XXI Seminario de Genética de Poblaciones y...

XXI Seminario de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución

Sala Arcos - Hotel Calipolis

PROGRAMA Y RESÚMENES

PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS

Sitio Web - Web page: http://xxisgpe.uab.es

http://xxisgpe.uab.es/

Programa - Program

Lunes 3 de Octubre - Monday October 3rd

11:00-13:30 Llegada de los participantes. Recogida de la documentación

Arrival and registration of participants. Delivery of materials

11:15-13:30 Simposio jóvenes investigadores

Young Researcher Symposium

13:30-15:00 Almuerzo - Lunch

15:00-15:05 Bienvenida y presentación - Welcome and Presentation

Sesión 1. Evolución génica e innovación evolutiva Session 1. Gene evolution and evolutionary innovation

Moderadores - ChairpersonsJulio Rozas (Universitat de Barcelona)

Isaac Salazar-Ciudad (University of Helsinky)

15:05-17:10 Ponencias - Contributed talks

15:05-15:30 Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez. Origins and regulation of an eutherian novelty: TheBGW cluster

15:30-15:55 Cristian Cañestro. Gene loss, pushing the limits of animal evolution

15:55-16:20 Cinta Pegueroles. Evolution of long non-coding RNAs: selective constraints inboth functional and annotated lincRNA

16:20-16:45 Jorge Ruiz-Orera. Nucleotide variation patterns of translated ORFs in lncRNAssupport widespread translation of non-functional proteins

16:45-17:10 Miguel Pérez-Enciso. Análisis de la domesticación porcina basado en rutasmetabólicas

☕ 17:10-17:35 Café - Coတ�ee break


17:35-18:00 Marta Riutort. Comparative genetics of the diတ�erent reproductive strategiesin freshwater တတatworms

18:00-18:25 Francisco J. Silva. Have mechanisms reducing the rates of nucleotidesubstitution evolved in some ancient endosymbiont lineages?

18:25-18:50 Laura Baldo. Convergent evolution of the gut microbiota in the adaptiveradiations of African cichlid တတshes

18:50-19:15 Macarena Toll-Riera. The genomic basis of evolutionary innovation inPseudomonas aeruginosa

19:15-20:05 ☆ Conferencia invitada - Invited address ☆

Andreas Wagner. Cryptic variation, noise, and innovation in the simplest molecularsystems

20:05-20:30 Copa de bienvenida - Welcome drink

20:30-22:00 Cena - Dinner

22:00-23:30 Música a cargo del grupo Boogie Fever - Music by group Boogie Fever

Bar-terraza Inတတnity - Hotel Calipolis

Martes 4 de Octubre - Tuesday October 4th

8:00-9:00 Desayuno - Breakfast

Sesión 2. Genética de poblaciones y cuantitativa Session 2. Population and quantitative genetics

Moderadores - ChairpersonsJosefa González (Institut Biologia Evolutiva)

Antonio Barbadilla (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)


Dmitri Petrov. To be announced


09:50-10:15 Antonio Barbadilla. Integrative population genomics in Drosophila

10:15-10:40 Harold P. de Vladar. Joint sweeps of တတnite populations under stabilisingselection

10:40-11:05 Sebastián E. Ramos-Onsins. Statistics, computational tools and populationgenomic analyses to search for the eတ�ect of domestication



11:30-11:55 Miguel A. Toro. Parámetros genéticos ‘perdidos’ y ‘encontrados’ en estudiosde asociación

11:55-12:20 Aurora García-Dorado. Detección y estima de la purga genética utilizandodatos genealógicos

12:20-12:45 Jesús Fernández. Estimación multigeneracional del parentesco a partir demarcadores moleculares


Adam Eyre-Walker. Factors that aတ�ect the rate of adaptive evolution


Sesión 3. Evolución ecológica y de poblaciones Session 3. Ecological and population evolution

Moderadores - ChairpersonsMarta Riutort (Universitat de Barcelona)Marta Pascual (Universitat de Barcelona)


15:05-15:30 Doris Vela Peralta. Phylogenetic placement of Drosophila from Ecuador

15:30-15:55 Ana D. Caperta. Cytogenetic diversity and ecology in populations of thehalophyte Limonium vulgare and related taxa along the Portuguese coast

15:55-16:20 Marta Álvarez-Presas. New molecular markers to delve into phylogeographyand population genetic structure of two Brazilian land planarian species

16:20-16:45 Carlos Carreras. Population genomics of an endemic Mediterranean တတsh:from global to local diတ�erentiation caused by dispersal and adaptation

16:45-17:10 Luis Peñarrubia. Caracterización genética de la invasión de la almeja asiática(Corbicula) en la Península Ibérica



17:35-18:00 Borja Milá. Genomic analyses reveal the role of selection and low dispersal indriving intra-island diversiတတcation of a Reunion Island songbird

18:00-18:25 Marta Barluenga. Sensory drive and sympatric speciation in Neotropicalcrater lake cichlid တတsh

18:25-18:50 Jorge F. Henriques. Are there genetic trade-oတ�s between behavioral and life-history traits in the soil top predator Lycosa fasciiventris?

18:50-19:15 Fernando González-Candelas. The origin of modern syphilis and emergenceof a contemporary pandemic cluster


Amparo Latorre. Dissecting the genome reduction process in endosymbiotic bacteria

20:30-22:00 Cena - Dinner

Miércoles 5 de Octubre - Wednesday October 5th

8:00-9:00 Desayuno - Breakfast

Sesión 4. Genómica evolutiva y funcional Session 4. Functional and evolutionary genomics

Moderadores - ChairpersonsMario Cáceres (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)Alfredo Ruiz (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)


Henrik Kaessmann. The evolution of mammalian gene expression programs


09:50-10:15 Josefa González. The role of transposable element insertions inenvironmental adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster

10:15-10:40 Maria Pilar Garcia Guerreiro. Desregulación de elementos transponibles enhíbridos interespecíတတcos de Drosophila: causas y consecuencias

10:40-11:05 Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia. Understanding arthropod gene and genomeevolution through the comparative genomics and transcriptomics analyses of non-modelorganisms



11:30-11:55 Paulino Martínez. Whole genome sequencing of turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus): adaptation to demersal life and signatures of selection across its distributionrange

11:55-12:20 Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles. Combining genomics and natural history tounderstand the evolutionary biology of inversions in Drosophila subobscura

12:20-12:45 Margarida Matos. Can we predict Adaptive Evolution? A question with manyanswers


Gustavo Kuhn. Satellite DNAs in Drosophila exposed: news and perspectives emergingfrom the analysis of sequenced genomes


Sesión 5. Evolución de humanos y primates Session 5. Human and primate evolution

Moderadores - ChairpersonsElena Bosch (Institut Biologia Evolutiva)

Mauro Santos (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)


15:05-15:30 Sara Guirao-Rico. A genome wide IBD analysis in a worldwide sample of pigsreveals a complex network of introgression events

15:30-15:55 Francesc Calafell. Lineages of men: Y chromosome analysis reveals recent,independent expansions in Iberia and N. Africa

15:55-16:20 Martin Kuhlwilm. Chimpanzee genomic diversity reveals ancient admixturewith bonobos

16:20-16:45 Saioa López. Haplotype-based methods for the study of genetic diversity andadmixture events. Applications to modern and ancient human populations

16:45-17:10 Aida Andrés. Local adaptation in humans: Insights from modern and ancientgenomes



17:35-18:00 Haတတd Laayouni. Detection of natural selection at population level: insightsfrom human and chimpanzee populations

18:00-18:25 Mario Cáceres. Evolutionary and functional impact of polymorphic inversionsin the human genome

18:25-18:50 Oscar Lao. Identiတတcation of genetic barriers and genetic gradients by meansof a multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) coupled to a genetic algorithm

18:50-19:15 Simón Perera. Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombinationdogma


Eors Szathmary. Evolutionary neurodynamics

21:00-23:00 Cena de despedida - Conference Dinner Restaurante - Restaurant Vivero

23:00-23:40 ☆☆ Homenaje al Dr. Antonio Fontdevila - Homage to Dr. Antonio Fontdevila ☆☆

Restaurante - Restaurant Vivero

http://www.elviverositges.com/

http://www.elviverositges.com/

Simposio jóvenes investigadores Young Researcher Symposium

Lunes 3 de Octubre - Monday October 3rd

11:00-11:15 Llegada de los participantes

Arrival and registration of participants

11:15-11:35 Bienvenida al I Simposio de Jóvenes Investigadores

Welcome to the I Young Reseacher Symposium


11:35-11:50 Marta Puig Giribets. Evolution of the Hsp70 gene family at thesequence level, genomic organization and gene expression in Drosophilasubobscura

11:50-12:05 Mayukh Mondal. Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insightsinto ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation

12:05-12:20 Laia Carreté. Genome variation in the emerging fungal pathogenCandida glabrata

12:20-12:35 Isaac Noguera. Understanding the frequency distribution of humanpolymorphic inversions

12:35-12:50 Ana S. Róis. Interspeciတတc relationships in the halophyte Limoniumvulgare and related taxa (Plumbaginaceae) using the ITS1 marker

12:50-13:05 Miriam Merenciano. Multiple independent retrotransposon insertionsin the proximal promoter of a stress response gene in Drosophila melanogaster

13:05-13:20 Guillermo Friis. Testing the role of selection and demography indriving the rapid postglacial radiation of Dark-eyed Juncos

13:20-13:30 Clausura - Closing

Resúmenes

Abstracts

Presentación - Talk 1 Lunes - Monday 15:05-15:30

Sesión 1. Evolución génica e innovación evolutiva - Session 1. Gene evolution and evolutionary innovation

ORIGINS AND REGULATION OF AN EUTHERIAN NOVELTY: THE BGWCLUSTER

Enrique Navas1, Demian Burguera1, Cristina Vicente2, Fausto Ulloa3, Serena Mirra3,Jose Luis Ferran4, Salvatore d'Aniello5, Luis Puelles4, Manuel Irimia6, Eduardo Soriano3,Jaime Carvajal2, Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez1

1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona 2 Gene regulation andmorphogenesis group, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Seville 3 Department of CellBiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 4 Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty ofMedicine, University of Murcia 5 Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, StazioneZoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples 6 EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation,Barcelona

Two related gene subfamilies known as BEX and TCEAL map to a genomic regionspeciတတc to Eutheria (placental mammals). These families are part of a gene cluster,named “BGW cluster”, together with the ARMCX family and HNRNPH2. Some of theBEX/TCEAL genes have been related to control the balance between proliferation anddiတ�erentiation, while others promote apoptosis in a p75-dependent manner, but mostof them remain poorly studied.The ARMCX family and HNRNPH2 are derived from retrocopies of the ARMC10 andHNRNPH1 genes respectively –conserved across bilateria, and located in autosomalchromosomes–, whereas no orthologs have been found for the BEX/TCEAL familyoutside of Eutheria. However, all these genes share an intriguing feature: a sequencemotif in their proximal promoter region that appears to be crucial for their expression,the BGW motif. To further understand the evolution of this gene cluster, weinvestigated the origin of the BEX/TCEAL genes and traced it to an atypical formation inthe ancestor of eutherians. Furthermore, novel features associated with BEX/TCEALsuggest a more complete scenario for the origin of the cluster: the BGW motif wasalready present at the HNRNPH2 locus in the ancestor of therian mammals, beingsubsequently duplicated and coopted in the eutherian lineage by the BEX/TCEALancestor and, posteriorly, by the ARMCX ancestral gene. Finally, we also studied theexpression of the BEX/TCEAL genes during mouse development using in situhybridization. We found that they are highly expressed in the brain and placenta,which are structures that require a well-tuned control of cell cycle during theirdevelopment in eutherian mammals.Here we propose a scenario for the origin of the BEX/TCEAL family and for theformation of the BGW cluster where they belong. Their uncommon origin, theirpattern of expression, and their putative biological function during developmentmakes these genes an interesting subject of study to understand how lineage-speciတတcgenes could contribute to mammalian evolution.

Volver al programa / Back to the Program



GENE LOSS, PUSHING THE LIMITS OF ANIMAL EVOLUTION

Josep Martí-Solans1, Alfonso Ferrández-Roldán1, Olga V. Belyaeva2, Miriam Diaz-Gracia1, Marcos Plana-Carmona1, Alba Almazán-Almazán1, Anna Moncusí1, Nuria P.Torres-Aguila1, Paula Bujosa1, Natalia S. Rojas-Galván1, Enya Duran-Bello1, Natalia Y.Kedishvili2, Ricard Albalat1 and Cristian Cañestro1

(1) Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat(IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain) (2) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama – Birmingham,Birmingham (USA)

The bloom of Genomics is revealing a new perspective of gene loss as a pervasiveevolutionary source of genetic variation that can cause adaptive phenotypic diversityand inတတuence the evolution of species. Outside bacteria and yeast, however, theunderstanding of the process of gene loss remains elusive, especially in the evolutionof animal species. Our group, using the dismantling of gene networks in the chordateOikopleura dioica as a case study, investigates whether gene losses are compensatedby mutational robustness, and whether biased patterns of gene losses occur in thecontext of regressive or adaptive evolution. Our work illustrates how the identiတတcationof patterns of gene co-elimination can be a useful strategy to recognize gene networkmodules associated to distinct functions, and how the identiတတcation of survival genescan help to recognize neofunctionalization events and ancestral functions.




EVOLUTION OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS: SELECTIVE CONSTRAINTS INBOTH FUNCTIONAL AND ANNOTATED LINCRNA

Cinta Pegueroles1,2, Toni Gabaldón1,2,3

(1) Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG). Dr. Aiguader, 88.08003 Barcelona, Spain (2) Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). 08003 Barcelona, Spain. (3) Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona,Spain.

Despite long non-coding RNAs are largely transcribed in all studied eukaryoticgenomes, their functionality is still under debate since they are usually expressed atlow levels and they are poorly conserved across species. In addition, it was previouslysuggested that in those species having an small eတ�ective population size such ashuman, selection may be not strong enough to counteract the eတ�ect of drift. We haveevaluated signatures of selection in a curated dataset of experimentally characterizedhuman lncRNAs, as a reference for truly functional lncRNAs, and a large set ofannotated intergenic lncRNA (lincRNA). We focused in three main types of analysis:conservation across species, patterns of polymorphism within a species, andrelationships between sequence constraints and secondary structure. We foundevidence of purifying selection acting on lncRNAs. In addition, RNA secondarystructure seems to constrain sequence variation in lncRNAs. Importantly, this relationis independent of the GC content and the presence of splice-related motifs. Ourresults reinforce the idea that numerous predicted lncRNAs are indeed functional.




NUCLEOTIDE VARIATION PATTERNS OF TRANSLATED ORFS IN LNCRNASSUPPORT WIDESPREAD TRANSLATION OF NON-FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS

Jorge Ruiz-Orera1 Pol Verdaguer-Grau2, José Luis Villanueva-Cañas1, XavierMesseguer2, M.Mar Albà1,3

(1) Evolutionary Genomics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del MarResearch Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. (2) Llenguatges i Sistemes Informàtics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. (3) Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.

Any cell expresses thousands of transcripts that contain short, non-conserved, openreading frames and which are assumed to be non-coding. The functions of the vastmajority of these long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain unknown. Intriguingly,ribosome proတတling experiments have provided evidence that a large fraction oflncRNAs is translated (e.g. Ruiz-Orera et al., 2014). Many lncRNAs are evolutionaryyoung and they could play an important role in the evolution of new coding and non-coding functions (Ruiz-Orera et al., 2015).

Here we have employed ribosome proတတling sequencing data from eight mouse tissuesor cell types to investigate what drives the translation of lncRNAs and which are thefunctional consequences of this activity. Using the three-nucleotide read periodicitythat characterizes actively translated regions in transcripts we have detectedtranslation of about 1,500 lncRNAs, about one third of the initial lncRNA dataset. Wehave employed ~330,000 synonymous and non-synonymous mouse single nucleotidevariants to infer the strength of purifying selection acting on the translated proteins.We have identiတတed hundreds of mouse lncRNAs that are not conserved in human andwhich translate non-functional proteins. We have found that the nucleotide hexamercomposition of the ORFs has a signiတတcant inတတuence on the translatibility of theselncRNAs. The translation of lncRNAs တတlls a gap in our understanding of de novo proteincoding gene emergence.

Ruiz-Orera et al. (2014). Long non-coding RNAs a source of new peptides. Elife 3,e03523.Ruiz-Orera et al. (2015). Origins of de novo genes in human and chimpanzee. PlosGenetics 11, e1005721.




ANÁLISIS DE LA DOMESTICACIÓN PORCINA BASADO EN RUTASMETABÓLICAS

Jorge Leno-Colorado1, Antonio Reverter2, Miguel Pérez-Enciso1,3

(1) Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB),Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193. España. (2) CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia 4067, QLD, Australia (3) ICREA, Carrer de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, España.

El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es el análisis de posibles huellas genómicas de ladomesticación en cerdos, utilizando la vía metabólica como unidad del análisis.Hemosanalizado un total de 163 genomas porcinos (Sus scrofa) de todo el mundo queprovienen de bases de datos públicas y obtenidas en nuestro laboratorio. Losgenomas fueron clasiတတcados en 4 grandes grupos: jabalíes asiáticos (ASWB, n = 20),que contiene jabalíes de China, Corea del Sur y Rusia; cerdos domésticos asiáticos(ASDM, n = 60), incluyendo 10 razas chinas como Meishan o Wuzhishan; jabalíeseuropeos (EUWB, n = 20) de diferentes regiones de Europa como España, Italia, Greciay Holanda; y cerdos domésticos europeos (EUDM, n = 63). Se han obtenido todas lasvías metabólicas y sus genes a partir de la base de datos NCBI Biosystems (Geer et al.2010). Como medida de diferenciación, usamos el Fst. Realizamos dos análisis:comparando ASDM con ASWB, EUDM con EUWB. La obtención de un estadístico paracada vía, se hizo en dos etapas. En la primera obtuvimos un valor de probabilidad (P-value) empírico combinando mediante el estadístico de Fisher los Fsts de cada uno delos SNPs de cada gen (eliminando los que están en muy alto desequilibrio). En unasegunda etapa se repitió el proceso para todos los genes de cada ruta, y el P-valueတတnal se calculó mediante permutación. En nuestros resultados encontramos variasvías metabólicas importantes que parecen ser distintas entre cerdos salvajes ydomésticos, algunas de ellas están relacionadas con el metabolismo de ácidos grasos,azúcares y proteínas o con señales hormonales que están involucradas en elcomportamiento del animal, como puede ser la dopamina. En conclusión, el análisisde vías es un enfoque prometedor para detectar señales de selección ydomesticación.




COMPARATIVE GENETICS OF THE DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVESTRATEGIES IN FRESHWATER FLATWORMS

Marta Riutort1, Laia Leria1, Eduard Solà1, Miquel Vila-Farré2,

(1) Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat(IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain) (2) Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden (Germany).

The way how an organism reproduces plays a crucial role upon its genetic evolution.Sexual reproduction increases the genetic variability of the populations due torecombination and outcrossing. On the other hand, in asexual reproduction oတ�springis genetically identical to the parents, and the accumulation of deleterious mutationscan lead asexual populations to extinction. Freshwater တတatworms of the genus Dugesiashow a wide variety of reproductive strategies even in the same species: they canreproduce laying cocoons (either sexually or by parthenogenesis) and also asexuallyby တတssion (thanks to their great regeneration capabilities). The main objective of this work is to investigate how genetic variability is generated bythe diတ�erent reproductive strategies using D. subtentaculata as a model species. We have sequenced three molecular markers bearing diတ�erent types of information(nuclear exons and introns and a mitochondrial gene) of individuals belonging to eightnatural populations with diတ�erent types of reproduction. We have analysed thegenetic variability for the three markers at diတ�erent levels (intra-individual, population,by type of reproduction,…) by estimating population genetic parameters. The preliminary results show an extremely high haplotype mosaicism withinindividuals no matter their type of reproduction. However, the nucleotide diversity issigniတတcantly higher in individuals of mixed and တတssiparous populations. Moreover, allthe haplotypes of the exclusively sexual populations are private, while the rest ofindividuals share haplotypes between distantly distributed populations. These data provide new insights into the evolution of the diတ�erent types ofreproduction helping us to understand how asexually reproducing organismsovercome the problems associated to the absence of sex.




HAVE MECHANISMS REDUCING THE RATES OF NUCLEOTIDESUBSTITUTION EVOLVED IN SOME ANCIENT ENDOSYMBIONT

LINEAGES?

Francisco J. Silva1, Diego Santos-Garcia2

(1) Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain. (2) Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

The availability of complete genome sequences of bacterial endosymbionts with strictvertical transmission to the host progeny opens the possibility to estimate molecularevolutionary rates in diတ�erent lineages and understand the main biologicalmechanisms inတတuencing these rates. The sequencing of the genomes of four strains ofthe primary endosymbiont of whiteတတies (Portiera aleyrodidarum) showed that therates of nucleotide substitution were unexpectedly very low in three of the lineages, inspite of the fact that their gene repertories were strongly reduced with almost no DNArepair systems. A positive correlation was also observed between the rates ofsynonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. We have extended and compared therates of evolution for nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in nine bacterialendosymbiont lineages, belonging to four clades (Baumannia, Blochmannia, Portieraand Sulcia) primary endosymbionts of several insect species. The main results are theobservation of a positive correlation between both rates with diတ�erences amonglineages of up to three orders of magnitude and that the substitution rates decreaseover long endosymbioses. To explain these results we propose three mechanisms. Theတတrst, variations in the e†‐ciencies of DNA replication and DNA repair systems, is unableto explain most of the observed diတ�erences. The second, variations in the generationtime among bacterial lineages, would be based on the accumulation of fewer DNAreplication errors per unit time in organisms with longer generation times. The third, apotential control of the endosymbiont DNA replication and repair systems through thetransfer of nuclear-encoded proteins, could explain the lower rates in long-termobligate endosymbionts. Because the preservation of the genomic integrity of theharbored obligate endosymbiont would be advantageous for the insect host, biologicalmechanisms producing a general reduction in the rates of nucleotide substitution perunit of time would be a target for natural selection.




CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE ADAPTIVERADIATIONS OF AFRICAN CICHLID FISHES

Laura Baldo1, Joan L. Pretus1, Juan L. Riera1, Zuzana Musilova2, Walter Salzburger2

(1) Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona (2) Zoology Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland

African cichlids, with their spectacular radiations driven by adaptation to diတ�erenttrophic niches, provide a powerful comparative system for understanding theevolutionary dynamics of the host-gut microbiota association following host speciationand ecological divergence. Presence of natural replicates in host ecomorphs followingdiet convergence makes the system particularly useful to explore the role of the gutmicrobiota as a trophic trait, while accounting for other two confounding factors inshaping these microbial communities, host geography and phylogeny. If the gutmicrobiota plays a key role in the host adaptation to a trophic niche by optimizingnutrients extraction and absorption, then this trait should mirror the adaptation of theother eco-morphological traits of cichlids, such as gut and jaw morphologies, ratherthan phylogeny. Therefore, we expect compositional and functional microbialdivergence and convergence across species in function of the diet, and repeatability ofsuch processes across radiations. To test these predictions here we characterized the intra- and interspeciတတc variation ofthe gut microbiota of 29 wild cichlid species from two african lakes: Tanganyika(Zambia) and Barombi Mbo (Camerroon). We found a strong taxonomic and functionalmicrobial divergence of herbivores from carnivores and a remarkable convergence inthe gut microbiota of herbivores across distantly related species at each lake,supporting a primary role of the gut in the cichlid trophic adaptation.




THE GENOMIC BASIS OF EVOLUTIONARY INNOVATION INPSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Toll-Riera M1,2,3, San Millan A1, Wagner A2,3,4, MacLean RC1.

(1) Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. (2) Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland (3) The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. (4) The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America.

Novel traits play a key role in evolution, but their origins remain poorly understood.Here we address this problem by using experimental evolution to study bacterialinnovation in real time. We allowed 380 populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toadapt to 95 diတ�erent carbon sources that challenged bacteria with either evolvingnovel metabolic traits or optimizing existing traits. Whole genome sequencing of morethan 80 clones revealed profound diတ�erences in the genetic basis of innovation andoptimization. Innovation was associated with the rapid acquisition of mutations ingenes involved in transcription and metabolism. Mutations in pre-existing duplicategenes in the P. aeruginosa genome were common during innovation, but notoptimization. These duplicate genes may have been acquired by P. aeruginosa due toeither spontaneous gene ampliတတcation or horizontal gene transfer. High throughputphenotype assays revealed that novelty was associated with increased pleiotropiccosts that are likely to constrain innovation. However, mutations in duplicate geneswith close homologs in the P. aeruginosa genome were associated with low pleiotropiccosts compared to mutations in duplicate genes with distant homologs in the P.aeruginosa genome, suggesting that functional redundancy between duplicatesfacilitates innovation by buတ�ering pleiotropic costs.

This paper was recently published in Plos GeneticsToll-Riera M.*, San Millan A.*, Wagner A., MacLean RC. (2016). The genomic basis ofmetabolic evolutionary innovation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Genet.12(5):e1006005. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006005




CRYPTIC VARIATION, NOISE, AND INNOVATION IN THE SIMPLESTMOLECULAR SYSTEMS

Andreas Wagner

Dept. of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Y27-J-54. University of Zurich,Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Phenomena such as cryptic variation have တတrst been discovered in complexmulticellular organisms and their complex morphological traits. To study them in suchsystems is made di†‐cult by the fact that complex traits are aတ�ected by many geneswhose interactions are poorly understood. I will discuss laboratory evolutionexperiments that highlight the advantages of much simpler systems, such as evolvingRNA and protein molecules in studying these phenomena. These systems can helpunderstand the signiတတcance of cryptic variation, robustness, and noise for evolutionaryadaptations and innovations on all scales of biological organization.


Presentación - Talk 11 Martes - Tuesday 09:00-09:50

Sesión 2. Genética de poblaciones y cuantitativa - Session 2. Population and quantitative genetics

TO BE ANNOUNCED

Dmitri A. Petrov

Department of Biology, Stanford University, USA

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INTEGRATIVE POPULATION GENOMICS IN DROSOPHILA

Antonio Barbadilla1, Sònia Casillas1, Raquel Egea1, Marta Coronado1, Sergi Hervàs1,David Castellano1, Isaac Noguera1, Roger Mulet1, Esteve Sanz1, Isaac Salazar-Ciudad2,Irepan Salvador2, Alfredo Ruiz1

(1) Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina & Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. (2) University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland)

La genómica de poblaciones ha abierto nuevas líneas de indagación tanto en el nivelde la variación genómica como en el del nivel multiómico. Nuestra participación en unanálisis de genómica de poblaciones pionero en la especie Drosophila melanogasternos ha permitido proponer nuevas metodologías para medir el potencial adaptativode un genoma o cartograတတar la selección en una unidad anatómica o morfológica. Seha cuantiတတcado por primera vez el coste de ligamiento de un genoma (la interferenciaHill-Robertson, iHR) y descrito la selección en el espacio y en el tiempo del ciclo vital deD. melanogaster. Mediante una aproximación interdisciplinar, integrando métodos yconocimientos de genómica, genética de poblaciones, biología del desarrollo, ybioinformática, se han abordado los siguientes objetivos: (a) la descripción de lospatrones de variación y iHR a lo largo de los genomas de D. melanogaster y Drosophilasimulans analizado centenares de genomas completos secuenciados en variaspoblaciones del espectro geográတတco de distribución actual de estas especies; (b) laelaboración de un mapa de la adaptación y el constreñimiento selectivo en el embrióny la larva de D. melanogaster. La era actual de la genómica de poblaciones prometerevelarnos တတnalmente cuál es la verdadera naturaleza de la variación genética.

PALABRAS CLAVE: genómica de poblaciones, interferencia Hill-Robertson, evo-devomolecular, Drosophila




JOINT SWEEPS OF FINITE POPULATIONS UNDER STABILISING SELECTION

Harold P. de Vladar

Parmenides Foundation, Pullach (Germany)

Most quantitative traits are thought to be under stabilising selection. However, howthis mode of selection aတ�ects the alleles that compose the trait is not entirely clear,particularly for unequal eတ�ects on the trait. Moreover, understanding how selectioncombines with mutation and drift is even more puzzling. In a recent analyses it wasshown that in inတတnite populations (i.e. without genetic drift), the alleles of aquantitative character fall into two classes. It the eတ�ects are above a threshold, 4 mu/S,where mu is the allelic mutation rate and S the intensity of stabilising selection, thenthe alleles remain near တတxation. Alleles of eတ�ect lower than the threshold remain atintermediate frequencies of ~1/2. Also, there are several stable combinations thatallow the trait to nearly match the optimum value. In this talk I present results of asimilar system under genetic drift in stationary state. The picture is diတ�erent than ininတတnite populations because eventually all alleles will be တတxed. However, the alleles ofsmall eတ�ect are less constrained by selection and can freely wander the space ofgenetic combinations, but they still contribute less to the trait and negligibly to thegenetic variance. Peak shifts of alleles of large eတ�ect can occur. However, it is shownthat most of these shift are unlikely to occur at single loci at a time, and, instead,several alleles at diတ�erent loci stochastically sweep at the same time. In this way, thetrait remains close to the optimum while alleles of large eတ�ect switch states withoutgoing through a တတtness valley.




STATISTICS, COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS AND POPULATION GENOMICANALYSES TO SEARCH FOR THE EFFECT OF DOMESTICATION

Sebastián E. Ramos-Onsins1, Luca Ferretti2, Sara Guirao1, Porတတdio Hernández-Budé3,Joan Jené1, Carlos Montemuiño3, Javi Navarro3, Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia4,5, GonzaloVera1, Mireia Vidal-Villarejo1

(1) Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Ediတတci CRAG, Campus UAB.08193 Bellaterra, Spain. (2) The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom. (3) Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors i Sistemes Operatius (DACSO). Arquitectura iTecnología de Computadors. Escola d'Enginyeria ·Carrer de les Sitges. Campus de la UAB. 08193Bellaterra, Spain. (4) Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028,Barcelona, Spain. (5) Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona,Spain.

We aim to understand the eတ�ects of selection due to domestication by scanning thelevels and patterns of genomic variation in commercial interesting organisms such asSus scrofa (pig), Cucumis genus (melon, cucumber) or Prunus genus (peach, almond).To achieve this, we work on three diတ�erent lines: (i) we search for statistics andmethods to measure the genome variability and to disentangle selective patterns fromdemography in collaboration with theoreticians; (ii) we develop software for theanalysis of high throughput data, mainly in collaboration with computer engineers; (iii)we make genome-wide comparative analysis of nucleotide variability in domesticspecies (and also versus wild populations, if extant) to describe the patterns and levelsof variation and also perform computational simulations of evolutionary models inorder to analyze and to interpret the available data. We developed a new algorithm (PFcaller) designed to extract the variabilityinformation from genome sequencing data, specially for low read depth data and forpolyploidy and pooled sequence datasets. We also developed a computationalsolution (ngaSP) for the analysis of genome variability using NGS data, whichintegrates our own-in-house but also external applications. This solution is an opensource code designed to include new calculations provided by the scientiတတccommunity.




PARÁMETROS GENÉTICOS ‘PERDIDOS’ Y ‘ENCONTRADOS’ EN ESTUDIOSDE ASOCIACIÓN

Miguel A. Toro

Deprtamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIA, UPM, 28040 Madrid

Recientemente, en estudios de asociación, el tema de la ‘missing heritability’ harecibido mucha atención, aunque no tanto el comportamiento de otros parámetrosgenéticos. En primer lugar hemos analizado la relación entre la varianza genética(aditiva y dominante) de un QTL y la varianza genética (aditiva y dominante) ‘aparente’explicada por un marcador poniendo de maniတတesto que solo coinciden si el ligamientoes perfecto (el QTL y el marcador están completamente ligados y tienen las mismasfrecuencias). Este ligamiento perfecto no es posible si el QTL es trialélico. En segundolugar utilizando un modelo de un QTL y dos loci marcadores se muestra que esposible que aparezcan varianzas epistáticas ‘aparentes' incluso si el QTL es aditivo. Porúltimo en un contexto aditivo y utilizando un modelo de dos QTLs y dos marcadoresse muestra que la correlación genómica entre dos caracteres puede ser mayor, igual omenor que la correlación genética e incluso de signo distinto.




DETECCIÓN Y ESTIMA DE LA PURGA GENÉTICA UTILIZANDO DATOSGENEALÓGICOS

Aurora García-Dorado1, Jinliang Wang2, Eugenio López-Cortegano*1

(1) Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense. 28040, Madrid (2) Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK

La depresión consanguínea se debe sustancialmente a que el componente recesivode los efectos deletéreos (d, denominado aquí coeတတciente de purga) se expresa en loshomocigotos generados por consanguinidad. Ello desencadena a su vez la purgagenética, consistente en la selección en contra de d. Se ha acumulado evidencia de que, en poblaciones naturales, el lastre deconsanguinidad B es mucho mayor que el estimado en diseños de laboratorio, pero esde esperar que la purga sea también más intensa. Por tanto, resulta necesario estimarla depresión consanguínea y la purga con datos obtenidos en la naturaleza donde,gracias a los esfuerzos en conservación, se dispone a menudo de registrosgenealógicos que pueden completarse utilizando información molecular. Después de haber desarrollado un modelo para predecir las consecuencias conjuntasde la consanguinidad y la purga, presentamos aquí su ampliación al tratamiento dedatos de eတတcacia en individuos con genealogías conocidas. En primer lugar, la ecuación exponencial que predice la eတတcacia media se reformulapara la eတတcacia individual Wi, y se demuestra que la pendiente esperada del logaritmode Wi sobre la consanguinidad es [ln(1-2d)/2d]B, pudiendo ser por tanto,sustancialmente mayor que B en valor absoluto. En segundo lugar, se derivan ecuaciones genealógicas para los coeတတcientes deconsanguinidad y parentesco purgados, es decir, corregidos por la reducción enfrecuencia de los deletéreos atribuible a la purga. Finalmente, presentamos un software (PURGd) que calcula dichos coeတတcientes yestima d y la tasa de depresión consanguínea. Si no hay eတတcacias nulas, PURGd puedeanalizar la regresión lineal para el logaritmo de la eတတcacia, aunque, como se ha dicho,se obtendrá una estima sesgada de B. Alternativamente, PURGd puede estimar d y Bajustando directamente la ecuación exponencial por métodos numéricos. Una exploración preliminar de datos simulados muestra que este método,implementado en PURGd, discrimina si ha ocurrido purga y proporciona estimas dellastre de consanguinidad y el coeတတciente de purga que tienen buen valor predictivo. Elmétodo propuesto puede ser pues de gran ayuda para el análisis y valoración delpapel de la purga genética en la determinación de las consecuencias de laconsanguinidad sobre la eတတcacia, proporcionando información útil desde el punto devista evolutivo y conservacionista.




ESTIMACIÓN MULTIGENERACIONAL DEL PARENTESCO A PARTIR DEMARCADORES MOLECULARES

Jesús Fernández1, Miguel Ángel Toro2

(1) INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km. 7,5, 28040 Madrid (2) Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIA, UPM, 28040 Madrid

Además de los problemas derivados de su dependencia del conocimiento de lasfrecuencias alélicas ancestrales, muchos de los estimadores de parentesco a partir deinformación molecular no son capaces de diferenciar más que un rango limitado detipos de relación. Por ejemplo, solo pueden diferenciar entre hermanos o individuosno emparentados. Es más, sólo son eတတcaces para relaciones muy cercanas (hermanos,medios hermanos, padre-hijo). Uno de estos métodos, incluido en el grupo deestimadores de reconstrucción genealógica, se basa en maximizar la correlación entrela matriz de parentesco molecular y la matriz calculada a partir de genealogías usandoancestros virtuales. De esa manera puede estimar relaciones más complejas que otrosestimadores mediante la creación de genealogías más “profundas”. Sin embargo, unalimitación que presenta es que los individuos estudiados (genotipados) debenpertenecer a la misma generación (es decir, no pueden ser ancestros unos de losotros). Hemos extendido el método anterior para que sea capaz de trabajar conindividuos no contemporáneos que pertenezcan a diferentes generaciones.Simulaciones por ordenador han demostrado que este método es capaz dereconstruir genealogías de tamaño moderado que comprenden unas pocasgeneraciones usando un número factible de marcadores. La precisión mejora cuandose dispone de alguna información demográတတca (por ejemplo, el conocimiento de lafecha de nacimiento de los candidatos permite descartar algunos individuos comoancestros y/o descendientes). El método es también capaz de incorporar lainformación sobre los parentescos reales que ya se conozcan. Este estimador podríaser muy útil para determinar la estructura de poblaciones, especialmente cuando éstano es regular como ocurre en poblaciones salvajes o no sujetas a manejo especíတတco.Un caso especial es el de determinar los parentescos entre los individuos fundadoresde un núcleo en cautividad a partir de un población natural reducida. Se estáelaborando un software de uso libre que se distribuirá una vez တတnalizado.




FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION

Adam Eyre-Walker

School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex (UK)

In many species a substantial proportion of amino acid substitutions have beeninferred to be due to adaptive evolution. However, the rate of adaptive evolution isunlikely to be the same for all genes in the genome. In my talk I will explore threefactors that can potentially aတ�ect the rate of adaptive evolution: the rate ofrecombination, the rate of mutation and the age of the gene. I will show that low ratesof recombination depress the rate of adaptive evolution and that ~30% of allpotentially adaptive mutations are lost by Hill-Robertson interference due to a lack ofsu†‐cient recombination. I will also present evidence that genes with lower rates ofmutation have depressed rates of adaptation and that younger genes havesubstantially higher rates of adaptive evolution than older gene



Sesión 3. Evolución ecológica y de poblaciones - Session 3. Ecological and population evolution

PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF DROSOPHILA FROM ECUADOR

Doris Vela Peralta1, Miguel Pinto2

(1) Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontiတတcia Universidad Católica delEcuador, Quito-Ecuador (2) Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito-Ecuador

In Ecuador, more than 100 species of the genus Drosophila have been described inthe past 20 years, and this pattern continues with several new species beingdiscovered each year. This high diversity of Drosophila could be related with thegeographical location of Ecuador and with the high variety of natural ecosystems inthe Andean mountains.

Taxonomic classiတတcation of Drosophila species is based in characteristics of thegenitalia and general morphological traits The category “species group” is a level notrecognized by The Taxonomic Code, however has been used frequently by Drosophilataxonomist for clustering species with similar phenotypic and ecologicalcharacteristics. The species group classiတတcation should be reviewed, and phylogeneticrelationships should be conတတrmed, but molecular data are lacking for Neotropicalspecies. On the other hand, abundant information of Drosophila species from othergeographic regions is available in databases like GenBank.

Our objective was to generate DNA barcodes (a region of the COI gene) to place theEcuadorian Drosophila species in the Drosophilidae phylogeny to understand betterthe radiation of fruit တတies in the Neotropical region. The phylogenetic relationshipswere established using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses.

Additionally to mitochondrial markers, new nuclear markers should be generated toimprove the phylogenetic classiတတcation of neotropical species, this will allow us toconတတrm the classiတတcation proposed in base to morphological traits or to reorganize theprevious established relationships. The high biodiversity of Ecuador requires of newapproaches to identify and classify the species. These approaches should be based inmolecular markers in addition to morphological traits (integrative taxonomy). Verylittle is known about the Drosophila species from Ecuador yet, despite years of work;however integrative taxonomy looks promising to speed up Drosophila discoveries inthe region.




CYTOGENETIC DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY IN POPULATIONS OF THEHALOPHYTE LIMONIUM VULGARE AND RELATED TAXA ALONG THE

PORTUGUESE COAST

Sílvia Castro1, João Loureiro1, Joana Costa1, Pedro Arsénio2, Dalila Espírito Santo2, AnaD. Caperta2

(1) Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, CalçadaMartim de Freitas 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal (2) Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem (LEAF), Instituto Superior deAgronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

Limonium spp. (Plumbaginaceae), typically found in coastal areas and saline steppes(Erben, 1993; Kubitzki, 1993), harbour signiတတcant diversity. The polyploid (2n = 4x = 36chromosomes) Limonium vulgare shares morphological a†‐nities with the closelyrelated L. maritimum (Cortinhas et al., 2015), but there is no information on the ploidylevel of the later species. In this study, we addressed the (1) geographical patterns, (2)cytotype distribution and diversity within and among populations, and (3) comparedthe habitat of these species along the Portuguese coast. Individuals from naturalpopulations were sampled and DNA ploidy levels were estimated using တတowcytometry. Chromosome counts were also made to conတတrm ploidy level estimations.Furthermore, occurrence data points were characterized regarding climatic factorsand surface lithology. Our results showed that L. vulgare was scattered in saltmarshesall over the coast and have a broader distribution than L. maritimum, which tend to bedistributed in rocky formations in northern Portugal. In both species, mostpopulations showed constancy in ploidy levels, while mixed-ploidy populations andaneuploid individuals were also detected in L. vulgare. Although there aremorphological and cytogenetic a†‐nities between species, our results provide evidenceof ecological diတ�erentiation between L. vulgare and L. maritimum.




NEW MOLECULAR MARKERS TO DELVE INTO PHYLOGEOGRAPHY ANDPOPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF TWO BRAZILIAN LAND

PLANARIAN SPECIES

Marta Álvarez-Presas1, Fernando Carbayo2, Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia1, Eduard Ocaña-Pallarés3, Julio Rozas1, Marta Riutort1

(1) Dept. de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística i Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat deBarcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (2) Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de SãoPaulo, 03828-000 São Paulo (Brazil) (3) Multicellgenome Lab, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain

A well-resolved phylogeny and population genetic analyses are pivotal for any studyaiming to characterize the distribution of biodiversity and the processes that originateand maintain it. Terrestrial planarians (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes), having lowmobility, are ideal for this type of studies. Although being non-model organisms wehave begun to beneတတt from the possibility of using next-generation sequencing, whichallows rapid and economical production of large amounts of raw data without priorknowledge of the genome. In recent publications we have analysed the geneticdiversity distribution of Cephaloတတexa bergi to test the state of conservation of theremaining fragments of Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF). The results showed high levels ofnucleotide diversity indicating a pre-Pleistocenic origin for populations’ diversity.Hence, it was proposed the existence of refugia during the Pleistocene in unpredictedregions, plus complex secondary contacts among populations. However the markersused (Cox1 and ITS-1) lacked power to give support to any of the alternativehypotheses posed. Now, in order to better analyse the factors that have shaped thecurrent distribution pattern of genetic diversity, we will focus on a smaller region, theconserved areas of the state of São Paulo, covering diတ�erent parameters (altitude,coastal vs interior mountains, etc.) and using new markers. The presence of São Paulocity and all the infrastructures around it will moreover allow us to assess the impact ofhuman activity on the conservation of AF. We have conducted Illumina HiSeqsequencing for two species (C. bergi and Imbira marcusi) in four diတ�erent localities inorder to တတnd new mitochondrial and nuclear markers that provide information ongenetic divergence within and between populations. We are at present testing the newmarkers with a တတnal goal of doing a small-scale study of the genetic diversitydistribution for the two species and infer the events and parameters that had shapedit.




POPULATION GENOMICS OF AN ENDEMIC MEDITERRANEAN FISH: FROMGLOBAL TO LOCAL DIFFERENTIATION CAUSED BY DISPERSAL AND

ADAPTATION

Carlos Carreras1, Víctor Ordóñez1, Enrique Macpherson2, Marta Pascual1

(1) Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Av.Diagonal643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. (2) Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Car. Acc. Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes Girona,Spain.

High-throughput sequencing technologies allow genotyping thousands of markers ona genome-wide approach. This is a crucial advantage when studying species with largeeတ�ective population sizes, as low numbers of markers may compromise the detectionof population structuring. Furthermore, when designing networks of protected areas,it is essential to work from global to a local spatial scale as well as with non-modelorganisms, as they comprise most of the biodiversity. To assess the potential of thesenew sequencing technologies applied to non-model species, we used Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) to analyse 412 individuals of a common littoral တတsh (Symphodustinca) from 16 locations collected in three diတ�erent areas of its distribution: WesternMediterranean, Adriatic/Ionian region and Black Sea. We obtained a total of 4,553polymorphic SNPs. All the individuals clustered in three diတ�erentiated groups,matching the three regional sampling areas, but the overall structure masked the localတတne-scale structuring and thus a hierarchical approach was needed. In this study, weanalysed the Adriatic/Ionian region in order to clarify the relationships amongpopulations within this region. We identiတတed 83 outlier SNPs to be potentially underdirectional selection and 3,932 neutral SNPs, both showing signiတတcant structuringwithin the basin (FST = 0.1350 and FST = 0.0046, respectively). Some of the adaptiveSNPs could be related to environmental factors as revealed with a BlastN searchagainst the closest-related တတsh genome available, the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). Two strong barriers to gene တတow were observed indicating a larger geneticdiတ�erentiation than previously detected, the main one diတ�erentiating Tremiti Islands,in the northwest, from all the other samples (Fst range 0.013-0.021, P< 0.001) and thesecond one separating east and south-west localities (Fst range 0.004-0.006, P< 0.001).Population genomics and adaptation studies in ecologically non-model relevantspecies are တတnally at hand. These new genomic approaches reveal a geneticstructuring that shows the role of selection in biodiversity assessments and couldchange our vision when designing networks of protected areas.




CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA DE LA INVASIÓN DE LA ALMEJA ASIÁTICA(CORBICULA) EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA

Luis Peñarrubia1, Rosa Maria Araguas1, Oriol Vidal1, Carles Pla1, Jordi Viñas1, NuriaSanz1

(1) Laboratori d’Ictiologia Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona. Campus Montilivi, E-17003, Girona, Spain.

La almeja asiática (Corbicula sp.) es una especie invasora de bivalvos de aguas dulcesoriginaria de Asia, el Medio Este, África y Australia. Sin embargo, su actual rango dedistribución incluye masas de agua a lo largo de todo el mundo. Esta especie producegrandes impactos tanto a nivel ecológico como económico en los ecosistemas dondese establece. Se han descrito tres grandes linajes que predominan en el rango deinvasión dentro de esta especie, que juntos forman un complejo de especies capaz dehibridar individuos de los diferentes linajes. Todos ellos presentan un sistema dereproducción asexual, donde un único individuo adulto hermafrodita puede generaruna descendecia compuesta por individuos clones del mismo progenitor gracias a laandrogénesis; y donde existen procesos de captura mitocondrial entre individuos delmismo o de diferente linaje, generando transferencia de información entre ellos. En este estudio, recolectamos 175 individuos adultos de almeja asiática procedentesde diferentes localizaciones de la Península Ibérica junto a diferentes localizaciones deEuropa y USA. Nuestro objetivo consistia en caracterizar genéticamente la estructuragenética a lo largo dediferentes poblaciones de la Península Ibérica y evaluar ladistribución de los diferentes linajes dentro de ellas. Utilizamos una combinación dedos marcadores genéticos, el gen nuclear 28S y el gen COI mitocondrial, que nospermitió caracterizar tanto la herencia paterna como materna.Nuestros resultados mostraron 7 haplotipos diferentes en el gen COI mitocondrial,junto a 10 haplotipos en el gen 28S nuclear a lo largo de los 175 individuos. El análisisတတlogenético de estos haplotipos agrupó todos los individuos dentro de los clusterscorrespondientes a los tres linajes invasores de almeja asiática. La distribucióngeográတတca de los haplotipos de ambos marcadores detectó una elevada divergenciagenética entre los indiviuos del Delta del río Ebro y el resto de las localizacionesIbéricas, indicando que ocurrieron al menos dos episodios de invasión diferentes.Además, esta distribución sugiere que ha habido posteriores contactos secundariosentre las localizaciones ibéricas y otras localizaciones de Europa. Por último, nuestrosresultados revelaron que la hibridación nuclear entre linajes derivada de laandrogénesis, con más frecuencia de lo que se había detallado en previos estudios,contribuye a mantener los niveles de diversidad génica durante el proceso de invasiónde la almeja asiática




GENOMIC ANALYSES REVEAL THE ROLE OF SELECTION AND LOWDISPERSAL IN DRIVING INTRA-ISLAND DIVERSIFICATION OF A REUNION

ISLAND SONGBIRD

Borja Milá1, Yann Bourgeois2, Boris Delahaie2, Josselin Cornuault2, Joris Bertrand2,Christophe Thébaud2

(1) Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain. (2) Laboratoire Ecologie et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.

Oceanic islands provide unique scenarios in which to identify the factors involved inpopulation divergence and speciation. The Mascarene gray white-eye (Zosteropsborbonicus) shows several geographically-structured plumage color forms on thesmall yet ecologically complex island of Reunion (2,500 km2). We use mtDNA,microsatellites, genome-wide SNPs and pehenotypic data to investigate theevolutionary history of this unique intra-island radiation. A preliminary tree based on20,000 SNPs obtained by RADseq, reveals that Z. borbonicus is divided into two mainclades corresponding to ecologically diတ�erent highland and lowland areas, separatedby a steep genetic and phenotypic cline. In turn, the three color forms in the lowlandsform reciprocally monophyletic clades, with most high-Fst variants found to be locatedon the Z sex chromosome. Phylogenetic and pedigree analyses revealed that thesympatric gray and brown individuals in the highlands represent a true geneticpolymorphism, driven by a single genomic region on chromosome 1, a locus notpreviously known to host genes related to melanic pigmentation. Our genomic andmorphometric results show the early role of ecology in dividing populations intohighland and lowland forms, and the existence of independent lineages in thelowlands suggests the existence of premating isolating barriers to reproduction, likelydue to sexual selection on plumage traits. Despite being good တတyers, our resultsindicate that dispersal in the gray white-eye is extremely limited and suggest the roleof selection in restricting gene တတow between incipient evolutionary lineages.




SENSORY DRIVE AND SYMPATRIC SPECIATION IN NEOTROPICAL CRATERLAKE CICHLID FISH

Barluenga, M.

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, 28006 madrid

Environmental heterogeneity provides diverse visual environments to whichorganisms adapt in order to detect food, avoid predators or တတnd mates. We study theadaptation of visual systems in Neotropcial cichlid တတsh to the local conditions ofseveral crater lakes, but also to microhabitats within lakes. We hypothesize that thediversity of light environments tunes the တတsh’s visual system, which could aတ�ect matingand either cause speciation, or reinforce diတ�erences among diverging species.Speciation through sensory drive is a mechanism that might explain rapiddiversiတတcation in sympatry, and be a key to explaining the extreme cichlid diversity.




ARE THERE GENETIC TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN BEHAVIORAL AND LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS IN THE SOIL TOP PREDATOR LYCOSA FASCIIVENTRIS?

Jorge F. Henriques1, Mariángeles Lacava2, Celeste Guzman3,Eva De Mas3, SaraMagalhães1, Jordi Moya-Laraño3

(1) cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências,Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal (2)Laboratorio de Ecología del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas ClementeEstable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay (3)Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estacio´n Experimental de Zonas A ´ ridas, CSIC, Carretera deSacramento s/n, 04120-La Can˜ada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain

With the increasing number of studies concerning animal personality, or therecognition of intra-individual consistency in behaviour leading to inter-individualdiတ�erences in behavior as raw material for evolution, the တတeld of behavioral ecologyhas found a cornerstone. Despite several studies concerning animal personality traitssuch as boldness or aggressiveness, the factors aတ�ecting consistency in inter-individual diတ�erences in behavior is poorly understood. In particular the heritability ofsuch personalities and potential genetic trade-oတ�s or correlations with life-historytraits, remain to be identiတတed. In this study, we evaluate the additive genetic variation and the heritability of selectedbehavioral and life-history traits. To this aim, we conducted a half-sib split-brooddesign to evaluate additive genetic eတ�ects, heritability and genetic correlations in aseries of behavioral and life-history traits of the predator Lycosa fasciiventris, acommon wolf spider in the Iberian Peninsula. Spiderlings of 50 sire and 100 damfamilies were raised under two feeding treatments, in which 3 spiderlings within eachbrood were fed three times more food than the remaining 9 spiderlings. Behavioraltraits (boldness and/or aggressiveness) were assessed recurring to analysis of videorecordings.Our preliminary results show negligible heritability for body size at birth andassimilation e†‐ciency, but moderately high heritability for body condition at birth.Together, this set of data may provide accurate quantitative genetic estimates infunctional traits for a soil top predator, which may allow to predict the outcome of eco-evolutionary feedback loops within soil food webs.




THE ORIGIN OF MODERN SYPHILIS AND EMERGENCE OF ACONTEMPORARY PANDEMIC CLUSTER

Natasha Arora1,2, Verena Schuenemann3, Leonor Sánchez-Busó4, Denise Kühnert5,Lorenzo Giacani6, Arturo Centurión-Lara6, Steven J. Norris7, David Smajs8, Philipp P.Bosshard9, Kay Nieselt10, Johannes Krause11, Homayoun C. Bagheri1, FernandoGonzález-Candelas4 and their group members

(1) Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland (2) Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (3) Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany (4) Unidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública FISABIO/Universidad de Valencia. CIBER in Epidemiology andPublic Health, Spain. (5) Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Computational Evolution, ETH Zurich,Switzerland (6) University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, andDepartment of Global Health, Seattle, WA USA (7) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TXUSA (8) Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (9) Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland (10) Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Germany (11) Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany

Syphilis swept across the world in the 16th century as one of most prominentdocumented pandemics and is re-emerging worldwide despite the availability ofeတ�ective antibiotics. Little is known about the genetic patterns in current infections orthe evolutionary origins of the disease due to the non-cultivable and clonal nature ofthe causative bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. In this study, we haveused DNA capture and next generation sequencing to obtain whole genome data fromsyphilis patient specimens and from treponemes propagated in the lab. A total of 39genomes were included in the analyses, encompassing 31 T. pallidum subsp. pallidum(TPA), 7 T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (TPE) and one T. pallidum subsp. endemicum(TPN) Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the syphilis strains examined share acommon ancestor posterior to the 15th century. Moreover, most contemporarystrains are azithromycin resistant, and form part of a global dominant cluster thatbegan diversifying from a common ancestor only in the mid-20th century. This clusterhas the population genetic and epidemiological features indicative of the emergenceof a pandemic lineage.




DISSECTING THE GENOME REDUCTION PROCESS IN ENDOSYMBIOTICBACTERIA

Amparo Latorre

(1) Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Genética Evolutiva. Universitat de València,Valencia 22085, Spain. (2) Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO),Genómica y Salud, Valencia, 46020, Spain.

Endosymbiosis between bacteria and insects is a common phenomenon, usuallyrelated to the diet upgrade of the hosts due to the metabolic complementation withtheir symbionts. During the transition from free-living to intracellular life styles thebacteria undergo many structural and metabolic changes, being genome reduction ageneral characteristic in all studied systems. A model case is Buchnera aphidicola, theobligate endosymbiont of most aphids, whose role is to supply nutrients that arelacking in the aphid’s phloem diet, mainly essential amino acids and some vitamins.Apart from Buchnera, many aphids harbor secondary endosymbionts. Among these,Serratia symbiotica is a very interesting case for the study of genome erosion. Inmembers of the Aphidinae subfamily S. symbiotica is of facultative nature and harborlarge genomes (from 3.6Mb to 2.6Mb), whereas in the Lachninae subfamily it hasestablished co-obligate associations with Buchnera. However, the three co-obligate S.symbiotica genomes analyzed in our laboratory are indeed very diတ�erent. They showstrikingly diတ�erences in genome sizes (2.5Mb, 1.7Mb and 0.7Mb), number of CDS(1,600, 677 and 495), localizations (extracellular/intracellular), presence/absence of IS(insertion sequences) and the amount of non-coding DNA. Comparative genomics ofall these cases, together with the available genomes of closely related free-livingSerratia, gives us a very unique opportunity to study in detail the genome reductionprocess (from free-living to reduced obligate endosymbiont) within a single taxonevolving in a similar biological niche (aphid-Buchnera).


Presentación - Talk 29 Miércoles - Wednesday 09:00-09:50

Sesión 4. Genómica evolutiva y funcional - Session 4. Functional and evolutionary genomics

THE EVOLUTION OF MAMMALIAN GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMS

Henrik Kaessmann

Group leader in the DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance ZMBH - Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg University ImNeuenheimer Feld 282 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Shared mammalian traits include lactation, hair and relatively large brains with uniquestructures. Individual lineages have, in turn, evolved distinct anatomical, physiologicaland behavioral characteristics relating to diတ�erences in reproduction, life span,cognitive abilities and disease susceptibility. Regulatory mutations aတ�ecting geneexpression (rather then mutations altering the sequence of the gene product)probably explain many or even most phenotypic diတ�erences among species. Theadvent of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approaches now allows foraccurate and sensitive assessments of transcript sequences and expression levels at agenome-wide scale. We have been generating comprehensive sets of RNA-seq data fora large collection of germline and somatic tissues from representatives of all majormammalian lineages (placental mammals, marsupials, and the egg–layingmonotremes) and evolutionary outgroups (e.g., birds). In conjunction with varioushigh-throughput genomic/epigenomic data, we are using these transcriptome datasetsto study the functional (expression) evolution of mammalian genomes across genetypes, species/lineages, tissues, developmental stages, cell types, chromosomes andsexes. I will present recent selected highlights of this endeavor.




THE ROLE OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT INSERTIONS INENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Lain Guio1, Miriam Merenciano1, Anna Ullastres1, Maite G. Barrón1, Vivien Horváth1,José Luis Villanueva-Cañas1, Josefa González1

(1) Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona. Spain.

Transposable elements are likely to play a role in adaptive evolution because they arepowerful mutagens that create a great variety of mutations. However, the role oftransposable elements in adaptation has been understudied due to methodologicallimitations. The availability of next-generation sequencing techniques allows us tostudy transposable element-induced adaptations to an unprecedented scale. We haveperformed a genome-wide screening looking for transposable element-inducedadaptations in Drosophila melanogaster. While previous studies included only asubset of the transposable element insertions present in the reference genome, wehave now analyzed the majority of the euchromatic insertions. We have used acomputational pipeline, T-lex2, to estimate the frequencies of these 1,621 insertions in61 natural populations including one African population from the ancestral range ofthe species. We have identiတတed 203 insertions with signiတတcantly diတ�erent frequencieswithin and outside of Africa. So far, we have been able to map four candidatetransposable element insertions to their ecologically relevant phenotypic eတ�ect and topinpoint the molecular mechanism underlying them. Currently, we are investigatingthe role of transposable element-induced mutations in immune response.




DESREGULACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS TRANSPONIBLES EN HÍBRIDOSINTERESPECÍFICOS DE DROSOPHILA: CAUSAS Y CONSECUENCIAS

Valèria Romero-Soriano1, Laurent Modolo2, Hélène Lopez-Maestre2, Bruno Mugat3,Eugénie Pessia2, Séverine Chambeyron3, Cristina Vieira2, Maria Pilar Garcia Guerreiro1

(1) Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra(Barcelona), Spain. (2) Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France. (3) Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, UPR1142, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

El estrés genómico causado por la hibridación interespecíတတca puede ocasionar laactivación de elementos transponibles (ETs), tanto en animales como en plantas.Estudios previos realizados en nuestro grupo mostraron que hasta 28 familias deelementos podrían ser movilizadas en híbridos entre las especies D. buzzatii y D.koepferae, así como alteraciones de los patrones de expresión de los elementosOsvaldo y Helena. Hasta la fecha se desconocen los mecanismos responsables de estaactivación así como sus causas. En este trabajo evaluamos el impacto de la hibridaciónen el tamaño del genoma de los híbridos de estas dos especies a través de cuatrogeneraciones. Los resultados muestran la existencia de una expansión genómica, queafecta a las hembras del primer retrocruce; lo que constituye la primera evidencia enanimales de que el aumento del tamaño del genoma en híbridos interespecíတတcospuede estar asociado a la movilización de ETs. En la segunda parte del trabajo se intentan explicar las posibles causas de ladesregulación de los ETs. Con este propósito se realizó un estudio global en gónadasdel transcriptoma de los ETs, así como de los RNAs pequeños que los regulan(piRNAs), tanto en las especies parentales como en híbridos mediante la técnica deRNaseq. Los resultados muestran que alrededor del 15% de los ETs estándesregulados en ovarios de la F1. Estos resultados no pueden ser completamenteexplicados por diferencias en las cantidades de piRNAs entre las especies parentales.Adicionalmente observamos que los genes que codiတတcan para las proteínas implicadasen la síntesis de estos piRNAs, presentan patrones de expresión diferencial entre lasdos especies parentales. Por lo tanto, la divergencia funcional de la via piRNA entre D.buzzatii y D. koepferae podría ser otro de los factores implicados en lasincompatibilidades observadas en híbridos así como en la desregulación de los ETs.No obstante, algunos ETs no tienen piRNAs asociados. Esto nos lleva a pensar en laexistencia de rutas de regulación alternativas y de modiတတcación de las marcas de lashistonas, asociadas a ETs, que merecen ser exploradas en el futuro.




UNDERSTANDING ARTHROPOD GENE AND GENOME EVOLUTIONTHROUGH THE COMPARATIVE GENOMICS AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS

ANALYSES OF NON-MODEL ORGANISMS

Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia1, Cristina Frías-López1, José F. Sánchez-Herrero1, JoelVizueta1, Paula Escuer-Pifarré1, Albert Ferrer-Mata1, Nuria E. Macías-Hernández2,Miquel A. Arnedo2 & Julio Rozas1

(1) Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat(IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (2) Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de laBiodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona

Oceanic island biotas have been long recognized as simpliတတed natural experiments ofevolution, providing tractable case studies for assessing the genomic basis ofadaptation and the mechanisms that generate biodiversity. Using the terrestrialradiation of the spider Dysdera (Dysderidae: Araneae) in the Canary Islands as a modelsystem, we are investigating the global genomic determinants of speciesdiversiတတcation, with a special focus on the genetic changes associated with dietaryspecialization in this genus. We are using comparative genomics and transcriptomicsapproaches to identify the speciတတc nucleotide changes, both in coding and non-codingregulatory sequences, the diတ�erences in gene copy number and the diတ�erentialexpression patterns associated with phenotypic divergence in this genus. We havecompared the transcriptomes of two pairs of generalist and specialist Dysdera species(regarding to the type of diet), using the transcriptome of a generalist outgroupspecies as a reference, and we are sequencing and assembling the complete genomeof a pair of these species and of this reference.On the other hand, we are also interested in the contribution of rapidly evolving genefamilies in genome organization and evolution. Currently, we are extending ourprevious comparative genomics study on arthropod chemosensory gene families tovarious chelicerate genomes (with public available genome sequence) and also to thetardigrade and onychophoran model species, Hypsibius dujardini and Euperipatoidesrowelli, respectively. At the same time, and to gain insights into the speciတတc membersof these gene families involved in smell and taste of some of these lineages, we haveobtained and analyzing the transcriptomes of candidate chemosensory structures inour spider model (D. silvatica), one myriapod (Strigamia maritima) and theonychophoran E. rowelli. We are integrating our results with available genomic andtrasncriptomic information in other representative species with the တတnal goal ofunderstanding the origin and evolution of the molecular components of thechemosensory system in arthropods and their contribution to genome architecture inthese ancient lineages.




WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF TURBOT (SCOPHTHALMUSMAXIMUS): ADAPTATION TO DEMERSAL LIFE AND SIGNATURES OF

SELECTION ACROSS ITS DISTRIBUTION RANGE

Martínez P, Bouza C, Rubiolo JA, Prado FD, Vera M, Robledo D, Hermida M, Taboada X,Vilas R, Fernández C, Pardo BG, Viñas A, The Aquatrace consortium, The TurbotGenome consortium

Departamento de Xenética, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Turbot is a very appreciated marine species showing the highest world aquacultureproduction among တတatတတsh and important တတsheries in Atlantic Europe. As a တတatတတsh(Pleuronectiformes), a group with a controversial phylogeny and evolutionary origin,the turbot is adapted to demersal life. Also, because of its wide distribution range, thisspecies lives in a variety of temperature and salinity regimes. Here, we report theturbot genome assembly integrated with all previous transcriptomic and mappingdata and apply this valuable resource to identify genomic signatures related toadaptation to its particular lifestyle and to the environment diversity across itsdistribution range. Genome assembly resulted in 544 Mb (contig-N50: 31.2kb; scaတ�old-N50:4.2Mb). A total of 22,751 protein-coding genes were identiတတed, more than 85%being functionally annotated. The genome (>90%) was anchored to the turbot geneticmap (~600 markers) enabling to investigate teleost chromosome evolution bycomparative mapping. Orthology and paralogy relationships were analyzed regardingother vertebrates to characterize syntenic relationships and duplication events inteleost evolution, and to investigate speciတတc duplications of the တတatတတsh lineage relatedto adaptations to demersal life. Our data suggest a reတတned vision of turbot to adapt tobenthic life supported by the presence of duplicated green-sensitive opsin genes alongwith other duplicated genes related to vision. This observation contrasts with thedecayed visual system reported in other တတatတတsh like tongue sole (Cynoglossussemilaevis). Another diတ�erence between both species is related to the metabolicmachinery involved in preventing oxidation of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), which appears to be related to their diတ�erent thermal preferences. Conversely,the expansion of the olfactory system is shared by turbot and tongue sole, suggestinga common origin. Recent studies have suggested the presence of adaptive divergenceof turbot populations, especially related to salinity and temperature in the Atlanticarea. We used a panel of 755 SNPs in 22 sampling sites across the Europeandistribution range to identify selection signals under diတ�erent temperature and salinityregimes. A total of 23 outliers suggesting divergent selection were identiတတed, being 17related to the Atlantic area, four to the Baltic Sea and two exclusive when comparingBaltic and Black Sea. Most outliers were located in the turbot map and some of themassociated with previously reported QTL. These results provide useful information forconservation of တတsheries and boosting aquaculture breeding programs of this species.




COMBINING GENOMICS AND NATURAL HISTORY TO UNDERSTAND THEEVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF INVERSIONS IN DROSOPHILA

SUBOBSCURA

Rosa Tarrío1, Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles1

(1) Departament de Genetica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva(GGBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.

Chromosomal inversions are ubiquitous features of genomes with an impact on theevolution of recombination. Inversions are di†‐cult to investigate by populationgenomics means, because they typically create a pattern of cryptic, chromosome-speciတတc population substructure that is not accounted for by most current cost-eတ�ective next-generation sequencing designs. Drosophila furnishes a way out to thisdrawback, because of the availability of giant polytene chromosomes and balancedlethal stocks for the identiတတcation and isolation of gametes, yet at considerableexperimental cost. To be worth the eတ�ort, this approach should be targeted to anappropriate model system, ideally one whose descriptive phase is accomplished andexhibits exploitable patterns. The endemic Palearctic species D. subobscura exhibitsone of the known richest inversion polymorphisms that aတ�ects all its တတve acrocentricchromosomes, thereby it should qualify as ideal for research on the populationgenomics of inversions. But according to the prevailing view, the inversionpolymorphisms of D. subobscura are “semi-rigid” because they vary only latitudinally,which limits the interest of this species for its use in experimental designs at moremanageable spatiotemporal scales. A critical look to the information supporting thisview, however, reveals inappropriate designs and downplay of contrary evidence,which suggests that the system’s description stage might have been closedprematurely. We decided to reopen the issue using a longitudinal cross-sectionalmonitoring approach at increasingly တတne-grained scales of space, including geography,altitude and mountain slope aspect, and time, from interdecadal to intraseasonal.Against the dominant view, our results show that the chromosomal inversionpolymorphisms of D. subobscura vary neatly and consistently across all assayedspatiotemporal scales, and do so as if the inversions diတ�ered in their eတ�ects on thethermal adaptation of their carriers. We plan to use the newly identiတတed dimensions ofvariation to conduct a cross-sliding-window analysis of chromosome-wide nucleotidediversity patterns for alternative inversions. This approach should help us to identifythe molecular targets of natural selection and test alternative models of the role ofinversions in local adaptation.




CAN WE PREDICT ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION? A QUESTION WITH MANYANSWERS

Margarida Matos1**, Inês Fragata1,2**, Marta A.Santos1,3, Gonçalo S. Faria1,4, MauroSantos5, Soတတa G. Seabra1** & Pedro Simões1**

(1) cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências,Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. (2) Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal (3) CEDOC – Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, Lisboa, Portugal (4) School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK (5) Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España **These authors contributed equally

How capable are populations to adapt to environmental changes? Will populations ofcontrasting histories converge, both at the phenotypic and genomic level, whenadapting to a common environment? In spite of the importance of this issue, fewstudies have addressed it. Taking advantage of Drosophila subobscura naturaldiတ�erentiation, we founded in a common lab environment populations derived fromcontrasting European latitudes. We then followed their real-time evolutionarydynamics, both in phenotypic traits and chromosomal inversion frequencies. Initially,the populations were highly diတ�erentiated for all traits. While phenotypic convergenceoccurred in few generations in the laboratory, after 40 generations populationsremained diတ�erentiated at the karyotypic level. Thus, despite the role of selection,history played an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of the frequencies ofchromosomal inversions. We are further characterizing by pool-seq the genomictemporal changes of the populations derived from the latitudinal extremes (Portugaland Netherlands). Allele frequency variation in SNPs with signal of selection revealedthat initially diတ�erentiated populations followed diတ�erent genetic routes duringadaptation, with no genetic convergence detected between them. We are nowinvestigating the dynamics of selected variants to explore if there are common genesinvolved in the evolutionary changes of these populations. Our overall data indicatehitherto that similar phenotypic optima were reached through diတ�erent genetic paths,suggesting that history plays an important role but does not constrain adaptiveevolution. The signature of history and its impact on the evolutionary dynamics maythus have diတ�erent outcomes depending on the level that is being assessed. Ongoingdirections include the analysis of the evolution of the genetic content of speciတတcinversions and to test how much the (un)predictability of evolutionary patterns iscontingent on the biological levels under study.




SATELLITE DNAS IN DROSOPHILA EXPOSED: NEWS AND PERSPECTIVESEMERGING FROM THE ANALYSIS OF SEQUENCED GENOMES

Gustavo Kuhn

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

Satellite DNAs consist of tandemly repeated DNA sequences with repetition gradesusually within the range of 103 to 107. Long and homogeneous arrays made ofsatDNA repeats are located in the heterochromatin, but recent studies also revealedthe presence of short arrays dispersed along the euchromatin. The collection ofsatDNAs makes large portions (usually more than 30%) of animal and plant genomes.Although satDNAs do not code for proteins, they may play important cellular roles,including participation in chromatin packaging, centromere formation/maintenanceand gene regulation. Despite their abundance, diversity and sometimes widespreadgenomic distribution, our knowledge about several features of satDNAs is still limited.In the past decades, satDNAs have been mostly studied from a small sample of clonedrepeats obtained by biased experimental approaches (usually by restriction digestionand/or PCR), isolated from one or few species. Experimental strategies for theidentiတတcation of satDNAs were expensive, time-consuming and insu†‐cient for theidentiတတcation of the whole collection of satDNAs from any chosen genome. Next-generation sequencing technologies have recently provided a revolution in thenumber of species with sequenced genomes, while new and e†‐cient bioinformatictools have been speciတတcally developed towards genome-wide identiတတcation ofrepetitive DNAs. We are taking advantage of the large reservoir of genomic sequencesfrom several Drosophila species to conduct an in-depth investigation on satDNAsthrough a combination of bioinformatic, cytogenomic and phylogenetic approaches.During my talk, I will show examples coming from diတ�erent Drosophila species thathelp to illustrate how the results are improving our understanding about the origin,genomic distribution, mobility and evolution of satDNAs and increasingly highlightingtheir importance in shaping eukaryotic genomes.



Sesión 5. Evolución de humanos y primates - Session 5. Human and primate evolution

A GENOME WIDE IBD ANALYSIS IN A WORLDWIDE SAMPLE OF PIGSREVEALS A COMPLEX NETWORK OF INTROGRESSION EVENTS

Sara Guirao-Rico1, Jordi Leno-Colorado1, Miguel Pérez-Enciso1,2

(1) Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona,Spain. (2) ICREA, Pg Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.

The species Sus scrofa was independently domesticated in Asia and in Europe fromthe local wild boars in each continent, about 9,000 year ago, while both clades haddiverged ca. 1 MYA. It is known that international pig breeds are the result ofintrogressing Asian pigs into local European pigs during the 17th century onwards, andhence these European breeds are actually genetic mosaics of highly divergenthaplotypes. The percentage of Chinese germplasm has been estimated to be 20 - 30%,depending on breeds and methods employed. Some European breeds, like Iberianand Mangalitza, are thought not to be introgressed with Asian pigs. Although theimpact of the introgression has been recently studied by Bosse et al. (2014), importantaspects remain to be elucidated; among them, what has been the real impact of thisevent in porcine variability, whether it was a single or multiple introgression event, itsgeographical origin and the impact of introgression on genetic architecture of complextraits.

To investigate these issues, here we present the most comprehensive analysis to dateof the haplotype structure and relationships across pig breeds. We used an enlargedsample (compared to Bosse et al. 2015) comprising 228 complete wild boar and piggenomes from diတ�erent populations worldwide that contained a total of 21 M SNPs.This allowed us to identify introgressed genomic regions, the geographical origin ofAsian germplasm and the distribution pattern of these fragments in each Europeanpig genome. The analysis indicate a an intricate network of genetic relationshipsamong domesticated populations Our results show that the Asian to Europe တတow wasnot a homogeneous, single pulse event, but rather revealed numerous admixtureevents with multiple origin sources. We observe that the contribution of the NorthernChinese haplotypes is higher than the Southern Chinese ones, similar to what hasbeen observed for a low-recombining region of the X-chromosome (Ai et al. 2014,Groenen 2016). Moreover, the extent of introgression and its origin diတ�ered betweenEuropean breeds. International pig breeds were the more introgressed and the Iberianand Mangalitza breeds, the less ones. Interestingly, the British local rare breeds exhibitan intermediate level of introgression.




LINEAGES OF MEN: Y CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS REVEALS RECENT,INDEPENDENT EXPANSIONS IN IBERIA AND N. AFRICA

Neus Solé-Morata1, Patricia Villaescusa2, Vadim Urasim3, Jaume Bertranpetit1, MarianMartínez de Pancorbo2, David Comas1, Francesc Calafell1

(1) Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (2) BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Vitoria-Gasteiz (3) Yfull, Moscow

The analysis of the complete sequences of the Y chromosomes in the 1000 Genomesproject has revealed that a number of haplogroups increased rapidly in frequencybursts of extreme expansion in diတ�erent populations at historical times linked tomigrations and technological innovations.Here we present the analysis of two such haplogroups that expanded independentlyon either side of the Gibraltar Straits: R1b-DF27 in Iberia and E-M81 in N. Africa. R1b-DF27 was recently discovered as a sister group to R1b-U152 and R1b-L21; all three aresubclades of R1b-P312, a common haplogroup in W Europe, with frequencies rangingfrom 50% to >90% in the Basque Country and Ireland. We have genotyped DF27 and anumber of its derived SNPs in populations from Spain, Portugal and France. Itsfrequencies are ~40% in most of Spain and Portugal, but reach 74% in native Basques;on the contrary, they drop to 5-10% in France, even in populations close to thePyrenees. We also genotyped 16 Y-STRs, which allowed us to estimate the age of DF27at 3,400 years ago. Both the variance of the Y-STR repeat sizes and the age estimateswere similar across N Iberia, which makes it di†‐cult to pinpoint an exact place oforigin for DF27. We are currently trying to တတt a demographic model to explain theburst of DF27 in the last 110 generations.E-M81 is found at high frequencies (up to 75%) in NW Africa, but is also present in NEAfrica, the Middle East, and at low frequencies (<10%) in Iberia and Sicily. For the တတrsttime, we analyze whole Y chromosome sequences from 32 males selected forbelonging to the E-M81 haplogroup. The analysis of whole Y chromosome sequenceshas enabled the discovery of new variants deတတning new subclades within the E-M81branch. Those variants, as well as 16 Y-STRs, have been genotyped in more than 200North African samples. We have found that E-M81 subclades show no discerniblegeographical structure, which is probably due to the recent age (we estimated ~2,000years ago) and rapid expansion of this haplogroup.




CHIMPANZEE GENOMIC DIVERSITY REVEALS ANCIENT ADMIXTURE WITHBONOBOS

Martin Kuhlwilm1, Marc de Manuel1, Peter Frandsen2,3, Vitor Sousa4, JessicaHernandez-Rodriguez1, Lukas F.K. Kuderna1, The Chimpanzee Diversity Consortium,Aida M. Andrés5, Aylwyn Scally6, Laurent Exco†‐er4, Chris Tyler-Smith7, SergiCastellano5, Yali Xue7, Christina Hvilsom3, Tomas Marques-Bonet1,8,9

(1) Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), PRBB, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona,Catalonia 08003, Spain. (2) Department of Biology, Bioinformatics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. (3) Research and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. (4) Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 105 Lausanne, Switzerland. (5) Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, DeutscherPlatz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany. (6) Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK. (7) Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. (8) CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (9) Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia 08010, Spain.

Due to an almost complete absence of fossils, the evolutionary history ofchimpanzees can best be explored using genetic data from present-day populations.Here, we analyzed the complete genomes of 75 wild-born chimpanzees and bonobosfrom ten diတ�erent countries in Africa to decipher the complex demographic history ofour closest living relatives. We တတnd that the central chimpanzees carry the largestamount of ancestral variation and that population structure at regional scale makesgenetic diversity a good predictor of the geographic origin, making it possible to re-assign chimpanzees of unknown provenance. Multiple lines of evidence from allelesharing, properties and ages of haplotypes, as well as demographic models based onthe allele frequency spectrum suggest ancient gene တတow from bonobos into theancestors of central and eastern chimpanzees more than 200 thousand and less than500 thousand years ago, probably with subsequent spread to Nigeria-Cameroonchimpanzees. Additionally, more recent gene တတow from bonobos into centralchimpanzees implies at least two phases of secondary contact, contributing at least~1% to the central chimpanzee genome. Admixture thus appears to have beenwidespread during hominid evolution.




HAPLOTYPE-BASED METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITYAND ADMIXTURE EVENTS. APPLICATIONS TO MODERN AND ANCIENT

HUMAN POPULATIONS

Saioa López1, Ayele Tarekegn2, Neil Bradman2, Mark G Thomas1, Garrett Hellenthal1

(1) Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK (2) The Henry Stewart Group, London, UK

Unravelling the ancestral history of populations is becoming more approachable inthe era of genome-wide data analyses. We use a "chromosome painting" approachthat exploits linkage among neighbouring SNPs, and has been shown to be morepowerful than commonly-used algorithms (like PCA, STRUCTURE or ADMIXTURE) toidentify population structure and infer and date admixture events among populations.Furthermore, we describe a novel Bayesian mixture model that represents bothmodern and ancient individuals as mixtures of other sampled individuals based onshared haplotype patterns.

We apply these approaches to world-wide human samples, including new genome-wide data from 1,157 Ethiopian individuals (belonging to 77 diတ�erentethnic/occupational groups) and 355 individuals from Sudan (belonging to 37 ethnicgroups). These regions are where the တတrst remains of anatomically modern humanswere found and exhibit some of the highest levels of genetic diversity in the world.Thus they are ideal places to study the processes that have driven recent humanevolution over several diတ�erent time scales. For example, we identify which moderngroups are most related genetically to a previously described 4500-year-old Ethiopiangenome, and precisely how those modern groups' genomes have changed due to drift,admixture and selection eတ�ects. We provide a comprehensive picture of the geneticdiversity across these regions, and use this information to investigate thetopographical and sociological features that promote interactions leading to geneticexchange or imposing barriers to genetic intermixing.




LOCAL ADAPTATION IN HUMANS: INSIGHTS FROM MODERN ANDANCIENT GENOMES

Felix M Key1, Joshua Schmidt1, Muslihudeen A. Abdul-Aziz1, Qiaomei Fu2, FrédéricRomagné1, Benjamin Peter3, Mauro d’Amato4, Megan Dennis5, Michael Lachmann6,Aida M Andrés1

(1) Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany (2) Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China (3) Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (4) BioDonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain (5) UCDavis Genome Center, Davis, CA, USA (6) Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA

Humans inhabit today a wide variety of environments, but the colonization of many ofthem started only a few thousands of years ago, as modern humans migrated out ofAfrica. This raises the question of whether (and if so, how) human populations havebiologically adapted to their diverse local environments. For years, modern genomedata suggested a limited role of positive selection and local adaptation on humanpopulation diတ�erentiation. Combining ancient and modern human genomes I willshow that local adaptation has indeed contributed to the (modest) geneticdiတ�erentiation that exists among human groups. In Europe, more locally adaptivealleles are of hunter-gatherer than farmer origin, as expected from early hunter-gatherers inhabiting Europe long before the arrival of southern farmers. The nature ofthese adaptive alleles is diverse and includes newly adaptive mutations, segregatingvariants that were previously mildly advantageous or under balancing selection, andintrogressed alleles from other human groups. The eတ�ects of these alleles are alsodiverse, as they aတ�ect numerous phenotypes. I will discuss in detail the evidence forstrong, local positive selection having raised the frequency of cold-adaptive alleles inhuman populations living in high latitudes.




DETECTION OF NATURAL SELECTION AT POPULATION LEVEL: INSIGHTSFROM HUMAN AND CHIMPANZEE POPULATIONS

Haတတd Laayouni, Begoña Dobon, Sandra Walsh, Jessica Nye, Mayukh Mondal, LudovicaMontanucci, Jaume Bertranpetit.

Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Evolutionary analysis at the molecular level provides new tools to biology byconsidering the action of natural selection in genes and groups of genes on theirfunctional setting of molecular pathways of their gene products. By comparinggenomic data of diတ�erent populations within a single species, we can distinguishbetween selection at large or short scales, allowing detection (and sometimesmeasurement) of natural selection in the form of positive selection and purifyingselection. Whole genome sequences from African populations from Ethiopia, as well as wholegenome sequences from diတ�erent Chimpanzee populations are analyzed. Results arediscussed in the light of new opportunities and limitations of detecting positiveselection analyzing whole genome sequences.




EVOLUTIONARY AND FUNCTIONAL IMPACT OF POLYMORPHICINVERSIONS IN THE HUMAN GENOME

Carla Giner-Delgado1,2,†, Sergi Villatoro1,†, Magdalena Gayà-Vidal1,† , Jon Lerga-Jaso1,Meritxell Oliva1, David Castellano1, David Izquierdo1, Isaac Noguera1, LorenaPantano1, Marta Puig1, Mario Cáceres1,3

(1) Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra(Barcelona), Spain. (2) Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra(Barcelona), Spain. (3) ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain† These authors contributed equally to this work.

For a long time Drosophila inversion polymorphism has been a big paradigm inevolutionary biology. However, due to the di†‐culty of their study, little is known aboutthe role of inversions in other organisms. Here we present the တတnal results of INVFEST,an ambitious project towards the complete characterization of polymorphic inversionsin the human genome. First, we have determined the distribution of 45 inversions in550 individuals from seven populations of the 1000 Genomes Project, whichrepresents the largest population genetics study of human inversions so far. Inversionfrequency spectrum showed considerable variation (MAF = 0.5-49.7%), with a biastowards intermediate frequencies and signiတတcant diတ�erences among populations (Fst =0.01-0.49) in several cases. In particular, by using diတ�erent tests we have found thatdistribution patterns of some inversions are not consistent with a neutral scenario andsuggest events of positive or balancing selection. Second, the analysis of thenucleotide variation within the inverted region revealed that inversions mediated byinverted repeats (N = 26) show an unexpectedly high degree of recurrence, with mostof them occurring on diတ�erent haplotypes in humans and showing also diတ�erentorientations in chimpanzees and gorillas. This contrasts with inversions with simplebreakpoints (N = 19), which are unique and can be tagged by SNPs. Finally, we haveidentiတတed diတ�erent functional eတ�ects of the inversions, ranging from gene breakage,inversion of alternatively spliced exons, and generation of new fusion transcripts. Ourintegrative analysis therefore illustrates the dynamic nature of the genome andrepresents a key step in deတတning the evolutionary impact of this type of structuralvariants at diတ�erent levels.




IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC BARRIERS AND GENETIC GRADIENTS BYMEANS OF A MULTIPLE REGRESSION ON DISTANCE MATRICES (MRM)

COUPLED TO A GENETIC ALGORITHM

Iago Maceda1,2, Oscar Lao1,2

(1) CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. (2) Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Despite the broad genetic homogeneity existing in the human genome, a small andsigniတတcant proportion of human genetic variation is not randomly distributed amongindividuals. It has been shown that most of human population substructure isexplained by geography so the genetic diတ�erentiation between any two individualstends to correlate with the geographic distance of their sampling locations. Whetherthis geographic diတ�erentiation is smooth (clinal) or sharp (barrier) is still a contentioustopic in the scientiတတc community. Previous population based algorithms for identifyinggenetic barriers focus on identifying sharp genetic discontinuities between spatialneighbours (i.e. Monmonier algorithm) or spatially classifying populations intogenetically homogeneous groups (i.e. SAMOVA). Nevertheless, none of them considerthe fact that within a given geographic region deတတned by a genetic barrier, populationswill tend to show genetic gradients due to isolation by distance.In the present study we combined a meta-heuristic approach called genetic algorithmwith well-established geostatistical techniques to develop a new algorithm foridentifying clusters of spatially related populations showing similar genetic gradients.We တတrst show the performance of the proposed algorithm on simulated datasetsunder diတ�erent demographic and spatial scenarios. Next, we applied it to publiclyavailable human databases.




REAPPRAISING THE HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA RECOMBINATIONDOGMA

Simón Perera1, Amanda Ramos1,2, Luis Alvarez3, Maria Guardiola1, Manuela Lima2,Maria Pilar Aluja1 and Cristina Santos1

(1) Unitat Antropologia Biològica, Department Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. (2) Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Instituto deInvestigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; and Instituto de Biologia Moleculare Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. (3) i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology andImmunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Correspondence to: [email protected]

The value of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a major tool for human evolutionarystudies relies on the assumption that it does not recombine. Evidences accumulatingduring the last ten years have, however, questioned this “dogma”. Direct evidence ofrecombination has been limited to studies with diseased individuals. On whatconcerns indirect tests of recombination, ambiguous results have been obtained,partly because such studies have been applied to small datasets and were mainlyconceived to analyse nuclear DNA. The main goal of this work was to test forrecombination in human mtDNA using both direct and indirect approaches. Weapplied the single molecule PCR (smPCR) procedure to directly test for recombinationin two multiheteroplasmic individuals without any overt pathology. Moreover, wetested for recombination in the whole mitochondrial genomes of more than 16 000individuals. We analysed the existence of recombination in the global dataset, as wellas in macrohaplogroup- and haplogroup-deတတned sequence subsets, with theneighbour-similarity score (NSS) test, which was shown to be the best adapted foranalysing recombination in mtDNA. Direct and indirect evidence of recombinationwere found. Indirect evidences of past recombination events were found for asigniတတcant number of the deတတned haplogroup- and macrohaplogroup- subsets, as wellas for a signiတတcant number of theof the partitions in the global dataset. Overall, wepresent robust evidence for human mtDNA recombination. This တတnding poses newresearch questions, which compel to revise the current dogma of absence ofrecombination in human mtDNA, as well as the current evolutionary knowledgederived from the study of this molecule in humans.




EVOLUTIONARY NEURODYNAMICS

Eörs Szathmáry1,2

(1) Institute for Advanced Studies Koszeg, Hungary (2) Parmenides Center for the Conceptual Foundations of Science, Pullach-Munich, Germany

We present a proof-of-principle model for Darwinian evolutionary search forcandidate solutions in the brain. While previous selectionist approaches resting on theelimination of surplus neurons and connections are empirically well supported, ourquestion here is whether the brain could also implement a truly evolutionary systemconstituted by units that multiply with hereditary variation on which selection inrepeated rounds can act. We argue that the brain can potentially host thisevolutionary implementation, because all its components are present, and wouldcertainly be extremely useful for generating new variation in cognitive tasks. Thesecomponents are: recurrent attractor networks for memory, the cortex/ basal ganglia/ thalamus/ cortex loop for evaluation, and implicit or unconscious working memory tostore interim candidate solutions. We employ attractor networks with palimpsestmemory that operate under a Hebbian-like modiတတed covariance rule, allowing them tostore correlated information without catastrophic forgetting in regular attractorbasins. The same architecture can be used for fast search among stored solutions (byselection) and for evolutionary search when novel candidate solutions are generatedin successive iterations. Novelty is generated in three ways: (i) noisy recall of patternsfrom the attractor networks, (ii) noise during transmission of candidate solutions asmessages between networks, and, (iii) spontaneously generated, untrained patterns inspurious attractors. We discuss the implications of our ideas for high-level cognitiveprocesses, such as stochastic search in the language of thought.



Simposio jovenes investigadores - Young Researchers Symposium

EVOLUTION OF THE HSP70 GENE FAMILY AT THE SEQUENCE LEVEL,GENOMIC ORGANIZATION AND GENE EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA

SUBOBSCURA

Marta P. Giribets, Mª Pilar García Guerreiro, Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles, Rosa Tarrío.

(1) Grup de Recerca de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Evolució, Dept. de Genètica i Microbiologia,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.

The species D. subobscura is native to the temperate Palearctic region, havingrecently colonized South and North America. The species displays a rich inversionpolymorphism in all its တတve acrocentric chromosomes, whose spatiotemporaldistribution patterns clearly attest that they are adaptive. Particularly interesting aretwo O chromosome gene arrangements with north-south clinal geographicdistributions, namely the warm-climate associated O3+4 and the cool-climateassociated OST. An early heat shock experiment from our laboratory identiတတed thethermal-stress-inducible Hsp70 locus, which in D. subobscura is known to be locatedwithin the O3+4 arrangement, as a candidate gene responsible for alleged diတ�erencesin thermal adaptation between the two arrangements. It was found that, တတieshomokaryotypic for O3+4 exhibited increased basal levels of Hsp70 that remainedstably high after exposure to heat-shock, in contrast with OST and O3+4+8, whichexhibited the typical inducible behavior. Although constantly high levels of HSP70 inO3+4 might be detrimental for the cell, they might be advantageous in moderatelywarm environments. We decided to explore this issue in depth, using a two-tieredapproach consisting in တတrst characterizing the nucleotide sequence and genomicorganization of the Hsp70 family, and second assessing its gene expression levelsconsidering both mRNA and protein. We used isochromosomal isogenic strains, andincluded the four most common arrangements of interest, namely OST, O3+4, O3+4+8and O3+4+16. Our preliminar results show that the Hsp70 gene family of D. subobscuraconsists of two closely spaced, highly similar copies placed in divergent orientation,and that this organization is conserved across all the four assayed gene arrangements.A comparative sequence analysis across lines indicates that the coding regions areunder strong purifying selection. Diတ�erences in basal HSP70 levels betweenarrangements, as quantiတတed by ELISA, are nonsigniတတcant statistically, and areuncorrelated with the observed cis-regulatory variation. We plan to continue our studywith the corresponding mRNA expression analyses.


Resúmenes jóvenes investigadores

Abstracts Young Researcher

Presentación jóvenes investigadores - Talk Young Researcher 1 Lunes - Monday 12:05-12:20


GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANDAMANESE PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTOANCIENT HUMAN MIGRATION INTO ASIA AND ADAPTATION

Mayukh Mondal1, Ferran Casals2, Tina Xu3, Giovanni M. Dall’Olio4, Marc Pybus1, Mihai

G. Netea5, David Comas1, Haတတd Laayouni1,6, Qibin Li3, Partha P. Majumder7, Jaume

Bertranpetit1,8

(1) Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (2) Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (3) BGI Shenzhen, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China (4) Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage, Hertfordshire ,United Kingdom (5) Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (6) Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra,Catalonia, Spain (7) National Institute of BioMedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India (8) Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

To shed light on the peopling of South Asia and the origins of the morphologicaladaptations found there, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from tenAndamanese individuals and compared them with 60 individuals from mainlandIndian populations with diတ�erent ethnic histories, and with publicly-available data fromother populations. We show that all Asian and Paciတတc populations share a single originand expansion out of Africa, contradicting an earlier proposal of two independentwaves. We also show that populations from South and Southeast Asia harbor a smallproportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, which is absent fromEuropeans and East Asians. The footprints of adaptive selection in the genomes of theAndamanese show that their characteristic distinctive phenotypes (including veryshort stature) do not reတတect an ancient African origin, but instead result from strongnatural selection on genes related to human body size.




GENOME VARIATION IN THE EMERGING FUNGAL PATHOGEN CANDIDAGLABRATA

Laia Carreté1,2, Cécile Fairhead3, Toni Gabaldón1,2,4

(1) Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the BarcelonaInstitute of Science and Technology (BIST). Dr. Aiguader, 88. 08003 Barcelona, Spain (2) Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). (3) Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR8621 CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Bât 400, UFR desSciences, Orsay Cedex, F 91405, France. (4) Institució Catalana d’Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

Infections caused by pathogenic yeasts are becoming of increasing medicalimportance. Candida glabrata is one of the most common pathogenic fungi inhumans, ranking as the second causative agent of candidiasis worldwide. Despite itsgenus name C. glabrata is only distantly related to the model pathogen Candidaalbicans and belongs to the Nakaseomyces, a clade more closely related toSaccharomyces cerevisiae (Gabaldón et al., 2013). This indicates that virulence tohumans has independently and recently emerged within this clade. Considering thatvirulence properties can vary signiတတcantly among strains of the same species, it isimportant to study the detailed genetic background of pathogenic and commensalisolates.

Here, we use a genome re-sequencing approach to analyse the variability among 32diတ�erent genomes from clinical and commensal C. glabrata samples from diတ�erentcountries. We surveyed single-nucleotide polymorphism, ploidy, copy numbervariation and genomic re-arrangements. Our results show that the sequenced strainsare structured in six genetically diတ�erentiated clusters, which do not cluster bygeographical origin or site of infection. Despite an overall high similarity at thesequence level, most diတ�erences between strains consist of gene losses and gains,often involving cell-wall proteins. We တတnd evidence for active recombination betweendistinct subpopulations, which is remarkable for species considered as asexual. Inaccordance we တတnd genomic evidence for active mating type switching, although wereport a high incidence of failed switching events leading to aberrant mating typeconတတgurations.

Gabaldón et al.: Comparative genomics of emerging pathogens in the Candidaglabrata clade (2013). BMC Genomics 14:623.




UNDERSTANDING THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF HUMANPOLYMORPHIC INVERSIONS

Isaac Noguera1, David Castellano1, Sergi Villatoro1, Mario Cáceres1,2

(1) Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra(Barcelona), Spain. (2) Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.

Chromosomal inversion polymorphism has been a paradigm in evolutionary biology. Since early on it was shown that inversions have adaptive eတ�ects in diတ�erentorganisms, but very little is known about the action of selection on inversions,especially in humans. A key evolutionary eတ�ect of inversions is that they suppressrecombination as heterozygotes due to the generation of lethal unbalanced gametes.It is also known that there are two main generation mechanisms of inversions inhumans (associated maybe to diတ�erent mutation rates): mediated and non-mediatedby inverted repeats (IRs). Thus, it is essential to assess the role of mutation, drift andselection in the population behavior of these two types of inversions. In this work, wetook advantage of a large-scale genotyping eတ�ort of 44 inversions in 550 individualsfrom seven populations to carry out a global analysis of inversion frequency inhumans. First, we built generalized linear mixed models to predict how the frequencyvaries according to the presence and size of IRs at their breakpoints, inversionpositional eတ�ects, such as distance to closest gene, number of captured genes, genelocation, and features associated with the eတ�ect of inversions in recombination, suchas inversion length and local recombination rate. Next, we compared the observedfrequency against that predicted by our models in order to identify outliers andtherefore inversion candidates to be under selection. Our models တတt better the datawhen we distinguish inversions according to the presence (~30% of the variationexplained) or absence (~50% of the variation explained) of IRs in their breakpoints,with inversion genetic length and inversion positional eတ�ects, respectively, as mainand secondary factors aတ�ecting the variation in inversion frequencies. Inversionphysical length is negatively correlated with both local recombination rate andinversion frequency (while controlling for each other and gene content). Moreover,inversions aတ�ecting coding regions are at signiတတcantly lower frequency than intergenicor intronic inversions. These results suggest that human polymorphic inversions areunder strong purifying selection due to its role in promoting the generation ofunbalanced gametes. Finally, we report two inversions that show clear signs of positiveselection that deserve further molecular and phenotypic characterization.




INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HALOPHYTE LIMONIUMVULGARE AND RELATED TAXA (PLUMBAGINACEAE) USING THE ITS1

MARKER

Ana S. Róis1,2, Flávio Sádio1, Miguel Fernandes2, Miguel Guara Requena3, DalilaEspírito Santo1, Ana D. Caperta1

(1) Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem (LEAF), Instituto Superior deAgronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (2) Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias(ULHT), Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal (3) Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Spain

The closely related halophytes Limonium vulgare Mill., Limonium narbonense andLimonium maritimum (Plumbaginaceae) form a remarkably biodiverse taxonomiccomplex group distributed throughout European Atlantic and Mediterranean coastalregions. However, species boundaries of these species are morphologicallyambiguous. In this study we investigated the interspeciတတc relationships of individualsrepresentative of these species using the Internal Transcribed Sequence 1 (ITS1) of thenuclear rDNA as a marker. Genetic analyses revealed that populations of these speciesare poorly diတ�erentiated, appearing to be very homogeneous. Network analysisshowed haplotype sharing within and among species’ populations of diတ�erent ploidylevels. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that L. vulgare and L. maritimum Portuguesepopulations are genetically more related with Spanish L. vulgare populations than withL. narbonense. Our results show that morphological diတ�erentiation among thesespecies is correlated with few genetic diတ�erentiation across its huge range. We discussthese data in light of these species reproductive strategies.




MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT RETROTRANSPOSON INSERTIONS IN THEPROXIMAL PROMOTER OF A STRESS RESPONSE GENE IN DROSOPHILA

MELANOGASTER

Miriam Merenciano1, Anna Ullastres1, M.A.R. de Cara2, Maite G. Barrón1, JosefaGonzález1

(1) Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. (2) Laboratoire d'Ecoanthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206, CNRS/MNHN/Universite Paris 7,Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75116 Paris, France.

Promoters are structurally and functionally diverse gene regulatory regions. Thepresence or absence of sequence motifs and the spacing between the motifs deတတnesthe properties of promoters. Recent alternative promoter usage analyses inDrosophila melanogaster revealed that transposable elements signiတတcantly contributeto promoter diversity. In this work, we analyzed in detail one of the transposableelement insertions, named FBti0019985, that has been co-opted to drive expression ofCG18446, a candidate stress response gene. We analyzed strains from diတ�erentnatural populations and we found that besides FBti0019985, there are another eightindependent transposable elements inserted in the proximal promoter region ofCG18446. All nine insertions are solo-LTRs that belong to the roo family. We analyzedthe sequence of the nine roo insertions and we investigated whether the diတ�erentinsertions were functionally equivalent by performing 5'-RACE, gene expression, andcold-stress survival experiments. We found that diတ�erent insertions have diတ�erentmolecular and functional consequences. The exact position where the transposableelements are inserted matters, as they all showed highly conserved sequences butonly two of the analyzed insertions provided alternative transcription start sites, andonly the FBti0019985 insertion consistently aတ�ects CG18446 expression. Thephenotypic consequences of the diတ�erent insertions also vary: only FBti0019985 wasassociated with cold-stress tolerance. Interestingly, the only previous report oftransposable elements inserting repeatedly and independently in a promoter region inD. melanogaster, were also located upstream of a stress response gene. Our resultssuggest that functional validation of individual structural variants is needed to resolvethe complexity of insertion clusters.


Presentación jóvenes investigadores - Talk Young Researcher 6

TESTING THE ROLE OF SELECTION AND DEMOGRAPHY IN DRIVING THERAPID POSTGLACIAL RADIATION OF DARK-EYED JUNCOS

Guillermo Friis1, Angeles de Cara2, Borja Milá1

(1) National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid,Spain (2) Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France

Rapid evolutionary radiations likely result from the combined eတ�ects of selectivepressures and demographic processes. The Dark-eyed Junco of North Americaincludes several phenotypically divergent forms which have arisen within the last15,000 years. Phylogeographic analyses have revealed low diတ�erentiation among theseforms in mtDNA, along with haplotype frequencies congruent with a demographicexpansion from Central America to Canada, suggesting a diversiတတcation process duringa northward recolonization following the last glacial maximum (LGM). Here wecombine whole-genome and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data to (i) reconstructthe phylogenetic relationships among Dark-eyed Junco forms; (ii) test the recent-divergence and population-expansion hypotheses using MSMC (multiple sequentiallyMarkovian coalescent) and G-Phocs (generalized phylogenetic coalescent sampler);and (iii) infer the number of loci under selection involved in lineage diတ�erentiationusing Bayescan. Genome-wide SNPs obtained from GBS data resolved Dark-eyedJunco forms into reciprocally monophyletic lineages, congruently with geographic andphenotypic patterns. Furthermore, a rooted maximum likelihood phylogeny revealed astriking pattern of diversiတတcation consistent with a northward sequence ofcladogenetic events. Both MSMC and G-Phocs revealed recent demographicexpansions for all of forms, reinforcing the hypothesis of multiple lineagediတ�erentiation driven by a postglacial northward expansion. Bayescan genomicsurveys revealed no speciတတc regions of high diတ�erentiation but rather a large numberof highly divergent variants scattered across the genome, suggesting the role ofselection acting on numerous independent loci from the early stages of thediversiတတcation. Our analyses show that juncos represent one of the fastest radiationsdocumented in birds, driven by demographic and selective factors.


Lista de participantes

List of attendants

Nombre / Name Centro / Center

Aguadé, Montserrat Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Alba, Mar Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (Spain)

Alonso, Santos Universidad del País Vasco, EHU (Spain)

Álvarez, Marta Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Andres, Aida Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology(Germany)

Angeles, De Cara CNRS / Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France)

Baldo, Laura Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Barbadilla, Antonio Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Barluenga, Marta Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (Spain)

Barrón Aduriz, Maite Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Bertranpetit, Jaume Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Blevins, William Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain)

Bosch Fuste, Elena Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Cáceres, Mario Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Calafell Majo, Francesc Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Calvo Martín, Juan Manuel Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Cañestro, Cristian Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Caperta, Ana D Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Lisboa (Portugal)

Carreras Huergo, Carlos Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Carreté Muñoz, Laia Fundació Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona (Spain)

Casillas, Sònia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Comas, David Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Coronado, Marta Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

De Vladar, Harold Parmenides Foundation, Pullach (Germany)

Delprat, Alejandra Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Dobon Berenguer, Begoña Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Dolgova, Olga Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

mailto:[email protected]



























Escuer, Paula Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Eyre-Walker, Adam University of Sussex (UK)

Fernández Martín, Jesús Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria yAlimentaria, Madrid (Spain)

Fontdevila, Antonio Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Frías López, Cristina Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Friis, Guillermo Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (Spain)

García Guerreiro, Mª Pilar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

García-Dorado, Aurora Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain)

Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Giner Delgado, Carla Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

González Pérez, Josefa Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Gonzalez-Candelas, Fernando Universidad de Valencia (Spain)

Guirao Rico, Sara Centre de Recerca en AgriGenòmica (CRAG), Barcelona(Spain)

Henriques, Jorge Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes,FCUL, Lisboa (Portugal)

Hervás, Sergi Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Horvath, Vivien Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Kaessmann, Henrik Heidelberg University (Germany)

Kuhlwilm, Martin Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain)

Kuhn, Gustavo Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte (Brasil)

Laayouni, Haတတd Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Lao, Oscar Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona(Spain)

Latorre, Amparo Universidad de Valencia (Spain)

López Cortegano, Eugenio Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain)

López, Saioa University College London (UK)

Marquès Bonet, Tomàs Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Martínez Portela, Paulino Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

Matos, Margarida Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes,FCUL, Lisboa (Portugal)

Merenciano, Miriam Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Milá, Borja Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid (Spain)

Mixao, Veronica Fundació Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona (Spain)

Mondal, Mayukh Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Moreno Merchan, Antoni Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Moya, Andrés Universidad de Valencia (Spain)



















mailto:%C2%[email protected]















Negre, Bàrbara Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Noguera, Isaac Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Orengo, Dorcas J Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Pascual Berniola, Marta Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Pegueroles, Cinta Fundació Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona(Spain)

Peñarrubia, Luis Universitat de Girona (Spain)

Perera Del Rosario, Simón Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Pérez, Nuria Universitat de Girona (Spain)

Pérez-Enciso, Miguel Centre de Recerca en AgriGenòmica (CRAG), Barcelona(Spain)

Petrov, Dmitri Stanford University (USA)

Pla, Carles Universitat de Girona (Spain)

Puerma Rodríguez, Eva M Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Puig, Marta Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Ramos Onsins, Sebastián E Centre de Recerca en AgriGenòmica (CRAG), Barcelona(Spain)

Rech, Gabriel Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Riutort León, Marta Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Rodríguez-Trelles, Francisco Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Róis, Ana Soတတa Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon; andLusofona University of Humanities and Technologies(Portugal)

Rozas, Julio Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Ruiz Orera, Jorge Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona(Spain)

Ruiz, Alfredo Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Salazar-Ciudad, Isaac University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland)

Sánchez, Alejandro Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Sanchez-Herrero, José Francisco Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Santos, Cristina Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Santos, Mauro Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Segarra, Carmen Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Silva Moreno, Francisco J Universitat de València (Spain)

Subirana, Juan A Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona(Spain)

Szathmáry, Eörs Eötvös University, Budapest (Hungary)

Tarrío, Rosa Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

Toll Riera, Macarena University of Zurich (Switzerland)

































Toll Riera, Macarena University of Zurich (Switzerland)

Toro, Miguel Angel Universidad Politécnica Madrid (Spain)

Ullastres Coll, Anna Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Vela, Doris Pontiတတcia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE)

Villanueva Cañas, Jose Luis Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

Vizueta, Joel Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)

Wagner, Andreas University of Zurich (Switzerland)

Walsh Capdevila, Sandra Institut Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona (Spain)

99 participantes / attendants









PatrocinadoresSponsors

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XXI Seminario de Genética de Poblaciones y...

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