: from science … … to instrumentation

XXIII ENAA

Nuno C. Santos (CAUP), Alexandre Cabral (CAAUL/FCUL), Manuel Abreu (CAAUL/FCUL),

João Coelho (CAAUL/FCUL), Pedro Figueira (CAUP), Ricardo Gomes (CAAUL/FCUL),

Carlos Martins (CAUP), Manuel Monteiro (CAUP), Mário João Monteiro (CAUP),

António Oliveira (CAAUL/FCUL), José Rebordão (CAAUL/FCUL), Pedro Santos (CAAUL/FCUL),

Sérgio Sousa (CAUP), Gerardo Ávila (ESO), Bernard-Alexis Delabre (ESO),

Denis Mégevand (Geneva Observatory), Filippo Zerbi (INAF Brera),

Paolo Di Marcantonio (INAF Trieste), Christophe Lovis (Geneva Observatory)

2 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

high‐efficiency, high‐resolution, fiber‐fed cross‐dispersed echelle spectrograph which can be operated with 1 or 4 UTs of ESO’s VLT

a rocky exoplantes hunter for the VLT

Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observation

3 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

4 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

TKO 01/2011

PDR 11/2011

FDR: multiple 06/2012 - 10/2013

IRR: multiple 04/2014 - 04/2015

PAE: multiple 06/2015 - 10/2015

PAC 12/2016

FA 12/2018

5 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

CCL

©ESO

■ ESPRESSO will be installed and operated at Paranal, in the Combined Coudé Lab and will be linked to the four 8 m Unit Telescopes

■ ESPRESSO can be operated in three modes:

■ In single high resolution (singleHR) mode or

■ In single ultra high resolution (singleUHR) mode

… light is collected from any one but only one UT.

■ In multi medium resolution (multiMR) mode

… light is collected from 2, 3 or all 4 UTs.

6 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

■Main Science Cases

■Search for Earth-like planets orbiting solar-type stars

■Variability of physical constants (α and μ)

7 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

■Other examples of ESPRESSO science

■ Stellar oscillations (astroseismology)

■ Chemical abundances of stars in the Galaxy and in nearby galaxies

■ Isotopes and line shifts

■ Globular clusters

■ Intergalactic medium and cosmology

■ Chemical enrichment in the IGM

■ Tomography of the IGM

■ Chemical properties of protogalaxies

■ Other Exoplanet science cases (e.g. reflection and transmission spectroscopy)

8 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

■The search for rocky planets

■900+ extrasolar planets discovered (most with RV)

■HARPS legacy: 40-60% of stars have planets with mass below 30 MEarth

■What is the frequency and properties of rocky planets around G-K-M dwarfs?

■Can we follow-up planets discovered by new space and ground “transit” missions (e.g. TESS, PLATO2.0)?

■Can we find a population of planets for future ground or space-based life-search missions?

9 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

■The expectations: comparing observations & models

(Mayor et al. 2011) (Mordasini et al. 2009)

observations models

rocky like

Jupiter like

Neptun like

10 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

singleUHR singleHR multiMR

Spectral range

Blue arm: 380 – 520 nm Red arm: 520 – 780 nm

Resolving power 200’000 130’000 55’000

Aperture on sky 0.5 arcsec 1.0 arcsec 4x1.0 arcsec

Intrum. RV precision <10 cm/s <10 cm/s <1 m/s

Detector type Monolithic backside illuminated CCD with 16 output amplifiers

Light sensitive area ~ 90 mm x 90 mm

Pixel size 9 or 10 µm (10k x 10k)

CTE Charge Transfer Efficiency ≥ 0.999995, from few e- to full well

Full well > 50’000 e-

Dark current ≤ 1 e-/pixel/hour; target 0.5 e-/pixel/hour ESPRESSO CCD engineering sample

11 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

Dataflow System

Instrument Control Electronics (including CT)

Thermal Enclosure & Vacuum Vessel

Spectrograph

Optical Mechanical Electrical

Fibre Link

Exposure meter

Front-End

Coudé Train

Laser F.Comb

Calibr. Unit

Echelle

APSU

CCD/ Dewar

Cameras

Optical Bench

Internal Interfaces

External Interfaces

System Engineering

Project Management

Product & Quality Assurance

12 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

Nasmyth Focus

Cassegrain Focus

M1

M2

M3

M4

M5

M6

M7

M8

Coudé Focus

Z

X Nasmyth

Focus

Espresso Coudé Train

≈70 m to the Spectrograph!

13 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

4.9 m

9.1 m

2.3 m

4.9 m

9.1 m

2.3 m

©ESO

69.1 m 46.2 m

61.0 m

62.3 m

69.1 m 46.2 m

61.0 m

62.3 m Distances from telescope azimuth to convergence point in CCL

Distances from telescope azimuth to convergence point in CCL

■ The Coudé Train is based on a Full Optics Concept comprising:

6 Prisms (some with power), 2 lenses and an ADC

14 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

■ The Coudé Train is based on a Full Optics Concept comprising:

6 Prisms (some with power), 2 lenses and an ADC

15 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

16 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

17 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

18 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal

19 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal