os g? rJh ;h. fJ; s'A fJbktk ni'eh B"eoFkjh B{zw[rbhnk r[bkwh d/ ;w/A dh fJe y[Fkwd s/ ukgb{;h dh otkfJs@e'ofBF# Gkt coFh ;bkw jkb/ th BjhA G[bh.

j[D j'o sK j'o ;oekoK dk nkpekoh ftGkr tb'A ewkJ/ ;owkJ/ s'Apr?o ubDk w[jkb j' frnk j?. fJe gk;/ ;oekoK tb'A BFk o'e{ w[fjzwKubk ojhnK jB s/ d{i/ gk;/ gzukfJsh oki n?eN dh Xkok 40-J/ s/40-ph d/ nXhB e[ZM e[ gzukfJsK tb'A nkgD/ fgzvK ftu Fokp d/ m/e/ pzdeotkT[D d/ wfsnK B{z nZy-go'y'A ehsk ik fojk j?. fco iBob u'DK dhrZb sK fJe gk;/ ojh ;r'A j[D sK r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh dhnK u'DKftu th foUVhnK tKr{z BF/ tzvD dk e'Mk gqubD ;kv/ ;wki #s/ jkth j'frnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;G s'A gfjbK BF/-gZs/ d/ s/} tfjzd/ tfjDK Bz{ mZbQgkT[Dh bk}wh j' rJh j?.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh BfFnK d/ s;eoK B{z BZE gkT[D dh b'V j[D ;w/A dhwzr pD u[eh j?. go BfFnK fto[ZX i/jkd ftZYD dh EK f;ocfuZmh-gZsoh fijh ekotkJh jh uZb ojh j?. fJj ;ko/ ezw-eki e'Jh j'o;wK r[nkJ/ fpBK j[D jh F[o{ eoB dh b'V j? feT[Afe nZi BF/-gZs/ gzikpftu dktkBb Gkt izrb dh nZr tKrz{ c?b u[e/ jB. ;kv/ ;wki ftuFokp dk S/tK g[b-f;oksh Gkt Boe dk dfonk mkmK wko fojk j?, fi;B/ fe gzikp dh nZXh s'A tZX itkBh yk bJh j?. fJ; tk;s/ i/ gzikp ftu

426

BfFnK B{z mZbQ Bk gkJh rJh sK ;kvhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK s/ T[BQKd/ ;zGkth GftZy dh rZb eoBh th p/te{ch jh ikg/rh.

fJE/ w?Bz{ cohde'N fty/ wJh 1974 ftu w/oh gfjbh fB:[esh dh:kd nk rJh j?. T[d'A wkB;{B dh gfjbh po;ks B/ jh vvK p[bk fdZshnK;B. w/o/ dcso ftu gkDh u'n-u'n e/ xokbK tZr rJhnK ;B. w?A fJe-d' tko nkgD/ ohvo Bz{ SZs s/ fwZNh gtkT[D bJh fejk sK T[; dk s[os-c[os itkp j[zdk ;h fe jK iBkpl ph n?Av nko wfjew/ Bz{ fuZmh gk fdZshj?. fJe d' tko fJj itkp ;[DB s'A pknd w?Bz{ nkgD/ ohvo ;kfjp Bz{fJj rZb ;wMkT[D dh b'V g? rJh fe ;odko ih, fe fJE/ u'Adh SZs T[s/fuZmhnK gkT[D dh e'Jh b'V BjhAl ;r'A fwZNh gkT[D dh b'V j?.

y?o! ;oeko ftu j[D sK ;ohAd jh fiE/ fuZmh gkT[Dh j[zdh j?, T[E/gZso-ftjko s/ fwZNh gkJh ik ojh j? ns/ fiE/ fwZNh gkT[Dh j[zdh j? T[E/fuZmhnK dhnK vkoK dhnK vkoK gk e/ dcsoh vke fbikD tkb/ fgnkfdnKs/ vke ftGkr dhnK th r'vDhnK btkJhnK j[zdhnK jB. fJ; soQK jhfe;/ th nfXekoh s/ eowukohnK dh w/}K T[go fJBhnK e[ ckJhbKgJhnK j[zdhnK jB fe ckJhbK fgS/ p?m/ eowukoh fd;d/ jh BjhA. fconc;oK e'b w[Zy wzsoh s/ wzsohnK d/ d"fonK d/ ;pzX ftu Mzv/-vzv/bkT[D s'A pknd fJzBK ;wK jh BjhA pudk fe T[j jcs/-d; fdB s'AgfjbK e'Jh nkT[D tkbh iK ikD tkbh fuZmh d/ dhdko/ th eo ;eD.fJ; soQK j[D chbv dhnK g';NK s/ gpfbe ;hNK th @ckJhb oki s/g/go toe# ftu jh spdhb j' rJhnK jB.

p/FZe j[D fJj th ;wMD dh p/jZd b'V j? fe iBsk dk nZi fwik}ftrV fojk j? s/ T[;dk o{g j[D nkeowDekoh j[zdk ik fojk j?/. fJjgZeh rZb j? fe id'A b'e u/sBk fJe b'e bfjo dk o{g Xkodh j? sK T[d'Arbs BhshnK d/ XkoBhnK B{z ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe pZeo/ dh wK ed'AsZe ;[ZyK wBkJ/rh. fJ; ;pzX ftu fe;/ FkfJo B/ fbfynk j? fe

FkjhA eh ndk j'sh j? p[bp[b w/A Bw{dkofe; doik pdb iks/ j? w[orkB/-;joy/}

fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe id'A ftrV ojhnK ;fEshnK Bz{ ;w/A f;o ekp{Bk ehsk ikt/ sK p[bp[bK th pk}K dh fposh nyfsnko eo b?d/A jB.

427

nZi ;G s'A gfjbK gzikp d/ b'eK dh fpjsoh tk;s/ p/FZe y/soh,e"wh s/ e"wKsoh w[ZfdnK B{z ;wMD ns/ jZb eoB dh b'V j?. fBo;zd/jn;hA ikDd/ jK fe p/FZe gzikphnK dh gSkD dk w;bk gzikp s'A b? e/d/F ns/ T[; s'A nZr/ nzsookFNoh gZXo #s/ nfs rzGho w;bk pD u[ekj? s/ fJ; B{z gfjb d/ nXko #s/ jZb ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. go ni'e/;w/A d/ ;zdoG ftu gzikp d/ b'eK B{z y/soh gZXo #s/ fBZs fdjkV/ g/F nkoj/ b'eb w[ZfdnK B{z ;G s'A gfjbK jZb eoBk ;w/A dh wzr j?? feT[Afe i/fJBQK xkse w[ZfdnK B/ gzikphns jh Bk ofjD fdZsh sK fco gzikphnKdh ftbZyD gSkD dh pjkbh dh rZb eoBh p/wkfJnB/ j' e/ c}{b fijhekotkJh pD ikt/rh.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu nZi fJj rZb pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB tkbhj? fe j[D jfEnkoK d/ XkVth jwfbnK s'A fes/ tZX fGqFNkuko s/ BfFnKd/ s;Zeoh jwb/ ;wki s/ e"w bJh p/jZd xkse jB. fJ; bJh j[D ;Gs'A gfjbK gzikp ;oeko tk;s/ nkgD/ @izrb oki# ns/ ;w[Zuh gqFk;fBeftt;Ek B{z nkgD/ ;jh ;EkB s/ mhe gfog/y ftu fbnkT[D dk ekoi j'o;G ek;/ s'A }o{oh j?.

j[D tXdh npkdh, fGqFNkuko, foFtsy'oh, }yho/pk}h, fwbktNy'oh,Go{D jZfsnk, p/o[}rkoh, rohph s/ feo;kDh dhnK ;wZf;nktK, gzikphsfj}hp, ;fGnkuko, gzikph GkFk dh d[odFk ns/ ;wki dh ihtB-F?bhftu wBch j' oj/ ;dkuko s/ ;bhe/ tor/ w;fbnK B{z gfjb d/ nXko #s/BfiZmDk gt/rk. w/o/ fJe fBr{D/ fij/ ;[Mkn w[skfpe gzikph ;fGnkukoftu ;dkuko s/ ;bhe/ fijhnK ftF/FsktK B{z g[Bo-;[oihs eoB bJh;[XkoB s/ T[GkoB dh b'V j?. ;kvk FkBkwZsk fJfsjk; j? s/ nwho ;kfjsj?, go n;hA fJ; B{z gqukoB s/ gq;koBk ftu fpbe[Zb n;cb oj/ jK.nc;'; dh rZb j? fe n;hA fJj th ikDd/ jK fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgD/r[o{nK, ghoK s/ FjhdK d/ fto;/-ftok;s B{z nZr/ d[BhnK B{z BjhA dZ;;edhnK, T[BQK e"wK B{z e'Jh X/b/ tZN/ th BjhA f;nkDdk. fJj ;ko/ ekoi fpBK;wK r[nkJ/ j[D s'A jh F[o{ eoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu j'oBK Xkofwe s/ ;dkukfoe T[Zdw-T[gokfbnK s'AfJbktk gzikph wK p'bh B{z fJ; dk ;fseko:'r pDdk gfjbk ;EkB d/D

428

dh b'V j'o ;G d[fBnkth w;fbnK s'A fes/ nfjw j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jhgzikph p'bh dh T[od{ }[pkB Bkb g[okDh ;KM B{z pjkb eoB dh }o{osj?. r"osbp j? fe nfs FkfJokBk s/ ;bhe/ Gog{o T[od{ }[pkB B{z thn;hA ;zB 1947 ftu gzikp dh tzv ;w/A eZNVsk s/ ;zgqdkfJesk dkfFeko pDke/ pkovo'A goQ/ gkfe;skB d/ gZSwh gzikp ftu sVh gko eofdZsk ;h. j[D fco ;kB{z T[od{ }[pkB B{z iB{zB d/ dkfJo/ ftu'A eZY e/ fcos'A gzikphnK dh ;dhnK s'A uZbh nk ojh ;KMh gzikph p'b pkDh ftud[pkok s'A :'r ;EkB d/D dh nfjwhns B{z ;wMDk gt/rk.

fJ; soQK jh d/F d/ nzB/ dks/ feo;kBK dh wzdjkbh B{z vZek bkT[Ddh b'V j?. t/yd/-t/yd/ n;hA nzB dkfsnK B{z wzrs/ pDk fbnk j?. fJ;bJh ;wMD dh b'V j? fe i/ gzikp dh feo;kDh jh Bk ojh sK feo;kDth BjhA oj/rk. fJ; soQK jh yk; eoe/ ;zB 1975 s'A pknd tXdhnpkdh B{z o'eD tk;s/ fe;/ th gkoNh iK ;oeko B/ e'Jh yk; T[gokbkBjhA ehsk, fi; d/ ekoB d/F ftu tXdh nkpkdh s/ T[; s'A fes/ tZXfGqFNkuko B/ gzikp s/ gzikphnK dh fGnK jh p[bk oZyh j?.

fJ; ;{os ftu fJe gk;/ ni'eh ghVQh d/ seohpB 70 ch;dhfeo;kD jh i/ Bk oj/ ns/ iK fco 50 ch;dh s'A tZX ;kv/ B"itkB jhysw j' rJ/ sK gzikp dk eh pD{z s/ ;kvk ;'jDk s/ FkBkwZsk gzikp feZE/bZG/rk< B"itkB tor dh d/F ftu p/o[}rkoh d/ ekoB d[orsh j' ojh j?,fJ; bJh ;kv/ ftfdnkoEh tor dk tZvk fjZ;k vkeNo, fJzihBhno s/j'o bkfJe pZu/ ftd/FK B{z tjhoK xZs oj/ jB. fiE/ fJj nkgD/ nkg ftud/F bJh fJe rzGho w;bk j?, T[E/ jh gzikphnK dh ftd/FK ftu j' ojhe[ZNwko s/ esbK sZe gj[zuh ;wZf;nk B{z th gfjb d/ nXko #s/ jZb eoBdh b'V j?.

p/FZe j[D ;wK fJj th nk frnk j? fe n;hA nkgD/ okiBhfsenkr{nK s/ f;nk;h pzfdnK B{z fJj f;ZXk ;tkb g[ZShJ/ fe T[BQK B/ tXdhnpkdh B{z o'eD tk;s/ eh :sB ehs/ jB ns/ ;wki d/ fBZro-Bo'J/fBowkD bJh ;dkukfoe s/ B?fse edoK-ehwsK T[go nXkfos ;kv/nwho ;fGnkuko dh pjkbh s/ ;[oZfynk bJh ;kvh ftfdne gqDkbh ftueh ;'XK ehshnK jB. fco ;kv/ e"wh nkuoD B{z g[Bo ;[oihs eoB bJh

429

;oekoK B/ nZi s'A gfjbK eh ehsk j? s/ j[D fJBQK e"wh w;fbnK d/ ;pzXftu fJBQK dk eh fJokdk s/ wB;{pk j?<

fJ; s'A fJbktk ;wkfie s/ Xkofwe b'eK s/ yk; eoe/ u[D/ rJ/T[whdtkoK B{z fJj th g[ZSD dh b'V j? fe T[BQK dhnK ;oekoK gzikph wKp'bh dh j' ojh d[orsh, xkN/ tkbk ;"dk pD u[eh feo;kDh, fBokF s/jskF j' ojh p/o[irko itkBh, BfFnK-gZfsnK d/ S/t/A dfonk ftu o[VQojh w[zv/-e[VhnK dh B"itkBh ns/ ;kv/ jh i[bw s/ p/o[yh dk fFeko j'oj/ Bkoh ;z;ko ns/ w[Zy s"o #s/ Go{D jZfsnk s/ nDy bJh j' oj/ esbKpko/ j[D sZe eh ehsk j? s/ nZr/ j'o e[ZM eoB dh eh T[BQK e'b e'Jh m';;ehw j? th iK BjhA<

fJ; soQK jh gzikp d/ ;kjwD/ e"wh s/ e"wKsoh w;b/ fit/A fegzikphnK dh gSkD, gZr dh FkB dh pjkbh, uzvhrVQ s/ gzikph p'bd/fJbkfenK dk w;bk, gkDhnK dk w;bk, gzikph wK p'bh dh d[odFk,BfFnK dh wko ns/ Go{D jZfsnk nkfd nfij/ w[Zd/ jB, fiBQK B{z fegzikp ;oeko B{z gfjb/ fdB s'A jh gfjb d/D dh }o{os j?. fJ; tk;s/fe;/ th gkoNh dh ;oeko nkt/, T[; B{z fJBQK ekoiK tk;s/ gfjbKnkgDh iE/pzdh B{z bkwpzd eoB dh pVh b'V j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;G s'A gfjbK sK gzikp dh f;nk;s s/ yk; eoe/f;nk;h nkr{nK B{z efbnkDekoh oki fbnkT[D fjZs nkgD/-nkg ftuspdhbh fbnkT[D dh b'V j?. j[D f;nk;s b'e ;/tk BjhA, ;r'A ;[nkoEGog{o i/p ;/tk jh pD rJh j?. j[D ;/tk B{z w/tk BjhA brdk, ;r'Af;nk;s g{zih fBt/F pDe/ g/N g{ik jh pD rJh j?. fJ; tk;s/ Xow s/okiBhsh p[oh soQK rZvwZv j' rJ/ jB s/ okiBhsh dh jh s{sh p'bdh j?.fco okiBhsh ftu ngokXheoB f;o/ dh jZd sZe gj[zfunk j'D eoe/Xow, Fow, ;dkuko s/ B?fse-edoK ehwsK S[g yb'shnK jB.

fJ; ;ko/ e'M/ f;nk;sh tosko/ ftu f;nk;sdkB ukj[zd/ jB fe T[jXow d/ BKn #s/ okiBhsh sK eoB, go Xow okiBhsh ftu dyb Bkd/t/. go id'A b'ekJh tb'A fJj dbhb fdZsh iKdh j? fe okiBhsh th Xowftu dyb Bk d/t/ sK f;nk;h pyskto @w?A Bk wkB{z# dh oZN bk e/ ntkwdh rZb B{z nT{A-rT{A eo fdzd/ jB. fJBQK f;nk;h b'eK e'b g?;/, pkj{pbns/ fco nZr/ oki;Zsk dh skes j?. fJj b'e M{mK #s/ fiT[Ad/ jB s/

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tknfdnK #s/ gbd/ jB. fJBQK ftu e'Jh j'o :'rsk j't/ iK Bk j't/, gofJj iBsk B{z tokn-goukn s/ torbk e/ y[d iBsk d/ wkbe pD iKd/jB. ;wki dk e'Jh GbkwkD; nkdwh sK j[D okiBhsh ftu Fkwb jhBjhA j' ;edk. fco B/epys s/ f;nkD/ pzfdnK tb'A fJb?eFB bVB dhukjs s/ ;woEk fgSb/ ;fwnK dh j'Jh-phsh ejkDh pD u[eh j?. ;kvhokiBhsh s/ Xow ftu pdBhsh dk toskok j[D sK tkfjr[o{ dh ebk d/;wkBKso j' e/ jh tos fojk j?.

;w/A dh wzr nB[;ko jehes fJj jh j? fe okiBhsh ftu Xow dknzF }o{o j't/, fi; d/ ekoB ;kvh eEBh s/ eoBh ftu e'Jh Xow-eowdh rZb j' ;e/. go id'A okiBhsh Xow ftu nk tVdh j? sK pdfdnkBshs/ p/JhwkBh Xow dhnK sZeV-sZeVhnK fjbk e/ oZy fdzdh j?. fJ; soQK;kvk ;wkfie skDk-pkDk fJT[A sfj;-Bfj; j' iKdk j? fe fit/A e'JhfonkVQ-YKvh i[bkj/ dh skDh ftu tV ikt/. y?o! ni'e/ ;w/A ftu fiE'AsZe okiBhsh s/ Xow d/ xNhnk fwbr'G/ dk ;tkb j?, ;kvh f;nk;sftu nZbk-nZbk y?o ;Zbk tkbh rZb j'Jh gJh j?. ;kXK d/ v/fonK #s/ thokiBhsh dh nkX[fBe ozrs fd;D bZr gJh j?.

fJj nfs eEBh BjhA j? fe j[D fJBQK v/fonK d/ fJj nopKgsh pkp/oki;h s/ gqFk;eh rfbnkfonK d/ th ;ogq;s s/ nkXh pD u[e/ jB.w[bk}wK s/ nc;oK dhnK pdbhnK s/ soZehnK sK fJBQK d/ @pkJ/A jZE# dky/b j?. ;r'A fJj sK f;nk;h bhvoK B{z okiGkr s/ okirZdhnK th gqFkdo{g ftu tzvD d/ ;woE j' u[Ze/ jB. fJ; eoe/ fJj e'Jh nuzG/ tkbhrZb BjhA fe nrb/ gzi-d; ;kbK ftu fJBQK v/fonK dh jh nkgDh e'Jht}kos iK ;oeko pD ikt/.

pfjojkb! f;nk;h b'eK B{z j[D fco nkgDh Xosh s/ nkgD/ b'eK d/B/V/ fbnkT[D dh p/jZd b'V j?. ;kv/ fuZN/ eZgfVnK #s/ fgzvK dh X{V-fwZNhBjhA, ;r'A NhB'gkb dh w[Bkdh gqsZy fd;dh j?. fco ;kv/ i'V/-i[ZshnK #s/fwZNh-xZN/ dk Bkw'-fBFkB th BjhA fd;dk. go fco id'A fgzvK d/b'e fJBQK b'eK B{z bzwk g?Avk wko e/ fwbD nkT[Ad/ jB sK n;hAT[BQK B{z nkgD/ vokfJzr o{w ftu tVB sZe BjhA fdzd/ fe fes/ ekog?ZN Bkyokp j' ikt/.

431

;kB{z j[D ;oekoK s'A fJj th g[ZSD dh b'V j? fe T[BQK B/ gzikph wK-p'bh dh j' ojh d[orsh, xkN/ tkbk ;"dk pD u[eh feo;kDh, fBokF s/jskF j' ojh p/o[}rko B"itkBh, BfFnK-gZfsnK d/ dfonk ftu o[VQ ojhw[zfvnK-e[VhnK dh itkBh, ;kv/ }[bw s/ p/o[yh dk fFeko j' oj/ Bkoh;z;ko dh d[orsh s/ yk; eoe/ Go{D jZfsnk pko/ j[D sZe eh ehsk j?s/ nZr/ j'o eh e[ZM eoB dh ;ehw j?.

fco ;G s'A tZvh rZb sK fJBQK B{z g[ZSD tkbh fJj j? fe @nzBdksk-gzikp# d/ d' eo'V gzMZso bZy b'eK ftu'A seohpB fJe eo'V nZi rohpho/yk s'A EZb/ o'Nh th wzrd/ jB go o'Nh Bkb'A tZX o'}h wzrd/ jB. T[BQKbJh ;oeko eh eo ojh j? s/ nZr/ eh eo/rh< gzikph eth ;[bZyD;ojZdh fJBQK b'eK dhnK fdbh GktBktK dh soiwkBh eodk j?.

X{D/ p?mk cZr{ efjzd? fJ; t/oK w?A efjDkt'N d/ pdb/ fby fdU w?B{z o'NhnK dk f;oBktK

fJ; gqEkfJ bhvoK B{z fJj efjD ;wMkT[D dh b'V j? fe oZp s[jkvkGbk eo/ fe s[;hA bZyK eo'VK rohp cZr{-c[zwDk B{z nkNk-dkb sK ;ZuhBhns ns/ ;jh Bhsh nB[;ko fdzd/ jh oj', go Bkb jh i/ fes/ rohpKB{z fdjkVh-wi{oh th d/ d/t' sK FkfJd T[BQK d/ pZfunK tk;s/ T[BQK d/u[ZfbQnK #s/ th e'Jh ;kr-;p}h dh gshbh iK d[ZX-tkX dk e'Jh nZXk-g"Dkfrbk; fes/ fd; ;e/. ;Zu ikfDU! fJ; soQK s[jkvh ;Zuh-w[ZuhA jh d'ijkBK ftu pZb/-pZb/ j' ;edh j?.

pfjojkb :EkoE sK j[D fJj j? fe rZb e[ZM j'o jh gk;/ s[oh j'Jhj?. fi; d/ ekoB ;kvh f;nk;s ftu j[D sK fJe j'o th tZvk o"bk fJjj? fe n;hA f;nk;h fto'XhnK Bz{ th d[FwD ;wM e/ pdbk bT{ GktBk d/nXhB j' iKd/ jK. id'A fe ;wMD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe okiBhsh ftue'Jh gZek d[FwD iK e'Jh gZek fwZso BjhA j[zdk. fJ; tk;s/ nkgD/fto'XhnK ftu th i/ e'Jh rZb uzrh j't/ sK T[BQK s'A th ;pe wkso frnkBb? b?Dk pDdk j?. efjzd/ jB fe r[D sK d[FwD s'A th b? b?Dk ukjhdk j?.fJj sK f;oc u'DK dk ;wK jh jz[dk j? id'A fe f;nk;sh b'e nkg jh;ko/ d/ ;ko/ fwZsoK d/ fgzv Bz{ yyVhnK-eo/fbnK tKrz{ nZv'-ckNh eo fdzd/jB. fJ; gqEkfJ ;[bZyD ;ojZdh dk efjDk j? feL-

432

G[y/ sK ;B T[vhed/ o'Nh fbnkJ/rkw'Y/ #s/ vKr oZy e/ nkfJnk ;wkitkd

fJ; s'A pknd j[D u'DK s'A pknd fe;/ th nkT[D tkbh ;oeko B{z u'D;[Xko eoB dh p/jZd }o{os j?. p/FZe f;nk;h b'eK tk;s/ fJj ;[Xko eoB/ykbk ih dk tkVk BjhA j?. go j[D g?;kszso, dko{szso s/ XZekszso fij/jfEnko j[D b'eszso B{z okiszso iK fco v?w'eq/;h B{z vKr'eq/;h pDk oj/ jBsK u'D ;[XkoK s'A fpBK j[D e"w dh rsh th BjhA j?. j[D ni'e/ ;w/A dhnKu'DK ftu nyho #s/ ;ko/ u'D gquko Bkb'A fijVk jfEnko ;G s'A tZXn;odkfJe s/ ekonkwd j[zdk j? T[j Fokp d/ nZXhJ/-gT{J/, BfFnK s/g?f;nK dk tos-toskok jh j?. p; ;kvh iBsk gT{nk-nZXhnk b? e/ jh y[Fj' iKdh j?. ;r'A o[Zf;nK-o[;kfJnK b'eK B{z @@nkgDh sK xo tkbh rZb j?##efj e/ wBkT[D s/ Bkb s'oB dh ebk sK pkeh f;nk;h gkoNhnK B{z th pkdb;kfjp tor/ fgskwk nkr{nK s'A f;ZyD dh p/jZd b'V j?.

p/FZe fJBQK wB-wB"shnK ftu gkoNhnK B{z u'DekoK tk;s/ nzr{o dhp/Nh dh y[oke nZXhJ/ s'A tXke/ p'sb s/ w[rbkBh p/rw Gkt nchw s/ j'oSsoXko/ ejkT[Ad/ BfFnK dh y/g fJb?eFB efwFB tb'A ;ys gkpzdh d/pkti{d th tXkT[D dh b'V g? rJh ;h, i' fe u'DK d/ ;zdoG ftu pj[sjh e'Mk gquZbD j?. u'DekoK dk fJe oks dk BFk T[BQK dh 5 ;kbK dhBhAd jokw eo ;edk j?. fJ; tk;s/ j[D fJj th ;wMD dh b'V j? fefJj BfFnK dk ;kv/ ;wki ftu gquZbD s/ yk; eoe/ u'DK ftu fJBQK dhy[ZbQh tos'A ;kv/ b'eoki bJh fezBh xkse f;ZX j' ojh j?. nfij/ wkV/gquZbDK s/ e'M/ jZEezfvnK dh i/ u'DK ftu uVQs ojh ns/ u'DK d/ fJ;p/w[jko/ F[so B{z Be/b Bk gkJh rJh sK fJj o;sk nyho B{z b'eK d/ BZeftu dw eo d/t/rk s/ fJj nfs eEBh BjhA j't/rh fe i/ fJj okVQ-phVQfJ; soQK jh ubdh ojh sK fJe fdB ;kvh b'e oki gqDkbh dk thckfsnk gfVQnk ik ;edk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftZu gzikp ftu efbnkDekoh oki fbnkT[D tk;s/ fjZsgzikp dh nc;oFkjh d/ o'b dk th f}eo eoBk pDdk j? fe fJj nkgD/;Nhb co/w Gkt fJ;gksh YKu/ s'A fes/ EZb/ T[so e/ j[D pK;K d/ fbcDtkb/ YKu/ ftu spdhb j' rJh j?. nZi dh nc;oFkjh nkgD/ u"frod/c?bh BthA-BthA nwhoh s/ g?;/ Ne/ dh pj[sks d/ n;o j/m nc;oFkjh

433

dh gqzgokrs FkB B{z fsnkr e/ d[ekBdkoh B{z ngDk u[eh j?. fJj s;eoKs/ gqkgoNh vhboK dh GkJhtkb pD e/ nkgDhnK gqFk;fBe FeshnK B{zfroth oZy u[ehnK jB.

fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kB{z ;G B{z gsk j? fe fe;/ B{z f}nkdk dZ;D-g[ZSDdh b'V BjhA j? feT[A fe n;hA nkgD/ xoK B{z ;ko/ jh f;nkD/ jB, fJ;tk;s/ fgzvK s/ FfjoK ftu ftek; dhnK ;ehwK ftu nZi-eZbQ i' b'ebgZXo d/ f;nk;h w[yhnK s'A b? e/ nc;oFkjh sZe s/ T[gob/ f;nk;hnkr{nK dh ftek; d/ Bkw #s/ i' fjZ;/dkoh F[o{ j' rJh j?, T[j p/nzs wkVhj?. fJj nZi-eZbQ nkgD/ t'N p?AeK B{z ;ztkoB s/ ;zGkbD tk;s/ tXhnkfBt/F pfDnk j'fJnk j? ns/ fJ; soQK b'e GbkJh d/ Bkw #s/ u'DekoKdk ;wkfie, nkofEe s/ yk; eoe/ okiBhfse F'FD j' fojk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu nc;oFkjh B{z T[BQK dhnK gqzgokrs b'e ;/tk dhnKFkBdko otkfJsK nB[;ko o{b ekB{zB w[skfpe f;ZX/ yVQB s/ f;ZX/ s[oBdh ;'Mh d/D dh b'V j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk B"eoFkjh B{z ekb/ fJbw tor/rbs gqFk;fBe ebw/ gVQB s/ foFtsy'oh torh oZ;/ uZpD dh wkVhnkds s'A th jNeD dh }o{os j?. fco nfXekohnK s/ eowukohnK B{zf;nk;h XV/pzdh s'A pu-puk e/ n;{bgq;sh d/ okj/-ok;s s'oB dh w[Vs'A b'V j?. fJj ezw f;oc s/ f;oc ;kvhnK ;oekoK jh eo ;edhnKjB, go fiE'A sZe rZb nk gj[zuh j?, T[; gq'c?FBb e'M/gD dk ;[XoBk s/;[XkoBk e'Jh ykbk ih dk tkVk BjhA j?.

p/FZe ;oekoK tb'A gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK d/ n?eN s/ efwFB pDkJ/ rJ/jB, go fJ; d/ pkti{d th fizBh d/o ;kvhnK ;oekoK s/ gqFk;fBeftt;Ek d/ ;{soXkoK dh Bhns s/ Bhsh d'BK ftu jh ;[Xko BjhA j[zdk,T[Bh d/o fJ; ;zdoG ftu b'e fjZs d/ e'Jh pj[s uzr/ BshfinK dh nk;BjhA ehsh ik ;edh, feT[Afe fJ; Bkb ;G s'A gfjbK ;oeko dhnkgj[do/gD fijh wBwo}h s/ y[dro}h Gog{o y[dw[yfsnkoh ns/ikfJ}-BkikfJ} j[ew wBkT[D dh p/brkw Fesh B{z mZbQ gkT[D dkwsbp, fJe tko sK nkgD/ g?o e[jkVh wkoB d/ pokpo j't/rk.

fco fJ; ;{os ftu fejVh ;oeko j? i' fJj eo ;e/ fe Gkt/A T[j;oeko ;kb fSwkjh jh uZb/, go b'eK B{z jo jkbs tXhnk ;[uko{ s/ b'e

434

fjs?Fh gqFk;B d/D dk sjZJhnk eo ;e/. fJj eo/b/ torh e"Vh ;ZukJhj? fe nkgD/ fBZih s/ ;[nkoEh fjZsK d/ fybkc e'Jh oZp dk pyfFnk ihnjh ik ;edk j?. go fJj th gZEo #s/ BjhA, ;r'A b'j/ #s/ beho j? fei/ e'Jh ;oeko b'e GbkJh s/ b'e ;/tk dk fJj efbnkDekoh ;zebgf;o/ uVQk fdzdh j? sK T[; dh T[wo wjhB/-;kbK iK uko-gzi tkohnK ftuBjhA, ;r'A fJfsjk; ftu @nwosk# d/ gfog/y ftu doi j't/rh.

nyhobh rZb fJj j? fe j[D nc;oFkjh b'e ;/tk d/ ;wki efbnkDs/ b'e GbkJh tor/ nkdoFK s/ f;XKsK B{z G[Zb e/ nkgD/ efbnkD s/nkgDh GbkJh dh ;'uD bZr gJ/ jB. ;w[Zuh nc;oFkjh B{z b'eK dhnK;wZf;nktK gqsh ikro{e, f}zw/tko s/ itkpd/j pDkT[D dh p/jZd }o{osj?. nc;oFkjh B{z fJe rZb fJj ;wMkT[D dh b'V j? fe i/ T[j b'e;/tk d/ n;{bK s/ ekB{zBK w[skfpe mhe o;s/ ubd/ jB sK T[j ;wki s/;oeko dh edodkBh d/ jZedko jB. go i/ T[j rbs okj nyfsnkoeod/ jB sK T[BQK B{z fJj th ;gFN FpdK ftu @feZE/ fgZdh s/ feZE/ fgZdhdk F'opk# fijh T[BQK dh ;jh n"eks s'A ikD{z eotkT[D dh th ;oeko e'b;woEk j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fco ;kv/ t/yd/-t/yd/ jh ;kvk edoK-ehwsKGfonk ;fGnkuko s/ yk; eoe/ gzikph GkFk o[VQdh-g[Vdh ik ojh j?.;oeko bzwhnK skD e/ ;[Zsh j'Jh j?. fe;/ eth dk fJ; gqEkfJ fezBk v{zxkfceo j? feL-

o[VQh ik oj/ wzvh d/ jVQ nzdo, GkFk, f;fynk ;fGnkuko ;G e[M;kvh ;'u, ;hos, ;fji ;[ji ;kvk, ;kvk Xow s/ feodko ;G e[MfoFs/ Bks/ s/ ohsh fotki ;ko/, ;KM w/b w[jpZs fgnko ;G e[M

i/ n;hA ;"Ad/ Bk t/u x'V/, j'Dk BjhA ;h fJj T[bko ;G e[M

id'A fe n;hA ;ko/ fJj efjzd/ s/ wzBd/ th jK fe gzikp dk uZgk-uZgkFjhdK d/ bj{ dh ;[oy b'n s/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK dhnK e[opkBhnK Bkb;oFko j?. gzikph ihtB-F?bh dh p[fBnkd wfonkdk s/ tXhnk gqzgoktK#s/ nXkfos j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJ; nfjw gqzs{ g{oB s"o #s/ nDr"b/ y/softu j'o pj[s e[ZM eoB dh b'V j? feT[Afe fijVh e"w nkgDhnK wjkBgqzgoktK s/ ftF/FsktK B{z G[Zb iKdh j?, T[j nkgD/ nkg ftu e"w ejkT[Ddh jZedko th BjhA ofjzdh. nZi ;kvh f;nk;s dh Bhns s/ Bhsh fJj

435

j? fe efbnkD oki d/ ;zebg d/ Bkw s/ ;kvk nkgDk efbnkD j't/.;kvh fJ; wkVh Bhs s/ Bhsh pko/ e?bth fbydk j? feL-

f;nk;s dh Bhs, fBZs Bck j't/, j'o J/;dk Bk ;o'eko e'Jh;fGnkukoK dk BjhA ;fseko e'Jh, p;shtkdhJ/ eoB tgko e'JhnZyK whN' Bk @e?bth# bZr fgZS/, tZvh j? Bk J/; s'A jko e'Jh

fJ; ;zdoG ftu id'A fe n;hA efjzd/ th jK s/ wzBd/ th jK fe ;kv/B"itkB ;kv/ GftZy d/ tkfo; jB, go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe nZi gzikpdh wkDwZsh itkBh sK p/o[}rkoh s/ BfFnK dh pbh uVQ u[eh j?. fijV/B"itkBK ftu jkb/ th f;Zde-f;oVQ s/ frnkB-ftfrnkB dh eDh j?, T[jnkgD/ d/F ftu nkgDh p/edoh d/ ;Bw[Zy pkjob/ w[beK B{z tjhoK xZsoj/ jB. fJ; pq/B-vo/B Gkt d/F dh fdwkrh Fesh B{z mZbQ gkT[D bJhj[D B"itkBK Bz{ d'F d/D dh EK fdFk s/ fdFk fBod/F d/D dh b'V j?.

go nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe i' nZi ;wki dh ;G s'A tZvh b'Vj?, T[; gk;/ sK ;oeko dk oZsh Go th fXnkB BjhA j?. T[j b'V fJjj? fe pZfunK Bz{ ;e{bK s/ ekbiK d/ feskph frnkB d/ Bkb-Bkb;dkukfoe, T[;ko{ s/ ouBksfwe fposhnK Bkb T[[BQK dk ufoso fBowkDehsk ikt/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK s/FjhdK w[ohdK dhnK ihtBhnK s/ T[BQK d/ ekoBkw/ gfjb d/ nXko #s/Fkwb ehs/ ikD dh b'V j?.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kvhnK nkgDhnK ;oekoK dk co} nZtb pDdkj? fe T[j ;kv/ Xow, ;fGnkuko s/ B?fse edoK ehwsK dh gfjo/dkoheoB. fJj ;oekoK dk jh ezw j? fe T[j ;kv/ g[ofynK d/ fto;/-ftok;s Bz{ ;KG-;zGkb e/ nkgDhnK nrbhnK ghVQhnK sZe gzj[ukT[D.fco nkgD/ e"wh GftZy d/ tkfo; B"itkBK Bz{ o[}rko d/ w"e/ d/ e/ o'Nh,eZgV/ s/ wekB torhnK ihtB dhnK p[fBnkdh }o{osK w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk;oeko dk gqw[Zy Xow s/ eow j?. nc;'; fe n;hA gzikp d/ Gfty d/tkfo;K B{z ;zGkfbnk jh BjhA s/ T[j fdFkjhD ijki tkr{z ;z;ko-;w[zdod/ Eg/V/ yKd/ fcod/ jB.

f;ZN/ ti'A f;ZX/-nf;ZX/ s"o #s/ ;kv/ tb'A ;kvh nDr"bh fijh gzikp dhitkBh ftu i' tZvk ftrkV g?dk j'fJnk j?, T[j ;kv/ ;kjwD/ jh j?. ;kv/

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ni'e/ B"itkB tZvh frDsh ftu ezBK ftu w[oehnK s/ f;oK #s/ i?Zb bke/ oKM/-fwof}nK tKr{z pd}B, r[;sky s/ pd}[pkB pD oj/ jB ns/y/fVnK s/ dkBkpkd d/ okjK ftu o[bd/ fco oj/ jB. ;kv/ pj[s/ B"itkBsK BfFnK Bkb NZbh j' e/ f}zdrh s'A p/}ko s/ fBokF j' u[e/ jB. T[jv"o-G"o wiB{z tKr d[BhnK p/]po s/ p/ro} j' u[e/ jB. T[j j[D Bk ;kE'As/ Bk jh oZp s'A e[ZM wzrd/ jB. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kv/ ;wki d/nkek-fJwkwK B/ T[BQK B{z dhtkBrh dh jZd sZe gj[zuk fdZsk j?. fJj j[De[ZM p'bd/ jh BjhA jB ns/ i/ p'bd/ jB sK gzikph d/ nykD w[skfpe @i/w[odk p'b/rk sK yZcD jh gkV/rk# fijh pdebkwh eod/ jB. fJ; tk;s/B"itkBK dh ;[o ;wMD s/ T[BQK dh ;ko b?D dh nfsnzs }o{os j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ j[D ;G s'A tZX T[Zdw s/ T[gokbk sK ;oeko B{z jh eoBkpDdk j?. go fco th wB[Zyh ;z;ekoK d/ ;zdoG ftu f;nkfDnK B/ fejkj? fe ;wki fBowkD dk i' ezw ;oekoK BjhA eo ;edhnK, T[j;z;eko eo fdzd/ jB. go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe n;hA nkgD/ pZfunKB{z ;z;ko sK fdzd/ jK, go ;z;eko BjhA fdzd/. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fen;hA F[o{ s'A jh nkgD/ fBnkfDnK B{z ;[Zy-nokw, f;Zfynk s/ XB d"bs d/e/ T[BQK B{z ;z;ko Bkb i'Vd/ jK. go n;hA T[BQK B{z ;kv/ g[ofynK d/ B/eekoBkfwnK s/ ;fGnkuko dhnK B/e edoK-ehwsK Bkb BjhA i'Vd/.

;'! fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z ;G B{z gzikp dh ;fGnkukfoe fJwkos dhp[fBnkd B{z w[V s'A gqgZe eoB bJh gzikp d/ ;fGnkuko, fto;/ s/ftok;s dh ;ko b?Dh ;kv/ ;G tk;s/ nfs }o{oh j?. fJj ;w/A dh wzrj? fe e"w FjhdK dhnK ihtBhnK, T[BQK dhnK e[opkBhnK ns/ wjkB\b;\/ ;pzXh nkgD/ nkg B{z ikro{e eohJ/ s/ nkgDhnK ghVQhnK B{zikDekoh d/JhJ/. fJ; soQK jh B"itkB ghVQhnK d/ nkuoD B{z FjhdK tb'Ad/F s/ e"w gqsh fBGkJ/ fgnko dh ozrs d/D bJh fJj }o{oh pD iKdkj? fe n;hA T[BQK dh ihtB-F?bh ftu ;wki ;/tk tk;s/ ukn s/ T[wzr dhukFDh ukVQhJ/. fJ; b'VhAd/ T[Zdw-T[gokb/ B{z xo s'A F[o{ eoe/ fcof;Zfynk ;z;EktK s'A th nZr/ ;wki gZXo #s/ nwbh o{g d/D dh b'V j?.

fJ; soQK jh ;oeko B{z i' fJe j'o tZvh u[D"sh j?, T[j ;kv/ b'eszsod/ u"E/ g"V/ B{z nkgD/ ;jh co} s'A ikD{z eotkT[D dh j?. gq?Z; s/

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fJb?eNqkfBe whvhnk y[d ;wki dk fJe' jh ;w/A ne; s/ ;?A;o j[zd/ jB.go ni'e/ ;w/A ftu fJj th ewoFhnb bkG s/ f;nk;h bkb;k dkfFeko j' u[e/ jB. j[D sK j'o th nc;'; dh rZb j? fe fJj ;gFN s"o#s/ XV/pzdh dh okiBhsh dk fjZ;k pD u[e/ jB. fi; eoe/ ;kok whvhnk;wki s/ ;oeko dk fBogZy nb'ue j'D ti'A p[oh soQK c/b j' fojk j?.

pZ; j[D whvhnk B{z bZyK-eo'VK o[gJ/ dh fJFfsjkopk}h ukjhdh j?,fco nypkoK iK NhHthH s'A fe;/ gkoNh dh fyZbh T[vtk bU, Gzvh eotk bUiK nkgDh s{sh titk bU. p; fJ; bJh ;G ikfJ} j?. ;kv/ ;w[Zu/ ;wkitKr{z j[D whvhnk th uzrk-wkVk eoB dk Gkrh j? ns/ ;kv/ fizBK jh e;{otkoj?. fJj j[D y[d th fJ; rZb s'A w[Beo BjhA j' ;edk fe fiE/ ;oekoK s/nkw b'eK dk ;fsnkBk; j'fJnk j?, T[E/ whvhnk dk ;tk-;fsnkBk; jhj'fJnk j?. w"i{dk ;w/A ftu gzikph ;fGnkuko s/ gzikph GkFk dh i' pdpyshs/ fwZNh gbhs whvhnk tb'A BthA sfj}hp s/ nkX[fBesk d/ Bkw #s/ j'Jh j?.T[; d/ ;Bw[Zy sK whvhnk d/ oki/-okfDnK s/ okDhnK B{z fJ; gZy s'A nkgDknZrk j'o ;G s'A gfjbK YZeD dh b'V j?. w[Zedh rZb j? fe whvhJ/ Bz{ d/Fdk u"Ek g"Vk j'D d/ Bks/ @n"o'A e' B;hjs, y[d whnK c}hjs# torh eos{ss'A nkgD/ nkg B{z poh-T[b-}[zwk eoe/ nkgDh ;ky B{z ;[oyo{ eoBk gt/rk.

fJ; soQK jh ;wki ftu fcoek gq;sh B{z mb gkT[D dh b'V j?. fJ;gq;zr ftu gfjbK sK iks gks d/ gZN/ ;wki B/ nkg'-nkgD/ FwFkB xkNpDkJ/ ;Bl fco r[od[nko/ nbZr-nbZr pDB/ F[o{ j' rJ/ jB. j[D sK t'Noki B/ GkJhuko/ s/ pokdoh ftu sK ftEK gkJhnK jh jB ;r'A fJe' wK d/ ikJ/GkJh-GkJh th j[D nekbhnK s/ eKro;hnK ftu tzv/ rJ/ jB. fgzv wfjw/;oi/ eKro;h s/ nekbhnK B/ FwFkB xkN th tZy-tZy eo bJ/ jB. u'DKsK gzi ;kb pknd nk iKdhnK jB go fJj ;Ze/ Gok eJh-eJh u'DK bzxDT[gozs th fJe d{i/ d/ xo BjhA tVd/. fJj gkVk j'o th tZX fojk j?. oZpd/ tk;s/ fJ; ;wkfie gkV/ Bz{ j[D j'o tXkT[D dh EK fJ; Bz{ xNkT[D dh b'Vj[D ;w/A dh wzr pD u[eh j?. T[Xo poBkb// d/ fJe fgzv ftu pZfunK dk;e{b fJe FwFkB xkN d/ F?vK ftu brdk j?. fJj ;oekoK d/ tk;s/fJe tZvh u[B"sh j? fe ;kvh ftfdnk gqDkbh feZXo Bz{ ik ojh j?.

j[D gzikp B{z ;G s'A tZX b'V j? fe e'Jh wkV/ nB;oK B{z ;'Xk bkT[DbJh ftrfVnK-fsrfVnK dk gho-vzvk pD e/ e'Jh eowZm gqFk;fBe

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:'Xk w[Zy wzsoh pD/. fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;wki B{z fJ; rZb dh th b'V j? fed/F fjs?Fh s/ B/e gqFk;fBe nfXekoh b'eK gqsh nkgD/ co}K B{z ikDBs/ gSkDB ns/ nfij/ b'eK gqsh tckdko eowukohnK B{z nekb g[oytkfjr[o{ ;wki ;/tk eoB dh ;[wZs s/ pbp[ZXh pyF/. ;kv/ w[be ftuekB{zB sK gfjbK jh pj[s jB. ;' fJ; bJh j[D ekB{zB dhnK feskpK dhfrDsh tXkT[D dh EK ekB{zB-}kpfsnK B{z fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh ns/ ekB{zBhs/ nB[Fk;fBe ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w?B{z ps"o n?Z;H vhH n?ZwH sbtzvh ;kp' dh xNBk :kdnkJh j? fe T[d'A vhH;hH ;kfjp B/ fJbke/ ftu fFeko y/vD dh ;yswBkjh ehsh ;h. go T[j fJe fdB nkg jh nkgD/ e[ZM fwZsoK BkbfFeko y/vD nk rJ/. fgzv e'N pys{ d/ Bzpodko B/ T[BQK B{z dZf;nk fen?Z;HvhHn?ZwH dk j[ew j? fe fJE/ e'Jh pzdk fFeko Bk y/v/. fFeko gkoNhftu'A fe;/ fJe B/ fejk fe s{z fceo Bk eo vhH;hH ;kfjp nkg fFekoy/v oj/ jB sK T[j Bzpodko efjD bZrk fe @d/y bU GkJh! fFekoy/vDk wBQk j?. i/ s[;hA vhH;hH j' sK mhe j?, BjhA sK i/ n?Z;HvhHn?ZwH fJXonk frnk sK T[j s[jkB{z vhH;hH }o{o pDk d/T{rk.#

fJj th rZb ;wMD dh b'V j? fe fBo;zd/j fizBK n;hA @iZN wubks/ y[dk B{z b? rJ/ u'o# fij/ pD e/ ekB{zB s/ nB[Fk;B B{z Gzr eoB d/F"ehB jKl T[; s'A fes/ tZX n;hA vo{-vo'eb th jK. n;hA gqFk;B d/ S'N/s'A S'N/ eowukoh s/ fco g[fb; d/ ;G s'A S'N/ o?Ae f;gkjh nZr/ thb/bVhnK-fwzBsK eZYd/ fcod/ jK. fJ; tk;s/ i/ fes/ FfjoK s/ fgzvK d/d'-uko u"okfjnK #s/ fGqFNkukohnK s/ ekB{zB s'VB tkb/ wkV/ nB;oK B{zfpBK dZ;/-g[ZS/ d'-uko fSZso wkoB dh @;'Xk-;/tk# w[jZJhnk eotk fdZshikt/ sK d/F dh 70 ch;dh iBsk i' fe p/Yzrh ukb ub ojh j?, T[j sKnkg/ jh ;wM ikt/rh fe fJj eh GkDk tos fojk j?.

fJE/ fJe g[okDh b'e ejkDh dk f}eo eoBk pDdk j? fe fe;/ oki/B/ nkgDh fonk;s dk wkbhnk tXkT[D bJh Fkjh c[owkB ikoh eoe/w;{b bk fdZsk. p/FZe T[; B{z fJj th X[Ve{ bZrk j'fJnk ;h fe fes/ b'eT[bN jh Bk j' ikD, go id'A fe;/ B/ e'Jh T[io Bk ehsk sK T[; B/ w;{bj'o tXk fdZsk. fco th fe;/ B/ e'Jh o'j-o'; gqrN BjhA ehsk. oki/ b'eKdh ;fjDFhbsk d/yD bJh BtK j[ew ukVQ fdZsk fe j[D w;{b d/ Bkb 4

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fSZso th wko/ ikD. fJ; T[gozs b'eK B/ oki/ sZe gj[zu ehsh s/ fejkfe wjkoki w;{b BkfenK #s/ ;kvk ;wK pj[s BFN j[zdk j?l fJ; bJhfeogk eoe/ fSZso wkoB tkfbnK dh frDsh tXkJh ikt/.

fJj ejkDh ;Zuh j? iK M{mh fJj sK g[okDh rZb j?. go gzikp ftub/N'b gbkf}nK #s/ ;XkoB nkdwh dh e'jcs s/ gq/FkBh fJj j[zdh j? feg?f;nK dh e'Jh rZb BjhA, go ybQko pj[s g?Adh j?. y?o! fJ; s'A nZr/ekB{zB bkr{ eoB tkb/ foFtsy'o nfXekohnK B{z th ;'XD bJh T[BQK #s/@;'Xk-;/tk# dk rd"Vk c/oB dh p/jZd b'V j?. w/oh iku/, i/ T[Zu nfXekohy[d jh foFts b?D d/ gZy'A e'Jh wjhBk-yzv fSZeb/ gk b?D sK th iBskdk Gbk j' ;edk j?. go i/ fes/ ;oeko th oh;'-oh; pD/ foFtsy'ohd/ F"ehB eowukohnK B{z nkgDh SZso-SkfJnk dh EK fSZso-SkfJnkpyF d/t/ sK gzikp dk wjK-efbnkD j' ;edk j?.

nfij/ e[ZM e[ ekoi-siop/ n?woi?A;h t/b/ j'J/ ;B ns/ F[o{nkshekw:kph th fwbh ;h. go ;kv/ ftu'A jh pj[fsnK B/ fJ; B{z n}kdh #s/gkpzdh d/ BKn Bkb fXoeko e/ p/JhwkBK s/ ftjbVK B{z e"wh feodko s/nB[Fk;B d/ tbrD ftu nkT[D s'A pukn fbnk. go Bshi/ ti'A T[d'A s'Ab? e/ j[D sZe 30-35 ;kb s'A e"wh s/ fJybkeh gZXo #s/ i' ;kv/ u"b fuZN/j' oj/ jB, T[j d[BhnK d/ ;kjwD/ jh jB. ;r'A ed/-ed/ sK fJj th vobrdk j? fe oZp jh pyF/ fe fJj sK e[ZM th BjhA j?, jkb/ sK j'o thp?ArDh T[xVB d/ n;ko pD/ j'J/ jB. pZ; oZp fwjo jh eo/.

p/FZe nZieZbQ ;kv/ b'e ;oekoK dh ekor[}koh d/ ;pzX ftu fJe FF'gzifijh dh nt;Ek ftu'A r[}o oj/ jB fe @f:j neb e/ ;fjw/ j{J/ phwkondko/, fenk ukok-J/-Bk;k}h-J/-jkbks eo/Ar/#. fJ; bJh iBsk ftu fJep/fdbh s/ p/ftFtk;h dk wkj"b g?dk j' fojk j? fe ;oekoK eh eo ;edhnKjB s/ T[j eh eo ojhnK jB. w[okoh pkg{ tor/ ;wki ;[XkoeK dk ftukoj? fe ;oekoK tZb Bk t/y' fe T[j eh eo ;edhnK jB. B/e pzfdnK dk thftuko j? fe i' ezw ;oeko BjhA eo ;edh, T[j Gb/ pzfdnK d/;z;eko eo ;ed/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ T[BQK dk efjDk j? fe d;tzX sK eZY',go Xow ;EkBK #s/ p/FZe uVQkt/ Bk uVQkU. ;r'A b'Vtzd ftfdnkoEhnK,rohp o'rhnK s/ ngkjiK dh fBo;[nkoE ;jkfJsk eo'. Gkosh ;z;feqshftu gqG{ r[D rkT[D dh pVh nfjwhns j?. go uZb oj/ d"o/-d"oK ftu w/

440

ok fynkb fJj j? fe j[D b'eK B{z gqG{ d/ r[D rkT[D Bkb'A tZX 26-32 o[gJ/ewkT[D dk fceo pfDnk j'fJnk j?.

;kv/ d/F ftu ed/ wzfBnk iKdk ;h fe Xow s'A fpBK okiGkr BjhAub ;edk. fco okiGkr tkfbnK B/ ubd/-ubd/ Xow d/ BKn #s/ b'ekJhbJh feqgk fdqFNh dh EK fBZi ;[nkoE s/ bkbu d/ t; eo{o fdqFNh dhBhsh ngDk e/ nkgD/-nkg Bz{ XkeV s/ t?GtFkbh ;kwoki d/ ;wokN;kfps ehsk. nfij/ nkg-j[dko/ s/ p/w[jko/ nfsnkukoh okiK dh uZehftu fg; ojh goik B/ ;dhnK s'A pknd gk;k Efbnk s/ p/tjk wB[Zyh o';s/ ftdo'j d/ e[opkBhnK Go/ ;zxoFK d/ okj uZb e/ b'e wko{ okiGkrKdk gk;k gbN fdZsk.

go fco n}kdh s'A pknd E'V/ ;w/A ftu jh oitkVkFkjh d/ ibftnKs/ ntZb/ ;[nkdK B/ ;kv/ ftu'A jh u[D/ j'J/, ;kv/ jh nkr{nK Bz{ oki/-wjkoki/s/ p/ski pkdFkj pDB dh bbe-bNe bk fdZsh. fJ; tk;s/ j[D ;kv/nkgD/ jh efEs G?D-GkJh nkr{nK B/ d/F, ekb s/ gkso dh gqkuhB gzqgokdk rbs wkfJnBk-wsbp eZY e/ nkgD/ jh x'V/ GikJ/ jB. go fJ;soQK ;wki Bz{ ;ot ftnkgh fGqFNkuko d/ feZb/ Bkb pzBQ fdZsk j?. fJ;soQK j[D iBsk fJBQK d/ fJFkfonK #s/ jh bNe-wNe eodh j'Jh@bNe ebh-wNe ebh# pDh j'Jh j?. fco f;Zsw fJj j? fe iBsk dhjkJ/-je{ th fJBQK Bz{ BjhA ;[D ojhl pZ; fJj nkgDk wko{ okr tikJhiKd/ jB. pZ; okiGkrK d/ ftek; s/ ftBkF dk nc;kBk fJzBk e[ jh j?.

j[D sK ;kv/ ihtB ftu fGqFNkuko fJzBK tX frnk j? fe fJ; B{z w'VkgkT[D iK ysw eoB dk e'Jh jhbk-t;hbk jh BjhA fd;dk. ;r'A j[D sK fJ;gq;zr ftu fdb pfjbkT[D s/ wB gokT[D bJh g[Zm/-g[Zm/ fynkb th nkT[Ad/jB. iowBh dh fJe fJzNoB?FBb NoKg/o/A;h ;z;Ek dh fog'oN gVQ e/ ;z;kogZXo #s/ ;kv/ w[be ftu c?b/ fGqFNkuko dh fJe BthA f;Bc s/ f;ws dh;'Mh g?Adh j? fe j[D Gkos dk fGqFNkuko d/ Ubzfge w?dkB ftu 87tK ;EkBj?, id'A fe uhB dk 78tK s/ ;'wkbhnk dk gfjbk ;EkB j?.

fJ; bJh j[D ftnzrnkswe s"o #s/ E'Vk fijk j'o fGqFNkukohsodZd eoB dh b'V j? sK fe n;hA xZN' xZN nkgD/ fto'Xh uhB s'A sKbzx ;ehJ/. fiE'A sZe fGqFNkuko ftu Nh;h #s/ p?m/ ;'wkbhnk tor/w[beK dk ;pzX j?, T[; tk;s/ ;kB{z pZ; nkgDh wkBf;esk ftu E'Vh e[

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j'o pdfdnkBsh s/ p/JhwkBh ns/ nkgD/ ihtB d/ eko'pko ftu fwbktNs/ foFtsy'oh tXkT[D dh b'V j?. fJ; bJh ;kB{z n?t/A b'egkb, okJhNN{ ;oft; n?eN iK j'o fGqFNkukoh fto'Xh u"e;h ekB{zBK s/ u"e;hftGkrK nkfd d/ g[Zm/ gzfrnK ftu c;D dh b'V jh BjhA j?.

;r'A ;kv/ Bkb'A th fGqFN b'eK s/ d/FK B{z fJ; rZb dh ftVe-fGDebZrD s'A gfjbK jh ;kB{z fteNoh ;N?Av tZb F'jb/ g?ohA F{NK tZND dh b'Vj?. fco fGqFNkuko dh Ubzfge ftu ;kvh fiZs :ehBh j? ns/ ;kvkd[BhnK ftu tZv/ fGqFNkukoh j'D dk Ubzfge gZXo dk gfjbk ;EkB s/fyskp sK tZN #s/ jh fgnk j?. y?o! fJj sK T[; ;fEsh dh rZb j? fefi; ftu e"w dh fGqFNkuko fto[ZX izr ftu BkT[whdh s/ fBokFk Mbedhj?. iBsk pK-pKn eo ojh j?. nkgfDnK jh nkr{nK s'A szr nkJ/ b'e@fvZr e/ ghAx s'A Gkr' wo rJh, ;G o'D ehoB/ gk e/ ih# nB[;ko ehoB/o{gh o"bk-oZgk gk oj/ jB.

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Bkb'A fes/ tZX nfijh ;'u tkbk T[Zdwh w[Zy wzsoh fJ; n"y/ ezw B{z th;[y?B pDk ;edk j?. fco fJj rZb th b'j/ #s/ beho torh j? fe nfijkw[Zy wzsoh fiT[Ad/ ih jh w[esh gqkgs eoe/ nwo j' ikt/rk.

;tkwh ftt/ekBzd dk efjDk j?, @@w?B{z jo T[j fJB;kB rZdko brdkj? fijVk d/F d/ j}koK rohpK dh ehws #s/ T[Zuk o[spk jk;b eoe/ wro'AT[BQK dk e[ZM BjhA ;ztkodk.## fJ; gqEkfJ w/oh fBZih XkoBk th fJj j? feoZp jo fJe pzd/ B{z T[; d/ g{opb/ ;z;ekoK dh fB;ps ftu b'e GbkJhtk;s/ @w'jbs s/ ;woEk# fdzdk j?. go E'V/ b'e jh j[zd/ jB i' fe nkgD/;[nkoE s'A T[go T[m e/ fJ; fJbkjh pyfFF B{z go;[nkoE ftu bkT[Ad/ jB.pj[s E'V/Q b'e ihtB d/ tZy'-tZy gVktK s/ T[soktK-uVQktK d/ tyo/-tyo/ozr wkDd/ jB ns/ nkgD/ u"frod/ ftu b'eK dh y[Fh dk ;Zpp pDd/ jB.fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;odko gzSh dk wFj{o fFno j? feL-

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fBFkB/ okj fdyks/ E/ i' f;sko'A e'so; rJ/ j?A fe;h wod/ okjdK e/ bhJ/

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pZ; j[D gzikp Bz{ f;oc s/ f;oc fJe FeshtkB oki d/ gqw[Zy nkr{ dhb'V j?, i' fe @X"b/ pbd# tKr gzikp dhnK n"eVK-w[FfebK dk Gko u[eDd/ ;woE j't// feT[Afe j[D @wkoh gkgK dh Xosh yk rJh v'bk# nB[;kogzikp dh ;koh ;fEsh vktKv'b j' u[eh j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kBz{ nfij/ eowm:'X/ s/ oki gqw[Zy dh b'V j? i' fe gzikp, gzikph s/ gzikphns d/ fgnkoBkb bpo/} j't/. fco fijVk :{BkB dh gqkuhB ;fGnsk d/ wjKpbh @n?Nb;#tKrz{ Xosh Bz{ nkgD/ w'fYnK #s/ ;jko ;edk j't/ ns/ :{BkB d/ d/tfsnK d/oki/ }hn; d/ g[Zso joe[bh; tKr{z J/ihnB sp/b/ ftu 1000 gF{nK d/ 30;kb sZe fJZem/ j'J/ r'j/-rzd B{z fJe' fdB ftu j{zM ;eD dh ;woZEk oZydkj't/. fJ; tk;s/ fBo;zd/j ;kB{z j[D bhvoK dh XkV dh EK #s/ fe;/ dwdkos/ B/e fdb B/sk dh b'V j?.

gzikp d/ toswkB ;w/A d/ gq;zr ftu gzikp d/ GftZy dk fJj Gydkw;bk nfs fuzskiBe pD frnk j? fe w"i{dk d"o/-d"oK ftu gzikp dhXosh Xkofwe, ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse edoK-ehwsK d/ fBxko d/ ekoBns/ eo}kJh noEuko/ d/ p'M Bkb p'Mb j' e/ fdB-p-fdB fBxodh ikojh j?. gqwkswk eo/! ;kvk fJj gqw[Zy oki;h ofjB[wk r[o{ dk @Xosh-Xe/b f;zx# pD e/ gzikp dh ;o}whB Bz{ T[rk;k d/t/ s/ gzikphns Bz{ v'p{j'D s'A puk ;e/. gqwkswk Gbh eo/ fe gzikph e"w d/ fJj T[Zu/-;[Zu/ nehd/okfJrkB Bk ikD, ;r'A ;kv/ ;'jD/ gzikp dk fJZ}s-U-fJepkb jw/FKtKr ;dk jh ;op[bzd oj/.

444

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dh bVkJh dh uFwdhd r[nkj j?. gzikp dk fJfsjk; efjoK, }[bwK s/f;swK d/ fybkc d/F d/ wjkB pbhdkBhnK dhnK e[opkBhnK dh dk;skBj?. fJ; soQK gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftZu gsk BjhA fezB/ fdB, wjhB/ s/ ;kbnkJ/ jB, id'A fe fJfsjk; B/ y[d e"w d/ w;hjK dk nDj'fJnk xkD j[zdkt/fynk j?.

nZi d[BhnK ftu ;kvh e"wh j'Ad s/ w"i{dk n}kd j;sh r[o{nK, ghoK,e"wh FjhdK s/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK d/ sg-fsnkr s/ e[opkBhnK dh ;[oy b"n;dek j?. gzikp dh Xosh FjhdK d/ bj{ Bkb ozrh j'Jh j?. gzikphnK B{zfJj nwho fJfsjkf;e s/ ;fGnkukfoe ftok;s nkgDh r[VQsh ftu jhfwbh j'Jh j?. g[okD/ ;fwnK s'A jh n;hA nkgD/ Xkofwe s/ ;fGnkukfoefsT[jkoK s/ w/fbnK okjhA nkgD/ r[o{nK-ghoK s/ ;zsK wjkswK dh wzBskd/ Bkb Bkb nkgD/ wB d/ tbtfbnK s/ y[Fh-y/fVnK dk fJ}jko eod/nk oj/ jK. F[o{ ftZu shoE n;EkBK #s/ Xkofwe fJeZmK d/ o{g ftZufit/A fe e[zG dk w/bk, weo ;zeoKsh Gkt wkxh dk w/bk ns/ j'o w/fbnKdk gqubB j'fJnk. c/o fe;/ ftF/F fdB s/ g{ik nouBk tZi'A r[Zrk-wkVhdk w/bk iK ;{ch gqzgok nB[;ko ;{ch ;zsK d/ w}koK s/ bZrd/ w/b/ fit/A fej?do F/y dk w/bk, Sgko dk w/bk iK irokUA dh o'FBh nkfd w/b/ gqubsj'J/. gzikp d/ ftbZyD s/ wB'jo ibtk:{ nB[;ko pdbkn gqsh th fJZE'Ad/ b'eK dh nzdo{Bh y[Fh d/ gqrNkn tZi'A ft;kyh dk w/bk s/ p;zs dkw/bk nkfd dh F[o{nks j'Jh.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ irs gqf;ZX j'b/-wjZb/ dkg[op wBkfJnk iKdk j?. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ ;zB 1699 ftunBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ jh ykb;k f;oiDk ehsh ;h. fJ; T[gozs T[BQK B/gfjbh u/s ;zws 1757 B{z Gkt T[d'A d/ e?bzvo w[skfpe 22 cotoh1700 B{z j'bk-wjZbk wBkT[D dh pekfJdk F[o{nks ehsh. t?;/ sK ;qh r[o{jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ jh f;ZyK B{z F;soK dh f;ybkJh d/ e/ izrK-:[ZXKtk;s/ fsnko-po-fsnko eo fdZsk ;h. go ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp

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ih dh Fjhdh s'A pknd sK ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ f;ZyK B{z ykb;/ d/o{g ftu f;zx ;ikT[D ns/ }[bw s/ ipo d/ fybk\ ntk} T[mkT[D dhp/jZd }o{os wfj;{; ehsh. fJ; bJh T[BQK B/ f;zxK B{z w[fy s/ jfo fuZswfj i[ZX fpuko? d/ f;XKs nB[;ko ;ohfoe szdo[;sh, uVQdh ebk dk;pe d/ e/ :[ZX ebk ftu gqthB pDkfJnk.

;' f;ZyK dk fJj F'qwDh fsT[jko j'b/-wjZb/ d/ o{g ftu F[o{ j'fJnk;h. fJ; s'A fJbktk wkxh dk w/bk i' fe w[es;o ;kfjp fty/ 40w[efsnK dh p/fw;kb e[opkBh dh :kd ftu wBkfJnk iKdk j?. d;zpowjhB/ ftu Fjhdh i'V w/b/ d/ o{g ftu uwe"o ;kfjp fty/ tZv/;kfjp}kfdnK s/ f;ZyK dhnK bk;kBh FjhdhnK ns/ c/o ;qh csfjrVQ;kfjp fty/ S'NhnK fizdK d/ tZv/ ;ke/ dh :kd ftu ftu wBkJ/ iKd/ jB.uwe"o ;kfjp d/ fJBQK Fjhdh i'V w/fbnK dk ;o{g F[o{ ftu F'e ;GktKdk j[zdk ;h. dZ;d/ jB fe ;kvhnK p}[or ghVQhnK d/ nkw b'e th T[d'AfJ; jcs/ d/ d"okB pj[s jh ;ziw s/ ;zihdrh Bkb ftuod/ ;B.

gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu nB/eK jh o{j Bz{ tb{zXoD tkb/ fdb ezpkT{;ke/ j'J/ jB. ed/ tZv/ xZb{xko/ j'J/ s/ ed/ S'N/ xZb{xko/ j'J/. wk;{w s/fBod'F pZu/, p[ZfYnK s/ n"osK dk xkD j'fJnk. }[bwh ikpoK tZb'A f;ZyKd/ f;oK dk w[Zb nkB/-NfenK ftu gkfJnk frnk. fJ; soQK jh pzdkpjkdo s/ T[BQK d/ Bkb 740 woihtV/ f;zxK dk 9 i{B 1716 B{z fJejcsk esb/nkw ehsk frnk. fJBQK ;kfonK ;kfenK d/ fgZS/ ikpojkew-jZfsnkfonK dh wBFk sK f;oc f;ZyK d/ e"wh xkD s/ B;be[Fhdh ;hl go XzB f;Zyh fijVh fe }[bw s/ f;sw ;fjzdh j'Jh th otK-dtKojh j?, fit/A fejk frnk j? feL-

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446

w[dBh s/ c/o{ Ffjo dhnK eowtko 18 d;zpo s'A 25 d;zpo 1845 s/ fconkbhtkb T[gozs 10 cotoh 1846 B{z ;GokT[A dhnK bVkJhnK d/ o{g ftuj'fJnk. fi; Bkb f;Zy oki sK ;ko/ fjzd';skB d/ Bkb r[bkwh dh ieV ftunk jh frnk, go fJ; d/ Bkb jh Fjhd ;qL Fkw f;zx nNkoh tkbk tor/nB/eK woihtV/ d/F Grs ;kE'A ;dk bJh ftSV rJ/.

fJBQK ;ko/ e"wh ;kfenK dk ;ko e"w d/ w'johnK s/ i[Mko{nK tZb'Ad/F, Xow s/ e"w d/ bJh nkgDk ;G e[M fBSkto eoB ti'A jh gqrNj[zdk j?. go nc;'; j? fe n;hA nkgD/ e"wh fJfsjk; d/ ouDjko/e[opkBh d/ g[ziK B{z fJ; jZd sZe G[Zb rJ/ jK fe fJBQK fdBK ftu id'A n;hAfJj ;ke/ wBkT[Ad/ jK sK T[; d/ Bkb jh n;hA y[FhnK Goh feq;fw; nkgD/e"wh w;hfjnK B{z G[b e/ wBk oj/ j[zd/ jK. pZ; fes/-fes/ f;ocfrDsh-fwDsh d/ gzikph jh nkgD/ FjhdK gqsh dod s/ ;zt/dBk Bkb e'JhrZb-eZE oj/ j[zd/ jB.

nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe gfjbh rZb sK n;hA fJei[ZN s/fJew[Zm j' e/ f;Zyh f;XKs iK fJfsjk; dh rZb jh BjhA eo oj/. fcogkN'-XkV ftu i/ e'Jh rZb eo th fojk j? sK T[j fJT[A j' ojh j? fe;Zi/ jZE B{z gsk jh BjhA fe yZpk jZE eh eo fojk j?< j[D sZe fJ; dkwkVk Bshik fJj j'fJnk j? fe fJBQK fJfsjkf;e xNBktK dhnKw[Fe-ec{o s/ fJso-c[b/bh ;[rzXhnK B{z n;hA g"DK tKr{z ;z;ko ftu BjhAc?bk ;e/. ;r'A fJ; d/ T[bN n;hA ;G B/ Fskpdh ;wko'jK dhnK ;[rzXhnKB{z jZE'-jZEhA ec{o eo fdZsk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu tZv/ ;kfjp}kfdnK s/r[o{ ;ztko/ f;Zy :'fXnK dh :kd ftu T[;koh ikD tkbh :kdrko Ehwgkoe uwe"o ;kfjp fJ; dh w{zj p'bdh fw;kb j?, i' fe eKro;;oeko t/b/ F[o{ j'Jh go j[D sZe th nX{oh jh yVQh j?. ;r'A T[j ;ko/f;Zy ;wki tk;s/ Fow dk pkfJ; pD u[eh j? fe fJE'A o/sk, pioh, fJZNKs/ ;ohnk :kBh T[;koh dk ;kok ;wkB th y[od-p[od jh j' frnk j?.

j[D ;[nkb fJj j? fe eh e"wh Fjhd s/ :'X/ f;nk;s s'A gq/foseKro;h iK nekbh j[zd/ jB< fJ; tk;s/ nkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK B{z tzvDdh fJj f;nk;s s/ Fokos Gog{o eos{s e"w tk;s/ v[Zp woB tkbh rZbpD rJh j?. ;dj?c Gkt ;" tkoh nc;'; eoB tkbh rZb j? fe n;hA

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;kfjp}kfdnK s/ uwe"o d/ FjhdK ns/ j'o nB/eK e"wh FjhdK B{z nkgDh@f;nk;s dh n?Be# ftu'A jh t/y oj/ jK. j'o th nc;'; dh rZb fJjj? fe n;hA j[D Fjhdh i'V w/fbnK B{z f;nk;sh ozr swkfFnK d/ w/b/ jhpDk fbnk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu e"w B{z pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB dh b'V j?fe gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu d' pj[s d[yKs Gog{o jcs/ nkJ/ jB. gfjbkjcsk 18 d;zpo s'A 26 d;zpo 1705 sZe phfsnk, id'A fe ;kfjp ;qhr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh fgnkoh nBzdg[oh SZvh s/ nkgD/ bZys/-firo tZv/ s/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK s/ wksk r[ioh ih dhnK gqkD nj{shnKBkb d[BhnK d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJe'-fJe gfjbh d/ nyhobh ;opz;dkB:Zr ;zg{oB ehsk ;h. fco d{ik jcsk 18 d;zpo s'A 22 d;zpo 1845B{z j[D sZe gfjb/ s/ nyhob/ f;Zy ;woki r[nkuD ti'A gzikphnK d/ gZb/fgnk. T[d'A n?Arb'-f;Zy izr dhnK w[dZeh s/ c/o{ Ffjo dhnK gfjbhnK d'bVkJhnK ftu ;kvh nkgDh c[ZN ns/ f;Zy c"i d/ nkr{ v'ro/ bkb f;zxs/ s/i f;zx dh rZdkoh eoe/ Fkj w[jzwd d/ FpdK ftu @c"iK fiZs e/ nzsB{z jkohnK# ;B. p/FZe ;qa Fkw f;zx nNkohtkb/ tor/ j}koK woihtfVnKB/ 10 cotoh ;GoktK dh bVkJh sZe gzikp dh fJ; ebw{zjh jko B{z o'ehoZfynk, go T[BQK dhnK p/fw;kb FjhdhnK d/ Bkb jh gzikp d/ f;Zy okidk nzs j' frnk.

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448

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fJ; soQK jh n?sehA 31 d;pzo 2011 Bz{ @e"w d/ pkg{ ih# d;w/Ffgsk ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih dk gqekF T[s;t ;h. pZ; e[ZMfrDsh-fwDsh d/ pzfdnK B/ jh fJ; gktB g[op #s/ fJe d{i/ Bz{ tXkJhd/ ;zd/F fdZs/ j'Dr/. go nrb/ fdB 1 iBtoh 2012 Bz{ Bt/A ;kb dhnKtXkJhnK d/D ykso d[BhnK fJT{A T[sktbh-ewbh j'Jh fcodh ;h fefit/A fJj @;kvh p/p/# dk iBw fdB j't/. j'o rZbK sK SZv', j[D j'o thd[ydkJh rZb fJj j' rJh j? fe Fjhdh i'V w/fbnK dhnK F'e ;GktK;w/A ed/ d[Zy ftu u[ZbQ/ nZr BjhA ;h gkJh iKdhl go j[D phs/ eZbQ dhrwrhB ejkDh, nZi ;kv/ ozr-swkF/ nfs jk;'-jhDh ns/ iZr j;kJhtkbh pks pD rJh j?. fJ; soQK d/ e'M/ gfoubD ftu'A ;kvh wkVhwkBf;esk fJT[A MkshnK wko ojh j[zdh j? fe fit/A ;oekoK s/ yk; eoe/gzE fjs?Fh ;oekoK th Fokp s/ j'o nbZw-rbZw BfFnK Bkb w/b/ nkJ/nkgD/ b'eK s/ t'NoK dk rw rbs eoB bJh fceowzd j'D.

449

fco f;sw dh rZb fJj th j? fe fJfsjkf;e Fjhd i'V w/fbnK d/;w/A fJBQK w/fbnK Bkb ;pzXs fJfsjkf;e BroK ftu Fokp s/ j'o BF/eoB dh wBkjh d/ j[ew ikoh ehs/ j[zd/ jBl go dhdk-dkfBFsk b'efJBQK j[ewK dhnK XZihnK T[vk oj/ j[zd/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ ;oeko s/ gqFk;B@uZb j'T{# torh x/;b wkoe/ nkBzd-wzrb p?m/ j[zd/ jB. p/FZe Bshi/ti'A nZi e"w dk jo pFo fceowzd j? fe ;kvhnK B"itkB ghVQhnKfJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko d/ gy'A fejV/ n"M[V okj s[ohnK ik ojhnK jB<go n;hA ed/ fJ; ;zihdrh Bkb ;'funk jh BjhA fe ;kvh w"i{dk j'Ad s/j;sh ns/ ]k; s"o #s/ ;kvh nk}kdh f;o\ s/ f;o\ ;kv/ FjhdK-w[ohdKdhnK e[opkBhnK ;dek jh j?.

]?o! f;Zy wZs dhnK FskpdhnK wBkT[D d/ ;zdoG ftu @Fpd r[o{# ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh 300 ;kbk Fskpdh gzikp s/ wjkokFNo ftuekod' w[ZbK ftu w[orh tk;s/ bVkJh iK g/e/ s/ ;j[fonK ftu sBk}/ d/ ;wkBpD rJh. y?o! wzBDk gt/rk fe Xoksbh gZXo #s/ i' ekoi s/ GtB fBowkD;qh j}{o ;kfjp BKd/V fty/ j'fJnk j?, T[j n;hA gzikp dhnK ;kohnKFskpdhnK d/ e[Zb jk;b ti'A th BjhA eo ;e/. go fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kvhnzdo'A-nzdoh nkg;h d{oh s/ d[BhnK #s/ e'Jh uzrk gqGkt BjhA gkfJnk.

nkw b'e th e[M ;wK gfjbK sZe ;kfjp}kfdnK dh Fjhdh dh :kdB{z F'e ;GktK ti'A wBkT[Ad/ j[zd/ ;B. fJBQK gzi-;Zs fdBK d/ d"okB b'ewzfinK #s/ BjhA ;B ;"Ad/ ns/ e[M e[ FoXkb{ sK u[ZfbQnK ftu nZr th BjhAgkT[Ad/ ;B. id'A fe j[D d[ydkJh rZb fJj j? fe ;w/A-;w/A dhnK ;oekoKB/ dko{-f;Ze/ d/ m/e/ mzY/ ib dhnK SphbK tKr bk oZy/ jB. fco j'of;sw dh rZb fJj j? fe fJBQK fJfsjkf;e Fjhd i'V w/fbnK d/ ;w/A;pzXs fJfsjkf;e BroK ftu T[E'A d/ fvgNh efwFBoK tZb'A Fokp s/j'o BF/ eoB dh wBkjh d/ j[ew ikoh ehs/ j[zd/ jB. go dhdk-dkfBFskb'e fJBQK j[ewK dhnK XZihnK T[vk oj/ j[zd/ jB s/ ;kok gqFk;BikD-p[ZM e/ p/]po fijk pfDnk ofjzdk j?.

e[M pj[sk ;wK gfjbK dh rZb BjhA j? fe fJBQK F'e ;GktK dk o{gtXdh npkdh s/ tXdhnK ;zrsK d/ ekoB tZv/ Fjhdh i'V w/fbnK ftZuspdhb j' frnkl go fco th fJBQK Fjhdh i'V w/fbnK ftu Xkofwe

450

i}pk jh gqXkB fojk j?. fJBQK w/fbnK #s/ YkvhnK, ethFoK s/ rtzsohnKd/ nykV/ bZrd/ ;B, fiE/ fe T[j f;oc Xkofwe s/ pho o;h XkoBk d/r"D jh b'eK B{z ;[DkT[Ad/ ;B. fJBQK Xkofwe ;N/iK s'A okiBhsh dh rZbiK sK j[zdh jh BjhA ;h s/ i/ e'Jh eodk th ;h sK T[j pZ; fJFkok wksojh j[zdh ;h.

id'A fe j[D ;kv/ nkr{ Xow-eow dh sK rZb pZ; T[Zvdh-T[Zvdh jheod/ jB s/ T[BQK d/ GkFDK ftu okiBhsh s'A fpBK e'Jh j'o rZb jh BjhAj[zdh. ;kv/ bhvoK B/ Fjhdh i'V w/fbnK s/ gktB g[opK B{z j[D g'bhNhebekBcoz;K ftu pdb fdsk j?. tZy-tZy gkoNhnK B{z e/Ado d/ fdZbh s/dZyD sZe d/ tZv/-tZv/ bhvo nkgDh tkjo ti'A wdd bJh p[bkJ/ j[zd/ jBfe fit/A 18thA ;dh ftu xZb{xkfonK ;w/A e"w dh n"yh xVh ftu nk;-gk; d/ fJbkfenK d/ tZv/ iE/dkoK B{z wdd bJh p[bkfJnk iKdk ;h. T[BQKd/ okiBhfse GkFDK s/ ftfynkBK s'A gfjbK ny"sh izrh w?dkB fsnkoeoB bJh tZv/-tZv/ ;N/ih ebkekoK B{z rkT[D bJh p[bkfJnk iKdk j?.

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451

yVQd/ jB fe fit/A e'Jh g[okD/ ;fwnK d/ siopkeko p[ZY/ ioB?b n"y/;w/A ftu izr dh ewkB ;zGkbD bJh nkT[Ad/ j[zd/ ;B. fJBQK e"wh fsT[jkoKs/ gktB g[opK #s/ ;G s'A pknd fJe-d' xzfNnK bJh e"w d/ w[yhnK s/ w[ZywfjwkBK dh nkwd j[zdh j?. nkgD/ jh xo fJBQK nkr{nK dk g{o/ ;oekohbkw-bFeo Bkb nkT[Dkl fe;/ FkfJo d/ FpdK ftu @jwko/ nkB/ ek nzdk}d/yhJ/ fe ngB/ jh xo w/A wfjwK pB e/ nkJ/ j?A# tKr ikgdk j?.

]?o! fco ;kv/ okiBhse nkr{ ;j[z ykD wkso nkgD/ ftfynkB d/gfjb/ gzi e[ fwzN FjhdK dh e[opkBh B{z ;wofgs eod/ jB ns/ pkndftZu seohpB 25-30 fwzN jo S'Nk-tZvk p[bkok nkgDhnK okiBhsegqkgshnK dh T[;fss eoB ftZu jh bkT[Adk j?. fijV/ okiBhfse nkr{pkeh ;{fpnK s/ e/Ado s'A nkT[Ad/ jBl T[BQK ftu'A pj[fsnK Bz{ f;Zy fJfsjk;s/ ;fGnkuko dh e'Jh f}nkdk tkechns BjhA j[zdh. fJj nkr{ feT[Afe;kv/ Xkofwe s/ Fjhdh g[opK #s/ nkJ/ j[zd/ jB, fJ; bJh T[BQK B{z nkgDhozrs d/D bJh e[M e[ bhvoK d/ f;o #s/ grVh Xo e/ s/ p'b/ ;' fBjkbdk i?ekok f;yk e/ p[sk ;ko fbnk iKdk j?. fJBQK ftu'A e[M e[ B{z gzikpd/ fJfsjk; dh ;ZuhA-w[ZuhA ;'Mh j[zdh j?. go T[j th gzikp d/ nzdo{BhekN'-eb/F s'A pj[s/ tkec Bk j'D eoe/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B{z ikD/-nDikD/ @pho p?okrh# jh efjzd/ ofjzd/ jB. fJE'A sZe fe T[j f;Zy e"wB{z fJj th dZ; iKd/ jB fe fJj p?okrh ;kX{ dZyD s'A f;ZyK B{z pukT[DbJh nkfJnk ;h.

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seohpB jo fJe p[bko/ tZb'A fJe-d{i/ dh gkoNh d/ nkr{nK T[gofpBK fe;/ sfj}hp s/ fpBK fe;/ swh} d/ GkFDK, fpnkBK s/ sc;fonK

452

okjhA rzd ;[ZfNnk iKdk j?. Gkt/A nzdo'A-nzdoh iBsk B{z fJj th gsk j[zdkj? fe fJj ne;o bhvoK d/ u'Aub/ jz[d/ jB. n;b ftu nzdoyks/ s?nehs/ fJ; @fwZm/ x'b# Gkt fwbhG[rs Bkb bV/ dzrb d/ pkti{d th fJBQKbhvoK dh fJe-d{i/ Bkb nkVQs ubdh ofjzdh j?. T[Xo iBsk f;nk;sd/ BK #s/ u'DK s'A fes/ pkd sZe th nkg; ftu vKr-;'Nh j[zdh ofjzdh j?.iBsk fco g{o/ gzik ;kb se jkoh j'Jh fJe gkoNh d/ t'No yfwnk}kG[rsd/ jB ns/ nrb/ gzi ;kb d{ih gkoNh d/ b'e wip{oh s/ bkukoh dk;zskg G'rd/ ofjzd/ jB. r'osbp j? fe ;kv/ nkr{nK d/ ezw ed/ o[e/ BjhA,ftnkj-FkdhnK s/ rwh d/ w"fenK #s/ fJj b'e ;wkfie pzXBK eoe/fJeZm/ fd;d/ jB. e[M e[ sK f;nkD/ nkr{ oks-poks/ th fJe-d{i/ Bkbv{zxhnK rZbK, w{zj-w[bkj}/ s/ fbjk}K gkbd/ ;[D/ rJ/ jB.

pfjojkb! Fjhdh w/fbnK s/ Fjhdh ekBcoz;K ;w/A sK ne;o d/yDftu nkfJnk j? fe f;nk;h gkoNhnK fJe-d{i/ dh Nzr fyZuD s/ fmZphwkoB fijk Gdoekok jh eodhnK jB. fJBQK Fjhdh i'V-w/fbnK dhnK;N/iK f;nk;h p[bkfonK dh ny"sh ftdtsk dh pZb/-pZb/ eokT[D dk jh;kXB pDdhnK jB. nc;'; dh rZb j? fe fJBQK Xkofwe ;N/iK s'A p;i' wo}h p'bh ikT[ ns/ fco ;Zu s/ M{m d/ e[bkp/ fwbk e/ fit/A ukj'fJfsjk; Bz{ fwfEjk; pDkT[Ad/ ikT[l fe;/ Bz{ e'Jh gotkj jh BjhA j?. p;;kv/ b'e th wzso-w[rX j' e/ G[Zb iKd/ jB fe T[j FjhdK dhnKe[opkBhnK B{z Bs-w;se j'D nkJ/ j'J/ jBl Bk fe T[j nkgD/ nkr{nKdh pZb/-pZb/ s/ Fktk-Fktk eoB bJh nkJ/ jB.

wzfBnk fe ;kv/ b'e sK beho d/ ceho jB, fJBQK nZr/ fit/A wo}hpz;oh tikJh ub' s/ fJBQK Bz{ vwo{ #s/ BukJh ikT[. go fJ; ;{os ftu;kv/ Xkofwe s/ f;nk;h nkr{nK B{z nkg jh ;'Mh j'Dh ukjhdh j? fe T[jfe; soQK dk nfrnkBsk Gog{o gquko eo e/ e"w dh ;/tk d/ BK #s/ e"wd/ fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko Bkb fybtkV eo oj/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/nkr{nK Bz{ f;Zyh dk \b;\k ;zGkbD s/ gqukoB ykfso ;kvh fJe b'ef;nkDg @uzr/-uzr/ tuB eo' tho ;[Dd/ dkVQhnK tkb/# B{z ;wMD-ftukoBdh nfsnzs b'V j?.

w[Zedh rZb fJe j'o fJj j? fe j[D Fjhdh i'V w/b/ th p?AeK dhnKpoKuK tKr{z t'N p?AeK dhnK poKuK s/ dcsoK tKr jh tos/ ikD bZr gJ/

453

jB. fJBQK ;ko/ eko/-eos{sK s/ ny"sh ekoBkfwnK fgZS/ fJe gkoNh tb'Ae[o;h dh u"Xo B{z ;zGkbD s/ poeoko oZyD bJh }'o bZrk j[zdk j? ns/fto'Xh gkoNh dk ;kok fXnkB rZdh dh w[V gqkgsh d/ n"jV-g"jV ftubZrk j[zdk j?. fJ; soQK wkxh s/ ft;kyh d/ w/fbnK #s/ fJe pdb, d'pdb, fszB pdb fco gsk BjhA fezB/ pdb s/ fezBhnK ozr s/ fezBhnKpdozr oki;h y/vK y/vhnK iKdhnK jB.

j[D fij/ jh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ n;hA ;z;ko gqf;ZX j'bk-wjZbkX{w-Xkw Bkb wBkfJnk j?, T[E/ Xow dk rZck xZN tofsnk j?, gof;nk;s dk toskok pj[sk tofsnk j?. oki;h gkoNhnK B/ fJe-d{i/ #s/ozr-r[bkb dh BjhAl ;r'A fuZeV dh toyk ehsh j?. uwe"o ;kfjp,csfjrVQ ;kfjp Fjhdh i'V w/b/ j[zd/ jB, T[E/ th n;hA fJj jheVQh-eu{o x'bd/ jK. uwe"o ;kfjp fty/ Ehw gkoe e?gNB nwfozdof;zx B/ F[o{ ehsk, go fJj T[BQK d/ ;w/A w[ezwb BjhA j' ;fenk. T[BQK s'Apknd nkgD/ nkg B{z gzEe ejkT[Adh ;oeko B/ b'eK dh wzr d/ pkti{dth gsk BjhA fejVh wip{oh d/ ekoB fJ; B{z w[ezwb BjhA eo ;eh.fJBQK B{z g[ZSD tkbh rZb j? fe eh ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB, ;kfjp}kd/ s/ Fjhdf;zx fe;/ oki;h gkoNh Bkb ;pzX oZyd/ ;Bl fe fi; eoe/ T[j j[D;kvhnK oki;h feVQK dk fFeko j' oj/ jB<

fJ; gqEkfJ fJe fw;kb j? fe fijVk ezw fjzd{ eod/ jB, T[jh ezww[;bwkB nkgD/ jh Yzr-sohe/ Bkb eod/ jB. n;hA ;ko/ jZE j/mK B{zeoe/ X'Ad/ jK go w[;bwkB jZE T[sKj B{z eoe/ gkDh e{jDhnK tZb B{ztrkT[Ad/ jB. pZ; nfijk e[ZM jh j[D ;kv/ ;wki ftu tZy-tZy oki;hgkoNhnK d/ Bkw #s/ tkgo fojk j?.

fJ; soQK jh fw;kb ti'A w[es;o ;kfjp fty/ w[es/-whBko 2005ftu pfDnk. fJ; d/ pDB tkb/ ;EkB s/ Bkw dh u'D dk fto'Xh fXo tb'Atkt/bk j'fJnk. id'A fJj whBko pD frnk j? sK ;oekoh eufjohnK d/fpbe[Zb Bkb brdk j'D d/ pkti{d th j[D fJj ;KG ;zGkb d/ gZy'A p[o/jkb s/ p"Ae/-fdjkV/ j?. pZ; j[D pZ;K ftu T[E'A dh bzxd/ j'J/ b'e fJ; d/doFB-dhdko/ eod/ jB. go T[Xo ;kv/ nkr{ fJBQK FjhdK d/ fdB-fdjkV/ wBkT[Ad/ j'J/, FjhdK dh Fjkds d/ ;zdoG ftu nkgDh FoXk dhnK

454

NkjoK wkod/ j'J/, ne;o fJj sK efjzd/ jB fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgD/FjhdK B{z G[Zb iKdhnK jB, T[j th ysw j' iKdhnK jB. go T[j fe; w{zjBkb efjzd/ jB, fJj sK T[BQK dk y[dk s/ ;kv/ ;w[Zu/ ;wki dk dhB-fJwkBjh ikD/.

y?o! i/ ;kvhnK ;oekoK s/ ;z;EktK ftZu j'o th r"osbp j? fe e"whgZXo #s/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ yzv/-pkN/ B[wk @ykb;k fwBko# pDkT[D dk;zebg th nX{ok jh ofj frnk j?. ;kvh fJ; fJfsjk;e e[skjh d/ fgS/pVk p/j{dk fijk ekoB fJj ;h fe yzv/ dk pb/v T[skj ofynk ikt/ iKj/mK B{z ofynk ikt/< fJj Fokosh fijh SS{zdo fJe ny"sh fij/p[Xhihth y?oytkj B/ SZvh ;h. go d[BhnK ikDdh j? fe fJ; ykb;kfwBko dk gqshe fJj yzvk sK nZi sZe Bk sK f;ZXk s/ Bk jh g[Zmk bZr;fenk j?. go T[; @iBkp p[Xhihth np[ZX ih# dh ;[nkoE g{osh d/ T[b{eJh tko f;ZX/ j'J/' jB ns/ j[D sZe fezBh tkoh jh bkb;k dhnK BodKZg[ZmhnK g? e/ T[; d/ T[Zb{-pkN/ w{ZX/ th ti u[Ze/ jB.

pfjojkb ! feZ;k-e'sk fJ; gq;zr ftu ;fwnK s'A gzikp dh fJeb'e p'bh gquZfbs j? fe @w/bk d/ydhJ/ w[fNnko/ w/bk s?B{z d/ydk#. gofJE/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;zihdrh Bkb ;wMD-ftukoB dh b'V j? fe j[D;kv/ tofrnK tk;s/ fJ; b'e p'bh dk w{zj-w[jKdok e[ZM fJT[A j' frnkj? fe @@w/bk t/ydhU ;oeko'l s[jkB{z j? r[o{ t/ydk##. pfjojkb, i/ fJj'e[ZM s/ fJT[A jh j[zdk fojk sK oZp ikD/ ;kv/ FjhdK dhnK FjhdhnK s/e[opkBhnK feXo ikDrhnK ns/ feXo ikt/rk ;kvk FkBk-wZsk gzikphfto;k s/ ;fGnkuko< p; oZp fwjo eo/. tkfjr[o{ d/ xo nodk;-p/Bsh j? fe Fkbk! ;kvk ;w[Zuk gzikph ;wki fJ; gZy'A ;[wZs s/ ;'Mh d/ xonk ;e/.

455

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;kv h wjkBsw nfXnksfwe, Xkofwe s / Fjhdh ftok;s;w[Zuh gzikphns e'b nfXnkfswe, Xkofwe s/ FjkdsK dh ftok;s

d/ pV/ tZv/ nDw'b Gzvko/ jB. gzikphnK e'b ;'jD/ gzikp d/ ;fGnkuko,;kfjs, e"wh ;g{sK s/ FjhdK dh ftok;s d/ pj[s jh Gog{o fJfsjkf;e]}kB/ jB. fco gzikp e'b f;zX xkNh dh ;fGnsk s'A b? e/ j[D sZe dh;kvh ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko d/ d[BhnK Bkb'A fJzB/ nZvo/ s/ftbZyD ]}kB/ jB fe fiBQK dh Bk:kp d"bs dh pd"bs gzikph e"w ;z;koGo dhnK F'qwDh e"wK ftu f;ow"o j?. gzikphnK B/ Xosh B{z g;hB/ Bkbf;zfink j? s/ oDG{wh B{z bj{ Bkb r'fJnk-r[zfBQnk j?. gzikp d/ b'e-ihtBdh y{B-g;hBk fJe eo d/D dh w[ZY-edhwh otkfJs ;dek gzikph ;dks'A jh fwjBsh feo;kD s/ iKpk} f;gkjh ;kfps j'J/ jB.

gzikp dh ;o}whB dk uZgk-uZgk FjhdK d/ bj{ Bkb f;zfink s/ozfrnk j'fJnk j?. fJE'A dk fJe th fgzv s/ Bro nfijk BjhA j't/rk fefi; B/ e"wh ;t?wkD s/ d/F dh okyh bJh fe;/ Bk fe;/ ;w/A e'Jh :'rdkBBk gkfJnk j't/. gzikp d/ fJfsjk; d/ gzB/ wjKGkos ekb s/ fco g'o;-f;ezdo d/ ;w/A s'A b? e/ f;Zy ekb s/ n}kdh ;zrokw ns/ j[D sZe d/;zxoFh :'fXnK s/ FjhdK d/ bj{ dh @;[o] b'n# Bkb ;oFko s/ T[ikrojB. fJj fJe ;Zuh-;[Zuh wkBsk j? fe Fjhd dh w"s T[; dh e"w dhj:ks j[zdh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJe wzBh-gqwzBh irs gqf;X XkoBk j?fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK, g[ofynK s/ FjhdK Bz{ G[bkfdzdhnK jB, T[j e"wK nkg th ;\k j;sh s'A fwN iKdhnK jB.

r"osbp j? fe fJfsjk; fbyD d/ ;zdoG ftu ne;o jh n;hA fJjefjzd/ jK fe n;hA fJfsjk; f;ofink sK j?, go fby BjhA ;e/. fJ;dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kvh e"w jw/FK jh r[bkwh dhnK }z}hoK eZND bJhid'-ifjd s/ ;zxoFK ftu gJh ojh j? ns/ fJ; s'A fJbktk ^?o w[behj[ewokBK B/ ;kB{z n}kdkBk B}ohJ/ s'A ed/ th nkgDk fJfsjk; s/ ;kfjsf;oiD dk w"ek-wkj"b jh BjhA fdZsk.

fJ; gq;zr ftu fJe pj[s }o{oh rZb ;wMD tkbh fJj th j? fefe;/ th ftnesh dk feodko fJzBK E'Ek BjhA j[zdk fe T[; B{z p/eko

456

;wfMnk ikt/, ;r'A gZSV/ fgS'eV tkb/ S'N/ b'e nkgDh nDgSksh iZdftu'A T[m e/ nkgD/ feodko dh Fesh Bkb fJfsjk; Bz{ nZr/ fyZu e/toswkB ekb ftu fbnkT[Ad/ jB. fJj jh T[j b'e jB i' fJfsjk;pDkT[Ad/ jB. pV/ xZN b'e nkgDhnK ^bshnK s'A e[ZM f;Zyd/ jB, gookiBhfse xZN jh f;Zyd/ jB feT[Afe T[j wfonkdk, ekB{zB s/ }kps/ d/ekfJb jh BjhA j[zd/. fJ; bJh jh ed/-ed/ T[j ;wki bJh B[e;kBd/j;kfps j[zd/ jB.

fJ; ;{os/-jkb ftu fBo;zd/j ;kvk fJfsjk; sK fbfynk frnk j?,go fdb #s/ gZEo oZy e/ efjD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe Gkos wK d/ fiBQK;g{sK B{z n;hA d/F Grs Fjhd s/ b'e-BkfJe wzBd/ jK, T[BQK B{z jh r?o-w[beh j[ewokBK B/ ftdo'jh s/ nZstkdh rodkfBnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ j[D;kBz{ nkgD/ fJfsjkf;e fto;/ s/ ;fGnkuko dh e"wh ftok;s Bz{ ;jh s"o#s/ ikBD, gSkBD, ;wMD ns/ fco ;zGkbD dh nfsnzs b'V j?. fcofJ; s'A nZr/ e"wh gZXo #s/ ;kB{z fJfsjkf;e s/ ;fGnkukfoe gZy'A nkgD/fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;jh gfog/y ftu fbnk e/ d[BhnKftu BFo eoB s/ gq;koD dh p/jZd }o{os j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ ;G s'A gfjbK ;kB{z nkgDh w[ZYbh wkBf;esk B{z pdbD ns/nkgDh fJfsjkf;e, ;kfjse s/ ;fGnkukfoe ;'u dh rokoh B{z ;?ZN eoBdh b'V j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu f;ZXh rZb fJj j? fe n;hA gzikphfdB-g[o-fdB d/ nXko #s/ nkgDh i{B G'rd/ s/ f}zdrh fiT[Ad/ jK. fJ;bJh @fijVk fdB bzx frnk T[jh Gbk# efj e/ e'Jh th gzikph ;"A iKdk j?.fco nrbh ;t/o B{z fpBK wsbp jh nkgD/ nkg B{z gkN/ yK ;wM e/ jogzikph d[BhnK Bkb w'Y/ x;kT[Adk fcodk j?. w[Zedh rZb! gzikphnK B/ fpp/e-p[ZXh dh EK nkgD/ v"b/-gZfmnK dh skes B{z jw/FK jh soihj fdZsh j?.fJ; tk;s/ jh gzikphnK dh Fesh s/ pjkdoh dh sK jw/FK uVQs ojh j?,go nebwzdh gZy'A d[BhnK ftu ;kvk fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko ;jhwkfJnfBnK ftu T[ikro BjhA j' ;fenk.

fJ; s'A fpBK id'A e'Jh frnkBh ;ZiD fe;/ gzikph B{z okj/-ok;s gkT[Dtk;s/ e'Jh gs/ dh rZb dZ;dk th j? sK @uZb j'T{ nkgK B{z eh# s/ fco @e"DikD/ ghV gokJh# fijh r?o-e[dosh wkBf;esk ;kv/ ;fjzd/ s/ yKd/-ghAd/

457

;wki #s/ ne;o jh jkth j' iKdh j?. fJ; bJh gzikphnK d/ Go/-Ge[zB/ fYZvKs'A T[gih nfijh ;'u dk ;w[Zuh gzikphns B{z fJe tZvk B[e;kB fJj j'fJnkj? fe n;hA fJzB/ tXhnk ;fGnkukfoe fto;/-ftok;s d/ wkbe j'D d/pkti{d th ;z;ko d/ ;fGnkukfoe wzu #s/ d[BhnK Bkb'A nbZr-EbZr p?m/ jK.nkgDh fuoK dh r[bkw wkBf;esk d/ ekoB n;hA nkgDh g[oksB ;z;feqsh,FkBkwZs/ fJfsjk; s/ wkDwZs/ ;fGnkuko Gkt ;G e[M j[zd/-;[zd/ th :shw s/nDj'J/ fij/ jh fd;d/-Gk;d/ jK.

gzikph ;fGnsk dh fJe otkBh j?, fi; B{z n;hA ;dhnK s'A nu/s wBd/ okjhA gzikph fto;/ ti'A fbnk j?. n;hA j[D fJ; ;fGnkuko B{z Bt/AfrnkB s/ seBheK dh u/szBsk Bkb fwbk e/ nZr/ GftZy B{z ;"Ag oj/ jK.fJ; tk;s/ ;G j'o ek;/ s'A gfjbK nkgD/ fto;/-ftok;s s/ ;fGnkukodh Bhsh, gzikph GkFk B{z bkr{ eoB dh Bhsh, f;Zfynk Bhsh s/ ftfdnegqDkbh d/ YKu/ B{z @d/F s/ ekb# d/ ;zdoG ftu w[V s'A ;jh gfog/y ftufbnkT[D dh b'V j?. go nc;'; dh rb j? fe gzikp ;oeko n}kdh s'A65 ;kb pknd s/ yk; eoe/ gzikph ;{pk pDB s'A j[D sZe 45 ;kbK ftuth e'Jh fBFfus s"o #s/ @j?ohN/i n?Av ebuob gkfb;h# Gkt @ftok;ss/ ;fGnkuko# dh e'Jh Bhsh fBoXkfos BjhA eo ;eh.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kv/ e"wh ofjpoK s/ d/F Grs ;g{sK dh ftok;sd/ Bk:kp ;owkJ/ s/ ;kv/ ;fGnkuko dh p/Fehwsh d"bs B{z gfjbK y[dikBD s/ fco nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK bJh ;zGkbD dh pj[s jh nfjw}o{os j?. fJ; bJh e"wh gZXo #s/ gfjbK nkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK s/fco d[BhnK B{z nkgDh fJ; ;fGnkukfoe d"bs pko/ dZ;D dk ;kvk ;Gdk ftneshrs s/ ;w{fje s"o #s/ co} pDdk j?. fJ; gqEkfJ nkgDhfJ; FkBdko ftok;sh Xo'jo B{z nZr/ ;z;ko ftu g;koD-gq;koD tk;s/;r'A ;kvhnK ;oekoK, Xkofwe ;z;EktK s/ ftfdne ;z;EktK dk sK fJjj'o th nfjw s/ gfjbk eoZst pDdk j?.

bk;kBh s/ bk\kBh nfXnksfwe s / Xkofwe ftok;sL-

;kv/ e'b Xkofwe Xo'jo ti'A t?fde ekb d/ ;w/A gzikp dh Xosh #s/fby/ rJ/ fort/d, ;kwt/d, :i[ot/d s/ nEott/d, 108 T[gfBFd, 18g[okD, Fo[shnK, ;wfoshnK s/ rhsk T[gd/F fij/ nB/eK nfXnksfwe,

458

Xkofwe s/ fJfsjkf;e frnkB d/ ;w[zdo o{gh ;'w/ w"i{d jB. fco gzikpftu Grsh ekb d/ ;w/A 15thA ;dh ftu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ }j{oBkb fJe BthA jh Xkofwe s/ ;wkfie eqKsh dh F[o{nks j'Jh. fco ;qhr[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh pkDh s'A b? e/ ;qh r[o{ nzrdd/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih, ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih s/ ;zsK s/ GrsK dhpkDh dk ;zebD eoe/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ o{g ftu b'ekJh Bz{ oZph s/o{jkBh todkB fdZsk. fJ; rqzE d/ gfjb/ fbykoh GkJh r[odk; ;B s/gfjb/ rqzEh pkpk p[ZYk ih ;B.

fco ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ dwdwk ;kfjp sbtzvh ;kp' fty/;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp dh pkDh ;w/s ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk w[V;zgkdB eoe/ @Fpd r[o{# ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ o{g ftu e"w #s/ tZvkT[geko ehsk. fJ; tkoh fbykoh j'D dk wkD GkJh wBh f;zx ih Bz{fwfbnk s/ w[Zy rzqEh ti'A Fjhd pkpk dhg f;zx ih dh EkgBk j'Jh. ;qhr[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dh pkDh nNbkXhnK nfXnksfwe ;ZukJhnK dk ;o's j?.

fJ; @nkfd rqzE# ftu w[ZY-edhwh Xkofwe s/ nfXnksfwe ns/nkgDhnK ;wekbh ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse gq;fEshnK d/ toDB d/ Bkb-Bkb ;wki Bz{ nkdoF ihtB ;/X s/ ihtB iku dh ;'Mh d/ e/ b'ekJh dkftbZyD s/ ftF/F wkor doFB ehsk frnk j?. r[opkDh ftuko gzikphnKdh ihtB F?bh s/ ihtB iku dk nXko j?. f;Zy ;z;ko dh ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp s/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB #s/ nEkj nk;Ek s/ N/e j?, fJ; tk;s/ jh gq'Hg{oB f;zx B/ gzikp fiT[Adk r[o{ d/ BK #s/ efj e/ ;w[Zu/ gzikph irs dhr[o{ ;kfjpkB gqsh FoXk GktBk dh rZb B{z f;o/ jh bk fdZsk j?.

;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ ;zsK-GrsK B/ r[opkDh d[nkok nfXnkswtkddhnK o[jkBh ow}K s'A b? e/ f;o/ dhnK ;wkfie ;ZukJhnK dZ; e/ wB[ZyskB{z B/e-Bkw ;dkukoe ihtB tZb s'oB dk :sB ehsk j?. fJ; ;zdoGftu fJe' jh GktBk fbyD s/ ;wMD dh b'V j? fe r[opkDh ;kvk gqkDnXko j? s/ fJ; Bz{ nkgDk ihtB nXko pDkT[Dk jo f;Zy dk jh BjhA,;r'A jo gzikph dk Xow j?. fJ; tk;s/ @r[opkDh d/ ukBD# Bz{ ;z;kodhnK uj[ze{NK ftu d[BhnK sZe gj[zukT[Dk s/ gqukoDk ;kv/ ihtB dk w[y;zebg s/ T[d/F j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

459

fJ; tk;s/ F[o{nks ti'A j[D s'A jh id'A fe n;hA Fq'wDh Fjhd ;qh r[o{noiB d/t ih dk Fjhdh fdjkVk wBkT[Ad/ jK sK @Fpd r[o{# ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp dh wjkB nfXnksfwe f;Zfynk Bz{ d[BhnK d/ e'B/ sZe gqukoD s/gq;koD dh nfjwhns tZb ;kB{z fXnkB d/D dh nfs }o{os j?. fJ; tk;s/fJj th }o{oh j? fe n;hA d[BhnK d/ wjkBsw rqzE ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dhT[gwk s/ fJ; d/ ou?sk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh xkb ewkJh s/ bk;kBhe[opkBh dh rZb-eZE b'ekJh Bkb ;z;ko gZXo #s/ ;KMh eohJ/.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh n;hA r[opkDh dk ukBD s/ r[owfs f;XKsK dk g;koeoB B{z nkgDk co} nZtb ;wMd/ j'J/ ;z;ko ftu gq;kohJ/ s/ gqukohJ/.fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ ;kv/ e"wh FjhdK-w[ohdK d/ wjkB sZg-fsnkr s/ e[opkBhnK Gog{o e"wh T[;koh tk;s/ tXhnk f;Zyh ;zebg, f;XKss/ f;ZfynktK jB, T[BQK B{z d[BhnK Go ftu BFo eohJ/. fJ; gZy'A n;hA j[DsZe ghVQh-do-ghVQh p[oh soQK c/bQ j'J/ jK. id'A fe ;kv/ ;kjwD/ fuZN/ fdBtorh gqsZy fw;kb j? fe p[ZX, i?B, fJ;bkw s/ fJ;kJh Xow d[BhnK ftug?o'ekoK, gqukoeK s/ ;wki ;/teK d/ f;o #s/ jh c?b/ jB. fBo;zd/j XowB{z gq;koD tk;s/ fes/-eskJhA vzv/-;'N/ s/ sbtko dh th tos'A j'Jh j?.

go pkp/ BkBe tb'A ;kBz{ fdZs/ f;Zyh d/ \b;\/ @@fwZms BhthA BkBekr[D uzfrnkJhnK sZs## nB[;ko f;Zy wZs B{z c?bkT[D tk;s/ vKr-;'Nh dhy/v f;Zy f;XKsK d/ w/u-po BjhA nkT[Adh. y?o! nZi d/ :[r ftu f;ZyhBz{ c?bkT[D tk;s/ vzv/ dh u"Xo dh BK sK b'V j? s/ Bk jh fJ; dk e'Jhpj[sk ;e'g j?. p/Fe ;kBz{ fJj uzrk br/ iK wkVk go j[D n;hA yzvkyVekT[D i'r/ ofj th BjhA rJ/. ;r'A j[D sK n;hA nkgDh ;fEsh T[;yor'F torh pDk bJh j? fe fi; Bz{ fe;/ B/ wk; ykD dh ;[bQk wkohlnr'A @yor'F pjkdo# efjD brk, @@Goktk okw-okw p'b nkgDk wk;jh pfunk oj/, fJBK jh pj[s j?##.

p/Fe fiE'A sZe vzv/-yzv/ dh y/v dk ;tkb j?, ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/gfjbK nkgD/-nkg B{z s/ nkgD/ xo Bz{ ;[XkoB dh f;Zfynk fdZsh j?. fcoT[; s'A pknd jh nkgD/ ftrfVnK-fsrfVnK Bz{ ;'XD tk;s/ gfjbK yzv/dh gkj[b s/ fco yzv/ dh Xko dk fJ;s/wkb ikfJ} eoko fdsk j?.pfjojkb, fJ; tk;s/ fJj p/jZd }o{oh j' u[Zek j? fe ;G s'A gfjbK n;hA

460

nkg s/ nkgD/ xo-pko Bz{ f;Zyh f;XksK d/ T[bN v/o/tkd dhnK ;kfiFKs'A pukJhJ/. fco T[; T[gozs nkgD/ ;wki Bz{ }wkB/ dh sb]-soko jtks'A th pukJhJ/ s/ fJ; tk;s/ }wkB/ B{z ;wMkT[D bJh jo jkb f;Zyh d/ftFtftnkgh f;XKsK B{z d[BhnK d/ ftu BFo eohJ/.

y?o! nkgDh wjkB ftok;s B{z ikBD s/ ;zGkbD d/ ;zdoG ftu;wMD dh b'V j? fe pkp/ BkBe dh @pkpo pkDh# fbyD tkbh ebw s'Ab? e/ ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpd f;x ih wjkoki B/ f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhvro #s/ ubd/ j'J/, ykb;k f;oiDk s/ ;opz;dkB fij/ @r'fpzd wkor#dh sbtko sZe dk bk;kBh ;\o sfj ehsk ;h. fJ; ;ko/ pk-ewkbf;Zyh \b;\/ B{z ;z;ko gZXo #s/ p/fw;kb sohe/ Bkb BFo eoB dh xkNnZi th e"w d/ fdbK-wBk B{z yNedh j?.

fco ;t?wkD s/ ;tkXhBsk d/ fJ; wjkB \b;\/ B{z nwbh ikwkgfjBkT[D tkb/ F'qwDh Fjhd ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdoih s/ T[BQK d/ T[gkFe FjhdK-w[ohdK fit/A fe GkJh ;sh dk;, GkJh wshdk; s'A b? e/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ ;w/A d/ FjhdK,:'fXnK, w[ohdK ns/ yk; eoe/ uwe"o ;kfjp s/ w[es;o ;kfjp d/ 40w[efsnK d/ fJfsjk; dk f}eo-J/-yk; j'Dk jkb/ pkeh j?.

^"osbp j? fe ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh ;w/A f;Zy Xow B/@r[opkDh :[Zr# s'A @e[opkBh :[Zr# sZe dk fJe tZvk w'V eZfNnk ;h. fJ;T[gozs f;Zy :'fXnK B/ f;oK dh y/v y/vD dh pk}h gkJh j? s/ f;oK d/wkwb/ sko e/ e"w ftu ;t?wkD s/ ;tkXhBsk d/ i}p/ T[ikro ehs/ jB.p/FZe n;hA fJ; nwhosohB ftok;s B{z 300 ;kbk ykb;k f;oiDkfdt; s/ j'o eJh fJfsjkf;e FskpdhnK d/ o{g ftu wBkfJnk j?, gofJBQK e"wh FskpdhnK d/ fgS'eV ftu e"w dh f;oiDk, \b;\/ ns/fBZro-Bo'J/ ;wki T[;koh d/ fijV/ ;zebg s/ n;{b jBl T[BQK #s/ e"ws/ ;wki tb'A b'VhAdk gfjok BjhA fdZsk ik ;fenk.

fJ; tk;s/ j[D b'V j? fe n;hA e"wh gZXo #s/ gzikp dh fJ; Bk:kpe"wh ftok;s Bz{ ;zGkbD s/ gq;koD tk;s/ fJew[Zm s/ fJei[ZN j' e/ ;KM/:sB eohJ/. yk; eoe/ ;kvhnK ;oekoK s/ r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/NhnK dk sK fJj co} nZtb pDdk j? fe T[j ;kv/ ;kfjs, fJfsjk;

461

s/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;zGkbD s/ gq;koD tk;s/ b'VhAd/ :sB-gq:sB eoB.fJ; bJh ;oekoK, n?Z;HihHghH;h, :{Bhtof;NhnK s/ ;fGnkukfoe ;z;EktKdh fJj w[ZYbh f}zw/tkoh pDdh j? fe T[j fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ebk B{zb'VhAdh ;ogq;sh d/D s/ ;kv/ fJfsjk;ekoK, ;kfjsekoK s/ ;fGnkuko d/nbzpodkoK B{z T[BQK tb'A ;wki B{z fdZs/ :'rdkB d/ ;Bw[Zy T[BQK d/ pDd/nkdo-wkD tk;s/ :sBFhb j'D.

fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ ;kfjs s/ ebk d/ g/qw-g[ikohnK dh ;kXBk gqsh e"whgZXo #s/ ;w[Zu/ ;wki B{z ikro{e j'D dh b'V j? feT[Afe fe;/ th ;wkidh ;fGnsk, ;fGnkuko s/ fJfsjk; dk nXko iB ;w{j dhu/sBk, wkBf;esk s/ ihtBF?bh j[zdh j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu j[D ;kv/ e'bftok;s-J/-ykb;k nBzdg[o ;kfjp, csfj p[oi uZgVfuVh, e[Zg-ojhV/s/ ekjB{ztkB d/ tZv/-S'N/ xZb{xkfonK dh :kdrko ti'A fJfsjkf;enikfJpxo pD u[e/ jB. ftok;s-J/-ykb;k s/ fJBQK j'o fJfsjkf;e;wkoeK d[nkok gzikp d/ fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;zGkbD dk pVkFbkxk:'r :sB j'fJnk j??.

f}eo:'r j? fe 300 ;kbk ykb;k f;oiDk fdt; wBkT[D d/ ;pzXftu f;Zy cb;c/ s/ fJfsjk; d/ ;zebg B{z fJ; ftok;sh GtB d/ o{gftu 8t/A ni{p/ ti'A d[BhnK ftu BFo eoB bJh nekb g[oy dh feogk;dek e"w B/ ;qH gqekF f;zx pkdb, iE/dko r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk s/ sys;qh e/;rVQ ;kfjp d/ ssekbhB iE/dko gq'H wBihs f;zx dh nrtkJh ftufJ; pj[s tZv/ T[gokb/ dk ftZY ftZfYnk ;h. fJ; ftok;s-J/-ykb;k dkBhAj gZEo 22 Btzpo 1998 B{z ykb;/ dh ;otT[Zu ;z;Ek gzi fgnkfonKdh gzukfJs d[nkok oZfynk frnk ;h.

r[o{ wjkoki dh feogk ;dek 300 ;kbk f;oiDk fdt; wBkT[D;pzXh T[d'A pkdb ;oeko B/ w?B{z fvgNh efwFBo o{gBro fB:[es ehsk;h. ni w?B{z fJ; dk fJe g[o-;e{B nfj;k; fJj j? fe w?A f;oiDkfdt; d/ ;pzX ftu T[d'A fJ; FkBdko ykb;k j?ohN/i ezgb?e; tk;s/ irQkdh u'D s'A b? e/ fJ; d/ w[Zy nkoehN?eN w"F/ Fcdh tb'A fJ; dh BeFkBth;hs/ F[o{nksh ftT[Aspzdh ftu Fkwb fojk jK. fJ; s'A fJbktk nBzdg[o ;kfjpfty/ j'o ;kohnK fJwkosK, ;VeK s/ g[bK dh skwhoh B}o;kBh ns/ fJ;

462

wjkB g[op #s/ 1 eo'V d/ eohp gj[zuhnK FoXkb{ ;zrsK tk;s/ b'VhAd/pzd'p;s eoB dk ekoiekoh ;{so j'D ti'A w?A ;kvh ;dh d/ fJ; wjkB g[opd/ ;ko/ eko/-tosko/ dk uFwdhd rtkj fojK jK.

fJ; fJspko Bkb nZi id'A w?A fJ; ni{pkB[wk e"wh ftok;s B{z d/ydks/ ;wMdk jK sK w?B{z brdk j? fe n;hA e"wh gZXo #s/ fJ; pj[s tZvh;fGnkukfoe Fkjokj #s/ s[oB dk i' c?;bk ehsk ;h, T[; dk e'jK bzwkg?Avk n;hA xZN'-xZN nZX sZe sK w[ek fbnk j?. }kfjo j? fe fizBK ezwj'fJnk j?, T[j Fbkxk:'r j?, T[; B{z d[BhnK ftu fJb?eNqkfBe whvhnkd[nkok fJzNoB?ZN s/ t?Zp;kJhN fijhnK ni'ehnK seBheK d[nkok BFoeoB dh tZvh b'V j?.

go jkb/ th fJ; FkBdko ftok;s-J/-ykb;k d/ fJ; ftFkb GtBftu fJ; d/ Bkw d/ s[b j[D th j'o th pj[s e[ZM fwnkoh gZXo #s/ j'Dkpkeh j?. fJ; j?ohN/i ezgb?e; ftu fJfsjk;e, ;kfjse s/ ;fGnkukfoegZy'A pj[s jh nfjw d'-fszB ;o'ekoK B{z Fkwb eoB s/ T[BQK B{z B/go/ukVQB tk;s/ ihn-ikB fJe eoB dh b'V j?.

gzikp dk fJfsjk; r[o{ ekb s'A b? e/ pkpk pzdk pjkdo, f;Zy fw;bekb, f;Zy oki s/ fco n?rb'A-f;Zy bVkJhnK s'A b? e/ n}kdh ;zrokw sZed/ FjhdK s/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?. gfjbK r[bkwh eoe/, fco n}kdh dh y[wkoh s/ j[D wfj} BkF[eo/gD eoe/ n;hA nkgDh e"wd/ T[BQK tv/fonK B{z G[Zb G[bk oj/ jK fe fiBQK dh pd"bs nZi ;koh e"wn}kd fc}k ftu ;kj b? ojh j? ns/ ;kv/ nkr{ okiGkr s/ T[Zu nfXekohtZv/-tZv/ o[sfpnK-nj[fdnK dk nkBzd wkD oj/ jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;kv/ gzikp d/ FkBdko fto;/-ftok;s dk w{bnXko ;kvh ;z;feqsh, ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko j?. ;kvh ;G dh ;KMh fJ;ftok;s dh fJ; Fkjokj #s/ r[o{ xo d/ FjhdK-w[ohdK, wZXekb d/;zxoFh :'fXnK s/ n}kdh dh izr d/ ;tszsosk ;zrokwhnK dhnKe[opkBhnK s/ ekoBkw/ ;kv/ bJh e"wh gZXo #s/ p[fBnkdh whb gZEo jB.fJ; tk;s/ e[opkBhnK dh fJ; vro #s/ uZbD tkb/ T[BQK ;G e[opkBh d/g[ziK dhnK ihtB nkj{shnK s/ T[BQK d/ ihtB fpUfonK B{z fJ; ykb;kftok;sh GtB s/ j'o nikfJp xoK s/ bkfJpq/ohnK dk fFzrko pDkT[D,

463

;zGkbD s/ fco d[BhnK ftu BFo eoB-eotkT[D dk fwnkoh T[gokbkni/ th pkeh j?.

fJ; ykb;k ftok;s GtB s/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx gB"owk ezgBhpkr nzfwqs;o d/ tKrz{ uZgVfuVh, ekjB{ztkB, e{fenK dh :kdrko fij/;wkoe fijV/ n;hA j[D jh w[ezwb ehs/ jB, fJBQK ;wkoeK B{z j'o thfwnkoh pDkT[D dh b'V j? sK fe f;oc d/F s'A jh BjhA, ;r'A ftd/FK s'Ath ;?bkBh fJBQK dh F'jos ;[D e/ fJE/ nkT[D B{z nkgD/ uzr/ Gkr ;wMDfJ; tk;s/ ;G ek;/ Bkb'A tZX }o{oh fJj j? fe fJBQK ;wkoeK d/ oZy-oykU bJh j[D s'A jh czv} w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ ikD, i' fe gfjb/ pD/;wkoeK tk;s/ BjhA ehsk iKdk fojk.

r"osbp j? fe fJj ;wkoe T[dxkNBK s'A pknd e[ZM ;w/A ftu jhb'VhAdh ;KG ;zGkb dh nDj'Ad d/ ekoB nDr"b/ s/ g[okD/ j' iKd/ jB. fcofJ; s'A fJbktk fJBQK ;wkoeK d/ fJfsjk; s/ fJBQK ftu oZyhnK e"whfBFkBhnK B{z fBozso ;zGkbD s/ gqukoB tk;s/ fJe fB:wpZX ftT[Aspzdhdh b'V j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kv/ n}kdh ;zrokw d/ FjhdK, n}kdhx[bkNhnK s/ e"wh ;g{sK dhnK e[opkBhnK s/ T[BQK tb'A ;jko/ d[y sebhcKs/ s;hfjnK B{z nkgDh u/sBk ftu t;kT[D s/ o{gwkB eoB dh b'V j? fefiBQK dh pd"bs n;hA ni n}kdh dhnK y[ZbQhnK fc}ktK ftu y[ZbQ e/ ;kjb? oj/ jK.

;kvh ;KMh ftok;s Fjhd-w[ohd s/ ;kvhnK wkJhnK-phphnKL-

wZX ekb ftu gzikphnK B{z ;G s'A tZvh s/ bk;kBh ftok;s f;Zy wZsd/ o{g ftu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'A fwbh j?. fco r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhb'ekJh d/ Gb/ tk;s/ xkbDk, yk; eoe/ ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih s/B"t/A gkfsFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp dhnK d/F s/ Xow bJh nd[ZshnKe[opkBhnK ;kv/ bJh @FjkdsK dh ftok;s# pDhnK. fJ; T[gozs ;qh r[o{jfor'fpzd ;kfjp tb'A ;w[Zu/ gzikph ;wki dh oZfynk fjZs ikpoj[ewokBK fto[ZX ehsh iZd'-ifjd nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK tk;s/ ;zrokws/ ;zxoF dh ftok;s pDh. fJ; d/ cb;o{g d;w/F fgsk ;kfjp ;qh r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tb'A nb"fee @ykb;k f;oiDk# d/F s/ e"w d/ tk;s/p/Fehwsh ftok;s pDh j?. fco nZi sZe d/ fJfsjk; ftu nDejh s/

464

nD;[Dh bk;kBh @;opz;dkB# dh rkEk ;w[Zu/ d/F tk;hnK tk;s/ @sg,fsnkr, ;zxoF s/ n}kdh dh @nDw'b ftok;s# ojh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu f;Zy wZs dhnK wkJhnK-phphnK dk e"wh f;oiDks/ T[;koh ftu :'rdkB fe;/ Bkb'A th xZN BjhA j?. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ihd/ wksk fsqgsk ih s/ G?D @p/p/ BkBeh# tb'A y[d T[BQK B{z @irs-ibzdk#pukT[D tk;s/ T[dk;hnK #s/ s'oB s'A b? e/ wksk yhth ih tb'A bzro dh;/tk, phph GkBh ih tb'A f;Zy wZs dh T[;koh s/ fco wksk rzrk ih tb'AnkgD/ f;o d/ ;kJhA B{z Xow dh ykso e[opkB eoB dh nb"fee rkEkB{z fes/ Bk fes/ ;kv/ ni'e/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; dk nfBZyVtK nzr pDkT[Ddh b'V j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh sg-fsnkr dhnK w{osK wksk BkBeh ih,wksk r[ioh s/ d;t/A gkfsFkj d/ wfjb wksk ihs' ih, wksk ;[zdoh ih s/wksk ;kfjp e"o tb'A ykb;/ dh e"wh f;oiDk s/ T[; tk;s/ ;opz;dkBfijh nd[Zsh Fjkds tk;s/ gkJ/ :'rdkB B{z nkgDh ;fGnkukfoe Bhshd[nkok gqukoD s/ gq;koD dh nfsnzs b'V j?.

;kvh @@;fGnkuko s/ ftok;s## dh Bhsh ftu gzikph wKtK, G?DK s/phphnK d/ :'rdkB dk ftF/Fsw s'A th ftF/F f}eo eoBk pDdk j?.;kv/ gzikp dhnK fiBQK ;[ZxV ;[nkDhnK B/ b'ekJh s/ Xow dh ykso nkgD/@f;o d/ ;kJhnK# B{z xo'A s'fonk, oZp T[BQK dk Gbk eo/.gzikp d/ ;kv/ j[DsZe d/ ;zxoFK ftu gzikp dhnK wkJhnK-phphnK d/ f;Zde, ;po, f;Zyhs/ d/F Grsh dhnK fezBhnK jh ftbZyD s/ nB'yhnK fw;kbK jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kB{z r[o{ ekb dhnK wjkB fJbkjh wkJhnK wkskfsqgsk ih, p/p/ BkBeh, phph GkBh ih, wksk rzrk ih, wksk BkBeh ihs'A b? e/ wksk r[ioh ih, fco wkJh Gkr' ns/ j[D sZe dhnK sgh, fsnkrhwkJhnK -phphnK dhnK bk;kBh s/ bk\kBh e[opkBhnK ;kB{z nkgDhg[oksB Xo'jo dk u/sk eotk e/ X[o nkswk s'A jb{D iKdhnK jB.

gzikp d/ fJ; ;ko/ fJfsjkf;e ;zdoG ftu nkgD/ f;o d/ ;kJhnKB{z f;Zyh s/ e"wh ;zxoFK tk;s/ fsnko-po-fsnko eoe/ s'oB tkbhnKfJBQK wjkB phphnK-wkJhnK B{z e"wh gZXo #s/ Bsw;se j'D dh b'V j?.fJBQK wjkB wkJhnK tb'A nkgD/ gfotkfoe iBK B{z e[opkBhnK d/D s/ e"wtk;s/ gq/oDk ;o's pD e/ f;Zy Xow dhnK BhAjK w}p{s eoB-eotkT[D

465

ftu fJBQK ;kohnK wkJhnK-phphnK d/ wjkB :'rdkB B{z j[D ;kB{z BFoeoB dh b'V j?.

fJBQK wjkB phphnK-wkJhnK dk f}eo f;Zy nodk; ftu ;tk-;tk wDd/ gh;D/ gh;D s/ nkgD/ pZfunK d/ N'N/ rbK ftu g[nkT[D fij/nefj s/ n;fj s;hj/ ;fjD tkbhnK oZp-o}kJhnK Gkt oZph GkD/ ftuofjD tkbhnK f;ZdetkB phphnK d/ s"o #s/ nkT[AAdk j?. go fJ; B{z nkgD/ftfdne gqDkbh d/ e'o;K ftu B[zwkfJnk s"o #s/ Fkwb Bk eoB dh j[D sZepj[s tZvh xkN ojh j?, fi; B{z fe c"oh s"o #s/ jZb eoB dh b'V j?.

iZr }kfjo j? fe e[opkBh d/ g[ziK s/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK d/ fgZS/ jw/FKjh n"osK d/ fsnkr s/ :'rdkB dk pj[s tZvk fjZ;k fojk j?, go n;hAfJ; B{z jw/FK jh nDr"fbnk eoh oZfynk j?. w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe r[o{;kfjpkB d/ ekb s'A b? e/ j[D sZe d/ ;kv/ nfij/ nB/eK Fjhd s/ w[ohdjB fe fiBQK d/ Bkw e"w tb'A nkgD/ fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ nikfJp xoKftu ofjzdh d[BhnK sZe ;zGkb/ ikD dh nZi nfsnzs b'V j?.a

f;Zy e"w B{z wjkB ioB?b pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh d/DL-

fco pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[BQK d/ 700 d/ eohp Fjhd ;kEhnKdhnK wfjo"bh-fdZbh ftu nefj s/ n;fj eFN ;jkod/ j'J/ fdZshnKe[opkBhnK s/ ekoBkfwnK ns/ T[BQK d/ ihtB fJfsjk; B{z ra?o w[behj[ewokBK d/ sFZdd s/ }[bw d/ gq;zr ftu e"wh :kd dk fjZ;k pDkT[D dhb'V j?. fco fJ; s'A th f}nkdk }o{oh j? fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/gzikphnK dh gfjbh tko 710 ;kb pknd ;ofjzd csfj d/ o{g ftufiZs B{z T[ikro ehsk ikt/.

fJ; s'A fJbktk gfjb/ f;Zy oki dhnK gqkgshnK fit/A fe irhodkohf;;Nw ysw eoe/ raohp, fe;kBK s/ w[}kfonK B{z wkbe pDkT[Dk ns/e"w B{z r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ nkF/-wBF/ w[skfpe;t?wkD s/ ;tkXhBsk d/D d/ fJfsjkf;e gq;zrK B{z b'e u/sBk dk nzrpDkJ/ ikD dh b'V j?. fi; tk;s/ gfjbK sK fJBQK sZEK B{z nkgD/fJfsjk; ftu B[wkfJnk s"o #s/ nzfes ehs/ ikD dh nfjwhns ;wMDdh b'V j? ns/ fco fJBQK fJfsjkf;e gq;zrK B{z nkgD/ ftfdne e'o;Kftu Fkwb eoB dh }o{os j?.

466

go tZv/ d[Zy dh rZb j? fe ;kv/ fJBQK e"wh FjhdK dk e"w B{z fus-u/sk th BjhA j?. j[D id'A fe uZgVfuVh fty/ ;oeko tb'A ykb;k gzE dh;ofjzd csfj dh 300 ;kbk :kdrko ;Ekfgs ehsh ik u[eh j? sKr"osbp j? fe ;kv/ fJBQK ;ko/ FjhdK dhnK ihtBhnK s/ e[opkBhnK d/gq;zr uZgVfuVh d/ :kdrkoh ;wkoe dk wjZstg{oB fjZ;k pDkJ/ ikD dhb'V j? sK fe ;kv/ fJj e"wh Fjhd ;kvhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK bJhgq/oDk ;o's pD ;eD.

18thA ;dh d/ nD;[D/ nefj s/ n;fj s;hfjnK dk d"oL-

fJ; T[gozs pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s'A pknd 18thA ;dh d/ jhwjkB FjhdK dh fJe bzph eVh j? s/ FjhdK dh dk;skB T[; s'A thbzw/oh j?. nfsnzs d[Zy dh rb j? fe fJ; sFZddh d"o ftu f;ZyK d/ f;oKdk w[b nkB/-NfenK ftu fgnk. fJ; ;w/A ftu yk; eoe/ ;zB 1716s'A b? e/ ;zB 1740 se GkJh wBh f;zx, GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx, GkJh wfjskpf;zx, GkJh p'sk f;zx, GkJh roik f;zx, GkJh ;[p/r f;zx, GkJh Fkjpkif;zx s/ GkJh r[b}ko f;zx fij/ nB/eK ;{ow/A s/ f;deh f;zxK dk xkDj'fJnk. fJE/ fJj r"osbp j? fe fJ; ekb/ d"o ftu fBod'F b'eK,npbk n"osK s/ wk;{w pZfunK B{z th BjhA pyfFnk frnk.

go nc;'; fe n;hA fJBQK FjhdK s/ FjhdhnK d/ fJfsjk; B{z @b'eu/sBk# sK d{o dh rZb ojh nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z gVQkJ/ iKd/ ftfdnee'o;K dk th fjZ;k BjhA pDk ;e/ feT[Afe fJBQK pko/ n;hA y[d th e'Jhf}nkdk ikDekoh jh BjhA oZyd/. p/FZe n;hA nodk; eod/ ;w/A fJBQKdhnK nefj s/ n;fj e[opkBhnK B{z :kd sK eod/ jK, go fJj b'e e"D;B s/ feZE'A d/ ofjD tkb/ ;B s/ fJBQK B/ e[opkBhnK feT[A fdZshnKl fJ;Bkb j[D ;kvhnK ghVQhnK dk e'Jh ;o'eko BjhA ofj frnk bZrdk. fco;kv/ pZfunK dhnK ghVQhnK sK ;kv/ tZb'A fJBQK e"wh FjhdK pko/ b'VhAdhikDekoh Bk fdZs/ ikD eoe/ fJBQK s'A fJzBhnK d{o j' u[ZehnK jB fe T[BQKd/ bJh sK fJj ;G e[M fJfsjk; BjhA fwfEjk; jh ikgdk j?.

fJBQK ;ko/ fJfsjkf;e gq;zrK ftu r[o{ xo d/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dk ftF/F f}eo eoB d/ d' w[Zy wzst jB. fJZe sK fJj fe fJfsjkf;e s"o #s/;kB{z fJj ikDekoh j'Dh ukjhdh j? fe fJj wjkB g[oy/ ;kv/ nkgD/ jh

467

fgzvK s/ BroK d/ t;Bhe j'D ;dek ;kv/ jh ;wki ftu'A ;B. ;kv/ fJBQKtv/fonK B// f;Zy wZs ns/ fJ; d/ fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko d/ ftek; s/ftrk; ftu pVk tZvk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z T[BQK ;G dhe"wh fjZs ftu ehsh xkb ewkJh B{z FoXk-;fseko Bkb wBK ftut;kT[D dh b'V j?. fJ; ;ko-ft;Eko dk d{ik wzst fJj j? fe n;hAnkgD/ FjhdK-w[ohdK B{z @d/F s/ ekb# d/ ;zdoG ftu d/yhJ/ s/ ;wM ;ehJ/fe T[j fe;/ ;w/A ;kv/ jh fgzvK, BroK s/ ;kv/ ;wki ftu'A jh T[m e/nkgDk ;G e[ZM s/ ikBK sZe ;kv/ fBSkto eo rJ/.

fJ; gq;zr ftu nc;'; dh rZb j? fe nkw b'e s/ jwksV ;kEh sKfJe gk;/ oj/, ;r'A ;kv/ Xkofwe s/ f;nk;h nkr{ ns/ fco ;kvhnKftfdne ;z;EktK d/ w[yh, p[ZXhihth s/ fJfsjk;eko th ;kv/ wjkBioB?bK, tckdko f;Zy :'fXnK s/ d/F GrsK B{z nDr"b/ eo oj/ jB. fcon;hA nkgDh e"w d/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK s/ ;tszsosk ;zrokwhnK pko/ BK sKnkg y[d pj[sh ikDekoh oZyd/ jK ns/ Bk jh fJBQK pko/ nkgDhnKB"itkB ghVQhnK B{z e'Jh ikDekoh d/D dk e'Jh fBZro T[Zdw-T[gokbk jheo oj/ jK. fJ; ;{os/-jkb ftu yk; eoe/ ;oeko, n?Z;HihHghH;hH s/f;Zfynk ;z;EktK B{z ;kvk fJj r[nku fojk s/ G[Zbdk ft;odk ik fojkfJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko w[V s'A ;[oihs eoB dh b'V j?. go fJ; d/ T[bNgsk BjhA n;hA j'o fejV/ f;nk;h n"jV-g"jVK s/ eoDgbkjK ftu o[M/j'J/ jK fe e"w d/ fJj nfs }o{oh ekoi eoB dh EK j'o jh r?o }o{ohXzd fgZNd/ ofjzd/ jK.

r"osbp j? fe n;hA ;ko/ fuoekb s'A f;Zy wZs ftu wVQhnK s/ ;wkXK#s/ tofis nzBQh FoXk Bkb wZEk N/ed/ jK. ;qh nzfwqs;o s/ soBskoBd/ dofwnkB pkpk dhg f;zx d/ ;wekbh ioB?b pkpk B"X f;zx dh ;wkXj?, n;hA T[E/ wZEk N/ed/ jK, go nZi sZe ;kBz{ fJj gsk jh BjhA j? fepkpk B"X f;zx ih e"D ;B s/ fe; fgzv d/ ;B. ;kv/ fJfsjk; iK f;ZyfJB;kJheb'ghvhnk ftu th fJ; wjkB Fjhd pko/ e'Jh ikDekoh BjhAfdZsh rJh. r[nku u[e/ fJfsjk; d/ fJ; gq;zr ftu fgzv uhuk d/ t;BhedZ;d/ jB fe pkpk B"X f;zx ih dk fgzv uhuk-GeBk ;h. fJj fgzv rdogkoNh d/ w'Yh pkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBk d/ fgzv GeBk dh jZd Bkb brdkj?. go ;dhnK g[okDh rZb sK fJe gk;/ ojh, ;r'A n;hA sK ;zB 1968

468

ftu ;tor f;Xko/ wjkB rZdoh f;ow"o pkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBk B{z thG[Zb u[e/ jK.

pfjojkb! e"whns d/ fJfsjk; s/ e"wh ;fGnkuko d/ gq;zr ftuwjkokik oDihs f;zx dk f;Zy oki ;kvh j[D sZe dh ;G s'A tZvh @oki;hftok;s# j?. fJj f;Zy oki ;jh FpdK ftu f;ZyK dk gfjbk s/ nkyohf;Zy ;woki ;kfps j'fJnk, id'A fe f;Zy e"w B/ ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/ j[D sZegfjbh s/ nkyoh pkdFkjh wkDh ;h. wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih d/ ;w/A d/fJ; oki dk b'jk n\rkfB;skB s/ fJokB d/ ;fwnK s'A nk oj/jwbktoK s/ XkVthnK B/ th wzfBnk ;h. fJ; T[gozs j[D se fe;/ B{zdoQk ]?po okjhA fco fjzd';skB #s/ jwbk eoB dk jhnk BjhA fgnk.fco fJe tZvh ftZe'fbsoh ]{ph tkbh rb fJj j? fe wjkokik oDihsf;zx B/ nkgD/ oki dk BkweoD @;oeko ]kb;k ihU# ehsk ns/ T[BQKB/ nkgD/-nkg B{z wjkokik ;dkT[D dh pikJ/ B{z @;oeko ]kb;k# ejkT[Dftu \]o ;wfMnk.

f;o/ dh rZb fJj j? fe F/o/ gzikp dk fJj @jb/wh oki# nfijk ;hfe ;ZsK ;w[zdoK #s/ oki eoB tkbk fpqfNF ;kwoki th fJ; s'A sqfjzdk;h. fJ; ;w/A d"okB f;ZyK dh ;odkoh s/ y[dw[yfsnkoh nkgDh uVQs s/uVQdh ebk d/ ;dek bkj"o dopko dh r[Zvh ;Zst/A n;wkB #s/ uVQh fcodh;h. ;kvh fJ; ykb;k oki d/ ;w/A d/ ;t?wkD s/ FkB B{z pjkb eoBT[gozs nkgD/ ;fGnkuko dk nN[ZN nzr pDkT[D dh th j[D nfjw b'V j?.

fJE/ fJj th ;wMD dh p/jZd b'V j? fe gzit/A gkfsFkj ;qh r[o{noiB ih tZb'A fds/ rJ/ jb/wh oki d/ ;zebg dhnK w[pkfoe s/ wep{bf;csK nZi ;oekoh ezw-eko s/ BhshnK ftu YkbhnK ikD dh pVh tZvhb'V j?. fJ; bJh jb/wh oki nB[;ko Fk;eK tZb'A j?AeV dh EK #s/ jbhwh,Bkpoh dh EK ukeoh ns/ Xow fBogZysk fijhnK y{phnK B{z ;oeko-dopko d/ eko-ftjko ftu fdqFNwkB eoB dh b'V j?.

w[edh rZb! ;kv/ ;wki d/ nkr{nK B{z fBZi-efbnkD dh EK #s/ b'eefbnkD s/ ;wki GbkJh tk;s/ nkgD/-nkg ftu goT[gekoh }fjBhnsg?dk eoB dh p/nzs b'V j?. n;hA F/o/-gzikp ejkT[D d/ pV/ ukjtkB s/F"ehB jK, go gzikp d/ ;w[Zu/ ftrk; s/ ftek; d/ gZy'A n;hA F/o/-gzikp

469

wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ gkf;zr th BjhA jK. f;o/ dh rZb fJj j? fej[D d/ jkbksK ftu gzikp B{z ;Zu-w[Zu jh e'Jh eowZm pZpo F/o f;nk;hnkr{ dh b'V j?, i' fe fve-v'b/ yKd/ nZi d/ gzikp B{z fco s'A okj/-ok;sfbnk e/ gfjbK tkbhnK p[bzdhnK #s/ fbnk ;e/. oZp y?o eo/.

;kvh ftok;sh d"bs ;kvk fJfsjk; s/ ;kv/ fJfsjk;ekoL-

r"osbp j? fe fes/ fe;/ ;w/A ;zs ft;kyk f;zx ih iB/sg[ok B/@wkbtk fJfsjk;# fbyD t/b/ pV/ v{zx/ nc;'; Bkb fbfynk j? fe T[BQKB/ ;kv/ e[opkBh d/ g[ziK d/ Bkw F'qwDh ew/Nh s'A wzr/ ;B, go fJjikDekoh T[BQK B{z BjhA fwbh ;h. p/FZe nZi th fJfsjk; d/ fJ; nfjwgZy s'A n?Z;HihHghH;hH dk B}ohnk s/ ekor[}koh e'Jh pj[sh pdbh BjhAikgdh. gzikp s/ yk; s"o #s/ f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ w[ZYb/ fJfsjk;ekoK ftue/;o f;zx fSZpV, GkJh ;zs'y f;zx u{VkwDh, osB f;zx Gzr{, frnkBhfrnkB f;zx, wjkBe'F tkb/ GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk, eow f;zx fj;N'ohnB,gq'H rzvk f;zx, c"ik f;zx, pkpk gq/w f;zx j'sh wodkB, ;'jD f;zx ;hsbs/ wkbtk fJfsjk; fbyD tkb/ ;zs pkpk ft;kyk f;zx iB/sg[o tkfbnKd/ Bkw Fq'wDh jB.

p/FZe e[M ftob/-NKt/A op d/ pyF/ y'ih fJfsjk;ekoK s/ ;kfjsekoKB/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu fes/-feskJhA nkgDhnK pj[s ;[jDhnK g[;seKd[nkok e"wh ;g{sK d/ ;zxoFK s/ e[opkBhnK dk T[b/y ehsk j?, go fJjnkN/ ftu b{D wkso jh j?. fJ; bJh ;oeko B{z s/ r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/NhnK B{z nfijhnK Bk:kp ouBktK B{z Sgtk e/ ns/ Bt/A fbykohnK B{zT[sFkfjs eod/ j'J/ fJj ;kok ;kfjs w[\s tKr{z jh gzikp s/ d/F-ftd/FK sZe tzvD s/ fJ; B{z gqukoB dh b'V j?.

fuZsoekoL-

gzikp d/ Bkwto fuZsoeko ;'Gk f;zx, nzfwqsk F/ofrZb, mkeo f;zx,c{bK okDh, i;tzs f;zx s/ feqgkb f;zx tor/ e'wb ebk dh gqf;ZXh B{zgjz[u e/ nDr"b/ jh s[o rJ/ jB. yk; eoe/ f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ fJBQKf;oie fus/fonK d/ Bkb T[BQK tKr{z nZi T[BQK dhnK nkoN r?bohnK thnb'g j' ojhnK jB. nZi i/ ;'Gk f;zx dh nkoN r?boh ;qh jor'fpzdg[oiK nkoN r?boh mkeo f;zx nzfwqs;o dh rZb eohJ/ sK ;kvh e"wh gZXo

470

#s/ fJ; gZy'A T[dk;hBsk s/ ebk gqsh ;kvh p/edoh s'A fpBK j'o e[ZM jZE-t; BjhA nkT[Adk.

;kv/ g[okD/ fJfsjk;eko, ;kfjseko s/ fuZsoeko nZi ;kvh gzikphnsdh ;KMh ftok;s pD u[e/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ fJBQK ftdtkBK dh xkbewkJh Gkt fJBQK dhnK g[;seK B{z ;zGkbD dh b'V j?. fJ; bJh ;kB{zukjhdk j? fe fJBQK dhnK fJfsjk;e s/ ;kfjse ouBktK B{z fgzvK sZedhnK bkfJpq/ohnK sZe gj[zukJhJ/.

gktB F;so-t;so s/ g[oksB :kdrkoK dh ftok;sL-

gzikp dh FkBkwZsh ftok;s ;zGkbD d/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu j'o th r"osbp j?fe gzikp d/ seohpB 43 fgzvK s/ FfjoK ns/ fco e[ZM j'o ;{fpnK d/ e[ZM e[ BroKftu ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ T[BQK d/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dhnK seohpB 200 d/ eohp gktBfBFkBhnK s/ j[ewBkw/ pj[s jh FoXk Bkb b'eK B/ nkgD/ gZXo #s/ ;KG e/ oZy/ j'J/jB. fJBQK gktB fBFkBhnK dh fBFkBd/jh eoe/ fJBQK d/ oZy-oykU ;pzXh b'VhAdho;kfJfDe seBhe d[nkokA ;zGkbD dh p/jZd b'V j?. fJ; bJh ;G ek;/ s'A tZX }o{ohfJj j? fe fJ; Bk:kp ftok;sh d"bs B{z ;dhnK d/ ;w/A s/ tksktoD dh wko s'ApukT[D bJh fJBQK B{z s[ozs e?wheb NohNw?AN dh ;[ftXk gqdkB ehsh ikt/.

fJ; ;pzXh w?A d'-fszB tko ;oeko s/ n?Z;HihHghH;hH d/ f;yob/nkr{nK Bkb rZbpks ehsh j?. p/FZe w?B{z }[pkBh s"o #s/ jKgZyh j[zrkokjh fwfbnk j?, go fJ; d/ pkti{d th @gzuK dk fejk f;o wZE/ s/ goBkbkT[E/ dk T[E/# torh ekor[}koh jh fgV-gZb/ gJh j?. j[D jko e/ w?A ;kv/fJ; fto;/ dh thvhUrqkch eotkT[D dk T[gokbk eo fojk jK i' feseohpB f;o/ bZr u[ek j? feT[Afe w?A ;wMdk jK fe i/ n;hA nkgD/ fJ;p/Fehwsh fto;/-ftok;s B{z seBheh ;KG-;zGkb d/ sohfenK Bkb 5-10 ;kb j'o Bk ;KfGnk sK j[D ;kv/ jZE'A ;kvh fJj y[odh-G[odh ik ojhs/ yk; eoe/ r[o{nK d/ fbpk;K dh ftok;s nb'g jh j' ikt/rh.

go fJ; s'A th tZX b'V j? fe ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ ;kv/ g[ofynK dhfJ; wjkB :kdrkoh ftok;s B{z b'VhAdh fBFkBd/jh T[gozs ;zGkfbnk s/gqukfonk ikt/. fit/A fe T[go f}eo nk u[Zek j? fe fJj :kdrkoh gktBfBFkBhnK sK f}nkdkso gzikp ftu jh jB s/ fJBQK dk e[M e[ fjZ;k gzikps'A pkjo fjzd[;skB d/ e[M e[ FfjoK s/ BroK ftu th T[gbpX j?.

471

fJE/ ;wMD tkbh rb fJj j? fe fJBQK F;soK-t;soK dh T[woxZN'-xZN r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ ;w/A s'A 300 ;kb iK r[o{ BkBe;kfjp d/ ;w/A s'A 500 ;kb pDdh j?. fJBQK nBw'b t;sK B{z ;w/A dh wkos'A pukT[D bJh T[gokb/ ehs/ ikD feT[Afe nfijh }o{oh ftfrnkBe s"o#s/ ehsh ikD tkbh ekotkJh bJh b'VhAdk frnkB, ;wZroh ns/ ;kXBfJBQK gktB t;sK d/ Xkoe gfotkoK iK ;z;EktK e'b BjhA jB. fJ;bJh Xkofwe ;z;EktK s'A b? e/ ftfdne ns/ ;oekoh ;z;EktK B{z fJ;f;Zyh fwFB dh nfjwhns B{z ;wMd/ j'J/ nZr/ nkT[D dh b'V j?.

fJ; ;pzXh fizBh e[ ikDekoh w?A fJeZmh eo ;fenk jKl T[; dk ft;Ekow?A nkgDh g[;se @wkBtsk dk gqDkw-;opz;dkBh d/ Bkw# ftu fdZsk j?. w/ok wzst fJj fojk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjpkB tb'A ;kB{z fdZs/ f;Zyh d/ fwFB ns/r[o{ xo dh gktB ftok;s B{z n;hA nZr/ e"wh gZXo #s/ r[o{ BkBe-r[o{ r'fpzdf;zx d/ Bkw b/tk FoXkb{nK ns/ d[BhnK B{z ikD{z eotkJhJ/.

go fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJe nfjw rZb i' T[Go e/ ;kjwD/ nkT[Adh j?T[j fJj j? fe r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ T[BQK d/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dhnK gktB t;sKd/ tkfo; gfotko fJzB/ Bk:kp fto;/-ftok;s d/ wkbe j'D d/ pkti{dth seohpB r[zwBkw jh jB. fgzvK ftu p?m/ fJj b'e gfjbK r[o{ xod/ Bkb nkgD/ tv/fonK d/ ;zgoe j'D ;pzXh ikDekoh s'A y[d nDfGZi jBns/ fco b'ekuko B{z sK T[BQK pko/ e[ZM gsk jh BjhA j?.

fJ; tk;s/ r[o{ xo d/ to';kJ/ nfij/ ;ZiDK B{z th ;kvh ;fGnkukfoeBhsh ftu :'r ;EkB fdZs/ ikD dh b'V j?. fJ; soQK T[j th nkgDhftok;sh Xo'jo d/ ;t?wkD Bkb ;oFko j' e/ nZr/ e"w B{z ikro{e s/ikfrqs eoB d/ ekfpb j' ;eDr/. fco oZp fwjo eo/ fe fJT[A e"whGktBk dh XkJh Bkb XkJh brd/-brd/ e"w ftu e"whns dh GktBk jhT[ikro j' ikt/. fco e"D ikD/ fe ;wki ftu frnkB d/ dht/ Bkb j'odhtN-u{zrV/ brd/-brd/ d/F gq/w s/ e"w gq;sh gqsh ftrV u[eh ;'u s/XkoBk ftu e'Jh b'VhAdk @o{jkBh fJBebkp# jh nk ikt/.

fJfsjkf;e r[od[nko/, fJwkosK s/ ;wkoeL-

f;Zy ;wki d/ dkBh ;ZiDK s/ eko ;/tk tkb/ pkfpnK B/ ;kv/r[od[nkfonK dh w[V T[;koh eoe/ pVh ;'Gk yZNh j?. }kfjo j? fe fJBQK

472

T[wo ftjkn u[ZehnK fJwkosK B{z g{oB ;[oihs eoB dh b'V ;h, fJ;bJh eko ;/tk tkb/ wjKg[oyK B/ fJj pj[s jh T[gekoh s/ Fbkxk:'reow ehsk j?. fJ; soQK yk; eoe/ fJfsjkf;e r[od[nkfonK T[go;zrwowo, ehwsh gZEoK s/ ;'B/ dh iVQs sK j' rJh j?, go fes/ Bk fes/;kv/ Xkofwe s/ Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh d/ eosk-Xosk thfJfsjkf;e gZy'A nDikDg[D/ ftu fJe tZvk Ngbk yk rJ/ jB. fi;eoe/ ;kv/ fJfsjkf;e r[od[nkfonK dk i' g[oksB ;o{g ;h, T[j ;kE'AUMb j' frnk j?l fi; dh fe GogkJh ed/ th BjhA j' ;e/rh.

pfjojkb fJfsjkf;e :kdrkoK d/ fJ; ;zdoG ftu wjkokikoDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A dk ;kvk nkgDk jh f;Zy oki ;kvh fJe tZvhfJfsjkf;e s/ ;fGnkukfoe Xo'jo d/ o{g ftu ;kvk pj[s jh FkBdkofto;k s/ ftok;s j?. ;kv/ e'b wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A dhnK ;kv/fJXob/ gzikp ftu jkb/ th nzfwqs;o, niBkbk, dhBkBro, pNkbk s/pvo[ZyK nkfd FfjoK ftu nkbhFkB fJwkosK jB i' fe fvrdhnK-YfjzdhnK nb'g j' ojhnK jB ns/ n;hA fJ; gkf;UA p/]po fij/ j' e/j'o jh Y'b/ dhnK bk oj/ jK.

;kvh ftok;sh Xo'jo d/ ;zdoG ftu ;kv/ e'b e[ZM pj[w[Zb/ Xkofwes/ fJfsjkf;e ;EkB jB, fiBQK B{z e"wh :kdrkoK dk b'VhAdk doik d/ e/nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK B{z ;zGkbD dh b'V j?. go nc;'; j? fe j[DfJfsjk;ekoK B/ th fJBQK j}koK e[opkBh d/ g[ziK B{z nDr"fbnk eooZfynk j? s/ ed/ th fJBQK d/ Bkw-gs/ ikBD bJh e'Jh iZd'-ifjd iKsodZd BjhA ehsk. id'A fe nzro/}K dh c"i ftu woB tkb/ fJe-fJenc;o s/ f;gkjh dk foekov nzro/}K B/ ;KfGnk j'fJnk j?.

fJ; gZy'A f;oc fJZe fw;kb ti'A nzro/}K s/ gzikphnK dofwnkBgzikp dh n}kdh bJh bVhnK rJhnK bVkJhnK d/ w?dkB w[deh c/o{Ffjo,pd'tkb, nkbhtkb s/ ;GoktK B{z ftef;s eoB dh b'V j?. y?o, d{ihn?Arb' f;Zy izr d/ w?dkB sK j[D gkfe;skB e'b ub/ rJ/ jB. fJE/ fJjdZ;Dk :'r j't/rk fe fJXo ;kv/ gzikp ftu w[Zdeh, c/o{Ffjo s/ ;GoktKd/ fJfsjkf;e ;EkBK Bz{ @B?FBb wkB{w?AN;# dk doik d/D tkbh ;zB1918 s'A ubh nk ojh B'Nhfce/FB B{z oZd eoe/ n}kd Gkos d/ ;w/A ;zB

473

1963 dh fJe B'Nhfce/FB d[nkok fJBQK e"wh :kdrkoK B{z e"wh :kdrkoKj'D d/ e"wh wkD s'A tKMk eo fdZsk frnk j?.

fJ; ;pzXh w?A eZ[M e[ sZE gzikp ;oeko d/ fXnkB r'uo eoB/ukjKrk fe w/o/ tb'A fJ; ;pzXh gzikp ;oeko tb'A ps"o efwFBofco'}g[o vth}B Gkos ;oeko d/ ;pzXs nfXekohnK Bkb ;zB 2006ftu n?Arb' f;y izr d/ fJBQK bVkJh d/ w?dkBK B{z e"wh :kdrkoK n?bkBD;pzXh rZbpks s/ b'VhAd/ :sB seohpB f;o/ uVQ rJ/ ;B. go gzikp d/;fGnkuko ftGkr tb'A nZr/ dh b'VhAdh ekotkJh Bk j'D eoe/ rZb fe;/sD-gZsD BjhA bZr ;eh. p/FZe fJj ;koh ekotkJh j[D ;oekoh gZsofttjko dk ykik jh pD rJh ikgdh j?.

fJ; soQK jh T[d'A Fjhd/-nk}w Grs f;zx, ;[yd/t, okir[o{ s/ pN[e/FtodZs dh j[;?Bhtkbk fty/ Fjhdh ;EZbh s/ s{Vh p}ko dk T[j u[pkokfiE/ fe Fjhd Grs f;zx s/ T[BQK d/ ;kEh eqKshekoh rshftXhnK dhftT[Aspzdh eod/ ;Bl fJBQK ;EkBK Bz{ e"wh :kdrkoK dk doik d/D pko/th ftuko-tNKdo/ f;o/ br rJ/ ;B. fJ; s'A fJbktk r[od[nkok;kokrVQh B{z th e"wh :kdrko x'fFs eoB dh ekotkJh w[zewb j' rJh;h. fJj ;kok gZso-fttjko fog'oN d/ o{g ftu gzikp ;oeko e'bgj[zu frnk ;h. go fJ; ;pzXh b'VhAd/ n?bkBBkw/ feT[A BjhA j' ;e/l j[Dj[D th nfXekohnK e'b'A g[S-gVskb d/ w[jski jB.

w/oh ;oeko Bz{ ;fBwo p/Bsh j? fe n;hA seohpB fJj fiZsh pk}hsK gzikp d/ fto;/ dh M'bh gk bJhJ/. p/Fe fJ; pko/ Gkos dhgkobhw?AN ftu gzikp d/ n?ZwHgh} B/ th ed/ ntk} p[bzd ehsh ;h, goj[D gsk BjhA fe ;kB{z fejVh rZb'A dfbZdoh Ee/tK T[so nkfJnk j? fen;hA Gkos ;oeko Bkb nkgDh ftok;s dh ;zGkb ;pzXh fJj ;'jDhpks gkT[Ad/-gkT[Ad/ nkg jh ;"A rJ/ jK. FkfJo ;kfep byBth ;kvh fJ;wkBf;esk dh pj[s ;'jDh soiwkBh eodk j'fJnk efjzdk j? feL-

pV/ F"e ;/ ;[B ojk ek }wkBkjwhA ;' rJ/ dk;sK efjs/-efjs/

;kvh e"w dh fJj sqk;dh j? fe fJzB/ r"otwJh fto;/-ftok;s d/tkfo; j'D d/ pkti{d th n;hA nkgDh nfeqsxDsk s/ bkgqtkjh d/ ekoB

474

nkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK gqsh fJe p/rkBrh fijh dk ;zskg jzYk oj/ jK.fco nkgDk FkBdko ;fGnkuko j'D d/ pknd th ;wkfie gZy'A d/F s/;wki ftu p/ukorh d/ nkbw ftu fiT[A oj/ jK. d[BhnKdkoh s/ b'ekukohfBGkT[D bJh n;hA pZ; e[ZM ;w/A tk;s/ M{mh-w{mh sfjohopk}h s/fpnkBpk}h eod/ ofjzd/ jK fe ;kB{z nkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK s'A gq/oDk b?Dhukjhdh j?.go fJ; gqEkfJ nwbh o{g ftu n;hA e[ZM BjhA eo oj/.

don;b pj[s jh e"Vh ;ZukJh fJj j? fe d'-YkJh eo'V gzikphnKftu'A w;K jh fJe-nZXk gqshFs Gkt bZy-v/Y bZy B{z jh nkgDh FkBdkofJfsjkf;e s/ ;fGnkukfoe ftok;s dk wkD-;t?wkD j't/rk. pZ; nkgD/wjkB fto;/ pko/ ;kv/ frnkB-fXnkB dh ewh ekoD n;hA p/wsbp fij/jh nkgD/ goT[gekoh g[ofynK s'A d{o j[zd/-j[zd/ pj[s jh d[o/v/ ik u[e/ jK.j[D nkw b'eK dk ydFk j? fe T[j fdB d{o BjhA fe id'A ;kvk FkBkwZskfJfsjk; ;kvh nDrfjbh d/ ekoB fwfEjk; jh pD ikt/rk.

fJ; tk;s/ gzikp dh @ftok;s s/ ;fGnkuko dh Bhsh# ftu f;Zyekb d/ FjhdK-w[ohdK dhnK e[opkBhnK s/ xkb ewkJh d/ Bkb-BkbGkos dh n}kdh d/ ;zxoF ftu d/F Grs e"wh ;g{sK tb'A ehs/ rJ/;zxoFK, e[opkBhnK s/ ekoBkfwnK dk T[u/uk f}eo eoBk pDdk j?.fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z nkgDh @ftfdne gqDkbh# ;pzXh Bhsh pDkT[D ;w/AnfXnksfwe, B?fse s/ e"wh edoK-ehwsK d/ nbzpodko g[ofynK s/ d/F GrsK d/ ihtB s'A fwbh f;Zfynk s/ gq/oDk B{z nkgDhnK BhshnK dk w{bnXko pDkT[D dh b'V j?. fco ;oeko B{z B/e BhshnK B{z ;wMD-;wMkT[D ns/ fJBQK Bz{ n;odkfJe sohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoB tk;s/ ;ysgfjok d/D dh th p/jZd b'V j?.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJj th pj[s }o{oh j? fe F[o{ s'A j[D sZe d/ j'J/e"w d/ rZdkoK s/ w[ypoK dhnK d/F s/ e"w fto'Xh wkVhnK ukbK s'A fJposs/ ;pe b?D s/ e"w Bz{ d/FXo'jh ekotkJhnK s'A ;[u/s eoB dh ro} Bkb;kv/ ;wki d/ fJBQK @ekb/ w{zj# u'oK-mrK d/ Bkw s/ ekbhnK eos{sK dkf}eo th ;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ftu }o{oh pDkfJnk ikt/. fJ;gqEkfJ ;kvh fJe b'e f;nkDg @wzd/ ezwh BkBek id-ed wzdk j'J/# dhfusktBh e"w d/ jo Bkrfoe d/ ezBK s'A wBK sZe g[Zidk eoB dh b'V j?.

475

y?o! fJ; ;zdoG ftZu ;kB{z nkgDh @j?ohN/i s/ ebuob# BhshpDkT[D ;w/A fJj th fXnkB ofjDk ukjhdk j? fe n;hA nkgD/ g[ofynKB{z :kd eoe/ T[BQK #s/ e'Jh nfj;kB BjhA eo oj/ ;r'A n;hA T[BQK d/ ;kv/#s/ nfj;kBK dk feqsrsk wkso F[eokBk jh eo oj/ jK. fJj ekoi;kvh s/ e"w s/ ;wki B{z pj[s d/o gfjbK jh eo d/Dk ukjhdk ;h, goj[D th v[ZbQ/ p/oK dk e[M BjhA ftrfVnk.

fJ; bJh j[D jh ;oeko s/ Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh B{z c"ohs"o #s/ fJZe fBFfus ;fGnkukoe Bhsh B{z pDkT[D s/ ngBkT[D dh b'Vj? sK fe ;kv/ g[ofynK dh FkBkwsh ftok;s s'A n;hA y[d ikD{z j' ;ehJ/s/ nkgDhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK ns/ d[BhnK B{z nkgD/ tv/fonK tZb'A;kvh @e"wh j'Ad s/ j;sh# B{z ;zGkbD s/ ;ztkoB tk;s/ ehs/ rJ/ wjkBekoBkfwnK s'A ikD{z eotk ;ehJ/.

;' j[D jh ;kvh Xkofwe ;z;Ek n?Z;HihHghH;hH, ;oekoh ;z;EknBzdg[o ;kfjp ckT{Av/FB s/ ;fGnkuko s/ ;?o-;gkNk ftGkr tk;s/fJe w"ek j? fe T[j j[D nkgD/ fJfsjk; d/ r[nku oj/ gzfBnK B{z ;zGkbDftu ;jkJh f;ZX j'D. go nc;'; fe e[Zb fwbk e/ nZi ;kvk ;G dk jkbfJj j? fe ;kB{z e"w d/ nB/eK jh e[opkBh d/ g[ziK d/ ;kB{z Bkw s/ EKtsK eh fuZs-u/s/ j'D/ jB, ;r'A n;hA sK T[BQK d/ d/F fgnko s/ e[opkBhnKGo/ cb;c/ B{z th G[Zb u[e/ jK.

i/ ni'e/ ;w/A dh rZb eohJ/ sK n;hA f;oc e"wh ;g{sK d/ FjhdhfdjkfVnK s/ FskpdhnK B{z fe;/ ;oe; iK fcbw tKr ;wM oj/ jK ns/yk; eoe/ n;hA nkgD/ FjhdK d/ ihtB s/ \b;\/ d/ sK w"Bh-pkfpnK tKr{zf;oc s/ f;oc w{e doFe jh pD u[e/ jK.

nc;'; dh rb j? fe gzikp ;oeko s/ yk; eoe/ gzEe ;oekon}kdh s'A pknd j[D sZe th nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK, FjhdK s/ d/F GrsKdh fJ; e"wh ftok;s ns/ ;kv/ FkBkwZs/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;zGkbD ;pzXhe'Jh fBZro, fBFfuZs s/ fwnkoh Bhsh fBoXkfos BjhA eo ;eh. p/FZe;kv/ e'b ;zx'b, yNeV ebK s/ nzfwqs;o fty/ nikfJp xo s/ nkoNr?bohnK jB, fJ; s'A fJbktk c/o{ Ffjo s/ b[fXnkDk fty/ ;?fBefwT{}hnw pD/ j'J/ jB, go fJBQK dh ;KG-;zGkb s/ fJZE/ gJhnK

476

:kdrkoh t;sK d/ oZy-oykU d/ B}ohJ/ d/ gZy'A fJj :kdrkoh ;wkoenkgDh d[odFk dk o'Dk o' oj/ jB. fJBQK dh cN/-jkb s/ y;sk jkbsd/ ;Bw[y d/y e/ fJE/ ;?bkBh s/ FoXkb{ sK Bkw-wkso jh nkT[Ad/ jB.

;kv/ nikfJp xoK dh fJj nZyhA d/yh ;fEsh e'Jh nfseEBh iKnb'uBk BjhA j? feT[Afe ftok;s-J/-ykb;k nBzdg[o ;kfjp s/ nzfwqs;ofty/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx nikfJp xo B{z SZv e/ ;kv/ ;ko/ pkehnikfJp xoK ftu eK jh g?Ad/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ dfonk fdbh Bkb nkgDke;{o wzBd/ j'J/, ;r'A ;oeko s/ yk; eoe/ n?Z;HihHghH;hH B{z ukjhdk j? fej[D T[j ;qh nkBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ j?ohN/i ezgb?e; s/ j'o BtfBowkfDs;wkoeK Bz{ j[D Bkb'A th j'o tZX fwnkoh pDkT[D. fJ; T[gozs T[j fJBQKnikfJp xoK dh so} #s/ T[j nkgDhnK pkeh :kdrkoK B{z th fJe;'jDh soshp d/ e/ nkgD/ FkBdko fto;/-ftok;s B{z ;zGkbD bJh fJe;KMk s/ seVk jzGbk wkoB.

fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kvhnK ;wZoE Xkofwe s/ ftfdne ;z;EktK Bz{ ukjhdksK fJj j? fe ;kv/ e"wh ;g{sK ns/ T[BQK dh :kd s/ ekoBkfwnK Bz{ T[BQK dhiBwG{wh s/ eowG{wh d/ fgzvK s/ FfjoK Bkb i'VB s/ gqukoD dk j[D sZedk G[Zfbnk j'fJnk eow s/ ekoi g{ok eoB. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;oeko B{znkgDh ;fGnkuko s/ ftok;s ;pzXh Bhsh fBoXkfos eoB ;w/A d/F d/ e"wh;g{sK B{z fJfsjkf;e s"o #s/ d/F s/ ekb d/ gq;zr ftu w[V s'A do;k e/;kvhnK B"itkB s/ ftfdnkoEh ghVQhnK Bz{ e"wh FjhdK, ;zxoFh :'fXnK s/ d/F GrsK pko/ ikDekoh d/D dk seVk T[gokbk eoB dh b'V j?.

;kB{z nkgDh FkBdko s/ nkbQk Xkofwe s/ @FjhdK dh ftok;s# dh BhshfBoXkfos eoB T[gozs T[Zu gkJ/ dh tXhnk s/ fwnkoh f;Zfynk Bhsh d[nkoknkgDhnK Xkofwe, fJfsjkf;e, ;kfjfse s/ ;fGnkukfoe Xo'joK B{zgfjbK ;zGkbD s/ fco fJ; B{z gq;koD dh b'V j?. fJ; soQK nkgDhnK fJBQK;wkfie s/ ;fGnkukfoe BhshnK ftu nkgDh ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko dh;w[Zuh nwho ftok;s B{z Fkwb eoB T[gozs nkgD/ nkg s'A b? e/ ;z;ko God/ b'eK sZe ikDekoh gj[zukT[D s/ gqukoD dh b'V j?.

p/FZe nZi T[go'es gq;zr nB[;ko brdk sK fJj j? fe ;kvh e"w d/nZi d/ tkfo; f;Zy ekb d/ g[oksB FjhdK s/ w[ohdK dh rZb sK fJe gk;/

477

ojh, ;r'A n}kdh d/ gqtkfBnK s/ ;kv/ nB/eK goT[gekoh d/F GrsK B{zfgSb/ 65 ;kbK ftu T[BQK d/ gfotkoK d/ tkfo; th ;kv/ tKr{z jhG[b-G[bk u[Ze/ j'Dr/. p/FZe ;kv/ cohvw ckJhNo Gkt n}kdh x[bkNhJ/ sKj[D sZe fes/ fJeV-d[ZeV s/ ftob/-NKt/ jh ofj rJ/ j'Dr/l fJ; tk;s/fezBK jh uzrk j't/ fe i/ T[BQK d/ tkfo;K B{z jkb/ th n;hA fJj wkDwfj;{; eotk ;ehJ/ fe nZi th n}kdh ;zrokwhnK gqsh ;kvh e"w feqsZrs/ F[eor[}ko j?.

;kvk fJj feqsrskg{oB fJ}jko/-yk; d/F GrsK d/ tkfo;K B{z fJjnfj;k; eotkT[D ftu ;jkJh j't/rk fe T[BQK d/ g[oy/ n?t/A e'Jh ewb/-owb/ iB{zBh BjhA ;Bl ;r'A T[j e"w d/ ;Zu/ s/ y?oytkj cfoFs/ ;BlfiBQK dhnK e[opkBhnK okfJrkB BjhA rJhnK ns/ nZi jo n}kd Gkostk;h T[BQK B{z f;idk-;bkw eodk j?.

fJE/ ;wMD tkbh rZb j? fe i/ ftneshrs iK ;w{fje s"o #s/ n;hAiK ;kvhnK ;oekoK d/F GrsK dh edo BjhA eodhnK sK T[BQK phs u[Ze/ eZbQd/ FjhdK s/ d/F GrsK B{z sK coe BjhA g?Dk. go oZp Bk eo/ i/ fes/ d/F B{z wkVk tes g? frnk sK d/F B{z pukT[D tkb/ d/F Grs d[pkok bZG/ thBjhA bZGD/. ;kv/ g[ofynK tb'A fJ; ;zdoG ftu g/FhBr'Jh ti'A ezX #s/ fbyhfJpkos B{z j[D gVQB-;wMD dh b'V j?.

fJ; ;{os ftu fco j'o th ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB dh b'V j? fefijVhnK e"wK nkgD/ FjhdK B{z G[Zb iKdhnk jB, T[j th wo-w[e iKdhnKjB. fJ; bJh t/y b?Dk fe pZ; oZp dk fJj pVk e[dosh fijk GkDk ;kv/#s/ th ;t/o-pd/o nZi iK Gbe Bkf}b j'fJnk fe j'fJnk jh ;wM'. fJ;bJh UVe ;kB{z nkgD/ eko/-tosko/ s/ GZdoekfonK dk fbfynk-gfVQnk nkgjh ftuko b?Dk ukjhdk j?. fco Bk efjDk fe fe;/ r[o{-gho B/ ;kB{z nkgD/g[ofynK s/ tv/fonK B{z :kd oZyD dk fJj @r[owzso# gVQkfJnk jh BjhA ;hns/ iK fco fe;/ @gKX/-gkVQ/# B/ ;kB{z fJj @ckow{bk# dZf;nk-;wMkfJnk jhBjhA ;h.

478

2 7

;kv/ ;fGnkuko d/ ftok;sh ]}kfBnK dh ;zGkb;wki dh fJe gqwkfDs ;wkfie XkoDk j? fe r[o{, gho, Fjhd s/

;zxoFh :'X/ fe;/ th ;wki d/ ofjpo s/ ofjB[wk j[zd/ jB. T[BQK dhnKe[opkBhnK s/ wkor doFB ;dek jh ntkw dh e"wh j'Ad s/ j;sh j[zdhj?. fJT[A jh ;kfjseko s/ ebkeko fe;/ th ;wki dh wkBf;e u/szBsks/ ;wkfie ikro{esk d/ gqshe j[zd/ jB. fco ;kv/ pjkdo ;?fBe ;kvh;wkfie s/ okiBhfse ;[ofynk d/ ikwB ns/ ;kvhnK ;ojZdK d/ oytkb/j[zd/ jB. ;kvhnK y/vK s/ fyvkoh e"w dh Bo'Jh wkBf;esk s/ szdo[;sekfJnk dk ne; j[zd/ jB. fJ; bJh jh jo e"w tk;s/ @;kT{Av wkJhAvfJB ;kT{Av pkvh# fJe n}w{dk wzso ;kfps j'fJnk j? feT[Afe @seVkwB seV/ sB# ftu jh fBtk; eodk j? ns/ fJ; d/ T[bN @ftjbk wBF?skB dk uoyk# j[zdk j?.

f;o/ dh rZb fJj j? fe e"w dh T[;koh ftu ;wki d/ ty'-tZy y/soK d/ f;oiDksfwe fJB;kBK, p[bzd feodko pzfdnK s/ uVQdh ebktkb/ B/epys uzr/ ihnK dk nkgDk jh ftF/F :'rdkB j[zdk j?. fJj e"wh;g{s nkgDh xkbDk s/ ekoBkfwnK ;dek ;wki s/ d/Ftk;hnK Bz{ fJeftZe'fbso/ fij/ ;t?wkD d/ nfj;k; Bkb ;oFko eod/ jB. fco fJ;soQK fJj e"wh f;sko/ d/F s/ e"w dh ;fGnsk s/ ;z;feqsh d/ fJfsjk;,;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko dh fBt/ebh gSkD pDd/ jB.

fco d/F s/ ;wki dh ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko ftu fJfsjk;,;kfjs, ;{yw ebktK s/ ;zrhs nkgD/ fJfsjk;ekoK, ;kfjsekoK s/ ebkekoKdh pd"bs gDgd/ s/ g;od/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ jh e"wh ;kfjs s/ ;kfjs d/nbzpodko b/ye, p[Xhihth s/ ebkeko fe;/ ;wkfie fyZs/ dh e"wh wkBf;eskdk nzsoht X[ok j[zd/ jB. d[BhnK Go dhnK g[okDhnK ;fGnsktK ftu fiZE/;kfjse gZy s'A :{BkB, fw;o, o'w s/ uhB nkfd dk f}eo nkTA[Adk j?, T[E/jh gzikp ftu fort/d ;fGnsk dk Bkw f;ow"o s/ F'qwDh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu id'A n;hA gzikp dh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh pDkT[D dhrZb eod/ jK sK fJ; tk;s/ gzikp d/ wkDwZs/ ;fGnkuko s/ ;kfjs dhftok;s B{z ;zGkbD ns/ fco gqukoD s/ gq;koD dh p/jZd }o{os j?.

479

fBo;zd/j gzikp dk ;kfjs pj[s jh nwho j?. fJj fJe wzBh-gqwzBh XkoBkj? fe ;kfjs s/ ebk B{z ;G s'A gfjbK n}kd f\}k dh b'V j[zdh j?, fiE/ fe;kfjsekoK s/ ebkekoK B{z wkBf;e n}kdh s/ y[Zbfdbh dk nfj;k; j't/.fi; ;dek T[j nkgD/ wBK dh rZb y[ZbQ e/ efj ;ed/ j'D. ;r'A T[BQK B{z w"e/dhnK ;oekoK tb'A ;ogq;sh s/ wdd th doeoko j't/.

;kvh n}hw nfXnksfwe s/ ;kfjse ftok;sL-

;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ ;zsK-GrsK dh pkDh d/ p'fjE @nkfd rqzE# ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ o{g ftu b'ekJh B{z oZph s/ o{jkBh todkB fwfbnkj'fJnk j?. ;kvh wjkB nfXnksfwe ftok;s ti'A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ihdh pkDh nfXnksfwe s/ ;wkfie ;ZukJhnK dk w{b ;'wk j?. @nkfd rqzE#ftu w[ZY-edhwh Xkofwe s/ nfXnksfwe ns/ nkgDhnK ;wekbh ;wkfies/ okiBhfse gq;fEshnK d/ toDB d/ Bkb-Bkb ;wki Bz{ nkdoF ihtB;/X s/ ihtB iku dh ;'Mh d/ e/ b'ekJh dk ftbZyD s/ ftF/F wkor doFBehsk frnk j?. r[opkDh ftuko gzikphnK dh ihtB F?bh s/ ihtB ikudk nXko j?. f;Zy ;z;ko dh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp s/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB #s/nEkj nk;Ek s/ N/e j?.

;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ ;zsK-GrsK B/ r[opkDh d[nkok nfXnkswtkddhnK o[jkBh ow}K s'A b? e/ f;o/ dhnK ;wkfie ;ZukJhnK dZ; e/ wB[ZyskB{z B/e-Bkw ;dkukfoe ihtB tZb s'oB dk :sB ehsk j?. fJ; ;zdoGftu fJe' jh GktBk fbyD s/ ;wMD dh b'V j? fe r[opkDh ;kvk gqkDnXko j? s/ fJ; Bz{ nkgDk ihtB nXko pDkT[Dk jo f;Zy dk jhBjhA, ;r'A jo gzikph dk Xow j?. fJ; tk;s/ @r[opkDh d/ ukBD# Bz{;z;ko dhnK uj[ze{NK ftu d[BhnK sZe gj[zukT[Dk s/ gqukoDk ;kv/ ihtBdk w[y ;zebg s/ T[d/F j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

;kfjse ftok;sL-

fJj efjD -;[DB dh }o{os BjhA j? fe fizBk gzikp dk ;fGnkukoy[Fjkb j?, T[Bk jh gzikp dk ;kfjs nwho j?. ;kfjs s/ ebk d/ ftek;s/ ftrk; bJh ;G s'A gfjbK sK n}kd ;'u s/ fco y[ZbQh-y[bk;h f\}k dhb'V jz[dh j?, fiE/ fe fJfsjk;ekoK, ;kfjsekoK s/ ebkekoK B{z wkBf;en}kdh dk nfj;k; j't/ ns/ T[j nkgD/ wB dh t/dBk-;zt/dBk dh rZb

480

y[ZbQ e/ eo ;ed/ j'D. fJ; s'A fJbktk T[BQK B{z w"e/ dhnK ;oekoK tb'A;ogq;sh s/ wdd th doeoko j't/.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;G s'A gfjbK Xkofwe rqzEK s'A pknd feZ;k ekftdh rZb nkT[Adh j? i' fe ;kvhnK j' u[ZehnK p}[or ghVQhnK dh dkfBFwzdhs/ ftdtsk d/ ;[w/b dk gqshe j?. feZ;k ekft d[nkok th frnkBtkBethnK B/ f;o/ dhnK ;ZukJhnK d;d/ j'J/ wB[Zysk B{z B/e-Bkw ihtB tZbs'oB dk :sB ehsk j?. ;kv/ p}[orK dhnK nebwzdh Gog{o ;wkfie s/Xkofwe B;hjsK tkbk feZ;k ekft s/ ethFoh gqzgok nZi s'A ;Zm e[ ;kbgfjbK UMb j' u[Zeh j?.

fBo;zd/j b"fee ;kfjs Bkb n;hA nkgDh ;fGnsk ns/ ;fGnkukoBkb i[Vd/ jK. nZi b'V j? fe fJ; ;ko/ ;kfjs Bz{ ;zGkbD tk;s/ ukj/f}bQ/ Bz{ fJekJh wzfBnk ikt/ iK ;kfjsekoK dhnK ouBktK Bz{ nXko pDke/ ;N/N gZXo #s/ ;zGkfbnk ikt/. i/ n;hA wK p'bh dk ;Zuw[Zu jh ;fsekoeod/ jK sK ;kv/ bJh nkgD/ fJ; fto;/ Bz{ ;zGkbDk fJe tzrko j?.gzikp ;oeko, n?Z;HihHghH;hH, ;kvhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK, GkFk ftGkr,;[fjod gqekFe s/ ;kfjse ;z;EktK Gkt ;kvh ;G dh fJj ;KMh f}zw/tkoh j? sK jh sK n;hA pj[s ehwsh, d[obZG s/ fgT[-dkd/ d/ y}kB/ Bz{,u{fjnK s/ f;T[Ae d/ wz{j'A y'j e/ ;kv/ ;kfjs ;z;ko dh ;/tk eo ;eKr/.

n}kdh s'A pknd yk; eoe/ G"fse s/ gdkoEtkdh y/so ftuwB'oziB dhnK BthnK f;wsK-f;csK ;dek ns/ Bt/A-Bt/A nwho pDB dkukn ;kBz{ otkfJsh s/ ftok;sh ;fGnkukoe y[Fjkbh s/ ;[Gkn dhnwhoh s'A pj[s d{o b? frnk j?. pj[s d{o dh rZb BjhA fe T[BhA ;";ZmftnK s'A feZ;k ekft dk fJj ;fGnkuko nb'g jh j' frnk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ nikfJp xoK ftu Xkofwe s/ ;kfjse ouBktK s/ T[BQKd/ ouDjkfonK pko/ ikDekoh fdZsh ikDh pj[s }o{oh j?, go fJ; s'A thtZX fgzv-fgzv s/ Bro-Bro ftu bkfJpq/ohnK ;Ekfgs eoB dh b'V j?sK fe e"w ftu j[D sZe wBch j' u[ek gVQB-fbyD dk F"e fco s'A g?dkj' ;e/. ;zy/g ftu fejk ik ;edk j? fe gzikph e"w ftu pjkdoh s/f;Zde f;oV dhnK p/jZd uzrhnK f;csK jB, go fiZE'A sZe nkgD/ tv/fonK pko/ ikDekoh iK nkgD/ fJfsjkf;e s/ ;kfjse ]}kB/ B{z ikBD-

481

;wMD dk ;tkb j?, T[; gZy'A ;kB{z ;{yw ebk dk frnkB s/ fbyD-gVQBdk F"e Bk j'D d/ ekoB ;kvh e"w nBgVQ BjhA sK nXgVQ }o{o j?.

id'A n;hA gzikp dh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh B{z e'Jh fBZro s/ fwnkoho{g-;o{g d/D dh rZb eod/ jK sK gzikp ;oeko dh fJ; gkfb;h ftu;kv/ ;wki d/ fJfsjk;ekoK, ;kfjsekoK, feZ;kekoK, YkvhnK, ethFoK,rtzsohnK Bz{ T[BQK dk pDdk :'r ;EkB d/D dh nfjwhns tZb fXnkBd/D dh b'V j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu feZ;/ekoK, YkvhnK s/ rtzsohnK B/ F[o{s'A jh e"w Bz{ nkgDhnK tkoK s/ ;ZdK d/ Bkb e"w ftu i'F s/ T[sFkj Goe/ uVQdh ebk dk i}pk g?dk ehsk j?. fJ; tk;s/ j[D th fJ; tXhnke"wh gqzgok B{z pjkb eoB dh nfsnzs }o{os j?.

gfNnkbk ;zrhs xokDkL-

fJ; gq;zr ftu d[BhnK d/ ;zrhs-;z;ko ftu Gkos d/ Fk;soh ;zrhsdh ;dhnK s'A uVQs ojh j?. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s/ opkph wodkB/ dh;zrhfse i'Vh B/ r[opkDh B{z okrK ftu T[uko e/ gzikp d/ ;fGnkuko B{z;zrhs dh Bk:kp d/D fdZsh j?. pkpk BkBe B{z sK d[BhnK B/ jZe pikBpjh @opkph pkpk# s/ GkJh wodkB/ B{z @opkph# fejk j?. thjthA ;dh dk;G s'A wjkB fcbk;co UF' sK fJE'A sZe efjzdk j? fe pkp/ BkBe B/ sKnekb g[oy B{z rk e/ jh gkfJnk j?.

;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ th opkph gqzgok dh pVh ;ogq;sh ehsh.T[j nkg th pV/ tZv/ ;zrhseko ;B, fi; ;dek T[BQK B/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjpdh pkDh B{z okrK ftu soshp fdZsh. fco ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B/Ykvh gqzgok s/ tkoK B{z f;Zy wZs ftu pj[s jh ;BwkB:'r ;EkB fdZsk.

;zB 1850 d/ eohp gfNnkbk okixokD/ d/ wjkokik Bfozdo f;zxB/ nkgD/ ;w/A ftu ;zrhs dh d[BhnK B{z @gfNnkbk ;zrhs xokD/# d/ BKn#s/ ;ogq;sh d/ e/ gzikp dhnK ;{yw ebktK s/ ebkekoK dh pVh tZvh ;/tk ehsh. go nc;'; fe n;hA pV/ tZv/ B[eskuhB s/ p/wsbp fij/e{jDhwko j'D d/ Bks/ @gfNnkbk g?Zr# B{z sK nkgD/ fdb ftu bkbutZ;t;k oZfynk j?, go @gfNnkbk xokD/# d/ tXhnk Fk;soh ;zrhs B{z wB'Ajh ft;ko fdZsk j?.

fJ; soQK jh gzikph ;fGnkuko d/ b'e Bku, b'e p'bhnK s/ b'e

482

;zrhs ;G e[ZM ;kv/ bJh gokfJnk jh j' u[ek j?. ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ekb s'A uZb/ nk oj/ r[owfs ;zrhs d/ w{b nXko szsh;k} fit/A fe opkp,;kozrh, ;kfozdk, skT{; s/ fwodzr fij/ ;k}K s/ ;kfizfdnK dh Bk sK fes/e'Jh rZb-eZE j[zdh j? s/ Bk jh ;kB{z fJj ;k}-;kfizd/ j[D fes/ nkwt/yD B{z fwbd/ jB. fJj th fJe e"Vh ;ZukJh j? fe Fpd rkfJB;w/A nZi r[owfs ;zrhs dh EK fcbwh so}K jkth jB s/ r[owfs ;zrhsed/-edkJhA jh ;[DB B{z fwbdk j?.

p/FZe fJ; gk;/ n?Z;HihHghH;hH dk fXnkB frnk j? s/ gfjbK Bkb'AtZvh jZd sZe ;[Xko th j'fJnk j?, go fes/ Bk fes/ fco e'Jh Bt/A }wkB/dh row jtk dk g[ZfNnk rkfJe jkb/ th Fpd rkfJB ;w/A r[owfs ;zrhsdh EK nkgDh fcbwh ;[o dk nbkg eo jh iKdk j?.

y?o! ;kvhnK pz;ohnK, nbr'}/, yVskbK, YZv-;kozrhnK, prd{ s/S?D/ nZi fes/ o?;N'o?ANK s/ j'NbB[wk jt/bhnK ftu sK tgkoe fij/B}ohJ/ s'A oZyhnK rJhnK jB, go fJj ;k}-;fozd/ s/ tki/-rki/ ;kv/gzikph ;zrhs dh Xo'jo j'D ti'A fes/ th ;kv/ nikfJp xoK ftu ;zGkb/BjhA rJ/. fJE/ fco ;wMD tkbh rZb pkeh fJj jh ofj iKdh j? fed[pkok fJj ;kv/ ;ko/ @ftok;sh pkp/# ;kB{z bZfGnK th BjhA bZGD/.

fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ g[okD/ fJfsjk;eko s/ ;kfjseko nZi ;kvhgzikphns dh ;KMh ftok;s pD u[e/ jB. go nZi gzikph ;fGnkuko d/fJj f;sko/ gzikp dh Xosh #s/ E'Vh d/o uweD wro'A n;wkBh skfonKBkb ik fwb/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ fJBQK ftdtkBK dh ;kfjse s/ fJfsjkf;exkb ewkJh dh fBFkBh fJBQK dhnK ouBktK B{z ;zGkbD dh b'V j?. fJ;bJh ;kB{z ukjhdk j? fe fJBQK dhnK fJfsjk;e s/ ;kfjse ouBktK B{zFfjoK, BroK s/ fgzvK sZe dhnK bkfJpq/ohnK sZe gj[zukJhJ/.

fJj pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe nzro/}h ;kfjsftu i/ nfXnkswtkd dk eth fwbNB j'fJnk j? sK gzikph ;kfjs dkgq'H g{oB f;zx T[; Bkb'A fe;/ rZb'A th xZN BjhA j?. fco i/ fJzrb?Av dke[dos gq/wh eth tovo}toE j? sK T[; dh s[bBk ;kv/ eth GkJh thof;zx Bkb ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, go nc;'; fe ;kB{z j[D sZe th ;kv/ftfdne e'o;K ftu GkJh tho f;zx dh s[bBk tovo}toE Bkb ehs/

483

ikD dh w[Ekih j?. nzro/}K d/ o'wK;tkdh eth pkfJoB, F?bh s/ ehN;d/ w[ekpb/ ftu ;kv/ ni'e/ ;w/A dk fpojk dk ;[bskB fJeZbk fFt e[wkopNkbth jh ekch j?, go fJE/ th ;kvh f;Zfynk gqDkbh ftu @xo dk i'rhi'r Bk s/ pkjo dk i'rh f;ZX# tkbh rZb pDh j'Jh j?.

fJ; soQK jh p/FZe nwoheB ;kfjs d/ wzB/-gqwzB/ ofj;tkd d/fbykoh j?Boh v/ftv E''o', tkbN ftNw?B s/ o?bc tkbv' n?wo;B j'J/jB, go fJ; gZy'A ;kv/ w'jB f;zx dhtkBk, gq'H g{oB f;zx s/ dhtkB f;zxekb/gkDh T[BQK d/ Bkb g{ok wfVZed/ jB. fJ; ftu FZe BjhA fe fveB}s/ jkovh ;z;ko gqf;ZX Bktfb;N j'J/ jB, go gzikp d/ i;tzs f;zxeztb s/ r[ofdnkb f;zx i?s' th fe;/ rZb'A xZN BjhA jB. pZ; i/ e'Jhcoe j? sK T[j ;kvh wkVh wkBf;e s/ fJZbQsh ;'u dk j? fe fijVh ;kB{z@d{i/ dh Ekbh ftu jw/Fk jh tZvk bZv{# fdykT[Adh ofjzdh j?.

go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe ;kv/ nkgD/ T[Zusw ftfdne ndko/ jkb/th ;kB{z @w?ekb/ d/ pZu/# jh ;wMd/ jB ns/ j[D th ;kB{z nkgfDnK Bkb'Afes/ tZX p/rkfBnK B{z ngDkT[D dh f;Zfynk d/ oj/ jB. fJ; dk fJe w[ZyekoB fJj th j? fe @e[ZS ewh jwhA w/A Eh, i' :kd T[B e' Bk nk ;e/#l fJ; dk wsbp ;gFN j? fe n;hA gfjbK sK nkgDh r[bkw wkBf;eskd/ ekoB nkgfDnK dh T[gwk s/ T[BQK d/ ezwK dh tfvnkJh ;pzXh e[ZMpj[sk ikDd/ jh BjhA jK. fco i/ n;hA ikDd/ th jK sK fJ; ;ZukJh B{zwzBD bJh fsnko jh BjhA jK fe ;kv/ nkgD/ g[oy/ ^?o-w[beh tv/fonKs'A fe;/ gZy'A th fgZS/ BjhA ;B.

r[o{e[b gqzgok d/ nbzpodko f;Zfynk Fk;sohnK B{z nkdo-wkD d/D dh b'VL-

fJ; soQK jh ;oekoh ftGkrK s/ yk; eoe/ f;Zfynk ftGkr d/nfij/ j'o th fwnkoh s/ fw;kbh nc;o s/ nfXnkge j'J/ jB, fiBQK B/fe ;kvh gqkuhB r[o{e[b f;Zfynk gqDkbh dh wjkB gqzgok B{z pky{phfBGkfJnk j?. fJBQK B/ nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z f;Zfynk d/D d/ Bkb BkbT[BQK d/ ufoZso fBowkD d/ ekoi B{z th nkgD/ ihtB dk w[Zy wzstpDkfJnk. ftfdnk d/ g;ko s/ nfXnkgB d/ fJ; y/so ftud/t ;wki ;z;EktK d/ w[yh w/o/ pkpk ih ;qH JhFto f;zx, np'jo s/;zrohJ/ d/ fJbkfenK ftu 1950ftnK s'A th gfjbK f;Zfynk dk g;ko

484

eoB tkb/ ;tkwh e/Ftk Bzd, w/o/ fgsk ih ;qH niw/o f;zx f;ZX{,fgqz;hgb e/H n?ZbH eg{o, gq'c?;o gqhsw f;zx s/ gq'c?;o eow f;zx tor/j'o th f;Zfynk y/so d/ fezB/ jh nfij/ Bkw jB, fiBQK B{z nZi thftfdnkoEh irs f;idk eodk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w?B{z nkgD/ dkdk ih s/ nkgD/ gkgk ih d/ Fpd :kdnkT[Ad/ jB fe T[j ed/ th nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z ed/ th ftrV/ pZu/BjhA ;wMd/ ;B, ;r'A r[o{e[b s/ FKsh fBe/sB fijhnK ;z;EktK dhnKgqzgoktK fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/ T[j nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK dk ufoso fBowkDeoe/ T[BQK B{z ;wki T[;koh d/ ezwK ftu nkT[Ad/ ;B. fJj jh ekoB j?fe nZi dk efEs s"o #s/ ftrfVnk ftfdnkoEh tor nkgDh tZvh ghVQhs/ yk; eoe/ f;Zfynk Fk;sohnK dh nDrfjbh eoe/ nkgD/ okj s'AGNfenk j'fJnk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu ftfdne y/so d/ nfij/ B/e-Bhns nukohnK,nfXnkgeK s/ B/e fJB;kBK dh ;wki B{z d/D ns/ T[BQK dh f;Zfynk s/ T[BQKdh fwZmh :kd B{z gzikp dh @f;Zfynk gqDkbh# ns/ ;fGnkuko dh Bhshd[nkok g[Bo ;[oihs eoB dh p/nzs b'V j? sK fe ;kvhnK ni'ehnK s/nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK yk; eoe/ ftfdnkoEh ghVQhnK nfij/ T[;skdKd/ ihtBK, T[BQK d/ ;zxoFK s/ T[BQK dh nkgD/ eosZt gqsh fBFmk s'A ;perqfjD eoe/ f}zdrh ftu nrKj tXD dh gq/oDk b? ;eD.

;kv/ oDpKefonK dh ftok;sL-

fco fJ; s'A pknd ;ojZdK s/ d/F s/ e"w d/ oytkb/ c"ihnK, d/F dkwkD tXkT[D tkb/ fyvkohnK, j'o T[ZxhnK Xkofwe s/ ;wkfie Fy;hnsKd/ ekoBkfwnK ns/ T[BQK tb'A ;wki B{z tZy-tZy y/soK ftu fdZs/ rJ/:'rdkB dk ftF/F f}eo eoBk pDdk j?. ;[szsosk ;zrokwhnK d/ n}kdhtk;s/ ehs/ ;zxoFK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;[GkF uzdo p'; s/ iBob w'jD f;zxfij/ ;{opho d/F Grs ;?fBeK dh n}kd fjzd c"i B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx;kfjp d/ c[owkB @@u{z eko n} jhbs/ do r[}Fs. jbkb n;s p[odBpk FwFho d;s## nB[;ko n}kdh d/ ;zrokw #s/ c"ih gfjok bkT[D dh}o{os wfj;{; j'Jh. fJ; soQK nkJhHn?ZBHJ/H d/ iBob w'jD f;zx s'A b?e/ iBob FkjfBtk} ykB, eoBb r[opyF f;zx fYZb'A s/ eoBb gq/w

485

e[wko ;fjrb s/ T[BQK dh gsBh okDh MK;h o?ihw?AN dh ewKvo eoBbbeFwh ;fjrb d/ Bkw ns/ T[BQK dh n}kd fjzd c"i d/ ;[Bfjo/ :'rdkBdh :kd ;kB{z nZi G[Zb-G[bk jh rJh j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu f}eo:'r j? fe ;oekoh s"o #s/ wzB/ rJ/ sZEK s'A}kjo j[zdk j? fe n}kdh d/ ;zxoF ftZu 135 gzikphnK B{z cK;h fdZshrJh, fJBQK ftu'A 93 f;Zy ;B. fJ; soQK jh 2596 gzikphnK B{z T[woe?d j'Jh, fJBQK ftu'A 2147 f;Zy ;B. fJzvhnB B?FBb nkowh d/ e[Zb32000 FjhdK ftu'A 20000 f;Zy ;B. iBob w'jD f;zx s/ B/sk ih;[GkF uzdo p'; dh fJzvhnB B?FBb nkowh ftZu 60% nc;o s/ f;gkjhf;Zy s/ gzikph jh ;B.

T[; s'A pknd Gkosh c"i ftu yk; eoe/ gzikph ;?fBeK dk 1947dh tzv ;w/A gkfe;skB pkovo #s/ ns/ fco 1962 dh Gkos-uhB izr,gkfe;skB Bkb ;zB 1965 s/ 1971 dhnK d' izrK ns/ ekofrb fijhnKfezBhnK jh bVkJhnK d/ FjhdK s/ :'fXnK dh d/F ;/tk s/ e"w bJh ehshe[opkBh nZi ;kv/ tb'A fJfsjk; d/ gzfBnK ftu nzfes BjhA j' ojh.

fJ; soQK FjhdK dhnK po;hnK s/ FskpdhnK ns/ yk; eoe/ j[D tKr{zu'DK tkb/ ;kbK ftu fJj bhvo b'e FjhdK d/ Bkw #s/ f;nk;s eo e/ T[BQKdhnK e[opkBhnK B{z bkj/wkso G[BkT[Ad/ ub/ nk oj/ jB. fJj j'o th rzGhoskBkb ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe n;hA seohpB fgSbh fJe ;dh s'A ns/ yk;s"o #s/ n}kdh s'A pknd nkgD/ r[o{nK s/ FjhdK dhnK e"w gqsh ehshnKe[opkBhnK ns/ T[BQK d/ ihtB \b;\/ B{z d[BhnK ftu gqukoD s/ gq;koD bJheh ehsk ns/ j[D eh eo oj/ jK< eh n;hA nkgD/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ftuiK nkgD/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu nkgD/ e[opkBh d/ g[ziK s/ T[BQK d/ e"wh;zxoFK B{z nkdo:'r ;EkB d/ ;e/ jK<

fJ; soQK jh 12 ;szpo 1897 B{z ;kokrVQh dh bVkJh d/ iKpk}jtkbdko Fjhd JhFo f;zx fgzv r[VQ/ sfj;hb irokT[A dh nrtkJh ftue[b 21 ftu'A 21 Fjhd j'D tkb/ ;?fBeK d/ Bkw s/ gs/ e"w Bz{ ni dZ;Ddh b'V j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu w?Bz{ y[Fh j? fe w?A ek\h y'i s'A pknd fJBQK ;ko/21 FjhdK d/ Bkw, tbdhns s/ fgzvK d/ f;oBktA/ gqkgs eoB ftu ;cbj'fJnk jK ns/ fJj ikDekoh w?A nkgDhnK g[;seK s/ b/yK ftu eJh tko

486

eo u[ek jK.

fco j'o r"osbp j? fe fJBQK pko/ coK;, p?bihnw s/ fJzrb?Av ftusK pZfunK Bz{ w[Ybh f;fynk d/ d"okB jh df;nk ik fojk j?, go ;kv/ftfdnkoEhnK B{z sK eh ;r'A ;kB{z th fJBQK FjhdK pko/ nZi sZe th e'JhikDekoh BjhA j?. p/FZe n;hA jo ;kb fco'}g[o fty/ 12 ;szpo Bz{ ;kokrVQhfdt; wBkT[Ad/ jK, go fJ; d/ pkti{d th ;kB{z ed/ fynkb BjhA nkfJnk fefiBQK eoe/ gzikp dk Bkw d[BhnK dhnK gkm g[;seK ftu Fkfwb j?, T[BQKpjkdo Fjhd ;?fBeK d/ fgzvK s/ BroK dh th ;ko bJh ikt/.

fBo;zd/j n}kdh gqkgs eoBh fJe pj[s tZvh wZb wkoB tkbh rZbj?. ;kv/ ;tszsosk ;zrokwh d/F GrsK B/ fBo;zd/j fJj fJe tZvh wZbwkoh s/ ;dhnK dh r[bkwh s'A pknd f;oK d/ wkwb/ sko e/ d/Ftk;hnK Bz{n}kdh dh wkbh fiZs e/ fdsh. go n}kdh wkBD s'A gfjbK j[D d/Ftk;hnK tk;s/ fJe pj[s jh u[D"sh Gog{o f}w/tkoh pkeh pDdh j?l T[jfJj j? fe ;kv/ tv/fonK tb'A f;o XV dh pk}h bk e/ ;kv/ tk;s/ gqkgsehsh n}kdh Bz{ j[D ekfJw-dkfJw ofynk ikt/. fJ; tk;s/ efjD dhb'V BjhA fe ;kvhnK ;ojZdK T[s/ ;kv/ c"ih ;?fBe ns/ d/F d/ nzdo noX;?fBe pb s/ g[fb; eowh ;kvh ofynk ikBK j{b e/ eo oj/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh d/F Grsh s/ ;?fBe ;/tk dh T[Zuh wfonkdk B{z sB'-wB'fBGkT[D s/ FkBdko gqzgoktK ekfJw eoB tkb/ ;?AeV/-j}koK BjhA bZyKjh oDpKeo/ n\;o s/ ;?fBe jB, fiBQK B{z n;hA G[Zb G[bk u[e/ jK.fJE/ f;oc w/oh fJj GktBk jh j? fe n;hA nkgD/ d/F d/ oytkb/ fJBQK;{ofwnK B{z T[BQK d/ fgzvK s/ BroK Bkb i'Vd/ j'J/, T[BQK B{z nkgD/ jh;wMe/ T[BQK pko/ b'VhAdh ikDekoh d/ ;ehJ/ sK fe n;hA ;ko/ T[BQK d/ d/F fgnko s/ d/F ;/tk s'A e'Jh uzrh f;Zfynk b? ;ehJ/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{znkgDh f;fynk s/ ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh ftu fJBQK pjkdo ;?fBeK dhnKe[opkBhnK B{z nN[ZN nzr ti'A Fkfwb eoB dh b'V j?.

gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu r[o{ ekb s'A b? e/ fw;b ekb sZeFjhdK-w[ohdK ns/ fco ;kv/ n}kdh ;zrokw d/ fJfsjk; ftu n}kdhx[bkNhnK dhnK fJzBhnK fw;kbK jB fe gzikp dk seohpB jo fgzv s/jo Bro jh nkgD/ fJBQK ;g{sK d/ e"wh ekoBkfwnK dh pd"bs ftF/F

487

;BwkB dk jZedko j?. go nc;'; Bk sK ;oekoK, Bk p[ZXhihth tor s/Bk jh T[BQK e"wh ;g{sK d/ nkgD/ jh j[D d/ ;w/A d/ fgzv tk;hnK B{z fJ;rZb dh e'Jh ;'Mh j? fe n;hA nZi nkgD/ n}kd Gkos ftu fJBQK dhnKe[opkBhnK dh pd"bs jh ;[Zy dk ;kj b? oj/ jK.

;kv/ y/v ;z;ko dh ftok;s B{z ;zGkbD dh b'VL-

i/ ;w[Zu/ gzikp dh ;fGnsk ftu gq/w-fgnko s/ ;dGktBk dh rZb B{z i/uko e[ FpdK ftZu dZ;Dk j't/ sK fJ; B{z @y/vD-wZbQD# s/ @jZ; dzdK dh gqhs#dk ;fGnkuko fejk ik ;edk j?. id'A gzikph b'eK d/ y/v ;z;ko dh rZbfSVdh j? sK gzikph ;fGnsk dhnK w[ZY-edhwh y/vK dh rZb ubdh j?. fcoid'A fes/ gzikphnK dh jZ;D-y/vD s/ wB'oziB dh iBwiks nkds dhrZb-eZE j[zdh j? sK shnK d/ fgVK ftu b'e rhsK frZfXnK s/ y[FhnK d/ftjfVnK ftu GzrfVnK s/ XwkbK dh Xwe g?Adh j?. gzikp d/ Bo'J/;fGnkuko ftu y/vK, w/fbnK, b'e rhsK, b'e f;nkDgK, nykDK, p[MkosK s/fBjzr p'fbnK dk ftF/F ;EkB j?. y[FhnK-y/fVnK, d[ZyK s/ ftokrK d/;w/A ftu th gzikphnK dh uVQdh ebQk tkbh wkBf;esk B{z r[opkDh dk c[owkB@BuD[ e[dD[ wB ek ukT[## pV/ ;[zdo o{g ftu ftfynkBdk j?.

d[BhnK Go dk ;fGnkuko fJ; ;ZukJh dk ekfJb j? fe uzr/ wB dk tk;kf;jswzd ;oho ftu j[zdk j?. :{BkBh ;fGnsk ftu sK e"wh T[;koh tk;s/@pbtkB ;oho s/ }jhB fdwkr# d/ f;XKs #s/ ;G s'A tZX }'o fdZsk iKdk;h. Gkosh ;z;feqsh ftu th gqkuhB ekb s'A pbFkbh ;oho s/ FkbhB}fjBhns dh ;wki ftu pVh nfjwhns ojh j?. T[gozs r[o{ ekb ftus/ yk; eoe/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tb'A ykb;k f;oiDk ;w/A ykb;k gzEdh ihtBiku ftu foFN-g[FN ;oho s/ Bo'Jh wkBf;esk B{z ftF/F ;EkBfdZsk frnk. fJ; tk;s/ jh seV/ i[Z;/ s/ szdo[;s wkBf;esk tkb/ f;Zyne;o jh f}zdrh ftu uVQdh ebk d/ XkoBh oj/ jB ns/ T[BQK B/ nkgD/ d/F s/ e"w B{z tZy-tZy y/soK ftu tZvhnK d/DK fdZshnK jB. y?o! oZp ;[Zy jhoZy/ fe j[D ;kvhnK ni'ehnK ghVQhnK ftu g[oksB f;nkDg @szdo[;s ;ohos/ ;dkukoh wkBf;esk# dh ;'Mh xNdh ik ojh j?l fi; d/ ekoB ;wki ftu;dkuko s/ B?fsesk dk gsB j' fojk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ ;wki ftu B/e edoK-ehwsK d/ ;zxko B{z mZbQD bJh

488

e[dosh fB:wK #s/ nXkfos ihtBF?Zbh B{z fco s'A T[sFkfjs eoB dh b'V j?.fJ; ykso ;kvh @ftok;s s/ ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh# Bz{ pVh ;zihdrh Bkbf;Zfynk ;w[zdo s/ y/v ;z;ko dhnK tXhnk f;csK, f;BcK s/ f;wsK Bkb;zi'D dh p/nzs b'V j?. fco g[oksB r[o{e[b otkfJsK nB[;ko ;kvh @f;ZfynkBhsh# ns/ @y/v Bhsh# dk BtfBowkD eoB dh pj[s tZvh b'V j?.

fJ; tk;s/ nkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK tk;s/ ;[uko{ f;Zfynk Bhsh s/nkdoF y/v Bhsh pDkT[D ;w/A wjkB Fy;hnsK, ftfdnk Fk;sohnK s/y/v ;z;ko d/ Bkwh fyvkohnK dhnK ihtBhnK s/ ekoBkfwnK pko/ikDekoh d/D dh nfsnzs }o{os j?. fJ; bJh w[Ybh f;fynk d/ ;w/A s'Ajh yk; eoe/ x'b-epZvh s/ rZse/ fijhnK g/Av{ y/vK ns/ wkoFb nkoN;Gkt izrh y/vK B{z gfjbh soihj d/D dh b'V j?. go fJ; ;G ek;/ d/ Bkb;kBz{ nkgD/ ihtB ftu d/F Grsh, n;{bgq;sh s/ ;wki ;/tk dh ukFDhukVQD dh j'o th tZvh }o{ss j? feT[Afe oZp Gbh eo/ ;kBz{ skes dh ;jhtos'A dh EK rbs tos'A eoB dk pj[s nfGnk; j?.

fJ; tk;s/ gzikphnK, f;yK s/ yk; eoe/ ykb;/ Bz{ ;zs-f;gkjh ;qhr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp fij/ wjKg[oyK d/ Grsh s/ Fesh d/ ;[w/b Gog{oihtBK Bz{ nkgD/ eko-ftjko ftu nkgDk nkdoF pDkT[D dh nfjwhnsBz{ ;wMD-ftukoD dh b'V j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kv/ r[o{nK-ghoK, d/FGrsK dhnK e[opkBhnK s/ ;zxoFK Bz{ nkgDh ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko dknZN[N nzr pDkT[D dh th b'V j?. fJT[A jh ;kBz{ nkgD/ B/e g[ofynK s/tv/fonK tb'A ;Ekfgs ehshnK Xkofwe wfonkdktK s/ ;wkfie gqzgoktKBz{ nkgDh ;fGnkukoe Bhsh s/ f;fynk Bhsh dk nfByVtK nzr pDkT[D;pzXh frnkB-ftuko pVh ;zihdrh Bkb eoB dh }o{os j?.

pfjojkb! fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJ; s'A nZr/ nkgDhnK w[ZY edhwhwkoFb y/vK Gkt izrh y/vK, g/Av{ y/vK s/ ;w[Zu/ g/Av{ ;fGnkuko B{zngBkT[D s/ ;zGkbD dh j'o th }o{os j?. ;kv/ ;fGnkuko d/ tZZy-tZyy/soK d/ nbzpodkoK s/ yk; eoe/ fyvkohnK B{z ;kvhnK ;oekoh BhshnKftu T[BQK dk pDdk nkdo-wkD s/ ;BwkB:'r ;EkB d/D dh ftF/F b'Vj? sK fe ;kv/ fyvkoh Bo'J/ ;wki dk gqshe j'D ti'A ;kv/ ;wki dhnKnkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK tk;s/ gq/oDk ;o's pD ;eD. y?o! ni'e/ }wkB/

489

ftu fJj rZbK w}ke jh brdhnK j'DrhnK, go fJj ;wkfie s/fJybkeh f;XKsK dhnK goyhnK j'JhnK ;ZukJhnK jB ns/ fJBQK edoK-ehwsK T[go nZi th ;kv/ gfotkfoe X[oh s'A b? e/ ;wki d/ X[o/ dh fjZbhu{bQ dk fNefNek j' ;edk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu w[Zedh rZb fJj j? fe i/ n;hA nkgDhnK ftok;sh y/vK d/ cowkjK tKr{z i'F s/ }'o Bkb F{ed/ ;z;ko gqf;ZX Fkj}'o gfjbtkBKfeZeo, eZb{, rkw/, joBkw f;zx toQkDhJ/, dkok f;zx s/ r[opyF @d"dohJ/# tor/ fezB/ jh gfjbtkBK d/ ekoBkfwnK B{z G[Zb u[Ze/ jK. fJ; soQK jh gfjb/f;Zy dbhg f;zx n?EbhN, jkeh d/ ikd{ro fXnkB uzd, pbpho f;zx, T{Xwf;zx, fgqEhgkb f;zx s/ ;[oihs f;zx fgzv dkybk-r[odk;g[o ns/ fcoc[ZNpkb d/ ioB?b @gBkwhJ/# ioB?b f;zx s/ J/FhnB u?AghnB r'bk ;[ZND d/s'guh gqdwD f;zx fgzv GkJh Grsk, nEb?fNe; d/ No?e B{z uZeoh y[nkT[Ad/@jho/-fjoB# niw/o f;zx tZv/ xZb{xko/ d/ w[ekwh fgzv e[Zg ebK-;zro{o s/fco fJe tko fwbyk f;zx B{z gSkVB tkb/ wZyD f;zx ns/ fdbK d/ ikBhepZvh d/ nbzpodko Xkth joihs f;zx pokV pkikykBk, e/tb f;zx b'g',sbtko f;zx ekT[Ae/ ebK s/ e/tb f;zx ;/yk nkfd oZp B{z fgnko/ j' u[e/ y/v f;skfonK Bz{ G[Zb rJ/ jK.

fJ; gq;zr ftu p; e[M e[ ;w/A dh rZb jh j? fe id'A n;hA y/v ;z;kod/ jkeh ;wokN ;hBhno pbpho f;zx @N?oo nkc vh# tk;h johg[o-fcb"o d/ ;zB 1952 dhnK j?b/f;zeh Ubzfge y/vK ftu e[Zb 13 r'bKftu'A 9 r'b eoB d/ ftFt foekov Bz{ th G[Zb iktKr/. fco 1976dhnK w"ANohnb Ubzfge; ftu 15 ;fezNK #u r'b eoe/ ;z;ko foekovpDkT[D tkb/ UbzghnB fco'}g[ohJ/ nihs f;zx, ftFt gqf;ZX c[Zb p?e;tH fgqEhgkb f;zx ns/ ;[oihs f;zx ns/ j'o fezB/ jh ;kv/ jkeh d/f;skfonK dhnK irs gqf;ZX gqkgshnK B{z n;hA j[D ft;ko jh fdZsk j?.

fco ;kv/ E'VQk ;wK gfjbK j'J/ ni'e/ jkeh fyvkoh pbihs f;zxfYZb'A, owBdhg f;zx ro/tkb, pbihs f;zx ;?Dh, ;zdhg f;zx, gqGi'sf;zx, rrBihs f;zx s/ okigkb f;zx tor/ ;kfps ;{os f;Zy fyvkohth fJT[A fij/ n?t/A-e?t/A jh G[b-G[bJhnK dh ;kvh nkds w[skfpe ;kv/wkBf;e fusogZN s'A n"Mb j' ikDr/. fco fJ; soQK jh y/v d/ w?dkBKftu wFkbK tKr{z bZN-bZN irdhnK ;kvhnK jkeh, tkbhpkb, fiwBk;fNe;,

490

n?Eb?fNe; s/ j'o y/vK dhnK o{gjkohnK s/ u'pohnK fyvkoDK nZinshs dhnK goh ejkDhnK jh pD rJhnK jB.

;kv/ n?EbhN jhfonK ftu'A T[vD/ f;Zy fwbyk f;zx, r[opuB f;zxozXktk jovbo, i'frzdo f;zx-FkNg[N, pjkdo f;zx s/ i[roki f;zx,;odkok f;zx w?okEB-oBo, c[Npkbo fJzdo f;zx fij/ j'o n?EbhNK s/fyvkohnK Bz{ n;hA j[D jh G[b rJ/ jK. fco ;kvhnK j'oBK y/vK fit/A fefiwBk;fNe, epZvh, ;{fNzr, t/N fbcfNzr, p"ef;zr s/ tkbhpkb d/fyvkoh sK j[D fe; Bz{ :kd jB. e'Jh tZvh rZb BjhA fe ;kvh fJ;p/rkBrh s/ p/edoh dh ;'u eoe/ nZi d/ 100 ;kbk itkB pkpk c"ik f;zxdhnK j[D tkbhnK 2012 dhnK bzdB T[bzfge y/vK sZe gkJhnK X[zwK-XwkbK Bz{ th G[Zb iktKr/.

fJ; ;koh ;{os/-jkb ftu pfjojkb i/ n;hA nkgD/ ni'e/ ;w/A d/fyvkohnK dh th edo Bk ehsh sK T[j fdB th d{o BjhA fe ;z;koy/vK ftu ;kv/ d/F dk Bkw th fes/ BjhA fd;Dk. fco tZvh rZb BjhA fenkgfDnK Bkb jh fJ; fprkB/gD d/ otJhJ/ eoe/ ;kv/ j[D fezB/ jhfyvkohnK s/ n?EbhNK Bz{ J/FhnB r'bv w?vfb;N wZyD f;zx tKr{z NoZevokJhto s/ ;zEh ;[zdokiB tKr{z f}zdrh d/ o/jV/ dk gjhnk ubkT[D tk;s/fdjkVh-w}d{oh eoB bJh wip{o j'Dk gt/rk.

fJT[A jh ;kvhnK j'o th fotkfJsh s/ wkoFb y/vK fit/A fe e[FshnK,epZvh, rZsek, shonzdk}h, oZ;keFh, Gko u[eD fijhnK g[okDhnK y/vKns/ nkw b'eK dhnK w"i{dk y/vK fit/A fe tkbhpkb, c[ZNpkb, pk;eNpkb,;kJhefbzr, p"ef;zr, p?vfwzNB, N/pb N?fB;, y'-y' s/ j?Avpkb fijhnKj'o th fezBhnK jh y/vK d/ fyvkoh sK nZi ;kv/ bJh @j'J/ iK Bk j'J/ p;fJe pokpo# torh ;fEsh Bz{ gj[zu u[e/ jB. fJBQK y/vK d/ wFj{ofyvkoh sK ;kBz{ nZi th :kd BjhA jB s/ fco eZbQ Bz{ fJBQK Bz{ fe; B/ :kdeoBk j? s/ fe; B/ g[ZSDk j?.

fJ; ;{os ftu T[j fdB d{o BjhA fe i/ n;hA nkgD/ ni'e/ ;w/A d/fyvkohnK dh th edo BjhA eoKr/ sK tZvh rZb BjhA fe ;z;ko y/vK ftu;kv/ d/F dk Bkw th fes/ BjhA fd;Dk. fJ; gqEkfJ j[D dhnK bzdBUbzfge 2012 dh rZb jh b? bT[ fe 125 eo'V dh npkdh ftu'A Gkos

491

B{z f;oc 3 jh swr/ fwb/ jB s/ fJBQK ftu'A ;'B swrk fJe th BjhA j?.

fgSb/ 30e[ ;kbK s'A eJh tko ;oekoK B/ fyvkohnK dh ;ko b?Ddh Bhsh pDkT[D d/ dwri/ sK eJh tko wko/ jB, go fyZd' ed/ x[Zsh ftuBjhA gJh. ;e{b gZXo s'A jh fyvkohnK dh ;woEk B{z gSkDB s/ ;zGkbDtk;s/ @e?u d?Zw :zr# Gkt @gqfsGk dh Gkb# eoB tkbh Bhsh fezB/ tkojh izwD s'A gfjbK dw s'V rJh j?. fco fJT[A jh ;kvh f;Zfynk gqDkbhs/ o[}rko Bhsh d/ ;Bw[Zy ne;o fJj j[zdk j? fe fJe' jh ebk; ftugVQd/ g'Eh wk;No sK vhH;hH j[zd/ jB s/ y/v gq/wh fyvkoh fe;/ dcso d/eboe j[zd/ jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fyvkohnK B{z ;e{bK s'A ekbiK s'A cVd/-cVd/ n;hAfJ; pdpysh B{z gj[zu rJ/ jK fe nZi dk ftfdnkoEh @y/v s/ fyvkoh#d/ Bkw ns/ ihftek B{z ;G s'A tZX c}{b s/ p/wkfJnB/ fijk ;wM fojkj?. fco fJ; s'A fJbktk feskph frnkB d/ fJwfsjkBK ftu nzefVnK s/BzpoK dh jh wjZssk j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh gVQke{ ftfdnkoEh fJwfsjkBKdh Bzpoh y/v ftu pk}h wko iKd/ jB ns/ T[Xo y/v d/ w?dkBK ftu n"AeV/s/ nfVZfenK B{z ;o eoB tkb/ iotkD/ fyvkoh gVQkJh ftu ne;o jhgZSV iKd/ jB. fJ; bJh Go-itkBh ftu id'A o'Nh-o'}h dk w;bk yVQkj[zdk j? sK T[d'A ftfdne fvrohnK d/ Xkoe @n?ZBe wk;No# tZv/ tZv/ y/v-wZbK B{z o[}rko d/ w?dkB ftu gSkV fdzd/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ }o{oh j? fe c"i dh Gosh tKr{z ;ko/ nfXekohnK s/eowukohnK dh u'D t/b/ fwnkoh ;ohfoe wkgdzvK B{z soihj fdZsh ikt/ns/ B"eohnK ftu gkfVQnK s/ gVQke{nK d/ Bkb pokpo wfVZeD tk;s/fyvkohnK dh y/v ;woEk s/ gqkgshnK B{z soihjh Bzpo fdZs/ ikD. fJ;d/ Bkb jh y/vK ftu BkwDK yZND tkb/ fyvkohnK B{z c"i tKr{z jh@tfFFN# s/ @nfs tfFFN ;/tk# fij/ ;BwkBK Bkb nbzfeqs eoe/ ;wkiftu fBtkfink ikt/.

;'! fco s'A ;wki ftu s/ yk; eoe/ y/vK ftu ;kT{Av wkJhAv fJB;kT{Av pkvh d/ ;zebg B{z g[Bo ;[oihs eoB tk;s/ ;kB{z gfjbK ;kvhf;Zfynk Bhsh s/ f;Zfynk gqDkbh ftu gVQkJh s/ y/vK dk stk}B mheeoB dh b'V j?. nyhobh rZb fJj j? fe ;oeko tb'A y/v s/ fyvkohnK

492

tk;s/ ;kvh e'Jh yk; s/ fBFfus @;oekoh y/v Bhsh# dh nDj'Ad d/ekoB ;kv/ jo y/v d/ fyvkoh rz[wBkwh dk fFeko j' oj/ jB.

f}eo:'r j? fe ;kvh jw/Fk jh e'Jh Bk e'Jh y/v Bhsh sK ojh j?,go fJj ed/ ekw:kp BjhA j'Jh. j[D th ;[fDnk j? fe y/v Bhsh dh T[X/V-p[D j' ojh j?. go fJj ed'A pDdh j?l go fJ; Fze/ F[G/ s'A gfjbKfBtfos j' e/ ;kB{z nZi tXhnk ;funkoh s/ ;[uko{ y/v Bhsh pDkT[D dhb'V j?. j'o sK j'o ;oekoK dh y/v s/ fyvkohnK gqsh Bkw wkso y/vBhsh i/ j[D tKrz{ @p{j/ nkJh izB s/ ftB'QA e[Vh d/ ezB# d/ nB[;ko jh ojhsK n;hA y/v ;z;ko d/ fgV ftu ckvh d/ ckvh jh ofj iktKr/.

p/FZe n;hA nkgD/ fyvkohnK dh j[D e[M g[ZS-gqshs fJzNoB?FBbgZXo d/ Ubzfge, J/FhnB s/ ;z;ko eZg d/ w[ekpfbnK d/ B/V/ fij/ ik e/eoB br/ jK, go ne;o jh gsk brdk j? fe ed/ fyvkohnK Bz{ ;w/Af;o y/vK dk ;wkB jh BjhA fwbdk. n?sehA bzdB T[bzfge; 2012 d/ ;w/A sK n;hA bhj jh g[rk fdsh j? feT[Afe fJBQK T[bzfge y/vK ftu ;kv/400 whNo o/; d/ J/FhnB r'bv w?vfb;N e[B{zw[jzwd s/ 400 whNojovbo i";\ npokjw fJ; bJh Fkfwb BjhA j' ;e/ fe T[j nkgD/;gkJhe; s/ feZN nkfd yohdD bJh 30,000$- j}ko o[gJ/ dk fJzs}kwBjhA eo ;e/.

wkbe'! pZ; XzB jh ejhJ/ fe fJT[A ;kvh y/v Bhsh ftu x'Vk sKr/d/ nZr/ BjhA, ;r'A sKr/ d/ fgS/ i[fVnk j'fJnk j?l go ;kvh efEs uVQdhebk dh fJzsjk fJj j? fe n;hA fco th T[bzfge y/vK ftu ;'B/ d/ swr/fiZsD d/ dwri/ wkoB'A BjhA NZbd/. ]?o! fJ; soQK dh ;{os/ jkb ftunyho B{z fijVh p?ArDhA T[xVdh j?, T[j th ;kB{z ;G B{z gsk jh j?.pfjojkb! fJ; gq;zr ftu fejk ik ;edk j? fe @fJe sK wkod/ rZg-SVZg whnK, go n;hA wkod/ rZg dh NKv whnK# s/ nzs B{z rZb fJE/ nke/ fJT[A jh w[Zedh j?.

fJ; ;ko/ ft;Eko dk sZs ;ko fJj j? fe nkgD/ y/v ;z;ko dhFkBdko ftok;s d/ nbzpodkoK B{z fBtkiD s/ ;zGkbD tk;s/ j[D jh ;kB{znkgD/ nkg bJh e'Jh j'F dh dtkJh eoB dh }o{os j?. fwZso'! i/ n;hAj[D th @nkbQ/ e"vh-fSZe/ e"vh# tkbh nkgDh g[okDh Yhue ukb dh nkdsh

493

s/ nkb;h y/v jh y/vd/ oj/ sK fit/A n;hA ;z;ko jkeh dh ;odkoh r[nkp?m/ jK, T[t/A jh ;wM' fe y/v ;z;ko ftu fJj ofjzdh-y{zjdh pk}h th p;n?sehA n;hA jko iktKr/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kBz{ fJj ukjhdk j? fe ;kv/ s'AgfjbK j' u[ehnK fJe-d' ghVQhnK d/ tZv/fonK tKrz{ n;hA fyvkohnK Bz{;w[Zu/ ;wki d/ g[ZsK-XhnK tKr{z gkbhJ/ s/ ;fsekohJ/. fJ; bJh fijV/;kv/ Bkwh fyvkoh j' u[e/ jB T[BQK dhnK uVQsK s/ gqkgshnK dhnK rZbKnkgD/ ;kfjs s'A b? e/ nikfJp xoK dhnK r?bohnK s/ nkgD/ ;wki d/gfoQnK-gzukfJsK sZe eohJ/.

gzikp d/ nkgD/ Bkwkto fyvkohnK B{z gzikp dk wkD s/ ;wki d/f;ow"o fij/ BkwD/ d/ e/ nkgD/ nikfJp xoK s/ ;wki dh ;w{fje :kddk fFzrko pDkJhJ///. fJ; tk;s/ fuo'eDh b'V ojh j? fe gzikp d/ FjhdK,w[ohdK, ;kfjsekoK, ebkekoK s/ fyvkohnK tk;s/ tZyo/ s/ ftbZyD @jkbnkc c/w# s/ @jkb nkc nkBo# f}bQk gZXo #s/ pDkJ/ ikD fe fiBQK ftu;kv/ fJBQK ;G e"wh ;g{sK dhnK gqkgshnK, BKn s/ gs/ @o'b nkc nkBo#p'ovK T[s/ ;[Bfjoh FpdK ftu nzfes ehs/ ikD.

fJ; gqEkfJ fJe j'o rZb i' pj[s jh n;kBh Bkb B/go/ uVQ ;edhj?, T[j fJj j? fe ;kv/ jo fgzv ftu r[od[nko/ jB, T[BQK r[od[nkfonKd/ Bkb brd/ fe;/ S'N/ jkb ftu fgzv dh gzukfJs tb'A T[; fgzv d/ BkwhpzfdnK dhnK s;thoK fpBK Fohe/pk}h s'A ;oekoh gZXo #s/ btkJhnKikD sK fe ;kv/ pZu/ T[BQK s'A e'Jh uzrh gq/oDk b? e/ f}zdrh ftu nZr/ tX;eD. fi; Bkb fe ;kv/ iotkD/ F/o/-px/o/ gzikphnK dhnK eEktK s/gzikp dh r"ot rkEk nZr/ ubdh oj/.

pfjojkb! fJ; d/ Bkb jh id'A n;hA nkgDh ftok;s s/ ;fGnkukodh Bhsh dh rZb eod/ jK sK }o{oh j? fe n;hA Xoksbh gZXo #s/ sKnkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK Bz{ g[okD/ g/Av{ s/ y/shpkVh ;wki Bkb i'VB bJhgfjb/ ;fwnK s'A b? e/ j[D se dh y/sh d/ ;zd-;zd/V/ ns/ xo/b{ d;sekohdhnK t;sK nkgD/ fe;kB xoK s/ nikfJpxoK ftu ftok;sh d"bs tKr{z;KG e/ oZyhJ/. fJ; dk fJe ;gFN ckfJdk sK fJj j't/rk fe ;kvhnKj[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK d/ B"itkB pZu/ nkgD/ ftok;sh ;fGnkuko s'A ikDz{j' e/ nkgD/ tv/fonK Bkb nfj;k;K dhnK szdK i'V ;eDr/.

494

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;'jD/ gzikp d/ f}nkdkso Fkj}'o gfjbtkB s/fyvkoh ;kv/ j[zdVj/b Bo'J/ g/Av{ s/ feo;kDh ;wki dh T[gi jh jB.wB[Zyh ;fGnkuko ftu szdo[;sh, skes, iotkDkgD ;kv/ y/sh gqXkBfeo;kD ;wki dh fJe tZvh d/D j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe ;kvhnK y/vK s/ ;kv/ f}nkdkso fyvkohnK d/ fgS'eV ftu feo;kDh s/ yk; eoe/g/Av{ ihtBF?bh v[bQ-v[bQ g?Adh j?. ;kv/ wZbQK, gfjbtkBK, e"fvnkbK s/fyvkohnK dh iBw s/ eow G{wh gzikp dh ;"AXh fwZNh jh ojh j?. gzikpdh fJ; Xosh B/ iotkD/ :'fXnK, XkeV feo;kDK s/ Xosh Xe/b f;zxfyvkohnK B{z iBw fdZsk j?. ;kv/ fyvkohnK d/ ihtB s/ gqkgshnK dk w{bnXko ;kvhnK ;G dhnK ;KMhnK B?fse s/ ;dkukfoe ehwsK, f;Zde,;zs'y s/ f;oVQ jh pDdk j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ pZfunK s/ B"itkBK B{z w[ZYs'A jh f;oVh s/ fwjBsh ihtB-iku Bkb tkp;sk eoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu p/FZe ;oeko tb'A eJh ;kbK s'A nzfwqs;o s/ pfmzv/ftu g/Av{ ihtB dh Mbe d/D tk;s/ Bw{Bk wkso g[okDh so} d/ fgzvK dkfBowkD j' fojk j?. go fe;/ B{z fJj gsk BjhA fe fJj ekoi ed'A f;o/brdk j? s/ eh fJj b'VhAd/ nkF/-wBF/ B{z g{ok th eo ;e/rk fe BjhA<]?o! fJ; tk;s/ gfjbK sK gfjbK s'A jh vkH wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk tb'An?rohebuo :{Bhtof;Nh b[fXnkDk ftu pDkJh ftok;sh fvT{Yh-jt/bhB{z r[zwBkwh s'A pukT[D bJh ;zGkbD s/ gq;koD dh tZvh b'V j?.

nkgD/ y/v ;z;ko s/ yk; eoe/ nkgD/ g[ofynK d/ feo;kDh ;fGnkukoB{z ;zGkbD d/ ;zdoG ftu ;G s'A tZvh b'V fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/ g/Av{s/ yk; eoe/ feo;kDh fto;/ dhnK edoK-ehwsK dh pjkbh bJhf;os'V :sB eohJ/. fiE'A sZe ;kv/ g[oksB ;fGnkukfoe fto;/-ftok;s Bz{ ;zGkbD dh rZb j?, fJ; tk;s/ ;kB{z ;G ek;/ s'A gfjbK y/shd/ noEuko/ d/ Yfjzd/ xo Bz{ ;zGkbD dh p/nzs }o{os j? feT[Afe i/ ;kv/;kfjsekoK s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ fyvkohnK B{z b{D, s/b s/ bZeVhnK d/fj;kp B/ jh wkoh ofynk sK T[BQK s'A ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko d/ y/so ftutZvhnK wZbK dh T[whd oZyDk d{o dh e"vh j?.

;r'A w/ok sK fJE'A sZe wzBDk j? fe nZi nkgD/ eo}kJh j' u[e/ g/Av{;wki B{z pukT[D tk;s/ feo;kD s/ feo;kDh Bz{ T[GkoB-;zGkbD dh

495

ykso ;oeko Bz{ nkgDk ;kok fNZb bk d/Dk ukjhdk j?. BjhA sK ;kvhfJe b'e ejkts fe @wZM d/ woB Bkb i{znK th wo iKdhnK jB# nB[;kofeo;kDh d/ ysw j'D Bkb ;kv/ y/sh ;wki s/ g/Av{ ;fGnkuko dk th\;sk tY/ ikD dk g{ok ydFk j?.

pfjojkb! nZi nkgDh feo;kDh dh w[ZYedhwh ftok;s s/ feo;kDhedoK-ehwsK B{z ;zGkbD d/ gy'A pj[s jh :sBFhb j'D dh b'V j?. j[Dy/shpkVh dhnK BthnK seBheK d/ ;Bw[Zy p/FZe T[gi tXh j?, go y/shftu eJh r[Dk tX ojh bkrs B/ feo;kDh B{z bkj/tzd BjhAl ;r'A xkN/ dk;"dk pDk fdZsk j?/. fJ; tk;s/ j[D fezB/ jh ;w/A s'A feo;kD ;kvhnK;oekoK d/ nt/;b/gD s/ x/;btNh dk fFeko pD/ j'J/ jB. fJ; bJh pZ;j[D jh fJ; gy'A ikrD, T[mD s/ jzGbk wkoB dh b'V j?.

y?o! ni fJj th j?okBh j[zdh j? fe y/shpkVh dh ftok;s s/ g/Av{;fGnkuko dk y}kBk ;zGkbD d/ gy'A fijVk ezw ;oekoK B{z eoBk pDdkj?, T[j ezw Bkw-wkso e[M-e[ eko'pkoh T[dwhnK B/ fsikosh B}ohJ/ s'AibzXo, eoBkb s/ fJe d' j'o FfjoK ftu ehsk j'fJnk j?. T[BQK B/j'NbB[wK jt/bhnK ftu y/sh pkVh d/ ;zd, u[bQ/-u"Ae/ d/ posB, rhs-;zrhs s/ xo/b{ d;sekoh dhnK t;sK oyhnK j'JhnK jB. fJBQK j'NbKftu B[wkfJF wkso gJhnK fJj t;sK uzrhnK sK brdhnK jB, go fJE/nkT[D tkb/ rkje-;iDK B{z fJj nkgD/ ;fGnkuko Bkb i'VB ftu e'Jhf}nkdk ;jkJh BjhA j' ojhnK.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu nZi b'V j? fe nkgD/ g[okD/ ;fGnkuko s/ yk;eoe/ y/sh ;wki dhnK w{b nXko edoK-ehwsK fit/A fe f;de, f;oVs/ ;po-;zs'y s/ ;dkuko dh pjkbh ns/ ekfJwh ehsh ikt/ sK fegzikphnK dhnK ni'ehnK ghVQhnK ftu ;dkukfoe ihtB dk wkdk g?dk j';e/. fJ; tk;s/ ;kv/ xoK s'A b? e/ ;e{bK s/ ;wki sZe g/Av{ ;wki dhnKuzrhnK gqzgoktK, tXhnk otkfJsK, o;w'-fotkiK, uzr/ eko-ftjkoK s/uzrhnK fJB;kBh nkdsK B{z nkgDh ihtB-iku s/ ihtB F?bh dk fjZ;kpDkJ/ ikD dh nfjwhns B{z ;wMD dh b'V j?.

fJ; bJh }o{oh j? fe nkgD/ ni'eh ihtBXkok ftu g/Av{ ;wki dhnKtXhnk ofjs-wfonkdktK B{z ngDkfJnk ikt/. nZi ;w/A dh wzr j? fe

496

n;hA g/Av{ ;wki dhnK tXhnk ofjs-pfjsK Bz{ ngDkT[D ftu fgSV/gDdh jhDGktBk s/ Fow wfj;{; eoB dh EK nkgD/ nzdo fJe nzdo{Bh;e{B s/ ;t?wkD dk nfj;k; ikrfos eohJ/.

nc;'; dh rZb j? fe nZi n}kdh s'A 65 ;kb pknd sZe th n;hAnkgDh @;fGnkukfoe Bhsh#, nkgDh @f;fynk Bhsh# s/ yk; eoe/gzikph GkFk B{z bkr{ eoB dh Bhsh B{z e'Jh Bo'Jh ;/X s/ fBZrosk BjhAd/ ;e/. go j[D ;kB{z ;wK ofjzd/ jh nkgD/ ;'jD/ gzikp dh ;w[ZuhfJfsjkf;e, ;kfjse s/ ;fGnkukfoe ikDekoh B{z ;jh gfog/y ftufbnk e/ d[pkok fbyD dh b'V j?. fco fJ; T[gozs gzikp dh ;fGnkukfoeBhsh s/ f;fynk Bhsh, y/v Bhsh s/ ;?o ;gkN/ dh Bhsh dk nkg;hskbw/b fpmk e/ ;kv/ fto;/-ftok;s ;pzXh ;koh ikDekoh B{z ftfdnkoEhnKtk;s/ fBod/fFs s/ fBoXkfos ftfdne e'o;K d/ tZy tZy gVktK d/ f;b/p;K ftu Fkwb eoB dh nfs }o{oh ekotkJh eoB dh b'V j?.

gzikp dh j?ohN/i s/ ebuob gkfb;h d/ uko w[Zy Nhu/ gzikp d/fto;/ dh ;zGkb, gzikphns dhnK edoK-ehwsK s/ wK p'bh dkwkD-;t?wkD j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. e"w d/ fJ; tZv/ T[d/F s/ wzst dh wzf}bgqkgsh d/ nr/ fszB gVkn jB, fit/A fe gfjbK nkgD/ fto;/-ftok;s dhikDekoh gqkgs eoBk, fco fJ; B{z nkgD/ ;wki s/ yk; eoe/ ftfdnkoEhnKs/ B"itkBK sZe gj[zukT[Dk ns/ T[; s'A nZr/ d/F-ftd/F ftu nkgDhFkBdko ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko dk gquko s/ gq;ko eoBk. fJ; tk;s/fJj nfsnzs }o{oh j? fe ;kv/ ftu ;oekoh s/ r?o ;oekoh gZXo #s/fJBQK fszBK gVktK B{z fJe' ;w/A jh fJe' jzGb/ d/ Bkb csfj eoB dh fJZSkFesh s/ fdqVQsk j't/. fJ; ;G ek;/ dh gqkgsh ti'A gzikp dh j?ohN/i s/ebuob gkfb;h Bz{ fBoXkfos s/ fBFfus eoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; tk;s/ fJj nfsnzs }o{oh j? fe fJBQK fszBK gVktK B{z fJe' ;w/A jh fJe' jzGb/ d/ Bkb csfj eoB dh ;kv/ ftu ;oekoh s/ ;wkfiegZXo #s/ fdqV fJZSk Fesh s/ ekoi-e[Fbsk j't/. fco fJ; d/ Bkb jh;oeko fdqVsk Bkb fJBQK efbnkDekoh NhfunK B{z bkr{ eoB bJh g{oBtuBpZXsk ;fjs :sBFhb j't/. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;kvhnK Xkofwe,ftfdne s/ ;oekoh ;z;EktK B{z th fJ; wjkB ;fGnkukfoe nkF/-wBF/

497

B{z B/go/ ukVQB bJh ;oeko Bkb ;fj:'r ti'A w'Y/ Bkb w'Yk bk e/ekoiFhb j'D dh b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/ gfjb-fgqEw/A sK ;oeko B{zefbnkDekoh s/ fdqV fJZSk-Fesh Bkb gzikp dh j?ohN/i s/ ebuobgkfb;h, GkFk Bhsh, f;Zfynk Bhsh s/ y/v Bhsh Bz{ fBoXkfos s/ fBFfuseoB dh b'V j?. fJ; T[gozs ;oeko B{z fJBQK fBoXkfos BhshnK B{z bkr{eoB tk;s/ fJe nk;Ek, gZe/ fJokd/ s/ fBo;[nkoE b'e ;/tk d/ wkd/ B{z;oekoh gZXo s'A b? e/ ;wkfie gZXo sZe T[ikro eoB dh th nfsnzs}o{os j?.

p/FZe fJj ;kohnK jh ;wki T[;koh s/ b'e efbnkD dhnK fJjBhshnK fJe s'A tZX fJe nfjwhns Gog{o jB s/ nkg'-nkgDh EK;kohnK jh ;wki B{z p/nzs b'VhAdhnK jB.

go fco th fJ; ;G ek;/ s'A th tX gzikph GkFk B{z fJ; dk pDdk:'r ;EkB s/ ;BwkB d/D dh b'V j?. ;r'A ni tKr{z BjhA fe n;hA p/rkfBnK dh nzro/}h GkFK B{z sK iZchnK gkT[Ad/ fcohJ/ s/ gzikph wK p'bhB{z XZe/ wkod/ ojhJ/. j[D sK jkbs fJj j? fe jwksV ;kEhnK B{z fijV/f;nk;h, gqFk;fBe s/ nwhoh d/ wkV/-w'N/ yzG br rJ/ jB, T[j sKgzikph p'bD B{z fgSV/gD dk gqshe wzBd/ jB ns/ wK p'bh gzikph fturb eoB B{z nkgDh jse ;wMd/ jB. ni ;kB{z fJj ;kok ekok-toskokw[V s'A ;jh gfog/y ftu fbnk e/ w[V s'A bhj/ gkT[D dh b'V j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu gzikp dh j?ohN/i s/ ebuob gkfb;h Gkt gzikpd/ ;fGnkuko s/ ftok;s dh Bhsh B{z ;jh gfog/y ekfJw-w[ekw eoe/;oeko B{z fJ; ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh d[nkok nkgDhnK ;dkukfoe s/B?fse edoK-ehwsK #s/ nXkfos nwho ;z;feqsh, FkBkwZs/ ;fGnkuko,;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; B{z d[BhnK ftu BFo eoB dh b'V j?. n;hA nkgDh;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko Bz{ nkgDh ebuob j?ohN/i dh gkfb;hftu fJfsjkf;e s/ ;kfjfse gq;zrsk d/ gfog/y ftu fJ; soQK g/FeohJ/ fe ;kvk fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko w[V ;[oihs j' T[m/.

nZi b'V j? fe n;hA id'A nBzdg[o ;kfjp tor/ ftok;sh GtB,uZgVfuVh d/ ;ofjzd csfj p[oi, S'N/ xZb{xko/ d/ ekjB{ztkB SzG, tv/xZb{xko/ d/ e[Zg-ojhVk, e{fenK dh :kdrko wb/oe'Nbk, fco'}Fkj

498

n?Arb'-f;Zy tko w?w'ohnb s/ b[fXnkDk fty/ ;?fBe nikfJpxoK dhT[;koh eo u[e/ jK sK j[D gzikp dh ;w[Zuh FkBdko ftok;s B{z fJBQKdoFBh ;wkoeK ftu nBzdg[o ;kfjp j?ohN/i ezwb?e; tKrz{ fJ; soQKsoshp d/JhJ/ fe fJzBQk ;wkoeK dhnK ezXK th FjhdK s/ ;kv/ ;zxoFh:'fXnK dhnK fJfsjkf;e e[opkBhnK ns/ ;?fBeK, ;kfjsekoK s/ fyvkohnKd/ FkBdko ekoBkfwnK s/ T[BQK tb'A ;wki Bz{ fds/ :'rdkB Bz{ y[d-p-y[dfpnkB eoB sK fe fJBQK nikfJpxoK dhnK r?bohnK s/ ezXK ;ihtj' T[mD.

i/ ;kv/ fJj ni{p/ s/ nikfJp xo gzikp d/ fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/;fGnkuko d/ ftek; s/ ftrk; dh ejkDh nkgDh }[pkBh BjhA ;[DkT[Ad/ sK;kB{z ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe fJBQK :kdrkoh ;wkoeK Bz{ T[;koB dk ;kvkwzst-wB'oE nX{ok jh j?. fJ; bJh b'V j? fe ;kvh gzikp dh;fGnkukfoe ftok;s dh ;KG-;zGkb fJ; soQK ehsh ikt/ fe fJ; d/gouw d[BhnK ftu M{bD s/ ;kv/ FkBkwZs/ fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkukodh rZb eZE ;z;ko dhnK uj[z e{zNK ftu j't/.

i/ n;hA nkgD/ e[opkBh d/ g[zi g[ofynK, FjhdK, w[ohdK, pjkdoioB?bK, ;?fBeK, ;kv/ wjkB ;kfjsekoK s/ irs gqf;ZX fyvkohnK B{z jhi/ j[D tKr{z nDr"fbnk eoh oZfynk sK ;wMD tkbh rZb j? fe n;hAnkgDh fJ; wjkB ftok;s s'A nkgD/ nkg jh bKG/ j' iktKr/ s/ d[BhnK;kB{z wZyD ftu'A tkb tKr{z eZY e/ gk;/ oZy d/t/rh. fJ; ;G ek;/ fgZS/ ;kB{zfJfsjk; dh fJj fusktBh ;wMD dh b'V j? fe ;kvh ;G dh s/ yk;eoe/ ;kvhnK ;oekoK dh fJj fJe nfijh nDrfjbh j? i' fe e"w d/FkBkwZs/ fJfsjk; B{z ;w/A dh X{V ftu fwbk e/ fJe fdB fwfEjk; ftupdb d/t/rh.

y?o! fJ; ;ko/ ;ko-ft;Eko d/ ;zdoG ftu fco i/ ;kB{z e'Jh nkgD/;kfjs, ;fGnkuko iK fJfsjk; B{z ;KGD-;zGkbD ;pzXh e'Jh uzrh rZbdZ; th fdzdk j? sK n;hA @uZb j'T{ nkgK B{z eh# fijh wkBf;esk BkbnkgDh tXhnk ftok;sh ikDekoh B{z th nkT{A-rkT{A eoe/ j'o gk;/ jhN'bk wko fdzd/ jK. f;o/ dh rZb sK fJj j? fe n;hA nkgDh FkBkwZsh;fGnkukfoe ftok;s B{z ikBD, ;zGkbD s/ g;koD tk;s/ b'VhAdh

499

;zihdrh s/ rzGhosk Bkb ed/ ;'u-ftuko jh BjhA ehsh.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fJj pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB tkbh rZb j?fe n;hA nzro/}K dh oh;'-oh; T[BQK dh gZSwh ;fGnsk dhnK \?FBgq;shs/ \?b;{\hnK dhnK eJh wkVhnK tfjtsK sK f;Zy bJhnK jB, go n;hAT[BQK s'A d/F gq/w, e"wh fJybke s/ e"wh nB[Fk;B torhnK uzrhnK nkdsKBjhA f;Zy ;e/. fJ; gq;zr ftu jh i/ nzro/}K s'A e[ZM j'o uzrk rqfjDeoB dh }o{os j? sK T[BQK s'A ;kB{z nkgDh ;fGnsk s/ ;fGnkuko B{z;KGD dh ebk s/ j[Bowzdh f;ZyD dh b'V j?. fJeZb/ fJzrb?Av ftu jhBjhA, ;r'A ;ekNb?Av s'A b? e/ coK;, o'w s/ :{BkB sZe ns/ fco :"og d/pkeh ;G w[beK B/ nkgD/ g[ofynK dh fJfsjkf;e s/ ;kfjse ftok;sB{z nkgD/ nikfJp xoK s'A b? e/ nkgD/ u"AeK s/ rbh w[jZfbnK sZe pVhFoXk s/ e"wh GktBk Bkb g{oB ikDekoh ;w/s ;KfGnk j'fJnk j?.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu i/ ;kB{z nzro/}K s/ j'o ;t?wkDh e"wK dh Beb iKoh; eoB dh b'V j? sK T[j fJj j? fe ;kv/ ;qh nkBzdg[o ;kfjpj?ohN/i tor/ ni{p/ dhnK ezXK s/ fJZNK th f;Zy wZs dk fJfsjk; s/;fGnkuko nkgD/ w{zj'A p'bD. p/FZe e'Jh th pfj; eoB dh ro} Bkbefj ;edk j? fe nZi sZe BK fJZNK s/ gZEo ed/ p'b/ jB s/ BK jh fJBQQKB/ p'bDk j?. ]?o! fJ; gq;zr ftu fJj th wzBh-gqwzBh XkoBk j? fe ikd{T[j fijVk f;o uVQ p'b/, fJ; ;pzX ftu w?A fJzrb?Av s/ ;ekNb?Av ftuT[BQK d/ nikfJp xo t/y/ jB fe fiE/ s[;hA T[BQK d/ fJfsjk; s/;fGnkuko dhnK r?bohnK ftu ftuod/ j'J/ nkgD/-nkg B{z wkBf;e s"o#s/ T[BQK dk jh nN[ZN nzr wfj;{; eoB bZrd/ j'.

fJE'A sZe fe @p?Nb nkc tkNob{# dk i' T[BQK B/ fdqF f;ofink j?,T[j s[jkB{z wkBf;e s/ ;ohfoe s"o #s/ mhe ;zB 1815 dh irs gqf;XfJfsjk;e tkNob{ dh bVkJh ftu b? iKdk j?. ;'! ;kBz{ th fJ; soQKnfijhnK BthnK seBheK d[nkok nkgD/ fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko dhg[Bo f;oiDk eoe/ gq;koD dh b'V j?.

fJ; bJh ;kBz{ nkgD/ FjhdK s/ e"wh ;g{sK tb'A fdZsh d/F s/ e"w Bz{nb"fee d/D d/ s[b nfijh FoXk s/ ebkekoh dh eokwks ftykJhJ/ fed[BhnK dzr jh ofj ikJ/. nZi eZbQ ;kv/ e'b ;fGnsk, ;fGnkuko s/

500

;z;feqsh gqukoB s/ gq;koB dh ykso fJb?eNqkfBe whvhnk dhnK thpj[s ;kohnK seBheK f;wsK jB, fiBQK dk fe Gog{o ckfJdk T[mkfJnkikDk ukjhdk j?.

fJ; tk;s/ nkgD/ fto;/ B{z ;zGkbD dh ykso ;kB{z e"wh ;'u d/ sfjsokFNoh GktBk dk ;pe th f;ZyD dh b'V j?. ;kvhnK ftok;shfBFkBhnK fJe t;d/ fgzv d/ o{g ftu fJT[A soshp Bkb oZyhnK ikD fefJj g[oksB t;sK ;kv/ FkBkwZs/ fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko dhnK gqshe pDe/ y[d-p-y[d p'bD s/ ;kvhnK ghVQhnK B{z tXhnk ihtBF?bh dh b'VhAdhgq/oDk s/ ;/X d/D ftu ;jkJh j' ;eD.

fJ; tk;s/ id'A n;hA nkgD/ fto;/-ftok;s B{z ;KGD bJh ;{pkJh gZXo#s/ ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh pDkT[D dh rZb eod/ jK sK fJ; ftu ;kB{z nkgD/ftfdne e'o;K s'A b? e/ nikfJp xoK s/ T[; s'A nZr/ bkfJpq/ohnK B{z nkgD/wjkB r[o{nK, FjhdK w[ohdK s/ e"wh ;g{sK d/ ihtBK pko/ ns/ T[BQK dhnKe[opkBhnK s/ ekoBkfwnK pko/ ikDekoh Gog{o g[;seK, o;kfbnK s/ :kdrkoht;sK Bkb ;ikT[D ;ztkoB B{z gfjb fdZs/ ikD dh b'V j?.

fco ;oekoK, :{Bhtof;NhnK s/ n?Z;HihHghH;hH torhnK ;z;EktK d/;KM/ :sBK d[nkok fgzv-fgzv s/ Bro-Bro ftu bkfJpq/ohnK pDke/fJBQK B{z feskpK Bkb fFzrkoB ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kv/ fJfsjk;,;kfjs, ;fGnkuko ns/ ;kv/ fto;/-ftok;s dh ;koh ikDekoh ekBhpzdeoe/ pj[s xZN w[Zb dhnK feskpK d[nkok fgzvK s/ BroK s'A b? e/ d/F s/ftd/F sZe gqukoD s/ gq;koD dh nfjwhns B{z ;wMD ns/ ekoro s/ekonkwd sohe/ Bkb s[ozs :sBFhb j'D dh b'V j?.

f;oc fJe fw;kb ti'A fJE/ dZ;Dk:'r j't/rk fe 1960ftnK ftugzikp ftu ;'thns :{BhnB d/ o;kb/ s/ r[opyF f;zx d/ @gqhsbVh#o;kb/ B/ gzikp d/ fgzvK s/ BroK ftu b'eK dh ;'u jh pdb e/ oZy fdZsh;h. j[D th fJ; soQK d/ jh T[gokb/ j[D th ;kB{z eoB dh b'V j?.

fJ; gqEkfJ ;kB{z ;kv/ fJfsjk;ekoK s/ ;kfjsekoK dhnK fwnkohouBktK s/ g[;seK xo-xo ;;s/ Gkn gZ[idk eoB s/ bkfJpq/ohnK B{zw[cs tzvD dh }o{os j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;kv/ fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/;fGnkuko d/ nbzpodkoK B{z ;wki ftu T[BQK dk pDdk :'r ;EkB s/ T[BQK

501

dh edo s/ j";bk n\}kJh eoB dh th b'V j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu ;kv/nfXnkgeK B{z ;wki ftu r[o{e[b dh ;kvh g[oksB ohs nB[;kowksk-fgsk s'A th T[go dk doik s/ gSkD d/D dh b'V j?.

fco fJ; soQK jh ;kB{z nkgDh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh ftu ;w[Zu/ ;wkidh f;js s/ szdo[;sh dh ykso y/vK s/ yk; eoe/ g/Av{ y/vK B{z gfjb d/nXko #s/ g[Bo ;[oihs eoB dh b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/ nykV/ ns/ ;N/vhnwpDkT[D s'A fpBK g/Av{ gZXo #s/ ;bkBk y/v w[ekpb/ eotkJ/ ikD dhnfjwhns B{z ;wMD dh b'V j?. fJ; tk;s/ :{E ebZpK B{z T[sFkfjseoB s/ jZbkF/oh d/D dh b'V j?. fJ; soQK jh j[D BfFnK B{z tzvD dhEK mZbQD dh Bhns B{z ;kvh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh ftu ;otT[Zu ;EkB d/e/ ekonkwd eoB dh b'V j?.

r"osbp j? fe j'Jh-phsh oitkVkFkjh ftu e'Jh th F]; wFtokd/D s'A gfjbK nkgDh ;bkwsh tk;s/ ikB dh nwkBs wzrdk ;h. fJ;tk;s/ e'Jh th ;[Mkn d/D s'A gfjbK e'Jh th ;bkjeko @ikB eh nwkBgkT{A s' j}{o fpnK eo{z# nB[;ko fJe Fkjh gqtkBrh b?Adk ;h. j[DfeT[Afe ;kvhnK ;oekoK B/ th b'eszso dh vzvh Sv e/ okiszso dhvro cV bJh j?. ;'! fJ; tk;s/ w"i{dk ;w/A ftu gqufbs Fkjhs"o-sohe/ s/ ;oekoh ubD d/ ;Bw[y w?A th fJj o;w ndk eodkj'fJnk fJ; ;ko/ ;ko-ft;Eko dh nrkT{A gqtkBrh b?D fjZs fJj no}eodk jK fe fJ; fJbsik ftu j'Jh w/oh G[Zb-u[Ze s/ nZyo dktkXk-xkNk w[nk\ ehsk ikt/.

fJ; T[gozs fJ; ;ko/ gq;zr-ft;Eko B{z ;ze'uD s'A gfjbK fJe S'Nkfijk wFtok fJj th j? fe nkgD/ FkBkwZs/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;zGkbD tk;s/;G s'A gfjbK ftok;s s/ ;fGnkuko dh Bhsh, f;Zfynk Bhsh, y/v Bhshns/ ;?o ;gkN/ fijhnK BhshnK pDkT[D s/ ;ztkoB dh fuoe'Dh b'V j?.go fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJj BhshnK pDkT[D t/b/ ;fGnkukfoe ;'Mh s/fJfsjk; dk frnkB oZyD tkb/ ;{MtkB, ekfpb s/ g[okD/ siopkekonc;oK s'A ;bkj b?D dh th pVh }o{os j?.

nZi NhHthH xo-xo #s/ oki eo fojk j?. fJ; tk;s/ NhHthH u?BbKokjhA o'}kBk B?fse edoK-ehwsK #s/ nXkfos ;kv/ g[ofynK s'A ;kB{z

502

fwbh ;fGnkukfoe ftok;s dh d/D B{z gqdofFs eoB dh b'V j?.n?Z;HihHghH;hH s/ j'o Xkofwe ;z;EktK Xow gquko s/ nzfwqs ;zuko d/Bkb Bkb nkgD/ ;wki dhnK tXhnk edoK-ehwsK s/ FkBdko fJfsjkf;es/ ;kfjse gq;zrK d[nkok p[fBnkdh gZXo #s/ e"wh nkuoD pDkT[D tk;s/e"w B{z nfijh ;dkukfoe r[VQsh d/D fe gzikph b'e nkdoF Bkrfoe j'Ddh d[BhnK ftu fw;kb ekfJw eo ;eD.

fco ;oeko, Xkofwe s/ ;ko/ ftfdne ndkfonK B{z o?r{bo s"o #s/;?whBko s/ frnkB-ftfrnkB dh ikDekoh d/ w[ekpb/ eotkT[D dh nfjwhnsB{z ;wMD dh b'V j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu ;tkwh ftt/ekBzd dh fJe pj[s jhtXhnk B;hjs #s/ ezB XoB s/ nwb eoB dh ;kB{z b'V j?. ;tkwh ih B/fejk ;h fe nkgDh ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko ;pzXh fbfynk ikDk s/ gfVQnkikDk p/FZe }o{oh j?, go fJ; s'A th fes/ tZX p/jZd }o{oh fJj j? fe fJ;;pzXh ikDekoh B{z p'b e/ FpdK d[nkok gqukfonk s/ gq;kfonk ikt/. T[BQK B/fJ; pko/ fw;kb th fdZsh j? fe p[ZX Xow s/ Jh;kJh Xow d[BhnK ftugqukoeK s/ ;wki ;/teK d/ f;o #s/ jh c?b/ jB.

fJ; tk;s/ fJ; gq;zr ftu j[D fJj ;oeko B{z pj[s jh tZvh u[D"shj? fe gzikp d/ nfij/ FkBdko fJfsjkf;e, ;kfjse s/ Bk:kp ;fGnukfoe]}kB/ B{z ;KGD-;zGkbD bJh ;dp[ZXh ;fjs ;Zjh frnkB #s/ nXkfosgzikp d/ ;fGnkuko ;pzXh e'Jh nkbQk s/ fwnkoh Bhsh pDkt/. fJ;T[gozs ;oeko nkgD/ ;w[Zu/ ;wki B{z nkgD/ fto;/-ftok;s gqsh ikfrqseoB s/ yk; s"o #s/ nkgDh B"itkB ghVQh B{z ;jh fdFk s/ dFk d/D fjZse'Jh fBZro T[Zdw T[gokbk eo/. fco fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;oeko nkgDh;fGnkukfoe Bhsh Bz{ ngBkT[D s/ bkr{ eoB tk;s/ e'Jh @j?ohN/i s/ebuob efwFB# pDkt/, i' fe ;jh gfog/y ftu gzikp dh FkBkwZsh;z;feqsh B{z ;koh d[BhnK ftu BFo eoB dk nkgDk co} fBGkt/.

fJj dZ;D dh b'V BjhA j? fe nZi d[BhnK pVh fFZds Bkb ;kv/ pko/fJj ;G e[ZM ikDB dh sbprko j?. i/ ;oeko fJ; tk;s/ nkgD/ e"wh;g{sK gqsh pDdk nkgDk fJj co} ntZb fBGk d/t/ sK ;oeko tb'A e"whefbnkD fjZs fJj fJe tZvk ekoBkwk f;ZX j't/rk. }kfjo j? fe ;kvhe"w d/ nwo FjhdK s/ e"wh ;g{sK dh d/D Bz{ fJ; soQK d[BhnK ftu

503

T[ikro eoB Bkb e'Jh th ;oeko gqf;Xh Bz{ gqkgs j' e/ fJfsjk; ftunwosk Bz{ gj[zu ;edh j?. fJ; gq;zr ftu ;wMD dh b'V j? fe i/;oeko fJBQK e"wh w[ZfdnK s'A fEVedh j? sK f;nk;h gZXo s/ fJb?e;Bdh izr fiZs e/ th jkoh ;wMh ik ;edh j?. T[Xo d{i/ gk;/ i/ ;oekogzikp dh nfXnkswe s/ ;ZfGnkukfoe ftok;s B{z ;zGkb b?Adh j? sK fe;/;{os ftu jkoB d/ pkti{d th ;oeko dh fJ; fuo-;EkJh ekfJwofjD tkbh e"wh d/D B{z fJfsjk; fJe fiZs d/ o{g ftu nzfes eo/rk.2-4-13 ;[yftzdo

yk; eoe/ fJE/ fJ; gq;zr ftu fJj th ;wMD tkbh rZb j? fe fizBhd/o ;kv/ ftfdne e'o; ;kv/ e"wh fJfsjk; s/ ;kfjs ;pzXh ikDekoh B{z;jh sEK nB[;ko mhe gq;zr ftu fbnk e/ ;kvhnK j[D dhnK s/ nkT[DtkbhnK ghVQhnK sZe BjhA gj[zukT[Ad/ sK UBh d/o n;hA edkfuZs th nkgD/pZfunK B{z nkgDh nwho ftok;s Bkb BjhA i'V ;eKr/. fJ; tk;s/ j[D fJjnfsnzs }o{oh j' frnk j? fe nkgD/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB, FjhdK-w[ohdK s/ e"wd/ ;zxoFh :'fXnK dh wjkB ftok;s B{z ;zGkfbnk ikt/.

j[D fJ; rb dh }o{os j? fe n;hA nkgD/ wjkB g[ofynK s/ e"wh;g{sK dhnK e[opkBhnK s/ ;zxoFh ihtBK dh :kd B{z ;zGkbd/ j'J/, T[BQKpko/ gfjbK nkg b'VhAdh ikDekoh jkf;b eohJ/ ns/ fco fJ; B{z e"whgZXo #s/ d[BhnK ftu BFo eohJ/. fBo;zd/j ;kv/ fJ; eow ;dek ;kvkF[wko d[BhnK dhnK ;t?wkBh e"wK ftu j' ;e/rk. nZi gzikp d/ FkBkwZs/fJfsjk;, ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko B{z ;zGkbD s/ gq;koD dk w;bk gzikp dkf;oc X[Zydk w;bk jh BjhA, ;r'A fJj Gydk w;bk pD u[ek j?, fi; tZb;w[Zuh gzikphns s/ yk; eoe/ ;kv/ Xkofwe s/ okiBhfse nkr{nK s/;z;EktK tb'A gfjb d/ nXko #s/ fXnkB d/D s/ c"oh ekotkJh eoB dhb'V j[D ;w/A dh wzr pD u[eh j?.

r"osbp j? fe n;hA rb'pb s/ d[fBnkth gqGktK j/m j[D nkgD/ ;fwnKd/ jkDh }o{o pDhJ/. fJ; tk;s/ p/FZe ;Zs ;w[zdoK d/ sko{ s/ nekFK d/T[vko{ pD e/ BthA sfj}hp dhnK BthnK f\}ktK s/ pjkoK wkDhJ/l go ;kv/;wki dhnK nfXnksfwe, ;dkukfoe s/ B?fse edoK-ehwsK poeokoofjD. fJ; bJh nZi b'V j? fe ;kv/ ;wki d/ @t?fb:{ f;;Nw# Gkt edoK-

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ehwsK nB[;ko @gq/w d/ YkJh nZyo# tkbh gqkuhB gqzgok s/ wfonkdk ekfJwoj/. fJ; tk;s/ n;hA p/FZe ;G e[ZM SZv d/JhJ/, go d/F gq/w, Goksoh Gkts/ ;dkukoh nkuoD fe;/ ehws #s/ th Bk SZvhJ/.

w/o/ fynkb nB[;ko bzwh-u"Vh fcbk;ch ftu Bk g?Ad/ j'J/, gzikp d/;w[Zu/ ;fGnkuko dh ftnkfynk d' bkJhBK ftu jh ehsh ik ;edh j?.T[j fJj fe ;dhnK s'A ;kv/ ;fGnkuko dk w{b nXko @@tZfvnK dk;fseko, tho-GkJh s/ gVQd/-;[Dd/ B{z ;fs ;qh nekb s/ pZfunK B{zfgnko## fojk j?. fJ; tk;s/ i/ n;hA nkgDh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh s/ftfdne gqDkbh ftu fJ; d' ;soK d/ @phi wzso# dh jh pjkbh s/pekfJwh eo d/JhJ/ sK th ;kvh ;koh ;fGnkukfoe Bhsh w[V s'A EK-f;onk ;edh j?. go tZvh rZb fJj j? fe n;hA gfjbK sK ;kv/ ;w/A s'A uZb/nk oj/, fJ; ;wkfie wzso B{z gfjbK sK nkg Bk G[ZbhJ/ ns/ fco fJ;r[o-N'Ne/ B{z nkgD/ pZfunK B{z fdqVQ eotkJhJ/. fco fJ; soQK ;kvk ihtBT[d'A ;koEe wzfBnk ikt/rk fe id'A n;hA fbze ghVQh j'D d/ Bks/ nkgD/g[ofynK s/ tv/fonK d/ ihtBK s'A fwb/ fJ; wkor doFB B{z ;kv/ GftZyd/ ;{soXko pZfunK dh ghVQh sZe gj[zuk ;eKr/.

Fkbk! fJ; tk;s/ j[D n;hA n}kd e"wK tKr{z e"wh gZXo #s/ xZN'-xZNnkgDh ;fGnsk, ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko dh gqshe e'Jh j?ohN/i s/ebuo dh fBZro Bhsh pDk ;ehJ/. fJ; bJh fJ; nfjw e"wh gfjb{ #s/e[M e[ b'VhAdh ;zihdrh Bkb ftuko eoB, go T[; s'A tZX ;w[Zu/ s"o #s/;kv/ ;G tb'A izrh gZXo #s/ fJ; gZy'A ;zrokw eoB dh b'V j?. oZpokyk.w[Zedh rZb! i/ n;hA nkgDh j?ohN/i s/ ebuob gkfb;h ftugzikp, gzikphns s/ wK p'bh gzikph ;t?wkD s/ y[Fjkbh tor/ w[Zy T[d/FKs/ wzstK B{z Fkwb eoe/ g{oh fBFmk s/ fdqVQsk Bkb @Fjhdh gfjok# d/fdzd/ jK sK ;kv/ ;'jkD/ gzikp s/ gzikphnK B{z oZp dhnK ;Zs'A jh y?oK jB.

f;oh fJfs

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